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Diction for Singers DICTION FOR SINGERS: A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF BOOKS AND SOURCES DOCUMENT Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Musical Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Cynthia Lynn Mahaney, B.M., M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2006 Document Committee: Approved by Professor Emeritus, Eileen Davis, Adviser Dr. Karen Peeler ___________________________ Dr. R. J. David Frego Adviser Graduate Program in Music Copyright by Cynthia Lynn Mahaney 2006 ABSTRACT A common dilemma for today’s college voice professor is how to teach vocal diction effectively to the undergraduate student in the limited time allotted to these courses in a college music program. The college voice professor may rely on familiar and previously used texts, though other excellent resources have become available in the last decade. It is the purpose of this study to identify the diction books and supplemental sources currently used in the United States, and provide assessment of their suitability for teaching undergraduate voice students. A survey was conducted to determine which books and sources college professors currently use in vocal diction classes. The survey concentrated primarily on diction instruction resources for the Italian, German, and French languages, since these are the first languages that need to be mastered by the undergraduate voice student. The survey instrument was sent to all 1,733 institution members of the College Music Society in the United States. The 118 completed surveys which were returned formed the basis of this study. From the 118, twenty-two interviews were conducted with instructors who used different diction texts. The questions for both the survey and the interviews deal with the accuracy and accessibility of the books and sources used by the diction instructor, and the preferred structure and activities for this type of course. For results of the survey which featured a ii number of respondents, a bar graph format provides easy visibility. The most frequently used texts and supplemental sources are discussed in depth and are included in an annotated bibliography. Survey results indicated that Diction for Singers by Joan Wall, Robert Caldwell, Tracy Gavilanes, and Sheila Allen, is the textbook most widely used, with 60% of respondents naming it as their primary text. Supplemental sources identified and evaluated by respondents included books other than diction texts; dictionaries, song anthologies, recordings, software programs, and websites. The conclusion of the document offers ideas and options for the lyric diction instructor based on the results of the surveys and interviews, and suggestions for future research to survey a more representative sample of vocal institutions. iii Dedicated to my husband and son iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank my adviser, Eileen Davis, for her tireless help, encouragement, expertise, and guidance in the area of vocal diction, as well as for her countless hours of help with proofreading and editing. I am also appreciative of the other members of my committee, Dr. Karen Peeler and Dr. R. J. David Frego, for their ongoing support and advice. I would also like to thank Dr. Nancy Jantsch for suggesting conducting a survey, as well as other suggestions and advice. I very much appreciate all of the instructors who filled out and returned my survey, and those professors who agreed to be interviewed. Their time and willingness to provide information has made this document possible. For help with typing and editing my document I would like to thank Connie Parkinson, Andrea Crago, and Alicia Rivers. I am very grateful for my dear friend Diane Borgic for her ongoing encouragement and support, and her many hours of reading and editing. I also thank my sister-in-law, Jody King, for help with mailing the survey, as well as members of Broad Street United Methodist Church in Columbus, Ohio. Finally, I must thank my husband Steve and son Jimmy for their understanding and support while I spent countless hours working on this document. v VITA July 14, 1959………………………………..Born – Lima, Ohio 1981……………………………...………….B.M., Vocal Performance, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 1982…………………………………………M.A., Vocal Pedagogy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1984…………………………………………Adjunct Voice Professor, Otterbein College, Westerville, OH 1984 - 1985………………………………....Adjunct Voice Professor, Saint Mary’s College, Notre Dame, IN 1985 – 2006………………………………....Private voice instructor, Columbus, Ohio 1990-1991, 2000-2006……………………...Doctoral student in vocal performance, The Ohio State University 2002 – 2006………………………………….Adjunct Music Professor, Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, Ohio 2002-2006……………………………………Adjunct Voice Professor, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Music Studies in: Applied Voice with Marajean Marvin Hulling, 1990-1991; Eileen Davis, 2000-2004. Studies in: Vocal Literature, Diction, and Opera, 1990-1991; 2000-2001. