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Shrimp Farming in Pacific Island Countries and Territories

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Shrimp Farming in Pacific Island Countries and Territories SPC CPS SECRETARIAT OF THE PACIFIC COMMUNITY SECRÉTARIAT GÉNÉRAL DE LA COMMUNAUTÉ DU PACIFIQUE © SPC, 2011 – Cover design: Muriel Borderie –SPC Publications Section : Hugues Lemonnier Muriel –SPC Publications – Photo design: Borderie © SPC, 2011 – Cover Shrimp farming in Pacific Island countries and territories: CONTACT DETAILS Secretariat of the Pacific Community Status and trends in 2010 SPC Headquarters SPC Suva Regional Office SPC Pohnpei Regional Office SPC Solomon Islands BP D5, Private Mail Bag, PO Box Q, Country Office 98848 Noumea Cedex, Suva, Kolonia, Pohnpei, 96941 FM, PO Box 1468 New Caledonia Fiji Islands, Federated States of Honiara, Solomon Islands Telephone: +687 26 20 00 Telephone: +679 337 0733 Micronesia Telephone: + 677 25543 Fax: +687 26 38 18 Fax: +679 337 0021 Telephone: +691 3207 523 +677 25574 Fax: +691 3202 725 Fax: +677 25547 Email: [email protected] Website: www.spc.int Shrimp farming in Pacific Island countries and territories: Status and trends in 2010 Compiled for SPC Aquaculture Section by Jacques Patrois Secretariat of the Pacific Community Noumea, New Caledonia, 2011 © Copyright Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2011 All rights for commercial / for profit reproduction or translation, in any form, reserved. SPC authorises the partial reproduction or translation of this material for scientific, educational or research purposes, provided that SPC and the source document are properly acknowledged. Permission to reproduce the document and/or translate in whole, in any form, whether for commercial / for profit or non-profit purposes, must be requested in writing. Original SPC artwork may not be altered or separately published without permission. Original text: English Secretariat of the Pacific Community Cataloguing-in-publication data Patrois, Jacques Shrimp farming in Pacific Island countries and territories: status and trends in 2010 / compiled for SPC aquaculture section by Jacques Patrois 1. Shrimp culture — Oceania. 2. Shrimp fisheries — Oceania. 3. Aquaculture — management — Oceania. I. Patrois, Jacques II. Title III. Secretariat of the Pacific Community 639.543 AACR2 ISBN: 978-982-00-0491-7 Design and layout: Muriel Borderie – SPC Publications Section Prepared for publication at the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia, 2011 2 Shrimp farming in Pacific Island countries and territories: Status and trends in 2010 Contents Executive summary .......................................................................................................... 4 1. Shrimp aquaculture in the world: trends and challenges ............................................ 5 2. Review of the cultured shrimp industry in Pacific Island countries and territories .. 7 Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands .............................................................................9 Vanuatu ...............................................................................................................................................13 Fiji .......................................................................................................................................................15 French Polynesia ................................................................................................................................. 21 Guam ...................................................................................................................................................26 Papua New Guinea ..............................................................................................................................30 New Caledonia ....................................................................................................................................33 3. Analytical review of country reports ......................................................................... 40 4. Challenges and possible alternatives ......................................................................... 46 5. Reference List .............................................................................................................. 54 6. Annexes ....................................................................................................................... 57 Annex 1: Saipan Aquaculture Farm, CNMI .......................................................................................57 Annex 2: Teouma prawns Limited (Efate)-Vanuatu ........................................................................... 61 Annex 3: Denarau project, Nadi, Fiji ..................................................................................................63 Annex 4: Wong’s farm project, Yako, Fiji ...........................................................................................64 Annex 5: Vatoa village project, Nausori, Fiji ......................................................................................66 Annex 6: Guam Aquaculture Development and Training Center (GADTC also known as Fadian Hatchery), Guam .....................................................................................................................68 Annex 7: Aquaculture farm facilities in New Caledonia ...................................................................70 Annex 8: Resource persons ................................................................................................................75 Shrimp farming in Pacific Island countries and territories: Status and trends in 2010 3 Executive summary Each year the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) Aquaculture Section conducts a thorough review of one selected aquaculture sector of relevance to the Pacific region. Past reviews have included Kappaphycus seaweed, tilapia fish, marine ornamentals and marine finfish. Marine shrimp farming was the activity chosen for review in 2010. In a world where shrimp aquaculture is developing at an extraordinary rate, mainly in the countries of Asia and Latin America, it seemed appropriate to assess the impact of this expansion on the Pacific region, especially in the Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs). The first stage involved identifying the various shrimp farming projects in progress and preparing a programme of site visits, which then made it possible to meet most private and institutional stakeholders in the countries producing shrimps from aquaculture. The information gathered revealed a high degree of diversity in the conduct of this activity, often determined by economic, human, geographical or political factors. It emerged, however, that the concerns of the various stakeholders were often similar and linked to the island setting: distance from world trading routes, small local markets with strong competition from imported products, and difficulties with access to appropriate know-how and equipment. Paradoxically, all the countries are aware that, even if one of the benefits of being an island is a well-protected health status due to isolation from the major diseases affecting shrimp aquaculture, it is not easy to capitalise on or protect that status. In a second stage, an analytical review of the various factors and problems that can affect the development of shrimp culture was carried out bearing that each country has its own priorities and constraints. Technical and biological challenges and possible alternatives are then discussed to broaden the perspective and offer general considerations of interest to stakeholders interested in aquaculture, with special emphasis on marine shrimps. Without claiming to offer ready-made solutions for developing marine shrimp aquaculture in PICTs, this technical report should be considered a starting point for a better understanding of the potential opportunities and benefits of developing this activity. There are certainly many obstacles, but these should not discourage private or institutional initiatives, because opportunities do exist and the benefits can be social as well as economic and technical. The opinions expressed in this report, although based on site visits and discussion with resource persons, cannot be taken as commitments from the various people consulted and are the author’s sole responsibility. 4 Shrimp farming in Pacific Island countries and territories: Status and trends in 2010 1. Shrimp aquaculture in the world: trends and challenges For many years, capture fisheries supplied most of the shrimps consumed worldwide. Not until the 1980s did farmed shrimps begin to appear in significant quantities on the markets as a result of the development of industrial techniques that made it possible to produce post-larvae in hatcheries and rear them in ponds. Fishing effort intensified simultaneously but catches peaked a few years ago and aquaculture now accounts for over 50% of world shrimp production, estimated in 2008 at 6.5 million tonnes. Mi lli on MT 7 52 % 6 fisher ies aquacul ture 5 4 28 % 3 26 % 2 1 0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Figure 1. World shrimp production with the relative contributions of aquaculture and the capture fishery Source: FAO (2010) While wild-caught shrimps belong to more than a dozen different species, aquaculture output is dominated by two species, Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei, native to Asia and the Pacific coast of Latin America respectively . Figure 2. World shrimp aquaculture production by species (estimate for 2009) Sources: FAO (2010) and GOAL (Anderson and Li 2010) Shrimp farming in Pacific Island countries and territories: Status and
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