DOCSLIB.ORG

A Study of the Influence of the Naturalistic Philosophies in the Development of Political Science in America

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Study of the Influence of the Naturalistic Philosophies in the Development of Political Science in America Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-1978 A Study of the Influence of the Naturalistic Philosophies in the Development of Political Science in America James Michael Graham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Graham, James Michael, "A Study of the Influence of the Naturalistic Philosophies in the Development of Political Science in America" (1978). Master's Theses. 2091. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/2091 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE NATURALISTIC PHILOSOPHIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE IN AMERICA by James Michael Graham A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Master of Arts Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 1978 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In writing this thesis I have benefited from the encourage­ ment and advice of Professors William A. Ritchie, Alan C. Isaak, and Lawrence Z iring. My ap p reciatio n goes to them as w ell as to the entire faculty of the Department of Political Science. I also wish to express my recognition of the value of the University as a whole for it has provided me with the training, resources, and environment whereby scholarship could be developed. James Michael Graham i i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, M ichigan 48106 USA St. John’s Road, Tyler's Green High Wycombe, Bucks, England HP10 8HR Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. I MASTERS THESIS 13-11,981 GRAHAM, Janies Michael A STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE NATURALISTIC PHILOSOPHIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE IN AMERICA. Western Michigan University, M.A., 1978 Political Science, general University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Michigan48ioe Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... i i Chapter I. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 I I . POLITICAL SCIENCE IN AMERICA: THE EARLY YEARS: 1790-1900 . 8 Pre-Civil War Political Inquiry ................................................... 8 German Influences in American Political Science .... 9 I I I . AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE IN THE PROGRESSIVE ERA . 12 The Establishment of a Professional Association .... 12 The Progressive Era and American Pragmatism: The R e a l i s t s ............................................................................................... 15 IV. THE NEW INFLUENCE OF NATURALISTIC PHILOSOPHIES ......................... 22 Positivism vs. Historicism.......................................................... 22 Early Designs for a Scientific Political Science: Behavioralism ................................................................................. 27 V. THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMPIRICAL DEMOCRATIC THEORY ......................... 33 Democracy as an Economic System: Joseph Shumpeter . 33 VI. POSTWAR POLITICAL SCIENCE ...................................................................... 37 The Desire for Causal Theories ........................................................ 37 The Argument for an E xclusively S c ie n tific P o litic a l S c i e n c e ............................................................................................... 40 The Effects of Scientific Aspirations on Key Profes­ sional Institutions .......................................................................... 42 V II. THE RISE OF BEHAVIORALISM WITHIN THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION: 1950-1970 ............................................................ 47 Behavioralism Becomes a Major Approach ...................................... 47 Harold Laswell ............................................................................................. 48 From Pragmatism to P o sitiv ism ................................................. 52 V III. POSITIVISTIC PRESIDENTS ........................................................................... 56 Robert D ah l .......................................................................................... 56 David Easton.......................................................................................... 58 IX. THOMAS KUHN: THE KUHNIAN APPRAISAL OF SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES............................................................................................... 67 The Kuhnian Paradigm ............................................................................... 67 Paradigms and a Scientific Political Science ........................ 73 i i i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Chapter David Truman................................................................................................. 76 G abriel Almond ............................................................................................. 80 X. CONCLUSIONS.................................................................................................... 85 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................ 