DOCSLIB.ORG

EU Regulation on the Approval of L-Category Vehicles

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
EU Regulation on the Approval of L-Category Vehicles EU Regulation on the Approval of L-Category Vehicles Adrian Burrows International Vehicle Standards December 2013 Background REGULATION (EU) No 168/2013 on the approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles Entered into force: February 2013 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:060:0052:0128:EN:PDF 2 Wheels (L1e, L3e) Powered Cycles (L1e-A) Mopeds (L1e-B) Pedals Power up to 4kW Power up to 1000w (Electric or Max speed 45 km/h combustion) Power assist cuts off at speeds above 25 km/h Can also have 3 or 4 wheels Motorcycles (L3e) 3 sub categories L3e-A1 L3e-A2 L3e-A3 Power ≤11kW ≤35kW >35kW Power to ≤ 0,1 kW/kg ≤ 0,2 kW/kg - weight 3 Wheels (L2e, L5e) Mopeds (L2e) Mass in running order ≤ 270kg 1-2 seats Tricycles (L5e) Mass in running order ≤1000 kg Maximum 5 seats (2 for commercial trikes) 4 Wheels (L6e) Light quads • maximum design speed ≤ 45 km/h • mass in running order ≤ 425 kg • engine capacity ≤ 50 cm3 if a PI engine or engine capacity ≤ 500 cm3 if a CI engine • maximum of two seating positions Light Quad Light quadri-mobile (L6e-B) A Power ≤4 kW enclosed passenger compartment maximum power ≤ 6 kW BP- passenger BU- Goods 4 Wheels (L7e) Heavy on road quad (L7e-A) Power ≤15kW A1- maximum 2 straddle seats and handlebar steering A2 – maximum 2 non-straddle seats Heavy quadri-mobile (L7e-C) maximum power ≤ 15 kW and maximum design speed ≤ 90 km/h and enclosed passenger compartment CP - maximum four non-straddle seats CU - maximum two non-straddle seats and loading area criteria. 4 Wheels (L7e) Heavy all terrain quad (L7e-B) B1- maximum 2 straddle seats and handlebar steering maximum design speed ≤ 90 km/h and wheelbase to ground clearance ratio ≤ 6. B2 - maximum 3 non-straddle seats, maximum power ≤ 15 kW and wheelbase to ground clearance ratio ≤ 8. Out of Scope EAPC Electric assist, power ≤ Self balancing 250W (UK 200W) vehicles Pedals Power cuts of when speed exceeds 25 kph No seating position Maximum speed not exceeding 6 km/h vehicles equipped with any seating position of the driver or rider having an R-point height ≤ 540 mm in case of categories L1e, L3e and L4e Vehicles intended exclusively or ≤ 400 mm in case of for physically handicapped categories L2e, L5e, L6e and L7e. Environmental Measures Euro 4 January 2016 Test cycles: Mopeds and light quads: R47, Heavy quads and tricycles: R40 Motorcycle: WMTC (GTR 2) Euro 5* January 2020 Test Cycle: Revised WMTC Limits Broadly aligned with M1 Euro 6 * Subject to Environmental Effect Study CO2 & Fuel Consumption Obligation to report for first time: • CO2 • Fuel Consumption and/or electric energy consumption • Electric range Provide information at point of sale (but no Consumer info regs) Safety and Construction Vehicle functional safety requirements Front and Rear Protective structures Vehicle Structure Integrity Steer-ability AVAS permitted on electric vehicles Additional requirements for L7e-A2 Commission Study (TRL) Front, Side impacts? Pedestrian protection? Advanced assistance systems? Driver Licensing Vehicle Category Driving Licence Category Pre Driving Licence Category Min. Age 19/1/2013 post-19/1/2013 L7e Heavy Quadricycle B1 (3 or 4 wheel vehicles up to B1 (4 wheel vehicles up to 17 550 kg unladen) 550 kg unladen), or B (up to 3.5 tonnes Maximum Authorised Mass – MAM) L6e Light Quadricycyle B1 (3 or 4 wheel vehicles up to AM (up to 350 kg unladen), 16 for AM, 550 kg unladen) or 17 for B1 B1 (4 wheel vehicles up to 550 kg unladen) L5e (Powered Tricycle) B1 (3 or 4 wheel vehicles up to A1 or A 17 (B1 or 550 kg unladen), or B B (up to 3.5 tonnes Maximum now); Authorised Mass – MAM); 17, 21 or 24 (A1 or A post 2013) Driver Licensing Vehicle category Driving Licence Category Driving Licence Category Min. Age Pre 19/1/2013 post-19/1/2013 L1e Moped P AM 16 Q ≤50cc, ≤25 km/h L2e 3 Wheel Moped P AM 16 Q ≤50cc, ≤25 km/h L3e Motorcycle A1, A A1 ≤125cc, ≤11kW, ≤ 0.1 kW/kg 17 A2 ≤35kW, ≤ 0.2 kW/kg 19 A ≥35kW, ≥ 0.2kW/kg 24 Timing - Regulation Entry into Applies from New types Existing Last date of force obligatory2 types registration2 obligatory2 February 1 January 1 January 1 January 31 20131 2016 2016/17 & 203 