PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND
2ND PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 2018
Hosted by Victoria University of Wellington and Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme
21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND
CONFERENCE HANDBOOK & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
www.PacificClimateChange2018.nz #pccc2018 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND
We are very grateful for the support of our conference sponsors.
HOSTS
FUNDING FOR PACIFIC ISLANDS PARTICIPATION
PRINCIPAL SPONSORS
SESSION SPONSORS
Climate change media and Materials for Climate Public Lecture: Law as International cooperation after the communication workshop Change Remediation an Activism Strategy Paris Agreement. What makes sense for the Pacific?
Delegation of the European Union to New Zealand
CONFERENCE APP SPONSOR CONFERENCE LANYARD SPONSOR
EXHIBITORS
2 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Welcome
Contents Page Welcome Event Supporters 2
Kia ora, Talofa, and warm Welcome 3 Pacific greetings! It is our Schedule 4 – 12 great pleasure to welcome General Information 13 you to PCCC2018, the 2nd Workshops, Public Lectures 14 – 15 Pacific Climate Change & Social Functions Conference co-hosted by SPREP and VUW. If you Conference Committee 16 are from out of town, welcome also to Wellington, the “coolest little capital”. Our organising committee Keynote Speakers 17 – 20 have put together a really broad, vibrant and exciting Invited Speakers 21 – 23 programme over the three days of the conference, Sponsors Company Profiles 24 – 25 surely something for everyone. Thanks to all the presenters who make the conference the rich mix that it Oral Abstracts 26 – 102 is. A special thanks to our keynote speakers, who have Poster Abstracts 103 – 109
come from far and wide to share their wisdom. Delegate List 110 – 116
Tackling the realities of climate change is what the Venue Floorplan 118 – 119 conference is all about, and one of the key ways of Wellington Map 120 doing that is by communicating – within the conference, and out in our communities. We look forward to hearing your stories as the conference proceeds. By combining Conference Secretariat our knowledge of the science, the impacts, the realities on the ground, and the myriad ways of responding and speaking, we can deepen our collective appreciation Conferences and Events Ltd for what faces us and find new ways of making our PO Box 24078 Manners St collective future. Wellington, New Zealand 6011 Kerry South: +64 (0)21 024 77554 Welcome again, and enjoy the conference! Beatrice Giorgi: +64 (0)20 41239978 Email: [email protected] James Renwick (VUW) and Kosi Latu (SPREP) Website: www.confer.co.nz
His Eminence Cardinal John A. Dew, Archbishop of Wellington His Holiness Pope Francis asks you kindly to convey his warm greetings to all those gathered for the Pacific Climate Change Conference 2018, to be held in Wellington from 21 to 23 February. His Holiness is grateful to all those who organised this important Conference and he offers the assurance of his prayerful support to the participants as they reflect on new ways of protecting our common home. It is his hope that this meeting may strengthen collaboration between individuals and the many groups and agencies committed to building the home which we share, so that “all of us can cooperate as instruments of God for the care of creation, each according to his or her own culture, experience, involvements and talents” (Laudato Si’, 14). To all present on this auspicious occasion, Pope Francis willingly sends his blessings as a pledge of wisdom and grace in the Lord. Cardinal Pietro Parolin Secretary of State
3 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Tuesday 20 February
Pre-Conference Workshops
Rutherford House, Pipitea Campus, Victoria University
Ecosystem-based adaption to climate change across the Pacific 1.30 – 5pm Facilitators: Paul Blaschke, School of Environment, Geography and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Room: LT3 Wellington; David Loubser, Pacific Ecosystem-based Adaptation to Climate Change Programme - Vanuatu Country Manager, SPREP
Engaging Pacific Islands on SRM geoengineering research 2 – 4.30pm Room: RHM202 Facilitators: Andy Parker, Project Director – SRMGI; Penehuro Lefale, Director - LeA International Speakers: Douglas MacMartin, Cornell University; Dr Morgan Wairriu, Deputy Director of USP PACE
Climate change media and communication workshop 2 – 4pm – Supported by New Zealand National Commission for UNESCO Room: RH105 Facilitator: Dacia Herbulock, Senior Media Advisor, Science Media Centre, New Zealand
International cooperation after the Paris Agreement. What makes sense for the Pacific? 2 – 4pm Supported by European Union Delegation to New Zealand Room: MZ02 Facilitator: Adrian Macey, Institute for Governance and Policy Studies; Climate Change Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington
Pre-Conference Public Lecture
Rutherford House, Pipitea Campus, Victoria University, Lecture Theatre 1
Law as an Activism Strategy, Julian Aguon, Associate Professor D. Kapua Sproat, Ani Mikaere 5.30pm – Supported by The New Zealand National Law Foundation
Wednesday 21 February
7am – 5pm Registration open in Oceania (Level 3)
Plenaries
Room Amokura Gallery, Te Papa
7.45am All seated for the opening ceremony
Mihi and Opening Ceremony Mana Whenua, Cardinal John Dew, Vice-Chancellor Professor Grant Guilford, 8 – 9am Minister for Climate Change Issues, Honourable James Shaw, Wellington Mayor Justin Lester, Nina Nawalowalo and The Conch Theatre
9 – 9.45am Opening Keynote Address Honourable Tuila‘epa Dr Sa‘ilele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa
9.45 – 10.30am Keynote Address Emeritus Professor, Will Steffen, Australian National University
10.30 – 11am Morning Tea in Oceania (Level 3)
4 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Wednesday 21 February
Concurrent Sessions
Session Science 1: Modelling Adaptation 1: Politics of climate Pacific Countries and impacts Adaptation strategies change Reporting across the Pacific
Room Amokura Gallery Rangimarie 1 Icon Rangimarie 2
11 – 11.15am INVITED SPEAKER: Climate change Pivotal players: Pacific Pacific countries Global Public Goods adaptation as a islands and the end of reporting on adaption and Climate Change: response to vulnerability the fossil fuel era and mitigation progress implications for the reduction: a critical Wesley Morgan against COP21 targets Pacific examination of the role Co-facilitated by David Frame of aid agencies in Timor- Kosi Latu and Leste James Renwick Hannah Barrowman & Mahendra Kumar
11.15 – 11.30am Earth System Modelling Climate change Sea Change: A new for the Deep South adaptation amongst politics of climate in National Science Samoan tourism Aotearoa Challenge operators: reflections on Bronwyn Hayward Mike Williams the role of culture and traditional governance structures in the process of adaptation Meg Parsons
11.30 – 11.45am Climate change Tau leo mai i Niue: The drivers and victims impacts on islands are Voices from Niue in of New Zealand’s fossil complicated: Evaluating response to climate fuel industry 1.5°C vs 2°C in Pacific change Catherine Cheung & SIDS Jessica Pasisi Jean Kahui Liz Dovey
11.45am – 12pm The role of Living with Change INVITED SPEAKER: anthropogenic forcing in (LivC): A Strategy and Fighting in the courts for extreme rainfall during Implementation Plan a safe climate early March 2014 in for Enhancing the Sarah Thompson Christchurch, New Resilience of Tokelau Zealand Cheryl Anderson Benjamin Nistor
12 – 12.15pm Rapid assessment of Climate change local dredging impacts implications for tropical along the coastal waters Pacific habitats and of Fuailoloo Village, fisheries: vulnerability Samoa and adaptation options Taema Imo-Seuoti Johanna E. Johnson
12.15 – 12.30pm Discussion Discussion Indigenous peoples’ climate change claims Michael Sharp & Nicole Smith
12.30 – 1.30pm Lunch in Oceania (Level 3)
5 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Wednesday 21 February
Plenary
Room Amokura Gallery
1.30 – 2.15pm Keynote Address Prof Michael Mann, Distinguished Professor of Atmospheric Science, Pennsylvania State University
Concurrent Sessions
Session Science 2: Sea level Adaptation 2: The Role of Art in Mitigation and oceanic change Ecosystems and Making Sense of resources Climate Crises
Room Amokura Gallery Rangimarie 1 Icon Rangimarie 2
2.20 – 2.35pm An overview of the An investigation into the INVITED SPEAKER: INVITED SPEAKER NZ CARIM (Coastal access to clean water in Two Environmental Seeking hope in the Acidification: Kiribati Sculpture Projects Aim Anthropocene: How Rate, Impacts and John Edwards & Arwa to Help Mitigate Climate humankind might achieve Management) Al-Bahadly Change deep sustainability programme, with Chris Booth Rod Oram emphasis on Greenshell™ mussel resilience research Norman Ragg
2.35 – 2.50pm Things you didn’t know Effective coastal resource INVITED SPEAKER: about tropical corals and management is critical Mary Shelley’s why we should protect for climate change Frankenstein and the them adaptation in the Pacific Summer of 1816 INVITED SPEAKER: Engaging Pacific Islands Annette Bolton David Welch Heidi Thomson on SRM geoengineering research 2.50 – 3.05pm Sea level trends in the Reefs, Rock and Rubble: Project IKA: Co-collecting North Pacific Ocean Disparate zones of coral- Climate Change in Penehuro Lefale Kai-Ho Cheng reef condition in Port Vila Tokelau reflect varied exposure Rachel Yates to anthropogenic and natural factors Aimée Komugabe- Dixson
3.05 – 3.20pm Sustainability of marine Responding to The Art of Resistance The 2030 Agenda & resources: Past climatic the impacts of (and showing a the Paris Agreement: events and the impacts climate change and music video Reverse Advancing Human Rights on spawning patterns of environmental pressures Resistance) & Adaptation Through Eunice Viridis on Port Vila ecosystems Makerita Urale Hokulea Message of Richard Crichton and communities Malama Honu Paul Blaschke Joshua Cooper
3.20 – 3.35pm Perspectives on oceanic Designing ecosystem- Economate: Life beyond A Snail's Pace: Can change and threats based adaptation projects landfill policy and physiological across the Pacific – a case study of Tanna Katy Cottrell research protect abalone/ Kosi Latu Island, Vanuatu pāua from climate Daniel Ware change? Alyssa Frederick
3.35pm – 3.50pm Discussion A New Way in Niue. A Q & A Samoa: reaching resilient and ecological 100% fossil fuel offset architectural response using sustainable local Anthony Freddie resources Ian Shearer
3.50pm – 4.20pm Afternoon tea in Oceania (Level 3)
6 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Wednesday 21 February
Concurrent Sessions
Session Science 3: Climate Adaptation 3: Risk, Adaptation and Religion Waka Session 1 variability and Hazards, and responses prediction
Room Amokura Gallery Rangimarie 1 Icon Rangimarie 2
4.20 – 4.50pm INVITED SPEAKER: Exploring sustainable Adaptation to Climate Indigenous navigators Drought, flood and sea alternatives to mass change in Pacific Island speak on ocean health level rise: climate change migration: lessons learned Countries and climate crisis and the Pacific from low-lying islands in Graham Hassall John Misky James Renwick the Philippines (Mata O Ali’i Trust) Ma. Laurice Jamero & Tina Ngata Richard Crichton (Ta Matau a Maui)
4.35 – 4.50pm If it's not risk informed, Land Acquisition as Marcus Erikson it's not sustainable: a Tool for Facilitating (5 Gyres) harnessing local Retreat from Rising development decisions to Seas: Perspectives from address climate risk in the Adelaide, South Australia Pacific region John Watson Rebecca McNaught
4.50 – 5.05pm The co-production of Adaptation for changing Climate change and the natural hazard impact and dynamic climate risks French South Pacific forecasting in the Pacific Judy Lawrence overseas territories: what Kate Crowley are the French policy and action plan? Christian Dadomo
5.05 – 5.20pm Delivering on the Global Perceptions INVITED SPEAKER: Framework for Climate of Community, Adaptation to Sea Level Services in the Pacific Responsibility, and Rise in NZ Law Alan Porteous Risk among Pacific Catherine Iorns Island Climate Magallanes Change Professionals: Implications for Adaptation Laura Brewington
5.20 – 5.35pm The South Pacific Forecast-based Financing Climate Change and Convergence Zone and of disaster preparedness Churches in Tonga: South Pacific Climate, in the Pacific: Challenges Factors Hampering a Past and Future and opportunities Unified Response Tom Harvey Tricia Wilden Laiseni Liavaa
5.35 – 5.50pm Discussion Tim Grafton (Chief A religious and moral Executive, Insurance perspective on Climate Council of NZ) change in NZ and the Pacific John Howell & John Kleinsman
Pasifika Conference Dinner
6.45pm - Late Te Marae (Level 4 – Te Papa Tongarewa) – performance beginning at 7pm
7 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Thursday 22 February
8am – 5pm Registration open in Oceania (Level 3)
Plenaries
Room Amokura Gallery
8.30 – 9.15am Keynote Address Dr Patila Malua-Amosa, Dean, Faculty of Science, National University of Samoa
Keynote Address Professor Dan Nocera, Patterson Rockwood Professor of Energy in the Department of 9.15 – 10am Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University
10 – 10.30am Morning Tea in Oceania (Level 3)
Concurrent Sessions
Session Indigenous Voices, Adaptation 4: Materials for Climate Economic and financial Youth and Resistance Community Change Remediation 1 challenges engagement Supported by The MacDiarmid Institute
Room Amokura Gallery Rangimarie 1 Icon Rangimarie 2
10.30 – 10.45am Global Youth Responses “Neither rain nor snow Materials to enable the Climate change finance to Climate Change nor heat” – Lessons for solar revolution challenges in the Pacific Joshua Thompson, Aotearoa from the US Justin Hodgkiss Espen Ronneberg Jasveen Brar & Cade Postal Service’s Climate Terada Change Adaptation Strategy Matt Raeburn
10.45 – 11am Co-designing a youth Local Communities Lead learning centre with the Way: Adaptation youth in Betio, Kiribati: and mitigation to climate covert adaptation change in the Pacific through inspirational Teresa Thorp architecture Rebecca Kiddle, David Kakiakia, Amiria Kiddle & Rick Steele
11 – 11.15am Epistemologies of Increased renewable Design the Solar Cells of Accessing and managing Environmental Change energy in Pacific Islands the Future climate change finance in in the Pacific: Indigenous can enhance resilience Joshua Sutton the Pacific region Knowledges, Science Tony Weir Lisa Buggy and Policy John Overton
11.15 – 11.30am Indigenous Voices Climate change and Photocatalytic generation At the Very Edge of a Hemaima Wiremu the New Zealand wine of hydrogen, the ultimate Storm: The Impact of a industry: Winegrower ‘green’ fuel, from water Distant Cyclone on Atoll perspectives on impacts Sally Brooker Islands and adaptation Tauisi Taupo Alyssa Ryan & Kelli Archie
11.30 – 11.45am Training tomorrow’s Making sense of societal Adapting Trade: Climate climate leaders: transformations in view Change and Commerce University of California of climate change: in the Pacific Irvine’s Climate Action examples from a focus Genevieve Neilson Training Program group study in Fiji Alyssa Frederick Victoria Wibeck
11.45am – 12pm Discussion Resilience and Councils Fungal Diseases and Investor action on – what local Government Climate Change – New climate change can do tools to study hyphal Arti Prasad Celia Wade-Brown invasion Volker Nock
8 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Thursday 22 February
12pm – 12.45pm Lunch in Oceania (Level 3)
Plenary
Room Amokura Gallery
12.45 – 1.30pm Keynote Address Sir Geoffrey Palmer, Distinguished Fellow, Faculty of Law, Victoria University
1.30 – 2.15pm Keynote Address Julian Aguon, Founder of Blue Ocean Law & Dr D.Kapua Sproat, Acting Director of Ka Huli Ao Center for Excellence in Native Hawaiian Law and the Director of the Environmental Law Clinic, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
Concurrent Sessions
Session Law 1: Paris Adaptation 5: Pacific Materials for Climate Migration and Agreement and Community Change Remediation 2 Displacement international Law on Resilience Supported by The climate change MacDiarmid Institute
Room Amokura Gallery Rangimarie 1 Icon Rangimarie 2
2.20 – 2.35pm The role of non-state Community Resilience in What we do when the Climate change, actors after the Paris Vanuatu: Integrated and sun doesn’t shine migration and Agreement financially sustainable Thomas Nann displacement in the Adrian Macey coastal management pacific: perspectives Rowan Dixon from the red cross red crescent movement Ezekiel Simperingham
2.35 – 2.50pm Building Adaptive Climate-induced Capacity to Climate migration: where to from Change in Fisheries here for Pacific nations? Communities and Safua Akeli Fisheries Resources in Micronesia Cheryl Anderson
2.50 – 3.05pm From Paris to the Pacific Pacific Views on Aluminium ion batteries Climate change Islands - What does Community Resilience to Shalini Divya challenges to society and the Paris Agreement on Disasters culture in Pacific Island Climate Change mean Cristina Parra countries for the Pacific Islands? Tony Weir Ian McGregor
3.05 – 3.20pm Negotiating a climate Strengthening resilience CO2 sequestering Climate Change consensus, and regional to climate change Observations in the in Pacific Islands Shane Telfer coalition behaviour of Countries and Territories: Pacific Pacific Island states lessons-learnt from the Hon Aupito Tofae Su’a Salā George Carter RESCCUE project Sio Jean-Baptiste Marre
3.20 – 3.35pm INVITED SPEAKER: Climate Change and Rising global sea levels Kaitiakitanga in Early and the importance of the Childhood Education in Paris Climate Agreement Aotearoa (New Zealand) for Pacific Nations Jenny Ritchie Tim Naish
3.35 – 3.50pm Discussion The Link between Combatting climate The role of climate Environmental change through change and ecosystem Degradation and Climate services in the migration technology – the role of decisions of Marshallese Disruption in the Pacific superconductivity Islanders Szilvia Csevár Stuart Wimbush Juno Fitzpatrick
3.50pm – 4.20pm Afternoon tea in Oceania (Level 3)
9 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Thursday 22 February
Concurrent Sessions
Session Law 2: International Adaptation 6: Tools The Role of Art in Waka Session 2 Law responses to and engagement for Making the Invisible climate issues adaptation Visible
Room Amokura Gallery Rangimarie 1 Icon Rangimarie 2
4.20 – 4.35pm Ocean Acidification Moving from Phase One Visualising and Indigenous navigators Post-Paris: Gauging Law to Two: Mātauranga performing climate speak on ocean health and Policy Responses Māori, Art, Design, change: Pacific artists’ and climate crisis in Light of Emerging Ecological Economics imagery of climate Peia Patai Scientific Projections and Climate Change change (Okeanos Foundation) Science Cecilia Engler Meg Parsons & Cilla Raihania Tipoki Huhana Smith Brown (Te Matau a Maui) 4.35 – 4.50pm Renewable Energy for Co-creating Visual Tools Art, Climate Complexity Schannel Van Dijken Mitigation and Adaptation for Adaptation Action and Communities: The (Samoa Voyaging Measures in the northern Unseen Society and Conservation Stephen Flood International) Pacific SIDS in response Gabby O’Connor to Climate Change Riyad Mucadam
4.50 – 5.05pm INVITED SPEAKER: Co-production of climate Shaping a Safe Climate Future Bases for Action research for resource Future: The Role of the management: The role of Arts to Protect Low Lying Atoll intermediate-modelers in Nations translating downscaled Sarah Meads, Gabby Alberto Costi climate data in the Pacific O’Connor, Mīria George Islands & Michael Tuffery Victoria Keener
5.05 – 5.20pm The Global Pact for Manase Beach Environment: Organizing Replenishment Savai’i, to Realize Earth & Samoa Human Rights in Oceania Peter Quilter Joshua Cooper
5.20 – 5.35pm The Insufficiencies of A conceptual framework International Law: How for resilient development contemporary legal in the Pacific Islands frameworks and climate Viliamu Iese change threaten Pacific sovereignty, statehood and exclusive economic zones Kya Lal
Poster Presentation Reception
5.35 – 7pm Oceania
Public Lecture
Amokura Gallery, Te Papa
7 – 8.30pm Michael Mann in conversation with Kim Hill
10 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Friday 23 February
8am – 4.20pm Registration open in Oceania (Level 3)
Plenaries
Room Amokura Gallery
Keynote Address Professor Elisabeth Holland, Professor of Climate Change, Pacific Center for Environment 9 – 9.45am and Sustainable Development, University of the South Pacific
9.45 – 10.30am Keynote Address Aroha Te Pareake Mead, Independent Researcher
10.30 – 11am Morning Tea in Oceania (Level 3)
Concurrent Sessions
Session Activism 1: Adaptation Māori approaches Adaptation 7: Open session and Resistance Ecosystems and Possibilities resources II
Room Amokura Gallery Rangimarie 1 Icon Rangimarie 2
11 – 11.15am Consciousness and Climate resilient Exploring the livelihood Climate Change and social transformation Māori land investment outcomes of planned Churches in Tonga: decisions to enhance relocation through two Catherine Murupaenga- prosperity Factors Hampering a case studies from Vanua Unified Response Ikenn Shaun Awatere, Tui Warmenhoven & Pia Levu, Fiji Laiseni Liavaa Pohatu Annah Piggott-mckellar
11.15 – 11.30am Collective Action on Ecosystem-based The multiple roles of Climate - Election 2017: adaptation planning on Blue Carbon Habitat Experience from the Aid the garden island of management in assisting Coalition Campaign Taveuni, Fiji Pacific countries Paula Feehan, Carsten Herman Timmermans address their Nationally Bockemuehl, Murray Determined Contributions Sheard & Shona David Loubser Jennings
11.30 – 11.45am Nā Waʻa Mauō, Urutau: How Māori Utilising Marine Acting in Times of Canoe Sustainability: coastal papakainga Protected Areas to Disaster: The sources Perpetuating our kupuna recognise indigenous Facilitate Climate and technical medium of practices using outrigger self-determination and Change Adaptation: information that people canoes in marine build capacity to the Tales from the Pacific trust Ioana resource management effects of climate change Achinthi Vithanage Chan Mow Hokuokahalelani Sophia Olo-Whaanga Pihana, Qiyamah Williams & Rosa Motta
11.45am – 12pm INVITED SPEAKER: He Korowai o Matainaka/ Pacific engagement Addressing climate Youth, climate change The cloak of Matainaka. and the Framework for change in Tongan and the future of learning Traditional Ecological Resilient Development in secondary schools Anya Bukholt-payne Knowledge in climate the Pacific (FRDP) Elisapesi Havea change adaptation Tagaloa Cooper-Halo Lynette Carter
12 – 12.15pm Discussion Geothermal resource Gender, culture, and the potential of the Pacific SDGs: what this means Islands: opportunities for for the 10-year-old girl on sustainable development Tanna island (Vanuatu) Greg Bignall Rachel England
12.15 – 12.30pm Discussion Discussion Discussion
12.30 – 1.15pm Lunch in Oceania (Level 3)
11 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Friday 23 February
Plenary
Room Amokura Gallery
1.15 – 2.15pm Keynote Address Mana Wahine Panel – Associate Professor Leonie Pihama, Dr Naomi Simmonds, Assistant Professor Tłaliłila’ogwa (Sarah Hunt), Associate Professor Huhana Smith
Concurrent Sessions
Session Climate Change and the Media Adaptation 8: Adaptation and Security Issues engineering
Room Amokura Gallery Rangimarie 1 Icon
2.20 – 2.35pm INVITED SPEAKER Ecosystem-based adaptation Climate Change and State Climate change and the media: a projects for Port Vila and Honiara Sovereignty: A Security issue for reporter's perspective to address Melanesia’s wicked Tuvalu Jamie Morton urban resilience challenges Lagipoiva Cherelle Jackson Paul Blaschke & Beth Toki
2.35 – 2.50pm Critical Infrastructure Resilience Climate change: magnifying threats to Climate Change - Lessons to human security and peace in the Learned from the Pacific South Pacific Bapon Fakhruddin James Cox
2.50 – 3.05pm Bearing Witness 2017: Phase 2 of Public Response to Climate Climate crisis, corporate a Pacific climate change journalism Engineering in the Global South imaginaries and creative self- project case study Pam Feetham destruction David Robie Christopher Wright
3.05 – 3.20pm Communicating Climate Futures Development of guidance for Maintaining Self-Determination in Shaun Hendy coastal protection works in Pacific Climate Change Relocation island countries Nathan Ross Tom Shand & Matt Blacka 3.20 – 3.35pm The role of Pacific media in the Connecting Climate Change and Voice of the Pacific at FCCC Militarisation in the Marianas Nanette Woonton Archipelago Sylvia Frain
3.35 – 3.50pm Staying Afloat in Paradise: Climate Discussion Discussion change journalism in the Pacific Lagipoiva10% CONFERENCE DISCOUNT Cherelle Jackson Please show this digital voucher at Vic Books Kelburn & Pipitea 3.50 – 4.45pm Conference Closure and Next Steps: Kosi Latu, Director General of Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environmentcampus Programmebookshops (SPREP); point of Prof sale James to redeem Renwick, your Professor 10% conference of Physical Geography, Victoria University of Wellingtondiscount. Farewell Blessing – Mana Whenua Valid from Wednesday, February 21st – Saturday, February 24th
10% CONFERENCE DISCOUNT
Please show this digital voucher at Vic Books Kelburn & Pipitea campus bookshops point of sale to redeem your 10% conference discount.
Valid from Wednesday, February 21st – Saturday, February 24th
12 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND General Information
Conference and Dinner Venue Presenters Te Papa Tongarewa - Museum of New Zealand Please bring your presentation on a USB data drive to 55 Cable Street, Wellington the AV technician or volunteer located in the room you are presenting in at least 2 breaks before you are due to Tel: +64 4 381 7000 present. Loading occurs during breaks.
Registration and Information Desk Smoking The registration desk will open outside Amokura Gallery Te Papa is a smoke-free venue. Smokers are asked to (Level 4, Te Papa) on Wednesday 21 February at 7am. leave the building before lighting up. From 10am. The registration and information desk will be located inside Oceania on Level 3 of the museum. Storage of Luggage The registration desk will be open: There will also be a space by the conference registration desk to store your luggage. Wednesday 21 February 7.00am – 6.00pm Thursday 22 February 8.00am – 7.00pm Lost and Found Friday 23 February 8.00am – 4.45pm Head to the Information Desk in Oceania or to the Te The desk will be open throughout the conference for Papa Information Desk on Level 3. enquiries, account payments and messages. You can contact the conference managers on 020 412 39978 for any conference enquiries. Taxis and Shuttles Wellington Airport is a 20-minute drive away from Te Accommodation Papa. The average cost of a taxi will be around $35 and the cost of a shuttle will be approximately $20 per person. Please ensure you settle your account in full on departure with the hotel reception, including all meals, telephone To travel with GreenCabs, please book a taxi calling calls and mini bar charges. No accounts can be charged 0800 GO GREEN (0800 46 47336) or +64 4 555 0033. to the Conference. New Zealand owned and operated, Green Cabs was founded on the Evaluation of the Conference principles of sustainability, An electronic online evaluation will be emailed to you affordability and quality. As a result, they offer after the conference. Your feedback will help us evaluate environmentally conscientious fares. GreenCabs ensures and plan for future events. that a portion of every fare taken is supporting local and global initiatives in revegetation, sustainability, education Help! and conservation for the future. If you require assistance, any staff member at the conference registration desk will be more than happy to Tea Breaks and Lunches help you. Volunteers and Committee members can be Tea breaks and lunches will be served in Oceania on identified by their name badges. Level 3 of the Museum. The caterers have been advised of special dietary Messages and Phones requirements. If you requested a special diet in advance Messages received for participants will be put on the this will be available for you and labelled accordingly. noticeboard by the information desk. Vegetarian options will be available on the main buffet. We kindly request you turn off, or set your mobile phone to silent, during conference sessions. Disclaimer of Liability The conference organising committee reserves the right Name Badges to amend any part of the programme or event should it be necessary. Badge security is in place throughout the conference. Please wear your name badge at all times to prevent being asked for identification. Rooms/ Levels Amokura Gallery – Level 4 Icon – Level 2 Interview or Meeting Room Rangimarie 1,2,3, - Level 3 Oceania – Level 3 Rangimarie 3 is available by booking at the Information Desk.
13 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Workshops, Public Lectures & Social Functions
PASIFIKA CONFERENCE DINNER POSTER SESSION RECEPTION When: Wednesday 21st February 6.45pm – late When: Thursday 22nd February, 5.30pm - 7.00pm Where: Te Marae, Te Papa Tongarewa Where: Oceania Gallery, Level 4 Te Papa Tongarewa Join us in celebrating the conference opening day at We invite you to attend a Poster Session Reception. the Pasifika Conference Dinner where there will be a Drinks and canapes will be served. performance, Pasifika buffet dinner and a complimentary beverage. A cash bar will be available. Please note, The Pasifika Conference Dinner is sold out. If you wish to be included in the waiting list, please contact the event organisers at [email protected] or at the information desk.
PRE-CONFERENCE WORKSHOPS PIPITEA CAMPUS MAP When: February 20th, afternoon Where: Workshops will be hosted by Victoria University of Wellington (Pipitea Campus), PIPITEA CAMPUS Rutherford House, 33 Bunny St, Wellington 6011
Ecosystem-based adaption to climate change across the Pacific Time: 1.30pm - 5.00pm Room: MZ05/06 Facilitators: Paul Blaschke, School of Environment, Geography and Earth Sciences, Victoria University; David Loubser, Pacific Ecosystem-based Adaptation to Climate Change Programme - Vanuatu Country Manager, Engaging Pacific Islands on SRM SPREP geoengineering research Time: 2.00pm-4.30pm Climate change media and Room: RHM202 communication workshop Facilitators: Andy Parker, Project Director – SRMGI; Time: 2.00pm-4.30pm Penehuro Lefale, Director - LeA International Room: RH105 Speakers: Douglas MacMartin, Cornell University; Facilitator: Dacia Herbulock, Senior Media Advisor at Dr Morgan Wairriu, Deputy Director of USP PACE the Science Media Centre The Climate change media and communication workshop International cooperation after the Paris is supported by New Zealand National Commission for UNESCO Agreement. What makes sense for the Pacific? Time: 2.00pm-4.00pm Room: MZ01 Facilitators: Adrian Macey, Institute for Governance and Policy Studies; Climate Change Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington The International cooperation after the Paris Agreement. What makes sense for the Pacific? is supported by European Union Delegation to New Zealand Delegation of the European Union to New Zealand 14 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Workshops, Public Lectures & Social Functions
PUBLIC LECTURES The following public lectures are part of the Pacific Climate Change Conference and are open to the public at no cost. An RSVP is not required.
Law as an Activism Strategy Michael Mann in conversation Julian Aguon, Kapua Sproat, Ani Mikaere with Kim Hill When: Tuesday 20th February, 5.30pm - 7.30pm When: Thursday 22nd February, 7.00pm – 8.30pm Where: Lecture Theatre 1, Rutherford Where: Amokura Gallery, Level 4 Te Papa Tongarewa, House, Bunny Street, Wellington 55 Cable Street Supported by The New Zealand National Law Foundation Prof Michael Mann Distinguished Professor of Atmospheric Julian Aguon Science, Pennsylvania State University Founder, Blue Ocean Law Michael is the author of several books Julian Aguon is the founder and visionary including his most recent work, The behind Blue Ocean Law, a progressive Madhouse Effect, which features cartoons by Pulitzer law firm that operates at the forefront Prize-winning political cartoonist Tom Toles. Through of contemporary international law while remaining satire, “The Madhouse Effect” portrays the intellectual rooted in respect for the myriad peoples of the Pacific pretzels into which denialists must twist logic to explain region. Devoted to breaking new ground in the areas of away the clear evidence that man-made activity has international human rights and environmental law, Julian, changed our climate. a native son of Guam, is a United Nations-recognised expert on the international law of self-determination. In addition to his role at Penn State, Michael has joint appointments in the Department of Geosciences and the Assoc Prof D. Kapua’ala Sproat Earth and Environmental Systems Institute (EESI). He Associate Professor & Director of the Native is also director of the Penn State Earth System Science Hawaiian Law Center Center (ESSC). Prof Kapua Sproat is Director of the Environmental Law Clinic, Acting Director of the Ka Huli Ao Center for Excellence in Native Hawaiian Law, and an Associate Professor of Law at the William S. Richardson School of Law at the University of Hawaii. She teaches courses in Native Hawaiian Law, Environmental Law, and Legal Research and Writing. In addition to her teaching, Prof Sproat assists with all aspects of Ka Huli Ao’s program work, including Native Hawaiian student recruitment and retention, community outreach and education, and fund development.
Ani Mikaere Kaihautū Whakatupu Mātauranga at Te Wānanga o Raukawa Ani Mikaere is from Ngāti Raukawa and Ngāti Porou. She lectured in law at Auckland and Waikato universities for 14 years before taking up a position in 2001 at the iwi-founded tertiary education institution, Te Wānanga o Raukawa. Its programmes seek to contribute to Māori survival through language revitalisation, and through the revival and adaptation of traditional knowledge to meet contemporary challenges. In 2016 she was awarded Te Kāurutanga, a degree conferred by the founding iwi of Te Wānanga o Raukawa (Te Āti Awa, Ngāti Raukawa, Ngāti Toa Rangatira). 15 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Conference Committee
Conference Committee Conference Convenors
Luamanuvao Winnie Laban Prof James Renwick Assistant Vice-Chancellor (Pasifika), Victoria University of Professor of Physical Geography, Victoria University of Wellington Wellington James is fascinated by the general Alberto Costi circulation of the atmosphere – how the Associate Professor, School of Law of Victoria University atmosphere transports energy and of Wellington momentum and what it does to achieve this. In recent years, James developed Catherine Iorns Magallanes an interest in Antarctic climate, especially Reader, School of Law of Victoria University of Wellington the growth and decay of Antarctic sea ice. How does the atmospheric circulation (the wind) affect sea ice Shelagh Magadza extent? How this can be tied back to tropical Artistic Director, New Zealand Festival influences? James is also involved with climate prediction work, Pala Molisa from months to centuries, having worked with the Lecturer, School of Accounting and Commercial Law of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change process Victoria University of Wellington for several years, and speaking regularly to the media on climate change issues.