87 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION It has generally been deemed appropriate to examine the devel­ opment of the methods of political inquiry as practiced in America. Part of the reason for these examinations is that there remains no general agreement on the nature and significance of the varieties of approaches present in contemporary political science. The causes of this disparity appear to be fourfold. First, there has been a neglect in identifying what environmental, insti­ tutional, and intellectual factors were influential in the develop­ ment of various approaches to political study. The second puzzle, which is related to the first, is the inability to arrive at a com­ mon evaluation of past social thought and how it, combined with philosophical traditions, influenced the study of politics. A number of histories of the discipline have been made for a variety of reasons. See: Anna Haddow, Political Science in American Colleges and Universities 1636-1900 (New York: D. Appleton-Century Co., 1939); Charles Merriam, New Aspects of Politics (Chicago: Uni­ versity of Chicago Press, 1925); Dwight Waldo, Political Science in the United States of America (Paris: UNESCO, 1956); Bernard Crick, The American Science of Politics, 2nd ed. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964); Francis J. Sorauf, Political Science: An Informal Overview (Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill, 1965); Albert Somit and Joseph Tanenhaus, The Development of American Political Science: From Burgess to Behavioralism (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1967); Marian D. I ris h , e d ., P o litic a l Science: Advance of the D is­ cipline (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hizzoner Big Bill Thompson : an Idyll of Chicago
    2 LI E> HAHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS B T478b cop. I . H . S . Hizzoner Big Bill Thompson JONATHAN CAPE AND HARRISON SMITH, INCORPORATED, 139 EAST 46TH STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. AND 77 WELLINGTON STREET, WEST, TORONTO, CANADA; JONATHAN CAPE, LTD. 30 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, W. C. 1, ENGLAND Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/hizzonerbigbilltOObrig ->-^ BIG BILL THOMPSON (CARICATURE BY CARRENO) BY JOHN BRIGHT Introduction by Harry Elmer Barnes Hizzoner Big Bill Thompson An Idyll of Chicago NEW YORK JONATHAN CAPE & HARRISON SMITH COPYRIGHT, 1930, BY JOHN BRIGHT FIRST PUBLISHED 1930 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY J. J. LITTLE & IVES CO. AND BOUND BY THE J. F. TAPLEY CO. — r TH i This Book Is Respectfully Dedicated to MR. WALTER LIPPMANN ". Here and there some have found a way of life in this new world. They have put away vain hopes, have ceased to ask guaranties and are yet serene. But they are only a handful. They do the enduring work of the world, for work like theirs, done with no ulterior bias and for its own sake, is work done in truth, in beauty, and in goodness. There is not much of it, and it does not greatly occupy the attention of mankind. Its excellence is quiet. But it persists through all the spectacular commotions. And long after, it is all that men care much to remember." American Inquisitors. BIG BILL THE BUILDER A Campaign Ditty Scanning his fry's pages, we find names we love so well, Heroes of the ages—of their deeds we love to tell, But right beside them soon there'll be a name Of someone we all acclaim.
    [Show full text]
  • Reviewer Fatigue? Why Scholars PS Decline to Review Their Peers’ Work
    AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION Reviewer Fatigue? Why Scholars PS Decline to Review Their Peers’ Work | Marijke Breuning, Jeremy Backstrom, Jeremy Brannon, Benjamin Isaak Gross, Announcing Science & Politics Political Michael Widmeier Why, and How, to Bridge the “Gap” Before Tenure: Peer-Reviewed Research May Not Be the Only Strategic Move as a Graduate Student or Young Scholar Mariano E. Bertucci Partisan Politics and Congressional Election Prospects: Political Science & Politics Evidence from the Iowa Electronic Markets Depression PSOCTOBER 2015, VOLUME 48, NUMBER 4 Joyce E. Berg, Christopher E. Peneny, and Thomas A. Rietz dep1 dep2 dep3 dep4 dep5 dep6 H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 Bayesian Analysis Trace Histogram −.002 500 −.004 400 −.006 300 −.008 200 100 −.01 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 0 Iteration number −.01 −.008 −.006 −.004 −.002 Autocorrelation Density 0.80 500 all 0.60 1−half 400 2−half 0.40 300 0.20 200 0.00 100 0 10 20 30 40 0 Lag −.01 −.008 −.006 −.004 −.002 Here are some of the new features: » Bayesian analysis » IRT (item response theory) » Multilevel models for survey data » Panel-data survival models » Markov-switching models » SEM: survey data, Satorra–Bentler, survival models » Regression models for fractional data » Censored Poisson regression » Endogenous treatment effects » Unicode stata.com/psp-14 Stata is a registered trademark of StataCorp LP, 4905 Lakeway Drive, College Station, TX 77845, USA. OCTOBER 2015 Cambridge Journals Online For further information about this journal please go to the journal website at: journals.cambridge.org/psc APSA Task Force Reports AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION Let’s Be Heard! How to Better Communicate Political Science’s Public Value The APSA task force reports seek John H.
