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Ana Pérez-Del-Olmo

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Ana Pérez-Del-Olmo DEPARTAMENT DE ZOOLOGIA BIODIVERSITY AND STRUCTURE OF PARASITE COMMUNITIES IN BOOPS BOOPS (TELEOSTEI: SPARIDAE) FROM THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN AND OFF THE NORTH EAST ATLANTIC COASTS OF SPAIN ANA PÉREZ-DEL-OLMO UNIVERSITAT DE VALÈNCIA Servei de Publicacions 2008 Aquesta Tesi Doctoral va ser presentada a València el dia 25 d’abril de 2008 davant un tribunal format per: - D. Santiago Pascual del Hierro - D. Bernd Sures - Dª. Simonetta Mattiucci - D. Christian Gortázar - D. Juan Antonio Balbuena Díaz-Pinés Va ser dirigida per: D. Juan Antonio Raga Esteve Dª. Mª Mercedes Fernández Martínez Dª. Aneta Kostadinova ©Copyright: Servei de Publicacions Ana Pérez-del-Olmo Depòsit legal: I.S.B.N.: 978-84-370-7234-0 Edita: Universitat de València Servei de Publicacions C/ Artes Gráficas, 13 bajo 46010 València Spain Telèfon: 963864115 INSTITUT CAVANILLES DE BIODIVERSITAT I BIOLOGIA EVOLUTIVA Biodiversity and structure of parasite communities in Boops boops (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Western Mediterranean and off the North East Atlantic coasts of Spain Ana Pérez-del-Olmo TESIS DOCTORAL Directores: Juan Antonio Raga Esteve Valencia, Febrero 2008 Mª Mercedes Fernández Martínez Aneta Kostadinova INSTITUT CAVANILLES DE BIODIVERSITAT I BIOLOGIA EVOLUTIVA BIODIVERSITY AND STRUCTURE OF PARASITE COMMUNITIES IN BOOPS BOOPS (TELEOSTEI: SPARIDAE) FROM THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN AND OFF THE NORTH EAST ATLANTIC COASTS OF SPAIN TESIS DOCTORAL POR ANA PÉREZ-DEL-OLMO DIRECTORES JUAN ANTONIO RAGA ESTEVE Mª MERCEDES FERNÁNDEZ MARTÍNEZ ANETA KOSTADINOVA VALENCIA, FEBRERO DE 2008 JUAN ANTONIO RAGA ESTEVE, Profesor Titular del Departamento de Zoología de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universitat de Vàlencia, Mª MERCEDES FERNÁNDEZ MARTÍNEZ, Investigadora del programa ‘Ramón y Cajal’ en la Unidad de Zoología del Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversitat Biología Evolutiva de la Universitat de Vàlencia y ANETA KOSTADINOVA, Investigadora Senior de la Academia de Ciencias de Bulgaria e Investigadora postdoctoral ‘Marie Curie’ en la Unidad de Zoología Marina del Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversitat Biología Evolutiva de la Universitat de Vàlencia Certifican: que Ana Pérez-del-Olmo ha realizado bajo nuestra dirección, y con el mayor aprovechamiento, el trabajo de investigación recogido en esta memoria, y que lleva por título: ‘Biodiversity and structure of parasite communities in Boops boops (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Western Mediterranean and off the North East Atlantic coasts of Spain’, para optar al grado de Doctora en Ciencias Biológicas. Y para que así conste, en cumplimiento de la legislación vigente, expedimos el presente certificado en Paterna, a 26 de Febrero de 2008 Juan Antonio Raga Esteve Mª Mercedes Fernández Martínez Aneta Kostadinova A MIS AITAS, FELIPE Y Mª CARMEN Foto portada: José Rafael García-March AGRADECIMIENTOS AGRADECIMIENTOS En primer lugar, quiero agradecer a mi director de tesis, Toni Raga, el haberme brindado la oportunidad de colaborar en el departamento el verano de 2003 acercándome al mundo de los parásitos. Gracias por creer en mí y ofrecerme la posibilidad de realizar la tesis doctoral, pero sobre todo gracias por todo tu apoyo y enseñanzas. En segundo lugar, quisiera agradecer a Merche Fernández, mi codirectora, su paciencia con mis nervios, su cariño, ayuda y total disponibilidad (¡tanto de día como de noche!). A mi tercera codirectora, Aneta: Благодаря, thank you, gracias, eskerrik asko, todo esto se queda corto para agradecerte que desde el primer día hayas actuado como mi codirectora, ayudándome, protegiéndome; gracias además por ser ‘mi pseudoama’. Mi más sincero agradecimiento a Serge Morand, Robert Poulin y Bernd Sures por haberme brindado la oportunidad de trabajar con ellos. Gracias, por todos vuestros consejos y ayuda y gracias también por haberme hecho sentir como en casa. Agradezco a David I. Gibson la aclaración de dudas y aporte de información, a Jean-Paul Trilles la ayuda en la identificación de los isópodos, a John Barrett y Chris Arme las correcciones del inglés y a Víctor Vidal-Martínez las correcciones del resumen en castellano. Quisiera agradecer de todo corazón a los adorables Marisa y Víctor, a Carmucha (Pescados Rivas), a Francisco Rocha (Universidad de Vigo) y Ángel Guerra (IIM), a Iñaki Artetxe e Isabel González (AZTI), a Juan Crespo (Cofradía de Barbate), a Esteban (Acuario de Santa Pola), a Paco (Cofradía de Barcelona) y a Paco (Hermanos Narejo) el haber obtenido muestras de un pez tan difícil de conseguir. Gracias Javi por todos tus consejos científicos y conversaciones sobre ‘filosofía de la ciencia’. Gracias Chaty por haberme enseñado a enseñar, por estar siempre