Common Name: METHYL CHLORIDE
CAS Number: 74-87-3 RTK Substance number: 1235 DOT Number: UN 1063 Date: March 1998 Revision: August 2004 ------
HAZARD SUMMARY * Methyl Chloride can affect you when breathed in and by from your employer. You have a legal right to this passing through your skin. information under OSHA 1910.1020. * Long-term exposure to Methyl Chloride may damage the * If you think you are experiencing any work-related health testes. problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational * Contact with liquid Methyl Chloride can cause frostbite diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you. and severe skin and eye burns, leading to permanent * ODOR THRESHOLD = 10 ppm. damage. * The range of accepted odor threshold values is quite * Breathing Methyl Chloride can irritate the lungs causing broad. Caution should be used in relying on odor alone as coughing and/or shortness of breath. a warning of potentially hazardous exposures. * Higher levels can cause headache, dizziness, drowsiness, unconsciousness, convulsions, and death. WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS * Exposure can cause blurred or double vision and OSHA: The legal permissible exposure limit (PEL) is “drunken” behavior. 100 ppm averaged over an 8-hour workshift, with * Methyl Chloride may damage the liver and kidneys and a ceiling level of 200 ppm, and a maximum can interfere with brain function. acceptable peak of 300 ppm for 5 minutes in any * Methyl Chloride is a HIGHLY FLAMMABLE GAS and 3-hour period. a DANGEROUS FIRE HAZARD. NIOSH: Recommends that exposure to occupational IDENTIFICATION carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible Methyl Chloride is a colorless gas with a faint sweet odor. It concentration. is stored as a liquid in compressed gas cylinders. It is used as a refrigerant and in making other chemicals. ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is 50 ppm averaged over an 8-hour workshift and REASON FOR CITATION 100 ppm as a STEL (short term exposure limit).
* Methyl Chloride is on the Hazardous Substance List * The above exposure limits are for air levels only. When because it is regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, skin contact also occurs, you may be overexposed, even DOT, NIOSH, DEP, IARC, IRIS, NFPA and EPA. though air levels are less than the limits listed above. * This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List because it is FLAMMABLE. * Definitions are provided on page 5. WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE * Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust
ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be EXPOSED worn. The New Jersey Right to Know Act requires most employers * Wear protective work clothing. to label chemicals in the workplace and requires public * On skin contact with liquid Methyl Chloride, immediately employers to provide their employees with information and submerse the affected body part in warm water. training concerning chemical hazards and controls. The * Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to Methyl federal OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, 1910.1200, Chloride and at the end of the workshift. requires private employers to provide similar training and * Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In information to their employees. addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort, communicate all information on the health and * Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely safety hazards of Methyl Chloride to potentially exposed evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area workers. air samples. You can obtain copies of sampling
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This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and potential and most severe health hazards that may result from present symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for exposure. Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance damage already done are not a substitute for controlling and other factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the exposure. potential effects described below. ------Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to this information under OSHA 1910.1020. HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Mixed Exposures Acute Health Effects * Because more than light alcohol consumption can cause The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur liver damage, drinking alcohol can increase the liver immediately or shortly after exposure to Methyl Chloride: damage caused by Methyl Chloride.
