Uganda Human Development Report 2015
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Uganda Human Development Report 2015 Unlocking the Development Potential of Northern Uganda ©Copyright 2015 UNDP United Nations Development Programme Plot 11, Yusuf Lule Road P.O. Box 7184, Kampala, Uganda Tel: +256312338100 / 417112100 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission. Design and Layout Nomad Advertising Limited www.thenomadagency.com For a list of any errors or omissions found subsequent to printing, please visit www.hdr.undp.org Disclaimer The views expressed herein are those of the authors of the report and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNDP. Uganda Human Development Report 2015: Unlocking the Development Potential of Northern Uganda Foreword, Prime Minister Northern Uganda has come a long way since September 2006 when Joseph Kony’s Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) rebels succumbed to defeat by the Uganda People’s Defence Force (UPDF) and ceased armed hostilities. With the return to sustained peace in Northern Uganda, the Government has moved towards expanding health, education, water services as well as initiating peace building, resettlement and reintegration programmes of conflict affected communities. Today, the region has made progress in the enhancement of capacities of local governments and improved human development outcomes. The economy of the region has recovered and is vibrant and rapidly growing; and the reconstruction of social infrastructure is progressing well. Since 2006, we have seen a surge in primary school enrolment— reaching 8.5 million by 2012/13—as well as numerous undertakings in the health sector, especially targeting maternal health. As the high levels of response to Northern Uganda Social Action Fund (NUSAF) and Karamoja Livelihoods Programme (KALIP) initiatives attested, communities in Northern Uganda now have high expectations for the Government to deliver on consolidating peace, security and post-conflict reconstruction – to enable households once again resume their economic activities. The Government of Uganda recognizes the challenges ahead, including those of providing economic opportunities to those affected by conflict. Curbing corruption, expanding social services, addressing local government capacity and dealing with youth unemployment remain top priorities for the Government. As the region attains nine years without conflict, the ambition of the National Resistance Movement (NRM) Government is to give hope to each and every person in Northern Uganda. Nine years after the end of the conflict, I am very pleased that the fifth National Human Development Report 2015 for Uganda focuses on Northern Uganda with the relevant theme of unlocking the development potential of this region. Without economic opportunities, investments in human development are unlikely to be sustainable. The focus on economic development is highly appropriate for post-conflict Northern Uganda given the previous focus on social service provision. With the country now engaged in a transition, for Northern Uganda, from recovery to development, human development can be an ideal framework for the development vision of Northern Uganda. I am confident that the preparation of the 2015 Northern Uganda National Human Development Report 2015 will help us evaluate different policy choices and design better conflict sensitive policies and programs. Government participated in the preparation of the 2015 Northern Uganda National Human Development Report because we believe in evidence-based policy making. Evidence provided in this report presents us with a benchmark against which progress in conflict affected areas can be measured in the future. Overall, we are confident that the conclusions and recommendations of this report will contribute to the multiplicity of debates for shaping the future of the region. Ruhakana Rugunda (Dr.) PRIME MINISTER REPUBLIC OF UGANDA 3 Uganda Human Development Report 2015: Unlocking the Development Potential of Northern Uganda Preface Northern Uganda has made steady progress towards development following decades of devastating civil conflict. Government of Uganda’s comprehensive Peace Recovery and Development Plan (PRDP) has helped in revitalizing the region’s socioeconomic transformation in an effort to enable it catch up with the rest of the country. Today, more children are attending school, the quality of infrastructure has significantly improved, and citizens are actively more engaged in economic activity. Overall, there is a renewed sense of optimism and drive to ensure shared prosperity for the region and its people. However, while the region has made substantial gains in development indicators manifested by an increase in the Human Development Index from 0.402 in 2005/06 to 0.431 in 2012/13, and the narrowing of the margin with the rest of the country, performance is still far below the national average of 0.463. The good message, as indicated in this report is that the region possesses enormous development potential that requires unlocking. In this report, which is the 8th edition since 1990, we will learn that the effort of government and development actors in unlocking the economic potential of the region will be judged, not only in terms of how much economic growth is attained, but whether this growth has led to substantial improvements in the well- being of the people, irrespective of social class and other identities. The theme builds on a lot of work and interventions that have been undertaken in the northern region, to put it on a sustainable path to recovery. The report examines across disciplines, the human development conditions in the PRDP region and proposes practical recommendations on how to move beyond recovery and secure sustainable human development. It calls for a change in the structure of the northern economy to transition from low value- added activities to higher value-added industrial activities to maximize gains from local economic activity and support generation of good jobs. According to the report, unlocking the development potential of the region requires a paradigm shift, to enhance human capabilities and enlarge people’s choices. Action in catalytic areas is needed – from investing in transformational infrastructure and sustainable food systems, to increasing productivity of smallholder farmers, advancing social justice, empowering and engaging youth and women productively and in decision making, in addition to building resilience to economic and climatic shocks. Developing the extractive sector is also identified as a potential key driver for economic growth and human development in this report. Maximizing the sector’s potential however, will require government and other stakeholders to prioritise benefits to the people, while ensuring that the environment is well-protected. In doing so, it is important to draw on global experiences and expertise on how to avoid the ‘resource curse’ that has been common in developing nations, but also emphasize locally grown initiatives to ensure optimal gains. UNDP, and the broader United Nations System in Uganda, is well-positioned to support government’s efforts in unlocking the region’s potential and capabilities. Northern Uganda has been, and will continue to remain a priority focus for our development interventions. The commencement of the third phase of PRDP, along with the second National Development Plan (NDPII), and Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development make this report particularly relevant and timely in informing development action and investment in Northern Uganda. 4 Uganda Human Development Report 2015: Unlocking the Development Potential of Northern Uganda It is my hope that this report will inform policy thinking and sustained dialogue on how to move Northern Uganda to a transformational development path to attain Vision2040. Finally, I wish to appreciate the team of researchers from the Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC) for successfully preparing this report. I also thank all the stakeholders who participated in the research and final validation of the report. Almaz Gebru UNDP Resident Representative, a.i. 5 Uganda Human Development Report 2015: Unlocking the Development Potential of Northern Uganda Acknowledgements The 2015 Uganda Human Development Report The report also benefited from discussions at (2015 UHDR) was prepared by the Economic Policy various fora including: The National Reconciliation Research Centre (EPRC) on behalf of the United Conference of March 2015 in Kampala, the Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The Northern Uganda Implementation Plan (2014- preparation process commenced in November 2015) on the Maternal and New-born Health (MNH) 2014 with the drafting of 9 background papers. Convergence Area in March 2015, the meeting The team of consultants led by Sarah Ssewanyana, that reviewed the United Nations Development the Executive Director of EPRC included Ibrahim Assistance Framework (UNDAF) Action Plan held Kasirye, EPRC, Madina Guloba, EPRC, Gemma in Moroto in April 2015, and the meeting on Youth Ahaibwe, EPRC, Joseph Mawejje, EPRC, Anita Ntale, Engagement and Empowerment (YEE) and Gender EPRC, Clarisse Goffard, EPRC, Brenda Bonabana, Regional Consultation in May 2015. Makerere University, Robert Senath Esuruku, The report also benefited from extensive International Alert, Julius Kiiza, Makerere University, reviews and guidance from Gleh Appleton, Frank Muherereza, Makerere Institute