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Download Article (PDF) PATI et al.: Studies on Land and Freshwater Molluscs....Zoological Survey of India, Kozhikode ISSN 0375-1511539 Rec. zool. Surv. India : 114(Part-4) : 539-558, 2014 STUDIES ON LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS IN THE COLLECTION OF WESTERN GHAT REGIONAL CENTRE, ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA, KOZHIKODE S.K. PATI1*, R.M. SHARMA1 AND P.M. SURESHAN2 1Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Pune-411 044 2Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghat Regional Centre, Kozhikode-673 006 INTRODUCTION of Western Ghats from the same state. Another Molluscs dwelling on land belong to the class reason for scanty records of molluscs in the Gastropoda and those inhabiting in freshwater are Western Ghats is poorly studied or unstudied represented by the classes Gastropoda and Bivalvia. museum specimens particularly that of the Western About 24000 species of land molluscs and 7000 Ghat Regional Centre of Zoological Survey of species of freshwater molluscs are known to science India. Therefore, we attempted to study land and (Lydeard et al., 2004). In India, 1129 species of freshwater molluscs deposited at the National land molluscs (Ramakrishna et al., 2010) and 208 Zoological Collections (NZC) of Western Ghat species of freshwater molluscs (Ramakrishna and Regional Centre (WGRC), Zoological Survey of Dey, 2007; Köhler & Glaubrecht, 2007; Reid et India (ZSI), Kozhikode. al., 2013) are so far reported. Important systematic contributions on land and Western Ghats, a global biodiversity hotspot, freshwater molluscs of India including Western has 269 land molluscs (with 75% endemic Ghats were that of Benson (1836), Blanford (1870 species) and 65 freshwater molluscs (with about & 1880), Beddome (1875 & 1891), Blanford and 39% endemic species) (Mavinkurve et al., 2004a; Godwin Austen (1908), Gude (1914 & 1921), Aravind et al., 2005; Köhler & Glaubrecht, Preston (1915), Annandale and Rao (1925), Rao 2007; Reid et al., 2013). Nonetheless, molluscs (1925), Subba Rao (1989), Mitra et al. (2005) and particularly land snails of Western Ghats are by Ramakrishna and Dey (2007). Moreover, many and large unknown or understudied or with scanty catalogues and checklists have been prepared information (Mavinkurve et al., 2004a). Among reporting land and freshwater molluscs of India the several reasons for poor documentation of (Theobald, 1860, 1876; Mitchell, 1867; Nevill, species diversity in the Western Ghats, major 1877, 1878, 1884; Satyamurti, 1960; Ramakrishna causes are inaccessibility to remote areas and et al., 2010) besides that of Karnataka (Mavinkurve poor sampling efforts. For example, Köhler & et al., 2004b) and Maharashtra (Patil & Talmale, Glaubrecht (2007) described 2 new pachychilid 2005). snails from Krishna River drainage system in MATERIAL AND METHODS Karnataka while Reid et al. (2013) described six new species of freshwater littorinid snail from a The National Zoological Collections of Western single drainage system (linear distance of 80 km) Ghat Regional Centre, Kozhikode hold about *Email: [email protected] 540 Rec. zool. Surv. India 1049 specimens of land and freshwater molluscs Superfamily PLECTOPYLOIDEA (including 20 type material: 6 holotype specimens Family PLECTOPYLIDAE and 13 paratype specimens) collected mainly 3. Corilla anax (Benson, 1865) from the Western Ghats of Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu states during the Superfamily HELICARIONOIDEA period of 33 years from 1981 to 2013. Molluscan Family ARIOPHANTIDAE specimens were identifi ed following Subba Rao Subfamily ARIOPHANTINAE (1989), Mitra et al. (2005), Ramakrishna and Dey (2007) and Reid et al. (2013). The classifi cation 4. Euplecta subcastor (Beddome, 1891) systems of gastropod and bivalve families followed 5. Hemiplecta basileus (Benson, 1861) here are according to Bouchet and Rocroi (2005; 6. Indrella ampulla (Benson, 1850) 2010). However, the phylogenetic arrangement of Freshwater molluscs: the suprageneric taxa is according to Poppe & Phylum MOLLUSCA Tagaro (2006) for gastropods and according to Carter et al. (2011) for bivalves. Class GASTROPODA The following abbreviations are used: Coll.: Subclass CAENOGASTROPODA Collector; dist.: district; INV: Invertebrate; IR: Order unassigned CAENOGASTROPODA Identifi ed Register; N.P.: National Park; NZC: Superfamily AMPULLARIOIDEA National Zoological Collections; R.F.: Reserve Forest; T.R.: Tiger Reserve; W.L.S.: Wildlife Family AMPULLARIIDAE Sanctuary; WGRC: Western Ghat Regional Subfamily AMPULLARIINAE Centre; ZSI: Zoological Survey of India. 7. Pila virens (Lamarck, 1822) SYSTEMATIC LIST Superfamily VIVIPAROIDEA Land molluscs: Family VIVIPARIDAE Phylum MOLLUSCA Subfamily VIVIPARINAE Class GASTROPODA 8. Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck, 1822) 9. Bellamya dissimilis (Müller, 1774) Subclass CAENOGASTROPODA Superfamily CERITHIOIDEA Order unassigned CAENOGASTROPODA Family PACHYCHILIDAE Superfamily CYCLOPHOROIDEA 10. Paracrostoma huegelii (Philippi, 1843) Family CYCLOPHORIDAE Family PALUDOMIDAE Subfamily CYCLOPHORINAE Subfamily PALUDOMINAE 1. Cyclophorus (Litostylus) nilagiricus (Benson, 1852) 11. Paludomus (Paludomus) annandalei Preston, 1909 Subclass HETEROBRANCHIA 12. Paludomus (Philopotamis) sulcatus Reeve, Order STYLOMMATOPHORA 1847 Superfamily ACHATINOIDEA 13. Paludomus (Tanalia) neritoides Reeve, 1847 Family ACHATINIDAE Family THIARIDAE Subfamily ACHATININAE Subfamily THIARINAE 2. Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica (Bowdich, 14. Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) 1822) 15. Tarebia granifera (Lamarck, 1822) PATI et al.: Studies on Land and Freshwater Molluscs....Zoological Survey of India, Kozhikode 541 16. Thiara (Thiara) scabra (Müller, 1774) 29. Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819) Superfamily LITTORINOIDEA Subfamily PARREYSIINAE Family LITTORINIDAE 30. Parreysia (Parreysia) corrugata (Müller, Subfamily LACUNINAE 1774) 17. Cremnoconchus agumbensis Reid, Aravind & SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT Madhyastha, 2013 1. Cyclophorus (Litostylus) nilagiricus 18. Cremnoconchus canaliculatus Blanford, (Benson, 1852) 1870 (Plate-I, Figs. 1–3) 19. Cremnoconchus castanea Reid, Aravind & 1852. Cyclostoma nilagiricum Benson, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., Madhyastha, 2013 Ser. 2, X : 268. 20. Cremnoconchus cingulatus Reid, Aravind & 2005. Cyclophorus (Litostylus) nilagiricus Mitra, Dey and Madhyastha, 2013 Ramakrishna, Pictorial Handbook-Indian Land Snails : 52. 21. Cremnoconchus conicus Blanford, 1870 Material examined : 2 ex., Kakkayam, 22. Cremnoconchus dwarakii Reid, Aravind & Kozhikode dist., Kerala, 07. 10. 1982, Coll. K.N. Madhyastha, 2013 Nair, ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV/2884. 23. Cremnoconchus globulus Reid, Aravind & Distribution : India : Western Ghats (Endemic): Madhyastha, 2013 Kerala. 24. Cremnoconchus hanumani Reid, Aravind & Madhyastha, 2013 2. Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica (Bowdich, 1822) 25. Cremnoconchus syhadrensis (Blanford, 1863) (Plate-I, Figs. 4, 5) Subclass HETEROBRANCHIA 1822. Achatina fulica Bowdich, Elements of Conchology, part I. Univalves : pl. 13, fi g. 3. Order HYGROPHILA 2005. Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica Mitra, Dey and Superfamily LYMNAEOIDEA Ramakrishna, Pictorial Handbook-Indian Land Snails : 166. Family LYMNAEIDAE Material examined : 1 ex., Chulliyar, Palakkad Subfamily LYMNAEINAE dist., Kerala, 23. 03. 1999, Coll. P.M. Sureshan, 26. Radix luteola (Lamarck, 1822) ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV/2785. Superfamily PLANORBOIDEA Distribution : India: Found throughout the Family PLANORBIDAE country (including Andaman Islands) except north-west region. Elsewhere : American Samoa, Subfamily BULININAE Argentina, Bangladesh, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, 27. Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes, 1834) Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Caribbean, Central Class BIVALVIA African Republic, China, Christmas Island, Colombia, Cote d’Ivoire, Ecuador, Fiji, French Subclass PALAEOHETERODONTA Polynesia, Guadeloupe, Guam, Indonesia, Japan, Order UNIONOIDA Kenya, Kiribati, Madagascar, Malagasy, Malaysia, Superfamily UNIONOIDEA Maldives, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritius, Micronesia, Morocco, Myanmar, New Caledonia, Family UNIONIDAE New Zealand, Nigeria, Niue, Northern Mariana Subfamily AMBLEMINAE Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, 28. Lamellidens consobrinus (Lea, 1859) Peru, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Seychelles, 542 Rec. zool. Surv. India Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Idukki dist., Kerala, 06. 04. 2012, Coll. P.M. Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Sureshan, ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV/2947. Tobago, Tuvalu, United States Virgin Islands, Distribution : India: Western Ghats : Kerala US Minor Outlying Islands, USA, Vanuatu, and Tamil Nadu. Venezuela, Vietnam, Wallis and Futuna, West 6. Indrella ampulla (Benson, 1850) Africa and Zanzibar. (Plate-I, Figs. 15, 16) 3. Corilla anax (Benson, 1865) 1850. Helix ampulla Benson, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., Ser. 2, (Plate-I, Figs. 6–8) V : 213. 1865. Helix anax Benson, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., Ser. 3, 2005. Indrella ampulla Mitra, Dey and Ramakrishna, XV: 12. Pictorial Handbook-Indian Land Snails : 243. 2005. Corilla anax Mitra, Dey and Ramakrishna, Pictorial Material examined : 2 ex., Periyar Peak, Handbook-Indian Land Snails : 187. Wayanad dist., Kerala, 15. 08. 1994, Coll. Material examined : 1 ex., Sholayar R.F., P.M. Sureshan, ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV/2880; 1 ex., Thrissur dist., Kerala, 21. 02. 1996, Coll. C. Thusaragiri, Kodanchery, Kozhikode dist., Kerala, Radhakrishnan, ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV/2831. 22. 06. 1995, Coll. P.M. Sureshan, ZSI/WGRC/IR/ Distribution : India: Hills of South India INV/2882; 2 ex., Anakkampoyil, Kozhikode dist., including Kerala. Elsewhere : Sri Lanka. Kerala, 17. 07. 1995, Coll.
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