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2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals

BEE FINALS

1. A still-existing unit called the Black Watch was originally created to police this region. This region's inhabitants were removed by the Duke of Sutherland to make room for sheep raising in a set of namesake "Clearances." A family in this region was subjected to the Glencoe Massacre for refusing to support William and Mary. The Duke of Cumberland was nicknamed "Butcher" for his brutal pacification of this region. For the point, name this region of Scotland traditionally ruled by Scottish clans. ANSWER: Scottish Highlands [prompt on Scotland] 080-12-72-25101 2. In the Middle Ages, these objects were created in T and O renderings. Muhammad al-Idrisi constructed one of these objects for Roger of Sicily, now called the Tabula Rogeriana. The eighth book of Ptolemy's Guide to Geography contains instructions on how to create one of these objects. Diego Ribero's Padron Real was one of these objects undertaken after Magellan's journey revealed the extent of the Pacific Ocean. The most common method of creating these objects today utilizes the Mercator projection. For the point, name these visual representations of the entire Earth. ANSWER: map of the world [prompt on maps] 066-12-72-25102 3. An eight year old suggested one of these activities, organized by her mother Clara Luper. Bernice Fisher was hailed as the "godmother" of this activity. Z. Alexander Looby, a lawyer defending those arrested for doing this action, had his home bombed. The "Royal Seven" took part in this action in Durham, and three years later this action happened at Walgreens and Woolworth's in Nashville and Greensboro, respectively. For the point, name this form of civil rights protest in which people remained in an eatery after being refused service. ANSWER: sit-in 020-12-72-25103 4. With Donald Fraser, this man chaired a commission that abolished proxy voting and the unit rule in his party’s nomination system. This man initially defended his running mate after revelations that the ticket partner had received electroshock therapy, though Thomas Eagleton was eventually replaced by Sargent Shriver during that campaign. This man’s primary issues in his campaign were a $1000 tax credit to every American and withdrawal from Vietnam. For the point, name this senator from South Dakota who was defeated by Nixon in the 1972 presidential election. ANSWER: George McGovern 048-12-72-25104

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 1 of 28 © HSAPQ 5. A radio station founded by this group was bought by Wayne University for $1. One leader of this organization convinced LBJ to impose a 25% tax on West German imports as part of the Chicken . While posing for a picture near the River Rouge complex, two leaders of this group were attacked by Harry Bennett’s security forces in the Battle of the Overpass. This group organized a sit-down strike in Flint, , and was headed by Walter Reuther. For the point, name this union which held strikes against GM and Ford. ANSWER: United Auto Workers [or UAW] 048-12-72-25105 6. After supporting the rise of Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos, this city lost the Battles of Settepozzi and Trapani. One of this city’s Black Sea colonies was besieged in 1346 by Tartars, who flung the corpses of victims of the Black Death into Caffa. This city, home to the Grimaldi family, lost the War of the Chioggia. At the Battle of Meloria, this city beat Pisa, its rival in the Tyrrhenian Sea. For the point, name this Italian maritime republic, famed for its mercenary units of crossbowmen, its rivalry with Venice, and being the home of Columbus. ANSWER: Most Serene Republic of Genoa 153-12-72-25106 7. The first meeting of this body, in a rather inauspicious start, had someone die due to the heat and humidity and was headed by George Yeardley. In one speech to this body, a speaker noted that "Caesar had his Brutus, Charles the First his Cromwell" before responding to a critic with "if this be treason, make the most of it." That speaker to this group was Patrick Henry. A governor and this body were threatened at gunpoint during Bacon's Rebellion. For the point, identify this first representative assembly in the colonies, started in in 1619. ANSWER: Virginia 066-12-72-25107 8. An outnumbered unit asked to surrender in this film replies, "We haven’t the proper facilities to take you all prisoner." In this film, the evacuation of forces under Sean Connery’s character, Roy Urquhart, is decided upon in a scene in which various generals leave a balcony after naming hindrances such as "the fog in England," "the single road," and (NIZH-meg-un) "Nijmegen." For the point, name this 1977 Richard Attenborough-directed epic film whose name is a quotation about Allied overextension during Operation Market Garden. ANSWER: A Bridge Too Far 153-12-72-25108 9. This man approved Copsi, Cospatrick, and Robert de Comines for the same earlship during a year-long span in which Osulf also usurped that earlship. In one victory, this man’s army fired arrows uphill to wound fyrdmen and break a shield-wall set up by housecarls on Senlac Hill. This king reacted to competing claims by Edgar Atheling with the destructive Harrying of the North, whose effects are recorded in his census-like (DOOMS-day) Domesday Book. For the point, name this leader who defeated Harold Godwinson at Hastings to establish Norman rule in England. ANSWER: William I of England [or William the Conqueror; or William the Bastard; or Guillaume I; prompt on partial answer] 104-12-72-25109

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 2 of 28 © HSAPQ 10. One section of this work posited that planets and comets move through ether that has a resistance six hundred thousand times less than water. The fourth edition of this book ended with a series of 31 questions called “Queries”, which included hypotheses about chemical affinity and the origin of the universe. This book’s author published it after the death of Robert Hooke, who disagreed with its corpuscular theory. This book also showed that color is related to angle of refraction. For the point, name this treatise about light by Isaac Newton. ANSWER: Opticks 048-12-72-25110 11. This man’s house arrest led to the 15 Khordad movement. One dictum of this man led to the death of Hitoshi Igarashi, and this man ordered the killing of several thousand political prisoners, most of which were members of the PMOI. This man was exiled to Turkey and after opposing the secularization policies of a prior regime. This man issued an edict against the author of The Satanic Verses. For the point, name this leader who took control of a revolution against the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979 and became the first Supreme Leader of Iran. ANSWER: Ayatollah Ruhollah Mostafavi Musavi Khomeini 048-12-72-25111 12. In one song on this album, the singer notes, “Your favorite record’s on the turntable; I drop the needle and pray,” to which the background singers repeat, “Turn it up.” The final song on this album was originally written about the decline of Asbury Park, New Jersey. The title track of this album instructs the speaker to “come on up” for the title event and “lay your hands in mine.” Tracks on this album include “Mary’s Place,” “Lonesome Day,” and “My City of Ruins.” For the point, name this Bruce Springsteen album written in response to the September 11 attacks. ANSWER: The Rising 014-12-72-25112 13. The writing of this phrase is usually credited to Peter Robinson. This line was followed by a promise to understand “the fear of war and the pain of division.” It was called “provocative and war-mongering” by Tass, and then-deputy national security advisor Colin Powell opposed this line as undiplomatic. It ended a paragraph that said "if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity" and was delivered in June 1987 at the Brandenburg Gate. For the point, quote this phrase from a speech, which challenged the USSR to allow the reunification of Germany. ANSWER: “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!” 019-12-72-25113 14. This man described the rape of the maid Rosa in one short story. This man's views on were explored in critic Dan Miron's essay "Sadness in Palestine?!," and in one story he explained the stop-and-start construction of a historical edifice as symbolic of an Asian country's history. This author of "The Great Wall of China" put the parable “Before the Law” into the mouth of a priest, who encounters K, a man who has been struggling against a mysterious court. For the point, name this author of “"A Country Doctor," The Trial, and "The Metamorphosis." ANSWER: Franz Kafka 191-12-72-25114

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 3 of 28 © HSAPQ 15. This composer wrote an opera with a libretto by Thomas Betterton in which the title character fulfills a prophecy by killing a man whose name means “boar” and becomes emperor. The most famous work by this composer of Dioclesian is indebted to John Blow’s Venus and Adonis. One of his operas features the aria “When I am laid in earth,” commonly known as a title queen’s “lament.” For the point, name this English Baroque composer of the semi-opera The Fairy-Queen and one of the first English operas, Dido and Aeneas. ANSWER: Henry Purcell 014-12-72-25115 16. Before the Belgian Congress was forced by Britain into choosing Leopold I of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, this ruler’s son received an offer of the throne. This ruler’s Legitimist opponents supported the “miracle child” Henri, Duke of Bordeaux, the grandson of his predecessor. Giuseppe Mario Fieschi used the "infernal machine" in a failed attempt to assassinate this successor to Charles X, who was called “the bourgeois monarch”. He was from the junior branch of the Bourbons, the House of Orleans. For the point, name this ruler during the July Monarchy, the Citizen King of the French. ANSWER: Louis-Phillipe I 153-12-72-25116 17. This man’s 1964 speech against the nomination of Nikolai Nuzhdin to the Academy of Sciences prompted a movement that discredited the pseudogenetic policies of Trofim Lysenko. This man's essay “Reflections on Progress, , and Freedom” was published in samizdats and the Times. He went on a hunger strike during the arrest of his wife and fellow activist Elena Bonner. For the point, name this physicist who names a human rights prize awarded by the European Parliament and was known as the father of the Soviet hydrogen bomb. ANSWER: Andrey Dmitriyevich Sakharov 030-12-72-25117 18. Following this event, the indentured servant Aaron Briggs claimed to have seen one of its instigators. The false witness Daniel Vaughan testified after this event in a commission led by . Planned at the Sabin Tavern, this event came a few years after a similar incident involving the HMS Liberty. William Dudingston commanded the main vessel involved in this event, which chased the Hannah before crashing near Warwick and being burned by a crew led by and John Brown. For the point, name this 1772 burning of a customs ship in . ANSWER: Gaspee affair [accept anything that mentions the burning or destruction of the Gaspee] 192-12-72-25118 19. One inspiration for this movement was the fall of Salvatierra. Participants in this movement met at the Lendit fair at Saint-Denis and believed that Jesus ordered them to deliver letters to Philip II. Nicholas of Cologne proclaimed that the Mediterranean would part for them; when that did not occur, many participants settled in Genoa or were sold into slavery. It declared its intention to recover a relic lost at the Battle of Hattin. For the point, name this group which met in summer 1212 on an unofficial attempt to recover the True Cross, and was named for the youth of its participants. ANSWER: the Children’s Crusade 019-12-72-25119