* Contact with liquid Methyl Chloride can cause frostbite WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES and severe skin and eye burns, leading to permanent damage. Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous * Breathing Methyl Chloride can irritate the lungs causing substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most coughing and/or shortness of breath. effective way of reducing exposure. The best protection is to * Higher levels can cause headache, dizziness, drowsiness, enclose operations and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at unconsciousness, convulsions, and death. the site of chemical release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using respirators or protective equipment is Chronic Health Effects less effective than the controls mentioned above, but is The following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at sometimes necessary. some time after exposure to Methyl Chloride and can last for months or years: In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the Cancer Hazard substance is released into the workplace and (3) whether * There is limited evidence that Methyl Chloride causes harmful skin or eye contact could occur. Special controls cancer in animals. It may cause cancer of the kidneys. should be in place for highly toxic chemicals or when * Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to significant skin, eye, or breathing exposures are possible. a carcinogen. In addition, the following controls are recommended: Reproductive Hazard * There is limited evidence that Methyl Chloride is a * Specific engineering controls are required for this chemical teratogen in animals. Until further testing has been done, it by OSHA. Refer to the OSHA Standard: 29 CFR should be treated as a possible teratogen in humans. 1910.101 for Compressed gases. * Methyl Chloride may damage the testes (male * Before entering a confined space where Methyl Chloride reproductive glands) and decrease fertility in male rats. may be present, check to make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist. Other Long-Term Effects * Exposure can cause blurred or double vision and “drunken” Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous behavior. exposures. The following work practices are recommended: * Methyl Chloride may damage the liver and kidneys. * Long-term exposure can interfere with brain function, * Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by Methyl causing clumsiness, headache, dizziness, poor judgment and Chloride should change into clean clothing promptly. memory, slurred speech, sleep disturbances and personality * Eye wash fountains should be provided in the immediate changes (depression, irritability). work area for emergency use. * If there is the possibility of skin exposure, emergency shower facilities should be provided. MEDICAL * On skin contact with Methyl Chloride, immediately wash or shower to remove the chemical. At the end of the Medical Testing workshift, wash any areas of the body that may have If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the contacted Methyl Chloride, whether or not known skin following are recommended: contact has occurred. * Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Methyl Chloride is * Liver and kidney function tests. handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical can be * Exam of the nervous system. swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating, drinking, smoking, or using the toilet. * Do not smoke in the work area. Even a little vapor inhaled through a burning cigarette, cigar, or pipe will be converted into more highly toxic substances. METHYL CHLORIDE page 3 of 6
* Exposure to 2,000 ppm is immediately dangerous to life PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT and health. If the possibility of exposure above 2,000 ppm exists, use a NIOSH approved self-contained breathing WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN apparatus with a full facepiece operated in a pressure- PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for demand or other positive-pressure mode equipped with an some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry, jobs emergency escape air cylinder. done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace controls are being installed), personal protective equipment HANDLING AND STORAGE may be appropriate. * Prior to working with Methyl Chloride you should be OSHA 1910.132 requires employers to determine the trained on its proper handling and storage. appropriate personal protective equipment for each hazard and * Methyl Chloride is not compatible with OXIDIZING to train employees on how and when to use protective AGENTS (such as PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, equipment. PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES, NITRATES, CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE); and The following recommendations are only guidelines and may CHEMICALLY ACTIVE METALS (such as not apply to every situation. ALUMINUM, POTASSIUM, SODIUM, MAGNESIUM and ZINC). Clothing * Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated * Avoid skin contact with Methyl Chloride. Wear protective area away from HEAT and DIRECT SUNLIGHT. gloves and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/ * Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most prohibited where Methyl Chloride is used, handled, or protective glove/clothing material for your operation. stored. * Where exposure to cold equipment, vapors, or liquid may * Metal containers involving the transfer of Methyl Chloride occur, employees should be provided with special clothing should be grounded and bonded. designed to prevent the freezing of body tissues. * Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially * All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) when opening and closing containers of Methyl Chloride. should be clean, available each day, and put on before work. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS * Safety equipment manufacturers recommend Polyvinyl Alcohol as a protective material. Q: If I have acute health effects, will I later get chronic health effects? Eye Protection A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term) effects result from * Wear indirect-vent, impact and splash resistant goggles repeated exposures to a chemical. when working with liquids. * Wear non-vented, impact resistant goggles when working Q: Can I get long-term effects without ever having short- with fumes, gases, or vapors. term effects? * Wear a face shield along with goggles when working with A: Yes, because long-term effects can occur from repeated corrosive, highly irritating or toxic substances. exposures to a chemical at levels not high enough to make you immediately sick. Respiratory Protection IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Q: What are my chances of getting sick when I have been Such equipment should only be used if the employer has a exposed to chemicals? written program that takes into account workplace conditions, A: The likelihood of becoming sick from chemicals is requirements for worker training, respirator fit testing and increased as the amount of exposure increases. This is medical exams, as described in OSHA 1910.134. determined by the length of time and the amount of
material to which someone is exposed. * Where the potential exists for exposure over 50 ppm, use a
NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator with a full Q: When are higher exposures more likely? facepiece operated in a pressure-demand or other positive- A: Conditions which increase risk of exposure include pressure mode. For increased protection use in combination physical and mechanical processes (heating, pouring, with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus spraying, spills and evaporation from large surface areas operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure such as open containers), and "confined space" exposures mode. (working inside vats, reactors, boilers, small rooms, etc.).