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………ii Dedication……………………………………………………………………………....iv Acknowledgments……………………………………………………………………….v Vita……………………………………………………………………………………...vi List of Figures…………………………………………………………………….…….xi List of Tables………………………………………………………………………......xvi List of Symbols………………………………………………………………….…...xxvi Glossary……………………………………………………………………………...xxvii Chapters: 1. Introduction……………………………..…………………………………..…...1 1.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………….…1 1.2 Problem……………………………………………………………………...2 1.3 Purpose……………………………………………………………………....2 1.4 Significance of Study…………………………………………………….….3 1.5 Research Questions………………………………………………………….3 1.6 Summary of Chapter Content………………………………………………..4 1.7 Summary of Appendices and Bibliography…………………………………5 2. Selected Annotated Bibliography…………………..……………………..….…6 2.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………...6 2.2 Diction Books: French……………………………………………………...7 2.3 Diction Books: German…………………...………………………….…...15 2.4 Diction Books: Italian…………...…………………………………….…..20 vii 2.5 Diction Books: IPA…………………………………...…………….….....24 2.6 Supplemental Books…………………………………………...….………26 2.7 Supplemental Dictionaries………………..…………………………….....36 2.8 Supplemental Music………………………………...……...………….….38 2.9 Software/ Videos…………………...……...……………………………...41 2.10 Websites…………………………………………………………………..42 2.11 Articles…………………………………………………………………....45 2.12 Dissertations……………………………………………………………....51 3. Survey: Methodology and Results…………………………….………..……....54 3.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………...54 3.2 Survey Instrument……………………………………………………….…54 3.3 Survey Population……………………………………………………….…55 3.4 Collection of Data……………………………………………………….…55 3.5 Data Analysis and Results………………………………………………....55 4. Interviews………………………………………………………………….….145 4.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………….…145 4.2 Interview Questions……………………………………………………....145 4.3 Method of Interview……………………………………………………...146 4.4 The Interviewees……………………………………………………….....146 4.5 Data Analysis and Results………………………………………………..149 5. Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations……………………………...249 5.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………….…249 5.2 Summary and Conclusions……………………………………………..…249 5.3 Recommendations………………………………………………………...270 5.4 Future Research……………………………………………….…………..271 Appendices Appendix A: Survey Questions…………………………………………….....274 Appendix B: Bar Graphs of Results of Survey Questions……………….…...281 viii Appendix C: Sample of Script for Initiating Contact with Interviewees…..…367 Appendix D: Sample of Consent Form for Interviewee……………………...369 Appendix E: Interview Questions…………………………………………….371 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………..374 Diction Texts………………………………………………………………….375 Supplemental Sources………………………………………………………...378 Books……………………………………………………………….....378 Singing Diction………………………………………………..378 General Singing…………………………………………….....380 General Language……………………………………………..380 Song Interpretation…………………………………………....381 Pronunciation……………………………………………….....382 Translation………………………………………………….....385 IPA Transcription……………………………………………..387 Libretti…………………………………………………….…..388 International Phonetic Alphabet……………………………....390 Song Anthologies……………………………………………………..392 Workbooks…………………………………………………………....392 Dictionaries…………………………………………………………....392 Books……………………………………………………….....392 General…………………………………………..…....392 Pronunciation………………………………………....394 Musical and Vocal Terms…………………………….395 Online………………………………………………………....396 Congress Reports…………………………………………………......397 Journal Articles……………………………………………………….398 Dissertations/Thesis………………………………………………………......406 Software……………………………………………………………....410 Audio Recordings……………………………………………………..410 Pronunciation and Speech………………………………….....410 Non-Singing Diction………………………………………….411 ix Videos…………………………………………………………………412 Websites……………………………………………………………....412 General Languages…………………………………………....412 Pronunciation……………………………………………….....415 Fonts…………………………………………………………..416 IPA………………………………………………………….....417 General Diction……………………………………………….418 Singing………………………………………………………...418 Translation and Terms………………………………………...419 x LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Question 1: What type of period does your institution have: quarters, semesters, or another type?...............................................................................282 2 Question 2: How many weeks of class are there in your quarter/semester?.....283 3 Question 3: How long is one class period?.......................................................284 4 Question 4: How many times a week is your class held?..................................285
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