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 4 of 28 © HSAPQ 20. This process began in some U.S. departments as early as the 1893 Mendenhall Order and was required by the original constitution of Utah. A mismanaged example of this process led to the "Gimli Glider" incident, in which an Air Canada flight successfully landed after running out of fuel over Manitoba. Another bungled implementation of this process caused the 1999 destruction of the Mars Climate Orbiter. A 1975 act mandated that this process occur, but was revoked by Ronald Reagan in 1982. For the point, identify this process of changing inch and pound measurements to meters and kilograms. ANSWER: metrication [or converting to the metric system] 019-12-72-25120 21. A man with a sign around his neck that says “CIVET” is the title figure in this artist's painting Skeletons Fighting over the Body of a Hanged Man. This man's most famous work resulted in his being banished from a group of artists known as Les Vingt. He protested experimentation on animals in his The Vile Vivisectors. He depicted the atheist reformer Emile Littre dressed as a bishop holding a drum major's baton near a sign that reads “Vive la Sociale.” For the point, name this Belgian artist who painted Christ's Entry Into Brussels. ANSWER: James Ensor 030-12-72-25121 22. This man was the subject of a centennial opera by Harry Somers, and in his most notable action, he allied with the Cree chief Poundmaker. In one event, this two-time MP from (pro-ven-SHAY) Provencher led the seizure of Fort Garry in an attempt to keep William McDougall away. Remembering his execution of Thomas Scott during that incident, the government at Regina sentenced him to death in 1885. For the point, name this leader of the Red River Rebellion and North West Rebellion, who attempted to preserve Métis (meh-TEE) interests against the federal government of Canada. ANSWER: Louis Riel 019-12-72-25122 23. In 2005, a UCLA group achieved this process by combining a cool crystal with a tungsten needle to produce an electric field in its "pyroelectric" form. Mark Oliphant was the first person to carry out this process, which was reportedly accomplished by Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann. The Big Bang nucleosynthesis consisted of many iterations of this process creating the lightest isotopes and elements. This process occurs in the Sun's core. For the point, name this reaction in which two atomic nuclei join together, the opposite of fission. ANSWER: nuclear fusion [accept cold fusion at any point] 020-12-72-25123 24. The Olympics that took place in this city were the first during which athletes were drug tested. This city was the location at which Dick Fosbury took a gold medal by using the Fosbury Flop in the high jump. In 1991, Mike Powell broke a record set in this city when Bob Beamon unexpectedly broke the long jump world record by nearly two feet. Peter Norman joined in a protest gesture in this city after it experienced the . For the point, name this host of the 1968 Summer Olympics, during which John Carlos and Tommie Smith made a black power salute during a medal ceremony. ANSWER: Mexico City 023-12-72-25124

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 5 of 28 © HSAPQ 25. This polity’s second ruler, Christopher of Bavaria, came to power after the Engelbrekt Rebellion. This political entity was effectively ended by the election of a new king at Strängnäs. Margaret I planned a congress of three Rigsraads that approved a draft document making Erik of Pomerania this polity’s king. It broke up after Gustav I Vasa crowned himself after gaining support following the Stockholm Bloodbath. For the point, name this personal union of Scandinavian kingdoms that split into Denmark, Norway and Sweden. ANSWER: the Kalmar Union 153-12-72-25125 26. One group that surrendered during this event ended up being massacred at Satichaura Ghat and Bibighar following the Siege of Kanpur. One potential cause of this event were the policies enacted by Lord Dalhousie. The Doctrine of Lapse led the adopted son of Baji Rao II to take part in this event, in which Hugh Wheeler was killed by the forces of Nana Sahib. Colin Campbell and Hugh Rose fought against this rebellion after it started in Meerut.It started in part because of the coating on Enfield rifle cartridges. For the point, name this rebellion of namesake soldiers in India in 1857. ANSWER: Sepoy Rebellion [or Indian Mutiny of 1857 before “India”] 023-12-72-25126 27. This man’s short stories included an account of a lynching, “A Party Down at the Square.” This man penned the essay collection Shadow and Act, and created characters like Dr. Bledsoe and the minister Alonzo Hickman. Hickman raises the child Bliss, who takes on the identity of Adam Sunraider and becomes a racist Senator, in this man’s unfinished Juneteenth This man’s most famous novel opens with the “Battle Royale” and features Mr. Norton and the black-empowerment Brotherhood. For the point, name this author of Invisible Man. ANSWER: Ralph Waldo Ellison 191-12-72-25127 28. This man gained statewide attention for blocking national pro-civil rights broadcasts with his own anti-civil rights commentaries on WRAL-TV. With Dan Burton, this man names a law that strengthened the United State embargo on Cuba. This man used the controversial slogan “He's One of Us” to defeat Nick Galifianakis in a 1972 senate race, and he also defeated Harvey Gantt in two racially charged elections. For the point, name this man who was nicknamed “Senator No,” a longtime conservative senator from . ANSWER: 030-12-72-25128 29. This organization selected a leader who, along with Martin Bernard, was a surviving founder of the Society of the Seasons. Against orders, Saxon army corps allowed many defeated followers of this organization to escape through their lines. Adolphe Thiers ordered Patrice MacMahon to launch an assault on this organization, led by Louis Blanqui, that culminated the massacre at the Federalist Wall during the “Bloody Week”. For the point, name this revolutionary government that arose after the Franco-Prussian War and was suppressed in 1871. ANSWER: Second Paris Commune [or Paris Communards; prompt on Commune or Communards] 153-12-72-25129

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 6 of 28 © HSAPQ 30. A schism in this organization led to the foundation of its “yellow” version by Daniel DeLeon. This group's leader David Coates coined its motto, “an injury to one is an injury to all.” A song promising “pie in the sky” was written by its member Joe Hill; that song parodied the Salvation Army bands that were sent to drown out this group's protests. Members chanted the slogan “no gods, no masters” at the Lawrence textile strike, which was overseen by one of this group's founders, “Big Bill” Heywood. For the point, name this labor union whose members were nicknamed “Wobblies.” ANSWER: International Workers of the World [or IWW; or Wobblies until it is read] 121-12-72-25130 31. The protocol for this meeting was found in the files of one Martin Luther of the Finance Ministry. At this meeting, Theresienstadt was proposed as a possible destination for those with prior military service. At this event, the idea of transporting a certain group to Madagascar was deemed impractical. Notes here were taken by Adolf Eichmann, and Heinrich Himmler was given responsibility to implement the project agreed to at this conference. For the point, name this 1942 conference chaired by Reinhard Heydrich at which the logistics of the Holocaust were planned. ANSWER: Wannsee Conference 030-12-72-25131 32. In the 1920s, one of these items, widely available in rural areas, was called Poverty. Popular examples of these items included the union-oriented Labor, the juvenile Truth for Young Pioneers, and one designed for military consumption, known as Red Star. The most notable of these items had a name meaning "Truth" and was the organ of the state, as opposed to the party-focused Izvestia which became popular under Alexei Adzhubei’s editorship. For the point, identify these regularly issued mass media, which included . ANSWER: Soviet newspapers [or Russian-language newspapers] 019-12-72-25132 33. The losing commander of this campaign needlessly sent James Longstreet hundreds of miles away to fight Ambrose Burnside. During this battle, William Hazen's seizure of Brown's Ferry allowed the Union to set up a supply line called the "Cracker Line." George Thomas was ordered to seize rifle pits at the bottom of a hill during this siege and ended up capturing Missionary Ridge. After this battle, Braxton Bragg resigned, and U.S. Grant was appointed head of the Union Army. For the point, name this 1863 siege of a city in Tennessee to which William Rosecrans retreated after Chickamauga. ANSWER: Chattanooga Campaign [or Battle of Chattanooga] 080-12-72-25133 34. The "Great Fifth" holder of this title suppressed the Karmapa and led an embassy to meet emperor Shunzhi. During the eighteenth century, this office ruled side-by-side with the "amban," a position created after Lhabzang Khan overthrew a licentious holder of this office. The holder of this title is the leader of the (gay-LUGS-pah) Dgelugspa order, or the Yellow Hats, and ruled from Potala Palace before the current one set up a government-in-exile in Dharmsala, India. For the point, Tenzin Gyatso currently occupies what title, the leader of Tibetan Buddhism? ANSWER: the Dalai Lama 019-12-72-25134