Kosi Latu Director General of Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) Leota Kosi Latu is the director general of the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). With 26 member nations on board, SPREP has the vital task of coordinating Connecting Aotearoa-New Zealand to members’ activities at a regional level in UNESCO and the world by the fostering order to manage and protect their environment within and sharing of ideas. the context of sustainable development. to building the knowledge Leota stepped into the role in January 2016 after Contributing seven years as deputy director general, and prior to and capabilities needed to ensure a this was manager of the United Nations Office for better future for all. Project Services Financial Compliance Programme based in Fiji. The proud Samoan has a background in international environmental law, law of the sea and financial compliance. Although his career has largely been centred in Samoa, Leota also spent 11 years in working in legal branches of the Commonwealth Secretariat in London.
With extra special thanks to: Gail Ah-Hi, Victoria University of Wellington Trudy Lagolago, Victoria University of Wellington Jolene Williams, Victoria University of Wellington
www.unesco.org.nz
16 UNE 0270 Climate Change Conference Programme Ad_01.indd 1 12/02/2018 12:03:46 p.m. PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Keynote Speakers
Honourable Tuila‘epa Dr Sa‘ilele Malielegaoi Prof Michael Mann Prime Minister of Samoa Distinguished Professor of Atmospheric Science, Opening Keynote address - Wednesday 21 February Pennsylvania State University 2018, 9.00am Amokura Gallery Keynote address - Wednesday 21 February, Tuila‘epa Dr Sa‘ilele Malielegaoi, Samoa’s 1.30pm Amokura Gallery longest serving Prime Minister, was one of Professor Mann is the author of several the leading Pacific Island voices at the books including his most recent work, The Climate Change Conference that led to the Madhouse Effect, which features cartoons Paris Agreement in December 2015. He by Pulitzer Prize-winning political cartoonist continues to play a key role in the Tom Toles. Through satire, “The Madhouse international fight to mitigate and reduce the effects of Effect” portrays the intellectual pretzels into anthropogenic climate change. Samoa aims to achieve which denialists must twist logic to explain away the clear 20 percent carbon neutrality by 2030 and 100 percent evidence that man-made activity has changed our renewable energy in power generation, and has climate. developed a number of solar energy arrays and biofuel In addition to his role at Pennsylvania State University, projects to achieve these ambitious goals. Michael has joint appointments in the Department of Geosciences and the Earth and Environmental Systems Prof Will Steffen Institute (EESI). He is also director of the Penn State Emeritus Professor, Australian National University Earth System Science Center (ESSC). Keynote address - Wednesday 21st February 2018, 9.45am Amokura Gallery Dr Patila Malua-Amosa Professor Steffen is an Earth System Dean, Faculty of Science, National University of Samoa scientist. He is a Councillor on the publicly Keynote Address - Thursday 22nd February 2018, funded Climate Council of Australia that 8.30am Amokura Gallery delivers independent expert information Dr Amosa is a senior lecturer in about climate change, an Emeritus Environmental Science and Dean, Faculty Professor at the Australian National of Science at the National University of University (ANU); Canberra, a Senior Fellow at the Samoa. She has contributed to pre-tertiary Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden; and a Fellow at and tertiary education through curriculum the Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Stockholm. development, setting national and regional He is also an Adjunct Professor at the University of examinations and conducting in-service training for Canberra, working with the Canberra Urban and Regional science teachers. With Climate Change impacts evident Futures (CURF) program, and is a member of the ACT in both fresh and marine resources of island communities, Climate Change Council. He is chair of the jury for the Dr Amosa’s areas of research have focused on chemical Volvo Environment Prize; a member of the International and microbiological assessment of water resources in Advisory Board for the Centre for Collective Action Samoa and marine biogeochemistry, particularly on the Research, Gothenburg University, Sweden; and a impacts of ocean acidification on the dissolution of member of the Anthropocene Working Group of the Sub- biogenic skeletons. committee on Quaternary Stratigraphy. From 1998 to mid-2004, Professor Steffen served as Executive Director of the International Geosphere- Biosphere Programme, based in Stockholm, Sweden. His research interests span a broad range within the fields of climate and Earth System science, with an emphasis on incorporation of human processes in Earth System modelling and analysis; and on sustainability and climate change.
17 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Keynote Speakers
Prof Dan Nocera Environment, Deputy Prime Minister and Prime Minister. Patterson Rockwood Professor of Energy in the Sir Geoffrey is a Distinguished Fellow of the New Zealand Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard Centre for Public Law and the Law Faculty at the Victoria University University of Wellington. He has an extensive list of Keynote Address - Thursday 22nd February 2018, publications in legal periodicals and is the author or co- 9.15am Amokura Gallery author of 12 books. Professor Nocera is a leading researcher in renewable energy. He accomplished the Julian Aguon solar fuels process of photosynthesis–the Founder of Blue Ocean Law splitting of water to hydrogen and oxygen Keynote Address - Thursday 22nd February 2018, using sunlight and translated this science to 1.30pm Amokura Gallery produce the artificial leaf, which was named by Time magazine as Innovation of the Year for 2011. He Julian Aguon is the founder and visionary has since elaborated this invention to accomplish a behind Blue Ocean Law, a progressive law complete artificial photosynthesic cycle. To do so, he firm that operates at the forefront of created the bionic leaf, which uses the hydrogen from that contemporary international law while artificial leaf and carbon dioxide from air to make biomass remaining rooted in respect for the myriad and liquid fuels. peoples of the Pacific region. Devoted to breaking new ground in the areas of international human His bionic leaf, which was named by Scientific rights and environmental law, Julian, a native son of American and the World Economic Forum as the Guam, is a United Nations-recognised expert on the Breakthrough Technology for 2017, performs artificial international law of self-determination. Licensed to photosynthesis that is 10 times more efficient than practice law in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the natural photosynthesis. These science discoveries set Republic of Palau, and Guam, Julian has served as a course for the large-scale deployment of solar energy attorney of record, legal advisor, and/or consultant to the in a distributed fashion, especially for those in the Guam Legislature, the Association of Pacific Island emerging world. His research contributions in renewable Legislatures, the Pacific Island Health Officers energy have been recognized by several awards, Association, the Local Atoll Governments of Rongelap some of which include the Leigh Ann Conn Prize for and Utrik, the NMD Corporation of the Commonwealth of Renewable Energy, Eni Prize, IAPS Award, Burghausen the Northern Marianas, the Federated States of Prize, Elizabeth Wood Award and the United Nation’s Micronesia-based Micronesian Shipping Commission, the Science and Technology Award and from the American Fiji-based Pacific Network on Globalisation, and other Chemical Society the Inorganic Chemistry, Harrison civil society organizations in the Pacific and Europe. Howe. Kosolapoff and Remsen Awards. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the U.S. Julian Aguon’s visit is funded by the New National Academy of Sciences and the Indian Academy Zealand Law Foundation of Sciences. He is Editor-in-Chief of Chemical Science and is a frequent guest on TV and radio, and is regularly featured in print. He founded the energy company Sun Prof D. Kapua Sproat Catalytix and its technology is now being commercialized Acting Director of Ka Huli Ao Center for Excellence in by Lockheed Martin. Native Hawaiian Law and the Director of the Environmental Law Clinic, University of Prof Nocera’s visit is founded by Hawaiʻi at Mānoa The MacDiarmid Institute Keynote Address - Thursday 22nd February 2018, 1.30pm Amokura Gallery Sir Geoffrey Palmer In addition to her directorships, Professor Distinguished Fellow, Faculty of Law, Victoria University Spoat is a Associate Professor of Law at the of Wellington William S. Richardson School of Law at the Keynote Address - Thursday 22nd February 2018, University of Hawaii. She teaches courses 12.45pm Amokura Gallery in Native Hawaiian Law, Environmental Law, Born in Nelson, Sir Geoffrey Palmer QC and Legal Research and Writing. In addition was a law professor in the United States to her teaching, Prof Sproat assists with all aspects of Ka and New Zealand before entering New Huli Ao’s program work, including Native Hawaiian Zealand politics as the MP for Christchurch student recruitment and retention, community outreach Central in 1979. and education, and fund development. Her work for the Environmental Law Clinic involves supervising law In Parliament he held the offices of Attorney-General, students research and undertake real environmental law Minister of Justice, Leader of the House, Minister for the
18 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Keynote Speakers
cases, with a focus on indigenous rights. Her areas of Professor Holland is a Leopold Fellow, led USP’s scholarship and interest include Native Hawaiian law, delegation to support eight Pacific governments in indigenous rights, and natural resource protection and negotiating the Paris Agreement, served as a professor management. at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry in Prior to joining the faculty, Professor Sproat spent nine Jena Germany, and Senior Scientist and leader of the years as an attorney in the Hawai‘i office of Earthjustice, a Interdisciplinary Biogeosciences Program at the National national, public interest environmental litigation firm. She Centre for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, litigated state and federal cases under the Endangered US. Species Act, Clean Water Act, State Water Code, and various Hawai‘i environmental laws, including the ground- Aroha Te Pareake Mead breaking litigation to return diverted stream flows to public Independent Researcher trust and other community uses, including traditional Hawaiian agriculture and aquaculture. Keynote Address - Friday 23rd February 2018, 9.45am Amokura Gallery In 2016, she published an article in Stanford Environmental Law Journal on “An Indigenous People’s Aroha Te Pareake Mead is an independent Right to Environmental Self-Determination: Native researcher from Ngāti Awa and Ngāti Porou Hawaiians and the Struggle Against Climate Change (Māori), Aotearoa New Zealand. She has Devastation”. We have invited Professor Sproat to speak been involved in Māori and indigenous bio- on her article on the effects of climate change on Native cultural heritage and conservation issues for Hawaiian culture. Prof Sproat has agreed to also give a over 30 years at local, national, Pacific public lecture on the evening before the conference starts regional and international levels and has published with Julian Aguon and Ani Mikaere. extensively in these fields. She is currently on the Kahui Māori for the Deep South Climate Change National Prof Sproat’s visit is funded by the New Science Challenge, the Karanga Aotearoa Repatriation Zealand Law Foundation Advisory Panel of Te Papa and member of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) Expert Technical Prof Elisabeth Holland Working Group on Diverse Conceptualisation of Values of Professor of Climate Change, Pacific Center for Nature and Ecosystems. Environment and Sustainable Development, University of Her past work includes being Chair of the IUCN the South Pacific Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Keynote Address - Friday 23rd February 2018, 9.00am Policy (CEESP) 2008-2016, Chair of the Board of the Amokura Gallery Indigenous Peoples Climate Change Assessment 2010- Professor Elisabeth Holland is the Director 2017, Director and Senior Lecturer of the Māori Business of the Pacific Center for Environment and Unit, Victoria University 2000-2015, Policy Manager, Sustainable Development (PaCE-SD), and Cultural Heritage and Indigenous Issues Unit, Te Puni the University of the South Pacific’s Kokiri 1996-2004 and Foreign Policy Convenor, National Professor of Climate Change. Professor Māori Congress 1991-2003. Holland is passionate about working collaboratively with communities, and networks of practice Assoc Prof Leonie Pihama to support climate resilient development practices that Director of Te Kotahi Research Institute at the University protect the health of the Pacific’s Big Ocean States of Waikato (BOS). She and her team have worked in 160 Mana Wahine Panel - Friday 23rd February 2018, communities in 15 Pacific Island countries: Cook Islands, 1.15pm Amokura Gallery Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Republic of the Marshall Associate Professor Pihama is a mother of Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor-L’este, Tonga, six and a grandmother of four. She is the Tuvalu, and Vanuatu. Director of Te Kotahi Research Institute at the University of Waikato. Leonie is a Before coming to USP, Professor Holland was leading kaupapa Māori educator and internationally recognised for her work in the Earth researcher and recipient of both the Hohua System. She is an author of four of the five IPCC reports Tūtengaehe Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship and the having served as a US, German and Fiji representative Ngā Pou Senior Research Fellow (Health Research and a co-recipient of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize for her Council). She has completed a Fulbright Scholarship with contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate the University of Washington, and in 2015, she was Change (IPCC). awarded the New Zealand Association for Research in With a career spanning more than three decades, Education (NZARE) ‘Te Tohu Pae Tāwhiti Award’, for
19 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Keynote Speakers excellence in Māori Educational Research. Associate Associate Professor Huhana Smith Professor Pihama has extensive expertise connecting her Mana Wahine Panel - Friday 23rd February 2018, to a wide range of communities and iwi, which enables 1.15pm Amokura Gallery, Massey Unversity her to relate to people throughout Aotearoa New Zealand. She has served on the Māori Health Committee for the Associate Professor Smith is a visual artist, Health Research council and on a number of key boards curator, principle investigator and Head of including Māori Television and Te Māngai Pāho, and was School of Art Whiti o Rehua, Massey recently appointed to the Board for Ngā Pae o te Unversity, Wellington. Since 1995, she has Māramatanga. engaged in major environmental projects with her iwi and hapū. She has led collaborative, multidisciplinary, kaupapa Māori and action- Dr Naomi Simmonds research projects, which investigate freshwater decline Assistant Professor, University of Waikato into the marine for Māori water/coastal lands and related Mana Wahine Panel - Friday 23rd February 2018, biodiversity. More recently, the research addresses 1.15pm Amokura Gallery climate change concerns for coastal Horowhenua to Dr Simmonds is a lecturer at the University Kāpiti regions. Mātauranga Māori methods are used to of Waikato. She is also a Research supplement art and design’s visual systems and scientific Associate with Te Kotahi Research Institute data. When combined in exhibitions as research and is engaged in a range of Kaupapa techniques, they expand how solutions might integrate Māori research projects pertaining to complex issues, and be more accessible for local whānau wellbeing, decolonising emotions, communities. land-based learning, hapū and iwi environmental management and public participation. Dr Simmonds works closely with her hapū and iwi to understand community engaged and culturally responsive environmental management and what this means for the wellbeing of the land, water and the collective. Most recently, She has been awarded a Marsden Fast Start Grant for research that will retrace her ancestress, Māhinaarangi’s footsteps to reconnect with the tribal geographies along this trail. She is a mother of two daughters and most of her spare time is spent at her marae, Pikitū, in the South Waikato.
Tłaliłila’ogwa (Sarah Hunt) University of British Columbia Mana Wahine Panel - Friday 23rd February 2018, 1.15pm Amokura Gallery She is currently an Assistant Professor in the Institute for Critical Indigenous Studies at the University of British Columbia. For more than 15 years, the Assistant Professor has worked on issues of justice, health and cultural revitalisation with Indigenous communities in British Columbia, with a particular focus on the concerns of Indigenous women, Two-Spirit people and youth. Her work is grounded in Kwagiulth philosophies, practices and teachings, including approaches that centre on relationships to the ocean and the shoreline within the territories of coastal Indigenous peoples. Her current research seeks to understand coastal law in everyday life, including the governance of Indigenous peoples bodies, homes and relationships.
20 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Invited Speakers
Prof Dave Frame Prof Tim Naish Climate Change Research, Victoria University Director of the Antarctic Research Centre, Global Public Goods and Climate Victoria University Change: implications for the Pacific Rising global sea levels and the Science 1: Modelling and impacts - Wednesday 21st importance of the Paris Climate February 2018, 11.00am Amokura Gallery Agreement for Pacific Nations Dave Frame is Victoria University Professor Science 2: Sea level and oceanic change - Wednes- of Climate Change, and is Director of the day 21st February 2018, 2.20pm Amokura Gallery New Zealand Climate Change Research Professor Naish is a Professor in Earth Institute (NZCCRI). He has a background in Sciences and has been Director of the physics, philosophy and policy. Prior to Antarctic Research Centre at Victoria joining the NZCCRI Professor Frame spent University, since 2008. Before that, he the bulk of his career at the University of Oxford, working gained his PhD at the University of Waikato in the departments of Physics and Geography, and later in 1996, did post-doctoral research at at the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment. James Cook University, Australia, and worked at GNS He also has real world policy experience, having worked Science. His research focuses on past, present and in the New Zealand Treasury’s Policy Coordination and future climate change, its influence on Antarctica and Development group, and having served on secondment influence on global sea level. He has participated in 14 at the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change. He expeditions to Antarctica and helped found ANDRILL, an was a Lead Author on the Fifth Assessment Report of the international Antarctic Geological Drilling Program. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and his Professor Naish and his team at the Antarctic Research research has often been published in the world’s leading Centre are committed to communication of Antarctic and scientific research journals, as well as in the specialist climate change science and its societal relevance. He climate literature. was recently appointed to the Australian Government’s National Advisory Committee on Climate Change Sarah Lorraine Thompson Science. He was Lead Author on the Intergovernmental Graduate lawyer panel on Climate change fifth Assessment Report and Fighting in the courts for a safe climate attended the scoping meeting of 1.5ºC special report in Geneva last year, requested by island nations under the Politics of Climate Change - Wednesday 21st Febru- Paris Climate Agreement. He will talk about what sea ary 2018, 11.45am Icon Room level means for Pacific Island nations, and the importance Ms Thompson works as a graduate lawyer of the Paris Agreement. in Auckland and studied at the University of Waikato. In 2015, with the help of local law Chris Booth firm LeeSalmonLong, she filed judicial Environmental Artist review proceedings challenging the New Two Environmental Sculpture Projects Zealand Government’s inadequate climate change targets. Aim to Help Mitigate Climate Change Ms Thompson is asking the High Court to review the The Role of Art in Making Sense of Climate Crises - Government’s decision to set New Zealand’s emissions Wednesday 21st February 2018, 2.20pm Icon Room reduction target under the Paris Agreement at 11% Born in Kerikeri Mr Booth has been at the below 1990 levels by 2030. She also seeks review of the forefront of environmental sculpture in a government’s failure to revise the 2050 target and set it number of countries for over four decades. in accordance with current climate science. The hearing He has a profound interest in developing a was in June this year, with the final judgment still to be creative language that involves deeply released. meaningful relationships with landforms, flora and fauna. He has a special interest in trying to com- municate a real sense of responsibility to our living planet. Social history and engagement with the wider community, in particular the indigenous community, are paramount to his art practice.
21 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Invited Speakers
Prof Heidi Thomson Penehuro Lefale Professor, Victoria University Director, LeA International Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the Engaging Pacific Islands on SRM Summer of 1816 geoengineering research The Role of Art in Making Sense of Climate Crises - Mitigation - Wednesday 21st February 2018, 2.35pm Wednesday 21st February 2018, 2.35pm Icon Rangimarie 2&3 Originally from Belgium, Professor Thomson Pualele Penehuro “Pene” Lefale is an was educated at Ghent University and at internationally acclaimed climate and policy the University of Illinois (Urbana-Cham- analyst. Mr Lefale has a long history of work paign). She teaches Romantic Literature at in international climate science and policy Victoria University. Most recently, her book implementation, having begun his profes- Coleridge and the Romantic Newspaper: sional career as a weather observer at the The Morning Post and the Road to Dejection (Palgrave, former New Zealand Meteorological Service (NZMS), UK) was published in 2016. Her research interests Apia Observatory, Mulinu`u, Samoa, in December 1982, include contextual poetics, biography, and the role of and later becoming the head of the Climate Division at literature and the humanities in society. Samoa Meteorological Service when it was fully localised in 1988. He has worked for a number of intergovernmen- Rod Oram tal, non-governmental and private sector organisations, Business Journalist including World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Secretariat of the Pacific Environment Programme Seeking hope in the Anthropocene: (SPREP), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric How humankind might achieve deep Research of New Zealand (NIWA) and the Meteorological sustainability Service of New Zealand Ltd (MetService). He was a contributor to the Award of the Nobel Peace Prize for Mitigation - Wednesday 21st February 2018, 2.20pm 2007 to the IPCC, in his role as Lead Author of the Small Rangimarie 2&3 islands Chapter, Working Group II of the IPCC Fourth Mr Oram has 40 years’ experience as an Assessment Report (AR4). international business journalist. He has worked for various publications in Europe Prof James Renwick and North America, including the Financial Professor of Physical Geography, Victoria University Times of London. He contributes weekly to Nine to Noon, Drought, flood and sea level rise: Newsroom.co.nz and Newstalk ZB. He is a frequent public climate change and the Pacific speaker on deep sustainability, business, economics, Science 3: Climate variability and prediction - innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship, in both NZ Wednesday 21st February 2018, 4.20pm Amokura and global contexts. For more than a decade, Mr Oram Gallery has been helping fast-growing New Zealand companies through his involvement with The ICEHOUSE, the entre- James is fascinated by the general circula- preneurship centre at the University of Auckland’s Busi- tion of the atmosphere – how the atmo- ness School. sphere transports energy and momentum Penguin published in 2007 his book on the New Zealand and what it does to achieve this. In particu- economy, Reinventing Paradise. He was named the lar, he is interested in how heating in the Landcorp Agricultural Communicator of the Year in 2009 tropics is communicated to higher latitudes and was a founding trustee and the second chairman of by the excitation of large-scale waves and how this Ākina Foundation, which helps social enterprises devel- affects the storm tracks and jet streams. In recent years, op their business models in areas of sustainability. He James developed an interest in Antarctic climate, remains actively involved with the foundation and the especially the growth and decay of Antarctic sea ice. How ventures it supports. does the atmospheric circulation (the wind) affect sea ice Mr Oram is an Adjunct Professor at AUT; and Bridget Wil- extent? How this can be tied back to tropical influences? liams Books has published his latest book, Three Cities: James is also involved with climate prediction work, from Seeking Hope in the Anthropocene. months to centuries, having worked with the Intergov- He is in the inaugural cohort of the Edmund Hillary Fel- ernmental Panel on Climate Change process for several lowship. This bold programme brings together innovators years, and speaking regularly to the media on climate and investors from here and abroad to help foster global change issues. change from AotearoaNew Zealand. With a general background in atmospheric physics, plus mathematics and statistics, James has broad interests
22 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Invited Speakers
most aspects of climate, from the distant past to the near He currently works on a research project (funded by future. This includes paleoclimate reconstruction, synoptic the New Zealand Law Foundation) examining whether climatology, the climate of New Zealand, climate model- the rise in sea level and related climate change events ling, climate change, and the use of statistical and matrix may impose obligations on neighbouring states to assist techniques to analyse large data sets. “disappearing” nations in retaining rights and duties at international law, or in ensuring the protection of their Catherine Iorns Magallanes populations. Reader, School of Law of Victoria University Anya Bukholt-payne Adaptation to Sea Level Rise in NZ Law Coordinator, The Climate Challenge Adaptation and Religion - Wednesday 21st February 2018, 5.05pm Icon Youth, climate change and the future of learning Prof Iorns is a Reader in Law at Victoria University of Wellington. Her primary areas Activism 1: Adaptation and Resistance Possibilities – of teaching and research are environmental Friday 23rd February 2018, 11.45pm Amokura Gallery law, indigenous rights, and statutory Feeling failed by her school’s climate interpretation, with her recently winning change education, at just 15 Ms Buk- prizes for her environmental law research. holt-payne worked with youth climate She is funded by the NZ Deep South National Science advocacy organisation Generation Zero to Challenge to work on legal issues relevant to climate empower her peers to be climate leaders. adaptation and liability for sea level rise damage. This started the Climate Challenge, a series She holds positions at Amnesty International Aotearoa of conferences run for and by high school students. Two New Zealand, the NZ Council of Legal Education, and is years later, 250 high school students have passed a member of a Bioethics Committee for a project under through the programme and she is leading the organisa- the Biological Heritage National Science Challenge. She tion as it expands to over 500 students in Auckland, is also a member of the International Law Association Christchurch and Wellington in 2018. She is also sitting Committee on the Implementation of the Rights of Indig- on the Wellington City Youth Council for her fourth term enous Peoples and of the IUCN World Commission on and interning for MP Julie Anne Genter. Environmental Law. Jamie Morton Prof Alberto Costi Science Reporter, The New Zealand Herald Professor, School of Law of Victoria University of Wellington Climate change and the media: a Future Bases for Action to Protect reporter’s perspective LowLying Atoll Nations Climate Change and the Media - Friday 23rd February 2018, 2.20pm Amokura Gallery Law 2: International Law responses to climate issues Mr Morton has been covering science and – Thursday 22nd February 2018, 4.50pm Amokura environmental issues for the New Zealand Gallery Herald for six years. His work on climate Alberto Costi’s main research interests are change issues has taken him to Paris twice in public international law, including the law - first for the COP21 summit in 2015 and of armed conflict, international criminal law later to report on the city’s sustainability and international environmental law, and in efforts - and to Antarctica. comparative law and EU law. Based in Taranaki, Mr Morton has won several national He has published extensively in those areas journalism awards and also covers topics ranging from (including the editorship of the first ever textbook on inter- technology and innovation to medicine and conservation. national law from a New Zealand perspective (LexisNex- is, forthcoming 2018)), spoken at numerous international conferences and commented in the media. He has also advised a number of governments and other bodies on international law and EU law issues. He is a member of the New Zealand International Human- itarian Law Committee and the IUCN World Commission on Environmental Law and serves as the Secretary-Gen- eral of the International Law Association New Zealand Branch and President of the New Zealand Association for Comparative Law.
23 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Conference Sponsors
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The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and NIWA is New Zealand’s leading provider of atmospheric Nanotechnology is a national network of top New Zealand and climate research and applied science services. Our materials scientists. Materials science is at the core of work aims to improve understanding of the changing climate change remediation technologies, including CO2 climate to enable adaptation to its impacts, contribute to capture and new solar cells. By spinning out new compa- global understanding of atmospheric composition and nies and working closely with industry, the Institute drives dynamics, and improve forecasts to reduce the impact of a high-tech economy, creating new intellectual property, weather- and climate-related hazards. jobs, and wealth.
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The New Zealand Law Foundation provides grants for legal research and public education on legal matters. We support the development of legal expertise on major and New Zealand National Commission for UNESCO emerging public policy issues, such as climate change, The New Zealand National Commission for UNESCO through our legal research grants programme, and a creates opportunities for people to gather together – as variety of Law Scholarships. individuals or through organisations, programmes and We are delighted to support the 2018 2nd Pacific Climate initiatives, locally, nationally and internationally – as part Change Conference. of their work in providing space and time to build peace through dialogue. They partner and support programmes, initiatives, events and promotional activities that are relevant to UNESCO’s mandate and help build peace in New Zealand. Delegation of the European Union to New Zealand
Funding for Pacific Islands Participation Delegation of the European Union to New Zealand The European Union is leading the way to reduce emis- sions and make the transition to a low-carbon economy, and we are supporting Pacific countries to do the same. Since 2013, the EU and New Zealand have worked to- gether to improve energy sustainability in the Pacific.
24 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Conference Sponsors
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NIWA is New Zealand’s leading provider of atmospheric NZ owned and operated, Green Cabs was founded on and climate research and applied science services. Our the principles of sustainability, affordability and quality - work aims to improve understanding of the changing values we uphold to this day. As a result, we offer climate to enable adaptation to its impacts, contribute to environmentally-conscientious fares that represent some global understanding of atmospheric composition and of the most competitive bang-for-buck rates in the dynamics, and improve forecasts to reduce the impact of country. weather- and climate-related hazards. On top of savings for you, we ensure that a portion of every fare taken is supporting local and global initiatives in revegetation, sustainability, education and conservation for the future. We are proud to be paving a greener path for the future.
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GNS Science: experts in natural resources Tūhana creates commercial opportunities in under-devel- and hazard risk reduction oped, developing and developed markets. We strongly We are internationally recognised for our believe that long-term commercial outcomes are only research in natural and social sciences. sustained when there is a positive link to local communi- We have a 150 year history of evidence ties and it is this shared relationship that we develop with based analysis for informed decision our clients. Tūhana’s commercial skills are founded by making to build resilient communities in the in-depth experience, particularly in the primary and Pacific, visit us to discuss your projects. related sectors.
25 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Keynote Address - Climate-induced migration: where to Aguon J1, , Sproat K2 from here for Pacific nations? 1 2 Blue Ocean Law Native Hawaiian Law Centre Akeli S1 1National University of Samoa According to a study released last year by 14 universities and oceanographic institutions, hydrothermal vents and Since the 1980s climate-induced migration has gained methane seeps on the ocean floor are “major players traction in the international community. In recent times, in global climate” – particularly in terms of sequestering these responses have focused on strategies of ‘resilience’ methane, which is 25 times more potent as a greenhouse for Pacific nations. With the convergence of science, gas than carbon dioxide – and releasing or destroying migration and climate change, and the absence of them “would be a doomsday climatic event.” This comes an international legal framework to support ‘climate on the heels of NASA’s 2014 findings indicating that deep migrants’, this paper considers the global and regional oceans have not warmed measurably since 2005, unlike response to climate-induced migration in the context of nearly all other parts of our planet. These studies hint at the Pacific region the enormous role the seabed likely plays in absorbing heat. Nevertheless, a new global gold rush is most assuredly afoot, as powerful state and non-state actors scramble to mine the deep seas, believed to contain NOTES: staggering amounts of untapped mineral wealth. That the mining of hydrothermal vents and the seafloor for polymetallic nodules and other mineral rich deposits (at depths of 400 – 6000 meters below the earth’s surface) will have adverse impacts is beyond doubt. From tailings, pollution of the water column, increased potential for oil spills and surface accidents, and constant light and noise disturbances affecting whales, sharks and other large marine animals, to the uptake of heavy metals by fish, and increased seismic activity and carbon emissions from mineral processing – the potential risks are increasingly well-documented. What is less acknowledged, however, are the impacts on people from seabed mining – especially indigenous Pacific peoples who live closest to major deep sea mining sites and who depend most heavily on marine resources for their livelihood and cultural survival. This talk will address some of these adverse impacts, drawing primarily on testimony gathered on the ground in islander communities where exploratory mining and prospecting has already begun, as well as the mounting imperative that the climate justice movement stand in solidarity with these communities, as they struggle against this new and portentous extractive industry.
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26 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Keynote Address - Our community Building Adaptive Capacity to Climate water resources - approaches to water Change in Fisheries Communities and quality assessment in Samoa Fisheries Resources in Micronesia Amosa P1 Anderson C1,2, Wongbusarakum S1,3, Pomeroy R4, 1National University of Samoa McLeod E5 1Lea International Consultants Ltd, Wellington, New The impacts of climate change on the emergence of Zealand, 2University of Hawaii Social Science Research water borne disease can be multifaceted and difficult to Institute Hazards, Climate, & Environment Program, predict, and reliable prediction might need to consider Honolulu, United States, 3Joint Institute for Marine and many factors, and make use of knowledge and expertise Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, from different disciplines – including climate science, United States, 4University of Connecticut Sea Grant hydrology, biology and sociology. Understanding the Program, , United States, 5The Nature Conservancy vulnerability of our natural water resources is important (Micronesia), Federated States of Micronesia for management of these resources, for prioritizing efforts, and for responding appropriately at a time of Fishing communities and fisheries resources in Guam crisis. The Samoan government has recognized the and the Federated States of Micronesia have been value of improving baseline information on its water impacted by climate change, natural hazards, and resources and this recognition has provided motivation human stressors. In response, local communities and and funding for some of our recent work to investigate governmental agencies have developed fisheries rivers in Upolu Island. We hope our findings can also management and climate adaptation plans that be used to inform future approaches for monitoring acknowledge the need to build resilience to climate and surveillance of water quality in Samoa. There are change into planning and management efforts. The numerous ways of monitoring water quality and we 2016 strong ENSO, while devastating (e.g., water have begun to investigate different approaches ranging security, changes in sea level, coral bleaching), from microbiological culturing methods, monitoring provided an unprecedented opportunity to assess how invertebrates that live in the water – an activity that could fishing communities are challenged by and cope with potentially involve communities directly - to DNA based climate risks to better inform future climate adaptation techniques for pathogen detection. In this presentation, I and fisheries management efforts. This project has will present some of our findings and future directions for collected and integrated data on the social adaptive research. capacity of fishing communities with existing fisheries, ecological, and climate data. It provides an example of how to integrate social and ecological data to support NOTES: the resilience of fisheries and fishing communities in Micronesia. It further provides an analysis of vulnerability and resilience to inform the development and refinement of fisheries management--one of the primary livelihoods and economic areas for these communities---and climate adaptation planning.
