Figure 8. Zambian Stratigraphic Column Showing Mineralized Interval and Nomenclature Used in Previous Studies and This Report
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FROM COERCION to COMPENSATION INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSES to LABOUR SCARCITY in the CENTRAL AFRICAN COPPERBELT African Economic
FROM COERCION TO COMPENSATION INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSES TO LABOUR SCARCITY IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN COPPERBELT African economic history working paper series No. 24/2016 Dacil Juif, Wageningen University [email protected] Ewout Frankema, Wageniningen University [email protected] 1 ISBN 978-91-981477-9-7 AEHN working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. The papers have not been peer reviewed, but published at the discretion of the AEHN committee. The African Economic History Network is funded by Riksbankens Jubileumsfond, Sweden 2 From Coercion to Compensation Institutional responses to labour scarcity in the Central African Copperbelt* Dácil Juif, Wageningen University Ewout Frankema, Wageningen University Abstract There is a tight historical connection between endemic labour scarcity and the rise of coercive labour market institutions in former African colonies. This paper explores how mining companies in the Belgian Congo and Northern Rhodesia secured scarce supplies of African labour, by combining coercive labour recruitment practices with considerable investments in living standard improvements. By reconstructing internationally comparable real wages we show that copper mine workers lived at barebones subsistence in the 1910s-1920s, but experienced rapid welfare gains from the mid-1920s onwards, to become among the best paid manual labourers in Sub-Saharan Africa from the 1940s onwards. We investigate how labour stabilization programs raised welfare conditions of mining worker families (e.g. medical care, education, housing quality) in the Congo, and why these welfare programs were more hesitantly adopted in Northern Rhodesia. By showing how solutions to labour scarcity varied across space and time we stress the need for dynamic conceptualizations of colonial institutions, as a counterweight to their oft supposed persistence in the historical economics literature. -
Acte Argeo Final
GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE INDICATIONS OF THE GEOLOGIC DEVELOPMENT AND HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITIES OF D.R.C. Getahun Demissie Addis Abeba, Ethiopia, [email protected] ABSTRACT Published sources report the occurrence of more than 135 thermal springs in D.R.C. All occur in the eastern part of the country, in association with the Western rift and the associated rifted and faulted terrains lying to its west. Limited information was available on the characteristics of the thermal features and the natural conditions under which they occur. Literature study of the regional distribution of these features and of the few relatively better known thermal spring areas, coupled with the evaluation of the gross geologic conditions yielded encouraging results. The occurrence of the anomalously large number of thermal springs is attributed to the prevalence of abnormally high temperature conditions in the upper crust induced by a particularly high standing region of anomalously hot asthenosphere. Among the 29 thermal springs the locations of which could be determined, eight higher temperature features which occur in six geologic environments were found to warrant further investigation. The thermal springs occur in all geologic terrains. Thermal fluid ascent from depth is generally influenced by faulting while its emergence at the surface is controlled by the near-surface hydrology. These factors allow the adoption of simple hydrothermal fluid circulation models which can guide exploration. Field observations and thermal water sampling for chemical analyses are recommended for acquiring the data which will allow the selection of the most promising prospects for detailed, integrated multidisciplinary exploration. An order of priorities is suggested based on economic and technical criteria. -
DRC Consolidated Zoning Report
CONSOLIDATED REPORT ON THE LIVELIHOOD ZONES OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO DECEMBER 2016 Contents ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................... 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... 6 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 7 1.1 Livelihoods zoning ....................................................................................................................7 1.2 Implementation of the livelihood zoning ...................................................................................8 2. RURAL LIVELIHOODS IN DRC - AN OVERVIEW .................................................................. 11 2.1 The geographical context ........................................................................................................ 11 2.2 The shared context of the livelihood zones ............................................................................. 14 2.3 Food security questions ......................................................................................................... 16 3. SUMMARY DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LIVELIHOOD ZONES .................................................... 18 CD01 COPPERBELT AND MARGINAL AGRICULTURE ....................................................................... 18 CD01: Seasonal calendar .................................................................................................................... -