2017/18 December 2020 1First approvals possible mid 2014 2These are the most common dates 3Euro 5 Obligatory from 2020 Thank You Addressing L-Category Barriers and Opportunities Liz Halsted Policy Manager, Transport for London London’s Road Network • There are around 28m transport trips in London every day. • Over 80% of all passenger journeys, including: • around 10m car trips; • 6.3m bus journeys; • 5m walking trips; • 0.5m cycling trips; • 0.3m taxi journeys; • 0.2m L-category movements? • nearly all freight movements; use the road network in London. TfL Planning Meeting London’s Challenges Mayor’s Climate Change Mayor’s Transport Mitigation and Energy Mayor’s Air Quality Strategy Strategy Strategy TfL Planning 3 Environmental policy objectives and purpose Reduce air Reduce pollutants CO2 from road emissions transport from road transport environmental objectives Stimulate Promote low sustainabl emission e travel vehicle market TfL Planning 4 Associated policies • Any London policy should be consistent with others in development: – Roads Task Force – Cycling Vision, including cycle safety – Walking – West End – Mayor’s 2020 Vision – Freight – Taxis – Tourist Bus Action Plan • Wider Air Quality issues will continue to be addressed through: – The Mayor’s Air Quality Strategy – Transport Emissions Action Plan; and – The Mayor’s Low Emission Vehicle Road Map • Other policy developers – Government – EU – Boroughs TfL Planning 5 TfL Policies to Reduce Emissions • Planning • Congestion Charging Zone • The Low Emission Zone • Reducing emissions from London’s bus fleet • Cleaning up London’s taxi and private hire vehicle fleet • Encouraging uptake of Electric Vehicles • Measures to smooth traffic flows • Promoting carbon efficient mode choice TfL Planning L-Category vehicles – definitions • United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) – “motor vehicle with less than 4 wheels” • EU: “Mopeds, Motorcycles, Motor Tricycles and Quadricycles” TfL Planning 7 TfL’s remit on L-category vehicles • Mayor’s Transport Strategy – Proposal 30 commits to allowing motorcycles to use bus lanes – Proposals 64 to 67 refer to road safety for all road users – Proposal 93, encourage the uptake of low emission vehicles • Managing TLRN and traffic congestion – smoothing traffic flow. Recent policy change to allow P2W in bus lanes has improved this, with added benefit of reducing emissions. • Support for low emission vehicles and associated infrastructure. • Support for improvement to P2W safety TfL Planning 8 Current Challenges and Barriers? • Safety • Lack of consistent knowledge, definition and standards at local, regional, national, and international levels • Lack of information, promotion and infrastructure to support L- category vehicles • How can we adequately count the number of L-category vehicles coming into and out of London? • Planning provision at local and regional levels is often silent for L-category vehicles • How much basic infrastructure is required, e.g. reliable parking and refuelling facilities TfL Planning 9 Difference in Emission Standards TfL Planning 10 Opportunities for Research • Regular surveys/counts • Further safety research • Gap analysis – what are the key issues and barriers to low emission L-category vehicles. – Incompatible technology for charging? – Not enough promotion? • Benchmarking exercise with national/ overseas experience? • Research into whether some freight journeys can be safely transferred onto L-category vehicles • Better information TfL Planning 11 Questions? www.tfl.gov.uk TfL Planning 12 Questions? [email protected] www.tfl.gov.uk TfL Planning 13 European Quadricycles League (EQUAL) United- Kingdom PRESENTATION OF EQUAL EQUAL is the European association of manufacturers of quadricycles. We Represent key quadricycle manufacturers who’s facilities are primarily based in France and Italy. The most well known are : AIXAM, MICROCAR, LIGIER, JDM Automobiles, CHATENET, CASALINI and BELLIER. The EQUAL’s aim is: •To promote and support ownership of quadricycles throughout Europe. •To represent the promotion and concerns of our industry partners and their independent quadricycle importers. EQUAL supports a network of consultants who’s main aim is to promote a mode of transportation which is unique but perfectly integrated in national as