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27 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Living with Change (LivC): A Strategy Climate-resilient Māori land investment and Implementation Plan for Enhancing decisions to enhance prosperity the Resilience of Tokelau Awatere S1, Warmenhoven T2, Pohatu P2Daigneault A5, 4 4 4 3 Anderson C1,3,4, Faiva P2, Lefale P1,3 Harrison D , Monge J , Dowling L , Marden M 1 2 1Lea International Consultants Ltd, Wellington, New Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, He Oranga mō 3 Zealand, 2Climate Programme, Government of Tokelau, ngā Uri Tuku Iho Trust, Manaaki Whenua Landcare 4 5 Tokelau, 3Joint Centre for Disaster Research (GNS and Research, SCION, University of Maine, School of Forest Massey University), Wellington, New Zealand, 4University Resources of Hawaii Social Science Research Institute Hazards, Ngāti Porou within the Waiapu catchment, on the Climate, & Environment Program, Honolulu, USA East Coast Region of the North Island, have long- As a large, ocean, atoll (LOA) state, Tokelau’s three atolls term interests in their land. Projected climate change of Faka’ofo, Nukunonu, and Atafu are addressing risks scenarios will impact negatively on Ngāti Porou well- from climate change and related hazards through the being. The Waiapu is already suffering from high rates development of the Living with Change (LivC) strategy of erosion and sedimentation. The predicted increase (2017-2030) and five-year implementation plan (2017- in magnitude and frequency of extreme rainfall events 2022). Using a participatory, consultative process, the will likely result in further increases in erosion rates and planners conducted a situational analysis with leaders soil degradation, and droughts are likely to become (Taupulega), community groups (Fatupaepae, ‘Aumaga, more severe. To help landowners mitigate these risks, Tupulaga), and professionals and integrated findings to this project assesses the economic and Māori values identify risks and concerns, develop actions to address impacts of different land-use decisions within a range these risks, and ascertain governance mechanisms, of potential climate change scenarios. We worked with resources, and financing for implementation. The landowners over several workshops to identify land-use Strategy outlined three Climate Resilient Investment opportunities with a range of benefits based on landowner Pathways (CRIPs) to focus activities, including (i) aspirations. These included alternative forestry, Mitigation: Decarbonisation Development; (ii) Adaptation: nutraceuticals and horticulture. A significant finding is Strengthened Integration of Climate Change and that for all future climate change scenarios, reforesting Disaster Risks Intelligence into Development Planning the land – particularly with indigenous species – results and Decision Making; and, (iii) Human Development: in a significant reduction of soil erosion for the Waiapu Capacity Building, Education, Training, Public Awareness, catchment. The implications of this finding are complex and Outreach. Implementation has begun in all areas, and support the inter-generational equity aspirations of and represent a comprehensive approach to addressing Ngāti Porou. Nevertheless, this finding also provides a climate change through mitigation, adaptation, and risk strong case for long-term planning to ensure that Ngāti reduction Porou achieves enduring prosperity.
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28 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Climate change adaptation as a Responding to the impacts of climate response to vulnerability reduction: a change and environmental pressures on critical examination of the role of aid Port Vila ecosystems and communities agencies in Timor-Leste Blaschke P1,2, Pedersen Zari M1, Archie K1, Jackson B1, 3 4 5 Barrowman H1, Kumar M1 Komugabe-Dixson A , Livesey C , Loubser D , Martinez- 1 1 1 1 1The Australian National University Almoyna Gual C , Maxwell D , Rastandeh A , Renwick J , Weaver S6 It is widely acknowledged that Small Island Developing 1Victoria University of Wellington, 2Blaschke and States (SIDS) are particularly vulnerable to climate Rutherford Environmental Consultants, 3Ministry of change and will require external assistance in adapting to Primary Industries, 4Chris Livesey Consulting, 5SPREP, current and future impacts. The international development 6Ekos Ltd community have played important roles in supporting SIDS adapt to climatic changes and calls for increased Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are being degraded international commitment have been made. However, in Port Vila, Vanuatu (population c.75,000), mainly from how the vulnerability of SIDS to climate change is being rapid population growth (up to c.8% per annum), urban framed and, subsequently, how adaptation programmes intensification, and overharvesting in coastal marine are conceived and designed by the international ecosystems. The rate and nature of population growth, development community is yet to be critically explored. economic development and climate change impacts are This is the case despite increasing concern over among the most important variables when envisaging conceptual limitations of discourses guiding climate possible future scenarios for Port Vila. The occurrence change action. This paper aims to address this gap. of extreme climate events and precipitation variability is Using Timor-Leste as a case study, this paper examines likely to increase rapidly, even based on moderate global the conceptual trends underpinning 32 donor-funded warming scenarios. Such trends will increasingly affect adaptation programmes implemented from 2010 to the ecosystems and local people over coming decades. present date. We use a vulnerability diagnostic tool The Pacific Ecosystem-based Adaptation to Climate designed to support interpretations of vulnerability and Change Project responds to these vulnerability theoretical insights from political ecology to show how challenges. For Port Vila, we sought to develop EbA adaptation programmes continue to frame vulnerability projects initially focused on tangible elements of as a biophysical issue and have limited ability to target increasing resilience (e.g. increased food, water and nuanced, broader-scale processes affecting SIDS. energy security, access to shelter). Starting with an We argue that it is now critical that the international analysis of Port Vila’s ecosystems and ecosystem development community re-frame their approach to service pressures, an initial selection of six project vulnerability reduction in SIDS and identify existing groupings was made. These were discussed at a platforms to support changes. community/stakeholder workshop, then refined to five specific recommended demonstration projects. Addressing the challenges of climate change adaptation NOTES: and urbanisation/development issues through specific projects, in integrated national and local contexts, goes to the heart of building resilience into Port Vila’s and Vanuatu’s development futures.
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29 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Ecosystem-based adaptation projects Things you didn’t know about tropical for Port Vila and Honiara to address corals and why we should protect them Melanesia’s wicked urban resilience Bolton A1, Goodkin N2, Hughen K3 challenges 1Institute For Environmental Science and Research, 2 3 2 5 1,4 2 3 Earth Observatory of Singapore, Woods Hole Patison F , Toki B , Blaschke P , Loubser D , Weaver S 1 2 3 Oceanographic Institute Victoria University of Wellington, SPREP, Ekos Ltd, 4 Blaschke and Rutherford Environmental Consultants, Tropical coral reefs are important for many different 5 BMT WBM, Brisbane, Australia reasons. They contain some of the most diverse ecosystems on the planet, protect coastlines from the Some of Melanesia’s current urban development damaging effects of wave action and tropical storms challenges illustrate well the adaptation dilemmas facing and provide food and livelihood for thousands of people. many Pacific Island countries. Climate change impacts Tropical corals are also an excellent recorder of climate are relatively far-off and uncertain, while urbanisation history. Some species of massive coral, such as Porites, and other development pressures are here now and very can live up to 1000 years! Hidden inside the intricate real. Demonstration projects in Port Vila and Honiara, skeleton of corals are masses of information that relate proposed as part of the Pacific Ecosystem-based to sea temperature, ocean circulation, and even pollution Adaptation to Climate Change (PEBACC) Programme, history. I will provide an overview of how important these address this dilemma by focussing on building resilience marine recorders are, summarising some of my work to likely future climate change impacts as well as specific across the Asia-Pacific region including temperature and identified urbanisation and development issues. rainfall history, lead pollution and ocean circulation from The projects in Port Vila were concerned with catchment- a single coral in the South China Sea. I will conclude scale riparian corridor regeneration, restoration and with why it is important that we move to a carbon-free protection of coastal vegetation, intensification of economy and enable developing countries and island suburban and peri-urban home gardens, establishment communities to protect these precious resources. of urban trees and a sustainable housing development project. The way in which these projects have evolved since their initial proposal also suggests how suitably identified initiatives may be sustainably funded and gain community buy-in. For Honiara, the adaptation demonstration projects prioritised for building community NOTES: resilience have a strong focus on the conservation and restoration of vegetation and waterways. This includes broad-scale catchment management through to smaller scale restoration of waterway degradation hotspots and the conservation of high-value urban green space.
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30 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Invited Speaker -Two Environmental Perceptions of Community, Sculpture Projects Aim to Help Mitigate Responsibility, and Risk among Pacific Climate Change Island Climate Change Professionals: Booth C1 Implications for Adaptation 1 Environmental Artist Brewington L1, Keener V1, Corlew K2 1East-West Center, 2University of Maine at Augusta 55 swinging stone poi and an underground living sculpture aim to help move communities to mitigate A survey of 247 Pacific Island climate professionals was climate change. Te Haa o Te Ao (The Breath of the World) conducted to inform regional adaptation to climate change is a proposed entranceway sculpture to a Northland impacts. Multiple regression modeling determined how district. Invited by local hapu, the aim of the sculpture social connectedness, socio-demographics, and attitudes is to raise awareness about climate change. School about climate change influence four dependent indices: children will monitor the environmental health of the 1) sense of community, 2) sense of control over climate district and adjust the kinetic sculpture accordingly. 55 change impacts, 3) sense of responsibility to respond to Poi (boulders) can be mechanically made to rise or fall impacts, and 4) perception of risk. A clustering exercise “like a bird’s wing”. Raised in high tension means we are then grouped participants based on their index values. fueling climate change - as in the present - lowered, we Frequent communication with other professionals was mitigate climate change. Subterranean Living Sculpture is the strongest driver of sense of community, while concern proposed for WWII tunnels under Albert Park, Auckland. about native species, optimism regarding future fisheries, It highlights some mostly small or microscopic forms of and the belief that community adaptation and reduced life on/in the land, in our rivers and in the sea. These scientific uncertainty increase resilience were strong predominantly ancient and lesser-known forms of plant or drivers of sense of control, responsibility, and perception plant-like organisms are vital to all life, yet are threatened of risk. Gender and education also played a role: women by human activities. They include: phytoplankton, professionals felt more responsible and at risk, and more mycorrhiza, fungi, lower plants – ferns, mosses, liverworts educated participants felt less in control and less at and algae. risk. Four clear typologies emerged from the clustering The SLS aims to educate the visitor to be wiser and exercise: participants from Guam and Hawaiʻi had the proactive in reversing this potential climatic catastrophe. lowest values for all four indices, while participants from Micronesia had particularly high values. These results NOTES: offer important insights into the diverse and place-based concerns, hopes, and policy goals Pacific Island climate professionals have for community adaptation under a changing climate.
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31 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Photocatalytic generation of hydrogen, Accessing and managing climate the ultimate ‘green’ fuel, from water change finance in the Pacific region Brooker S, Hanan G2, Hogue R1, Schott O1 Buggy L1, Taloiburi E2 1Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for 1Pacific Community (SPC), 2Pacific Islands Forum Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand, Under the United Nations Framework Convention 2Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, on Climate Change (UNFCCC), developed countries Quebec, Canada committed to jointly mobilise USD 100 billion a year in climate finance by 2020, for climate action in developing Diminishing oil reserves, and the contributions of rising countries. This financing is critical for small island carbon dioxide (CO2) levels from combustion of oil in developing states (SIDS), including those in the Pacific its various forms to global climate change lead to an region, to effectively respond to the impacts from climate urgent need to find alternative and cleaner fuels. A change. Developing country parties to the UNFCCC leading candidate is hydrogen, as it is renewable, and have long called for increased direct access however, its combustion is highly energetic (per kg) and forms a number of challenges remain for countries, in both only water so it is the ultimate ‘clean green’ fuel.1 A key accessing and managing these finances. constraint is a need for sustainable hydrogen production. The Pacific Climate Change Finance Assessment To achieve this we need to combine solar light harvesting, Framework (PCCFAF) has been developed, building on to provide the energy and hence electron supply, with the existing Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional catalytic centres at which the actual conversion of 2H+ Review (CPEIR), to provide a national-level baseline for into H2 occurs - either in a coupled system (photo- Pacific Island Countries focusing on their ability to access catalysis)2 or in a decoupled system (‘solar electricity’ and manage climate change resources across seven driven electro-catalysis).3 This approach is one within a interrelated dimensions. From these assessments, it is more general field in which scientists aim to capture light evident that common challenges are being experienced energy and store it in chemical bonds, creating so-called across the region. This includes the perennial problem ‘solar fuels’.4 of human resource capacity; challenges in tracking the Naturally occurring hydrogenase enzymes5 use iron/ flow of funds that fall outside the purview of Government nickel to catalytically generate H2 under ambient and linking these flows to impacts on the ground; and conditions. But they are not robust once isolated. Hence the complex and lengthy process required for achieving the careful design and synthesis of robust catalytically accreditation to international financing mechanisms such active complexes are of much interest. Early catalysts as the Green Climate Fund. used precious metals, but now more environmentally benign catalysts using naturally abundant transition metal NOTES: ions which are essential to life,6 e.g. cobalt,7 are being targeted. Recent testing of cobalt complexes from the Brooker group showed they are active in photocatalytic production of H2,8 with some being 3 times more active than the literature standard cobaloxime complex (same conditions).7 In this presentation, the background to this field will be summarised, then our initial successes in screening a wide range of our cobalt complexes will be briefly presented, along with an overview of our next steps forward from here.
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32 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Invited Speaker - Youth, climate change He Korowai o Matainaka/The cloak and the future of learning of Matainaka: Traditional Ecological Bukholt-payne A1 Knowledge in climate change 1The Climate Challenge adaptation 1 How do we engage young people in the greatest Carter L 1 challenge of their generation? How can your work benefit University Of Otago from a youth perspective? Over the past two years the In the landscape, resource areas are marked by youth-for-youth organisation the Climate Challenge placenames, which act as central reference points for a has run successful climate leadership conferences for wider ecosystem catchment area. Traditional Ecological young people around the country. We’ve found that while Knowledge (TEK), awakened through the placename, passionate about the issue, our nation’s youth are often informs and influences the way we realise our cultural, left out of important conversations. This presentation social, environmental and economic connections, will look at the next generation of climate leadership aspirations, and practices. The paper discusses a Maori- and why active engagement by people of all ages is led research project in Te Wai Pounamu, New Zealand crucial to the success of climate progress. It will give that utilises TEK frameworks to inform ecosystem you insight into how and why to work with young people, governance and management for climate change and their place in climate discussion. Beyond this, it will adaptation. The key research question: “How do Maori look at interactive learning as a tool to connect with any tribal groups, given a local context, determine what TEK group and make climate change a more accessible and is to be retained to future-manage mahika kai (resources) interesting issue to the public in climate change adaptation planning and practices”. A major research focus is the knowledge around “tippping points” (catastrophic regime shifts) that will impact directly NOTES: on the cultural, social and economic sustainability of a specific freshwater fishery (inaka/whitebait/galaxias vulgaris). The research location is the Waikouaiti River; part of the wider catchment area surrounding a coastal headland, Matainaka, on the East Otago coast, South Island. The maori tribal group, Kati Huirapa, have the mana whenua (traditional power and authority) over the wider Matainaka ecosystem catchment area and initiated the project. The project is funded through the New Zealand National Science Challenge BioHeritage Research Programme.
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33 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Negotiating a climate consensus, and Acting in Times of Disaster: The regional coalition behaviour of Pacific sources and technical medium of Island states information that people trust Carter G1 Chan Mow I1, Shields C2, Sasa H1, Fitu L1 1The Australian National University 1National University Of Samoa, 2DIE German Development Institute For fourteen Pacific Islands’, political groupings or coalitions in the United Nations Framework Convention While technology access has expanded worldwide, on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are integral in their there is still limited research about how people use the negotiation finesse and very existence in the climate technology available to them during crisis, and what the regime. Their behaviour are not only shaped by the formal effects of varying socio-political and economic contexts UNFCCC and the global South coalitions they align are on the level of trust people place on information themselves with; but more increasingly important are from different sources and technical mediums. The the informal negotiation processes of other multilateral aim of the research documented in this presentation (regional) high-level meetings in the region- Pacific was to understand how citizens act on different types Islands Forum, Pacific Islands Development Forum, of information and how the source of information and Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Program; technical medium affects their decisions to act. A and sub-regional Polynesian Leaders Group, Melanesia 400 household survey investigated what sources of Spearhead Group, Micronesian Presidents’ Summit. information and technical medium Samoan citizens Utilising process tracing and global political ethnography, trust and act upon in times of disaster. Findings of the this paper presents findings in mapping diplomatic survey indicated the following. 1) The predominance and practices of Pacific Islands leaders, diplomats and climate pervasiveness of mobile phones indicating its potential for change negotiators, and the links of regional consensus use in disaster response and relief. 2) The use of social decision making into formalising ‘coalitional behaviour’ media as a possible avenue for lateral dissemination. and global consensus at the international UNFCCC level. 4) The predominance of radio as an important, trusted From such a strenuous process of formal and informal source of information and medium which people act on, meetings yearlong, unique forms of coalition formation, indicate its important role in emergency response. 5) leadership, strategies and consensus decision making Professional reporters as the most trusted and important occur. The findings are based on a doctoral candidature source of information in times of disaster. The findings of exploring Pacific Islands’ negotiators in various UNFCCC this survey generate important considerations towards a and regional meetings from Apia-Bonn-Suva-Port- people-centred early warning and disaster relief system. Moresby-New York-Paris; the climate change road to the Conference of the Parties (COP21) Paris in 2015.
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34 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Sea level trends in the North Pacific Pacific engagement and the Framework Ocean for Resilient Development in the Pacific Cheng K1, Ho C1 (FRDP). 1 National Taiwan Ocean University Cooper-Halo T1 1Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Sea level rise is an important issue in climate change. Programme (SPREP) Its variations are related to global climate change. In this study, the tidal gauge data provided by Permanent Pacific Leaders’ endorsed The Framework for Resilient Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) and satellite Development in the Pacific: An Integrated Approach to altimeter data from Archiving Validation and Interpretation Address Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management of Satellite Oceanographic Data (AVISO) are used to (FRDP) in 2016 and provided further guidance in 2017 on explore the sea level trends in North Pacific Ocean. The the implementation and governance of the FRDP. results show that the rising rates of sea level trend in the The new Framework replaces two key regional policy, various regions of North Pacific Ocean are different. In namely, the Pacific Islands Framework for Action the western region, the changes of sea level trend are on Climate Change 2005-2015 and Pacific Disaster apparently proportional to the latitudes. On the contrary, Risk Management Framework for Action,2005 – they are inversely to the latitudes in the eastern North 2015 and provides voluntary guidance to national Pacific Ocean. In addition, the rising rates of the stations governments and administrations, the private sector, in the open ocean are no obvious trend with latitude. This civil society organisations, Pacific communities, regional is probably caused by the changes of boundary currents. organisations, and development partners. The FRDP is closely aligned to implementing global agreements such as the Paris Agreement, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and the NOTES: Sustainable Development Goals to help build a more sustainable and safer region. A new Pacific Resilience Partnership (PRP) will coordinate cooperation as well as implement and monitor the FRDP. Leaders endorsed the governance structure to support the implementation of the FRDP. Dedicated support to the PRP for the implementation of the FRDP will be provided though the collaboration of SPREP, SPC and PIFs.
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35 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
The 2030 Agenda & the Paris The Global Pact for Environment: Agreement: Advancing Human Rights & Organizing to Realize Earth & Human Adaptation Through Hokulea Message Rights in Oceania of Malama Honu Cooper J1 1 Cooper J1 Hawai’i Institute For Human Rights / University of Hawaii 1Hawai’i Institute For Human Rights / University of Hawaii Office of Sustainability Office of Sustainability The Global Pact for the Environment is an important The advances of humanity to recognize and respect initiative for Pacific Islands States and Indigenous nature in 2015 was a significant moment in history. The Peoples. The paper will cover the creation of this 2030 Development Agenda and the Paris Agreement new covenant for climate justice and the coordination provided a framework for a foundation rooted in of a partnership between states and civil society to fundamental freedoms. Indigenous Peoples are active create a legally binding instrument to implement the participants to achieve the 17 Sustainable Development right to healthy environment. The paper will cover Goals and the articles of the Paris Agreement through the current content covering the preamble and the a human rights-based approach for a bold agenda. 26 articles devoted to environmental law covering Indigenous Peoples have provided leadership in prevention, precautionary principles, polluter pays and diplomacy with the High Ambition Coalition at Paris to intergenerational equity. The paper will share how the ensure a level of CO2 to ensure survival and a global Pact builds on the Paris Agreement providing a blueprint consensus. Through direct action rooted in culture, for a bold path forward specifically for peoples of the Indigenous Peoples have brought the 17 Global Goals Pacific. The Pact provides clarity and coherence to alive with the Hokulea worldwide voyage spreading the the evolving body of international environmental law message of Malama Honua sharing traditional methods blending with human rights law. The paper will review for adaptation. The paper will cover case studies of the important elements of the UN Declaration on the adaptation realizing human rights and respecting Rights of Indigenous Peoples included in the new Pact. nature. It will also explore how Indigenous Peoples The paper will conclude with a focus on how people of can achieve the UN SDGs through the Voluntary Oceania can organize to utilize the new Global Pact National Review at the UN High Level Political Forum for the Environment to build on indigenous traditions to focusing on stakeholder participation in national policy- ensure solidarity and reciprocity for the common good making combining campaigns with the UN human rights and collective survival. mechanisms including the Universal Periodic Review as well as community campaigns to create adaptation models including Hokulea worldwide voyage and lessons learned
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36 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Invited Speaker - Future Bases for Climate change: magnifying threats to Action to Protect LowLying Atoll human security and peace in the South Nations Pacific Costi A1 Cox J1, Bhatt M1, Wedderburn L1, Hill M1 1Victoria University of Wellington 1Peacifica Pacific island nations are extremely vulnerable to sea- Climate change magnifies existing threats to human level rise and the increased frequency of extreme security in the South Pacific and threatens overall peace. weather events such as storm surges and flooding, as Pacific Islander responses are a model for the world, well as soil erosion and water salinization. Low-lying atoll but they need support and complementary action from nations are likely to be irreversibly affected, with some of outside the region. This presentation uses a critical them becoming wholly or partially uninhabitable. Despite peacebuilding approach to examine this issue, with this looming crisis and efforts by inter-governmental reference to the Solomon Islands. institutions and non-governmental organisations, The role of climate change as a threat multiplier is international law lacks a proper framework to address the readily apparent in the South Pacific through its visible fate of “disappearing” states, and it provides insufficient impacts on land and water, weather, disease, fisheries protection to those who are displaced by climate change. and migration. These factors affect the well-being and The paper briefly explores whether, in the absence of security of individuals and communities before becoming a permanent population and a defined territory, and, threats to national security. In extreme cases, national therefore, without fulfilling two criteria considered sovereignty itself is at risk. necessary to establish statehood, states can continue as Climate change also exacerbates existing drivers of legal persons at international law. This involves examining conflict in the region, such as a growing and youthful historical and current case studies of ex situ continuity population, food and water scarcity, competition for of the state either as a whole or in some reduced form, natural resources, unresolved past conflicts, weak particularly those in which culture, custom, language and governance, external political and economic pressures other critical characteristics of communities were/are and colonial and post-colonial effects. The Solomon protected. It also involves developing an understanding of Islands offer a powerful example of these drivers in what ex situ continuity entails in terms of rights and duties combination. at international law for the low-lying countries at risk. The Pacific Islander action, from local mitigation and paper goes on to contemplate whether there could be a adaptation to inspiring region-wide and global advocacy, future basis for action to protect those states. From an must be complemented by real change elsewhere if the international law viewpoint, there may be corresponding worst security impacts are to be avoided. The South obligations on the international community in general, for Pacific can lead the world in this. instance, the principle of respect for the right of peoples to self-determination, the concept of an international or regional “duty of assistance” or even “a responsibility to protect” disappearing nations and their populations. NOTES: The paper brushes the nature of such a “duty” and “responsibility”: what these terms entail, and whether they translate into legal or political obligations to ensure low- lying nations can put in motion adaptation strategies that protect the state.
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37 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Sustainability of marine resources: Exploring sustainable alternatives to Past climatic events and the impacts on mass migration: lessons learned from spawning patterns of Eunice Viridis low-lying islands in the Philippines Crichton R1 Jamero M1, Crichton R1 1University Of Tokyo 1University Of Tokyo Coral reefs hold some of the highest levels of biological Sea level rise (SLR) is a major risk facing Atoll Island diversity on the planet, providing an array of important States, leading to assumptions about mass migration. goods and services for Pacific Island Countries (PICs). However, a recent study we conducted in low-lying Samoa is one of these PICs, with its dependency on the islands in Philippines experiencing (relative) SLR due to sea being indicated by the high seafood consumption per earthquake-induced land subsidence provides insight capita, at 57 kg per annum, and the important contribution into the possibility of communities living with SLR due to it makes to the country’s GDP, as it constitutes the climate change in the future. The communities were able highest export commodity. A multimethod approach was to adapt in-situ to frequent and extreme tidal flooding used to analyse the long-term spawning catch patterns that resulted from earthquake-induced land subsidence of a marine species in Samoa, the vulnerable tropical with similar magnitude to SLR projections for 2100. coral marine worm known locally as Palolo (Eunice In this study, we will further examine the possibility of Viridis). The results highlight the impacts that the Oceanic communities living with SLR and discuss applicable Nino Index (ONI), climate disasters, ocean circulation adaptation strategies for Tuvalu and Kiribati based on and other variables can have on spawning. Differences lessons from Philippines. in catches from the beginning of the historical record Kiribati purchased lands in Fiji as potential sites for mass (starting from 1981) and the present time indicate that migration. However, lessons from Philippines indicate warming seas have had significant detrimental effects on that such initiatives can fail without the implementation the catch of the worm, and this can serve as a proxy to of livelihood and capacity building components, and the understand future long-term environmental degradation willingness of communities to participate in relocation. of reef. The research thus highlights the threat that Furthermore, alternative in-situ adaptation strategies warming sea temperatures and changes in the El Nino are available and were in fact preferred in Philippines, Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can have on the long term although some may have negative environmental sustainability of Samoa and other PICs. consequences. These results highlight the need to start prioritizing in-situ adaptation strategies, which will undoubtedly require the assistance of the international community, through existing or new adaptation NOTES: mechanisms and funds.
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38 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
The co-production of natural hazard The Link between Environmental impact forecasting in the Pacific Degradation and Climate Disruption in Crowley K1, Ungaro J1, Simi T2, Tarry J3, Williams S1, the Pacific 5 4 5 1 4 Damlamian H , Horspool N , Singh S , Paulik R , Lin S , Csevár S1 2 6 3 1 4 Nelson F , Garaebiti E , Korisa P , Turek G , Woods R , 1The Hague University of Applied Sciences Mari A1, Biukoto L5, Ramsay D1 1National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research In October 2016, a small-scale research project was (NIWA), 2National Disaster Management Office, conducted in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and the Solomon Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Islands, to report on human rights violations against the 3National Disaster Management Office, 4GNS Science, indigenous population of West Papua through the eyes of 5Geoscience Division, Pacific Community,6 Geohazards Papuan refugees living in PNG; and to paint a picture of Division, Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards environmental changes impacting on the lives of people Department in the Pacific to advocate for environmental and social justice in communities where needs are most pressing. The Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific A photographic documentary was produced about this advocates for evidence-based risk assessment for humanitarian trip to serve as a catalyst for much-needed sustainable development. PARTneR: Pacific Risk Tools change and social justice for those most marginalized: for Resilience, is a multiorganizational project that aims to indigenous peoples, isolated rural communities. tailor a risk and impact modelling tool, called RiskScape, West Papua’s forests are subject to illegal exploitation by for Pacific Island Countries. PARTneR is framed around more powerful interests, leading to extensive destruction six use cases including tsunami impact modelling in of the forests and the release of immense stores of Samoa and drought impact forecasting in Vanuatu. We above-ground carbon into the atmosphere and thus will present progress so far, as well as recommendations accelerating global climate change, e.g. sea-level around for the effective uptake of risk tools. PARTneR is funded the Solomon Islands rises three times global average. through the New Zealand Aid Partnership Fund. The project has been conducted against the backdrop of the International Criminal Court turning attention to destruction of the environment. This work has also taken NOTES: place in the context of the Paris Agreement spurring greater global commitment to financing climate adaptation and mitigation measures.
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39 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Climate change and the French South Aluminium Ion Batteries Pacific overseas territories: what are the Divya S1, Nann T1 French policy and action plan? 1The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and 1 Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Dadomo C 1 Zealand Uwe Law Global warming and an increased environmental impact Following the Paris agreement on climate change when mining fossil fuels, has led to the necessity of adopted in December 2016, France boasted itself as a building a new energy economy based on cheap and climate change champion. sustainable energy vectors. One of the most pressing Most if not all France’s overseas territories in the problems in a renewable energy economy is the Carribean and the South Pacific are the most vulnerable intermittent availability of these energy sources (mismatch French territories to climate change. between supply and demand). Electrical storage devices This paper aims to explore whether France has a proper provide a solution to this problem. Batteries with high policy to tackle climate change in the South Pacific, how power densities are needed to power electric vehicles, it intends to implement it and whether it is fit for purpose with performances comparable to those of vehicles policy. powered by petroleum-fueled engines.1 Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) have been accomplishing these goals for decades. However, using a highly NOTES: flammable medium (electrolyte) for the conduction of lithium ions has intensified the risk of runaway reactions, which sometimes result in explosions! They also need to reduce their carbon footprint, which is currently about 70 kg carbon dioxide per kWh. By using multi-electron redox couples, such as in an aluminium battery, one can enhance the performance of the battery. Aluminium-ion batteries (AIB) are a class of rechargeable batteries, in which aluminium ions store energy by flowing from the negative electrode of the battery, to the positive electrode.2 Aluminium is abundant, cheap, non-toxic and recyclable. Owing to its high mass and presence of three electrons, as compared to one electron in lithium, the potential storage capacity of AIBs is 8-9 times higher. If cathodes of the same mass are compared, AIBs have the potential to provide four times more energy than LIBs. Aluminium batteries use non- flammable electrolytes, which further enhances their safety. Scientists are trying to explore ways, to boost the performance of AIBs. In this presentation, we will discuss the challenges and future research directions of these new generation batteries.3
1. 1Armand, M. & Tarascon, J.-M. Building better batteries. Nature 451, 652–657 (2008). 2. 2Brown, G. M. et al. High energy density aluminum battery. (Google Patents, 2016). 3. 3Liu, Y. et al. A comprehensive review on recent progress in aluminum–air batteries. Green Energy Environ. 2, 246–277 (2017).
40 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Community Resilience in Vanuatu: Climate change impacts on islands are Integrated and financially sustainable complicated: Evaluating 1.5°C vs 2°C in coastal management Pacific SIDS. Dixon R1 Dovey L1 1Opus International Consultants 1Australian National University The RESCCUE Project (restoration of ecosystem Pacific Small Island Developing States (SIDS) include services and adaptation to climate change) is a multi- some of the globally-most-vulnerable nations to year regional collaboration implemented by The Pacific climate change impacts. At around 1°C of change to Community. In Vanuatu, the RESCCUE pilot site covers date, many complex changes, impacts and trends are about 50km2 of the northern half of Efate. It includes already observed. Despite global consensus that higher marine and terrestrial ecosystems with communities temperatures pose increased risks, precise climate- and and management traditions under pressure from climate other changes associated with 1.5°C in the Pacific are change effects. challenging to calculate for a variety of reasons ranging Initial comprehensive stakeholder engagement provided from data to locations. Many of the most significant a precise characterisation of communities’ vulnerability biophysical and socioeconomic impacts in SIDS result and how the Vanuatu RESCCUE project can support from extreme events. These trigger irreversible step- adaptation to climate change. The subsequent Integrated changes, notoriously difficult to predict in terms of time, Coastal Management Plan sets out a sustainable space or scale, especially their interactions with other strategic direction and programme of activities. These change agents and their local setting. Issues in assessing activities cover community fish and reef monitoring risks posed by 1.5⁰C versus 2° C for Pacific SIDS range and management, invasive species management in from data and modelling issues to physical and social gardens and forests, the first investigation of Efate’s issues that vary with location and the interplay between terrestrial ecology and community waste management. climate- and other drivers. Despite significant impacts Financial sustainability beyond the project is ensured even at 1.5⁰C, the biggest advantage of its achievement by the establishment of a Conservation Trust and Fund would be the slower rate of change, providing more governed and financed through a partnership between time for biodiversity, ecosystems and people to adapt to relevant community conservation networks, local tourism inevitable change. Where adaptation limits might fall will associations, and a locally based International NGO. The vary widely. The complex Pacific context – and Pacific presentation will demonstrate how such a broad range Islanders’ wishes - should be central in planning for of activities come together to build resilience and reduce change. climate change vulnerability.