    [Show full text]
  • Woodrow Wilson Library
    WILSON LIBRARY FINDING AID Last updated on November 17, 2010 Only includes monographs. Other materials are cataloged and located separately. I/1 Harley, John Eugene. Selected documents and material for the study of international law and relations, with introductory chapters, special emphasis given international organization and international peace. Los Angeles: Times-Mirror Press, 1923. Inscribed to Wilson by author. I/1. Haldane, Richard Burdon, 1st viscount. Higher nationality: a study in law and ethics. An address delivered before the American Bar Association and Montreal on 1st September, 1913. London: John Murray, 1913. I/1. Ewing, Elbert William Robinson. Legal and historical status of the Dred Scott decision… Washington, D.C.: Cobden Publishing Co., 1909. I/1. Holmes, Oliver Wendell. The common law. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1881. Signed by Wilson on title page inside cover above attached photo of author. I/1. Holland, Sir Thomas Erskine. The elements of jurisprudence. New York: Oxford University Press, 1900. I/1. Holst, Hermann Eduard von. The constitutional law of the United States of America. Translated by Alfred Bishop Mason. Chicago: Callaghan & Co., 1887. Signed by Wilson. I/1. Donisthorpe, Wordsworth. Law in a free state. London and New York: Macmillan and Co., 1895. Signed by Wilson on title page. I/1. Greenidge, Abel Hendy Jones. A handbook of Greek constitutional history. Colored map of cosmopolitan Greece, ca. 430 B.C. London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1896. Signed by Wilson on inside cover and title page. I/1. Brunner, Heinrich. The sources of the law in England. An historical introduction to the study of English law.
    [Show full text]
  • Biography of Harold Dwight Lasswell
    NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES H A R O L D D W I G H T L ASS W ELL 1902—1978 A Biographical Memoir by GA BRIEL A. ALMOND Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1987 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON D.C. HAROLD DWIGHT LASSWELL February 13, 1902-December 18, 1978 BY GABRIEL A. ALMOND AROLD D. LASSWELL ranks among the half dozen cre- Hative innovators in the social sciences in the twentieth century. Few would question that he was the most original and productive political scientist of his time. While still in his twenties and early thirties, he planned and carried out a re- search program demonstrating the importance of personal- ity, social structure, and culture in the explanation of political phenomena. In the course of that work he employed an array of methodologies that included clinical and other kinds of interviewing, content analysis, para-experimental tech- niques, and statistical measurement. It is noteworthy that two decades were to elapse before this kind of research program and methodology became the common property of a disci- pline that until then had been dominated by historical, legal, and philosophical methods. Lasswell was born in 1902 in Donnellson, Illinois (popu- lation ca. 300). His father was a Presbyterian clergyman, his mother, a teacher; an older brother died in childhood. His early family life was spent in small towns in Illinois and In- diana as his father moved from one pulpit to another, and it stressed intellectual and religious values.
    [Show full text]
  • Officers of the American Political Science Association
    OFFICERS OF THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION President Edward S. Corwin, Princeton University https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms First Vice-President C. A. Dykstra, Cincinnati, Ohio Second Vice-President Belle Sherwin, Cleveland, Ohio Third Vice-President J. Ralston Hayden, University of Michigan Secretary and Treasurer Clyde L. King, University of Pennsylvania EXECUTIVE COUNCIL President, Vice-Presidents, and Secretary-Treasurer ex-officio , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at Kenneth W. Colegrove, Northwestern University Earl W. Crecraft, University of Akron Charles E. Martin, University of Washington "William E. Mosher, Syracuse University Frank M. Russell, University of California William S. Carpenter, Princeton University Frederic H. Guild, University of Kansas 25 Sep 2021 at 02:38:21 Charles E. Hill, George Washington University , on Raymond Moley, Columbia University Lent D. Upson, Detroit Bureau of Governmental Research Ben A. Arneson, Ohio AVesleyan University Raymond L. Buell, New York City 170.106.202.58 Harold D. Lasswell, University of Chicago Edward M. Sait, Pomona College Edward J. Woodhouse, University of North Carolina . IP address: FORMER PRESIDENTS Frank J. Goodnow John Bassett Moore James W. Garner Albert Shaw Ernest Freund Charles E. Merriam Frederick N. Judson* Jesse Macy* Charles A. Beard James Bryce* Munroe Smith* William B. Munro A. Lawrence Lowell Henry Jones Ford* Jesse S. Reeves Woodrow Wilson* Paul S. Reinsch* John A. Fairlie Simeon E. Baldwin* Leo S. Rowe Benjamin F. Shambaugh https://www.cambridge.org/core Albert Bushnell Hart William A. Dunning* W. W. Willoughby Harry A. Garfield 'Deceased https://doi.org/10.1017/S000305540011158X Downloaded from .
