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Desenvolvimento De Metodologia Para Avaliação De Ambientes Urbanos GERTRUDESLUZ DESENVOLVIMENTO DE METODOLOGIA PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE AMBIENTES URBANOS Dissertação apresentada como requisito à obtenção do grau de Mestre. Curso de Pós- Graduação em Engenharia Civil, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Orientador: Prof. Roberto de Oliveira. FLORIANÓPOLIS 1997 DESENVOLVIMENTO DE METODOLOGIA PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE AMBIENTES URBANOS GERTRUDES LUZ Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Engenharia Civil. Área de concentração: Cadastro Técnico Multiflnalitário. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Roberto de Oliveira. Florianópolis 1997 iii A Maria e Osvaldo (.in memorium). Verdadeiros mestres... transmissores de conhecimento e formadores de caráter. “Paradoxalmente, a cidade morre não por destruição ou asfixia, mas pela superposição de modelos de cidades ideais, realizados incondicionalmente, eliminando-se todas as hipóteses. Morre como metáfora cultural, e torna-se o lixo da cidade ideal”. Jean Baublrillard AGRADECIMENTOS À Coordenadoria do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil da UFSC, nas figuras da secretária Irizete Odete Meneses e da Daniela Fernanda Pereira. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), pela bolsa de estudos. Ao Prof. Roberto de Oliveira, pela paciência em conduzir a orientação deste trabalho. Aos Prof. Carlos Loch e Prof. Sérgio Scheer, pela apreciação e contribuições dadas. Aos amigos Roberto César Felber Stosick e Adriana Vicelli Ozelame, pelo permanente incentivo e palavras de encorajamento. Aos colegas de mestrado Francisco Henrique de Oliveira e Giane Petry, pelo auxílio na aplicação do questionário. Aos amigos Mário Sérgio Wolski, Silvia Raquel Scherer, Cezário de Oliveira Lima Junior, Simone Sayuri Sato e Simone da Silva, sempre presentes, pela amizade, leitura prévia deste trabalho e pelo material bibliográfico. vi SUMÁRIO LISTA DE FIGURAS...........................................................................................................x LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS E SIGLAS xii RESUMO............................................................................................................................ xiv ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................... xv 1 INTRODUÇÃO................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Considerações iniciais.................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objetivos.......................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 Objetivo geral............................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 Objetivos específicos...................................................................................................2 1.3 Justificativas.....................................................................................................................4 1.4 Estrutura da dissertação................................................................................................6 2 REVISÃO DE LITERATURA 8 2.1 Desempenho evolutivo dos assentamentos.................................................................8 2.2 Cidades no Brasil..........................................................................................................18 2.3 Definindo a cidade....................................................................................................... 24 2.4 Planejamento Físico-Territorial e Cadastro Técnico Multifinalitário............... 30 2.4.1 Cadastro Técnico........................................................................................... .............31 2.4.1.1 Breve história do Cadastro......................................................................................31 2.4.1.2 Definição de Cadastro............................................... ..... ....................................34 2.4.1.3 Tipos de Cadastro....................................................................................................37 2.4.2 Planejamento Físico-Territorial...................................................................................38 2.4.3 Ligação entre Cadastro Técnico e Planejamento Urbano.........................................41 2.5 Satisfação do usuário e o ambiente construído.......................................................42 2.6 Sobre pesquisas em ambiente e comportamento....................................................50 2.7 Medida do desempenho............................................... ...............................................56 2.8 Estruturação das dimensões e atributos do ambiente construído.......................60 2.9 Fatores Críticos de Sucesso........................................................................................ 62 2.10 Escala de valores........................................................................................................ 64 3 ÁREA EM ESTUDO...................................................................................................... 70 3.1 Localização geográfica da área era estudo..............................................................71 3.2 Evolução histórica.........................................................................................................71 3.2.1 Características gerais da evolução histórica e da ocupação humana da Ilha de Santa Catarina.......................................................................................................................... 71 3.3 Aspectos geológicos, geomorfológicos e climatológicos da Ilha de Santa Catarina........................................................................................................................79 3.3.1 Geologia e Geomorfologia......................................................................................... 79 3.3.2 Climatologia..................................................................................................................81 3.4 Considerações gerais sobre a ocupação atual da área em estudo..................... .82 4 METODOLOGIA............................................................................................................85 4.1 Introdução......................................................................................................................85 4.2 Estruturação das dimensões e atributos para o ambiente urbano......................87 4.2.1 Dimensão Abrigo.........................................................................................................88 4.2.2 Dimensão Acesso.........................................................................................................88 4.2.3 Dimensão Ocupação.................................................................................................... 89 4.2.4 Atributo Simbólico ..... ................................................................................................ 90 4.2.5 Atributo Ambiental...................................................................................................... 92 4.2.6 Atributo Humano.........................................................................................................94 4.2.7 Atributo Técnico..........................................................................................................95 4.2.8 Atributo Econômico.................................................................................................... 96 4.3 Matriz de avaliação...................................................................................................... 97 4.4 Questionário preliminar de pesquisa....................................................................... 98 4.4.1 Conteúdo do questionário preliminar...................................................................... 101 4.5 Questionário de pesquisa.......................................................................................... 106 4.5.1 Hipóteses de pesquisa................................................................................................106 4.5 .2 Considerações sobre a amostra e a aplicação do questionário de pesquisa..........106 4.6 Cálculo do Grau de Satisfação Relativa (GSR)....................................................107 4.6.1 Exemplo de cálculo do GSR para um morador ..................................................... 109 4.6.2 Interpretação do GSR......................................................................................... 117 4.7 FCS para o ambiente urbano..................................................................................118 4.8 Cálculo do índice de Satisfação do Ambiente Urbano (ISAU) ....... ...................119 4.8.1 Interpretação do ISAU..............................................................................................121 5 RESULTADOS E ANALISES....................................................................................123 5.1 Dados sócio-econômicos resultantes da aplicação do questionário adotado para a pesquisa....................................................................................................................123 5.2 Quanto às hipóteses de pesquisa............................................................................. 126 5.2.1 - Ia Hipótese: As pessoas geraimente
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