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PATI et al.: Studies on Land and Freshwater Molluscs....Zoological Survey of India, Kozhikode ISSN 0375-1511539 Rec. zool. Surv. India : 114(Part-4) : 539-558, 2014 STUDIES ON LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS IN THE COLLECTION OF WESTERN GHAT REGIONAL CENTRE, ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA, KOZHIKODE S.K. PATI1*, R.M. SHARMA1 AND P.M. SURESHAN2 1Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Pune-411 044 2Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghat Regional Centre, Kozhikode-673 006 INTRODUCTION of Western Ghats from the same state. Another Molluscs dwelling on land belong to the class reason for scanty records of molluscs in the Gastropoda and those inhabiting in freshwater are Western Ghats is poorly studied or unstudied represented by the classes Gastropoda and Bivalvia. museum specimens particularly that of the Western About 24000 species of land molluscs and 7000 Ghat Regional Centre of Zoological Survey of species of freshwater molluscs are known to science India. Therefore, we attempted to study land and (Lydeard et al., 2004). In India, 1129 species of freshwater molluscs deposited at the National land molluscs (Ramakrishna et al., 2010) and 208 Zoological Collections (NZC) of Western Ghat species of freshwater molluscs (Ramakrishna and Regional Centre (WGRC), Zoological Survey of Dey, 2007; Köhler & Glaubrecht, 2007; Reid et India (ZSI), Kozhikode. al., 2013) are so far reported. Important systematic contributions on land and Western Ghats, a global biodiversity hotspot, freshwater molluscs of India including Western has 269 land molluscs (with 75% endemic Ghats were that of Benson (1836), Blanford (1870 species) and 65 freshwater molluscs (with about & 1880), Beddome (1875 & 1891), Blanford and 39% endemic species) (Mavinkurve et al., 2004a; Godwin Austen (1908), Gude (1914 & 1921), Aravind et al., 2005; Köhler & Glaubrecht, Preston (1915), Annandale and Rao (1925), Rao 2007; Reid et al., 2013). Nonetheless, molluscs (1925), Subba Rao (1989), Mitra et al. (2005) and particularly land snails of Western Ghats are by Ramakrishna and Dey (2007). Moreover, many and large unknown or understudied or with scanty catalogues and checklists have been prepared information (Mavinkurve et al., 2004a). Among reporting land and freshwater molluscs of India the several reasons for poor documentation of (Theobald, 1860, 1876; Mitchell, 1867; Nevill, species diversity in the Western Ghats, major 1877, 1878, 1884; Satyamurti, 1960; Ramakrishna causes are inaccessibility to remote areas and et al., 2010) besides that of Karnataka (Mavinkurve poor sampling efforts. For example, Köhler & et al., 2004b) and Maharashtra (Patil & Talmale, Glaubrecht (2007) described 2 new pachychilid 2005). snails from Krishna River drainage system in MATERIAL AND METHODS Karnataka while Reid et al. (2013) described six new species of freshwater littorinid snail from a The National Zoological Collections of Western single drainage system (linear distance of 80 km) Ghat Regional Centre, Kozhikode hold about *Email: [email protected] 540 Rec. zool. Surv. India 1049 specimens of land and freshwater molluscs Superfamily PLECTOPYLOIDEA (including 20 type material: 6 holotype specimens Family PLECTOPYLIDAE and 13 paratype specimens) collected mainly 3. Corilla anax (Benson, 1865) from the Western Ghats of Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu states during the Superfamily HELICARIONOIDEA period of 33 years from 1981 to 2013. Molluscan Family ARIOPHANTIDAE specimens were identifi ed following Subba Rao Subfamily ARIOPHANTINAE (1989), Mitra et al. (2005), Ramakrishna and Dey (2007) and Reid et al. (2013). The classifi cation 4. Euplecta subcastor (Beddome, 1891) systems of gastropod and bivalve families followed 5. Hemiplecta basileus (Benson, 1861) here are according to Bouchet and Rocroi (2005; 6. Indrella ampulla (Benson, 1850) 2010). However, the phylogenetic arrangement of Freshwater molluscs: the suprageneric taxa is according to Poppe & Phylum MOLLUSCA Tagaro (2006) for gastropods and according to Carter et al. (2011) for bivalves. Class GASTROPODA The following abbreviations are used: Coll.: Subclass CAENOGASTROPODA Collector; dist.: district; INV: Invertebrate; IR: Order unassigned CAENOGASTROPODA Identifi ed Register; N.P.: National Park; NZC: Superfamily AMPULLARIOIDEA National Zoological Collections; R.F.: Reserve Forest; T.R.: Tiger Reserve; W.L.S.: Wildlife Family AMPULLARIIDAE Sanctuary; WGRC: Western Ghat Regional Subfamily AMPULLARIINAE Centre; ZSI: Zoological Survey of India. 