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41 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
An investigation into the access to Gender, culture, and the SDGs: what clean water in Kiribati this means for the 10-year-old girl on Edwards J1,2, Al-Bahadly A1,2, Brown N1 Tanna island (Vanuatu) 1 2 Massey University, Engineers Without Borders England R1,2, Daniell K1, Loubser D4 (EWBNZ) 1Fenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University (ANU), 2Alluvium Consulting Australia, Kiribati is a relatively poor country, ranking 137 out of 3School of Geography, The University of Melbourne, 188 countries on the Human Development Index (HDI). 4Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Kiribati comprises 33 low-lying atolls and reef islands Programme (SPREP) and one raised coral island making it exceptionally vulnerable to the effects of climate change-induced The UN Population Fund reported in 2016 that: “In many sea level rise. The combination of sea level rise, ways, a 10-year-old girl’s life trajectory will be the true test which causes increased salination of the freshwater of whether the 2030 Agenda is a success—or failure… lenses, and recent prolonged periods of drought, which What the world will look like in 15 years will depend on restricts rainwater harvesting, means that fresh water our doing everything in our power to ignite the potential of is becoming increasingly scarce. In addition, Kiribati is a 10-year-old girl today.” (UNFPA, 2016:3). experiencing significant population growth and urban Climate change, resilience, adaptation, Sustainable drift. These factors, coupled with inadequate sanitation, Development Goals (SDGs) – these are not familiar lead to contamination of the wells used extensively topics of conversation within Tanna island communities. for domestic water supply. The presentation looks at a But for the 10-year-old girl on Tanna, these words and low-cost option for domestic scale water desalination the efforts to address them will shape and define many and decontamination using the abundant, renewable, aspects of her future. resource of solar energy. The proposed unit can be manufactured from materials available in Kiribati and Drawig on data being gathered in 2017-18, this offers a relatively maintenance-free and running cost-free presentation describes the complexity of a 10-year-old option for providing safe drinking water. On rainy days girl’s life on Tanna. In the context of the SDGs and climate the unit provides for small-scale rainwater harvesting to change resilience, we identify some of the transitions/ provide potable water. This system would be appropriate changes taking place on the island which may shape or for use throughout Kiribati as well as other countries of disrupt the 10-year-old girl’s future – for the better, the the Pacific and beyond. worse, and that which is still unknown. We choose to privilege the words and views of Tanna people – including those of women and girls – to stimulate discussion on the NOTES: intersection of gender, culture, climate change, and the ethical implementation of the SDGs.
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42 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Ocean Acidification Post-Paris: Gauging Critical Infrastructure Resilience to Law and Policy Responses in Light of Climate Change - Lessons Learned from Emerging Scientific Projections the Pacific VanderZwaag D1, Fennel K1, Engler C1 Fakhruddin B1 1Dalhousie University 1Tonkin + Taylor International Scientific knowledge on the impacts of increased Critical infrastructure is fundamental to sustaining atmospheric CO2 on the ocean’s biogeochemistry, societies and economies. Climate change, combined marine species, and marine ecosystems has grown with accompanying rise in sea levels and extreme exponentially in the last decade. The emerging evidence weather events, poses an increasing threat to the and projections make a strong case for precautionary effective functioning of infrastructure worldwide. Pacific and preventative mitigation and adaptation responses Island Communities (PICs) are some of the world’s to ocean acidification (OA) at multiple levels, including most vulnerable nations and resilience is now one of substantive and urgent reductions in CO2 emissions. the most critical challenges faced in the region. There is Although policy and legal responses to OA at the national, growing demand for effective sustainability and resilience regional and international level have lagged behind, there concepts. Tonkin +Taylor international (T+TI) works at the is growing momentum for a robust response to “the other forefront of assessing and managing natural hazards risk CO2 problem”. in the Pacific region, as well as post-event recovery. The presentation addresses the opportunities and Samoa exemplifies a nation prone to climatic hazards challenges of incorporating the threat of OA in mitigation that will likely increase in the coming decades, affecting and adaptation actions under the United Nations coastal communities and infrastructure. Following Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Cyclone Evan, an indicator-based vulnerability model and the Paris Agreement. For that purpose, it: a) provides (SIVM) was developed in collaboration with stakeholders a general overview of international legal and policy to assess the vulnerability of selected infrastructure instruments relevant for OA, and justifies the focus on the systems on the Samoan Islands. (Fakhruddin et al., global climate regime; b) provides a critical assessment 2015). T+TI experts have subsequently been instrumental of the role of OA in the climate negotiations leading to in the recovery process. the Paris Agreement; c) assesses the implications of This paper highlights lessons learned on critical the Paris Agreement for OA, including scientific and infrastructure risk assessment for climate change across legal challenges; and d) suggests possible avenues for PICs. Evidence-based, risk-informed approaches strengthening the international legal response to OA in to adapting critical infrastructure to meet the threats the post-Paris context associated with climate change are discussed, along with determining appropriate performance criteria for infrastructure risk reduction and building community NOTES: resilience.
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43 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Collective Action on Climate - Election and New Zealand (n = 1,002) to test public perceptions of 2017: Experience from the Aid Coalition six climate engineering techniques. The results supported the qualitative findings that overall public evaluation Campaign of climate engineering is negative, and confirmed the Feehan P1, Bockemuehl C2, Sheard M3, Jennings S4 Stage one finding that SRM technologies are perceived 1Oxfam New Zealand, 2World Vision, 3TearFund, 4Child more negatively than CDR technologies across both Fund countries. The three negative attributes with the highest associations (52% of all associations) were unknown A panel discussion exploring climate activism and effects, risky and unpredictable, signalling the public’s coalition working. Does it work? Four Advocacy experts high concern with the idea of climate engineering. Less talk about their experience of working as a coalition than 18% of respondents in either country knew about group of 14 agencies to campaign on the urgent need climate engineering techniques before they participated in for climate legislation. The coalition focus was building the survey. Importantly, almost half of the respondents in awareness of climate change impacts on the developing each sample believed they could explain the techniques world, media and political engagement and public to someone else, suggesting the hypothetical concepts mobilisation. How did they do, what did they learn and presented in this research, or similar information, is likely what impact did they have? to be understood by much of the public. Background of our campaign – i.e. our objectives, A subsequent third stage used five focus groups inclusive our tactics, our impact and why we chose a collective of a Māori group to further understand how social approach. representations of climate engineering relative to other The case for advocacy – i.e. the importance of aid solutions to climate change are formed. Again knowledge agencies going beyond just programming & “raising of climate engineering was low, although in the older awareness” but offering supporters ways to make their group of retirees all but one member had heard of it. Most voices heard and influence political decision-making in groups did not believe that as individuals they could make NZ a difference to prevent climate change and that it is the Campaigning in coalitions – the benefits and challenges government’s responsibility. However, for the indigenous Final assessment of the coalition campaign - what group, this was reversed. They believed it was everyone’s worked and what didn’t, next steps, ways for people to responsibility, that they had an inherent responsibility get involved and most importantly - what was the overall to protect the land, and that their efforts could make a impact of our campaign. difference to global temperatures. The results fill a major gap in the climate change literature on perceptions of climate engineering in the global Public Response to Climate Engineering south by demonstrating and benchmarking the extent of in the Global South negative and positive associations with the overall climate engineering concept and six potential climate engineering 1 1 1 Feetham P , Teagle D , Wright M techniques. 1Massey University, New Zealand NB: The quantitative work is published in Nature Climate This research answers the call for interdisciplinary Change methods to help identify likely public response to climate engineering proposals, a topic that is rarely researched Wright, M. J., Teagle, D. A. H., & Feetham, P. M. (2014). in the global South. As climate engineering will likely be A quantitative evaluation of the public response to climate controversial there is a pressing need to inform the public engineering. Nature Climate Change, 4(2), 106-110. and to understand their concerns before policy decisions doi:10.1038/nclimate2087 are taken. The methodology progressed through Further climate engineering work using focus groups three stages. Stage one used two methods of concept across four countries (NZ, Sweden, Japan and USA) is elicitation to establish the 12 most common attributes published in Climatic Change associated with four climate engineering technologies. Wibeck, V., Hansson, A., Anshelm, J., Asayama, S., This stage revealed a striking result. Carbon Dioxide Dilling, L., Feetham, P. M., . . . Sugiyama, M. (2017). Removal (CDR) methodologies are perceived more Making sense of climate engineering: a focus group study positively than Solar Radiation Management (SRM) of lay publics in four countries. Climatic Change, 145(1- Technologies. 2), 1-14. Stage two used large online surveys in Australia (n=1006)
44 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
The role of climate change and Co-creating Visual Tools for Adaptation ecosystem services in the migration Action decisions of Marshallese Islanders Flood S1 1 2 Van Der Geest K1,2, Burkett M1, Fitzpatrick J1,3, Landcare Research, New Zealand Climate Change Steghe M4 Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington 1William S. Richardson School of Law, University The effects of climate change on social and Of Hawaii, 2United Nations University Institute for environmental systems throughout the world, and also Environment and Human Security, 3University of evident in New Zealand, are already being documented. California, 4Marshall Islands Conservation Society While significant advances have been made in our As one of the lowest-lying island nation-states in the understanding of these impacts, and the drivers of world, the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is change, there is a disconnect between science and action acutely vulnerable to flooding, storms, hurricanes, and to mitigate and adapt to climate change. The high degree tsunamis and the associated impacts on freshwater of uncertainty in the data, including climate projections supply and habitable land. Climatic changes and their and likely magnitude of impacts, is often cited as one impact on ecosystem services often act in concert with of the main reasons for poor communication of these other socioeconomic factors to drive displacement. messages. To bridge this gap it is vital to move beyond Numbers of Marshallese residing in the U.S. have rapidly the limited model of one-way communication. This paper risen over the past two decades, from 7,000 in 2000 presents the results of onging work with New Zealand- to 22,000 in 2010. We conducted 280 interviews with based decision-makers to design and test a range of Marshall Islanders in RMI and the United Sates and a novel climate change communication and engagement geo-spatial analsysis of migration and environmental methods aimed at overcoming the science-action gap. change to study to what extent climatic stressors, and Using infographics co-created with end-users, the their impacts on ecosystems, livelihoods and habitability, project aims to facilitate the creation of more targeted are already driving migration in RMI. The results show and impactful science outputs and robust engagement that Marshallese primarily cite education, healthcare methods. Initial findings demonstrate the vital importance and work as motivations for migration. However, they of creating science that empowers decision-makers to identify impacts of climate change and weather shocks as operate effectively. Guidance is provided around methods underlying drivers that contribute to migration by affecting of framing and storytelling with data that tackle the food and water security, infrastructure, and public health challenge of producing credible, legitimate, and salient and safety in the RMI. Another key finding is that many communication tools that are easily understood. Marshallese in the US fear the impact of climate change on the future habitability of their islands, complicating return migration.
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45 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Connecting Climate Change and Invited Speaker - Global Public Goods Militarisation in the Marianas and Climate Change: implications for Archipelago the Pacific Frain S1 Frame D1 1Pacific Media Centre, Auckland University of Technology 1Victoria University of Wellington This paper demonstrates the relationship between climate A stable climate is a global public good. The talk will change and expanding United States (US) militarisation discuss global public goods, how governments see in the Marianas Archipelago. The Indigenous Chamoru climate change, why it is a hard problem to solve, and and Refaluwach peoples are “protectors and defenders” what might be done to make it a bit easier. The talk will of their environment and are resisting the environmental also briefly review climate change science, including how politics of US militarisation through digital, legal, political, climate change emerges from background variability, and spiritual means. why this matters particularly for Pacific Island nations. Since 2006, the US Department of Defense (DoD) has released six Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) documents outlining the plans for further militarisation of the Marianas Archipelago. While the EIS process is required by the US National Environmental Protection Act, the DoD has released the documents as if they NOTES: are separate projects, ignoring the accumulative environmental impacts and threats of climate change. In April 2015, the 1,400-paged EIS document, titled the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Joint Military Training was released and proposes the creation of bombing ranges on the islands of Guåhan, Pågan, and Tinian. The local community has filed a lawsuit in the federal court in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) island of Saipan in July 2016, claiming that the EIS document(s) violates international and US federal laws. The residents are demanding accountability for prior military projects which ignore the US legacy of toxic environmental impacts and want climate change efforts to be recognised across the archipelago.
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46 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
A New Way in Niue: A resilient and Training tomorrow’s climate leaders: ecological architectural response University of California Irvine’s Climate Freddie A1 Action Training Program 1 Victoria University of Wellington Frederick A1, Ramin K1, Allison S1 1University Of California Irvine Cyclone Heta struck the tiny island nation of Niue in 2004, making a direct hit on most of the coastal edge of Graduate students need practical training to tackle the the island, particularly the South side of the capital Alofi, complex problem of climate change as they move into Aliluki, destroying most of island’s important infrastructure their careers. The Climate Action Training program was and fragile environment. Since the cyclone, Aliluki which developed to equip an interdisciplinary group of graduate was once hub of Niue remains stigmatised and has students with transferrable career skills, prepare them deteriorated into a barren ruin overgrown by nature. for careers in climate action, and build partnerships Cyclone Heta didn’t just destroy lives and significant between UC Irvine and external partners working on buildings and infrastructure; it also destroyed the fragile climate issues. The program specifically targeted an identity of a traditional Island people, who for several interdisciplinary group of graduate students – from decades have struggled with the forces of modernisation. biological sciences and engineering to social sciences The imminent threats and effects of climate change on and humanities – to foster new perspectives and address the Pacific region means that adaptation is vital to the the social, political, and scientific issues of climate survival of its people. change. The program training elements consisted of a This design research aims to identify a resilient and Climate Data Science short course, a Climate Action sound ecological architectural solution that aims to revive Seminar, internships with partner organizations (including Niue’s fragile cultural identity and economy through the the US National Marine Fisheries Service, Southern study of its traditional, vernacular and cultural practices. California Coastal Water Research Project, and Southern Literature reviews and case studies are explored, California Public Radio KPCC), and a campus symposium and a field study research has been conducted to on student products. Additionally, four students advocated collectively gather the voices from Government, NGO for national climate change policy by meeting with their and communities. An extensive site analysis has been elected officials in Washington, D.C. The success of conducted as well. From this, design iterations are the Climate Action Training Program was used as a explored and tested to generate conceptual designs. rationale for a broader NSF Research Traineeship that was awarded to UCI in 2017 and demonstrates the effectiveness of interdisciplinary training for climate action. NOTES:
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47 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
A Snail’s Pace: Can policy and The South Pacific Convergence Zone physiological research protect abalone/ and South Pacific Climate, Past and pāua from climate change? Future Frederick A1, Neuman M2, Wang S2, German D1 Harvey T1, Renwick J1, Lorrey A2 1University Of California, Irvine, 2National Marine 1Victoria University Of Wellington, 2NIWA Fisheries Services The South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) is the Abalone are culturally, economically, and environmentally largest rainfall feature in the Southern Hemisphere and important all around the Pacific. Climate change, is a critical component of the climate of the southwest disease, and other anthropogenic challenges threaten Pacific. Its location and strength is strongly modulated by their persistence. In particular, climate change is leading the ENSO cycle and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation to the largest mass extinction event ever seen by our (IPO), leading to large interannual and decadal variability species, yet it is often viewed as an abstract threat in in rainfall across the Southwest Pacific. This variation the management of Endangered Species. We created plays an important role in water availability and tropical a conceptual model incorporating climate change as cyclone impacts on many South Pacific nations. Much a defined, concrete threat for the US National Marine of the analysis on the SPCZ has been restricted to the Fisheries Service’s Black Abalone Recovery Plan. This modern period, more specifically the “satellite era”, framework maps critical research gaps such as linking starting in 1979. Here we will discuss the representation ocean acidification and sea level rise to abalone biology. of the SPCZ in the 20th Century Reanalysis product, It can be applied broadly to any species, including the with an extended analysis back to the beginning of the related abalone in New Zealand, pāua (Haliotis iris). To 20th century (1908). Observed relationships with ENSO better refine this model, we are filling a research gap and the IPO will be presented, along with evidence for about nutrient acquisition strategies and thermal stress possible climate change related trends in the mean in abalone across the Pacific. We characterize digestive location of the SPCZ. function in California’s red abalone, which undergo mass mortalities during El Niño events due to a disease called withering syndrome (WS). Additionally, we compare this to New Zealand’s pāua, which is never exposed to the parasite that causes WS, to determine the effects of temperature stress on digestion across the abalone genus (Haliotis); this can be used to inform policy.
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48 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Factors influencing the outcomes of Adaptation to Climate change in Pacific climate change adaptation projects in Island Countries the Pacific Island Countries: A meta- Hassall G1 analysis 1Victoria University Of Wellington 1 1 1 1 Hasan S , Fleming C , Smart J , Mackey B The challenge of climate change galvanised the voice 1 Griffith University of Pacific Island Countries (PICs) in global forums, particularly those associated with the United Nations Over the previous two decades a substantial amount of Framework Convention on Climate Change. Indeed, funding from a wide variety of sources has been directed most PICs have submitted INDC (Intended Nationally towards climate change adaptation projects throughout Determined Contribution) reports to the UNFCC as the South Pacific. These projects have undoubtedly required. This paper examines the extent to which reduced the vulnerability of affected communities Pacific Island governments from national to local levels to climate change, but there remains considerable are “owning” processes, and moving beyond oversight uncertainty about which factors play an important role in of awareness campaigns and distribution of funds to influencing a project’s efficiency or effectiveness. This NGOs and community groups, to the establishment of paper sheds some light on this issue by analysing a new institutions/mechanisms that result in implementation of dataset of 228 completed climate change adaptation specific adaptation measures. projects in the South Pacific, collated from individual project reports and publicly available online databases. Logistic regression identifies a number of factors that determine whether or not a project is regarded NOTES: to be successfully completed. Results suggest that a project is more likely to be a success if it is shorter, more generously funded, is co-financed by the host country, is unambiguously targeted towards climate change adaptation, focuses on either an ecosystem or engineered approach (but not both), and is undertaken in Micronesia or Fiji, rather than in PNG, Samoa or the remainder of Polynesia. It is hoped that these findings are useful for identifying key barriers and enablers affecting successful project delivery in the future.
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49 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Addressing climate change in Tongan Sea Change: A new politics of climate in secondary schools Aotearoa Havea E1 Hayward B1 1University Of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand 1Political Science, University of Canterbury Education is a key factor in the global response to In this paper the author draws on the arguments of a new increasing environmental challenges such as climate book about climate politics in New Zealand (Hayward, change. Climate change education is critical in supporting 2017). The paper considers how a lack of political action Pacific Island countries in adapting to the consequences of climate exacerbates inequality and suffering and is of their vulnerability to climate change (UNESCO, 2014). unfair to other nations and future generations. Tonga is a country feeling the impacts of climate change, In the absence of government leadership, a range of and therefore students in Tonga should learn how to non-governmental organisations, local government, and minimise the impacts of climate change and learn to a cross-party working party, have stepped forward to offer adapt and live sustainably in an environment already important alternative plans to meet our obligations under affected by climate change. the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement. This paper will report on a study that is exploring how These alternatives offer impressive and often carefully secondary teachers and students in Tonga conceptualise researched discussion about lowering greenhouse gas climate change issues and the existing status of climate emissions. Yet many of these alternatives also miss the change-related issues in the secondary school curriculum point of the Paris Agreement which is not only to hold in Tonga. Findings reveal that students and teachers global temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius, but are aware of and worried about climate change, but to do so within the context of addressing sustainable they lack a rich conceptualization of the issue and hold development and the eradication of poverty. misconceptions. They also indicate that Tonga is lacking In effect, the Paris Climate Agreement has placed climate curriculum integration of climate change education. A change within the context of people’s everyday lives, yet climate change educational intervention was designed citizens are too often missing in a narrow discussion of based on theoretical principles of climate change carbon emissions. education and the teachers’ and students’ conceptions, Using the lens of ecological citizenship the paper offers and was trialled at a secondary school in Tonga. an integrated approach to policy transformations we will need if we are to address climate change and hold powerful interests to account.
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50 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Communicating Climate Futures Materials to enable the solar revolution Hendy S1 Hodgkiss J1 1Te Pūnaha Matatini, University Of Auckland 1MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology As anthropogenic climate change begins to generate measurable economic and social impacts, climate This year will see us capture more of our energy scientists face difficult choices on how to communicate needs from sunlight than ever before. The phenomenal these, as well as future impacts. The science itself allows growth in global photovoltaic capacity has taken even for a wide range of possible future outcomes, but these the most optimistic observers by surprise, yet its outcomes ultimately depend on the actions that society consistent doubling every two years is a hallmark of takes in response to the warnings of climate scientists. how technologies scale. The impact we are beginning Messages that motivate some audiences to action, will to see today is built on silicon photovoltaic technology create despondency in some, angry denial in others. that is over twenty years old. Since then, materials Crafting different messages for each audience also has scientists have been searching for fundamentally its pitfalls, as interest groups can use this to project doubt cheaper semiconductor materials that will enable the and uncertainty onto the science. In this talk I want to next transformative step in large-scale solar power explore whether it is possible for the scientific community generation. In this talk, I will demonstrate the emergence to reach wider audiences while at the same time of two new classes of photovoltaic materials that could maintaining the integrity of the science. I will argue that it make the large-scale deployment of solar photovoltaics is, but that it will require the community to communicate a even more compelling. Both of these semiconductor more nuanced and transdisciplinary understanding of the materials – polymers and hybrid perovskites – are made scientific method. We must go beyond emphasising peer from abundant elements and can be manufactured at review and consensus in climate science to acknowledge low temperature, even printed, which could substantially the role that values, world-view, and conflicts-of-interest lower production costs. Power conversion efficiencies of play in influencing scientific knowledge and the advice. these devices are already approaching that of silicon, with potential for substantial further gains by understanding and engineering how the precise material composition influences the photovoltaic performance. NOTES:
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51 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Keynote Address - Connecting the Dots: A religious and moral perspective on Oceans, Climate and Policy Climate change in NZ and the Pacific. Holland E1 Howell J1, Kleinsman J1 1University of the South Pacific 1Protestant and Catholic churches
The Paris Agreement is a critical cornerstone for the Rev John Howell (Protestant) and Dr John Kleinsman survival of Pacific nations. Key demands were made in (Catholic) argue that the World Council of Churches declarations by the leaders of 15 Pacific island countries project “An Economy of Life” (2014) and the Encyclical in advance of the Paris negotiations. The result is an letter of Pope Francis “On Care for our Common international commitment to: a long-term temperature Home” (2015), express a common viewpoint, asking goal limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius; a periodic critical questions challenging and informing anew the five-year review; and increasing ambition to reduce frameworks through which climate change is understood greenhouse gas emissions. Some 195 member nations and solutions proposed. have signed the accord. In keeping with the vagaries of Regardless of institutional differences inherited from shifting national positions on climate change, though, earlier centuries, and while acknowledging that the Australia established and then two years later abolished Christian Tradition has at times been ambiguous its carbon tax—the world’s first. And in June, President about human responsibility, as we face what is an Trump announced the U.S. was pulling out of the Paris unprecedented survival issue, there are critical and Agreement altogether. These moves stand in stark common insights to be gleaned from our combined contrast to the commitment and leadership of the Pacific spiritual and theological traditions. nations, which was reinforced by the United Nation’s Because we view climate change as a classic example first-ever Oceans Conference , hosted by Fiji and of market failure, we will argue that there are serious Sweden, and held just after Trump’s announcement. deficiencies in leaving it up to the stock markets to The result was a global call to action that underscored implement the Paris targets. The national contributions the connections between healthy oceans and climate (low as they are) to the targets of the 2015 Paris Climate change. Fiji as the first Big Ocean State (BOSS), or Conference require us to challenge current economic in United National Lexicon, Small Island Developing frameworks with good science and sharp moral thinking. States, to serve as the President of the United Nations We will then offer and apply our own theological and Framework Convention on Climate Change COP23 has ethical perspective for the choice of the target of 1.5 or 2 the opportunity to catalyze transformation by creating degrees, the New Zealand perspective should include the ocean-climate policy solutions. An ocean acidification Pacific. (OA)/carbon tax imposed on carbon emitting nations to balance the ocean service provided by the absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide into the worlds oceans and thereby acidifying our oceans, our critical natural NOTES: resource. The OA tax could then invested to protect the health of oceans and coasts and the vulnerable Big Ocean StateS (BOSS), like the Pacific Islands. Carbon tax revenues could be invested in sustaining and generating ecosystem services and protecting ocean and thus islands resilience. For example, by investing OA tax revenue in replanting coastal mangrove or dilo seedlings, we could provide storm protection, create subsistence fisheries, increase community resilience and remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Healthy coastal and ocean ecosystems support the establishment of sustainable blue carbon economies that do not rely on intensive fossil fuel emissions and become the foundation for truly sustainable ocean economies for our big ocean states.
52 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Rapid assessment of local dredging Invited Speaker - Adaptation to Sea impacts along the coastal waters of Level Rise in NZ Law Fuailoloo Village, Samoa Iorns Magallanes C1 1 Imo-Seuoti T1, Amosa P1, Vaurasi V2, Mulipola R2 Victoria University of Wellington 1National University of Samoa, 2Department of Science A key component of strategic adaptation to climate Local dredging activities have led to increase water change in coastal communities is the establishment and turbidity and deleterious impacts on nearby marine use of appropriate planning processes, activities and invertebrates. These are some of the major issues faced measures. Such processes sit within a legal framework by the Fuailoloo Village which has hindered the progress where final decisions on appropriate climate adaptation in managing the reserve and at the same time has measures may be made by judges and courts. caused stress on the marine resources, resulting in the This paper examines the judicial decisions on legal poor growth of marine species being spawned within the challenges to coastal climate adaptation measures in reserve. The main purpose of this research study was to New Zealand. The results of these challenges are varied, perform a rapid impact assessment of the impacts of local with some measures being upheld by courts and some sand dredging and water pollution from nutrients and being denied. While expert evidence underpinned the chemicals from the wharf have on the newly proposed planning processes, it did not always serve to protect marine protected area. Surface water samples were local decision-makers. Further, different courts emphasise collected monthly outside and inside the marine protected different reasons for the results, including illustrating area and near the dredging sites. The concentration of varying approaches to risk and caution. This illustrates nutrients detected were in the ranges of 0.16-3.98 mg/L the need for more consistency and clarity in the legal (nitrate), 0.08-3.21 mg/L (phosphorus) and the chemicals frameworks to assist the planning process and thereby were 0.01-0.07 mg/L (Fe), 0.23-2.63 mg/L (Cu) and 0.25- assist decision-making on climate adaptation measures. 0.48 mg/L (Pb) respectively. In Samoa, the information on the ecotoxicological impact of sand dredging is limited. This study will be used as a baseline assessment to NOTES: measure further monitoring against over the lifetime of the MPA and will also be used in the development of recommendations to mitigate environmental impacts from local disturbances.
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53 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Staying Afloat in Paradise: Climate Climate Change and State Sovereignty: change journalism in the Pacific A Security issue for Tuvalu Jackson L1 Jackson L1 1University of Oxford, 2Reuters Institute for the Study of 1Conservation International Journalism, 3Internews Land loss due to sea level rise intrinsically ties the issue Climate change continues to be under reported in the of oceans and climate change together, and in the case Pacific region. The fact that Pacific islands face direct of Tuvalu, security as a nation. The loss of territory could impacts on their livelihoods, statehood and existence as mean that Tuvalu could lose its nationhood and State a result of the impacts of climate change means that the Sovereignty. Well before the loss of its land surface, topic is of news value, however this does not translate to Tuvalu may become uninhabitable as a result of climate the coverage in national newspapers in Samoa, Solomon change related events such as: more severe cyclones, Islands, Fiji, Marshall Islands and Cook Islands. storm surges, coral reef bleaching and acidification This paper will present the current status of reporting on and drought. The nation could lose a large proportion climate change in the five Pacific islands compared to of its population as a result of these effects. Migration 2010 when this study was first conducted. to another country would be necessary. The loss of It will then look at the approaches by various nationhood and rights to their land and ocean resources organizations to build the capacity of Pacific island media based on their exclusive economic zones have direct and measure the effectiveness of these programmes to implications to culture, resources and identity of the improve coverage. people of Tuvalu. The paper will outline the challenges on reporting on Pleas to the international community have been made climate change in the Pacific and possible solutions. by the heads of Government, to ensure protection of citizens, culture and State Sovereignty. This paper will explore the implications on the State Sovereignty of Tuvalu due to sea level rise and climate NOTES: change and explore potential solutions as highlighted under the UN Convention Law of the Sea and UNFCCC.
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54 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Climate change implications for The drivers and victims of New tropical Pacific habitats and fisheries: Zealand’s fossil fuel industry vulnerability and adaptation options Cheung C1, Kahui J2 1 2 Johnson J1,2 Climate Justice Taranaki, Frack Free Action 1C2O Pacific, Cairns, QLD 4870 Australia, & Port Vila, The New Zealand government wants to substantially Vanuatu, 2College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, increase oil and gas production, despite cogent warnings James Cook University, QLD, Australia of climate change disruptions to human lives, the In the Pacific Island region, fisheries and aquaculture make environment and economy. vital contributions to economic development, government In Taranaki, with 150 years of oil drilling and societal revenue, food security and livelihoods. Climate change infiltration by the oil industry, the reality hits hard and is expected to have profound effects on the status and personal. While few profit, many lose. Seismic explosions, distribution of coastal and oceanic habitats, the fish and well drilling, fracking and ‘landfarming’ of toxic wastes all invertebrates they support and, as a result, the productivity harm the environment and put human health and safety of fisheries and aquaculture. A multidisciplinary assessment at risk. of the projected effects of global warming and ocean Although Taranaki boasts the highest GDP per capita acidification on surface climate, the Pacific Ocean, habitats, nationwide, average household income falls behind. Many fish stocks, and aquaculture production covered the 22 jobs have been lost since oil price plummeted. Reliant on Pacific nations in the tropical Pacific Island region. The extractive industries, Taranaki goes through the boom- results are mixed – there are ‘winners’ and ‘losers’. In bust cycle, except this time, the bust will likely stay. particular, declines in the productivity of demersal and Still, local governments remain adamant on protecting the invertebrate coastal fisheries, and more eastward distribution of tuna, are expected to present the greatest challenges industry. Taranaki Energy Watch is challenging the South for reef-dependent communities. Some aquaculture Taranaki District Council in an appeal to the Environment commodities, such as species with calcareous shells, will Court for stricter oil and gas rules. The New Plymouth also be impacted by climate change and ocean acidification. District Council has vowed to ‘protect and strengthen’ Based on preliminary tuna distribution modelling, Kiribati, the industry in its 30-year District Blueprint. Nationally, Tuvalu, Tokelau, Cook Islands and French Polynesia the government is prepared to pay over $800 million to are likely to have future opportunities to increase access decommission the industry’s aging offshore installations. fees from foreign fishing vessels and gain further benefits All these at a time when we must take bold steps to through greater engagement in the value chain. However, ensure just transition off fossil fuels. the progressive eastward shift in skipjack tuna could have some negative effects on the contributions of tuna fishing to government revenue, and tuna processing to GDP, for NOTES: nations in the western Pacific. Climate change also has significant implications for food security and livelihoods for many Pacific nations. The projected decreases in coastal fisheries production will widen the gap between fish available for growing human populations and sustainable harvests, with shortages expected in some Pacific nations by 2035. There will also be a need to diversify livelihoods among fisheries and aquaculture operations in the region as some are negatively affected and others favoured, by climate change. The adaptations, policies and investments recommended to reduce the threats of climate change to fisheries and aquaculture, and capitalize on the opportunities, are of interest to a broad range of stakeholders in the region.
*Based on updated assessment published in: Johnson JE, Bell JD, Allain V, Hanich Q, Lehodey P, Moore B, Nicol S and Pickering T (2017) Chapter 11 – The Pacific Islands: Fisheries and Aquaculture and Climate Change. In: Philips B, Ramirez M (Editors) Implications of climate change for fisheries & aquaculture: A global analysis. Wiley Publishers, New York, USA.
55 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Co-production of climate research for Co-designing a youth learning centre resource management: The role of with youth in Betio, Kiribati: covert intermediate-modelers in translating adaptation through inspirational downscaled climate data in the Pacific architecture Islands Kiddle R1, Kakiakia D2, Kiddle A3, Steele R2 1 2 3 Keener V1 Victoria University Of Wellington, ChildFund, Field 1East West Center Studio Architecture and Urbanism The NOAA-funded Pacific RISA conducts interdisciplinary Local concerns over the lack of resilience of young and co-produced research that helps Hawai‘i and US- people to cope with future impacts of climate change Affiliated Pacific Islands adapt to the impacts of climate due to having dropped out of school have sparked a change. One of the most consistently confusing issues ChildFund project focused on designing and building a for regional decision makers is how to appropriately use Youth Learning Centre in Betio, Kiribati. The aim of the future climate data in a specific project. This research Centre is to provide pre-vocational learning opportunities summarizes two workshops and surveys evaluating for young people who do not yet have the qualifications how downscaled climate projections for Hawai‘i were to go on to tertiary studies. ChildFund in collaboration being used by researchers and decision makers. with Field Studio of Architecture and Urbanism and Pacific RISA distributed a survey to five groups (n=79): Victoria University of Wellington undertook a co-design climate modelers, wildfire, ecosystems, and freshwater process whereby the young people themselves worked to managers, and scientists who use climate projections as contribute to the architectural design of the centre. inputs to local impact models, or “intermediate modelers” This paper outlines this case study highlighting theory (IM). Results revealed high interest in increasing and best practice with respect to building resilience involvement of climate scientists in the co-production of through design processes and outcomes. It explores products for end-users. The IM community was identified the importance of inspiration in adaptation strategies to as the critical link in translating downscaled projections stimulate pride and ultimately capacity building amongst for managers, while freshwater managers reported the youth – those most affected by impending climate change most comfort from all management groups with climate realities. projections. An outcome was the desire to create non- expert “climate narratives” to help IM accurately explain the assumptions that generated each set of downscaled NOTES: projections to managers. By increasing the ability of IM to translate information more easily and consistently from climate scientists to decision makers, more groups may utilize downscaling results in resource decisions.