dispuesta a ayudar. Gracias Juan Antonio y Carmen por brindarme vuestra ayuda siempre que os la he pedido. Resulta escaso el espacio a la hora de dar las gracias a todos mis compañeros de laboratorio. Gracias a Paco (‘único’ e ‘irremplazable’) por ayudarme en cualquier momento, por sentarte conmigo en el microscopio, frente al ordenador, por ese pedazo de dibujo de contraportada…. Y, sobre todo, gracias por ser mi amigo. Gracias a los I colaboradores Bea, Dani, Oscar y Ricardo, y a las antiguas colaboradoras y ahora compañeras Gema y Neus por ayudarme a abrir bogitas. Gracias Tamara, porque sin tu ayuda no podría haber terminado esta tesis, ¡eres la mejor! Gracias a Ana Ahuir, Aigües, Astrid, Barbie, Canario, Celia, Euge, Isa Alonso, Isa Blasco, Javi B., Jesús, Mariajo, Mexicano, Marga, Patri, Sole, Søren y Viki por ser mis compañeros de fatigas, por ayudarme, por los cafés, por las veladas y sobre todo por estar tan pendiente de mí. Un especial agradecimiento para mi compañera de fatigas en estos tres meses, Dianita, gracias por seguir siendo tan dulce y prestarme toda tu ayuda. No quiero dejar de agradecer a Sara, Nek, Aintz, Arantxa, Brigitte, Garbi, Leire, Uxu, Luci, Miguel, Alex y a todos los demás amigos de Zumárraga, Pamplona, Madrid, Valencia, Ciudad Real, Dunedin y Montpellier el haber estado junto a mí en todo momento. ¡Gracias! Gracias aitas porque no sería quien soy si no fuera por vosotros; Gracias por estar a mi lado, por preocuparos tanto, por animarme, por aconsejarme….GRACIAS. Quiero agradecer también a mis tíos, primos y abuelos el haberme apoyado siempre. Por último, gracias David, gracias por ayudarme, por soportarme, por permanecer siempre a mi lado, gracias, gracias, gracias. Con las prisas y los nervios de última hora, estoy segura que me habré dejado a alguien, pero espero que me sepa disculpar. Este trabajo ha sido posible gracias a una beca FPU concedida por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia. II SUMMARY SUMMARY Parasites provide excellent opportunities for comparative analyses of patterns of community organisation at several hierarchical levels depending of the physical scale selected for the study. Although two lines of research, taxonomic initiated in the 18th Century and continuing, and parasite inventory studies carried out especially on Mediterranean fish, have provided an overall sound taxonomic and faunistic basis for the development of ecological studies on marine fish parasites, these are virtually lacking in the Mediterranean and NE Atlantic. The present study carried out a detailed assessment of the metazoan parasite fauna in Boops boops (L.) (Teleostei: Sparidae) along the Spanish coasts off the Western Mediterranean and North East Atlantic, which provided a large taxonomically consistent dataset comprising three levels of parasite community organisation (i.e. infracommunities, component communities and local faunas), and allowed questions regarding the structure of parasite communities in the model host-parasite system to be addressed. The model host was selected based on its non-migratory behaviour, wide distribution and abundant populations in both the Mediterranean and North East Atlantic. The intermediate trophic position and omnivorous diet of Boops boops would ensure the development of rich and diverse parasite communities and its site fidelity indicates that parasite communities would reflect the structure of local food webs and allow meaningful comparisons at a larger geographical scale. B. boops which hosts a relatively large number of metazoan parasites with different transmission strategies and its parasite fauna is relatively well studied in the Mediterranean, where large samples of fish have been investigated. Finally, the availability of fish samples collected before the Prestige oil-spill in November 2002 provided the unique opportunity to assess the changes in parasite communities in this host after the disturbance event. The following objectives were targeted in the study: 1. An exhaustive revision of the metazoan parasite fauna of B. boops from the Western Mediterranean and off the North East Atlantic coasts of Spain. Identification of the parasites on the basis of a detailed morphological and taxonomical study. Compilation of a complete checklist of parasites of B. boops throughout its distributional range. III 2. An evaluation of the effect of host size on the development of parasite communities in B. boops. Examination of the patterns of composition and structure of parasite communities along a gradient of fish sizes and identification of the underlying processes. 3. An assessment of the geographical and temporal variations in parasite community composition and structure. Test of the hypothesis of the decay of similarity between communities with distance using original, taxonomically consistent data at two nested spatial scales (parasite faunas and component communities).
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