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 7 of 28 © HSAPQ 35. The carvings at Yazilikaya reveal that this empire’s pantheon was Hurrianized during the 13th century BCE. Hugo Winckler’s excavations at Bogazkoy found the ruins of this empire’s capital. This empire’s Edict of Telipinus governed imperial succession, and its last ruler was Suppilulimas. This empire’s fall may have been due to the Sea Peoples, and its capital was moved to Dattassa from Hattusa. For the point, name this Anatolian empire known for its chariots, whose ruler Muwatallis led it against Egyptian forces at the Battle of Kadesh. ANSWER: Hittite Empire 030-12-72-25135 36. A cardinal and archbishop in this city from the Borromeo family led its Catholic counter-reforms. This home of the “Five Days” uprising against Field Marshal Radetzky was run for a time by Gian Galeazzo, whose family renamed the Porta Giovia palace. This city’s bishops built a fortified castle at Legnano, where it helped defeat Frederick Barbarossa. Its dukes included the dark-skinned Ludovico il Moro and his father Francesco. For the point, name this home of Saint Ambrose, a city in Lombardy ruled by the Visconti and Sforza families. ANSWER: Milano 104-12-72-25136 37. A man using the fake identity of "Guss Magisono" bought the sawed-off shotguns which precipitated this incident. At the start of this incident, marshall Willam Degan was killed, along with a golden retriever named Striker and the fourteen-year-old Samuel. This incident also involved non-family-member Kevin Harris and the centrally accused man’s wife Vicki, who was killed in what FBI director Louis Freeh later called an “overreaction.” For the point, identify this 1992 confrontation with Randy Weaver’s white supremacist family in Idaho, a frequent inspiration for militia groups. ANSWER: Ruby Ridge incident 019-12-72-25137 38. Until 2007, this man was far less known than his wife, a Major General and popular folk singer in the musical troupe of his country’s army. This “princeling” is the core of his country’s Fifth Generation of Leadership. On 15 November 2012, after the 18th National Congress, this man became the chairman of the Central Military Commission and the General Secretary of the CCP. For the point, name this politician who has to work with Premier Li (catch-YONG) Keqiang in his role as the current President of the People’s Republic of China. ANSWER: Xi Jinping 153-12-72-25138 39. This country’s makers designed a cheaper variant of the 20 mm Oerlikon anti-air gun. The Peking Plan ordered some of this country’s navy to flee to the . It had a collaborationist Navy Blue police force that was infiltrated by its Home Army, the military wing of its Underground State. Its namesake corridor was by Danzig, and General Sikorski once led its government-in-exile. For the point, name this country invaded on September 1, 1939 in the first action of World War II in Europe. ANSWER: Second Republic of Poland 153-12-72-25139 40. A famous map of this settlement was drafted by Jacques Cortelyou and is the Castello Plan. This settlement was found near Fort Orange and Wiltwyck. In 1979, a dig revealed the location of the first town hall of this settlement, the Stadt Huys, and unearthed such artifacts as Delft pottery. This settlement was located on what is now Manhattan Island. For the point, name this North American settlement in New York that was named for a city in the homeland of the Dutch who settled it. ANSWER: New Amsterdam 066-12-72-25140

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 8 of 28 © HSAPQ 41. Eric Foner published an article on this legislation "revisited," linking it to the start of the Civil War. Part of the wording of this legislation was lifted from the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. This legislation was actually written by Jacob Brinkerhoff and was first proposed as an amendment to the 1846 army appropriations bill. For the point, identify this proviso, attached to many bills in the House of Representatives. that would have prohibited slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico in the Mexican-American War. ANSWER: Wilmot Proviso 066-12-72-25141 42. One cause of this conflict was the difficulty of convicting men under the 1884 Maverick Law. One instigator of this conflict was George Dunning. The instigators of this conflict made a fatal mistake in taking a detour to capture Nate Champion, instead of heading immediately to Buffalo. It was ended after President Benjamin Harrison sent in three troops of the Sixth Cavalry, and it took place in a county that is the confluence of three forks of the Powder Creek. For the point, identify this subject of the notorious flop film Heaven's Gate, an 1892 Wyoming range war. ANSWER: Johnson County War [or the War on Powder Creek until "Powder Creek" is read] 066-12-72-25142 43. One leader of this country proposed the "income-doubling plan," leading to the "Golden Sixties." After speculation greatly inflated real-estate prices between 1986 and 1991 in this country, it experienced a catastrophic liquidity trap throughout the 90s. This country established the Self-Defense Forces to protects its own borders, because it was not permitted a conventional army as specified by the 1947 Constitution, heavily influenced by Douglas MacArthur. For the point, name this country that was occupied for seven years following its surrender to the Allies in August 1945. ANSWER: Japan [or Nippon-koku; or Nihon-koku] 020-12-72-25143 44. Kate Rockwell became famous for her "flame dance" during this event, and Soapy Smith conned its participants by setting up a telegraph office with no telegraph line. Participants in this event could travel up the White Pass, which became known as "Dead Horse Trail." The ports of Skagway and Dyea became "boomtowns" during this event, whose participants, "stampeders," spent their earnings in Dawson City. Beginning with a discovery on Bonanza Creek, its participants included Jack London. For the point, name this mass migration of prospectors to the Yukon territory. ANSWER: the Klondike Gold Rush 080-12-72-25144 45. The 1976 Montreal Olympics were boycotted by 28 African nations after this team made a South African tour. Like many other teams from its nation, this team uses a silver fern, but is the most successful, having a win rate over 75%. This team adopted a kapa o pango routine that ended with a finger drawn across the throat, but still uses the ka mate, which has a lot of thigh slapping. Before their games, this national team performs a haka. For the point, name this New Zealand rugby union team named for their uniforms’ shade. ANSWER: All Blacks [or New Zealand rugby union team until it is read] 153-12-72-25145

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 9 of 28 © HSAPQ 46. This man's paternal grandfather Thomas was described in Oliver Wendell Holmes's "The Last Leaf" as participating in the . His maternal grandfather Peter Gansevoort, who won acclaim at the Siege of Fort Stanwix, is described sitting for a Gilbert Stuart portrait in this man's novel Pierre. This author said that his "life began" when he served on the Acushnet, which visited the South Sea islands depicted in his Omoo and Typee. For the point, name this author who used his experiences on that whaling vessel to write Moby-Dick. ANSWER: Herman Melville 121-12-72-25146 47. A gang of murderers called the Shankill Butchers operated in this city. This city is the location of the company that built the Titanic, Harland and Wolff. This city suffered more casualties than any other besides London from German bombings during "the Blitz." Flags being lowered in this city to commemorate the death of John XXIII led to protests organized by Ian Paisley. This city's Protestant majority clashed with its Catholic minority in during "the Troubles." For the point, name this capital of Northern Ireland. ANSWER: Belfast 080-12-72-25147 48. A king with this regal name dealt with the revolt of Lydia, which was led by Pissuthnes. A king with this name avenged the deaths of two princes named Artaxerxes by executing Bagoas. One king with this name defeated an impersonator of Smerdis in order to take power, recorded that and other feats in the Behistun Inscription, and built the palaces of Persepolis. That king, known as “the Great,” was succeeded by Xerxes I. The third king of this name was defeated by Alexander the Great. For the point, name this name given to three Achaemenid kings of the Persian Empire. ANSWER: Darius 140-12-72-25148 49. One report on this location concluded that John L Stevens had been involved in a conspiracy to overthrow its last leader. Walter Murray Gibson forced one ruler of this location to sign the so-called Bayonet Constitution. The USS Boston assisted Sanford Dole in his coup against the last monarch of this location. President McKinley ordered the annexation of this location in 1898; later, its statehood was tied to Alaska's. For the point, identify this location once ruled by Queen Lili'uokalani, the last state to be admitted to the US. ANSWER: Hawaii 066-12-72-25149 50. A version of this field originated from the “circle method”, or yenri, of Seki Kowa. A satirical work addressed to Edmund Halley was sharply critical of this field; that work is The Analyst by George Berkeley. One creator of this field referred to it as the method of fluents and fluxions, and another thinker developed this field as the study of infinitesimals. For the point, name this branch of mathematics, independently discovered by Gottfried Leibniz and Isaac Newton, whose operations include differentiation and integration. ANSWER: infinitesimal calculus [accept more specific answers, prompt on mathematics] 048-12-72-25150

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 10 of 28 © HSAPQ 51. One man with this surname was nicknamed “Magnus Apollo” and was opposed by a faction whose deerskin hats led to them being called the Bucktails. Jesse Hawley lobbied for a man of this surname's most famous public works project, which was derisively nicknamed his “ditch.” As the Federalist candidate, a man of this surnam lost the presidency to James Madison in 1812. Another man with this surname served as vice president for Thomas Jefferson and Madison. For the point, name this surname shared by governors of New York George and DeWitt. ANSWER: Clinton [or DeWitt Clinton before “Another man with this surname”] 121-12-72-25151 52. Article 36 of the statute for this body allows for parties to make this body's decisions compulsory through the "optional clause." This body twice in the 1970s offered advisory opinions that supported the right of self-determination in Namibia and Western Sahara. The first case this body heard was the 1949 Corfu Channel Case, in which the United Kingdom sought compensation from Albania. In 2007, this body returned judgment on the Bosnian Genocide Case. For the point, name this judicial branch of the United Nations that operates out of The Hague. ANSWER: International Court of Justice [or ICJ; or World Court; or Cour Internationale de Justice] 023-12-72-25152 53. This project seemingly violated a 1967 treaty sponsored by the UK, the , and the US. Components of this project included the paired Brilliant Eyes and Brilliant Pebbles programs. This project, which was renamed BMDO in 1993, was announced in an address asking for help "rendering" certain objects "impotent and obsolete." This project toyed with the idea of a hypervelocity rail gun and a chemical laser. It was intended as a shift from Mutually Assured Destruction. For the point, name this never-realized project, mockingly termed "Star ," to destroy incoming nukes from space. ANSWER: Strategic Defense Initiative [or SDI; or Star Wars until it is read] 020-12-72-25153 54. With Alexander Yersin, one scientist from this country discovered the causative agent of plague, and with von Behring that scientist developed serum therapy for tetanus. A chemical plant in this country is responsible for poisoning several residents with methylmercury. Another scientist from this nation named the causative agent of dysentery. A pair of scientists from this country used pulse-chase experiments to show that DNA replication on the lagging strand occurs via namesake short “fragments”. For the point, name this country, the home to the discoverer of Okazaki fragments. ANSWER: Japan 048-12-72-25154 55. This country nominally aligned itself with to assure its survival in the YYA treaty. Despite her adviser leaking confidential documents to the Centre Party leader, the first female president of this country was in office from 2000 to 2012. Another president of this country, as Field Marshall, ordered the construction of a defensive fortification line. The leadership of Carl Mannerheim and the ambushes conducted by country's ski troopers saved it from being overrun during the Winter War. For the point, name this Baltic nation that was invaded by the Soviet Union in 1939. ANSWER: Republic of Finland [or Suomi; or Suomen tasavalta; or Republiken Finland] 020-12-72-25155