    [Show full text]
  • American Political Science Review
    AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW AMERICAN https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055418000060 . POLITICAL SCIENCE https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms REVIEW , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at 08 Oct 2021 at 13:45:36 , on May 2018, Volume 112, Issue 2 112, Volume May 2018, University of Athens . May 2018 Volume 112, Issue 2 Cambridge Core For further information about this journal https://www.cambridge.org/core ISSN: 0003-0554 please go to the journal website at: cambridge.org/apsr Downloaded from 00030554_112-2.indd 1 21/03/18 7:36 AM LEAD EDITOR Jennifer Gandhi Andreas Schedler Thomas König Emory University Centro de Investigación y Docencia University of Mannheim, Germany Claudine Gay Económicas, Mexico Harvard University Frank Schimmelfennig ASSOCIATE EDITORS John Gerring ETH Zürich, Switzerland Kenneth Benoit University of Texas, Austin Carsten Q. Schneider London School of Economics Sona N. Golder Central European University, and Political Science Pennsylvania State University Budapest, Hungary Thomas Bräuninger Ruth W. Grant Sanjay Seth University of Mannheim Duke University Goldsmiths, University of London, UK Sabine Carey Julia Gray Carl K. Y. Shaw University of Mannheim University of Pennsylvania Academia Sinica, Taiwan Leigh Jenco Mary Alice Haddad Betsy Sinclair London School of Economics Wesleyan University Washington University in St. Louis and Political Science Peter A. Hall Beth A. Simmons Benjamin Lauderdale Harvard University University of Pennsylvania London School of Economics Mary Hawkesworth Dan Slater and Political Science Rutgers University University of Chicago Ingo Rohlfi ng Gretchen Helmke Rune Slothuus University of Cologne University of Rochester Aarhus University, Denmark D.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of American Political Theories
    A History of American Political Theories A History of American Political Theories Charles Edward Merriam With a new introduction by Sidney A. Pearson, Jr. IJ Routledge Taylor&.Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK Originally published in © 1903 by The Macmillian Company, New York Reprinted in ©1969 by Augustus M. Kelley, Publishers, New York Published 2008 by Transaction Publishers Published 2017 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business New material this edition copyright © 2008 by Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2007045620 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Merriam, Charles Edward, 1874-1953. A history of American political theories / Charles Merriam ; with a new introduction by Sidney A. Pearson. p. cm. Originally published: New York : Macmillan Co., 1903. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4128-0714-2 1. Political science—United States—History. 2. United States—Politics and government. I. Title. JA84.U5M6 2008 320.0973—dc22 2007045620 ISBN 13: 978-1-4128-0714-2 (pbk) PROFESSOR WILLIAM ARCHIBALD DUNNING MY TEACHER AND GUIDE IN THE STUDY OF POLITICAL THEORIES THIS VOLUME IS GRATEFULLY DEDICATED CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO THE TRANSACTION EDITION xiii PREFACE lxi CHAPTER I THE POLITICAL THEORY OF THE COLONIAL PERIOD FAGB 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Handbook and Directory
    PHI BETA KAPPA Founded December 5, 1776 HANDBOOK AND DIRECTORY BETA CHAPTER OF IOWA Charter Granted September 12, 1907 Foundation and Organization, April 11, 1908 Grinnell College September, 2006 FOREWORD Beta Chapter of Iowa, Phi Beta Kappa, published in April 1943 its “Green Book”, entitled The Constitution and By-Laws of Phi Beta Kappa at Grinnell College, with Lists of Officers and Members, which was also identified as Chapter Publication No. 4. The first Handbook appeared in March 1964. Guillermo Mendoza, Professor of Biology and Secretary of the Chapter from 1957 to 1963, was largely responsible for preparing it. A second, bicentennial, edition in January 1976 embodied extensive revisions by Ruth VanBuren Prescott. Since that time the Handbook has appeared annually with such revision as the continuing life and history of the Chapter have required. The current edition includes general information about Phi Beta Kappa and Beta Chapter of Iowa; the Chapter Constitution, By-Laws, and Standing Procedures, as amended through 2001; lists of past and present officers and of present “immediate” members; and chronological lists of Chapter members from 1907-08 through 2006. Because information about individual members is readily available in Alumni Office files, addresses are not included in the lists, nor are living and deceased members differentiated. Every effort has been made to insure accuracy, including corrections made in the third edition from previous lists. Any errors noted in the listing should be reported promptly to the current Chapter secretary and to any others whose records would be affected by the corrections. 2 CONTENTS FOREWORD ......................................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Roots of the Discipline of Public Administration: A