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56 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Reefs, Rock and Rubble: Disparate How can increasing renewable energy zones of coral-reef condition in in the Pacific Islands contribute to Port Vila reflect varied exposure to mitigation of climate change? anthropogenic and natural factors Kumar M1, Weir T1 1 Komugabe-Dixson A1, Loubser D2, Blashke P3 Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian 1Ministry For Primary Industries, 2Secretariat of the Pacific National University Regional Environment Programme, 3Victoria University of A shift away from fossil fuels towards renewable energy Wellington (RE) sources, coupled with significant improvements By 2030, over 90% of coral reefs in the Pacific will be in energy efficiency in the Pacific Islands (PICs) will threatened by the cumulative effects of ocean acidification enhance their energy security and thus the islands’ and thermal stress. This will be exacerbated by local, resilience to climate change (CC) and other disasters. non-climatic stressors such as land-based pollution and But because the PICs’ total contribution to global coastal development. Without effective management and greenhouse gas emissions is tiny, even a total shift a good understanding of how these systems respond by them to RE would directly contribute little towards to disturbances, the synergistic effects of these threats mitigation of climate change. But it might indirectly will result in accelerated reef degradation to alternate contribute greatly by putting moral pressure on larger and systems. richer countries by acting as an example to them that As one of the world’s most exposed cities to natural such a shift is both feasible and economically positive, disasters, Port Vila (Vanuatu) harbours reefs that are as happened at the Paris Conference of Parties in increasingly vulnerable to storm damage, earthquakes December 2015. and increasing population pressures. I will present results from rapid assessments of reef condition conducted in four locations. Live coral cover ranged from 10-60% – a NOTES: reflection of varied exposure to natural and anthropogenic factors, and long-term climate change. This research highlights the need for long-term measurements to enable accurate assessments of natural and human impacts on these ecosystems. While global stressors may not easily be controlled, local impacts to the reef can be more easily managed, and with the appropriate information, resilience to future threats built. This research is part of the SPREP’s Pacific Ecosystem- based Adaptation to Climate Change (PEBACC) project.
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57 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
The Insufficiencies of International Law: Adaptation for changing and dynamic How contemporary legal frameworks climate risks and climate change threaten Pacific Lawrence J1 sovereignty, statehood and exclusive 1NZ Climate Change Research Institute Victoria economic zones. University Of Wellington Lal K1 Climate is changing in uncertain and dynamic ways. 1Lal Patel Bale Lawyers Some changes are slowly emerging like sea level rise, while others like increased rainfall occur as extreme A fundamental and founding tenant of law is certainty. flood events and have immediate impact. Some we can Climate change, however is an extremely uncertain see now, while others appear distant. Most effort goes phenomenon. As a result, trying to find solutions and to responding after climate events; much less goes outcomes for the impacts and implications of climate into anticipating climate changes and adapting ahead change within our present day framework of international of damage occurring. To do this we need to use tools law, is proving to be a challenge. In particular for the and methods that fit the problem type by enabling us Pacific, who due to rising sea levels as a result of climate to take actions now that can be changed in the future, change is now facing a unique threat. One that threatens without locking in unsustainable development pathways not only to displace millions of people, but also the that could have been avoided or risk reduced. Two ongoing recognition of Pacific statehood, sovereignty and applications of such tools are presented using Dynamic their claims exclusive economic zones. Adaptive Policy Pathways planning (DAPP) in a river Drawing on contemporary international law, this paper will and coastal setting in New Zealand will show how these aim to demonstrate the insufficiencies within our present have been supported by simulation games, economic day frameworks when addressing climate impacts. More assessment tools and appropriate community-based specifically the impacts that relate to “sinking islands”, decision processes. These tools enable decisions to be Pacific people, their recognition in law and their claim to made in the short-term without compromising further both their land and ocean territories. actions in the long-term. The cases have enabled us to better understand what it takes to shift decision thinking from a ‘predict and act’ mentality to an anticipatory and adaptive approach.
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58 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Invited Speaker - Engaging Pacific Climate Change and Churches in Tonga: Islands on SRM geoengineering Factors Hampering a Unified Response research Liava’a L1 1 Lefale P1,2, Parker A3 The College of St John The Evangelist 1Lea International Consultants Ltd, 2External Research Curiously, while the Tongan government is desperately Affiliate, JCDR, MAssey University,3 Postdam Institute for lobbying developed countries about the fact that Tonga Advance Sustainability Studies is on the front-line of climate change, the churches are The broad global failure to cut greenhouse gas emissions not united on the issue. It seems there is also a lack of has led to growing concerns that the 1.5°C warming collective responsibility amongst churches about the target, proposed by the highly ambitious AOSIS coalition seriousness of this issue and its threatening impact on and agreed in Paris, could be missed. Tonga and the lives of its people. As a result, interest is growing in solar geoengineering This study was conducted in Nuku’alofa, capital of the (also known as solar radiation management or SRM). Kingdom of Tonga. The participants were selected from SRM is a controversial proposal for reducing some several key leaders from three mainline churches and climate risks by reflecting away a small fraction of Government of Tonga. This research seeks to understand inbound sunlight. It is the only known way to quickly stop factors that hamper Tongan churches from working the rise in global temperatures and so may be useful together towards a unified response to the threat of at reducing some climate risks that can’t be treated climate change. with mitigation or adaptation. However, using SRM The study adopts a mixed approach, which comprises of would mean intervention in the complex climate system systematic theology, practical theology and hermeneutic with potentially large physical risks and socio-political theory of qualitative research. This is to emphasise the implications. importance of engaging religious belief in relation to This presentation will focus on the science of SRM and action on climate change in the Pacific Islands and that the socio-political arguments around it. It will explore how theology matters in this important area. the complex scientific, social, legal, and ethical issues The research shows some variations among raised by SRM might play out in the Pacific. denominations and leadership issues, which hinder unity. It proposes ways where churches can work together on offering a unified voice in public and lead their people constructively about what to do with climate change NOTES: issues.
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59 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Pacific Climate warriors 350 Tonga The multiple roles of Blue Carbon Coordinators Habitat management in assisting Pacific 1 Loloa S countries address their Nationally 1350.org Tonga Determined Contributions I am Siliveseteli Loloa. Iam a Tongan Climate Activist Loubser D1 was born and raised in the Kingdom of Tonga the only 1The Secretariat Of The Pacific Regional Environment Kingdom in the Pacific.I am the country coordinator for Programme, 2International Partnership for Blue Carbon 350 Tonga and works with Pacific Climate warriors. One of the 350 Tonga key objectives is to inform, educate Nationally Determined Contributions or NDC are pledges, and empower the youths to make an active choice in made by countries regarding how they will address contributing positively to the global climate movement. climate change. On ratification of the Paris Agreement, 350.org key objective is to find new and innovative ways the NDC became the first targets under the UNFCCC to raise global awareness of climate realities experienced that applied equally to both developed and developing in the island that are uniquely Pacific and to engage local countries. communities impacted directly by climate change. Pacific nations led the ratification of the Paris Agreement, 2014 - I was involved in the Blockade of New Castle Coal despite only minimal contribution to global greenhouse Port in Australia by using the traditional hand-carved gas emissions, they have put forward ambitious targets in vaka, popao,/canoe/ their NDCs. 2015 - I was involved in three days prayer virgil using fine Pacific nation’s coastal habitats provide a vast carbon mats at the Vatican in Rome. sink as well as providing support for numerous ecosystem 2017 - I was involved in presenting a side event at services. These are the so-called, Blue Carbon Habitats. COP23 in Bonn German using a Ngatu/tapa/ that was This coastal ecosystem complex is currently defined as made from the kingdom of Tonga and design by the comprising mangroves, seagrass and tidal salt marshes. Pacific Climate Warriors. Opportunities exist for Pacific Nations to support their NDCs through accounting for the mitigation and adaptation properties provided by these habitats. Until recently there was little capacity in Pacific nations to NOTES: measure and monitoring these habitats, however a recent initiative, led by the Australian government has brought together expertise in Blue Carbon mensuration and Blue Carbon Habitat protection to build skills and support Pacific countries in accounting for this important carbon sink, and possibly more importantly, protecting habitats that provide resilience against the impacts of climate and global change impacts.
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60 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
The role of non-state actors after the Opening Keynote Address Paris Agreement Malielegaoi T S1 1 Macey A1 Prime Minister of Samoa 1Victoria University of Wellington Tuila‘epa Dr Sa‘ilele Malielegaoi, Samoa’s longest serving The Paris Agreement recognises the role of non state Prime Minister, was one of the leading Pacific Island actors - cities, business and civil society - more than any voices at the Climate Change Conference that led to the previous climate change agreement. At Paris non-state Paris Agreement in December 2015. He continues to play actors showed that their thinking on dealing with climate a key role in the international fight to mitigate and reduce change was ahead of central government. Since Paris the effects of anthropogenic climate change. Samoa aims their momentum has continued, and has resulted in new to achieve 20 percent carbon neutrality by 2030 and 100 initiatives and networks. The potential of autonomous percent renewable energy in power generation, and has action by non-state actors has been demonstrated by the developed a number of solar energy arrays and biofuel rallying of cities, states and business to keep the US on projects to achieve these ambitious goals. track to meet its Paris target. The presentation will offer thoughts on the most effective ways for non-state actors in the region to be involved in NOTES: both adaptation and mitigation as the Paris Agreement takes effect.
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61 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Keynote Address - Dire Predictions: Strengthening resilience to climate Understanding Climate Change change in Pacific Islands Countries Mann M 1 and Territories: lessons-learnt from the 1 Pennsylvania State University RESCCUE project Marre J1, Billé R1 Michael is the author of several books including his 1 most recent work, The Madhouse Effect, which features Pacific Community cartoons by Pulitzer Prize-winning political cartoonist Tom As per the Paris Agreement adopted at the 21st Toles. Through satire, “The Madhouse Effect” portrays the Conference of the Parties of the United Nations intellectual pretzels into which denialists must twist logic Framework Convention on Climate Change, scaled- to explain away the clear evidence that man-made activity up financial resources to cope with climate change has changed our climate. impacts will be provided to answer priorities and needs In addition to his role at Penn State, Michael has joint of particularly vulnerable countries. For Pacific Islands appointments in the Department of Geosciences and the Countries and Territories (PICTs) it will likely imply more Earth and Environmental Systems Institute (EESI). He climate change adaptation (CCA) projects to address is also director of the Penn State Earth System Science increasing vulnerabilities, in particular through the Center (ESSC). Green Climate Fund. The Restoration of ecosystem services and adaptation to climate change (RESCCUE) project, implemented by the Pacific Community, aims at NOTES: strengthening the resilience of PICTs through integrated coastal management and the implementation of innovative economic and financial mechanisms, resorting especially to on-the-ground pilot activities and the use of economic analysis. Three years of project implementation in Vanuatu, Fiji, New Caledonia and French Polynesia suggest a number of early lessons learnt that could be valuable for other ongoing and forthcoming adaptation projects in the region. Insights on (i) the advantage and limits of the pilot approach in CCA projects; (ii) the development of CCA-explicit integrated coastal management plans; (iii) the use of ecosystem services valuation; and (iv) the implementation of innovative economic and financial mechanisms will be specifically highlighted.
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62 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
From Paris to the Pacific Islands - What If it’s not risk informed, it’s not does the Paris Agreement on Climate sustainable: harnessing local Change mean for the Pacific Islands? development decisions to address McGregor I1 climate risk in the Pacific region 1 University of Technology Sydney (UTS) McNaught R1 1Pacific Risk Resilience Programme, United Nations This research focuses Pacific Islands’ successes and Development Programme Pacific Office in Fiji failures at the global climate policy level in relation to mitigation, adaptation, finance and loss and damage. It The development of Pacific Island Countries is reviews their use of the political discourse of vulnerability increasingly stressed by climate change and climate in these policy processes. variability. For example, more intense cyclones, long-term Successes have included recognition of global warming sea level rise and seasonal variations linked with the and the acknowledgement of the high level of vulnerability El Nino Southern Oscillation. However, these hazards of Pacific Islands and other small island developing generated by the ocean and atmosphere don’t operate states in a series of international agreements to address in isolation. Every day across the Pacific region, local climate change, including most recently the 2015 Paris decisions are made about community development. The Agreement. new Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific A major failure has been the failure to curb global warns that cumulatively, these decisions can affect the emissions from fossil fuels. Pacific Islands’ emissions outcomes of disasters: a cost-saving measure on a remain low. They are, however, dependent on fossil fuels community hall deems it unable to withstand a cyclone for transport to, from, between and within the islands. or a health centre has to be relocated because it is too Fossil fuels also power their fishing boats providing an close to an eroding coastline. This presentation aims to important food source. demonstrate a conceptual framework for managing risks Many Pacific Island states (including Kiribati, Marshall to and from development, based on the experiences of Islands, Tonga, and Tuvalu) have submitted their the Pacific Risk Resilience Programme in partnership Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) as part of with governments (national and sub-national), NGOs their ratification of the Paris Agreement. Using the NDCs and the private sector in Fiji, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and other statements of action, this study explores the and Tonga. Two major findings show that 1. a ‘from innovative strategies that many Pacific Island states within’ development approach can lead to addressing the have used in taking a position of ‘moral leadership’ and underlying causes of disaster and climate risk and 2. risk- committing to further reduce their own emissions as part informing the governance processes, mechanisms and of their call for greater global emission reductions. people of development can provide the foundations for resilient development.
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63 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Keynote address - Climate Change, Shaping a Safe Climate Future: Leadership and Indigenous Knowledge The Role of the Arts 1 1 Meads S, van Zon C, O’Connor G , George M Mead A T P 1 1Independent researcher Auckland University and NIWA For centuries, art has played a major role in recording We have a common home, planet earth, and a common and reflecting the state of human society and our fate as our home is threatened through climate change. relationship with the natural world. Often we have learnt The actions required are not just about scaling up about our past through the arts. But sometimes art is the impact of lots of small changes, but, requiring also needed as a catalyst for change; a constructor of leadership to make bold decisions for now and for future big cultural statements about who we are and want to generations. One of those bold decisions is to elevate be. Now is one of those times. We live in an increasingly the contribution of indigenous knowledge research, hot, hungry and less equal world in which climate analysis and practice and likewise to increase the direct impacts disproportionately affect those most vulnerable. participation of indigenous communities in all aspects of The urgent need for far-reaching social, economic and climate change policies for adaptation and mitigation. technological responses is not being matched by action. Artistic expression can help to communicate complex issues and the rich relationships between all things that make our world the dynamic, challenging and wondrous NOTES: experience that it is. The arts not only show but make us feel the problems we face and opportunities we aspire to realise. As key interpreters of this experience, the arts have a major role and responsibility to stimulate transformative thinking to make the shift towards a fair, low emissions future. Experienced practitioners working in the arts and transdisciplinary field will discuss the role of arts in shaping our safe climate future.
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64 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Le Ta Va’a – Our Canoe Pivotal players: Pacific islands and the Misky J1 end of the fossil fuel era 1 Samoan, Tokelaun, Mata o Ali’i Trust Morgan W1 1University of The South Pacific Le Ta Va’a - Our Canoe, is a Samoan inspired canoe project in Porirua, Wellington that seeks to increase This presentation explores normative change in global traditional “Nesian” (Polynesian, Micronesian, politics. Specifically, it considers the role of Pacific islands Melanesian) ocean voyaging knowledge as means to in an emerging, global, ‘norm shift’ regarding the use of mitigate harmful social, cultural and climate changes. fossil fuels. International relations theorists suggest the This presentation will give an insight into the Le Ta world is governed, in part, by shared ideas about what Va’a project and will argue the value of “Nesian” ocean is considered normal, and furthermore that such ideas voyaging knowledge as a critical solution to social, are subject to change. In the not-too-distant past, it was cultural and climate crises. It will also advocate that to considered ‘normal’ that women did not have voting rights address climate change we must address the deliberate and ‘normal’ that Europeans had dominion over others in dividing of “Nesia”. Most importantly it will explore colonial territories. Today, we are in the midst of another methods to reunify the peoples of “Nesia”. dramatic worldwide shift in attitudes. For centuries, it “We are the children of the ocean. From Aotearoa to has been considered ‘normal’ to dig up fossil fuels and to Rapa Nui to Hawaii to Palau and beyond we must relash burn them to provide energy for our growing economies. our va’a, we must rebuild our spiritual, cultural and However, we now know that if we continue to put carbon physical va’a not as singular nations but as the largest into the atmosphere by burning coal, oil, and gas, we nation on earth - the ocean nation. Le Ta Va’a is our will undermine many of the Earth’s life support systems. cultural DNA that connects and compels us to unite to In this context, Pacific island leaders have called for a address these very issues like climate change. To protect moratorium on new coal mines and a global dialogue on the ocean, to protect ourselves we must rebuild le ta va’a keeping fossil fuels in the ground. Fiji’s presidency of - our canoe” – John Misky. the UN’s climate negotiations in 2017 is a reminder that Pacific island countries will continue to lead efforts to tackle our shared climate crisis. NOTES:
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65 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Invited Speaker - Climate change and Gender, Renewable Energy Systems the media: a reporter’s perspective and Climate Change Morton J1 Mucadam R 1The New Zealand Herald The deployment of renewable energy systems (RES) as A recent Victoria University paper found messages in a substitute for fossil fuel generated electricity is generally New Zealand media are very closely aligned with the accepted as a suitable mitigation and adaption activity scientific consensus presented in Intergovernmental that is adopted in response to the adverse effects of Panel on Climate Change reports. But where can Kiwi climate change. journalists do better in reporting climate change? The Pacific islands, particularly small island developing states New Zealand Herald’s Jamie Morton will give an insight (SIDS) have embarked on the deployment of RES with into the work of a science reporter in today’s media the assistance of several donor and development partner environment, sharing how stories are found, produced countries and institutions. Most of these partnerships and disseminated to the public. He’ll also speak about do involve some level of technology transfer, including some of the biggest challenges facing journalists today, some skills development in recipient organizations. such as time and resourcing pressures, real-time This presentation highlights the role of women in the demand for stories, bad science and hype, unhelpful deployment of RES in Pacific SIDS. The occupation doom narratives, social media misinformation, attacks by of women in this sector is nascent. The barriers, sceptics, and push-back from other quarters. Morton will opportunities, strengths and developments related to the further address why journalists need to continue pressing involvement of women in RES in the Pacific SIDS are to keep climate change in the headlines. He has covered discussed. climate change extensively for our leading newspaper, reporting on New Zealand’s negotiations at the Paris climate summit in December 2015, and travelling to NOTES: Antarctica one month later. In November 2017, he made the case for better climate change reporting at a UNESCO conference in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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66 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Consciousness and social Offline and Online Organizing Strategies transformation in the Pacific. Case Study: Have Your Murupaenga-Ikenn C1 Sei (COP23) 1 Ngati Kuri Nacewa G1 1 Pacific Climate Warriors Convergence of ancient spiritual teachings, indigenous traditional wisdom and science confirms indisputably The UNFCCC COP23 Climate Change talks were held that there exists a profound relationship between human from 06-17 November 2017 in Bonn, Germany. It was an consciousness and unfolding molecular-based reality. I.e. historic moment with Fiji as Preseident of COP 23. reality is consciousness-based. The Pacific Climate Warriors, who were part of COP23, Human psychology likewise advises that the mind’s will share stories of their experiences with organizing conscious and sub-conscious collaborate to create values around COP23 in their communities. and beliefs that influence perception of our environment, They will specifically look at what it means to build a and subsequently how we respond to and shape it. future that is fossil free, doing what they can to reduce the Regarding our many converging crises, humanity’s worlds reliability on fossil fuels. response is perilously inadequate – even suicidal. At its root is corruption of collective consciousness and values: we’re all to blame. Happily, a solution is within our grasp. Knowing our values simultaneously drive and immobilize us, Aotearoa NOTES: - and our global family - urgently needs to restore Life- nurturing values which are ‘tika (correct), pono (true, and has integrity) and aroha (compassionate)’ that compel us to act. Thankfully, there are several targeted initiatives - many crowd-funded and/or citizen-based - contributing to this transformative movement, and there is plenty of other action both within government, business and industry and elsewhere in society that can be done. But mobilization must be scaled up if we’re to make transformation of Life- nurturing values Aotearoa’s top priority. Only then may we yet salvage sufficient natural habitat to prevent our extinction.
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67 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Invited Speaker - Rising global sea What we do when the sun doesn’t shine Nann T1 levels and the importance of the Paris 1 Climate Agreement for Pacific Nations MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Naish T1 Sciences Victoria University of Wellington 1 Victoria University of Wellington Most renewable energy vectors are intermittent. For Sea-level rise is the clearest global consequence of example, solar energy is only available during daytime anthropogenic climate change. The 20cm of sea-level rise and wind energy depends on the wind blowing. Assuming since the industrial revolution is predicted to continue and a 100% renewable energy economy, this leads to an to be as much as 2m by the end of the century without unavoidable mismatch between energy supply and mitigation. While Pacific Island nations contributed only demand. The obvious solution to this dilemma is to store a small amount of the greenhouse gases, they are in energy in times of abundance and make it available when the front line when it comes to climate change impacts, needed. Another advantage of grid level energy storage especially those associated with sea-level rise. The latest is that this system would be able to respond to rapid science says that limiting global warming to less than changes in energy demand (peaks and spikes) much 2°C above pre-industrial levels, the target of the Paris more rapidly, which is expected to reduce the amount of Agreement, may prevent the Antarctic and Greenland ice rejected energy significantly. sheets from major meltdown, and vastly reduce the risks In this presentation, I will discuss different options for for Pacific Island nations, including New Zealand. electrical energy storage, ranging from small devices In this talk I will provide an update of how the latest (for example mobile phones) to grid level storage. Some science is informing predictions of sea-level rise. I will examples where nanomaterials improve the performance discuss what we can expect and where uncertainty still of different battery types will be presented. exists. Future sea-level rise is certain, but the rate and magnitude of that sea-level rise will vary significantly from place to place. Local factors matter, and in tectonically- active New Zealand, there is considerable variability with NOTES: some regions subsiding at the same rate as global sea- level is rising. I will outline a new government funding research programme aimed to improve location-specific sea-level rise projections for New Zealand.
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68 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Adapting Trade: Climate Change and The importance of climate change and Commerce in the Pacific why young people in Vanuatu should Neilson G1 get involve 1 Islands Society Nihmei I1 1Vanuatu Red Cross The tourism and primary industries are drivers of economic growth and development in the South Pacific. Climate change has been an issue for more than 10 Facing drought, sea level rise and coral bleaching, among years now in the Pacific and especially Vanuatu but it other events, these industries are severely impacted by seems that there is little knowledge of young people in the effects of climate change. Business as usual is no Vanuatu to understanding the real problem and how to longer possible, and economies across the South Pacific combat climate change. are seeking out niches that are critical to the survival I will share my experience on working with young people of their culture and traditions. Because the impacts of in Vanuatu and 350Vanuatu to support young people in climate change are localized and trade policy is made local communities and in rural areas of Vanuatu to help at the highest levels of government, climate change and them understand climate change. trade policy are not often aligned. Using case studies from tourism in Palau, palm oil in Papua New Guinea NOTES: and wool in New Zealand, this paper examines the consequences for key industries across the Pacific island regions of Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia. In each of these cases, industry leaders have acted on strategies to build climate resilience or even take advantage of climate change, often in collaboration with the central government. Because climate change has disparate impacts on industries, and economies have varying levels of resources, national and international coordination of best practices will be critical to the future of sustainable trade in the Pacific.
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69 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
The role of anthropogenic forcing in Indigenous navigators speak on ocean extreme rainfall during early March 2014 health and climate crisis in Christchurch, New Zealand Ngata T1 1 Nistor B1, Rosier S2, Renwick J1 Te Matau a Maui 1Victoria University of Wellington, 2National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research The contribution of plastic pollution to emissions, dependency upon fossil fuels, devastation of ecosystems, Torrential rainfall over 48 hours on the 4th and 5th of bulking of landfills and subsequent creation of dioxins March 2014 saw Christchurch, New Zealand endure and marine deadzones place plastic pollution alongside widespread severe flooding. Resulting damages are climate change as a dominant planetary threat. Tina estimated to have cost NZD 22.5 million in insurance Ngata will talk about her collaboration with Algalita claims including more than 100 homes that were Marine Research and Education into plastics, using waka inundated with water. Low pressure to the northeast of as platforms for scientific research and the wider link the city in combination with an air mass of subtropical between plastics, ocean acidity and climate change. origin fuelled the extreme rainfall as a conveyor belt of moist air was driven onshore by strong south-easterly flows. Christchurch gardens (Riccarton) received NOTES: 246% of normal March rainfall within a period of 24 hours - the largest one day March rainfall since records began in 1873. This study investigates whether, and to what degree, there was an anthropogenic influence on March rainfall in Christchurch such as observed in 2014. Preliminary results from very large ensembles of regional model simulations show evidence of increased March maximum daily precipitation in Christchurch, New Zealand in the anthropogenic world.
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70 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Keynote Address - The Artificial (and Fungal Diseases and Climate Change – Bionic) Leaf: Fuels and Food from New tools to study hyphal invasion Sunlight, Air and Water Bidanjiri M1, Garrill A1, Nock V1, Shearer H1, Sun Y1, 1 1 Tayagui A Nocera D 1 1 MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical University Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Hybrid biological | inorganic (HBI) constructs have In recent years an unprecedented number of fungal and been created to use sunlight, air and water (as the only oomycete diseases have been responsible starting materials) to accomplish carbon fixation and for some of the most severe die-offs and extinctions of nitrogen fixation, thus enabling distributed and renewable plants and animals ever witnessed [1]. fuels and crop production. The carbon and nitrogen Human activity is intensifying fungal disease dispersal by fixation cycles begin with the artificial leaf, which was modifying natural environments and it invented to accomplish the solar fuels process of natural has been estimated that, due to climate change, photosynthesis – the splitting of water to hydrogen and pathogenic species are spreading towards the Poles oxygen using sunlight – under ambient conditions. To at a rate of 2.8 km yr-1 [2]. In the near future, nascent create the artificial leaf, an oxygen-evolving complex fungal infections will cause increasing attrition of Photosystem II was mimicked, the most important of biodiversity, with wide implications for both human and property of which was the self-healing nature of the ecosystem health [1]. A significant catalyst. Self-healing catalysts of the artificial leaf number of fungi and oomycetes grow as pathogenic permit water splitting to be accomplished under benign species on both plants and animals [3]. The conditions and thus the system may be easily interfaced ability to grow invasively is one of the key processes in with bioorganisms. To this end, using the tools of the pathogenicity of these organisms. synthetic biology, a bio-engineered bacterium has been Protrusive forces generated by the tip of a growing developed to convert carbon dioxide from air, along with hyphae aid in the invasion. To help with the the hydrogen produced from the catalysts of the artificial development of new anti-fungal drugs, we have leaf, into biomass and liquid fuels, thus closing an entire introduced a platform of Lab-on-a-chip devices artificial photosynthetic cycle. The HBI, called the bionic based around force sensing micropillars [4], which will leaf, operates at unprecedented solar-to-biomass (10.7%) help to extend the understanding of the and solar-to-liquid fuels (6.2%) yields, greatly exceeding mechanisms that underlie invasive growth. Better the 1% yield of natural photosynthesis. Extending understanding of the molecular generation of this approach, we have discovered a renewable and protrusive force may impact how we address diseases distributed synthesis of ammonia (and fertilizer) at and infections that occur due to invasive ambient conditions by coupling solar-based water splitting fungal and oomycete growth. to a nitrogen-fixing bioorganism in a single reactor. Nitrogen is fixed to ammonia by using the hydrogen produced from water splitting to power a nitrogenase NOTES: installed in a bioorganism. The ammonia produced by the nitrogenase can be diverted from biomass formation to extracellular production with the addition of an inhibitor. The nitrogen reduction reaction proceeds at a turnover number of 9.1 × 109 per cell and operates without the need for a carbon feedstock (other than the CO2 provided from air). This nitrogen-fixing HBI can be powered by distributed renewable electricity, enabling sustainable crop production. The science that will be presented will show that using only sunlight, air and water, a distributed system may be established to produce fuel and food. Such science will be particularly useful to the poor of the world, where large infrastructures for fuel and food production are not tenable.
71 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Art, Climate Complexity and From Nigeria to the Pacific: A Look at Communities: The Unseen Climate Change Reportage in Nigerian O’Connor G1,2, Longley A1, Fisher K1, Lundquist C1,2 and New Zealand Media 1 2 Auckland University, NIWA Odesanya A1 1Lagos State University Here we describe a decade of development of a strategy that uses Art as a way for multiple publics to One functionalist expectation on roles of the media engage with climate change questions. Collaborating in society borders on responsibility to the social with scientists and communities (e.g. primary school environment. The surveillance role of the media tasks students) in art x science workshops generates a trickle- it to put society under surveillance - in anticipation up dispersal of knowledge. This results in large-scale of likely dangers to lives and belongings. Therefore, temporary public artworks that becomes the delivery it is incumbent on the media to pay attention to the system for understanding and provides the learning environment; this avails it the capacity to issue advance framework allowing students to find an entry point to warnings regarding dangers. Climate change requires wider issues and making connections between climate inclusive attention from the media. Relying on official science concepts. Students become ambassadors reports from the two countries, this paper seeks to for the knowledge and the project, while the art-going examine current state of climatic change reportage in audience widens the community involvement beyond Nigerian and New Zealand press, with a view to critically the initial school-based starting point. The workshops examining levels of attention to what is considered the are being held in a variety of demographic settings most important environmental issue confronting humanity. that crosses scale from local, through to the Pacific, to Specifically, the study hopes to serve as preliminary stage global. In this way, the scientific research areas including of a larger investigation into the subject-matter when the oceanography, marine ecology and ocean acidification researcher commences doctoral studies in Media Studies are put into both a global and local settings. Results and at the Victoria University of Wellington in 2018. outcomes from the strategy will be placed in the context of the author’s practice to demonstrate how ideas based initially in science can cross disciplinary boundaries. NOTES:
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72 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Urutau: How Māori coastal papakainga Invited Speaker - Seeking hope in the recognise indigenous self-determination Anthropocene: How humankind might and build capacity to the effects of achieve deep sustainability climate change Oram R1 1Newsroom Olo-Whaanga S1,2 1Makaurau Marae, 24Sight Consulting Ltd This is the Anthropocene, the geological era in which humankind and its activities is the greatest driver of This study investigates the current issues within New planetary change. Given the ecological, climate and other Zealand for Māori coastal papakāinga in regards to a crises we’ve created, we will have to radically transform changing climate. It explores current projects that Māori all aspects of our lives over the next 20-30 years. We are undertaking to adapt and mitigate these effects, will have to achieve an unprecedented speed, scale and and discusses how a synthesis of western science and complexity of change that humankind has never come Matauranga Māori techniques can develop sustainable within cooee of before. and effective solutions. Research to date has concluded Whilst these are formidable challenges for all people that half of Māori enterprise owned assets operate in globally, we have some advantages here in New climate-sensitive primary industries, however the extent Zealand…such as our cultural foundations, our ecological of papakāinga vulnerability to climate change has yet to diversity, our small scale, our close connections, and the be explored. way we innovate. Hopefully, we will be able to pioneer To synthesise the approaches of Matauranga Māori some solutions to offer to the world, while also borrowing and western science to climate change, it must be first some ideas from elsewhere then adapting, improving and recognised that it is more than the well documented returning them to the wider world. biophysical issues. This includes the vulnerability to sea level rise, intensified weather events, increased temperatures and their specific impacts to the coastal environment. In low lying papakāinga, it has the potential to disrupt the traditional relationship between Māori and NOTES: the environment, displace them from their ancestral lands, reduce customary harvest, and cause major impacts on remote papakāinga. A brief history of the effects on climate change to papakāinga through case studies of Auckland iwi are initially outlined, with particular focus on the threat of climate change on low lying urupā.
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73 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Epistemologies of Environmental Keynote Address - Can Judges make Change in the Pacific: Indigenous a difference?: The scope for judicial Knowledges, Science and Policy decisions on climate change in Overton J1 domestic law 1Victoria University of Wellington Palmer G1 1Victoria University of Wellington Environmental change in the Pacific Islands, including the effects of global climate change, is understood and Political decision-making is at the heart of decisions on felt in many different ways. Scientific research has given both mitigation and adaptation us strong evidence of rises in air and sea temperatures for climate change. While the norms are established and in sea levels, and the prospect of these continuing. internationally, they must be translated in domestic law At the policy and political levels, there has been a range in order to have bite. The making and enforcement of responses. However, often neglected in climate of domestic law in many areas of environmental change discussions are the way people experience protection is frequently less than optimal. Legislation and make sense of environmental changes at the takes time to design and to enact. The details matter local level. Drawing on the ideas of Pacific scholars, a great deal. Laggard governments around the world this paper argues that we need to recognise ‘Oceanic have been subjected to judicial review on their climate epistemologies’, the way Pacific peoples have long change policies. Furthermore, all statutes are subject developed knowledges and understandings of their to interpretation by courts. Administrators can and do environment that is felt through everyday experiences of make mistakes that are corrected by authoritative judicial the land and the sea. Intimate understandings of local interpretation. With particular emphasis on New Zealand environments have been developed, as have biophysical law, this paper will examine the degree to which judicial and human relationships within those environments. They decisions can correct and encourage government have seen and responded to environmental changes policies on climate change and give them a “nudge” over many centuries and they see many accelerated and towards making them effective. The potential role of the serious changes in recent years. These knowledges are Waitangi Tribunal will also be examined. The issue of vital to recognise, value and connect to or else there is whether constitutional protection for the environment, a danger that global climate debates will merely become with application to climate change could be useful will be just another form of imposition that silences the local and canvassed. The paper will conclude with an analysis of prevents meaningful and effective local responses. what the strengths and weaknesses of litigation may be for climate change.