well as European legislation; vehicle licensing and safety requirements. CONTENTS 1.The quadricycle market: Key figures Drivers Needs of the urban population 2. Legislation: The Third Driving Licence Directive (n°2006/126/EC) Regulation n°168/2013 the approval of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles 3. Growth area for electric quadricycles: In the UK and Europe Research areas 4. Issues: European Euro Normes (Euro 5) THE QUADRICYCLE MARKET (1/2) Key figures: Automotive fleet (2012): 340 000 drivers Registration (2012): • In Europe: 17 262 • In the UK : 143 (until October 2013: 158) • In Italy: 2 351 • In France: 10 614 Drivers: Who are the 340 000 European quadricycle drivers (estimated figures 2012)? Market studies and practical observations show that there are two different kinds of quadricycle users: - An elderly population living in the countryside, with limited resources. This demographic counts for the majority of users. (over 90%); - A well-off, young and urban population. THE QUADRICYCLE MARKET (2/2) The needs of an urban population : Safe and Modern. Light quadricycles have many advantages that make them the urban vehicle of choice: • Small dimensions makes parking easier (narrow access) this can also prove useful when making light, multi drop deliveries; • Fuel efficient (approx 95mpg); • Low Co2 emissions reducing the environmental impact; • A reduced speed of 45 kph or 28 mph which is better adapted to urban driving; • Easy to operate CVT transmission; • A form of safe, entry level graduated driving which encourages better driver awareness.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A New Heavy-Duty Vehicle Visual Classification and Activity Estimation Method for Regional Mobile Source Emissions Modeling
    A NEW HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLE VISUAL CLASSIFICATION AND ACTIVITY ESTIMATION METHOD FOR REGIONAL MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS MODELING A Thesis Presented to The Academic Faculty by Seungju Yoon In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology August 2005 A NEW HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLE VISUAL CLASSIFICATION AND ACTIVITY ESTIMATION METHOD FOR REGIONAL MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS MODELING Approved: Dr. Michael O. Rodgers, Advisor Dr. Randall L. Guensler Dr. Michael D. Meyer Dr. Michael P. Hunter Dr. Jennifer H. Ogle July 15, 2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people sacrificed time and energy allowing me to complete this thesis. Thanks to all of you. Most of all, my wife Juhyun and my son Taehyuan deserve much credit for encouragement and patience throughout this process. Two other people deserve special acknowledgment in helping me finish my degree and dissertation. Drs. Michael O. Rodgers and Randall L. Guensler have allowed and encouraged me to finish this research and guided me to see the bigger and important issues. To family, advisors, and fellow students, you all assisted in large and small ways for which I will always be indebted. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................x
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Attitude and Lifestyle in Influencing Vehicle Type Choice
    UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title What type of vehicle do people drive? The role of attitude and lifestyle in influencing vehicle type choice Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tr3n41k Journal Transportation Research Part A-Policy and Practice, 38(3) ISSN 0965-8564 Authors Choo, S Mokhtarian, Patricia L Publication Date 2004-03-01 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California WHAT TYPE OF VEHICLE DO PEOPLE DRIVE? THE ROLE OF ATTITUDE AND LIFESTYLE IN INFLUENCING VEHICLE TYPE CHOICE Sangho Choo Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California, Davis Davis, CA 95616 voice: (530) 754-7421 fax: (530) 752-6572 e-mail: [email protected] and Patricia L. Mokhtarian Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute of Transportation Studies University of California, Davis Davis, CA 95616 voice: (530) 752-7062 fax: (530) 752-7872 e-mail: [email protected] Revised July 2003 Transportation Research Part A 38(3) , 2004, pp. 201-222 ABSTRACT Traditionally, economists and market r esearchers have been interested in identifying the factors that affect consumers’ car buying behaviors to estimate market share, and to that end they have developed various models o f vehicle type choice. However, they do not usually consider consumers’ tr avel attitudes, personality, lifestyle, and mobility as factors that may affect the vehicle type choice. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship of such factors to individuals’ vehicle type choices, and to develop a disaggregate choice mo del of vehicle type based on these factors as well as typical demographic variables .