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 11 of 28 © HSAPQ 56. This pirate once used a fireship to blow up Admiral Campo's blockade and effect his escape from Lake Maracaibo. This man used a human shield of nuns and friars to bring ladders up to Fort Santiago during his capture of Porto Bello. Charles II had this man arrested for violating the Treaty of Madrid in his attack on Panama City. Variously with or without support from the crown, he conducted a series of raids on the Spanish Main from a base at Port Royal. For the point, identify this pirate of the Caribbean who now names a brand of rum. ANSWER: Captain Henry Morgan 080-12-72-25156 57. After a speech in support of this event, a broke out in Blue Island. This event was opposed by the General Managers' Association. Richard Olney issued an injunction against the people involved in this event. Grover Cleveland broke up this strike for interfering with the distribution of U.S. mail. This strike resulted in the dissolution of the American Railway Union. For the point, identify this 1894 strike against the manufacturer and operator of sleeping cars. ANSWER: Pullman Strike 066-12-72-25157 58. During this President's adminstration, John L. Lewis ended forty years as leader of the United Mine Workers. This man appointed pipefitters union head Martin Durkin as Secretary of Labor, creating the “nine millionaires and a plumber” cabinet. He signed a law mandating secret-ballot elections for union leadership, the Landrum-Griffin Act. During this President's term, the AFL merged with the CIO. For the point, name this President whose farewell address warned against the “military-industrial complex.” ANSWER: Dwight David Eisenhower 019-12-72-25158 59. Thucydides writes that King Minos built his empire by dealing with these people, whom the Aetolian League was accused of supporting. The Lex Gabinia authorized a campaign against these people, accomplished in three months rather than three years. These people supplied the slaves for the market at Delos. Julius Caesar legendarily crucified thirty of them who had captured him; those, like many of these people, were based in "Rough Cilicia." For the point, name these sailing marauders of the ancient world who probably didn't say "Arrrrrrr!" ANSWER: Ancient Mediterranean Pirates [or Piratae; or corsairs] 080-12-72-25159 60. Swiss architect Domenico Trezzini designed many of the buildings of this city, such as the Twelve Collegia. Bartolomeo Rastrelli designed a massive palace in this city. A 1500-ton boulder was dragged over ice and on barges to this city; that boulder, the Thunder Stone, became the pedestal for a statue of this city's founder. Planned to be a "window on the west," this city contains the Bronze Horseman and was built during the Great Northern War. For the point, name this Russian city founded in 1703 on the River Neva and named for the Russian tsar. ANSWER: St. Petersburg, 080-12-72-25160 61. This man’s troops blew up bridges along the Neretva river during a civil war, and he later arrested his wartime companion Milovan Djilas for dissent. This leader’s troops fired at surrendering troops in Bleiburg, and he displaced the royal claims of Peter II. His foreign relations triggered the “Informbiro” era in his country. This opponent of the Chetniks and the (oos-TOSH-ey) Ustase led his country’s namesake “Partisans” during World War II. For the point, name this leader whose break with Stalin allowed him to kickstart the Non-Aligned Movement, the dictator of Yugoslavia. ANSWER: Josip Broz Tito [or Josip Broz] 104-12-72-25161

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 12 of 28 © HSAPQ 62. The namesake people of this region issued a post-Roman law code under Gundobad. This place's upper or “Transjurane” portion was reunited with the lower part by Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II. This area came under Habsburg control after Mary of this region married Maximilian of Austria. This power base of the League of the Public Weal was defeated at Nancy when its leader, Charles the Bold, died in battle against France’s Louis XI, the “Spider-King”. For the point, name this now-French region known for its historic vineyards. ANSWER: Burgundy [or Bourgogne] 104-12-72-25162 63. This city was the site of the Battle of Liberty Place, where the White League attempted to force Governor William Pitt Kellogg to resign in favor of John McEnery. This city legalized prostitution in its "Storyville" district. During the Civil War, its military governor issued "General Order No. 28," according to which Union soldiers could treat women as prostitutes. Benjamin Butler governed this city, where Homer Plessy of Plessy v. Ferguson fame boarded a segregated train car. For the point, name this city whose "krewes" have historically put on a rowdy Mardi Gras. ANSWER: New Orleans, Louisiana 080-12-72-25163 64. This man's father, Dennis, founded the Napoleon Seminar at West Point, where he taught almost every major civil war general. This man published the article "The Persian Gulf and International Relations," where he coined the term "Middle East." This author's major work helped inspire Jackie Fisher and to enter the pre-World War I arms race; that book argued that Britain's rise from 1660 to 1783 was due to its military and commercial fleets. For the point, name this author of The Influence of Sea Power Upon History. ANSWER: Alfred Thayer Mahan 080-12-72-25164 65. One president of this country had policies that were referred to as “Mzee Rukhsa” or “Everything goes.” This country's leader Ali Hassan Mwinyi succeeded its first president, who was called Baba wa Taifa. This nation’s first leader promulgated a socialist agenda called ujamaa in the Arusha Declaration. That man joined his party, TANU, with the Afro-Shirazi Party, and was named Julius (nuh-RARE-ee) Nyerere. For the point, name this African country which formed in 1964 out of the unification of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. ANSWER: United Republic of Tanzania 192-12-72-25165 66. Adomnán was the leader of one of these organizations and wrote a biography of the founder of one of them, Columba. One of these institutions located at Armagh claimed supremacy over all others in Ireland, due to its affiliation with Saint Patrick. Odo initiated a reform movement in these institutions centered at a particularly powerful one in Cluny. They often ran by the motto “ora et labora,” which originated from the Rule of St. Benedict. For the point, name these complexes which house monks. ANSWER: monasteries [or abbeys] 121-12-72-25166

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 13 of 28 © HSAPQ 67. One section of this composition considers the tale of two lovers who "sat on a park bench, with their bodies touching, holding hands in the moonlight." A poem by Christopher Knowles is included in its "I Feel the Earth Move" section. Many portions of this work include the repetitions of syllables and numbers, and it includes five interludes known as knee plays. This minimalist work, along with Satyagraha and Akhnaten, forms its composer's Portrait Trilogy. For the point, identify this opera by Philip Glass which is named for a physicist. ANSWER: Einstein on the Beach 189-12-72-25167 68. This man’s election to Parliament was aided by the withdrawals from the race of Austin Currie and Noel Maguire. This man was the subject of the first feature film directed by Steve McQueen, in which he was portrayed by Michael Fassbender. This man was responsible for the eventual acceptance of the “five demands” after the failure of the “blanket” and “no wash” protests. His most famous action began on March 1, 1981, in the Maze Prison. For the point, name this IRA officer who died after sixty-six days leading an ultimately successful hunger strike. ANSWER: Bobby Sands 014-12-72-25168 69. Joshua Slocum was the first person to accomplish this action alone. George Anson accomplished this feat as part of a strategy to spite the Spanish during the War of Jenkins' Ear. Possible Genoan spy Antonio Pigafetta documented an attempt to do this. The Battle of Mactan occurred during a performance of this action; the Trinidad and Victoria completed that expedition, whose leader was killed by Lapu-Lapu in the Philippines. For the point, name this feat performed by Ferdinand Magellan's expedition, which sailed out from Spain and came back the other way. ANSWER: circumnavigating the globe [or sailing around the world] 080-12-72-25169 70. At one point, the speaker of this text says, “I made all things to all men, that I might by all means save some.” The narrator of this book explains what “suffereth long, and is kind,” and “is not puffed up.” In this text, the speaker recalls, “When I was a child, I spake as a child…but when I became a man, I put away childish things.” The speaker claims that “now we see through a glass, darkly,” and states that “now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity.” For the point, name this Pauline epistle, the first of two addressed to a Greek city. ANSWER: First Corinthians [prompt on Corinthians; prompt on The Bible or The New Testament until "Pauline epistle" is read] 014-12-72-25170 71. In September 2012, two thousand names were removed from a blacklist of people expelled from this country. Several Muslim citizens of this country died in two separate capsized boat accidents in November 2012, as they were fleeing ethnic violence in the state of Rakhine. The Rohingya people hail from this country, and, in 2012, President Obama became the first sitting President to visit here. This country reinstated the National League for Democracy in 2012, and a Nobel Peace Prize winner was elected into its legislature. For the point, name this Asian country led by Thein Sein. ANSWER: Burma [or Myanmar] 190-12-72-25171