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74 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Pacific Views on Community Resilience Visualising and performing climate to Disasters change: Pacific artists’ imagery of Parra C1, Savai’i K1 climate change 1Auckland University Of Technology Brown C1, Parsons M2 1Pacific Dance, 2School of Environment, The University of The historic resilience of Pacific communities to natural Auckland disasters can be attributed to different factors. Semi- structured in-depth interviews were conducted with nine A multitude of actors – scientists, journalists, NGOs, members of the Pacific community in Auckland of varying artists, politicians – create and employ representations origins and ages. A thematic analysis of these interviews and visualisations of climate change in the Pacific. In showed that disaster resilience in the Pacific was doing so, climate change is evoked in particular ways, attributed by participants to partly culturally prescribed imagined and reimagined, and narrated. Over the pre-disaster preparations; a communal lifestyle including last three decades, specific visualisations of climate implicit expectations of mutual aid and communal change in the Pacific have gained dominance, which ownership of land; a subsistence lifestyle sustainable by foster specific ways of understanding climate change local resources; and a both material and spiritual support while marginalising others. Such imagery, and public from the Church. Research participants also identified engagement with such visuals, influences the cultural dependency-inducing foreign aid and unsustainable politics of climate change in significant ways. This paper Western values as factors contributing to a decline in surveys the ways in which Pacific dancers and visual community resilience in the Pacific. Differences between artists are understanding, exploring and imagining the New Zealand born and island born participants in terms manifestations of climate change in the Pacific. This of their sense of belonging to community and trust in paper explores how climate change is imagined and community support may impact the resilience of Pacific communicated by (Western) scientists, and (Pacific) communities in New Zealand and would require further visual and performance artists. It considers scientific exploration. practices and imaginative forms, including Pacific dance traditions to consider the role creative practices from Pacific artists can play in thinking critically about visualisations of climate change, and potentially offer NOTES: strategies for creating diverse forms of environmental understanding from science modelling, scenario building to metaphorical and material studies. Thematically, this paper addresses the modalities of Pacific climate futures, communication, and adaptation in its study of new framings of climate change.
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75 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Climate change adaptation amongst Tau leo mai i Niue: Voices from Niue in Samoan tourism operators: reflections response to climate change on the role of culture and traditional Pasisi J1 governance structures in the process of 1University Of Waikato adaptation Women, who carry a greater burden of adverse climate Parsons M1, Brown C3, Nalau J2 change impacts, are major repositories of traditional 1School of Environment, The University Of Auckland, knowledge that can help communities adapt to these 2Griffith University,3 Pacific Dance impacts. Yet, this knowledge has not been adequately mapped. This paper sets out to do so by exploring how In the present day many Pacific nations’ economies are Niuean women communicate their experiences and highly dependent on tourism-related revenue and tourism understandings of the impacts of climate change to future is identified as being highly vulnerable to the negative generations. impacts of climate change. Yet, there is limited research The key contribution of the paper is the development of into how tourism can adapt to changing socio-economic a Niuean-centred lens of climate change adaptation that and environmental conditions created by climate change. looks at alternative ways of maintaining and strengthening This paper focuses on examining the adaptive capacities cultural practices to ensure they are not undermined of tourism providers in Pacific nations and how they by the challenges of globalisation and climate change. respond to climate variability and change. This research Such a lens also provides fresh perspectives on the uses a case study of Samoa, a nation that is highly revitalisation of Niuean culture and language. dependent on beach tourism and already vulnerable Drawing on in-depth interviews conducted in Niue and to a variety of natural hazards. The research examines New Zealand, this paper argues that focusing on the the adaptive capacity of tourism operators in Samoa voices of Niuean women in relation to Niuean culture, and the ways in which Fa‘asamoa (the Samoan way of tradition and language inevitably foregrounds questions of life) is fundamental part of how tourism operators plan how this may be passed on to next generations. for and respond to climate variability and extremes. In Exploring the transmission as well as content of Niue many cases, Samoan cultural values and socio-cultural women’s knowledge will both strengthen cultural practices governance systems play a critical role in how adaptation across generations and will also provide opportunities takes place. In the Samoan context, this means that a for policy and decision-making that better engage with Samoan tourism operator is rarely one individual, but a climate change in Niue and in the Pacific region more part of a wider social network, which influences how a broadly. business can or cannot adapt to climate variability and change and hazards.
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76 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Indigenous navigators speak on ocean Exploring the livelihood outcomes of health and climate crisis planned relocation through two case Patai P1 studies from Vanua Levu, Fiji 1 Okeanos Foundation Piggott-McKellar A1, McNamara K1, Pearson J1, Nunn P2, Watson J1,3 Pwo Navigator and Okeanos Vaka Fleet Commander, 1University Of Queensland, 2University of the Sunshine Peia Patai will present on the work of the Okeanos Coast, 3Wildlife Conservation Society Foundation and building a sustainable transport network and using cultural based solutions to the challenges Climate change is currently impacting people’s livelihoods posed by Climate Change in the Pacific. around the world. A slow response in international climate action means these impacts will be increasingly felt, with Pacific Island nations amongst those most exposed and vulnerable. In response, climate adaptation activities are becoming increasingly important in NOTES: dealing with such impacts and in situations where in situ adaptation is not a viable option, community resettlements are occurring. Globally there is a long history of community resettlements from a range of causes including development activities, conflict, and natural disasters. This presents an opportunity to draw on this history and learn lessons that may be transferable to a climate change context. Here I present a review of empirical case studies of community resettlements, with a particular focus on the livelihood outcomes of communities’ post-resettlement. Further, a case study of a recent climate change induced community resettlement from Fiji is explored through discussions with affected communities. I will explore how this research enables a better understanding of livelihood impacts that will be experienced by communities and aid in developing future resettlements. This is vital as the impacts from climate change and subsequent need for resettlements is increasing.
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77 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Keynote Address - Mana Wahine and Perpetuating our kupuna practices Indigenous Knowledges in a context of through the use of outrigger canoes in Climate Change marine resource management Hunt S, Pihama L, Simmonds N, Smith H Pihana H1,2,3, Williams Q1,2,3, Motta R1,2,3 1Nā Waʻa Mauō, 2Keaholoa STEM Program UH Hilo, Leonie Pihama: As chair of this Mana Wahine/Indigenous 3University of Hawaii at Hilo Women’s panel on Climate Change Dr Pihama will begin the discussion with some Kaupapa Maori reflections on the broader Nā Wa’a Mauō is program that uses six-man outrigger issue of Climate change and the role of mātauranga Māori as canoes in marine science research, education, and Indigenous traditional knowledge to inform us about our roles resource management. The intent of the program is to and responsibilities as tangata whenua in the protection of develop more holistic, less invasive, and economical Papatūānuku, Ranginui and all that live between them. methods to studying our ocean systems and to engage Naomi Simmonds: In this panel I will discuss climate change a community of ocean stewards in active marine within a context of tribal environmental and place-based science research and management. The three major knowledges. Using hapū case studies, I seek to demonstrate the depth and breadth of environmental knowledges that are components of Nā Wa’a Mauo are designed to provide embedded in mātauranga-a-hapū/a-iwi and that are intimately participants with diverse experiences that contribute to tied to our relationships with place. Our responsibilities to their understanding of our marine environment, enable the environment are intergenerational, they are enacted them to apply their cultural knowledge and native tools through everyday practice, they are reciprocal and they are in science, and strengthen their scientific research skills. for collective wellbeing of the tribe and wider community. Thus far Nā Waʻa Mauō has developed standardized This is a responsibility that is unique and enduring. There are oceanography and marine science methods that include challenges, however, to our ability as Māori, as iwi, hapū and Native Hawaiian science practices such as environmental whānau to enact these responsibilities. These challenges observations, interpretation of place names, and the are obvious results of a history burdened with land loss, examination of Hawaiian text. The program is also destruction of language and cultural traditions, urbanisation and industrialisation, marginalisation of our legal rights developing the education outreach and cultural exchange and the loss and desecration of our significant sites. More component which intends to bring the waʻa to the children contemporarily, we negotiate a complex web of legislation, as well as bring our Polynesian waʻa communities policy and organisations governing and managing our water together to engage in meaningful marine conservation many of which continue to position Māori at the margins of efforts that integrate our native identities and practices. freshwater management. I will discuss hapū environmental Collectively, Nā Wa’a Mauō introduces participants to an initiatives that are reconnecting whānau with their lands and all-encompassing approach to marine conservation that waters and with the fundamental principles, knowledges and combines Native Hawaiian and Western science methods practices that guided our ancestors in their relationships with and knowledge systems. the environment. Tłaliłila’ogwa (Sarah Hunt): From a Kwagiulth perspective, NOTES: this presentation will discuss the application of coastal law in addressing everyday realities of climate change among communities on the west coast of Canada. In particular, the shoreline will be discussed as a legal and cultural space within which Kwakwaka’wakw peoples foster their sense of wellbeing and form relations of responsibility and reciprocity. Current struggles to assert jurisdiction over coastal waterways will also be discussed, as coalitions have developed in recent years to respond to the impact of fish farms on ocean and community health. Huhana Smith: I shall speak about our team’s experiences with Māori-led, community based projects with other specialists, from Phase 1 climate change work of Adaptation Strategies to Phase 2 Transition Action Planning for coastal Māori land holdings. This research uses art and design to provide a bridge between local Māori arming communities in coastal New Zealand and climate change science. The team have devised a framework of strategies for new farm practices, both from a Maori worldview and scientific knowledge, with potential to provide a pro-active model for other coastal communities. Nā Waʻa Mauō, Canoe Sustainability:
78 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Delivering on the Global Framework for Investor action on climate change Climate Services in the Pacific Prasad A1 1 Elley G1, Ramsay D1, Porteous A1 NZ Superannuation 1 National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Arti will speak about how the NZ Superannuation Fund Climate services provide climate information to assist considers climate change as part of its investments. In decision making by individuals, organisations, sectors specific will outline how the Fund integrates the risks and society, and is essential to our ability to respond and opportunities of climate change in its investment and adapt to climate events, variability and change. strategies and what actions the Fund is taking to manage The Climate Early Warning System (CLEWS) initiative this risk. I will do a quick overview for 10 minutes and that was commenced in Samoa, and is now underway allow 5 mins for questions. in six other Pacific Island countries, has developed an end-to-end data capture and climate services delivery NOTES: system to help develop climate early warning and climate services, improve provision of climate-related information for sector and society decision-making, enhance resilience for health, food and water security, and, in the process, deliver on the WMO Global Framework for Climate Services. Developments have involved the installation of almost 200 automatic rain gauges, weather and hydrometric stations, direct integration of the data with weather and other operational services, automatic ingest to the Pacific climate database, CliDE, and the development of customised data analysis and early warning information on the CliDEsc software suite. Despite the development of the system, translating climate data in to sector-based risk and impact information remains a considerable challenge and one that all climate service initiatives are only beginning to make some progress in addressing.
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79 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Manase Beach Replenishment Savai’i, “Neither rain nor snow nor heat” Samoa – Lessons for Aotearoa from the U.S. Quilter P1 Postal Service’s Climate Change 1Tonkin + Taylor International Adaptation Strategy Raeburn M1 In December 2012, Cyclone Evan slammed into Samoa, 1 wreaking immense damage and causing significant EY economic and infrastructural losses. The motto of the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) engraved Tragically, fourteen people lost their lives in the Category an iconic New York post office reads: ‘Neither snow nor 4 storm – including two children and eight fishermen. rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from The Samoan Government estimated total disaster losses the swift completion of their appointed rounds.’ In 2012, at $USD203.9 million, with tourism losses estimated at Hurricane Sandy’s storm surge stopped just two blocks $USD124.77 million. Job losses were estimated at 9,600 away. – most from the tourism sector. In response, USPS developed a simple but The pristine white sand beach and lagoon make Manase comprehensive climate change adaptation strategy – also home to a number of private fales and meeting to cover half-a-million personnel, 30,000 facilities and houses - a popular tourist destination. Cyclone Evan 200,000 vehicles operating across all fifty states and U.S. caused severe erosion to the beach, slashing visitor island territories. USPS’s strategy: (1) identifies policies numbers and devastating the local economy. Tonkin + and actions that support organisational resilience; and Taylor International (T+TI) was commissioned by the (2) integrates climate change into planning and activities. Samoa Tourism Authority to assess options for shoreline Climate data informs agency decisions, mitigating protection for Manase Beach, to carry out preliminary severe weather impacts on infrastructure and services. design and develop an implementation plan for the best USPS used its adaptation strategy during climate and most practical solution. T+TI Coastal engineer, events including Hurricanes Harvey and Irma, wildfires Peter Quilter, will discuss the creation of two low crested, in California and the rest of the Western U.S., and heat emergent breakwaters built to maintain a beach in front of waves that could harm postal carriers. Vacations and Regina’s Beach Fales. These are vital to USPS’s example shows that any New Zealand increase wave sheltering and modify the wave direction to government agency or business could swiftly employ shore, reducing sediment losses offshore and alongshore, its own simple climate change adaptation strategy. thereby helping to preserve a valued community and Organisations here likewise deal concurrently with cities economic asset. and remote rural areas, vulnerable infrastructure, and employee health and safety. By increasing the adaptive capacity of their assets and operations, New Zealand organisations can reduce their risks now. NOTES:
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80 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
An overview of the NZ CARIM Invited speaker - Drought, flood and (Coastal Acidification: Rate, Impacts sea level rise: climate change and the and Management) programme, with Pacific emphasis on Greenshell™ mussel Renwick J1 resilience research 1Victoria University of Wellington Ragg N1, Law C2, CARIM Team3, 4 Climate change is affecting the southwest Pacific in many 1Cawthron Institute, 2NIWA, 3The University of Auckland, different ways. As the climate warms, the chances of 4University of Otago heavy rainfalls and flooding is increasing. At the same time, the likelihood of droughts is also increasing, in The CARIM programme (2015-2019) is a four-year NZ association with stronger drying of land surfaces, a more government-funded collaboration between research variable South Pacific Convergence Zone, and larger institutions and coastal stakeholders. CARIM research extremes associated with El Niño. In recent decades, the includes monitoring of pH and the carbonate system at rate of sea level rise in the western Pacific has been well three sentinel sites, in the Firth of Thames, Nelson Bays above the global average rate and is expected to continue and the East Otago Taiapure at Karitane. This information above the global average through the 21st century. This underpins development of models to identify the main presentation will review current understanding of the drivers of acidification, which will subsequently inform science and will discuss consequences and adaptation land and coastal management. The ecosystem impacts strategies across the south Pacific and in New Zealand. of coastal acidification on primary production, food quality and habitat availability are being assessed, with a particular focus on the sensitivity of different life stages NOTES: of three iconic NZ species: pāua, Greenshell™ mussel and snapper. Information on the rate of acidification, and the sensitivity of ecosystems and species, will then be used in models to forecast population changes for these species. In addition, novel research is exploring the potential for adaptation within different families of pāua and Greenshell™ mussel. The CARIM project also has a major outreach component that includes an “Oceans Guardians” programme for schools and local communities around the sentinel sites. The presentation will provide an update of progress to date and explore the relevance of findings to the broader Pacific region.
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81 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Climate Change and Kaitiakitanga in Gender, Renewable Energy Systems Early Childhood Education in Aotearoa and Climate Change (New Zealand) Riyad M Affiliation Ritchie J1, Skerrett M1 1Victoria University Of Wellington The deployment of renewable energy systems (RES) as a substitute for fossil fuel generated electricity is generally The recently revised curriculum for early childhood accepted as a suitable mitigation and adaption activity education in Aotearoa, Te Whāriki (NZ Ministry of that is adopted in response to the adverse effects of Education 2017), stipulates a clear responsibility for climate change. kaiako (teachers) to instill a disposition of kaitikitanga Pacific islands, particularly small island developing states (environmental stewardship) within the tamariki (children) (SIDS) have embarked on the deployment of RES with in their settings. Teachers are expected to ‘encourage an the assistance of several donor and development partner understanding of kaitiakitanga and the responsibilities of countries and institutions. Most of these partnerships being a kaitiaki by, for example, caring for rivers, native do involve some level of technology transfer, including forest and birds’ (p. 33). Kaitiakitanga is considered some skills development in recipient organizations. integral to children demonstrating their regard for the This presentation highlights the role of women in the natural world ‘in terms of respect for Papatūānuku deployment of RES in Pacific SIDS. The occupation (Earth Mother), Ranginui (Sky Father) and atua Māori of women in this sector is nascent. The barriers, (Māori compartmental gods)’ (p. 46). This paper aims opportunities, strengths and developments related to the to explore the notion of kaitiakitanga in relation to early involvement of women in RES in the Pacific SIDS are childhood education in the context of Aotearoa and the discussed. wider international context of climate crisis. Content will include illustrative examples from research that has explored children’s conceptualisations of this relationship and of ways in which early childhood education pedagogies can honour a commitment to kaitiakitanga, NOTES: including consideration for the delicate balances that are threatened by climate change.
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82 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Bearing Witness 2017: Phase 2 of a Climate change finance challenges in Pacific climate change journalism the Pacific project case study Ronneberg E1 1SPREP Robie D1 1Auckland University of Technology The economics of climate change poses massive challenges for the Pacific, hence the urgency for the In 2016, the Pacific Media Centre responded to the region to access climate change finance. With a lot of devastation and tragedy wrought in Fiji by Severe Tropical goodwill expressed by major developed countries the Cyclone Winston by initiating the Bearing Witness region is still reporting that there are major challenges journalism project and despatching two postgraduate to accessing global climate change finance. SPREP has students to Viti Levu to document and report on the worked with the region to develop proposals to better impact of climate change (Robie & Chand, 2017). This assist the Pacific accessing these funds, but there are was followed up in 2017 in a second phase of what is still obstacles. This paper will elaborate on the specific hoped would become a five-year mission and expanded challenges and present some ideas that could form the in future years to include other parts of the Asia-Pacific basis of solutions in the near and long term. region. This project is timely, given the new 10-year Strategic Plan 2017-2026 launched by the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) in March and the co-hosting by Fiji of the UN Framework NOTES: Convention on Climate Change (COP23) climate change conference in Bonn, Germany, during November. The students dispatched in 2017 on the ‘bearing witness’ journalism experiential assignment to work in collaboration with the Pacific Centre for the Environment and Sustainable Development (PaCE-SD) and the Regional Journalism Programme at the University of the South Pacific included a report about a remote inland village of Tukuraki. They won the 2017 media and trauma prize of the Asia-Pacific Dart Centre, an agency affiliated with the Columbia School of Journalism. This article is a case study assessing the progress with this second year of the journalism project and exploring the strategic changes under way for more nuanced and constructive Asia-Pacific media responses to climate change.
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83 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Maintaining Self-Determination in Climate change and the New Zealand Climate Change Relocation wine industry: Winegrower perspectives Ross N1 on impacts and adaptation 1 Victoria University of Wellington Ryan A1, Archie K1 1Victoria University of Wellington Climate change may cause certain low-lying States to become uninhabitable, in which case most or all of their The production of high quality wine is inextricably linked people will need to relocate to other States. Research on to the climatic conditions of the grape growing region. this problem focuses on migration law and often assumes Potential changes in seasonal weather conditions that the State (the legal personality in international law) resulting from global climate change could have will be extinguished. The risk with these directions is that significant impacts on the production of wine in New low-lying States’ citizens would transform from being Zealand, and because wine is New Zealand’s primary members of outright majorities in their own countries to horticultural export, changes in growing conditions being migrant minorities in other countries. Among other could have wide reaching impacts. Recent literature things, this imperils their ongoing enjoyment of the right emphasises the ways in which a changing climate will to self-determination, that is, the right to freely determine alter grape composition and the style of wine while their political status, and their economic, social and also suggesting a global shift in the geography of wine. cultural development. Regardless, self-determination is However, there is little research as to how the New ignored in the research and policy work on this issue. Zealand industry will be affected or what adaptation To mitigate the risks associated with climate change- strategies are being developed. Using an online survey induced relocation, I have explored in my doctoral and semi structured interviews, this research examines research the applicability and importance of the New Zealand winegrower perceptions of climate change, international law of self-determination to the low-lying knowledge of adaptation strategies and perceived barriers States and their peoples. In this presentation, I will offer to implementation. Our results suggest that New Zealand a framework for understanding the entitlements that self- winegrowers are somewhat aware of the impacts of determination affords to the peoples of low-lying States. climate change, but are limited in planning for adaptation Furthermore, I will set out the respective duties on third due to a lack of specific, regional climate predictions. party States to assist the low-lying States’ relocation in a Results suggest that the main barriers to adaptation in the way that preserves self-determination. New Zealand wine industry are the financial costs and a lack certainty in future conditions.
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84 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Development of guidance for coastal Indigenous peoples’ climate change protection works in Pacific island claims countries Sharp M1, Te Whenau T, Smith N 1Mauao Legal Chambers Blancka M2, Estigarribia L3, James T C2, Shand T1, Whalley O3 In June 2016 a claim was filed in New Zealand’s Waitangi 1Tonkin + Taylor International, 2Water Research Tribunal no behalf of the Mataatua District Maori Council Laboratory, UNSW Australia, 3The Pacific Regional alleging that the Crown was acting in breach of its Treaty Infrastructure Facility of Waitangi obligations towards Māori as a result of the New Zealand government failing to implement adequate The reshaping and loss of land due to coastal erosion policies to address the threats posed by global climate is an ever-present concern for Pacific Island Countries change. It is hoped that the claim will be heard in 2018. (PICs) and may be caused by natural factors, including This claim appears to be the first climate change claim extreme weather events and sea level rise resulting brought on behalf of indigenous peoples. The claim from climate change, and anthropogenic influences. is based around the Crown’s obligations of “active Where erosion conflicts with road, maritime, community protection” towards Māori stemming from article two of or aviation infrastructure, these high value assets, which the Treaty of Waitangi. Such obligations have parallels often provide critical lifelines, are put at risk. In recent with the common law “public trust doctrine” upon which years, severe hydrometerological events resulting from climate change claims in the United States of America climate change have adversely impacted infrastructure, are based. Under this approach the government is held economies, lives and livelihoods. A study undertaken responsible as a trustee of the environment on behalf by the Pacific Regional Infrastructure Facility (PRIF) of indigenous peoples to deal with the threats of climate catalogued existing approaches to coastal protection change. and critically evaluated them against engineering, In this presentation, we will discuss the Waitangi Tribunal environmental, social and financial criteria. claim and the general potential of indigenous peoples in Affordable Coastal Protection in the Pacific Islands The the Pacific and elsewhere to bring climate change claims study examined conventional approaches such as rock against governments. revetments, and alternative protection methods, such as the use of smaller hand-placed sand-filled geotextile containers and the use of concrete masonry “besser” construction blocks, both placed on a sloping revetment. NOTES: These innovative protection options have the benefit of being either widely available or cheaper to import to Pacific Islands, and can be placed without heavy construction equipment. This paper presents results from the desktop review, the physical model testing and summarises the subsequently developed design guidance. The research recognises the increasing importance for PICs to utilise their natural resources in addressing climate change mitigation measures.
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85 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Samoa: reaching 100% fossil fuel offset Climate change, migration and using sustainable local resources displacement in the pacific: Shearer I1, Bittar A1, Kiani Z1 Perspectives from the Red Cross Red 1Front End Solar Technologies Ltd Crescent movement 1 We have carried out a countrywide and detailed technical Simperingham E 1 and economic assessment of renewable resources and IFRC (international Federation of Red Cross and Red corresponding electricity technologies in Samoa. Crescent Societies) Beyond existing and proposed hydro, wind and solar Human mobility linked to disasters and climate change plants, we have analysed further local solar, wind, is set to be one of the greatest humanitarian challenges hydro and biomass potential in order to derive optimal of the 21st Century. On average, an estimated 24 million combinations of plants to achieve 100% sustainable people per year are displaced by disasters – with nearly supplies, to offset all imported fuels and mitigate GHG 90 percent occurring in the Asia Pacific region. The production for the years up to 2035. Pacific is already experiencing human mobility linked to Several energy and development growth scenarios climate change – including migration, displacement and have been developed and the need for new renewable the permanent relocation of entire communities. As the energy supplies has been analysed in detail to confirm effects of climate change intensify – it is expected that the sustainable and ongoing GHG mitigating development numbers of people on the move and their humanitarian potential. The research has spawned future research needs will increase across the Pacific. incorporating new rapidly developing energy and storage This paper focuses on the humanitarian consequences technologies and the use of smart networks. of human mobility and climate change in the Pacific. The paper presents the perspective of the Red Cross Red Crescent Movement – the world’s largest humanitarian NOTES: network and active in 14 Pacific island nations and hundreds of Pacific communities. The paper provides an overview of the measures that are being undertaken to prepare for human mobility, measures to respond to the humanitarian consequences of human mobility and measures to support longer-term recovery, social inclusion and resilience. The paper concludes with key recommendations for States, stakeholders and communities to scale up and strengthen humanitarian action across the Pacific.
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86 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Climate Change Observations in the Moving from Phase One to Two: Pacific Mātauranga Māori, Art, Design, Sio A1 Ecological Economics and Climate 1NZ Labour Party, Minister for Pacific Peoples Change Science Smith H1 This presentation will provide participants with video 1 clippings and photos of my observations following School of Art, College of Creative Arts, Massey interviews I had with Government, church and youth University individuals on the islands of Tuvalu and Kiribati following Phase One research for ‘Adaptation Strategies for a visit I made in April 2016 to see the impact of the rising Climate Change for Coastal Māori Communities’ explored sea levels and how it is affecting the residents on these alternative frameworks and methods for addressing short- islands. It will present how the residents are feeling term and longer-term impacts of sea level rise on Māori about rising sea levels, their dreams and aspirations and farming communities in Horowhenua. The intent was to their feelings towards the global industrial nations that encourage visions, strategies and actions that adapts contribute towards global warming. housing, agriculture and ecosystems. Our research applied three mātauranga Māori knowledge systems to NOTES: cultivate a more culturally-determined approach to land and waterways. These were whakapapa (the interrelated genealogies between all things); hīkoi (walking talking hui with knowledge specialists); and kōrero tuku iho (oral narratives of place). Art and design provides a bridge between Māori knowledge systems and traditional science. The research method included a series of exhibitions which showed the potential for engaging Māori farming communities, in the short and long term, and for regenerating a culturally, environmentally and economically prosperous future. The Phase Two research project emphasises improved communication strategies in order to actively assess all risks and simultaneously, co-create transition action plans of mutual benefit.
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87 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
An Indigenous People’s Right to Keynote Address - Climate Change Environmental Self-Determination: 2018: Rising Risks, Critical Choices Native Hawaiians and the Struggle Steffen W1 1 Against Climate Change Devastation Australian National University Sproat D1 As we approach the end of the decade, we are at a 1University of Hawaiʻi Richardson School Of Law critical juncture in the climate change challenge. Although solutions for rapid greenhouse gas emission reductions My presentation explores indigenous peoples’ proactive are beginning to appear, time is running out to build the responses to the deleterious impacts of global warming. effective global action needed to meet the Paris targets. It is the first to proffer a restorative justice framework This talk will focus on recent climate research, focusing emanating from local legal regimes to more fully claim strongly on a systems perspective that places individual and realize the indigenous right to environmental self- research advances into a broader, integrative framework. determination in the context of global warming. More An emphasis will be on tipping elements – processes specifically, it examines Native Hawaiians’ potential within the climate system that can change rapidly, and deployment of local laws that embody restorative sometimes irreversibly, when a critical level of pressure justice principles to fashion meaningful remedies for on them is reached. Tipping elements will likely not act in colonialism’s longstanding environmental and cultural isolation but can potentially reinforce each other, forming damage. cascades that could take the climate to a much hotter This notion of restorative justice is imperative because it state than that resulting from human emissions on their links environmental justice for native peoples to principles own. Minimising the risk that tipping cascades could of self-determination. Preeminent Native American legal take the trajectory of climate change out of human control scholar Rebecca Tsosie opens the door to an indigenous requires that humanity make some critical choices over right to environmental self-determination by framing the next few years, and by 2020 at the latest. global warming as an environmental justice issue for native peoples and implicating the international human right of self-determination as crucial to addressing it. In this context, the question is: as a matter of environmental justice for indigenous peoples, do state and local NOTES: governments have an affirmative restorative justice obligation to address the deleterious impacts of global warming? And, if so, what does that obligation look like?
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88 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Design the Solar Cells of the Future – A At the Very Edge of a Storm: The Impact Study into the Influence of Local Order of a Distant Cyclone on Atoll Islands in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell Dyes Taupo T1 1Victoria University of Wellington Gordon K1,2, Hodgkiss J2,4, L. Nguyen T3, Sutton J1,2 1Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, The intensity of cyclones in the Pacific is predicted to New Zealand, 9016, 2The MacDiarmid Institute for increase and sea levels are predicted to rise, so an atoll Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington nation like Tuvalu can serve as the ‘canary in the mine’ 6140, New Zealand, 3Department of Chemistry, College pointing to the new risks that are emerging because of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of climatic change. Based on a household survey we conducted in Tuvalu, we quantify the impacts of Tropical of Korea, 4School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Cyclone Pam (March 2015) on households, and the Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New determinants of these impacts in terms of hazard, Zealand exposure, vulnerability and responsiveness. Households experienced significant damage due to the storm surge While silicon solar cells are attractive as an efficient and caused by the cyclone, even though the cyclone itself environmentally friendly power source they suffer from passed very far away (about a 1000km from the islands). significant limitation around cost and manufacturing This risk of distant cyclones has been overlooked in challenges. One cheaper and simpler to manufacture the literature, and ignoring it leads to significant under- alternative to traditional silicon solar cells are bulk estimation of the disaster risk facing low-lying atoll heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. However, these also islands. Lastly, we constructed hypothetical policy have limitations, namely around overall performance scenarios, and calculated the estimated loss and damage and efficiency. This has resulted in a large amount of they would have been associated with – a first step in scientific study into the design of both solar cell dyes building careful assessments of the feasibility of various and manufacturing techniques for creation of BHJ solar disaster risk reduction policies. cells in order to increase their overall performance, while further decreasing the cost and identifying more efficient manufacturing route. In this research, in conjunction with NOTES: Korea University a series of similar dyes for BHJ solar cells have been studied in order to identify how small structural changes influence the crystallinity of the dye, which is one of the critical properties to cell performance, and what influence this variation in crystallinity has on the properties and performance of the dyes. We are developing methods by which to do this easily and quickly.
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89 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Using Global Youth Responses to Climate Porous Nanomaterials Change Telfer S1 Thompson J1, Brar J1, Terada C 1MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and 1Our Poles Our Planet Nanotechnology, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand The Polar Regions are faced with numerous challenges as well as changes that will continue to accelerate in the Capturing carbon dioxide at the emission source is a future. Due to climate change, we are seeing melting well-established strategy for reducing atmospheric levels permafrost, sea level rise, glacial melt, coastal erosion, of this greenhouse gas. Despite being widely deployed, and much more. These are changes that not only impact existing capture (“scrubbing”) technologies are inefficient the Polar Regions but the world, however it is these and energy-intensive. Nanomaterials that have pores that regions that act as an indicator for climate change, of can trap carbon dioxide are emerging as an alternative what is happening and what will happen. Therefore, it solution with many potential advantages. The porous is important to raise awareness of Arctic and Antarctic structure of these materials allows them to adsorb carbon issues and how they may be pertinent to an audience. dioxide in the same way that a kitchen sponge mops up It is also important to discuss the role that we, youth, water. I will present a non-technical overview of porous play in this dynamic world. Youth are not the leaders of nanomaterials and their applications in the realm of tomorrow, but the leaders of today. Youth have the power carbon dioxide capture. to affect worldwide change by expressing their values, ideas and opinions particularly through social media. In our presentation we will be discussing movements led NOTES: by youth around the world, at grassroots and national levels, where they have created positive change in their communities. We will be emphasizing the importance and necessity of actively engaged youth as well ways collaborate and include youth in organizations, groups and activities.