    [Show full text]
  • Inspection and Test Procedures for Individual Vehicle Approval (IVA)
    Inspection and Test Procedures for Individual Vehicle Approval (IVA) Page 1 of 157 IVA rev.1 Table of Contents Page Page No. No. Foreword 3 29. Reversing lamps 78 Non-European and Other Acceptable 4 30. Parking lamps 78 Standards 1. Sound Levels 8 31. Seat belts and Restraint Systems 88 2. Emissions 9 32. Forward vision 91 3. Fuel tanks and rear protective devices 11 33. Identification of controls 92 4. Rear registration plate space 14 34. Defrost / Demist 95 5. Steering effort 15 35. Wash / wipe 96 6. Door latches and hinges 16 36. Heating systems 97 7. Audible warning 17 37. Wheel guards 101 8. Indirect Vision 18 38. Head restraints 104 9. Braking 28 39. CO2 emissions / fuel consumption 105 10. Suppression (radio) EMC 39 40. Engine power 106 11.Diesel smoke 40 41. Diesel emissions 107 12. Interior fittings 41 42. Lateral protection 108 13. Anti-theft and immobiliser 42 43. Spray-suppression systems 111 14. Protective steering 46 44. Masses and dimensions (cars) 120 15. Seat Strength 50 45. Safety glass 121 16. Exterior projections 53 46. Tyres 122 17. Speedometer and reverse gear 63 47. Speed limiters 125 18. Plates (statutory) 64 48. Masses and dimensions (other than vehicles 126 referred to in item 44) 19. Seat belt anchorages 65 49. External projections of cabs 132 20. Installation of lighting and light 78 50. Couplings 136 signalling devices 21. Retro reflectors 78 51. Flammability 139 22. End-outline, front-position (side), rear- 78 52. Buses and coaches 140 position (side), stop, side marker, daytime running lamps 23.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Use of FHWA Truck Traffic Volume and Weight Data to Support National Truck Freight Mobility Study
    ORNL/TM-2019/1385 FINAL TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM: Exploring the Use of FHWA Truck Traffic Volume and Weight Data to Support National Truck Freight Mobility Study Ho-Ling Hwang, Ph.D. Hyeonsup Lim, Ph.D. Shih-Miao Chin, Ph.D. Chieh (Ross) Wang, Ph.D. Brennan Wilson Approved for public release; October 2019 distribution is unlimited. DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY Reports produced after January 1, 1996, are generally available free via US Department of Energy (DOE) SciTech Connect. Website www.osti.gov Reports produced before January 1, 1996, may be purchased by members of the public from the following source: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Telephone 703-605-6000 (1-800-553-6847) TDD 703-487-4639 Fax 703-605-6900 E-mail [email protected] Website http://classic.ntis.gov/ Reports are available to DOE employees, DOE contractors, Energy Technology Data Exchange representatives, and International Nuclear Information System representatives from the following source: Office of Scientific and Technical Information PO Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Telephone 865-576-8401 Fax 865-576-5728 E-mail [email protected] Website http://www.osti.gov/contact.html This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes to Driving Licence Rules in Great Britain from 19 January 2013 D844/1