    THE ROOTS OF THE DISCIPLINE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: A NARRATIVE ANALYSIS OF PROGRESSIVE ERA CHICAGO MICHELLE L. DISTEFANO Bachelor of Arts in Political Science Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey May 2001 submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN URBAN STUDIES AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS at the CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY AUGUST 2019 ©COPYRIGHT BY MICHELLE L. DISTEFANO 2019 We hereby approve this dissertation For Michelle L. DiStefano Candidate for the doctoral degree for the Department of Urban Studies and Public Affairs And CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY’S College of Graduate Studies by ___________________________________________________ William M. Bowen, PhD Urban Studies and Public Affairs, September ___, 2019 ___________________________________________________ Robert Gleeson, PhD Urban Studies and Public Affairs, September ___, 2019 ___________________________________________________ Jennifer Alexander, PhD University of Texas at San Antonio College of Public Policy, September ___ 2019 Student’s Date of Defense: May 1, 2019 DEDICATION For Max, Bella and Emma ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There have been many people who supported me throughout the process of earning a PhD. I will always be grateful to Dr. Camilla Stivers who was instrumental in my success throughout most of my time at Levin. I am most grateful for her encouragement of my initial participation in the doctoral program and assistance with the development of the topic of my dissertation. I extend a very special thank you to Dr. William Bowen for being my program advisor and the chair of my dissertation committee, his patience, and his unbridled support and encouragement throughout the entire process. I thank Dr. Robert Gleeson for agreeing to be a member of my committee and for his thoughtful comments on the dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Public Administration Scholars Administration Scholars
    List of public administration scholars https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_public_ administration_scholars From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This is an incomplete list that may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it withreliably sourced entries. This list of public administration scholars includes notable theorists, academics, and researchers from public administration, public policy, and related fields such as economics, political science, management, administrative law. All of the individuals in this list have made a notable contribution to the field of public administration. O. P. Dwivedi Howard E. McCurdy Graham T. Allison Kenneth J. Meier Paul Appleby Robert K. Merton Walter Bagehot Henry Mintzberg Chester Barnard Mark H. Moore Reinhard Bendix Frederick C. Mosher James M. Buchanan R. E. Neustadt Lynton K. Caldwell W. A. Niskanen - Founded the rational choice analysing bureaucracy. Michel Crozier Johan Olsen - One of the developers of the systemic-anarchic Robert A. Dahl perspective of organizational decision making known as the Can Model. A.V. Dicey Elinor Ostrom Anthony Downs - Had a major influence on the public choiceschool of political economy. C. Northcote Parkinson - Author of Parkinson's Law satirizes government bureaucracies and explains the inevitability of bureaucratic expansion. Peter Drucker James L. Perry Patrick Dunleavy - Originated the bureau-shaping model ofbureaucracy. Gerrit van Poelje - Founder of the science of public administration in the Netherlands. Dorman Bridoman Eaton Jack Rabin David John Farmer - Author of The Language of Public Administration, listed as one of the candidate books for “great books of public administration, 1990-2010” (Meier & O’Toole, 2012, Hal G.