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90 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Invited Speaker - Mary Shelley’s Invited Speaker - Fighting in the courts Frankenstein and the Summer of 1816 for a safe climate Thomson H1 Thomson S1 1Victoria University of Wellington 1Graduate lawyer Climate change forces us to question what it means to I will share my experience in taking judicial review be human. In June 1816, the year without a summer proceedings against the government and challenging it’s because of the catastrophic Tambora eruption, a group of emissions reduction targets. I will also give some insight friends organized a ghost story writing competition on a into the recent wave of citizen led climate litigation around rainy night in the Swiss Alps. Mary Shelley wrote a story the globe, and the role citizens and lawyers must play in about an overreaching inventor, Victor Frankenstein, ensuring our governments act on climate change. Finally, who constructs and animates a creature which he I can touch on the possibilities for citizen led climate abandons because of its ugliness. Throughout the story litigation in the future. Shelley addresses difficult but vital questions about reckless human endeavours and their uncontrollable consequences. While Shelley did not write about climate NOTES: change as such, her novel Frankenstein, published two- hundred years ago in 1818, is a prime example of how literature can play a part in consciousness-raising about scientific pursuits, motivations, outcomes, side-effects, and responsibilities. The consensus that ‘supposedly better information and knowledge along is not powerful enough to engage the public and produces action’ to address climate change (Corbett and Clark, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science) forces us to think about the possible role of narrative and story-telling in order to weave a web of awareness and so transform the fabric of knowledge. In addition, Shelley’s novel vividly illustrates that these narratives do not necessarily need to be contemporary.
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91 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Local Communities Lead the Way: Ecosystem-based adaptation planning Adaptation and mitigation to climate on the garden island of Taveuni, Fiji change in the Pacific Timmermans H1 1 Thorp T1, Baice T2, de Jong M1 SPREP 1Caritas Aotearoa New Zealand Known for its rugged landscape, native forests and 2 Faculty of Education and Social Work, Matātā biodiversity, Taveuni is considered a national treasure Taua’oa’oga ma Galuega o Manūuga Fa’afaigānu’u with valuable eco-tourism and agroforestry potential. Local communities around the Pacific have been However, climate and non-climate factors undermine responding to climate change and other environmental Taveuni’s social and biophysical environment with impacts on their oceans and coastlines throughout implications for its resilience. history. Grassroots-based research by Caritas over the The Pacific Ecosystem-Based Adaptation to Climate last four years through its Oceania environment report Change project (PEBACC) works with national and local series shows a range of recent responses. stakeholders to promote a more ecologically sustainable This presentation shares three examples of how the and resilient development pathway. people of Te Moana-nui- a-Kiwa (the people of the The objectives of the project are i) to conduct ecosystem Pacific Ocean) are navigating new pathways to tackle an and socio-economic resilience analysis and mapping unknown future: (ESRAM) to inform adaptation planning, ii) to identify, 1. The Carteret Islanders of PNG are building resilience compare and prioritise EbA options and develop EbA and adapting to climate change by migrating from implementation plans, and iii) to support demonstration a fisheries-based lifestyle on threatened atolls to EbA activities. more of an agricultural way of life on mainland Key issues emerging relate to a loss of protected forest Bougainville; from encroachment of small-scale taro and yagona 2. The people of Solosolo, Samoa, are making plans farming systems as farmers move upslope in search for their future by relocating inland due to coastal of soil fertility and moisture. Prolonged drought and erosion; and changing precipitation further constrain agricultural 3. On the island of Nggela, Solomon Islands, a wind/ production and water supply. An influx of non-land owning solar/diesel installation that linked Caritas up with immigrant farmers results in landuse decisions being innovative kiwi technology came about from the local driven by short-term economic gain. community wanting to power up a rural community EbA initiatives such as PEBACC empower stakeholders training center and replace diesel generation with to deal with the tradeoffs needed to place the island on a sustainable energy. more sustainable and resilient development pathway. The presentation will show how people closest to what is happening need to lead decision-making processes about their future. NOTES:
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92 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Indigenous navigators speak on ocean The Art of Resistance (and showing a health and climate crisis music video Reverse Resistance) Tipoki R1 Urale M1 1Te Matau a Maui 1Artist
Raihania Tipoki is an experienced voyager and captain. I was born in my father’s village Fagamalo on Savai’i. He will share his experiences in indigenous political My grandmother’s village is Falealupo and my mother’s activism on climate change across the globe and his village is Safune. All three villages are on the northern views on the the waka kaupapa in protecting oceans and coast of Savai’i. peoples. Pacific artists are confronting climate change. ‘Reverse Resistance’ is a music video filmed in our villages in Savai’i, with my sister Sima (director) for NOTES: our brother King Kapisi. I was the Producer. Through art, we collaborated as an ‘aiga, born of Savai’i, to comment through creativity, the plight of our villages and culture post-colonialism. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=CbrJeqRhKhY Pacific artists are the new explorers and dreamers of our Moana people, telling stories in film, poetry, dance, theatre and music - the global power of Parris Goebel, the strength of Neil Ieremia, the philosophy of Lemi Ponifasio, the innovation of Yuki Kihara, the books of Albert Wendt, the beauty and challenges of poems from Karlo Mila and Tusiata Avia. I believe it is time for the worlds of science, physics and academia to forge a stronger net with artists of the Moana. Our creativity bonds us. The urgency of homes and Pacific survival in drowning islands and volatile weather, calls artists and scientists to create meaningful and effective strategies together.
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93 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Indigenous navigators speak on ocean Utililising Marine Protected Areas to health and climate crisis Facilitate Climate Change Adaptation: van Dijken S1 Tales from the Pacific 1Samoan Voyaging Society and Conservation Vithanage A1 International 1Immediate Past-Chair, Law Society of NSW Young Lawyers International Law Committee, 2L.L.M. Candidate, President of the Samoan Voyaging Society and Marine The Elisabeth Haub School of Law, Pace University Program Director for CI Pacific Islands Program, Schannel will present on using the Polynesian traditional Climate Change is already affecting our Pacific marine voyaging canoe (Va’a, Vaka or Waka) as an effective ecosystems. Climate change induced bio-geographical and engaging floating classroom. Perfect platform in the changes are taking place at a scale and ferocity beyond highly dispersed Pacific Islands to deliver educational contemplation. As a defined geographical area dedicated programs and empowering communities to manage their to achieving long term marine conservation, Marine resources more effectively in a changing climate. How do Protected Areas (MPA), if viewed holistically and in the we take this from Pilot to national to regional scale? long term, have a vital role to play in adapting to climate change impacts in marine environments. Drawing on successful implementation of MPAs in the NOTES: Pacific, from the small-scale Funafuti Conservation Area to the large-scale Phoenix Islands Protected Area, this presentation highlights the adaptation opportunities they offer. Be it as an awareness tool for local communities, an educational mechanism for climate trend analysis or a means of lessening the impact of non-climate change stressors on the marine environment, the potential for MPAs to foster an environment capable of adapting to climate change impacts is apparent. Despite this capability, recognition of such is still limited in MPA design and implementation. The far-reaching impacts of climate change also necessitates inter-regional cooperation between regional seas and, most recently, the high seas. The presentation concludes on how these inter-linked ocean environments and their management may be harmonised to facilitate a global climate change adaptation strategy through MPAs.
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94 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Resilience and Councils – what local A conceptual framework for resilient government can do development in the Pacific Islands Wade-Brown C1 Iese V1, Dean A2, Patolo S3, Havea R1, Hoponoa T3, 1Living Streets Aotearoa Wairiu M1, Bosenaqali S1, Tuisavusavu A1, de Combe H1 1The University of the South Pacific, 2University of New Climate Change adaptation and mitigation policies and South Wales, 3Mainstreaming of Rural Development and actions are often framed as the responsibility of the Innovation Tonga Trust (MORDI TT) UN, Central Governments, civil society, businesses or individuals. There is already a set of institutions where Pacific island countries are engaged in multiple these come together that must plan for the future of their approaches to climate change adaptation and disaster communities. Local government is rarely mentioned but is risk management. Unfortunately, these approaches to a setting where we can really “Think Global, Act Local”. climate change adaptation and disaster risk management Land use Planning, Transport, Biodiversity, Drinking have developed mostly in parallel to development water, Stormwater and Sewage, Coastal protection, processes, with weak linkages to communities. In Social Housing and Cultural investment are some of the this paper we propose a conceptual framework for many areas Councils fund or influence that have huge resilient development in the Pacific, where community implications for Climate change scenarios. development plans are the foundation of all development Wellington and Christchurch have been part of the processes in a country. In this framework, community Rockefeller 100 Resilient Cities network. How has that development plans are the basis for formulating helped us plan better? community priorities that are aligned with the national What other Council Climate initiatives are happening that level development priorities. The community development go under the radar? plan provides the details for implementation and action What options does the public have for affecting change in for the broad, national-level development themes. This Council investment in the next ten years? development process directs implementation at all levels, not only from the government but also from development partners. In this way, development actions are more likely to address community needs. Climate change and disaster risk management are integrated at key entry NOTES: points along this meet-in-the-middle development process and implementation, making it resilient. Using a case study of Tonga the paper demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach. We argue that this resilient development framework must be the way forward for integration of climate change and disaster risk management into development in the Pacific islands.
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95 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Designing ecosystem based adaptation Land Acquisition as a Tool for projects – a case study of Tanna Island, Facilitating Retreat from Rising Seas: Vanuatu Perspectives from Adelaide, South Ware D1, Mackey B1, Buckwell A1, Nalau J1, Sahin O1, Australia 1 1 1 1 Flemming C , Smart J , Halgren W , Connolly R , Watson J1 2 Loubser D 1University Of South Australia 1Griffith University,2 Secretariat for the Pacific Regional Environment Program Land surrounding the Port River tidal estuary in metropolitan Adelaide is expected to experience Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) provides a significant significant inundation by 2100 due to rising seas, storm opportunity for small island developing states across surges, and land subsidence. The cost of flood damage Oceania to simultaneously deal with climate change to areas of vulnerable residential, commercial, and threats and progress towards Sustainable Development industrial land could be as high as $180–$310 million. Goals. The significant potential for EbA and its distinctions Traditional adaptive solutions have their shortcomings: from other adaptation approaches (e.g. capital works or hard protection measures and improving drainage community based), requires the development of specific infrastructure are expensive (an estimated $32 and $40 project planning and design practices. This case study million respectively), and accommodating floodwaters describes an approach to design and planning of EbA by raising building floor levels is unsuitable for existing projects on Tanna Island in Vanuatu that involved an built form. But what about a retreat strategy – would it island scale ecosystem assessment that informed a risk be feasible to remove people and development from assessment to identify priority interventions and locations. vulnerable land? Ecosystem services valuation, cost effectiveness analysis This presentation aims to provide insights into alternative were then applied to adaptation options to create adaptation methods for Anglo-based common law business cases for investments in EbA projects. jurisdictions such as New Zealand. It focuses on land This project has shown that to promote successful acquisition laws to effect retreat, and will introduce and EbA on Tanna and in similar contexts projects must explain voluntary purchases of land and determinable simultaneously address; institutional capacity, land and defeasible fee simple estates. It will argue that use change pressures and conservation. Institutional governments seeking to adapt developed land by capacity building is needed that better connects formal taking private property should adopt these tools as the planning with kastom based land and sea ecosystem preferred policy approach. In reaching this conclusion the management. Land use change pressures on forest discussion will highlight the strengths and weaknesses ecosystems need to be addressed through projects that of related techniques such as compulsory acquisition, increase the sustainability of the subsistence farming leasebacks, and landswap schemes. system. Greater use should be made of formal community conservation areas to ensure conservation and sustainable management of forest and reef ecosystems. NOTES:
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96 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Increased renewable energy in Pacific Climate change challenges to society Islands can enhance resilience and culture in Pacific Island countries 1 1 Weir T , Kumar M 1 1 2 1 Weir T , Dovey L , Orcherton D Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian 1Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University National University, 2consultant Pacific Island Counties (PICs) suffer from both the high Climate-related disasters such as tropical cyclones, cost of fossil fuel imports and from numerous climate- floods and droughts are not new to Pacific Islanders. related disasters. These vulnerabilities will worsen unless Through their effects on the island environment, these there is a substantial global shift away from fossil fuels hazards have a range of socio-economic impacts on towards renewable energy (RE) sources, coupled with food (fisheries and crops) and water supply, tourism, and significant improvements in energy efficiency. coastal buildings and infrastructure. Climate change Such a shift in the PICs will enhance their energy security not only exacerbates those hazards but also raises new and thus their resilience to climate change (CC) and other threats, such as sea level rise and ocean acidification, disasters. But because the PICs’ total contribution to that have no precedent in the past 500 years, and for global greenhouse gas emissions is tiny, even a total shift which there are therefore no traditional adaptations, by them to RE would do little for mitigation of CC, except although Pacific innate ingenuity and resilience remains as an example to larger countries. strong. These issues are particularly acute for the The only substantial uses of RE in the Pacific currently low-lying atoll countries whose continued existence is are biomass-fuelled cooking, hydropower in some of threatened by sea level rise, but also affect those that the hillier island countries, and stand-alone solar home live on higher islands in coastal settlements, where most systems in rural areas. There is, however, potential in of their population is concentrated. Climate change thus some islands for grid PV, geothermal, and/or biofuels. sharpens social and cultural issues of equity (reflecting Barriers to wider use of RE are mostly institutional and disparities in location, income, education, gender, health, financial. age), made even more acute by increased levels of All Pacific Island countries have ambitious RE targets voluntary or forced migration within, and even more so (listed in their NDCs) but many face challenges on beyond, island country boundaries. Consequently, many achieving them. Moreover, many of the targets apply only islanders see climate change as a moral challenge to to electricity sector and ignore transport which is a major the richer countries to reduce their greenhouse gas fuel use. emissions that are causing the problem.
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97 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Effective coastal resource management Making sense of societal is critical for climate change adaptation transformations in view of climate in the Pacific change: examples from a focus group Welch D1, Johnson J2, Hooper E3, Edney G3, study in Fiji Waterhouse J2 Feetham P2, Linnér B2, Vaccarino F2, Wibeck V1 1C2O Fisheries, 2C2O Consulting, 3OceansWatch 1 Linköping University, 2Massey University, NZ Throughout the Pacific Island region coastal fishing has This presentation will discuss findings from an ongoing a rich cultural history and is important for food security international focus group study examining ways in and livelihoods. Despite this, effective management of which laypeople in different societies can make sense coastal resources is limited and often neglected in favour of societal transformations to sustainability. Whereas of lucrative oceanic fisheries. This scenario, along with the larger collaborative project includes data from Cabo increasing human populations and threats from climate Verde, China, Fiji, the USA and Sweden, this presentation change, has resulted in widespread overfishing. In will particularly focus on findings from city and village response, regional and national policies and strategic focus groups conducted during two field trips to Fiji. It will plans have acknowledged that the introduction of basic hone in on focus group participants’ sense-making of the coastal resource management is now a key climate problems facing contemporary societies, desired goals change adaptation. Implementation of these policies and and the pathways for change – or the why, what and how plans are inhibited by a continued lack of capacity and of sustainability transformations. resourcing. Community-based resource management is In a world faced with climate change, rapid urbanization, traditional among Pacific nations, and never before has increasing energy demands, and pressing need for it been more critical to complement national efforts. Here poverty reduction, there is increasing attention in science, we present a simple and culturally appropriate fisheries policy-making and media to go beyond incremental catch survey method that directly informs community- change to stimulate societal transformations toward based management decisions and fills a common data sustainability. For example, societal transformation was a gap about subsistence fishing. The catch monitoring widely discussed issue in the 2015 Paris climate change method is part of a Community Monitoring Toolkit and meeting, and features prominently in the United Nation’s supports local decision-making that can play a crucial role 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. Discussions in moving towards sustainable coastal fisheries. We also about societal transformations involves social, highlight the key elements that are needed to fulfil the cultural and political dimensions that concern citizens requirements of regional policies and in ensuring future around the world. In exploring citizen perspectives on food security and livelihoods from coastal fishing. transformations we add to the emerging literature on sustainability transformations, contributing insights into what sustainability transformations mean to different NOTES: groups of actors, in different societies and not the least in the Global South.
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98 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Forecast-based Financing of disaster Earth System Modelling for the Deep preparedness in the Pacific: Challenges South National Science Challenge and opportunities Williams M1, Morgenstern O1 Wilden T1 1NIWA 1Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre The 5th Assessment Report of IPCC identified several Changes to the severity and frequency of some extreme shortcomings of simulations of Southern-Hemisphere hydro-meteorological events are among the most climate that affect confidence in these simulations. significant implications of climate change for Pacific island Amongst them are significant errors in the simulation communities. of Southern Ocean sea ice, problems with capturing Building anticipatory capacity, from local to national aspects of the oceanic circulation there, and widespread scales, is a crucial component of resilience-based problems with adequately simulating clouds in this approaches to climate change adaptation. However, to region. In response, the New Zealand Government has date, most financing mechanisms available to Pacific launched the Deep South National Science Challenge. governments for disasters are activated and accessed The aim of this endeavour is to improve the quality of once certain disaster impact thresholds have been climate projections available for the Southern Hemisphere realized. This paper presents Forecast-based Financing in order to better inform adaptation measures. This will (FbF) a method for enabling proactive, early and cost- be achieved through a combination of measurements effective disaster preparedness action when stakeholders and modelling, targeting aspects of an Earth System know that the risk of an extreme event is heightened. Model that would benefit from improved understanding Such a mechanism involves the automated release of of high-latitude climate physics. To achieve this, we are financing to undertake pre-defined actions to reduce partnering with a major international climate modelling exposure and vulnerability at multiple scales when centre, the UK Met Office. Modelling under the Deep specific forecast triggers are issued. The paper aims to South National Science Challenge is a collaborative effort present key considerations to make FbF viable at scale involving partners at the major New Zealand universities in the Pacific, drawing on work undertaken to date in the and some research institutes. I will present some salient Solomon Islands for anticipatory drought preparedness initial results from the Deep South modelling programme. action. Challenges and opportunities associated with building a nationally-owned system for increasing anticipatory capacity are examined. NOTES:
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99 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Combatting climate change Indigenous Voices Wiremu H1 through technology – the role of 1 superconductivity International Re-evaluation Counseling Wimbush S1 Indigenous Voices 1Victoria University of Wellington Hemaima Wiremu Ngāti Raukawa ki te Tonga Technological approaches to the mitigation of climate Re-evaluation Co-counselor change are an important component of the overall Bachelor of Visual Arts response, providing the opportunity to maintain quality Traditional Māori Rongoā Healer (and convenience) of life of the privileged whilst simultaneously addressing the worst of its attendant My paper is a personal response to the findings of impacts on the global climate. The risk is that by deferring indigenous workshops I facilitated at COP21 (Paris 2015) to future technological (or perceived “easy-fix”) solutions, and Cop22 (Marrakesh 2016). I was a delegate for a UN- we actually do nothing, and climate degradation proceeds approved NGO called ‘Sustaining All Life’, which applies unchecked. the tools of Re-evaluation Counseling to encourage The nascent technology of superconductivity – already indigenous people to overcome the effects of oppression. widespread in the form of MRI machines in hospitals Workshop participants came from all over the world, across the developed world – provides a broad-based including the Arctic, the Pacific, Canada, Hawaii, Tibet, platform upon which to build more sustainable energy Spain and the Amazon, as well as New Zealand. systems across the energy life cycle from generation Despite this diversity, we all share key similarities: 1. a through storage and transmission and ultimately to profound love and understanding for our environments, utilisation. which form the basis of our cultures and traditional In this brief talk, I shall give an outline of some of the livelihoods; 2. the threat to those cultures and livelihoods ways in which superconducting technologies can from climate change; 3. a conviction that nobody is contribute to this effort, in both the near and long term, listening to us. at large and small scales. From improving the efficiency I note that the conference themes are built around of present-day wind turbines and other electrical scientists, lawyers, politicians, economists, artists and the generators to the fusion power stations of the future; media. There is also an acknowledgement of ‘grassroots’ through superconducting magnetic energy storage and input. However, there is no specific reference to those transmission lines to smooth out the fluctuations of whose roots go deeper still. My paper ends in a plea to renewable energy production and link together distributed listen to the voices of these indigenous peoples. grids; to the realisation of electric aircraft and other forms of non-polluting transportation. It is this cross- cutting applicability of superconducting technologies that avoids the “all eggs in one basket” approach of other NOTES: technological solutions.
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100 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
The role of Pacific media in the Voice of Climate crisis, corporate imaginaries the Pacific at FCCC and creative self-destruction Ronneberg E1, Woonton N1 Wright C1 1SPREP 1NIWA The Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment In the space of two centuries of industrialization, Programme (SPREP) have offered a wide range of humanity’s embrace of fossil fuel energy has changed support services to the Pacific media, working with the very chemistry of the atmosphere and oceans with partners to help raise Pacific visibility leading up to, and profound consequences. We now face a grim future; large at the event. tracts of the Earth rendered uninhabitable, the collapse With Fiji as the host of the UNFCCC COP23, this will be of global food production, the acidification of the oceans, an opportune time to enhance the Pacific voice, providing substantial sea-level rise and storms and droughts of strong visibility of this small island region – our presence growing intensity. So how has it come to this? How to on this planet, our challenges and our achievements. paraphrase Elizabeth Kolbert, has a technologically While the Pacific islands may be small, the scope for advanced society chosen in essence to destroy itself? strong, durable and genuine partnerships to make In this presentation I argue that the particular neoliberal continue making strong headway towards achieving the variant of late capitalism that now dominates global Paris Agreement is extremely possible. The presentation political-economy not only obfuscates the need for a will highlight the methodologies used for media training fundamental questioning of the capitalist imaginary of before COP, and assess how that training assisted in endless growth and resource exploitation but exacerbates getting the Pacific voice heard. It will also cover past the problem by framing business and markets as the exercises of a similar nature, and make recommendations only means of responding to the crisis. In essence, the for a more sustainable approach. prevailing political view is that capitalism is not a cause of climate change but as an answer to it. In particular, the presentation will focus on three core imaginaries that NOTES: underpin our creative self-destruction: ‘business as usual’, ‘green business’ and ‘natural capitalism’. The presentation explores the key dimensions of these founding belief systems, as well as alternative imaginaries that are likely to emerge as the climate crisis worsens.
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101 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Oral Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Project IKA: Co-collecting Climate Change in Tokelau NOTES: Yates R1, Faiva P 1Te Papa Project IKA is a partnership between Te Papa and people based on the coral atolls of Tokelau. The environment of these atolls have always been considered harsh due to its geography, limited agriculture and the high work load required to live a sustainable lifestyle. More recently, these challenges have increased in frequency and severity. The effects of climate change in Tokelau are evident in the form of coastal erosion, drought, intense cyclones, withered plants, diet changes, ocean acidification and changes in fish patterns. Te Papa is currently working with nine collaborators from Tokelau (three from each atoll) in a project designed to engage our communities in co-creating/curating collections that better represent themselves and how they are living with climate change. Project IKA focuses on three themes: Innovation, Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Everyday Atoll life. The aim is to source objects, stories and share the varied voices and responses to climate change from the Tokelauan community. We have completed two of four phases and expect to have legally acquired objects for Te Papa’s Collections by December 2017. We want to share details of the project, highlight community engagement and share the perspectives and stories sourced from the nine collaborators involved.
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102 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Poster Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Reaching for the Paris Agreement Seasonal to interannual variability of the Intended Nationally Determined Subtropical Front around New Zealand Contributions: Observations from Behrens E1, Rickard G1 Tokelau 1Niwa 1,3 2 1,3 4 Anderson C , Faiva P , Lefale P , Diamond H The subtropical front (STF) defines the water mass 1 Lea International Consultants Ltd, Wellington, New boundary between warm, salty and nutrient depleted 2 Zealand, Climate Programme, Government of Tokelau, subtropical water masses and cold, fresh and nutrient rich 3 , Tokelau, Joint Centre for Disaster Research (GNS and subantarctic water masses. The STF in the southwest 4 Massey University), Wellington, New Zealand, Victoria Pacific Ocean traverses the Tasman Sea and passes University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand south of the South Island of New Zealand before it follows Reducing and managing the risks of climate change is and subsequently separates from the Chatham Rise. In key to the future viability of Tokelau as a nation. Like this presentation we use model data from global forced other low-lying atolls, climate change effects (physical, simulations to investigate the position, variability and psychological, and socioeconomic) have been relentless. discuss future trends of the subtropical front in this region Tokelau is facing a future very much dependent on the from seasonal to decadal timescales, and discuss the actions of other people, especially the actions of those forcing mechanisms and potential implications for New in large developed and developing countries who are Zealand’s climate and marine biosphere. also the biggest emitters of greenhouse gases. Tokelau aspirations for managing climate change risks lies with the Paris Agreement, the agreed international accord aimed at addressing climate change at the global NOTES: scale. Implementation targets: (a) … efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels…”. This presentation explores the options for achieving a 1.5°C target, assesses current climate risks, and evaluates implications for Tokelau, including the identification of intended nationally determined contributions and actions for reducing risk and enhancing resilience in Tokelau through the process of Living with Change: Enhancing the Resilience of Tokelau.
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103 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Poster Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
OceansWatch New Zealand Economate: Life beyond landfill Bone C1 Cottrell K1 1OceansWatch 1Economate OceansWatch New Zealand provides technical Today materialism and consumerism is in abundance support and funding for our partner organisations in with mass manufacture and depreciation of quality the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Our shared vision leading to an unsustainable throw-away society. Russian is for economically and environmentally sustainable Constructivists believed in “Not the old, not the new, but communities that are resilient to the effects of climate the necessary”. During the Siege of Leningrad in 1941, change. We support remote communities that we access Russian citizens were forced by desperation and scarcity by yacht based teams supporting local initiatives. A key to adapt an ingenuity for self-preservation. Diet consisted area of our current work focuses on replacing logging of bread made from wood dust/glue and soups made in the Temotu Province of the Solomon Islands with from leather belts/boots. sustainable alternatives through developing REDD+ Globally and daily materials that retain value are disposed forest carbon trading initiatives in partnership with the of with a cradle to grave dismissiveness, with uses Nakau Program, verified through Plan Vivo. beyond their original perceived purpose unexplored. The Our approach to replacing logging with sustainable value of waste should be considered for its full material alternatives is to support locally driven awareness potential beyond the context that it is given. This is where programs that inform land owners of their rights, options waste, considered in its most basic utilitarian materiality, and the consequences, environmentally, socially and can be channelled through artistic and expressive design economically of allowing logging on their land. Our to repurpose and recontexualise its perceived value and awareness program utilise films that we produce in other areas of the Solomon Islands that have already been give it a new narrative. affected by logging. Following our program showing the ‘Economate.co.nz’ links industry to educationists to detrimental effects of logging we show films that highlight recontextualise waste material, whilst preserving school sustainable alternatives. Our 2018 program in the budgets. In one year 20 cubic metres of waste material Solomon Islands will focus on monetising REDD+ carbon donated from a builder sustained multiple NCEA projects. credits to fund sustainable development and to develop Donated waste brings a limited palette forcing innovation climate change resilience through local adaptation and teaching our next generation to explore the planning through the Local Early Action Planning (LEAP) materiality and cradle to cradle value of waste. program.
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104 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Poster Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Effects of Climate Variability on the Sea Empowering communities to adapt Level Change in the North Pacific Ocean to climate change: Monitoring marine Ho C1, Hsu P1 ecosystems using a locally developed 1Department Of Marine Environmental Informatics, method to inform community-based National Taiwan Ocean University management. The most significant effects of climate variability on the Hooper E1, Johnson J2, Welch D3, Edney G1, North Pacific Ocean (NPO) are the interannual variability Waterhouse J2 (El Niño – Southern Oscillation, ENSO) and Pacific 1Oceanswatch, 2C2O Consulting, 3C2O Fisheries Decadal Oscillation (PDO) phenomena. In this study, the effects of ENSO and PDO on the sea level change in Community engagement, participation and empowerment the NPO are investigated using satellite altimeter data. are key to successful adaptation actions at the local level. According to the current systems, the NPO is divided A novel marine monitoring toolkit has been developed into different study areas. The sea level rises significantly with the participation of community resource monitors to in the regions of North Equatorial Current, Subtropical inform local action and management. It has been piloted Countercurrent, Kuroshio Extension, and Oyashio Current in North Efate, Vanuatu to allow communities to take during the La Niña and the negative PDO periods. The ownership of monitoring their marine resources. sea level also rises in the regions of Kuroshio Extension, The toolkit includes both qualitative and quantitative Oyashio Current, and Alaska Current during the El Niño monitoring methods for coastal habitats and resources, and the negative PDO periods. The region of California and demonstrates effective participatory development Current has more sea level rise during the positive PDO through a series of community workshops with and the El Niño periods. These phenomena imply that the local environmental leaders. The toolkit includes a current systems may be altered by climate variability and standardised process for communities to use monitoring vice versa because ocean currents may transport mass results instantly, translating information from their and heat from one place to others and thus influence the surveys into management actions that target key areas regional climate. of concern. Using these methods, communities are able to adapt their traditional management to address the immediate and medium-term effects of climate change on NOTES: their local marine environment. The observed additional benefits of this work include increased local action through community-led environmental awareness days, increases in the size of locally managed no take ares and new local ecotourism initiatives to generate revenue to support climate change adaptation activities.
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105 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Poster Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Non-Ideal Theory in Climate Change Combining Traditional Knowledge and Agreements Meteorological Forecasts in the Pacific Jayasuriya U1 to Increase Community Resilience to 1Victoria University of Wellington Extreme Climatic Events 1 My research explores climate justice and non-ideal Lui S 1 theory. Using Laura Valentini’s conception of non-ideal SPREP theory, this is applied to the distribution of climate The rapid disappearance of traditional knowledge (TK) on mitigation obligations, with a particular focus on the weather and climate in the Pacific is a concern. common but differentiated responsibilities of developed The loss of weather and climate traditional knowledge and developing countries. I wish to evaluate this could also lead to the loss of traditional predictions, distribution of obligations and determine whether it is coping strategies, mechanisms and practices that have an effective method of climate change mitigation, with helped enable many Pacific island communities to cope. consideration to non-ideal elements of partial or non- This would contribute to the reduction of community compliance. resilience to extreme weather events. The nature of international agreement limits the prospects of introducing penalties for non-compliance, however, NOTES: there is room for greater rewarding of positive action. It appears that more countries now recognise the significance of climate change to ourselves, and future generations, and that sacrifices in our lifestyle choices now will result in greater human flourishing in the future. Current climate negotiations do not go far enough if this goal is to be realised. However, I suggest some inclusions that would shift the focus of climate discussion, which involves a reworking of the Emissions Trading Scheme with a larger focus on innovation and contributions to global initiatives such as the Green Fund.
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106 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Poster Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
The psychology of human adaptation Disaster and Climate Change – How do to climate change: A case study from we make resilience work? Samoa Rovins J1,2 1 Olo-whaanga E1 Joint Centre for Disaster Research, Massey University, 2 1Psychology On Broadway Disaster Reduction & Resilience Solutions Scientists have thoroughly investigated the biophysical For generations, disaster risk management practitioners issues from climate change in the Pacific Islands. This have implemented protective hazard programs with includes sea level rise, intensified weather events and the the objective of making communities safer and more susceptibility to sustainable against ALL hazards. For decades, academia natural disaster, all of which lead to social and has researched and published findings, with the psychological vulnerability. The effects are marked in expectation that their work will demonstrably contribute countries with reduced socio-political, economic and to making communities safer and more sustainable. But resource stability. Past studies of adaptation options have we? for Pacific islands have been largely focused on By now we have all heard the terms disasters, climate infrastructure adjustments to sea-level rise change and resilience, but do we really understand and storm surges. However the local level of human them? The answer is no – we do not. If we did climate resilience and adaptive capacity to deal with climate change and disaster risk management would have change is less understood. been working together from the start. As researchers, Pacific people have historically adapted to the variability practitioners and academics we need to question how in climate and sea conditions.Strengthening the adaptive these terms interact and what they enable and constrain capacity of pacific people, can be ensured through in our lived experiences. We must also question how community based support and traditional methods. This these terms matter to our communities. Most importantly, study investigates the human dimensions of climate we have a responsibility to disseminate our knowledge change, and therefore it is necessary to bridge the gap between where key findings emphasize the state of mental health research, practitioners and policy makers to enable of Pacific nations due to issues of displacement from the our communities to be stronger. effects of climate change (fear, guilt and helplessness). It This address will use a pracademic approach to look at discusses the process of adaptation through regenerating ways to make substantial and meaning changes in how traditional methods, and talking therapies. we approach disaster and climate risk management. A case study is presented to illustrate Samoa’s adaptations to a tsunami, the effects on mental health and coping with the effects of displacement at a community based level. NOTES:
NOTES:
107 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Poster Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Determination of urban CO2 emissions Climate change challenges to society Turnbull J1, Keller E1, Thompson J1, Mikaloff Fletcher S3, and culture in Pacific Island countries 3 4 4 4 Brailsford G , Davis K , Lauvaux T , Miles N , Richardson Weir T1, Dovey L1, Orcherton D2 4 5 5 6 2 S , Shepson P , Heimberger A , Gurney K , Sweeney C , 1Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian 7 Karion A National University, 2consultant 1GNS Science, 2University of Colorado, 3NIWA, 4Pennsylvania State University, 5Purdue University, Climate-related disasters such as tropical cyclones, 6Arizona State University, 7NIST floods and droughts are not new to Pacific Islanders. Through their effects on the island environment, these Cities cover only 3% of Earth’s surface, but more than hazards have a range of socio-economic impacts on 70% of fossil fuel derived CO2 emissions. Cities are food (fisheries and crops) and water supply, tourism, and often leading the way in CO2 emission mitigation efforts, coastal buildings and infrastructure. Climate change both to address the climate challenge and the many not only exacerbates those hazards but also raises new threats, such as sea level rise and ocean acidification, associated co-benefits. Cities need to understand their that have no precedent in the past 500 years, and for emissions to assess the potential of low-carbon and which there are therefore no traditional adaptations, carbon mitigation strategies and evaluate their success. although Pacific innate ingenuity and resilience remains Commonly, national-level CO2 reporting is downscaled to strong. These issues are particularly acute for the city-scale emission estimates, but it is difficult to assess low-lying atoll countries whose continued existence is the accuracy of these estimates and provide meaningful threatened by sea level rise, but also affect those that guidance on whether emission reduction targets are live on higher islands in coastal settlements, where most being met. of their population is concentrated. Climate change thus We report on efforts to assess urban CO2 emissions, sharpens social and cultural issues of equity (reflecting showcasing methodologies developed in the long-running disparities in location, income, education, gender, health, Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX) that are being age), made even more acute by increased levels of voluntary or forced migration within, and even more so applied globally. INFLUX brings together new high- beyond, island country boundaries. Consequently, many resolution inventory assessments, tower and aircraft- islanders see climate change as a moral challenge to based atmospheric measurements, and atmospheric the richer countries to reduce their greenhouse gas modelling. Together, these provide high-accuracy, high- emissions that are causing the problem. resolution, continuous urban emission monitoring. We show how feedback from the atmospheric observations substantially improves the accuracy of the inventory NOTES: assessment, resulting in emission flux accuracy of better than 10%, sufficient to asses proposed emission reduction targets. We will also present early results from Auckland, where we focus on assessing the land carbon sink that may partially offset urban fossil fuel CO2 emissions.