    Changes to Driving Licence rules in Great Britain from 19 January 2013 D844/1 The overview section summarises the changes. More detail about how they affect existing drivers/riders and those intending to become drivers/riders on or after 19 January 2013 can be found in the Fact Sheets attached. Please note that most drivers may be affected by more than one rule change, so please read the full overview section to determine which Fact Sheets could affect you. The Fact Sheets cover: n Fact Sheet 1: Motorcycles, mopeds and tricycles n Fact Sheet 2: Vehicles that can be driven and the age restrictions for driving n Fact Sheet 3: Drivers of buses and lorries (medium and large goods and passenger carrying vehicles) – new driving licence validity periods n Fact Sheet 4: The new driving licence card design explained n Fact Sheet 5: Trailer restrictions for car and small vehicle drivers. For further information go to www.gov.uk/newlicencerules 12/12 1 Changes to Driving Licence rules in Great Britain Overview of changes Driving licence rules in Great Britain come from European laws – European second Directive on driving licences (91/439/EEC). From 19 January 2013 a new Directive – the third European Directive on driving licences (EU3D) (2006/126/EC) – will come into force. This will change driving licence rules in Great Britain. It will introduce a single driving licence model across Europe, and common rules about the design of the licence card itself and the period for which it is valid. This will: n stop citizens, police forces and those responsible for the issuing of driving licences becoming confused by conflicting rules in different countries, and n should help prevent criminals producing fraudulent driving licences.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact Assessment
    EN 558340 DT Two- or Three-wheel vehicles and Quadricycles Impact Assessment EN EN EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 4.10.2010 SEC(2010) 1152 COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Accompanying document to the Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles Impact Assessment This report commits only the Commission departments involved in its preparation and does not prejudge the final form of any decision to be taken by the Commission. Lead DG: DG Enterprise and Industry Commission Work Programme 2010 Commission’s Agenda Planning: 2010/ENTR/02 {COM(2010) 542 final} {SEC(2010) 1151} EN EN TABLE OF CONTENTS Background information and policy context.................................................................................................................. 6 1. Procedural issues and consultation of interested parties ............................................................................................. 7 1.1. Organisation and timing................................................................................................................................................ 7 1.2. Public consultation........................................................................................................................................................ 7 1.3. External expertise ........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Category B Driving Licence Van
    Category B Driving Licence Van Elwin still insalivated deprecatingly while Trojan Bradley biffs that treat. Closed Madison usually metallized some emotionalisesdemigods or demilitarizes quite exactly covetously. but plopped Molecular her Jugoslavian Bertrand saleably. still curtail: abounding and unnecessary Thorndike Go out at your licence categories will encourage the national licences. Following guide you can i need to get into four weeks from requiring a category b driving licence van. This category driving licences and drive from commercial vehicle adaptations that a hearing. As category driving licence was abandoned because it. Is dangerous because the categories mean. It gets in england and poor posture when you? Can drive more appealing to driving a van. Whether you can ride one category licence categories? Fancy the driving licence category b driving are not. The categories you go back of licences issued in all. All licence category driving licences, vans combined with charitable status and drive? This post and van itself, it is at this? This back of a van you are the category b driving licence van on your driver, includeing theri loads will need a luton vans you should not be a loan or passenger trailers. You need to categories do if the van as well, the agreement on the vehicle licensing authorities may tow a chauffeur service. Uk to develop their door of commercial vehicles may have noticed that have not driving licence codes are the back of the man? Cdl class b licences and van or send it is a passport type of emissions and always check the pedals by individuals or destroyed driving? Thatcham is driving.
