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O Gênero Connarus L. (Connaraceae) Na Amazônia Brasileira

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O Gênero Connarus L. (Connaraceae) Na Amazônia Brasileira UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA CÁSSIO AUGUSTO PATROCINIO TOLEDO O GÊNERO CONNARUS L. (CONNARACEAE) NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA CAMPINAS 2017 CÁSSIO AUGUSTO PATROCINIO TOLEDO O GÊNERO CONNARUS L. (CONNARACEAE) NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do Título de Mestre em Biologia Vegetal. ESTE ARQUIVO DIGITAL CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA DISSERTAÇÃO DEFENDIDA PELO ALUNO CÁSSIO AUGUSTO PATROCÍNIO TOLEDO E ORIENTADA PELO DR. VINICIUS CASTRO SOUZA Orientador: DR. VINICIUS CASTRO SOUZA CAMPINAS 2017 Agência(s) de fomento e nº(s) de processo(s): CNPq, 130820/2015-6 Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Biologia Mara Janaina de Oliveira - CRB 8/6972 Toledo, Cássio Augusto Patrocinio, 1989- T575g TolO gênero Connarus L. (Connaraceae) na Amazônia brasileira / Cássio Augusto Patrocinio Toledo. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2017. TolOrientador: Vinicius Castro Souza. TolDissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia. Tol1. Plantas - Amazônia. 2. Conaráceas. 3. Taxonomia vegetal. I. Souza, Vinicius Castro. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia. III. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: The genus Connarus L. (Connaraceae) in the Brazilian Amazon Palavras-chave em inglês: Plants - Amazon, River, Region Connaraceae Plant taxonomy Área de concentração: Biologia Vegetal Titulação: Mestre em Biologia Vegetal Banca examinadora: Vinicius Castro Souza [Orientador] André Olmos Simões Rubens Luiz Gayoso Coelho Data de defesa: 02-03-2017 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Biologia Vegetal Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Campinas, 02 de março de 2017. COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA Prof. Dr. Vinicius Castro Souza Prof. Dr. André Olmos Simões Dr. Rubens Luiz Gayoso Coelho Os membros da Comissão Examinadora acima assinaram a Ata de Defesa, que se encontra no processo de vida acadêmica do aluno. Agradecimentos Dedico este trabalho à minha família, em especial minha mãe, Dona Maria, e à minha irmã, Christiane. Agradeço pelo incentivo, motivação e por sempre me apoiar durante toda esta fase da minha vida. Agradeço em especial, também, ao professor Vinicius Castro Souza, que além de orientador é também um grande exemplo de pessoa e profissional. Obrigado por todos os ensinamentos compartilhados desde a época de graduação. À Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) e ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Vegetal por me fornecer a oportunidade de estudar em uma grande universidade e por me proporcionar os meios para finalizar meu mestrado. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) pela bolsa de mestrado concedida. À Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” por toda infraestrutura fornecida ao longo do mestrado. A todos os membros que participaram desde minha qualificação, pré-branca e banca do mestrado: Dr. André Simões, Dr. Haroldo de Lima, Dr. João Semir, Dra. Maria Fernanda Calió e Dr. Rubens Coelho. Obrigado pelas contribuições ao trabalho. Ao professor Jefferson Prado por toda ajuda com questões de tipificação. A todos os colegas botânicos da ESALQ e UNICAMP que de certa forma estiveram presentes nesta jornada. Agradeço em especial aos colegas do Herbário ESA que fazem parte da minha vida acadêmica há um bom tempo: Alexandre, Daniele, Danilo, Gabriel, Juliana, Karinne, Livia, Marcelo Pinus, Marianna, Priscila e Thiago. A todos os funcionários da UNICAMP, em especial à Roseli, por sua disposição em ajudar os alunos. Aos curadores dos herbários que abriram as portas para que eu pudesse concluir meu mestrado. Aos meus grandes amigos da vida: Lucas Kumpady, Pedro Bumera, Rodrigo Bóbis, Rafael Piro, Sean e Tarcísio. Obrigado pela amizade compartilhada. Resumo O presente trabalho se refere ao estudo taxonômico das espécies de Connarus L. (Connaraceae) ocorrentes na Amazônia brasileira. Connaraceae, família a qual o gênero estudado pertence, possui cerca de 110-200 espécies que ocorrem principalmente em florestas tropicais de baixas altitudes da América do Sul e da África Central. A família é composta por plantas com hábito variado, incluindo árvores e lianas, que, economicamente, destacam-se por produzir compostos de interesse medicinal, tais como anti-inflamatórios e antioxidantes. Connarus é representado por cerca de 75 a 100 espécies, principalmente americanas e africanas, concentradas principalmente na região amazônica do Brasil. Esta área é considerada uma das maiores e mais diversas florestas tropicais do mundo, estendendo-se por uma área de 4.871.000 km2 (cerca de 50% do