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 14 of 28 © HSAPQ 72. During this period, one leader said that the Ministry of Public Health should be called the Ministry of Urban Gentlemen’s Health. The January Storm was during this period that featured the start of the “Down to the Countryside” movement and the dictum “Bombard the Headquarters.” A mass mobilization of students to fight revisionism and the “Four Olds” began this period, in which “capitalist roaders” and the Gang of Four were purged. For the point, name this 1966 to 1976 period involving Red Guards inspired by . ANSWER: Great Proletariat [or Wenhua Dageming, Wenge; or Wenhua Takeming, or Wente] 153-12-72-25172 73. One movement founded by this man first met at the home of Mary B. Talbert. This person used the term "talented tenth" to describe his theory that if one cultivated the talents of the best and brightest African-Americans, they would advance the interests of all African-Americans. This person proposed that "the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color-line" in his seminal essay collection The Souls of Black Folk. This man organized a meeting at Niagara Falls. For the point, identify this co-founder of the NAACP and critic of Booker T. Washington. ANSWER: William Edward Burghardt "W. E. B." Du Bois 066-12-72-25173 74. During this period, General William Wright ordered the baths of Stenay to be taken. In this period spearheaded by the Canadian Corps, which seized the Canal du Nord and reached Mons, the AEF attacked at Saint-Mihiel. It began with the breakthrough at Amiens, “the black day of the German Army”. For the point, name this offensive ended by the 11 November armistice that was roughly equal in duration as the time between Napoleon leaving Elba to Waterloo. ANSWER: Hundred Days’ Offensive [or Canada’s Hundred Days; or Meuse-Argonne Offensive] 153-12-72-25174 75. This organization was targeted by Operation Grapes of Wrath. This group contributed 12 members of parliament to the Free Patriotic Movement’s March 8th Alliance. This group’s flag contains a globe, book, sword, and a hand seizing an AK-47. Hassan Nasrallah is the current head of this organization, which along with the IJO was responsible for the 1983 bombing of a U.S. Marine Corps barracks. It was formed after a 1982 Israeli invasion and was trained by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards. For the point, name this Islamic terrorist group operating in Lebanon. ANSWER: Hizbollah 048-12-72-25175 76. In the movie Children of Men, Theo is driven by a work of this artist as he enters the Battersea Power Station; that work by this artist shows two policemen kissing. In a film, this artist starts out as the subject of a documentary by Thierry Guetta before this artist takes control and Guetta becomes Mr. Brainwash. In 2005, this artist protested the building of the West Bank barrier by creating nine paintings on the Palestinian side. For the point, name this British graffiti artist who directed Exit Through the Gift Shop and who chooses to remain known only by his pseudonym. ANSWER: Banksy 023-12-72-25176

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 15 of 28 © HSAPQ 77. This philosophy’s principles included “showing nothing,” or (WOO-shan) wuxian, and “accountability,” or (SHING-ming) xingming. The slogan “ru biao fa li” suggests that this philosophy survived as the “interior” principle. A chief writer of this philosophy, who died when Li Si made him drink poison, originally studied under the Confucian (SHUN-zee) Xunzi. This philosophy was expounded by Han Fezi and was prominent during the (CHIN) Qin dynasty. For the point, identify this Chinese philosophy that advocated governing a state through clear, strict laws and absolute obedience to the ruler. ANSWER: legalism 019-12-72-25177 78. Ellis Chesbrough's plans for a sewer system here required raising many of the buildings several feet above their foundation with hydraulic pumps. The first futures contracts were sold in this city's Board of Trade in 1864. The southern branch of the river running through this city was nicknamed “Bubbly Creek” from the bubbles caused by the waste dumped by the Union Stock Yards. This city's engineers reversed the flow of that river so that it would go downstate instead of into Lake Michigan. For the point, name this city which dyes that river green every St. Patrick's Day. ANSWER: Chicago, 121-12-72-25178 79. At this site, a tubercular war veteran issued a raspy command to his men to disperse. Jonathon Harrington was injured at this site, but managed to crawl back to his own home and die on his doorstep. At this site, John Parker said "Stand your ground; don't fire unless fired upon, but if they mean to have a war, let it begin here." John Pitcairn's army engaged in a skirmish at this site, whose inhabitants were ready thanks to the midnight ride of Paul Revere. For the point, name this site where the first shot of the Revolutionary War was fired on the same day as the Battle of Concord. ANSWER: Lexington 020-12-72-25179 80. Notable arias written by this composer include “Non piu mesta,” which is sung by Angelina in his adaptation of the Cinderella story La Cenerentola. In an opera by this man, the boastful aria “Largo al factotum” is sung by the man who helps Count Almaviva woo Rosina. In addition to writing the famous baritone role of Figaro, he composed a famous overture for his adaptation of a Friedrich Schiller play about a pseudo-historical Swiss marksman. For the point, name this Italian opera composer of William Tell and The Barber of Seville. ANSWER: Giaochino Rossini 014-12-72-25180 81. This man’s health minister called women “birth-giving machines.” His first term ended after his first Agriculture Minister committed suicide and his second was accused of corruption. This man was succeeded as prime minister by Yasuo Fukuda and came to power after when he succeeded Junichiro Koizumi. This man regained the chairmanship of the Liberal Democratic Party in September 2012. For the point, name this man who beat Yoshihiko Noda in December 2012 and became the current Prime Minister of Japan. ANSWER: Shinzo Abe 153-12-72-25181

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 16 of 28 © HSAPQ 82. This man won the Battle of Zapote Bridge before rising to power in the Tejeros Convention, which was held in Cavite, a province where he based many of his operations. This leader agreed to one peace treaty in the Pact of Biak-na-Bato and ordered the assassination of Antonio Luna. His forces fought at the Battle of Tirad Pass years before he lost a political race to Manuel Quezon, despite spending much of his life combating American and Spanish colonial powers as leader of the Katipunan Movement with Andres Bonifacio. For the point, name this revolutionary leader from the Philippines. ANSWER: Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy 192-12-72-25182 83. This king locked the Seven Bishops in the Tower of London after they refused his order for the Declaration of Indulgence to be read. During this king's reign, Judge Jeffries conducted the "Bloody Assizes," which disposed of the participants in the Duke of Monmouth's Rebellion. The colony of New York was named after this Duke of York, who pressured Parliament to repeal the Test and Corporation Acts. This Catholic convert pushed for religious toleration in England, leading to his overthrow. For the point, name this English king, overthrown in the Glorious Revolution. ANSWER: James II of England [or James VII of Scotland] 080-12-72-25183 84. The biennial nature of this series and the locations of the two teams means that the breaks between consecutive series alternate between 18 and 30 months. The 2013 edition of this series will still use Lord’s, which has been used since 1882. Ivo Bligh set out to “reclaim" this series and received an urn whose crystal replicas have become this series’ trophies. For the point, name this five match test cricket series between England and Australia named for a saying that the body of English cricket had been cremated. ANSWER: The Ashes 153-12-72-25184 85. The manager of one team during this event, Eddie Mathews, was fired a few months later, and had been a teammate of the player who performed it. Outfielder Bill Buckner jumped at the wall during this feat, but the ball ended up in the possession of pitcher Tom House. During this event, Vin Scully noted “a black man is getting a standing ovation in the Deep South.” The pitcher during this event was the Dodgers’ Al Downing, and it took place at Fulton County Stadium. For the point, name this April 8, 1974, event in which an Atlanta Brave broke a baseball record held by Babe Ruth. ANSWER: Hank Aaron hitting home run 715 [or Hank Aaron becoming career home run leader; or Hank Aaron breaking Babe Ruth’s home run record; or equivalents] 052-12-72-25185 86. Some of these people formed an anti-Nazi group called the Kreisau Circle. These people were often owners of rye farms, and their refusal to stop exporting their product led to the increased use of the Haber process to produce fertilizer for domestic wheat farming. These people formed an interest group to lobby against Leo von Caprivi's free-trade policies, the Agrarian League. The Reichstag’s Conservative Party represented the interests of this class. For the point, give this term for the large landowners who dominated Imperial German politics. ANSWER: Junkers (YUNK-ers, though accept phonetic English pronounciations) 019-12-72-25186