7. Pila virens (Lamarck, 1822) SYSTEMATIC LIST Superfamily VIVIPAROIDEA Land molluscs: Family VIVIPARIDAE Phylum MOLLUSCA Subfamily VIVIPARINAE Class GASTROPODA 8. Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck, 1822) 9. Bellamya dissimilis (Müller, 1774) Subclass CAENOGASTROPODA Superfamily CERITHIOIDEA Order unassigned CAENOGASTROPODA Family PACHYCHILIDAE Superfamily CYCLOPHOROIDEA 10. Paracrostoma huegelii (Philippi, 1843) Family CYCLOPHORIDAE Family PALUDOMIDAE Subfamily CYCLOPHORINAE Subfamily PALUDOMINAE 1. Cyclophorus (Litostylus) nilagiricus (Benson, 1852) 11. Paludomus (Paludomus) annandalei Preston, 1909 Subclass HETEROBRANCHIA 12. Paludomus (Philopotamis) sulcatus Reeve, Order STYLOMMATOPHORA 1847 Superfamily ACHATINOIDEA 13. Paludomus (Tanalia) neritoides Reeve, 1847 Family ACHATINIDAE Family THIARIDAE Subfamily ACHATININAE Subfamily THIARINAE 2. Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica (Bowdich, 14. Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) 1822) 15. Tarebia granifera (Lamarck, 1822) PATI et al.: Studies on Land and Freshwater Molluscs....Zoological Survey of India, Kozhikode 541 16. Thiara (Thiara) scabra (Müller, 1774) 29. Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819) Superfamily LITTORINOIDEA Subfamily PARREYSIINAE Family LITTORINIDAE 30. Parreysia (Parreysia) corrugata (Müller, Subfamily LACUNINAE 1774) 17. Cremnoconchus agumbensis Reid, Aravind & SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT Madhyastha, 2013 1. Cyclophorus (Litostylus) nilagiricus 18. Cremnoconchus canaliculatus Blanford, (Benson, 1852) 1870 (Plate-I, Figs. 1–3) 19. Cremnoconchus castanea Reid, Aravind & 1852. Cyclostoma nilagiricum Benson, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., Madhyastha, 2013 Ser. 2, X : 268. 20. Cremnoconchus cingulatus Reid, Aravind & 2005. Cyclophorus (Litostylus) nilagiricus Mitra, Dey and Madhyastha, 2013 Ramakrishna, Pictorial Handbook-Indian Land Snails : 52. 21. Cremnoconchus conicus Blanford, 1870 Material examined : 2 ex., Kakkayam, 22. Cremnoconchus dwarakii Reid, Aravind & Kozhikode dist., Kerala, 07. 10. 1982, Coll. K.N. Madhyastha, 2013 Nair, ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV/2884. 23. Cremnoconchus globulus Reid, Aravind & Distribution : India : Western Ghats (Endemic): Madhyastha, 2013 Kerala. 24. Cremnoconchus hanumani Reid, Aravind & Madhyastha, 2013 2. Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica (Bowdich, 1822) 25. Cremnoconchus syhadrensis (Blanford, 1863) (Plate-I, Figs. 4, 5) Subclass HETEROBRANCHIA 1822. Achatina fulica Bowdich, Elements of Conchology, part I. Univalves : pl. 13, fi g. 3. Order HYGROPHILA 2005. Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica Mitra, Dey and Superfamily LYMNAEOIDEA Ramakrishna, Pictorial Handbook-Indian Land Snails : 166. Family LYMNAEIDAE Material examined : 1 ex., Chulliyar, Palakkad Subfamily LYMNAEINAE dist., Kerala, 23. 03. 1999, Coll. P.M. Sureshan, 26. Radix luteola (Lamarck, 1822) ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV/2785. Superfamily PLANORBOIDEA Distribution : India: Found throughout the Family PLANORBIDAE country (including Andaman Islands) except north-west region. Elsewhere : American Samoa, Subfamily BULININAE Argentina, Bangladesh, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, 27. Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes, 1834) Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Caribbean, Central Class BIVALVIA African Republic, China, Christmas Island, Colombia, Cote d’Ivoire, Ecuador, Fiji, French Subclass PALAEOHETERODONTA Polynesia, Guadeloupe, Guam, Indonesia, Japan, Order UNIONOIDA Kenya, Kiribati, Madagascar, Malagasy, Malaysia, Superfamily UNIONOIDEA Maldives, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritius, Micronesia, Morocco, Myanmar, New Caledonia, Family UNIONIDAE New Zealand, Nigeria, Niue, Northern Mariana Subfamily AMBLEMINAE Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, 28. Lamellidens consobrinus (Lea, 1859) Peru, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Seychelles, 542 Rec. zool. Surv. India Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Idukki dist., Kerala, 06. 04. 2012, Coll. P.M. Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Sureshan, ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV/2947. Tobago, Tuvalu, United States Virgin Islands, Distribution : India: Western Ghats : Kerala US Minor Outlying Islands, USA, Vanuatu, and Tamil Nadu. Venezuela, Vietnam, Wallis and Futuna, West 6. Indrella ampulla (Benson, 1850) Africa and Zanzibar. (Plate-I, Figs. 15, 16) 3. Corilla anax (Benson, 1865) 1850. Helix ampulla Benson, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., Ser. 2, (Plate-I, Figs. 6–8) V : 213. 1865. Helix anax Benson, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., Ser. 3, 2005. Indrella ampulla Mitra, Dey and Ramakrishna, XV: 12. Pictorial Handbook-Indian Land Snails : 243. 2005. Corilla anax Mitra, Dey and Ramakrishna, Pictorial Material examined : 2 ex., Periyar Peak, Handbook-Indian Land Snails : 187. Wayanad dist., Kerala, 15. 08. 1994, Coll. Material examined : 1 ex., Sholayar R.F., P.M. Sureshan, ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV/2880; 1 ex., Thrissur dist., Kerala, 21. 02. 1996, Coll. C. Thusaragiri, Kodanchery, Kozhikode dist., Kerala, Radhakrishnan, ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV/2831. 22. 06. 1995, Coll. P.M. Sureshan, ZSI/WGRC/IR/ Distribution : India: Hills of South India INV/2882; 2 ex., Anakkampoyil, Kozhikode dist., including Kerala. Elsewhere : Sri Lanka. Kerala, 17. 07. 1995, Coll.
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    ABSTRACT VOLUME August 11-16, 2019 1 2 Table of Contents Pages Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………………………...1 Abstracts Symposia and Contributed talks……………………….……………………………………………3-225 Poster Presentations…………………………………………………………………………………226-291 3 Venom Evolution of West African Cone Snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) Samuel Abalde*1, Manuel J. Tenorio2, Carlos M. L. Afonso3, and Rafael Zardoya1 1Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva 2Universidad de Cadiz, Departamento CMIM y Química Inorgánica – Instituto de Biomoléculas (INBIO) 3Universidade do Algarve, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR) Cone snails form one of the most diverse families of marine animals, including more than 900 species classified into almost ninety different (sub)genera. Conids are well known for being active predators on worms, fishes, and even other snails. Cones are venomous gastropods, meaning that they use a sophisticated cocktail of hundreds of toxins, named conotoxins, to subdue their prey. Although this venom has been studied for decades, most of the effort has been focused on Indo-Pacific species. Thus far, Atlantic species have received little attention despite recent radiations have led to a hotspot of diversity in West Africa, with high levels of endemic species. In fact, the Atlantic Chelyconus ermineus is thought to represent an adaptation to piscivory independent from the Indo-Pacific species and is, therefore, key to understanding the basis of this diet specialization. We studied the transcriptomes of the venom gland of three individuals of C. ermineus. The venom repertoire of this species included more than 300 conotoxin precursors, which could be ascribed to 33 known and 22 new (unassigned) protein superfamilies, respectively. Most abundant superfamilies were T, W, O1, M, O2, and Z, accounting for 57% of all detected diversity.