    [Show full text]
  • Vehicle Category
    VICTORY California Environmental Protection Agency Executive Order: MOTORCYCLE M-036-0018-2 AIR RESOURCES BOARD DIVISION, POLARIS New On-Road Motorcycles/Engines INDUSTRIES, INC. Page 1 of 3 Pursuant to the authority vested in the Air Resources Board by the Health and Safety Code, Division 26, Part 5, Chapter 1 and 2; and pursuant to the authority vested in the undersigned by Health and Safety Code Sections 39515 and 39516 and Executive Order G-02-003; IT IS ORDERED AND RESOLVED: That the engine and emission control systems produced by the manufacturer are certified as described below for on road motorcycles. Production vehicles shall be in all material respects the same as those for which certification is granted. The manufacturer shall ensure that character "C" or "3" is not used in the eighth (8th) position of the vehicle identification number (VIN) of all vehicles in the engine family listed below. Violation of this VIN provision may result in incorrect registration of the vehicles Model Year Engine Family Vehicle Category Fuel Type(s) Strokes per cycle 2012 CVMCC1.734ME HMC-III GAS Special Features & Emission Control Systems (ECS) Engine(cc) 1) 2TWC, 202S, SFI; (II) 2TWC, TWC, 202S, SFI; 173 The following are the exhaust hydrocarbon plus oxides of nitrogen (HC+NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) standards, or designated or HC+NOx standard as applicable, and certification levels in grams per kilometer (g/km), and evaporative standard and certification level in grams per test (g/test) for this engine/evaporative family. The designated or HC+NOx standard, as applicable, shall be listed on the permanent tune-up label.
    [Show full text]
  • EVALUATING SPEED DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PASSENGER VEHICLES and HEAVY TRUCKS for TRANSPORTATION- RELATED EMISSION MODELING Shauna L
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital Repository @ Iowa State University InTrans Project Reports Institute for Transportation 7-2004 EVALUATING SPEED DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PASSENGER VEHICLES AND HEAVY TRUCKS FOR TRANSPORTATION- RELATED EMISSION MODELING Shauna L. Hallmark Iowa State University, [email protected] Hillary Isebrands Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/intrans_reports Part of the Civil Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Hallmark, Shauna L. and Isebrands, Hillary, "EVALUATING SPEED DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PASSENGER VEHICLES AND HEAVY TRUCKS FOR TRANSPORTATION-RELATED EMISSION MODELING" (2004). InTrans Project Reports. 148. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/intrans_reports/148 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Institute for Transportation at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in InTrans Project Reports by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EVALUATING SPEED DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PASSENGER VEHICLES AND HEAVY TRUCKS FOR TRANSPORTATION- RELATED EMISSION MODELING Abstract Heavy vehicles emit emissions at different rates than passenger vehicles. They am y behave differently on the road as well, yet they are often treated similarly to passenger vehicles in emissions modeling. Although not frequently considered in calculating emission rates, differences in the operating speeds of passenger vehicles and heavy trucks may influence emissions. The ainm goal of this research project was to evaluate whether heavy trucks typically travel at significantly different operating speeds than passenger vehicles and what impact differences in on-road speeds would have on emissions.
