National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior CRM: The Journal of Heritage Stewardship Volume 3 Number i Winter 2006 Editorial Board Contributing Editors David G. Anderson, Ph.D. Megan Brown Department of Anthropology, Historic Preservation Grants, University of Tennessee National Park Service Gordon W. Fulton Timothy M. Davis, Ph.D. National Park Service National Historic Sites Park Historic Structures and U.S. Department of the Interior Directorate, Parks Canada Cultural Landscapes, National Park Service Cultural Resources Art Gomez, Ph.D. Intermountain Regional Elaine Jackson-Retondo, Gale A. Norton Office, National Park Service Ph.D. Secretary of the Interior Pacific West Regional Office, Michael Holleran, Ph.D. National Park Service Fran P. Mainella Department of Planning and Director, National Park Design, University of J. Lawrence Lee, Ph.D., P.E. Service Colorado, Denver Heritage Documentation Programs, Janet Snyder Matthews, Elizabeth A. Lyon, Ph.D. National Park Service Ph.D. Independent Scholar; Former Associate Director, State Historic Preservation Barbara J. Little, Ph.D. Cultural Resources Officer, Georgia Archeological Assistance Programs, Frank G. Matero, Ph.D. National Park Service Historic Preservation CRM: The Journal of Program, University of David Louter, Ph.D. Heritage Stewardship Pennsylvania Pacific West Regional Office, National Park Service Winter 2006 Moises Rosas Silva, Ph.D. ISSN 1068-4999 Instutito Nacional de Chad Randl Antropologia e Historia, Heritage Preservation Sue Waldron Mexico Service, Publisher National Park Service Jim W Steely Dennis | Konetzka | Design SWCA Environmental Daniel J. Vivian Group, LLC Consultants, Phoenix, National Register of Historic Design Arizona Places/National Historic Landmarks, Diane Vogt-O'Connor National Park Service National Archives and Staff Records Administration Antoinette J. Lee, Ph.D. Editorial Advisors Editor Randall J. Biallas.AIA Martin Perschler, Ph.D. Park Cultural Resources Assistant Editor Programs, National Park Service Michele Gates Moresi, Ph.D. John A. Burns, FAIA Articles Editor Heritage Preservation Assistance Programs, Lisa Pfueller Davidson, Ph.D. National Park Service Virginia Barrett Price Research Reports Editors Antoinette J. Lee, Ph.D. Historical Documentation Michelle J. Wilkinson, Ph.D. Programs, Book Review Editor National Park Service Brian D. Joyner Exhibits and Multimedia Review Editor CRM: The Journal of Heritage Stewardship CRM: The Journal of Heritage Stewardship is published by the National Park Service for the heritage community. CRM: The Journal of Heritage Stewardship Views and conclusions in CRM Journal are Winter 2006 those of the authors and should not be interpreted ISSN 1068-4999 as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Government. Acceptance of material for CRM = cultural resource management publication does not necessarily reflect an opinion or endorsement on the part of the CRM Journal CRM: The Journal of Heritage Stewardship is staff or the National Park Service. published twice each year by the National Park Service to address the history and development CRM Journal is produced under a cooperative of and trends and emerging issues in cultural agreement between the National Park Service resource management in the United States and and the National Conference of State Historic abroad. Its purpose is to broaden the intellectual Preservation Officers. foundation of the management of cultural resources. To subscribe to CRM Journal— The online version of CRM Journal is available at Online http://www.cr.nps.gov/CRMJournal www.cr.nps.gov/CRMJournal. Back issues email [email protected] of CRM magazine (1978-2002) are available online Facsimile (202) 371-2422 at http://www.cr.nps.gov/crm. U.S. Mail— Guidance for authors is available online at CRM Journal http://www.cr.nps.gov/CRMJournal. National Park Service 1849 C Street, NW (2286) Manuscripts, letters to the editor, and all questions Washington, DC 20240-0001 and recommendations of an editorial nature should be addressed to Martin Perschler, Editor, email [email protected], telephone (202) 354-2165, or fax (202) 371-2422. Incoming mail to the Federal Government is irradiated, which damages computer disks, CDs, and paper products. These materials should be sent by a com­ mercial delivery service to Editor, CRM Journal, National Park Service, 1201 Eye Street, NW (2286), Washington, DC 20005. CRM: The Journal of Heritage Stewardship Volume 3 Number i Winter 2006 4 INTRODUCTION VIEWPOINTS 6 The Difficult Legacy of Urban Renewal by Richard Longstreth 24 A Doctoral Program in Industrial Heritage and Archeology at Michigan Tech by Bruce E. Seely and Patrick E. Martin ARTICLES 36 The Antiquities Act of 1906 at Its Centennial