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Muscles of the Thorax, Back & Abdomen

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Muscles of the Thorax, Back & Abdomen MUSCLES OF THE THORAX, BACK & ABDOMEN Muscles of the Thorax Thoracic Muscles Origin Insertion Action Innervation M. pectoralis clavicula pars clavicularis major (medial ½ ) manubrium sterni et adduction, internal M. pectoralis pars crista tuberculi cartilagines costae rotation, arm flexion; major sternocostalis majoris (2nd-7th) auxiliary inspiratory m. M. pectoralis vagina musculi recti pars abdominalis major abdominis Plexus brachialis processus pulls the clavicle; M. pectoralis minor 3rd - 5th rib coracoideus auxiliary inspiration m scapulae pulls clavicule → clavicula indirectly the shoulder M. subclavius first rib (inferior surface) distoventrally; auxiliary inspiration m. pulls the clavicle from scapula the backbone; pulls M. serratus anterior cranial 9 ribs (margo medialis et inferior angle laterally → angulus inferior) rotates scapula; auxiliary respirat. m. Thoracic Muscles Origin Insertion Action Innervation inferior margin of ribs - superior margin of elevation of lower ribs, from the costal tubercle Mm. intercostales externi ribs immediately thorax expansion → to the beginning of rib below inspiratory m. cartilage inferior margin of adduction of cranial superior margin of ribs - Nn. Mm. intercostales interni ribs immediately ribs to caudal ribs → intercostales costal angle to sternum above expiratory m. internal surface of cartilagines costae M. transversus thoracis xiphoid process and expiratory muscle verae body of sternum inner surface of xiphoid Diaphragma sternal part process inner surface of Diaphragma costal part cartilage of ribs 7-12 main inspiratory Plexus central tendon muscle; abdominal ligamentum cervicalis lumbar part, press Diaphragma longitudinale anterius medial crus (vertebrae lumbales) ligaments jump over the lumbar part, Diaphragma psoas and quadratus lateral crus muscles Muscles of the Back Superficial muscles . functionally belong to the upper limb Intermediate muscles . active during respiration Deep muscles . true muscles of the back . originates at lower levels → ascend in staggered fashion and insert into higher levels . extends the vertebral column and head Heterochtonnous origin insertion action innervation muscles protuberantia occipitalis lateral ⅓ of adduction of shoulder, externa, septum nuchae, clavicle, acromion upper fibres elevates n. accessorius, M. trapezius processus spinosi C7 and and spina the scapula; the lower plexus cervicalis all thoracic vertebrae scapulae part pulls the scapula processus spinosi of caudal thoracic vertebrae, crista tuberculi adduction, extension, M. latissimus dorsi lumbar vertebrae, n. thoracodorsalis minoris medially rotation sacrum, crista iliaca and caudal ribs elevates scapula, processus transversi of angulus superior M. levator scapulae rotates scapula cranial cervical vertebrae scapulae medially Spinohumeral Spinohumeral n. dorsalis scapulae processus spinosus of M. rhomboideus margo medialis pulls the scapula caudal cerical and cranial minor et major scapulae medially and cranially thoracic vertebrae processus spinosus of elevates the ribs → M. serratus caudal cervical and cranial ribs auxilliary inspiratory posterior superior cranial thoracic vertebrae muscle nn. intercostales processus spinosus of M. serratus auxiliary expiratory caudal thoracic and caudal ribs Spinocostal Spinocostal posterior inferior muscle cranial lumbar vertebrae Autochtonnous muscles Origin Insertion Action Innervation M. longissimus dorsi et medial part cervicis bilateral - fill the space dorsiflexion, between processus unilateral - M. longissimus capitis spinosus et cranial base homolateral transversus lateroflexion Sacrospinal Sacrospinal M. iliocostalis lateral part DR of spinal nerves Mm. spinales thoracis et cervicis unilateral - are stretched between processus lateroflexion, Mm. interspinales cervicis spinosus of the thoracic and cervical bilateral - vertebrae dorsiflexion Spinospinal Spinospinal Mm. intertransversarii posteriores cervicis Autochtonnous Origin Insertion Action Innervation muscles M. semispinalis thoracis et cervicis are stretched from jump over 4-5 transversal to the spinous vertebrae bilateral - dorsiflexion, processes; is located along unilateral - homolateral M. semispinalis the whole spine with lateroflexion and capitis insertion on the cranial contralateral rotation base jump over 1-3 DR of spinal Transversospinal Transversospinal Mm. multifidi vertebrae nerves M. splenius capitis cranial base bilateral - dorsiflexion, runs from processus unilateral - spinosus to processus lateroflexion and transversus homolateral rotation cervical M. splenius cervicis vertebrae Spinotransversal Spinotransversal Mm. nuchae Origin Insertion Action Innervation profundi unilateral - homolateral M. rectus capitis tuberculum posterius linea nuchae inferior lateroflexion, bilateral - posterior minor atlantis dorsiflexion bilateral - dorsiflexion, M. rectus capitis processus spinosus linea nuchae inferior unilateral - homolateral posterior major axis lateroflexion and rotation suboccipital nerve bilateral - dorsiflexion, M. obliquus capitis processus transversi linea nuchae inferior unilateral - homolateral superior atlantis lateroflexion M. obliquus capitis processus spinosu processus transversi homolateral rotation inferior axis atlantis Muscles of the Abdomen Abdominal Origin Insertion Action Innervation muscles trunk anteflexion; xiphoid process and M. rectus abdominis tuberculum pubicum increase abdominal costal cartilages 5 - 7 press crista iliaca, ↑ abdominal press; M. obliquus ligamentum inquinale, bilateral - anteflexion, lower ribs externus abdominis vagina musculi recti unilateral - contralateral abdominis rotation auxiliary expiration m, ↑ fascia lower ribs et vagina abdominal press; M. obliquus internus thoracolumbalis, musculi recti bilateral - dorsiflexion, Nn. Intercostales abdominis crista iliaca, abdominis unilateral - homolateral ligamentum inquinale rotation auxiliary respiratory m, fascia M. transversus vagina musculi recti ↑ abdominal press; thoracolumbalis, abdominis abdominis unilateral - homolateral crista iliaca, lower ribs lateroflexion unilateral - homolateral M. quadratus The muscle is attached between last rib, iliac lateroflexion, bilateral - lumborum crest and lumbar vertebrae dorsiflexion of backbone Anterior abdominal wall . Muscles of abdominal wall are continue anteriorly and medially as strong sheet-like aponeuroses . Between the midclavicular line and the midline form the rectus sheath enclosing the rectus abdominis muscle . In midline aponeuroses interweave with their fellows of the opposite side forming a midline raphe = linea alba (extends from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis) . The deep surface of the transversus abdominis muscle and its aponeurosis is transversalis fascia Anterior abdominal wall . Approximately one third of the distance from the umbilicus to the pubic crest, the aponeuroses of the three flat muscles pass anterior to the rectus abdominis to form the anterior layer of the rectus sheath . Leaving only the relatively thin transversalis fascia to cover the rectus abdominis posteriorly . Arcuate line – demarcates the transition between the aponeurotic posterior wall of the sheath covering the superior three quarters of the rectus and the transversalis fascia covering the inferior quarter Inguinal canal . A passage through the lower anterior abdominal wall situated just above the medial half of the inguinal ligament . Extends in a downward and medial direction from the deep inguinal ring to the superficial inguinal ring . Deep inguinal ring . Opening of the evagination of the transversalis fascia at a point midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis → continues into the canal forming the innermost covering of the structures traversing the canal . Superficial inguinal ring . Triangular opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle .
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