Concordant Ages for the Giant Kipushi Base Metal Deposit (DR Congo) from Direct Rb–Sr and Re–Os Dating of Sulfides
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library Miner Deposita (2007) 42:791–797 DOI 10.1007/s00126-007-0158-y LETTER Concordant ages for the giant Kipushi base metal deposit (DR Congo) from direct Rb–Sr and Re–Os dating of sulfides Jens Schneider & Frank Melcher & Michael Brauns Received: 30 May 2007 /Accepted: 27 June 2007 / Published online: 24 July 2007 # Springer-Verlag 2007 Abstract We report concordant ages of 451.1±6.0 and (upper) crust. The concordant Re–Os and Rb–Sr ages 450.5±3.4 Ma from direct Rb–Sr and Re–Os isochron obtained in this study provide independent proof of the dating, respectively, of ore-stage Zn–Cu–Ge sulfides, geological significance of direct Rb–Sr dating of sphalerite. including sphalerite for the giant carbonate-hosted Kipushi base metal (+Ge) deposit in the Neoproterozoic Lufilian Keywords Kipushi . Base metals . Copperbelt . Congo . Arc, DR Congo. This is the first example of a world-class Rb–Sr isotopes . Re–Os isotopes . Pb isotopes sulfide deposit being directly dated by two independent isotopic methods. The 451 Ma age for Kipushi suggests that the ore-forming solutions did not evolve from metamorphogenic fluids mobilized syntectonically during Introduction the Pan-African-Lufilian orogeny but rather were generated in a Late Ordovician postorogenic, extensional setting. The Precise constraints on the timing of mineralization are of homogeneous Pb isotopic composition of the sulfides fundamental importance in understanding the genesis of indicates that both Cu–Ge- and Zn-rich orebodies of the hydrothermal ore deposits. -
Database of Mineral Resources of Zambia
International Workshop on UNFC-2009 DATABASEDATABASE OFOF MINERALMINERAL – Theory and Practice RESOURCESRESOURCES OFOF ZAMBIAZAMBIA Warsaw, 21-22 June 2010 By Prof. Imasiku Nyambe & Cryton Phiri University of Zambia, Geology Department, Lusaka-Zambia PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION LAYOUTLAYOUT y Introduction y Regional Geological Setting y Stratigraphy y Geology and Mineral Resources y Mining Administration Of Mineral Resource y Regional Mapping y Geochemical Survey y Mineral Resource Exploration y Mineral Resource Evaluation y Mineral Potential y Conclusion y References IntroductionIntroduction y Zambia is a landlocked country in Southern Africa with a total area of 752,614km² and with a population of 12 million people. Located well in the tropics and enjoys a sunny climate with three distinct seasons. The country is endowed with mineral resources and since 1930s the mining industry has been the economic backbone of Zambia. RegionalRegional GeologicalGeological SettingSetting y Zambia is a vivacious country forming a natural hub for the regions diverse activities. Its diverse mineral endowment is entirely a function of the variety of geological terrains and the multiplicity of thermal tectonic events that have overprinted and shaped these terrains. Position of Zambia RegionalRegional GeologicalGeological SettingSetting Zambia’s geological terrains y The multiplicity of tectono‐thermal events reflect somewhat a complex geology. These differential movements have played an important role in the geological evolution and the genesis of the country’s -
Kipushi Project Democratic Republic of Congo NI 43-101 Technical Report (Revision 2) September 2012
Kipushi Project Democratic Republic of Congo NI 43-101 Technical Report (Revision 2) September 2012 Prepared for Ivanplats Limited Document Ref.: 984C-R-13 Qualified persons: Victor Kelly, BA, FAusIMM, P Eng. - Geologist Julian Bennett, BSc, FIMMM, C Eng. - Mining engineer David JF Smith CEng – IMC Director of Mining Kipushi Zinc Mine Project Democratic Republic of Congo NI 43-101 Technical Report (Revision 2) FINAL REPORT Page i Table of Contents 1 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ 1 2 INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE ............................................................... 5 3 RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS ................................................................................... 6 4 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION ................................................................... 6 4.1 Legal Title ............................................................................................................................ 7 4.1.1 Mineral Property and Title in the DRC ................................................................................ 7 4.1.2 Surface Rights Title ............................................................................................................ 10 4.1.3 Royalties ............................................................................................................................ 10 4.1.4 Environmental Obligations............................................................................................... -