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Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for workers than for ------community residents? The following information is available from: A: Yes. Exposures in the community, except possibly in cases of fires or spills, are usually much lower than those New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services found in the workplace. However, people in the Occupational Health Service community may be exposed to contaminated water as well PO Box 360 as to chemicals in the air over long periods. This may be Trenton, NJ 08625-0360 a problem for children or people who are already ill. (609) 984-1863 (609) 984-7407 (fax) Q: Don't all chemicals cause cancer? A: No. Most chemicals tested by scientists are not cancer- Web address: http://www.state.nj.us/health/eoh/odisweb/ causing. Industrial Hygiene Information Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical causes cancer in Industrial hygienists are available to answer your questions animals? regarding the control of chemical exposures using exhaust A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a chemical that causes ventilation, special work practices, good housekeeping, good cancer in animals should be treated as a suspected human hygiene practices, and personal protective equipment including carcinogen unless proven otherwise. respirators. In addition, they can help to interpret the results of industrial hygiene survey data. Q: But don't they test animals using much higher levels of a chemical than people usually are exposed to? Medical Evaluation A: Yes. That's so effects can be seen more clearly using If you think you are becoming sick because of exposure to fewer animals. But high doses alone don't cause cancer chemicals at your workplace, you may call personnel at the unless it's a cancer agent. In fact, a chemical that causes Department of Health and Senior Services, Occupational cancer in animals at high doses could cause cancer in Health Service, who can help you find the information you humans exposed to low doses. need.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected by chemicals that Public Presentations cause reproductive system damage? Presentations and educational programs on occupational health A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or fertility in both or the Right to Know Act can be organized for labor unions, men and women. Some damage sperm and eggs, possibly trade associations and other groups. leading to birth defects. Right to Know Information Resources Q: Who is at the greatest risk from reproductive hazards? The Right to Know Infoline (609) 984-2202 can answer A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk from chemicals that questions about the identity and potential health effects of harm the developing fetus. However, chemicals may chemicals, list of educational materials in occupational health, affect the ability to have children, so both men and references used to prepare the Fact Sheets, preparation of the women of childbearing age are at high risk. Right to Know Survey, education and training programs, labeling requirements, and general information regarding the Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical is a teratogen in Right to Know Act. Violations of the law should be reported to animals? (609) 984-2202. A: Yes. Although some chemicals may affect humans ------differently than they affect animals, damage to animals suggests that similar damage can occur in humans. METHYL CHLORIDE page 5 of 6
DEFINITIONS
ACGIH is the American Conference of Governmental NAERG is the North American Emergency Response Industrial Hygienists. It recommends upper limits (called Guidebook. It was jointly developed by Transport Canada, the TLVs) for exposure to workplace chemicals. United States Department of Transportation and the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation of Mexico. It is a A carcinogen is a substance that causes cancer. guide for first responders to quickly identify the specific or generic hazards of material involved in a transportation The CAS number is assigned by the Chemical Abstracts incident, and to protect themselves and the general public Service to identify a specific chemical. during the initial response phase of the incident.
CFR is the Code of Federal Regulations, which consists of the NFPA is the National Fire Protection Association. It classifies regulations of the United States government. substances according to their fire and explosion hazard.
A combustible substance is a solid, liquid or gas that will burn. NIOSH is the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. It tests equipment, evaluates and approves respirators, A corrosive substance is a gas, liquid or solid that causes conducts studies of workplace hazards, and proposes standards irreversible damage to human tissue or containers. to OSHA.