território brasileiro). O levantamento das espécies foi baseado em bibliografia específica para o gênero, análise dos materiais com coleções amazônicas e expedições de campo. O presente trabalho apontou a ocorrência de 16 espécies de Connarus na Amazônia brasileira: C. celatus, C. coriaceus, C. erianthus, C. fasciculatus, C. favosus, C. incomptus, C. lambertii, C. marlenei, C. martii, C. patrisii, C. perrottetii, C. punctatus, C. ruber, C. wurdackii, Connarus sp.1 e Connarus sp.2, estas duas últimas apontadas aqui como possíveis novidades taxonômicas. Dentre estas espécies, destacam-se por sua ocorrência mais ampla C. coriaceus, C. perrottetii, C. punctatus e C. ruber, ao passo que C. celatus, C. lambertii, C. martii, Connarus sp.1 e Connarus sp.2 apresentam coletas restritas. Além disso, foram aqui reconhecidos 20 sinônimos. É apresentado também neste trabalho chave de identificação para as espécies, descrições morfológicas, comentários taxonômicos, ilustrações e mapas de distribuição geográfica. Palavras-chave: Flora, Oxalidales, Região Amazônica, Taxonomia. Abstract This work refers to the taxonomic study of the species of Connarus L. (Connaraceae) that occur in the Brazilian Amazon Forest. Connaraceae, family which the genus belongs to, comprises about 110-200 species that occur mainly in tropical forests with low altitudes from South America and Central Africa. The family is composed of plants with many types of habit, including trees, shrubs and lianas, which, economically, stand out by producing medicinal compounds, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidants. Connarus is represented by about 75-100 species, mainly from America and Africa, although most of the richness is concentrated in the Brazilian Amazon Forest. This domain, area of study of this work, is considered as one of the lasgest and richest tropical forests of the world, comprising an area of 4.871.000 km2 (approximately 50% of the Brazilian territory). Therefore, the proposal of this study is justified by the high diversification of Connarus species in the Amazon Forest, as well as by the lack of data related to the botanical collections from this region. This study was carried out based on specific literature for the genus, analysis of material from Amazonian herbaria and field activities. This work pointed out the occurrence of 16 species of Connarus from Brazilian Amazon Forest: C. celatus, C. coriaceus, C. erianthus, C. fasciculatus, C. favosus, C. incomptus, C. lambertii, C. marlenei, C. martii, C. patrisii, C. perrottetii, C. punctatus, C. ruber, C. wurdackii, Connarus sp.1 e Connarus sp.2, where these last two are treated here as probable taxonomic novelties. Among these species, C. coriaceus, C. perrottetii, C. punctatus and C. ruber present a more wide distribution, while C. celatus, C. lambertii, C. martii, Connarus sp.1 and Connarus sp.2 occur in restricted areas. Furthermore, it is recognized here 20 synonyms. It is also presented here an identification key for the species, morphological descriptions, taxonomic comments, illustrations and maps of geographical distribution. Key-words: Amazonian region, Flora, Oxalidales, Taxonomy. Sumário 1. Introdução ................................................................................................................................. 11 1.1. Connaraceae R.Br. ................................................................................................................. 11 1.2. O gênero Connarus L............................................................................................................. 14 2. Objetivos ................................................................................................................................... 15 3. Material e métodos .................................................................................................................... 15 3.1. Área de estudo........................................................................................................................ 15 3.2. Análise dos materiais ............................................................................................................. 16 3.3. Expedições de coleta .............................................................................................................. 18 3.4. Tipificação ............................................................................................................................. 19 4. Resultados ................................................................................................................................. 19 4.1. Caracterização morfológica das espécies de Connarus L. da Amazônia brasileira .............. 19 4.1.1. Hábito .................................................................................................................................. 19 4.1.2. Indumento e tricomas
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