District Du Haut Katanga
CONTEXTE : District du Haut Katanga: Lubumbashi: • Du 01 au 02 octobre, il s’est tenu la réunion de la Tripartite Plus. Ces assises ont regroupé les Chefs d’Etat-Major des pays membres de la Tripartite Plus à savoir le Burundi, l’Ouganda, le Rwanda, et la RDC en présence (sous la facilitation) du Commandant de la Force de la MONUC et de l’Attaché de Défense des Etats-Unis en RDC. La prochaine réunion de la Tripartite Plus se tiendra à Kampala en Ouganda au mois de janvier 2008. • Le 02/10/07, la pluie qui s’est abattue dans la ville de Lubumbashi et ses environs, a causé de dégâts matériels dans certains quartiers. A Kipushi, une femme est décédée de suite d’électrocution par la foudre. • Selon les informations relayées par les partenaires, des tracasseries sont perpétrées par le chargé de l’antenne des Affaires humanitaires installé à Bukama à l’endroit des acteurs humanitaires notamment dans la réinstallation des sinistrés des inondations initiée par l’ONG locale AME. OCHA a saisi les autorités locales sur ce dossier. Grâce à cette intervention, MSF-B a pu poursuivre les travaux de forage des puits dans ce site. • De violentes manifestations organisées à Kolwezi par des creuseurs artisanaux se sont soldées par d’importants dégâts matériels dont l’incendie de quelques maisons des cadres de la GECAMINES. Ces manifestations font suite aux mesures prises par la GECAMINES portant interdiction de la vente, en dehors de cette entreprise, des minerais puisés dans sa concession. • Dans la nuit du 05/10/07, une femme a été violée par des hommes en uniforme au quartier Kalemuka, située à 7 km du centre ville de Lubumbashi. -
Democratic Republic of the Congo
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO MONTHLY REFUGEE STATISTICS Situation as of December 31, 2020 Type Age 0-4 5-11 12-17 18-59 60+ Total % Total Rural (out of camp) 68,538 95,888 56,917 121,848 8,698 351,889 71.8% Total Camps/Sites 23,105 38,805 20,837 46,296 2,939 131,982 26.9% Total 490,243 Total Urban 652 1,491 1,135 2,908 186 6,372 1.3% Grand Total 92,295 136,184 78,889 171,052 11,823 490,243 Refugee Population in DRC Refugee Population by Province in DRC Country Female Male Total % Province Main Location Type Female Male Total Angola 179 235 414 0.08% Bas Uele Ango & Bondo Rural 25,362 20,112 45,474 Burundi* 24,138 22,691 46,829 9.55% Equateur Disperced Rural 136 206 342 CAR 93,172 80,559 173,731 35.44% Haut Katanga Lubumbashi & Urb. & Rur. 1,742 Arounds 808 934 Rep.Congo 251 386 637 0.13% Haut Uele Dungu, Doruma Rural 22,491 19,577 42,068 Rwanda*** 107,418 106,359 213,777 43.61% Ituri Aru, Ariwara & IngbokoloRural 6,523 6,151 12,674 S. Sudan** 29,035 25,720 54,755 11.17% Kasai Oriental Tshiala Rural 4 7 11 Sudan 8 24 32 0.01% Kinshasa Kinshasa & Urb. & Rur. 790 outskirts 375 415 Uganda 13 10 23 0.005% Kongo Central Bas Fleuve, Rural 817 MbanzaNg. & Kimaza 328 489 Somalia 7 7 14 0.003% Lomami Luila &MweneDitu Rural 424 428 852 Ivory Coast 4 3 7 0.001% Lualaba Dilolo,Sandoa &Kolwezi Rural 590 596 1,186 Other 10 14 24 0.005% Maniema Pangi, Kailo&Lukolo Rural 243 385 628 Total 254,235 236,008 490,243 100% Nord Kivu Lubero, Masisi, Urb. -
Le Congrès Pan-Africain De Préhistoire Visite Le Katanga. Compte Rendu De L'excursion (7 Au 14 Août 1955) (*), Par G
ET SA STRATIGRAPHIE, ETC. 73 que ce fossile se situe vers le début du pluvial gamblien. Répondant à une autre question il dit que pour les anglo-saxons il s'agit d'une forme pseudo-néanderthaloïde sans liens de parenté avec le N ean derthal européen; il résulterait d'une évolution parallèle. Son stade morphologique le mettrait à la source à la fois des austra loïdes et des non-australoïdes (Bushmen, etc ... ) M. M. Bequaert demande à M. G. Mortelmans de bien vouloir préciser la situation des industries paléolithiques du Congo belge et plus particulièrement de préciser la notion d'un hiatus culturel pendant le Kamasien s.l. M. Mortelmans répond qu'effectivement il semble qu'aux latitudes du Congo il y ait eu, pendant les plu viaux, un trop grand développement de la forêt. Celle-ci devait refouler les hommes primitifs vers des zones moins arborées où l'on rencontre effectivement leurs traces nombreuses. Au Katanga, par exemple, seules les Pebble-Cultures, qui encadrent le premier interpluvial, et l'Acheuléen terminal, suivi du Sangoen, qui pré cèdent la grande dessiccation fin-kanjérienne, sont abondamment représentés. Les stades pIns archaiques du Chelléo-Achellléen sont plus rares ou même absents. Il en est de même en Rhodésie du Nord. le Congrès Pan-Africain de Préhistoire visite le Katanga. Compte rendu de l'excursion (7 au 14 août 1955) (*), par G. MORTELMANS. INTRODUCTION. Il est de règle, dans tous les grands congrès internationaux qui s'intéressent aux sciences de la Terre, qu'il s'agisse de Géo logie, de Pédologie ou de Préhistoire, que les pays invitants se chargent d'organiser, sur leur territoire, de grandes excursions qui sont l'occasion, pour les spécialistes de ces pays, d'exposer les évidences de terrain sur lesquelles sont basées les connais sances locales ou régionales. -
