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Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Ariophantidae) Ruthenica, 2015, vol. 25, No. 1: 15-18. © Ruthenica, 2015 Published online February 16, 2015 http: www.ruthenica.com Taxonomic position of Helix pernobilis Férussac 1821 and notes on the genus Koratia (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Ariophantidae) A.A. SCHILEYKO A.N. Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski prosp. 33, Moscow 119071, RUSSIA. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. The study of reproductive tract of the walled papilla, its pore occupies apical position. south-east Asian species Helix pernobilis Férussac Spermatheca with very short duct, reservoir has a 1821 has shown that the species belongs to the genus muscular band (ligament) that connects it with the Koratia Godwin-Austen 1919. The problem of taxo- surface of spermoviduct. nomic rank of the genus Koratia and its comparison Distribution. SE Asia. with related taxa (Ariophanta and Hemiplecta) are briefly discussed. Koratia pernobilis (Férussac 1821) (Fig. 1) Férussac, 1821: 39, no. 182 (Helix); Pfeiffer, 1860 (1854- The fauna of land mollusks of Vietnam was 1879): 177, Taf. XLVIII, Fig. 3, 4 (Helix); Crosse, Fis- studied by many malacologists, predominately cher, 1864: 327 (Helix); Fischer, Dautzenberg, 1904: 4 French. A catalogue of species known up to date as [Nanina (Rhysota)]; Pilsbry, 1886: 33, pl. 8, fig. 28 (Rhy- well as full bibliography had been presented by the sota); Schileyko, 2011: 30 (Koratia distincta pernobilis). author [Schileyko, 2011]. However, anatomically Type locality – “Poulo-Condor” (at the present mollusks of Vietnam remain very poorly studied. To time – Còn Ðao Island, S Vietnam). establish the generic and familial belonging of a Material. 1 specimen from environs of Van Mai village, particular species in most cases is possible by only Xo-Shan-Bin Province, N Vietnam, 28-30.V.1982, leg. I.S. anatomical characters, especially it is true for spe- Darevski. cies with helicoid shells. The description of one of The shell is depressed, moderately thin, of 5-5.5 such species is given below. whorls. The whorls are little flattened below suture. Last whorl with smoothed but quite distinct peripheral Koratia Godwin-Austen, 1919 angle, is not descending toward the aperture. Color Godwin-Austen, 1919: 202; Zilch, 1960: 317 (Hemiplecta mostly pale-corneous, peripheral angle light (almost subgen.); Schileyko, 2002: 1281. white), from below to it a brown band adjoins, itslower margin of which more or less blurred. Type species – Helix distincta L. Pfeiffer, 1850, Embryonic whorls smooth. On later whorls radial by original designation. sculpture weak (almost absent); spiral sculpture Shell is large, depressed-subglobular, moderate- represented by a thin wavy striation. Aperture is ly thin to rather solid, with evenly rounded to angu- broadly ovate, moderately oblique, with thin, straight lar periphery. The number of whorls is 5.5-6. Colo- margins. Umbilicus is rather narrow, subcylindri- ration is nearly monotonously yellowish to pale cal. Dimensions of studied specimen: shell height corneous, with a pronounced to varying degree 40.2, diameter 63.2 mm. dark band below periphery. Embryonic whorls are Vas deferens thin, moderately long, in its distal smooth. Later whorls look almost smooth, with part there is a small rounded flagellum (“lime sac” delicate spiral lines. Aperture is ovate, moderately of some authors). On the penis/epiphallus junction oblique, with thin margins. Umbilicus is narrow, there is a rather small caecum, to which penial open. Height up to 25-42, diameter 45-68 mm. retractor is attached. Epiphallus rather long, its At the boundary between penis and epiphallus lower (distal) section is markedly corrugated, sepa- there is a rather small lime sac (“flagellum”). Epiphal- rated from the penis by a narrow constriction. lus is somewhat longer than penis, with a rather Penis not large, its inner surface near the atrium small caecum, to which the retractor of penis is with irregular, smoothed longitudinal folds; nearer attached. Penis has an envelope. Sarcobelum is to the epiphallus there are series of small rounded long, with apical ligament and well-developed thick- tubercles. Most part of the penis is surrounded by 16 A.A. Schileyko FIG. 1. Koratia pernobilis. Shell, reproductive tract and inner structure of its distal section. Abbreviations: C – caecum; LS – lime sac; P – penis; PR – penial retractor; PS – penis sheath; PSb – papilla of sarcobelum; RS – reservoir of spermatheca; Sb – sarcobelum; V – vagina. РИС. 1. Koratia pernobilis. Раковина, половая система и внутреннее строение ее дистального отдела. Обозначения: C – цекум; LS – “флагеллум” (лайм сак, известковый мешок); P – пенис; PR – ретрактор пениса; PS – чехол пениса; PSb – папилла