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 17 of 28 © HSAPQ 87. A Greek mercenary named Memnon from this island started a campaign to capture the Greek islands from Alexander the Great before dying of illness. Cicero and Julius Caesar went to this island to study rhetoric. Demetrius Poliorcetes besieged this island-city in 305 BC, building a gigantic siege tower called the Helepolis. A poet from this island named Apollonius wrote the Argonautika. The aforementioned siege engine was melted down and used to make a gigantic statue of Helios. For the point, name this Greek island whose "Colossus" is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. ANSWER: Rhodes 080-12-72-25187 88. One person from this city proved that segments joining three pairs of collinear points intersect at collinear points. A person from this city proved a concurrency condition for a transversal intersecting a triangle. This home of Pappus and the mathematician Menelaus was also where a woman was stripped and killed by a Christian mob for advising governor Orestes; that was Hypatia. One resident of this city described the parallel postulates in his 13-book Elements. For the point, name this city, the home of the geometer Euclid and a large ancient library. ANSWER: Alexandria 048-12-72-25188 89. The Dendra Panoply is an intact instance of this culture's body armor, made of overlapping plates. Nobles in this culture were buried with enormous wealth in beehive-shaped tombs called tholoi. Because this culture's walls were made of gigantic stones not sealed by mortar, they have been termed "Cyclopean." Michael Ventris helped decipher this civilization's language, Linear B. Troy discoverer Heinrich Schliemann identified a funeral mask from this culture as belonging to Agamemnon. For the point, name this Bronze Age Greek culture. ANSWER: Mycenean Greece 080-12-72-25189 90. The first method of performing this action involved treatment with dimethyl sulfide and hydrazine and was developed by Maxam and Gilbert. An automated method of performing this action was developed by Leroy Hood, which combined capillary electrophoresis with the chain termination method of Frederick Sanger. The “shotgun” method of performing this action was developed by Celera, a company founded by Craig Venter. For the point, name this biological technique, which was used extensively in the Human Genome Project. ANSWER: sequencing DNA 048-12-72-25190 91. This event led to the cancellation of the construction of the Forked River facility. The commission investigating this event was headed by the then-president of Dartmouth, John Kemeny, who found Babcock and Wilcox partly responsible. Governor Dick Thornburgh ordered a 20-mile-radius evacuation in response to this event, which occurred due to a failure of a pilot-operated relief valve in the Unit 2 reactor. For the point, identify this 1979 event in which a nuclear plant in Dauphin County, experienced a meltdown. ANSWER: Three Mile Island meltdown 048-12-72-25191

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 18 of 28 © HSAPQ 92. This man suggested that "Abu Bakar" and "Abdul the Bloody" were inside men responsible for a hostage situation at a theater. This man discussed the Anna Politkovskaya assassination case with his acquaintance Mario Scaramella over a plate of sushi shortly before his mysterious conversion to Islam. This co-author of Blowing Up Russia: Terror from Within worked with MI6 and MI5 during his asylum in London, and he may have died due to his expose of the role secret services played in bringing Putin to power. For the point, name this man who was poisoned with polonium-210 in 2006. ANSWER: Alexander Valterovich Litvinenko 020-12-72-25192 93. Photos of this event depict Robert Wanko holding an Uzi, and one participant in it was leaving an AFL-CIO luncheon at the Hilton Hotel. The target of this event quoted Jack Dempsey in saying “Honey, I forgot to duck” and later told a doctor “I hope you’re all Republicans.” After this event, Secretary of State Alexander Haig said “I am in control here.” It was perpetrated by a man obsessed with Jodie Foster. For the point, identify this March 30, 1981, event in which James Brady was crippled as John Hinckley Jr. tried to kill a recently inaugurated president. ANSWER: Ronald Reagan assassination attempt [or obvious equivalents, but attempt or some other indication that it was not a successful assassination must be included] 052-12-72-25193 94. During this war, one country signed the Convention of Klosterzeven, but later had an Annus Mirabilis with naval victories at Lagos and Quiberon Bay. In this war, a country had a joint victory at Minden with an ally that had been won at Leuthen and Rossbach. The Miracle of the House of Brandenburg occurred in this war when Elizabeth of Russia died. Prussia signed the Treaty of Hubertsburg during this war, after Britain broke their alliance by ending its conflict with Spain and France at the . For the point, name this war lasting from 1756 to 1763. ANSWER: Seven Years’ War [prompt on French and Indian Wars; prompt on Third Silesian War] 153-12-72-25194 95. The photographs taken by Pierre Paris helped reveal the water system used by this empire. One of this empire’s rulers built the Ta Prohm and Bayon Temple and defeated the Champa kingdom. Irrigation allowed for the originators of this empire to spread beyond the waters of the lake Tonle Sap, and its location allowed for a fusion of both Hindu and Buddhist doctrines. A famous ruler of this empire was Jayavarman VII, while Suryavarman II built the most famous architectural site left behind by this empire, Angkor Wat. For the point, name this empire that ruled in present-day Cambodia. ANSWER: Khmer empire 140-12-72-25195 96. One piece by this composer, the twelfth in his Opus 10, was apocryphally inspired by a failed uprising in his home country. This man wrote four unconventionally dark and expansive scherzos, the most performed of which is the second in B-flat minor. He perfected a melodically intricate form invented by John Field. His most recognizable pieces include a technical exercise played almost entirely on the black keys, the “Raindrop” Prelude, and the “Minute” Waltz. For the point, name this Polish composer of many etudes, mazurkas, and polonaises for the piano. ANSWER: Frederic Chopin 014-12-72-25196

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 19 of 28 © HSAPQ 97. This man's campaign manager was a woman he called “Mrs. M,” Belle Moskowitz. This person and William McAdoo were the initial favorites for a nominating convention that ended up choosing John Davis as a compromise. At that convention, Franklin Roosevelt called him the “happy warrior of the political battlefield” in a nominating speech. His theme song was “Sidewalks of New York” for a campaign where he was hurt by his opposition to Prohibition and his Roman Catholicism. For the point, name this 1928 Democratic presidential candidate. ANSWER: Alfred Emanuel Smith 121-12-72-25197 98. In a painting by this man, a demon that is grasping yellow streaks of light rides a white horse that is leaping over a brown horse. This teacher of Charles Peale and Gilbert Stuart depicted a crouching Native American in one painting. That painting by this man also features a man in blue pressing a white towel to the stomach of a dying commander. This artist of Death on a Pale Horse painted the death of a general at the . For the point, name this early American painter of the Death of General Wolfe. ANSWER: Benjamin West 149-12-72-25198 99. An early attempt by the U.S. to avoid participating in this movement was called “constructive engagement.” A failed attempt to avoid this action was the Sullivan Principles, developed by a Baptist preacher on the board of General Motors who later called for this action instead. Steven Van Zandt organized the recording of a song stating “I ain’t gonna play Sun City” as part of this action, which the band Queen ignored. In 1986, U.S. participation in this movement was mandated by a law passed over Reagan’s veto. For the point, identify this attempt to exert economic pressure against . ANSWER: the 1980s boycott of South Africa [or divestment from South Africa or sanctions against South Africa, etc.] 019-12-72-25199 100. As military governor of this island, Leonard Wood improved its sanitary conditions, helping reduce the incidence of yellow fever. The promised not to annex this island in an amendment to a joint resolution proposed by Henry M. Teller. A communication to William L. Marcy that advocated seizing this island is known as the Ostend Manifesto. That amendment was eventually superseded by one that allowed the US to lease or buy lands for the purpose of establishing naval bases, the Platt Amendment. For the point, name this location of the Guantanamo Bay naval base. ANSWER: Cuba 066-12-72-251100 101. This man expressed his pacifist views in “A Letter to a Hindu,” and developed these in a Christian framework in his The Kingdom of God is Within You. This man’s characters include the Levins, and their sister-in-law Dolly, whose husband, Stiva, has been having an affair with their governess. That conflict provides the opening line to one of his novels, “Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.” For the point, name this Russian author of Anna Karenina. ANSWER: Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy 191-12-72-251101

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 20 of 28 © HSAPQ 102. This man convinced the editorial board of Mathematische Annalen to dissolve and start over in order to remove L.E.J. Brouwer, who attacked this man's basis theorem for being non-constructive. Kurt Gödel's incompleteness proofs showed the impossibility for this man's research program to find a provably consistent and finite set of axioms for all mathematics. He claimed that “in mathematics there is no 'ignorabimus'” at a 1900 conference where he discussed the continuum hypothesis and Riemann hypothesis. For the point, name this German mathematician who presented 23 namesake unsolved problems. ANSWER: David Hilbert 121-12-72-251102 103. This man married Eleonore Kaunitz, making his father-in-law a former chancellor, and lost influence to Anton Graf von Kolowrat. The Academic Legion opposed this man. This opponent of South American independence movements ended the Burschenschaften. He reacted to playwright August von Kotzebue’s murder by Carl Sand with his Carlsbad Decrees, suppressing students who favored unification in the German Confederation he set up. For the point, name this foreign minister forced to resign in 1848, an Austrian prince who presided over the Congress of Vienna. ANSWER: Prince Klemens Wenzel Furst von Metternich [or Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar, Fürst Von Metternich-winneburg-beilstein] 104-12-72-251103 104. The country’s Prime Minister during a 1984 constitutional crisis, David Lange, made it a nuclear-free zone. This country’s General Freyberg was the Allied commander during the Fall of Crete and refused to attack Monte Cassino unless it was bombed. Greenpeace’s Rainbow Warrior was blown up in its largest city. The Treaty of Waitangi was signed in this country. For the point, name this country that fought the Musket Wars and Land Wars with its indigenous Maori people. ANSWER: New Zealand [or Aotearoa] 153-12-72-251104 105. One court case involving this company and i4i ruled that “clear and convincing evidence” is required to invalidate a patent. In one trial, this company was testified to have used a strategy of “embrace, extend, and extinguish”, and was compared to “gangland killers” by the judge. In that trial, this company was criticized for licensing deals with OEMs, and the lead prosecutor was Joel Klein. Thomas Penfield Jackson ruled that this company’s control of the operating systems market constituted a monopoly. For the point, name this corporation founded by Bill Gates. ANSWER: Microsoft 048-12-72-251105 106. This man successfully pleaded with Marquis de Lafayette for the right to lead a night attack on a British redoubt at the Battle of Yorktown. In one work, he wrote that “A constitution is, in fact, and must be regarded by the judges, as a fundamental law,” expounding an early conception of judicial review. He wrote the Report on Manufactures, outlining economic policies vehemently opposed by his colleague, Thomas Jefferson. For the point, name this author of the majority of the Federalist Papers and first Secretary of the Treasury who was killed in a duel by Aaron Burr. ANSWER: 014-12-72-251106