DEP is the New Jersey Department of Environmental NTP is the National Toxicology Program which tests Protection. chemicals and reviews evidence for cancer.
DOT is the Department of Transportation, the federal agency OSHA is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, that regulates the transportation of chemicals. which adopts and enforces health and safety standards.
EPA is the Environmental Protection Agency, the federal PEL is the Permissible Exposure Limit which is enforceable by agency responsible for regulating environmental hazards. the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
A fetus is an unborn human or animal. PIH is a DOT designation for chemicals which are Poison Inhalation Hazards. A flammable substance is a solid, liquid, vapor or gas that will ignite easily and burn rapidly. ppm means parts of a substance per million parts of air. It is a measure of concentration by volume in air. The flash point is the temperature at which a liquid or solid gives off vapor that can form a flammable mixture with air. A reactive substance is a solid, liquid or gas that releases energy under certain conditions. IARC is the International Agency for Research on Cancer, a scientific group that classifies chemicals according to their STEL is a Short Term Exposure Limit which is usually a 15- cancer-causing potential. minute exposure that should not be exceeded at any time during a work day. IRIS is the Integrated Risk Information System database of the federal EPA. A teratogen is a substance that causes birth defects by damaging the fetus. A miscible substance is a liquid or gas that will evenly dissolve in another. TLV is the Threshold Limit Value, the workplace exposure limit recommended by ACGIH. mg/m3 means milligrams of a chemical in a cubic meter of air. It is a measure of concentration (weight/volume). The vapor pressure is a measure of how readily a liquid or a solid mixes with air at its surface. A higher vapor pressure A mutagen is a substance that causes mutations. A mutation is indicates a higher concentration of the substance in air and a change in the genetic material in a body cell. Mutations can therefore increases the likelihood of breathing it in. lead to birth defects, miscarriages, or cancer.
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Common Name: METHYL CHLORIDE ======DOT Number: UN 1063 FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire NAERG Code: 115 department. You can request emergency information from the CAS Number: 74-87-3 following:
CHEMTREC: (800) 424-9300 Hazard rating NJDHSS NFPA NJDEP HOTLINE: 1-877-WARN-DEP FLAMMABILITY - 4 ======
REACTIVITY - 0 HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3) FLAMMABLE POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE FIRST AID CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
For POISON INFORMATION call 1-800-222-1222 Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; 4=severe Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least FIRE HAZARDS 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. * Methyl Chloride is a FLAMMABLE GAS. * To extinguish fire, stop the flow of gas. Skin Contact * Use dry chemical, CO2, or fine water spray. * Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash * POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE, area with large amounts of soap and water. Seek medical including Hydrogen Chloride and Phosgene. attention immediately. * CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE. * Immerse affected part in warm water. Seek medical * Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. attention. * Vapor is heavier than air and may travel a distance to cause a fire or explosion far from the source. Breathing * Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. * Remove the person from exposure. * If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be * Begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions) if trained and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156. breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. * Transfer promptly to a medical facility. SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES PHYSICAL DATA If Methyl Chloride is leaked, take the following steps:
4,300 mm Hg at 77oF (25oC) * Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from Vapor Pressure: o o area of leak until clean-up is complete. Flash Point: -50 F (-46 C) * Remove all ignition sources. Water Solubility: Slightly soluble * Ventilate area of leak to disperse the gas. * Stop flow of gas. If source of leak is a cylinder and the OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES leak cannot be stopped in place, remove the leaking cylinder to a safe place in the open air, and repair leak or Chemical Name: allow cylinder to empty. Chloromethane * Keep Methyl Chloride out of a confined space, such as a Other Names: sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the Monochloromethane; Artic; R 40 sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive concentrations. ------* It may be necessary to contain and dispose of Methyl Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial Chloride as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state purposes. Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) or your ------regional office of the federal Environmental Protection NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND Agency (EPA) for specific recommendations. SENIOR SERVICES * If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be Right to Know Program properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be PO Box 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368 applicable. (609) 984-2202 ------