саркобеллума; RS –резервуар семеприемника; Sb – саркобелум; V – вагина. well-developed sheath, upper edge of which is drawn [Martens, 1867; Fischer, Dautzenberg, 1904; by connective-tissue fibers to the vas deferens. Dautzenberg, Fischer, 1905]; to Hemiplecta [Mor- Oviduct somewhat longer than vagina, inner sur- let, 1889, Wanvipa Kumprataung et al., 1989]; to face of which bears irregular, smoothed longitudi- Ariophanta (Hemiplecta) [Morlet, 1891]. It is es- nal folds. Sarcobelum long, with apical ligament. sential that all the named authors, except Wanvipa Lower part of the sarcobelum expanded, contains Kumprataung et al. [1989], had based their conclu- muscular conic papilla. Spermatheca is short, with sions only on conchological characters, whereas indistinctly expressed reservoir and apical ligament the majority of ariophantid genera are diagnosed which attached to the spermoviduct. mainly by anatomical features. If to leave the names Remark. In the studied specimen of K. perno- Nanina Gray 1834 (preoccupied by Risso, 1826) bilis the spermatophore is not found, but there is and Ryssota Albers, 1850 (the genus distributed information [Wanvipa Kumprataung et al., 1989] only in the Philippine Islands), there remains the that in Koratia distincta spermatophore is present; question of the relationship of the genus Koratia description of its structure is not given. with genera Ariophanta Des Moulins, 1829 and Distribution. S Vietnam (Còn Ðao Island), N Hemiplecta Albers, 1850. Vietnam (Xo-Shan-Bin Prov.), Cambodia, Thailand. Differential diagnoses of three closely related genera following: Discussion Hemiplecta – penial papilla is present, caecum long, epiphallus is folded across and both its knees System of the Ariophantidae family cannot be are connected by a ligament. considered completely established. In particular, Koratia – penial papilla is absent, caecum short, various authors attributed the type species of the epiphallus is not folded across. genus Koratia to different genera and subgenera Ariophanta – penial papilla is absent, caecum (not counting the genus Helix): to Nanina [Mar- long, epiphallus is folded across, and both its knees tens, 1860; Smith, 1896]; to Nanina (Rhyssota) are connected by connective-tissue fibers. Taxonomic position of Helix pernobilis and notes on Koratia (Ariophantidae) 17 Thus, if in Hemiplecta there is one unique (diag- nobilis is distributed broadly but sporadically, or K. nostic) character (presence of penial papilla), in distincta locally forms angular shells. In the latter Koratia there are two such characters (short cae- case K. pernobilis might be just an intraspecific cum and straight epiphallus), Ariophanta has no form of K. distincta. unique features and the taxon is characterized by a combination of characters. At the same time, should References be taken into consideration the fact that these diag- noses are based on the type species, and as more Benthem Jutting W.S.S. 1950. Anatomie compareé de species of the family will be studied it may appear l’appareil genital chez les pulmonés terrestres de that the features that characterize the type species Java, attribués jusqu’ici au genre Hemiplecta Al- of these three taxa will overlap. bers 1850. Journal de Conchyliologie, 90: 124-127. No less complex situation is with Helix pernobi- Crosse H., Fischer P. 1864. Faune malacologique de lis Férussac 1821. This taxon was assigned (as a Cochinchine. Premier supplement. Journal de Con- separate species or subspecies of Helix distincta) to chyliologie, 12: 322-338. Nanina (Rhysota) [Fischer, Dautzenberg, 1904], or Dautzenberg Ph., Fisher H. 1905. Liste des mollusques to Koratia [Schileyko, 2011]. récoltés par M.H. Mansuy en Indo-Chine et au Yunnan et description d’espèces nouvelles. Jour- At the same time the genus Koratia some au- nal de Conchyliologie, 53: 343-471. thors [Godwin-Austen, 1919; Schileyko, 2002] con- Férussac J.B.L.d’Audebard. 1821. Tableaux System- sidered as a separate genus, others [Solem, 1966; atiques des Animaux Mollusques, Deuxieme Par- Wanvipa Kumprataung et al., 1989] – as a subge- tie, Tableaux Particuliers des Mollusques Terrestres nus of the genus Hemiplecta (description and illus- et Fluviatiles, Classe des Gasteropodes. Ordre des tration of the reproductive tract of the type species Pulmones sans Opercules. II. Tableaux System- of Hemiplecta – Helix humphreysiana Lea, 1841 – atiques de la Famille des Limaçons, Cochleae. see Benthem Jutting, 1950, p. 126, Fig. 1, and of Paris. 90: 666 pp. closely related species “Helix” ceylanica L. Pfe- Fischer H., Dautzenberg Ph. 1904. Catalogue des mol- iffer, 1850 – Schileyko, 2002, p. 1282-1283, Fig. lusques terrestres et fluviatiles de l’Indo-Chine ori- 1686). Generic status of Koratia and its distinctions entale cites jusqu’à ce jour. Mission Pavie, Etudes
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