by Richard Waldbauer and Sherry Hurt 49 Interpreting the Shakers: Opening the Villages to the Public, 1955-1965 by William D. Moore RESEARCH REPORTS 70 Rediscovering a Las Vegas Neighborhood's African American Roots by Courtney Mooney 74 The National Cemetery Administration's Documentation Initiative by Sara Amy Leach 79 Heritage Documentation Programs Record Baltimore's Mount Vernon Place by Martin Perschler 84 The Preservation Arts and Technology Curriculum at Brooklyn High School of the Arts by Kate Burns Ottavino 89 REVIEWS: BOOKS (89), EXHIBITS (ll6), and WEBSITES (124) 136 LETTERS 4 CRM JOURNAL WINTER 2006 Introduction by Antoinette J. Lee, Editor For many heritage professionals, historic preservation connotes active work in advocacy, persuasion, and using public tools to save buildings, designate distinctive landscapes, and protect important archeological sites. Much of preservation work occurs in formal governmental hearings where proponents of designation make the case for their properties before a board or commis­ sion. Other preservationists work for private, nonprofit organizations and prepare print and Internet materials to educate the public about preservation matters. Others organize tours, training programs, exhibits, and other educa­ tional programs for community members. Less known to many is the scholarly side of historic preservation work that takes place in libraries, archives, and other research facilities. Historical research is the basis of preparing authoritative documentation for nominations of historic properties for local designation, nominations to state and federal registers, or nominations for National Historic Landmark designation. Research is also necessary for the preparation of historical books that may be of interest to academics. The same books may be helpful to those who are seeking historic contexts for evaluating single properties or groups of historic properties. Research is undertaken by those who are writing about the history of the preservation field through investigations of organizations and their histories or the preservation of types of properties over time. Finally, research is a mainstay of those who write about the evolution of the field and how decisions about the past reflect larger trends in society. Those who work on the research side of the preservation field may be the professionals who work in government agencies and are assigned to oversee documentation efforts. Others include consultants and independent researchers who prepare official documentation under contract with govern­ ment agencies. They also include academics for whom heritage is one of their scholarly interests. Researchers are integral players in the preservation field, even if they may be less visible than preservation advocates. 5 INTRODUCTION The intellectual foundations of heritage and its preservation is the key purpose of CRM: The Journal of Heritage Stewardship. Its contents reflect the scholarly and research work that is part of the larger heritage preservation field. In the more than two years that the CRM Journal has been published, the editors have been pleased that so many established as well as younger professionals have submitted their work for consideration. Many professionals also have been willing to sit for interviews for the Spotlight features. Others have agreed to review books, exhibits, or websites. The intellectual foundations of heritage and its preservation is the key purpose o/CRM: The Journal of Heritage Stewardship. Its contents reflect the scholarly and research work that is part of the larger heritage preservation field. Each issue of CRM Journal represents the work of many professionals, both in the United States and other countries. Now that it has been established as a key part of the National Park Service cultural resources programs, it is time to pass the editorship to a new person. Starting with the Summer 2006 issue, Martin Perschler will be the editor. Martin's work with the CRM Journal started with providing the cover illustration and continued through articles, research reports, and book reviews. CRM Journal readers are familiar with his exceptional intellectual gifts and are invited to send their inquiries about potential articles to him at [email protected]. 6 CRM JOURNAL WINTER 2006 The Difficult Legacy of Urban Renewal by Richard Longstreth Perhaps no term associated with the American landscape is fraught with more pejorative connotations than "urban renewal." Although the Federal Government program bearing that name ended over 30 years ago, the term remains in common parlance, almost always in reference to something that should not have occurred (as in, "This city suffered from widespread urban renewal") or something unfortunate that might occur