Site Assessment Report
Site Assessment Report Thrive Project (AID-611-C-13-00001) Submitted by: Submitted to: FHI360 Zambia Rick Henning July 2013 Chief of Party Thrive Project Email: [email protected] Acknowledgements FHI360 wishes to thank Thrive project and all those that rendered support in carrying out the assessment. We thank the PATH and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), through the American people, for providing PATH the opportunity to implement the NACS in health facilities and their communities in Zambia. We also wish to thank the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Community Development Mother and Child Health, District Management Teams of Chipata, Lundazi, Katete, Ndola, Kitwe and Mufulira and ART clinic management for their time to provide the information. We appreciate the ongoing technical support and ongoing collaboration with the National Food and Nutrition Commission (NFNC). ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................. ii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................... iii Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................................... iv Definition of terms ............................................................................................................................................. -
USAID/Zambia Partners in Development Book
PARTNERS IN DEVELOPMENT July 2018 Partners in Zambia’s Development Handbook July 2018 United States Agency for International Development Embassy of the United States of America Subdivision 694 / Stand 100 Ibex Hill Road P.O. Box 320373 Lusaka, Zambia 10101 Cover Photo: As part of a private -sector and youth-engagement outreach partnership, media entrepreneur and UNAIDS Ambassador Lulu Haangala Wood (l), musician and entrepreneur Pompi (c), and Film and TV producer Yoweli Chungu (r) lend their voices to help draw attention to USAID development programs. (Photo Credit: Chando Mapoma / USAID Zambia) Our Mission On behalf of the American People, we promote and demonstrate democratic values abroad, and advance a free, peaceful, and prosperous world. In support of America's foreign policy, the U.S. Agency for International Development leads the U.S. Government's international development and disaster assistance through partnerships and investments that save lives, reduce poverty, strengthen democratic governance, and help people emerge from humanitarian crises and progress beyond assistance. Our Interagency Initiatives USAID/Zambia Partners In Development 1 The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is the lead U.S. Government agency that works to end extreme global poverty and enable resilient, democratic societies to realize their potential. Currently active in over 100 countries worldwide, USAID was born out of a spirit of progress and innovation, reflecting American values and character, motivated by a fundamental belief in helping others. USAID provides development and humanitarian assistance in Africa, Asia and the Near East, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Europe. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., USAID retains field missions around the world. -
Kitwe (Zambia)
Assessing and Planning City Region Food System Kitwe (Zambia) :: Introduction Kitwe city region includes the 10 districts that compose the Copperbelt Province. The Copperbelt Province is located in north-western Zambia and covers 31,329 Km2. It is the second most populated and dense area in Zambia after Lusaka (approx.2.3 million inhabitants), with 39% living in urban areas. It lies on one of the world’s greatest mineral bearing rocks, in particular for copper, dictating the spatial pattern of development. Three layers have been defined to characterize the area: 1. Primary or Core Region, defined exclusively by Kitwe district; 2. Secondary of Peripheral Region, defined by the Copperbelt Province, i.e. the area defined as the city region, where most of the food consumed is produced; 3. Tertiary or Other Region: Region outside the secondary region but from which the Kitwe food system obtains agricultural, livestock and poultry products. Kitwe city region: core, secondary and tertiary regions (Source: CSO, 2012) :: Describing the city region food system (CRFS) Food production: Most small scale farmers are still illegal settlers Who feeds the city region? awaiting title to land. Access to land in the core region is very difficult due to high demand as The Kitwe City region has great potential well as competition between agriculture, mining to produce agro-commodities. Although activities and urban development. almost all fresh food products are locally There is a major issue of agrochemicals produced, the demand exceeds supply and contamination of the worker’s health and the the shortfall is made up by importing from ecosystems, due to inadequate data to be shared outside the region even outside the country.