NOTES:
108 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Poster Abstracts ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY PRESENTER’S LAST NAME
Simulating the climate of the South Tropical Circulation and Precipitation Pacific with the NZESM; the New Response to Ozone Depletion and Zealand Earth System Model Recovery Williams J1, Morgenstern O1, Varma V1, Dennison F1, Morgenstern O1, Broennimann S2,3, Jacques-Coper Behrens E1, Roach L1,2 M2,3,4, Rozanov E5,6, Fischer A4, Zeng G1, Akiyoshi H7, 1NIWA, 2Victoria University of Wellington Yamashita Y7,8 1NIWA, 2Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Title: Simulating the climate of the South Pacific with the 3Institute of Geography, University of Bern, 4Federal NZESM; the New Zealand Earth System Model Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, The NZESM is under development to help inform 5Physical-Meteorological Observatory/World Radiation scientists, policy makers, climate-sensitive sectors of the Center PMOD/WRC, 6Institute of Atmospheric and economy, and the general public about climate change. Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 7National Institute of The development of the NZESM represents a step- Environmental Studies (NIES), 8now at: Japan Agency for change in model complexity for New Zealand science. Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) The atmosphere, land surface, ocean and sea ice components of the model are already functioning and in Among the few well established changes in atmospheric the coming years, additional models representing ocean circulation in recent decades are those caused biology and marine ice-sheets will be added. by stratospheric ozone depletion. They include a The NZESM will produce climate and Earth System strengthening and poleward contraction of the westerly relevant hindcasts for the past 150 years and projections atmospheric circulation over the Southern extratropics, for up to 200 years into the future. The NZESM will i.e., a strengthening Southern Annular Mode (SAM), be used in Earth System science research throughout in austral spring and summer. Associated effects on New Zealand, both in terms of pure science and via extratropical temperature and precipitation and more communication of its results to the public. recently subtropical precipitation have been documented The location of New Zealand in the South Pacific and are understood in a zonal mean framework. We gives Kiwi researchers a unique opportunity to make a present zonally asymmetric effects of ozone depletion substantial difference to global climate research. Our that reach into the tropics and affect atmospheric climate is less well understood than other oceanic zones circulation and precipitation, including the South Pacific yet has a huge impact globally, for example through ultra- Convergence Zone (SPCZ), the most important rainband cold Antarctic bottom water formation. of the Southern Hemisphere. Using observation-based analyses and model simulations we show that over the 1961-1996 period, ozone depletion led to increased NOTES: precipitation at the northern flank of the SPCZ and to decreased precipitation to the south. The effects originate from a flow pattern over the southwestern Pacific that extends equatorward and alters the propagation of synoptic waves and thus the position of the SPCZ. Model simulations suggest that anticipated stratospheric ozone recovery over the next decades will reverse these effects.
Reference: Brönnimann et al. (2017), Environ. Res. Lett., 12 064011.
NOTES:
109 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Delegate List First Name Last Name Organisation Julian Aguon Blue Ocean Law Sina Ah Sam Victoria University of Wellington Safua Akeli National University Of Samoa Arwa Al-bahdly Massey University Patila Amosa National University Of Samoa Cheryl Anderson Lea International Consultants Ltd Teruabine Anna Nuariki Kelli Archie Climate Change Research Institute Victoria University Of Wellington Shaun Awatere Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research Laura Bahlman Agresearch Tim Baice Caritas Aotearoa New Zealand Sarah Barnett Volunteer Service Abroad Peter Barrett Antarctic Research Centre Hannah Barrowman The Australian National University Erik Behrens NIWA Kelly Bingham University Of Auckland Drew Bingham Ministry For The Environment Matt Blacka UNSW Water Research Laboratory Alison Blaiklock Orataiao: New Zealand Climate & Health Council Nita Blake-Person Radio New Zealand Paul Blaschke Victoria University of Wellington Annette Bolton Institute For Environmental Science And Research Chris Bone OceansWatch Chris Booth Sculptor Kerry Boyle Soli First Jasveen Brar Our Poles Our Planet Erick Brenstrum Metservice Laura Brewington East West Center Sally Brooker University Of Otago Cilla Brown University Of Auckland Darren Brunk Oxfam New Zealand Peter Brunt Victoria University of Wellington Lisa Buggy Pacific Community (SPC) Anya Bukholt-payne The Climate Challenge Sam Burt Victoria University of Wellington Scott Butcher University Of Canterbury Ailsa Cain Kauati Kate Calcott British High Commission Michelle Cameron Filmmaker; Self-employed Lauren Carter Victoria University of Wellington Lynette Carter University Of Otago George Carter The Australian National University Philip Cass Peace And International Justice Committee, Auckland Catholic Diocese Adi Ma’aka Amelia Bosenituraga Caucau SPC Billy Cava Coordinator, 350.org New Caledonia Ioana Chan Mow National University Of Samoa Kaiho Cheng National Taiwan Ocean University Catherine Cheung Climate Justice Taranaki
110 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Delegate List First Name Last Name Organisation Julia Collins Victoria University of Wellington Jill Cooper Advanced Materials Technologies Tagaloa Cooper-halo Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme Alberto Costi Victoria University of Wellington Katy Cottrell Economate James Cox Peacifica Roa Crease University Of Auckland Richard Crichton The University Of Tokyo Bridget Crisp rsm Nga Whaea Atawhai o Aotearoa Sisters Of Mercy New Zealand Kate Crowley NIWA Szilvia Csevár The Hague University of Applied Sciences Elizabeth Cunningham Te Rūnanga O Ngai Tahu Christian Dadomo Uwe Law Sophie Davis U.S. Fulbright Student Researcher Martin De Jong Caritas Aotearoa New Zealand Sam Dean NIWA Shalini Divya Victoria University of Wellington Rowan Dixon Opus International Consultants Liz Dovey Australian National University Marlon Drake Victoria University Of Wellington Students’ Association Rebecca Dudley New Zealand Red Cross John Edwards Massey University Kev England Haz-ed Rachel England Fenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University (ANU) Cecilia Engler Dalhousie University Marcus Erikson 5 Gyres Bapon Fakhruddin Tonkin + Taylor International Paula Feehan Oxfam New Zealand Pam Feetham Massey University Fabiefara Filo Victoria University of Wellington Karen Fisher University Of Auckland Shaana Flaws Victoria University of Wellington Stephen Flood Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research Zach Fonoti Victoria University of Wellington Sylvia Frain Pacific Media Centre Dave Frame Victoria University of Wellington Art Francisco Oxfam New Zealand Anaru Fraser Hui E! Community Aotearoa Anthony Freddie Victoria University of Wellington Alyssa Frederick University Of California, Irvine Brianna Fruean Amy Gault Student Judith Giblin SPC-Geoscience, Energy and Maritime Division Libby Giles St Cuthbert’s College Dominic Godfrey Radio New Zealand Craig Grant Otago Museum Malcolm Gray Victoria University of Wellington Günter Gross Leibniz University Hannover Monica Gruber Victoria University of Wellington
111 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Delegate List First Name Last Name Organisation Thomas Gurtner New Zealand Red Cross Michael Guthrie Elemental Environment Jonathan Hall Unicef Pacific Jamie Halla DTA Morgan Hanks MartinJenkins Tere Harrison Gladys Hartson Pacific Media Network Tom Harvey Victoria University of Wellington Melissa Harward Victoria University of Wellington Syezlin Hasan Griffith University Graham Hassall Victoria University of Wellington Elisapesi Havea University of Waikato Marielle Hawkes NZ National Commission for UNESCO Bronwyn Hayward Political Science, University Of Canterbury Shaun Hendy Te Pūnaha Matatini, University Of Auckland Charlotta Heyd University Of Otago Julianne Hickey Caritas Aotearoa New Zealand Geoff Hicks New Zealand National Commission for Unesco Budyong Hill Climate Karanga Marlborough Nicola Hill The Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (DPMC) Ged Hiscoke Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment Chung-Ru Ho Department Of Marine Enviornmental Informatics, National Taiwan Ocean University Justin Hodgkiss Macdiarmid Institute For Advanced Materials And Nanotechnology, and Victoria University Of Wellington Elisabeth Holland University of the South Pacific Eryn Hooper OceansWatch Dennis Horton Sisters Of Mercy, Mercy Global Action John Howell Nerida-Ann Hubert Anabar Community, Nauru National Youth Council, Nauru Community Based Organisation Alistair Humphrey Canterbury District Health Board Sarah Hunt Institute for Critical Indigenous Studies at the University of British Columbia Julie Hunter Blue Ocean Law Gabrielle Huria Te Rūnanga O Ngai Tahu Taema Imo-Seuoti National University Of Samoa Catherine Iorns Magallanes Victoria University of Wellington Lagipoiva Cherelle Jackson Conservation International Lucy Jacob NIWA Richard Jaine Ministry of Health Laurice Jamero The University Of Tokyo Ushana Jayasuriya Victoria University of Wellington Charley John Pacific Community Owain John Generation Zero Johanna E. Johnson C2O Pacific Taran Jorgensen Victoria University of Wellington Remi Jugand Volunteer Service Abroad (vsa) Jean Kahui Frack Free David Kakiakia ChildFund Kiribati Feliz Katoa Victoria University of Wellington Victoria Keener East West Center
112 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Delegate List First Name Last Name Organisation Richard Keller Interested Individual Finbar Kiddle The Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (DPMC) Rebecca Kiddle Victoria University of Wellington Darren King NIWA John Kleinsman The Catholic Institute Of Aotearoa New Zealand Malakai Koloamatangi Massey University Aimée Komugabe-Dixson Ministry For Primary Industries Winnie Laban Victoria University of Wellington Trudy Lagolago Victoria University of Wellington Kosi Latu Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme Judy Lawrence Climate Change Research Institute Victoria University Of Wellington Penhuro Lefale Lea International Consultants Ltd Glenda Lewis Media Laiseni Liava’a St Johns Theological College Sylvia Lima Victoria University of Wellington Stephen Lincoln Enviro Comm, Cath Dio Akl Kate Lindsay University Of Otago Sylvester Loloa Coordinator, 350.org Tonga Alexander Long Ministry Of Primary Industries David Loubser Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme Siosinamele Lui Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme Gregor Macara NIWA Adrian Macey Victoria University of Wellington Rebecca Macfie Media Douglas MacMartin Cornell University Alex Macmillan University Of Otago And Orataiao: NZ Climate & Health Council Shelagh Magadza New Zealand Festival Mikaele Maiava Mentor, Pacific Climate Warrior, 350.org Gillian Malielegaoi Tuila‘epa Dr Sa‘ilele Malielegaoi Prime Minister of Samoa Michaela Manley Victoria University of Wellington Michael Mann Penn State University Jean-Baptiste Marre Pacific Community Betsan Martin Response Trust Kieran Martin Imagine My Relief Kate Matheson Independent Consultant Deborah Maxwell Victoria University of Wellington Claire McClintock Volunteer Service Abroad Alice Mccullough Student Randall McDonnell GNS Science Ian McGregor University Of Technology Sydney (UTS) Pauline Mckay Christian World Service Natalie McKelleher Australian Department of Foreign Affairs And Trade Rebecca McNaught United Nations Development Programme Aroha Mead Chair Emeritus, IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy (CEESP) Sarah Meads Independent Development Consultant Mette Mikkelsen MartinJenkins Andrew Millar MartinJenkins John Misky Mata O Ali’i Trust
113 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Delegate List First Name Last Name Organisation Monika Mo’ale Sisters Of Mercy Pala Molisa Victoria University of Wellington John Morgan NIWA Wesley Morgan University of the South Pacific Jamie Morton NZ Herald Hilda Mosby Torres Strait Regional Authority Brett Mullan NIWA Rob Murdoch NIWA Laura Murray Auckland Uniservices Limited Catherine Murupaenga-Ikenn Ngati Kuri George Nacewa Pacific Climate Warriors Tim Naish Victoria University of Wellington Johanna Nalau Griffith University Thomas Nann The MacDiarmid Institute Tiara Naputi University Of Colorado Boulder Genevieve Neilson Jane Neilson Ministry Of Defence Barbara Nicholas Independent Isso Nihmei Vanuatu Red Cross Benjamin Nistor Victoria University of Wellington Volker Nock Macdiarmid Institute For Advanced Materials Ilan Noy Victoria University of Wellington Mikaela Nyman International Institute of Modern Letters Gabby O’Connor Auckland University / Niwa Sophie Offner Auckland University Harley O’hagan New Zealand Defence Force Epenesa Olo-Whaanga Psychology On Broadway Sophia Olo-Whaanga Makaurau Marae Roderick Oram Newsroom John Overton Victoria University of Wellington Vanessa Paki University of Waikato Lavouney Paliou Victoria University of Wellington Geoffrey Palmer Faculty of Law, Victoria University Of Wellington Andy Parker SRMGI - Solar Radiation Management Governance Initiative Cristina Parra Auckland University Of Technology Jessica Pasisi University of Waikato Peia Patai Okeanos Foundation Chris Peddie-burch Datacom Systems Wellington Ltd Dean Peterson Te Papa Agnes Piatek-Bednarek Masterton District Council Annah Piggott-mckellar University Of Queensland Leonie Pihama University of Waikato Thomas Powell Climate Karanga Marlborough Michael Powles Writer Arti Prasad NZ Superannuation Joe Prebble GNS Science Peter Quilter Tonkin + Taylor International Matt Raeburn Ernst & Young Norman Ragg Cawthron Institute
114 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Delegate List First Name Last Name Organisation John Rainbird Torres Strait Regional Authority Lesley Rameka University of Waikato James Renwick Victoria University of Wellington Vienna Richards Pacific Media Network Jane Richardson Massey University Jenny Ritchie Victoria University of Wellington Vernon Rive Aut Law School Stefanie Rixecker Environment Canterbury Regional Council Mucadam Riyad David Robie Auckland University Of Technology Natalie Robinson NIWA Lucia Roncaglia GNS Science Espen Ronneberg Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme Nathan Ross Faculty of Law, Victoria University Of Wellington Liam Rutherford NZEI Te Riu Roa Alyssa Ryan Victoria University of Wellington Salī Salī Victoria University of Wellington Silas Savara Kara Scally-Irvine KSI Consulting Tom Shand Tonkin + Taylor International Michael Sharp Mauao Legal Chambers Fiona Shaw Victoria University of Wellington Murray Sheard Tearfund Ian Shearer Front End Solar Technologies Ltd Peseta Noumea Simi Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade Samoa Naomi Simmonds The University Of Waikato Katy Simon Victoria University of Wellington Ezekiel Simperingham Ifrc (international Federation Of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies) Seema Singh NIWA Hon Aupito William Sio NZ House Of Representatives Michael Skerrett Te Rūnanga O Ngai Tahu Huhana Smith Massey University Nicole Smith Nicole Smith Barrister Alexander Sneyd Victoria University of Wellington Guy Somerset Victoria University of Wellington D. Kapua Sproat University Of Hawaiʻi Richardson School Of Law Will Steffen The Australian National University Polly Stupples Victoria University of Wellington Susan Sulu Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat Joshua J. Sutton University Of Otago Peter Swain Victoria University of Wellington Sue Taei Conservation International Whitely Tasaruru Pacific Community Tauisi Taupo Victoria University of Wellington Saing Te Auckland University Of Technology Denis Tegg Denis Tegg Shane Telfer Massey University Elsei Tellei Cade Terada Our Poles Our Planet
115 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Delegate List First Name Last Name Organisation Viafou Tevaga Gail Thompson Te Rūnanga O Ngai Tahu Joshua Thompson Our Poles Our Planet Heidi Thomson Victoria University of Wellington Sarah Lorraine Thomson Graduate lawyer Teresa Thorp Caritas Aotearoa New Zealand Herman Timmermans Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme Raihania Tipoki Beth Toki BMT David Traill Pacific Catastrophe Risk Insurance Company Simon Tregear Ministry Of Defence James Tremlett Te Kura o Nga Kuri a Tarawhata / University of Cambridge Moera Tuilaepa Radio New Zealand Jocelyn Turnbull GNS Science Richard Turner NIWA Makerita Urale Creative New Zealand Schannel van Dijken Robert Van Paridon Paridon Asia Pte Ltd Achinthi Vithanage NSW Young Lawyers International Law Committee Celia Wade-Brown Living Streets Aotearoa Morgan Wairiu PaCE-SD, The University of the South Pacificc Janie Walker Victoria University of Wellington Catherine Wallace Eco Daniel Ware Griffith University Tui Warmenhoven He Oranga Mo Nga Uri Tuku Iho Trust John Watson Univeristy of South Australia Tony Weir Australian National University David Welch C2O Fisheries Victoria Wibeck Linköping University/Massey University Tricia Wilden The International Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre Andrew Wilks Victoria University of Wellington Jolene Williams Victoria University of Wellington Mike Williams Deep South National Science Challenge Jeff Willis University Of Canterbury Tiana Willis Baker St Cuthbert’s College James Wilson Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment Sarah Wilson Stuart C Wimbush Robinson Research Institute, Victoria University Of Wellington Hemaima Wiremu International Re-evaluation Counseling Yaki Wo The Imperfect Advocate Nanette Woonton Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme Christopher Wright The University Of Sydney Briar Wyatt Student, University of Auckland Rachel Yates Te Papa Vanessa Young Macdiarmid Institute For Advanced Materials Guang Zeng NIWA Qianlai Zhuang Purdue University Stuart Zohrab New Zealand Ministry Of Foreign Affairs And Trade
116 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Notes
117 Discover the treasures and unique stories of New Zealand on six Nau mai, haere mai! floors of fascinating displays – from Mäori and Pacific culture to WELCOME TO art and the natural environment.
Tühuratia ngä taonga me ngä körero motuhake o tënei whenua ki ngä papa whakaaturanga e ono – mai i te ao Mäori, Te Moana-
TEMUSEUM OF NEW PAPAZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA nui-a-Kiwa ki ngä toi, puta noa ki te taiao.
Toilets Accessible toilets Parents’ Room Coats, Bags Money machine Telephone Food & Drink Red Gates bar Cafe Te Papa Store Discovery Centre Lift Stairs Wharepaku Wharepaku türu wïra Rüma Mätua Koti, Pëke Mïhini moni Wäea Kai Paparainu Këti Whero Kawhe Te Papa Toa Te Papa Tühura Ara rewa Ara piki
Quake Braker LEVEL Whakangäwari Rü (outside main entrance) Te Papa’s base isolators
Te Papa Cafe Bridge to Level 2 Te Papa Kai Bush City Te Papa Store, Level 1 1 Te Papa Toa Red Gates bar Paparainu Këti Whero PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE Cave 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 Fossil Dig TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND
Red Gates bar
Te Papa Cafe Venue Floorplan Car park Te Papa Store, Level 1 Main Stairs
Te Papa National Museum
55 Cable Street, Wellington | Tel: +64 4 381Entrance 7000 Taiwhanga
Quake Car park Braker entrance Foyer LEVEL 2
Information Desk LEVEL Tëpu Pärongo Tickets for guided tours, children’s StoryPlace, and exhibitions with entry fees
Gallipoli: The scale of our war Bridge to Level 1 Karipori: Te pakanga nui Bush City 2 New Zealanders in the World War I campaign
Awesome Forces
Ngä Au Kukume NatureSpace Geological forces that shape Mountains our landscape to Sea Cave Mountains to Sea Mai i ngä Maunga ki te Moana Awesome Forces Plants and animals, marine mammal Fossil Dig skeletons, colossal squid Peter Snell: Bush City Medal-Winning Magic Information Desk Te Ngahere Te Papa Store, Native bushwalk outdoors Level 2 Wellington Foyer Gallipoli: Peter Snell: Medal-Winning Magic The scale of our war Te Kaha Whakawhiwhinga Mëtera ICON Function venue Kids | Tamariki ICON Soundings NatureSpace Theatre Te Papa Taiao Natural environment Discovery Centre StoryPlace Blue Whale StoryPlace Function venue Te Papa Püräkau Stories, songs, and play for children 5 years and under
T e Papa Store, Level 2 Te Papa Toa Pukapuka Bookshop See over for Levels 3, 4, 5, and 6 Natural environment & Gallipoli: The scale of our war
Oceania
GNS02
01
VicBooks
2.4m
Main Entrance
2.4m NIWA03
1.2m Poster Boards
Coordinator: N Espinosa Pacific Climate Change Designer: N Espinosa Conference 2018 Design Date: 05/02/2018 118 Event Date: 21-23 February 2018 V02 Panel System: Corinthian
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Stand Size: 3m x 1.8m PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Venue Floorplan
Te Papa National Museum 55 Cable Street, Wellington | Tel: +64 4 381 7000
LEVEL 3
Blood Earth Fire LEVEL Whängai Whenua Ahi Kä OCEANIA The transformation of Aotearoa New Zealand
BloodBlood Earth Earth And Fire Fire Blood Earth Fire LEVEL Whängai Whenua Ahi Kä Oceania The transformation of Aotearoa New Zealand Function venue 3 Te Huinga Centre Function venues Angus Room 1 Angus Room 2 BloodBlood Earth Earth And Fire Fire Rangimarie Room 1 Rangimarie Room 2 Rangimarie Room 3 Oceania Function venue 3 Te Huinga Centre RANGIMARIA 1, 2 & 3 Function venues Angus Room 1 Angus Room 2 Rangimarie Room 1 Rangimarie Room 2 Rangimarie Room 3 People’s impact on the land
Mana Whenua Kids | Tamariki LEVEL The world of Ma�ori People’s impact on the land Te Marae PlaNet Pasifika LEVEL 4 Te Papa Moana Rongomaraeroa Pacific Discovery Centre Te Papa’s contemporary meeting place Mana Whenua LEVEL Treaty of Waitangi: Signs of a nation KidsTe Huka | Tamariki ä Tai The world of Ma�ori Ma�ori Discovery Centre Te Tiriti o Waitangi: Ngä tohu kotahi- 4 Tetanga Marae PlaNet Pasifika RongomaraeroaAotearoa New Zealand’s founding document Te Papa Espresso Moana Hinetitama Pacific Discovery Centre Meeting room Te Papa’s contemporary meeting place Tangata o le Moana Kawhe Kutëtë Te Marae TreatyPacific peoples of Waitangi: in New Zealand Signs of a nation Te Huka ä Tai Ma�ori Discovery Centre BrittenTe Tiriti Bike o Waitangi: Ngä tohu kotahi- Te Huka tanga Mana ä Tai 4 Whenua Motupaika Hautipua Aotearoa New Zealand’s founding document TE MARAE Hinetitama The record-breaking Britten V1000 motorbike Espresso Meeting room TangataAt Espresso from o le 2 FebMoana 2017 Kawhe Kutëtë Te Marae Pacific peoples in New Zealand Golden Days Britten Bike Te HukaMana BrittenHokinga Bike Mahara Whenua A junk shop that comes alive! Mana ä Tai Motupaika Hautipua Whenua
The record-breaking Britten V1000 motorbike AtPassports Espresso from 2 Feb 2017 Treaty of Waitangi: Uruwhenua Signs of a nation GoldenImmigrants’ Daysstories Amokura Gallery Britten Bike Mana Hokinga Mahara Passports Whenua AThe junk Mixingshop that comes Room alive! Ngä Manene The Mixing Room Stories from young refugees in New Zealand Passports Treaty of Waitangi: Uruwhenua Signs of a nation Phar Lap Tangata PlaNet Immigrants’ stories Phar Lap o le Moana Pasifika Amokura Gallery The Mixing Room PassportsGolden Hïnätore Days Learning Lab Ngä Manene AMOKURA The Mixing Room Stories from young refugees in New Zealand GALLERY
Phar Lap Tangata PlaNet Phar Lap o le Moana Pasifika Golden Hïnätore Days Learning Lab and other communities Social history – Mäori, Pacific,
LEVEL Viewing Terrace CORE FUNDERS: Social history – Mäori, Pacific, and other communities Tirohanga Step outside for a harbour panorama
LEVEL Viewing Terrace CORE FUNDERS: Tirohanga 119 Step outside for a harbour panorama Viewing 6 Terrace FREE WI-FI (Level 6) You are welcome to photograph and film your visit for personal use, unless signage says otherwise.
Share your experience #tepapa
Tirohanga Viewing 6 Terrace FREE WI-FI (Level 6) Te Papa is smoke-free. You are welcome to photograph and film your visit for personalFood use,and drinkunless are signage not allowed says otherwise. in the museum.
Share your experience #tepapa
Tirohanga Open daily 10am–6pm
Closed ChristmasTe Papa is Daysmoke-free.
Food and drink are not allowed in the museum.
Open daily 10am–6pm Museum of New Zealand TeClosed Papa Christmas Tongarewa Day
Viewing Terrace +64 (0)4 381 7000 tepapa.govt.nz
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
Viewing Terrace +64 (0)4 381 7000 tepapa.govt.nz D R N INTERISLANDER TERMINAL W 1 MIN DRIVE O THORNDON QUAY T 0 METRES 500 S A5 E D A W PARK STREET AOTEA QUAY
KATHERINE MANSFIELD MEMORIAL CRUISE SHIP PARK Westpac Stadium TERMINAL PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCEAttractions
GEORGE ST A Colonial Cottage Museum 21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 B National War Memorial & Carillon TE AHUMAIRANGI HILL C New Zealand Cricket Museum HOBSON STREET TE PAPA TONGAREWA, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALANDD Mount Victoria Lookout GRANT ROAD E Embassy Theatre F BATS Theatre
MURPHY STREET G St James Theatre TINAKORI ROAD H The Film Archive WELLINGTON URBAN MOTORWAY I Freyberg Swimming Pool 29 J Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa HAWKESTONE STREET K Circa Theatre
HARRIET ST FRAN WILDE WALKWAY L The Opera House Y A U M Wellington Town Hall PIPITEA STREET Q N O Michael Fowler Centre D N RN THO CRUISE TERMINAL WALKWAY O Department of Conservation Visitor Centre P City Gallery Wellington ND SACRED HEART 2 PACIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCEROMAN CATHOLIC 2018 Q Wellington Cable Car Museum CATHEDRAL A3 A2 A1 A4 R Shed 6 HILL STREET AITKEN STREET Z S TSB Bank Arena Beehive & Parliament MOLESWORTH STREET WATERLOO QUAY Buildings MULGRAVE ST T Capital E Hosted by Victoria University of Wellington and U Wellington Museum of City & Sea TINAKORI ROAD KATE SHEPPARD PL V The New Zealand Portrait Gallery Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme W Carter Observatory B O W X Old Government Buildings E N Y Reserve Bank Museum MAKARA PEAK STR EE CENTREPORT 15 MINS DRIVE21-23 FEBRUARY 2018 T Z Archives New Zealand Y A1 Alexander Turnbull Library Zealandia TE PAPA TONGAREWA,ACCESS WELLINGTON, TO NEW ZEALAND X A2 National Library 5 MINS DRIVE 28 TURNBULL BOTANIC GARDEN HOUSE Wellington Railway Station A3 Wellington Cathedral
WHITMORE STREET A4 Old St Paul’s WELLINGTON URBAN MOTORWAY URBAN WELLINGTON
KINROSS ST LAMBTON QUAY BLUEBRIDGE BALLANCE ST A5 Katherine Mansfield Birthplace BOTANIC GARDEN TERMINAL MAIN ENTRANCE LADY NORWOOD 27 ROSE GARDEN Accommodation BOLTON STREET 1 Brentwood Hotel (Kilbirnie) CONFERENCEWESLEY ROAD HANDBOOK 25 STOUT ST 2 Mercure Wellington WELLINGTON 26 3 CQ Quality Hotel Wellington BOTANIC & BOOKGARDEN OF ABSTRACTSQUAY LAMBTON 4 CQ Comfort Hotel Wellington AURORA TERRACE WARING TAYLOR ST 5 Wellywood Backpackers WOODWARD ST 6 Cambridge Hotel Carter MIDLAND FEATHERSTON STREET PARK Observatory 7 Base Backpackers Wellington
THE TERRACE 8 YHA Wellington City KIRKCALDIE JOHNSTON ST & STAINS 9 Bay Plaza Hotel E W C SHED 13 A 24 R 10 Ohtel CUSTOMHOUSE QUAY R BRANDON ST
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U WHARF QUEENS S 17 Trek Global Backpackers W 20 T S A 18 James Cook Hotel Grand Chancellor 18 L EVERTON TCE K 19 Travelodge Wellington Q CABLE CAR MUSEUM HUNTER ST F Wellington OLD BANK R 20 CityLife Wellington O ARCADE 19 M R QUEENS WHARF Harbour 21 InterContinental Wellington
HELIPAD i- S 22 Ibis Wellington I T KELBURN E 23 Novotel Wellington WILLESTON STREET PARK V TSB I 24 Quest on Johnston
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JERVOIS QUAY JERVOIS I FRANK T 25 Rydges Hotel Wellington KITTS O L R 26 Wellington Waterfront Motorhome Park E PARK www.PacificClimateChange2018.nz CHEWS C N LANE POLICE E 27 Downtown Backpackers VICTORIA N WILLIS STREET STATION WELLINGTON UNIVERSITY U N UNDERGROUND T T 28 Bolton Hotel BOULCOTT STREET MARKETS E VENUE: TE PAPA WELLINGTON R C #pccc2018
E A THE TERRACE CENTRAL HARRIS ST 29 Kingsgate Hotel Wellington
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N O C T A ITY ROAD C 17 Te Wharewaka o Poneke Main bus route Local bus terminal Civic Square Accessible routes Inter-island ferries CLYDE M QUAY Public toilets Railway station 15 Museum of New Zealand WHARF 14 Te Papa Tongarewa Public showers Wellington i-SITE T E CHAFFERS O E N MARINA Car parking One way streets R
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ROXBURGH ST COURTENAY PLACE P THE TERRACE 10 A
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S 8 9 E GLOVER R INGLEWOOD PL WILLIS STREET ALLEN ST PARK G ROAD BLAIR ST H COURTENAY PLACE STREET R ROXBURGH ST E 2 5 K W A
VIVIAN STREET H WELLINGTON URBAN MOTORWAY ABEL SMITH STREET CUBA STREET MAJORIBANKS STREET 7 D MT VICTORIA LOOKOUT MARION STREET TENNYSON STREET E VICTORIA STREET TARANAKI STREET 6 JESSIE STREET VIVIAN STREET 4 TORY STREET LORNE STREET LIPMAN ST LEVY ST Stay in touch ARO STREET 3 ABEL SMITH STREET WellingtonNZ.com WIGAN STREET COLLEGE STREET ELIZABETH STREET KARO DRIVE FREDERICK STREET Facebook.com/Wellington.NewZealand KENT TERRACE VIVIAN STREET CAMBRIDGE TERRACE HAINING STREET @Wellington_NZ @wellington_newzealand D R WEBB STREET N BROUGHAMQUEEN STREET STREET LY K O O BUCKLE STREET R PIRIE STREET B 1
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AUSTIN STREET B Wellington Zoo Weta Cave Your one stop shop for travel advice and 7 MINS DRIVE PAST 10 MINS DRIVE FROM TOWN BELT BASIN RESERVE MT VICTORIA TUNNEL bookings for Wellington and the rest of A MASSEY UNIVERSITY New Zealand. Phone +64 4 802 4860 120 2 MINS DRIVE TO HOSPITAL 10 MINS DRIVE TO AIRPORT PAST BASIN RESERVE FROM MT VICTORIA TUNNEL or visit WellingtonNZ.com
THOMPSON STREET TARANAKI STREET HOPPER STREET C BASIN RESERVE