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 21 of 28 © HSAPQ 107. The perpetrator of this action was foiled because he used a rickety wooden folding chair for his perch and his arm was deflected by a woman. The perpetrator of this action explained himself by noting "I want to make it fifty-fifty since my stomach hurt." This action resulted in the death of Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak. It was perpetrated by an Italian anarchist and took place after its subject finished a speech at Bayfront Park, in Miami. For the point, identify this action in which Giuseppe Zangara tried to kill the person who defeated in the 1932 election. ANSWER: attempted assassination of President-elect Franklin Delano Roosevelt [or attempted assassination of President-elect FDR; prompt on partial answer to make it clear that it was not a successful assassination and to distinguish from Theodore Roosevelt] 066-12-72-251107 108. Isias Afewerki replaced one word in this phrase with “belligerence” to describe his nation’s relations with Yemen. This group was said to contribute to a “grave and growing danger”, and David Frum stated that this group was originally supposed to have “hatred” in its name. A speech by John Bolton added Cuba, Libya, and Syria to this group, which initially included Iraq, Iran, and North Korea. For the point, name this phrase first introduced in George W. Bush’s 2002 State of the Union Address to identify a set of nations that support terrorism. ANSWER: "Axis of Evil" 048-12-72-251108 109. In this war, the Army of the East was commanded by the once-glorious Charles Denis Bourbaki, who failed to besiege Belfort. Despite possessing a breech-loading rifle that was superior to the enemy needle gun, the losing side of this war was hampered by poor coordination of railways. shells were used to devastating effect at this war's largest battle, Gravelotte. The Ems Dispatch sparked this war, which ended soon after the decisive Battle of Sedan, whose peace terms resulted in the ceding of Alsace and Lorraine. For the point, name this 1870-71 war. ANSWER: Franco-Prussian War [or Franco-German War] 020-12-72-251109 110. These people fought a great war with Athens after Theseus kidnapped their leader. A leader of these people owned a girdle that was retrieved for Admeta, the daughter of king Eurystheus. (THUR-sit-eez) Thersites was killed for mocking Achilles after Achilles killed a leader of these people. Achilles fell in love with the leader of these people post-mortem. Hippolyta and Penthesilea led this group, who removed their right breast to improve their archery. For the point, identify this race of female warriors from Greek mythology. ANSWER: Amazons [or antianeirai; or androktones] 066-12-72-251110 111. This plan was similar to the earlier Godesberg proposal. One supporter of this agreement was foreign secretary Georges-Eitenne Bonnet, who was in the ministry of another of its supporters, Edouard Daladier. A critic of it stated, “You chose dishonor and you will have war,” and this plan resulted in Edvard Benes losing office. One of its architects claimed that this agreement represented “peace for our time.” For the point, name this agreement engineered by British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, in which Nazi Germany was allowed to annex the Sudetenland as a means of appeasement. ANSWER: Munich Pact 030-12-72-251111

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 22 of 28 © HSAPQ 112. Chapter 11 of this book contains a “table of chords”, which uses base-60 numerals. Manuel Comnenus gave a copy of this book to Henry Aristippus, though it was popularized via Gerard of Cremona’s Latin translation of an Arabic copy by Sahl ibn Bishr. This book is the only extant source for the trigonometry of Hipparchus, and one section of this book defines deferents as paths traced out by the center of an epicycle. Its first chapter discusses the theories of Aristotle. For the point, name this book which posits a geocentric universe, written by Ptolemy. ANSWER: The Almagest 048-12-72-251112 113. One incident in this state was triggered by the arrest of Dick Rowland for the assault of Sarah Page, and saw the destruction of the Greenwood District. An incident in this state was investigated by Special Agent Weldon Kennedy. 3 “Gates of Time” and a field of 186 chairs commemorates that event here, in which several bags of ammonium nitrate fertilizer were used to destroy the Alfred P. Murrah federal building. For the point, name this state, the site of a bombing carried out by Terry Nichols and Timothy McVeigh. ANSWER: Oklahoma 048-12-72-251113 114. In the 4th century C.E, the three kingdoms of this region, Nobatia, Makouria, and Alwa, were converted to Christianity by the work of Byzantine missionaries, including Julian. One ruler of this area, Piankhy, conquered land to its north after the surrender of King Orsokon. Napata was a religious center for this region, and Meroe was used as its administrative capital. After being conquered by Egypt in the 17th century B.C., this region’s inhabitants began the 25th dynasty by conquering Egypt. For the point, name this region of present-day northern Sudan. ANSWER: Nubia 140-12-72-251114 115. A derogatory term for this group's leaders was "Pfeffersäcke," meaning “pepper sacks.” Klaus Störtebeker fought agains this organization as captain of the Likedeelers. Edward IV signed the Treaty of Utrecht with this group, which gave it ownership of the Steelyard, its London headquarters. This group was able to reduce transport costs when it started using the Umlandfahrt, a route through Skagerrak that avoided the need for land travel between Hamburg and this group's most powerful member, Lübeck. For the point, name this medieval Baltic merchant confederation. ANSWER: Hanseatic League [or Hansa; or Hanse] 121-12-72-251115 116. A museum devoted to this industry was established at the place where James "Grey Eyes" Bordeaux practiced it in Chadron, Nebraska. Practitioners of this occupation provided “point blankets” to their business associates. William Ashley’s innovation of the rendezvous consolidated much of this industry’s annual activity, and it was briefly controlled in the Pacific Northwest by John Jacob Astor. For the point, identify this economic activity which was the original pursuit of the Hudson’s Bay Company and the cause of many beaver deaths in colonial North America. ANSWER: the fur trade 019-12-72-251116

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 23 of 28 © HSAPQ 117. One modern version of this activity is called ulama; in that type, all participants wear a traditional loincloth. Fray Diego Duran described a rash of gambling over this activity in his history of the New World. It was done in an I-shaped land clearing where people were forbidden from using their hands. In some instances, this activity required the construction of circular stone hoops. The Olmecs pioneered the use of its central rubber object. For the point, name this Mesoamerican activity of religious importance, a long-lived and violent team sport. ANSWER: sacred Mesoamerican ball game [or juego de pelota; or ollamaliztli ; or tlachtly; or pok-ta-pok; accept any equivalent involving a game being played with a ball or a specific ethnic group] 104-12-72-251117 118. Banking firms in this city collapsed after Edward III declared himself insolvent and refused to repay his loans. Bocca degli Abati killed this city's standard-bearer while serving in its army at the battle of Montaperi. Michele di Lando was put in charge here by revolting clothworkers called the Ciompi, who were upset they were not represented in the Arte della Lana. War with the republic of Lucca led to Cosimo the Elder becoming gran maestro here, and Cosimo's descendants ruled this city for the next four hundred years. For the point, name this city-state ruled by the Medici. ANSWER: Florence [or Firenze] 121-12-72-251118 119. The logistical work done by Edward A. Guilbert during this incident was an early example of e-commerce, and it was prompted in part by one party's refusal to let Ernst Reuter take office. Gail Halverson earned the nickname of “The Candy Bomber” during this event, which was organized by Lucius Clay. The C-47 Goonybird was the primary vehicle used to carry out this event. This event was codenamed Operation Viddles and resulted in the delivery of approximately 1.7 million tons of food. For the point, name this endeavor by to circumvent the Soviet Union's blockade of a German city. ANSWER: Berlin Airlift 030-12-72-251119 120. A mentally impaired head of state during this period once rolled up a prepared speech meant to be delivered to the legislature and used it as a telescope. One government of this period failed to add a racial equality clause to the Versailles treaty and terminated an alliance with Great Britain. During this period, Tsingtao was taken from Germany and the Great Kanto earthquake occurred. For the point, name this early Japanese period in which democracy flourished, and which corresponded with the reign of its namesake emperor. ANSWER: Taisho era 153-12-72-251120 121. Mircea Eliade defined myth as an account of this process. Charles Long divided this process into type like ex nihilo and earth-diver. This process is described in the Babylonian Enuma elish and Hesiod's Theogony; in the former, Apsu and Tiamat are responsible for it, while in the latter, the starting point of this process is Chaos. In Egyptian mythology, this process occurs after the sun rises for the first time. In many mythologies, this process occurs when a cosmic egg "hatches." For the point, identify this mythological process that explains how the world began. ANSWER: creation [or cosmogenesis] 066-12-72-251121