    [Show full text]
  • Politics, Policy, and Organizations Politics, Policy, and Organizations
    Politics, Policy, and Organizations Politics, Policy, and Organizations Frontiers in the Scientific Study of Bureaucracy Edited by George A. Krause & Kenneth J. Meier Contents Preface vii The Scientific Study of Bureaucracy: An Overview Kenneth J. Meier and George A. Krause 1 Part 1. Theory Why Do Bureaucrats Delay? Lessons from a Stochastic Optimal Stopping Model of Agency Timing, with Applications to the FDA Daniel P. Carpenter 23 Agency Risk Propensities Involving the Demand for Bureaucratic Discretion George A. Krause 41 Veto Points, Policy Preferences, and Bureaucratic Autonomy in Democratic Systems Thomas H. Hammond 73 The Benefits of Agency Policy-making: Perspectives from Positive Theory David B. Spence 104 Part 2. Methodological Technology Donut Shops, Speed Traps, and Paperwork: Supervision and the Allocation of Time to Bureaucratic Tasks John Brehm, Scott Gates, and Brad Gomez 133 vi Contents Adapting Agencies: Competition, Imitation, and Punishment in the Design of Bureaucratic Performance Andrew B. Whitford 160 Part 3. Empirical Studies Consensual Rule Making and the Time It Takes to Develop Rules Steven J. Balla and John R. Wright 187 Why It Matters Whether State Bureaucrats as Opposed to Federal Bureaucrats Administer Federal Programs Lael R. Keiser 207 Structural Choice and Political Control of Bureaucracy: Updating Federal Credit Programs Kevin Corder 233 Administrative Structure and Social Democratic Results: The Case of Education Kevin B. Smith 259 Bureaucratic Discretion and Regulatory Success without Enforcement Michael J. Licari 276 Conclusion: An Agenda for the Scientific Study of Bureaucracy Kenneth J. Meier and George A. Krause 292 References 309 Contributors 341 Author Index 343 Subject Index 349 Preface The genesis for this volume came from the organized workshop The Sci- entific Study of Bureaucracy held at the Fifth Public Management Con- ference, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, December 3–4, 1999.
    [Show full text]
  • The Puzzle of Social Movements in American Legal Theory
    THE PUZZLE OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN AMERICAN LEGAL THEORY Scott L. Cummings∗ In one of the most striking developments in American legal scholarship over the past quarter century, social movements have become central to the study of law. In constitutional theory, movements have emerged as key drivers of legal reform, creating new constitutional ideals and minimizing concerns of activist courts overriding the majority will. In lawyering theory, movements have appeared as mobilized clients in the pursuit of social change, leading political struggle and shifting attention away from concerns about activist lawyers dominating marginalized groups. In a surprising turnabout, social movements—long ignored by legal academics—have now achieved a privileged position in legal scholarship as engines of progressive transformation. Why social movements have come to play this dramatic new role is the central inquiry of this Article. To answer it, this Article provides an original account of progressive legal theory that reveals how the rise of social movements is a current response to an age-old problem: harnessing law as a force for social change within American democracy while still maintaining a distinction between law and politics. This problem erupted as an intellectual crisis after Brown v. Board of Education asserted a model of social change through law—what scholars termed “legal liberalism”—that placed courts and lawyers in the lead of progressive movements. In the decades following Brown, legal liberalism provoked a forceful reaction by progressives who viewed court and lawyer activism as illegitimate and counterproductive. A core contribution of this Article is to show how contemporary scholars have responded to the decline of legal liberalism by developing a competing model—“movement liberalism”—that assigns leadership of transformative legal change to social movements in order to preserve traditional roles for courts and lawyers.
    [Show full text]