  • Darwin Landsnail Diversity Guides

    Darwin Landsnail Diversity Guides

    AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO THE LAND SNAILS OF THE WESTERN GHATS OF INDIA Exotic snails and slugs can be a serious problem because they are often difficult to control and can be locally about 35 Ma. The land-snail fauna of the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka reflects this complex geological history. Gandhinagar Small-scale, casual collecting of empty snail shells is unlikely to have a harmful impact on the environment highly abundant. Many of this region's snail genera and most of the approximately 700 species are endemic to it, indicating that GUJARAT because it involves the removal of only tiny amounts of calcium carbonate from a few highly-localized places. Dinarzarde C. Raheem1, Fred Naggs1, N.A. Aravind2 & Richard C. Preece3 there has been substantial evolutionary diversification within this part of South Asia. Several snail genera such as The collection and preservation of live snails is essential for serious and systematic scientific research, but Next to being asked how to kill garden snails, the question we are most often asked is 'what use are they'? This Photography and image editing Harold Taylor1 Corilla and Acavus are thought to have a history that pre-dates the break-up of Gondwana, but are now largely or should only be carried out as part of such work. implies that the existence of organisms needs to be justified in terms of human values and human exploitation; it entirely restricted to the Western Ghats and/or Sri Lanka. A number of other groups (e.g. the genus Glessula, and is not a view we share.
  • Research Article

    Research Article

    The Journal of Advances in Parasitology Research Article Investigation on Infection of Trematodal Larvae in Snails in Taunggyi and Ayetharyar Areas, Myanmar 1,2 2 2 3 2 MAY JUNE THU , LAT LAT HTUN , SOE SOE WAI , TIN TIN MYAING , SAW BAWM * 1Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan; 2Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar; 3Myanmar Veterinary Association, Myanmar. Abstract | During the study period, a total 1,632 snails belonging to eight species which act as intermediate host(s) of trematodes were collected by hand picking using the time-collection method from near watering points. Among them, 13.2% (216/1,632) snail samples were found to be infected with trematode larvae. Abundance of infected snails was higher in rainy season showing significant relationship with monthly temperature and monthly rainfall. Abundance of infected snails was higher in Taunggyi Township than in Ayetharyar Township. Keywords | Snails, Trematodes’ larvae, Intermediate host, Rainy season, Myanmar Editor | Muhammad Imran Rashid, Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan. Received | December 06, 2015; Revised | January 22, 2016; Accepted | January 25, 2016; Published | March 06, 2016 *Correspondence | Saw Bawm, University of Veterinary Science Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar; Email: [email protected] Citation | Thu MJ, Htun LL, Wai SS, Myaing TT, Bawm S (2016). Investigation on infection of trematodal larvae in snails in Taunggyi and Ayetharyar Areas, Myanmar. J. Adv. Parasitol. 3(1): 16-21. DOI | http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.jap/2016/3.1.16.21 ISSN | 2311-4096 Copyright © 2016 Thu et al.
  • Nominal Taxa of Freshwater Mollusca from Southeast Asia Described by Dr

    Nominal Taxa of Freshwater Mollusca from Southeast Asia Described by Dr

    Ecologica Montenegrina 41: 73-83 (2021) This journal is available online at: www.biotaxa.org/em http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.41.11 https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2ED2B90D-4BF2-4384-ABE2-630F76A1AC54 Nominal taxa of freshwater Mollusca from Southeast Asia described by Dr. Nguyen N. Thach: A brief overview with new synonyms and fixation of a publication date IVAN N. BOLOTOV1,2, EKATERINA S. KONOPLEVA1,2,*, ILYA V. VIKHREV1,2, MIKHAIL Y. GOFAROV1,2, MANUEL LOPES-LIMA3,4,5, ARTHUR E. BOGAN6, ZAU LUNN7, NYEIN CHAN7, THAN WIN8, OLGA V. AKSENOVA1,2, ALENA A. TOMILOVA1, KITTI TANMUANGPAK9, SAKBOWORN TUMPEESUWAN10 & ALEXANDER V. KONDAKOV1,2 1N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russia. 2Northern Arctic Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia. 3CIBIO/InBIO – Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal. 4CIIMAR/CIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal. 5SSC/IUCN – Mollusc Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature, c/o The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, CB2 3QZ Cambridge, United Kingdom. 6North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones St., Raleigh, NC 27601, United States of America 7Fauna & Flora International – Myanmar Programme, Yangon, Myanmar. 8 Department of Zoology, Dawei University, Dawei, Tanintharyi Region, Myanmar.