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 24 of 28 © HSAPQ 122. This man was fired from his job at the Wall Street corporation Bache & Company for growing his hair out in protest to the American invasion of Cambodia. This person controversially allowed Peoples Temple volunteers to aid his campaign against Art Agnos. Along with the mayor he served, George Moscone, he was assassinated by Dan White, a disgruntled former politician. This man gained the moniker “The Mayor of Castro Street” after moving to . For the point, name this man whose election as supervisor in San Francisco marked him as the first openly gay elected public official. ANSWER: Harvey Bernard Milk 192-12-72-251122 123. This year’s Olympics marked the first time the host failed to win a gold and the last time the Games were directed by Baron Coubertin, who gave medals to George Mallory’s failed Mt. Everest expedition. The Olympic motto and an Olympic village were first used in this year, which also involved the first athletes from Ireland. Chariots of Fire is about two British runners in this year. For the point, name this year in which Paris held its second games and (shah-moh-NEE) Chamonix held the first Winter Games. ANSWER: 1924 153-12-72-251123 124. This composer titled one of his masses for Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily. When this composer's country went to war against France, he wrote the Mass in Time of War. The compositions in his revolutionary Opus 20 are known as the “Sun” Quartets. One of his symphonies derives its nickname from a sudden loud chord in its C major second movement. That symphony, one of his “London” Symphonies, is the “Surprise.” For the point, name this Austrian composer known as the “Father of the String Quartet” and “Father of the Symphony.” ANSWER: Franz Joseph Haydn 014-12-72-251124 125. One leader of this country was married to a woman called Dona Encarnacion, who ran the violent group nicknamed the Mazorca. This country's years under a dictator were described in a biography of Juan Facundo Quiroga, which was written by this country's future president Domingo Faustino Sarmiento. This country spent nearly twenty years under the rule of the caudillo Juan Manuel de Rosas. For the point, name this country whose history is "haunted" by the shadow of the "gaucho," who roamed its Pampas. ANSWER: Argentina [or Argentine Republic; or Republica Argentina] 023-12-72-251125 126. This country’s delegate at the Congress of Vienna, the Marquis of Labrador, was so unpopular because of demands for this country’s historic Italian lands that the others abandoned him on a balloon trip. The “Hundred Thousand Sons of St. Louis” intervened in this country where Maria Christina ruled as regent and fought the Carlists. Ferdinand VII, “the Desired”, was succeeded as king of this nation by Joseph Bonaparte. For the point, name this primary site of the Peninsular War against Napoleon, which once controlled its fellow Iberian state Portugal. ANSWER: Kingdom of Spain [or Reino de Espana] 153-12-72-251126 127. This group was responsible for destroying a number of Chicago police cars after the murder of Black Panther leader Fred Hampton. One leader of this group, John Jacobs, organized its Days of Rage around the slogan "bring the war home." In 1970, this group broke Timothy Leary out of prison. This group received its name from a Bob Dylan lyric about not needing a certain figure "to know which way the wind blows." For the point, name this radical splinter group from the Students for a Democratic Society that protested the by committing a number of bombings in the US in the 1970s. ANSWER: Weathermen [or Weather Underground Organization] 023-12-72-251127

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 25 of 28 © HSAPQ 128. Pierre-Simon Laplace began his 1774 memoirs with a version of this statement. Fisher praised this idea's original formulator for not making it public, leaving it to Richard Price to publish. Harold Jeffreys revived interest in it, and offered it as an alternative to confidence intervals and other frequentist approaches. For the point, name this statement of probability that relates a posterior probability to a prior and likelihood function, named for an English mathematician. ANSWER: Bayes' theorem [or Bayes' law] 121-12-72-251128 129. In this country, an ex-actor and comedian founded the Five-Star Movement in 2010 to combat government corruption. An ex-leader of this country vowed in December 2012 not to run for the People of Freedom party leadership in 2013. The current president of the European Central Bank hails from this country. The president of this country in 2012 served as European Commissioner for a decade and was invited to form a government after the resignation of his predecessor over various scandals. For the point, name this country whose debt crisis was handled by technocrat Mario Monti. ANSWER: Italy 190-12-72-251129 130. This person was the inspiration of a seven-star, Fairy-type fusion Yu-gi-oh! monster card used by Serenity Wheeler to defeat the Perfect Machine King. This person was the inspiration for a 2009 PSP game in which this character leaves the village of Domremy with Liane and Roger and attacks both humans and demons of the English army. In Civilization III, this person leads a civilization that has its Musketman unit replaced by a Musketeer. For the point, name this French heroine known as the Maid of Orleans. ANSWER: Saint Joan of Arc [or Jeanne d’Arc; prompt on Joan] 153-12-72-251130 131. This case was extended to a federal statue one year later in U.S. v. Eichmann, and Stevens’s dissent in it drew a distinction between disagreeable ideas and disagreeable conduct. The defendant in this case was a member of the Revolutionary Communist Youth Brigade and was arrested after chanting “Either one means World War III.” Brennan’s decision in this case stated that an act must have elements of communication in order to fall under the First Amendment. For the point, name this 1989 Supreme Court case which upheld the legality of flag burning. ANSWER: Texas v. Johnson 048-12-72-251131 132. The speaker of this passage instructs those at the altar with unresolved conflicts to “first be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift.” Discussing adultery, the speaker of this section states, “If thine eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast it from thee.” Early, its speaker claims, “Ye are the light of the world,” and “Ye are the salt of the earth.” Central to the Gospel of Matthew, this passage includes such teachings as “Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth,” one of the Beatitudes. For the point, identify this oration delivered by Jesus. ANSWER: the Sermon on the Mount 014-12-72-251132 133. Some opponents of this man, including the journal-writing James Morrison, were captured by Edward Edwards and the Pandora. This man arrested John Macarthur while serving as governor of New South Wales, sparking the Rum Rebellion. While serving under James Cook aboard the Resolution, this man met James Banks, who suggested the use of breadfruit as a food for slaves. This man stopped at the island of Tofua and ultimately landed at Tahiti after being put on a twenty-foot boat by Fletcher Christian. For the point, name this mutiny target, the captain of the HMS Bounty. ANSWER: William Bligh 019-12-72-251133

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 26 of 28 © HSAPQ 134. The Noel Coward film In Which We Serve was based on this man’s command of the HMS Kelly. Thomas McMahon was convicted of murdering this man a few hours before the massacre of 18 British troops near Warrenpoint. He oversaw the retaking of Burma as the head of the South East Asia Command during World War II, and he unsuccessfully tried to avoid partition in another post. For the point, name this relative of Elizabeth II who served as the last viceroy of India and who was assassinated by a bomb planted on his boat by the Provisional IRA in 1979. ANSWER: Louis Mountbatten 030-12-72-251134 135. William Moultrie introduced this man to Lachlan McIntosh, whom this man hoped would lead an expedition into Florida. supported this man's endeavors and offered to lead a force of 800 to attack New Orleans on his behalf. Both those plans were canceled after asked for this man to be recalled. He refitted the Little Sarah as La Petite Démocrate, breaking his pledge to stop commissioning privateers at American ports. For the point, name this first minister to the United States of the French Republic, the namesake of a diplomatic scandal. ANSWER: Citizen Edmond-Charles Genet 121-12-72-251135 136. A river of this name has its volume greatly increase at its junction with the Pelley River at Fort Selkirk, and a prominent tributary of this river is the Tanana River. The Gwich’in peoples are a prominent First Nation group in a polity of this name. The river of this name has a tributary named the Porcupine River, and empties into the Norton Sound. Kluane National Park and Reserve is located in the polity with this name that includes the St. Elias Mountains. That polity of this name is the location of Mount Logan. For the point, name this Canadian river that also names a territory that has its capital at Whitehorse. ANSWER: Yukon 030-12-72-251136 137. This person was the first President of the Woman's Peace Party and served as chairman of the International Congress of Women held at The Hague. One of this person's efforts served the neighborhood around Greektown, Maxwell and Halsted Streets. London's Toynbee Hall was the inspiration for that first settlement house in America, which she founded with Ellen Gates Starr. This person was the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. For the point, identify this female cofounder of the Hull House in Chicago. ANSWER: Jane Addams 066-12-72-251137 138. This event began shortly after Senator Thomas Hardwick’s housekeeper was maimed in an attack by followers of Luigi Galleani. This event was eventually opposed by Acting Secretary of Labor Louis F. Post. One writer noted the “sad irony” that this event’s namesake was a Quaker. Targets of it were placed on a ship dubbed the “Soviet Ark” and included Emma Goldman. This event started after a series of letter bombings were carried out by Italian radicals. For the point, name these 1919 to 1920 push to arrest and deport anarchists, led by the namesake Attorney General. ANSWER: Palmer Raids [prompt on First ] 052-12-72-251138

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139. Cultures that live on this island include the Arapesh, Biwat and Iatmul. The isolation of cultures on this island has given rise to an art tradition characterized by "hooked" or "beaked" style of elongated noses on masks and sculptures. The Sepik River cultures are found on this island, where over eight hundred languages are spoken. The German colony of Kaiser-Wilhelmsland was once located on this island, which contains the province formerly known as Irian Jaya. For the point, name this island divided between Indonesia and an independent Papuan state. ANSWER: New Guinea 066-12-72-251139 140. Lucy Wright and Joseph Meacham led this group. This group was heavily influenced by the Camisards, and it underwent a spiritual revival called the Era of Manifestations. The first community for this group was established in New Lebanon. Their numbers have been reduced greatly in size in part due to this group's shunning of parenthood, and this sect is noted for its distinctive furniture style and for hymns such as “Simple Gifts.” For the point, name this sect founded by Mother Ann Lee that gained its most widely used name from their charismatic worship practices. ANSWER: Shakers [or United Society of Belivers in Christ's Second Appearing; prompt on “Millenial Church”] 030-12-72-251140

2013 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals Page 28 of 28 © HSAPQ

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