    [Show full text]
  • Characteristics and Emissions of Heavy-Duty Vehicles in Tennessee Under the MOBILE6 Model
    Transportation Research Record 1842 I 99 Paper No. 03-3953 Characteristics and Emissions of Heavy-Duty Vehicles in Tennessee Under the MOBILE6 Model Terry L. Miller, Wayne T. Davis, Gregory D. Reed, Prakash Doraiswamy, and Joshua S. Fu Heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) classifications used for modeling emissions vehicles (HDGVs) and heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs). With in the MOBILE6 model have been expanded from 2 classifications in MOBILE6, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has MOBILE5 to 16 classifications in MOBILE6. The new classifications are provided for much more sensitivity in modeling mobile-source emis- based on vehicle weight and fuel used (i.e., gasoline or diesel). The sions by expanding the number of vehicle types to 28—of which heavier vehicles have higher emissions, so it is important to use cor- 19 are HDV types. The HDVs include eight classes of HDGVs, eight rect vehicle weight distributions. Tennessee’s HDV registration data classes of HDDVs, and three classes of buses (gasoline and diesel). show a distribution very similar to the national defaults, but with Table 1 lists the class designations and definitions. more vehicles in the heaviest weight category (HDV8B). More than The bases for distinguishing different vehicles are the body type, 50% of Tennessee’s HDVs fall in the lightest vehicle category fuel used, and the gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) based on the (HDV2B). The biggest difference in truck characteristics in Tennessee manufacturer’s specifications. GVWR is the maximum recommended versus national defaults in MOBILE6 is the higher HDV fraction on loaded-vehicle weight, including passengers and cargo.
    [Show full text]
  • NOTIFICATIONS UNDER the MOTOR VEHICLES ACT (Issued by the Central Government) Under Section 41(4) Specification of Types of Motor Vehicles
    NOTIFICATIONS UNDER THE MOTOR VEHICLES ACT (Issued by the Central Government) Under Section 41(4) Specification of Types of Motor Vehicles S.O.1248(E),dated 5-11-2004. – In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (4) of section 41 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (59 of 1988) and in supersession of the notification of the Government of India in the erstwhile Ministry of Surface Transport No. S.O. 451(E), dated the 19th June, 1992, the Central Government hereby specifies the types of motor vehicles as mentioned in column 1 and 2 of the Table below for the purposes of said sub-section (4); - Transport Vehicles Non-Transport Vehicles (1) (2) (i)Motor cycle with side car for carrying goods (i)Motor cycle with or without side car for personal use. (ii)Motor cycle with trailer to carry goods (ii)Mopeds and motorized cycle (Engine capacity exceeding 25cc). (iii)Motor cycle used for hire to carry one (iii)Invalid carriage. passenger on pillion and motorized cycle- rickshaw for goods or passengers on hire (iv)Luxury cabs. (iv)Three-wheeled vehicles for personal use. (v) Three wheeled vehicles for transport of (v)Motor car. passenger/goods. (vi)Goods carrier trucks or tankers or mail (vi)Fork lift. carriers (N1-N3 category). (vii)Power tillers and Tractors using public (vii)Vehicles or trailers fitted with equipment‟s roads. like rig, generator, and compressor. (viii)Mobile clinic or X-ray van or Library (viii)Crane mounted vehicles. vans (ix)Mobile workshops. (ix)Agricultural Tractors and power Tillers. (x)Mobile canteens.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Driving Licences
    A guide to driving licences Contents Driving a Motor Vehicle ................................................................................................................................ 2 Your driving licence explained .................................................................................................................. 2 Driving licence validity periods ................................................................................................................. 6 Obtaining a driving licence ........................................................................................................................ 6 Your fitness to drive .................................................................................................................................. 7 Learning to drive ....................................................................................................................................... 7 If you have recently passed a car or a motorcycle test ............................................................................ 8 Driving Offences ........................................................................................................................................ 8 Disqualification from driving ..................................................................................................................... 9 Renew your driving licence ..................................................................................................................... 10 Replace your driving
    [Show full text]