City of Mango, District Mirpurkhas “Disaster risk reduction has been a part of USAID’s work for decades. ……..we strive to do so in ways that better assess the threat of hazards, reduce losses, and ultimately protect and save more people during the next disaster.” Kasey Channell, Acting Director of the Disaster Response and Mitigation Division of USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disas ter Ass istance (OFDA)

PAKISTAN EMERGENCY SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

District Mirpurkhas October 2014

“Disasters can be seen as often as predictable events, requiring forward planning which is integrated in to broader development programs.” Helen Clark, UNDP Administrator, Bureau of Crisis Preven on and Recovery. Annual Report 2011

DISCLAIMER

iMMAP Pakistan is pleased to publish this district profile. The purpose of this profile is to promote public awareness, welfare, and safety while providing community and other related stakeholders, access to vital information for enhancing their disaster mitigation and response efforts.

While iMMAP and its collaborating partner Alhasan Systems team has tried its best to provide proper sources of information and ensure consistency in analyses within the given time limits; both organizations shall not be held responsible for any inaccuracies that may be encountered. In any situation where the Official Public Records differ from the information provided in this district profile, the Official Public Records should take as precedence. iMMAP and Alhasan Systems disclaims any responsibility and makes no representations or warranties as to the quality, accuracy, content, or completeness of any information contained in this report. Final assessment of accuracy and reliability of information is the responsibility of the user when using in different situations. iMMAP and Alhasan Systems shall not be liable for damages of any nature whatsoever resulting from the use or misuse of information contained in this report. The user agrees to indemnify and hold harmless both organizations and anyone involved in storing, retrieving, or displaying this information for any damage of any type that may be caused by use or misuse of this information product.

The terms used and the maps presented in this profile do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of iMMAP, Alhasan Systems, and USAID concerning the legal status and the area of any administrative unit or its authorities.

NOTE: This district profile is a live document and it will continue to improve based on its users feedback and upon availability of more accurate and authenticated sources as and when they become available. It’s not always possible to publish these profiles in hardcopy format; however we will ensure that these updates are made available on Pakistan’s only Daily Emergency and Response – Situational Information [www.dearsir.pk] online portal. All related metadata information can also be downloaded from Pakistan pioneering Metadata portal [www.geopakistan.pk].

Any questions/ comments concerning information presented in this report can be addressed to:

iMMAP Pakistan Services Desk H.# 25, College Road, F-7/2, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: +92.51.835.0755 eMail: [email protected]



Z/d^ iMMAP has been providing Information Management [IM] and Disaster Risk Reduction [DRR] capacity building services in Pakistan since 2010. Based on our lessons learned, while interacting with thousands of humanitarian partners, private sector organizations, and government officials, both national and international; we believe that the following are the 7 basic requirements to improve Disaster Response and Management life-cycle:

1. Information Management [IM] is a must for effective disaster response and monitoring; 2. Coordination among all stakeholders [both national and international] is of utmost importance to reduce redundancy and duplication in such critical situations – going beyond clusters and getting connected with local community representatives; 3. Appropriate logistic arrangements are critical for humanitarian relief and mitigation. However, it must be born in mind that logistic requirements drastically vary from disaster to disaster, based on its time, geography, and nature; 4. Disasters and Development are intimately connected. Its important that all disaster responders are aware of the long term implications of their actions of relief and early recovery; 5. It is important that we, as disaster responders, take full responsibility of self-accountability and transparency not only to the satisfaction of the government officials but the general public as well. Not-for-profit sector must be driven by a cause! 6. National, Regional, and International Public/ Private Partnerships [PPP] is the only way to

implement sustainable Disaster Risk Management [DRM] measures; 7. Media must be integrated in our response efforts. This vastly helps to disseminate the right information, minimize duplication of efforts, and make all stakeholders aware of your organization’s input/activities.

Pakistan Emergency Situation Analysis [PESA] is a series of District Profiles (DP), which is developed with the above-mentioned 7 basic requirements in focus. PESA DPs are one of the most effective iMMAP and its collaborating partners in Pakistan, which directly contribute to thousands of humanitarian relief providers’ effective emergency response and disaster management.

I can not conclude this note without thanking iMMAP Pakistan and Alhasan Systems team that has contributed tirelessly, under extreme emergency pressure, to consistently deliver their best on time, during the 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 ongoing floods, 2013 earthquake in Balochistan, and also this drought emergency in Tharparkar, Sindh.

I particularly wish to express my great appreciation for the relentless efforts of staff members of both organizations for their work with an exceptional dedication. This includes: Mr. Naeem Ahmad, Ms. Sumbal Kazmi, Mr. Sarfaraz Ayub Meher Din, Mr. Farooq Laghari, Mr. Qassim Jan, Mr. Muhammad Javed Iqbal, Mr. Muneeb Muzammil, Mr. Salman Mulk, Ms. Fatima Ali, Ms. Mahwish Muzamil, Mr. Zohaib Fazal, Dr. Ahmad Ali Malik, Ms. Fatima Gillani, Mr. Zeeshan Ahmad, Mr. Muhammad Shafique, Mr. Nouman Ali, Col. [R] Aftab Awan, Mr. Muhammad Akhtar, Mr. Hassan Ahmad, Mr. Saeed Ahmed Ch; Mr. Naseer Ahmad, Col. [R] Arshad Mahmood, Mr. Moeen Gillani, Mr. M. Zubair Iqbal, Mr. Musadiq Ali, Mr. Waqas Ahmad, and Mr. Muhammad Wajid our Admin & Logistics Officer.

Mehdi Bokhari Chief Technical Advisor

FORWARD

Timely response to a disaster may save precious human lives and reduce economic costs. However, natural disasters, typically, occur unexpectedly. Consequently, in most cases, the afflicted population lacks the necessary tools and capacity to handle such tragic occurrences and the devastation is manifold more than it should be.

“Before the next disaster hits, now is the time to recommit to making smart investments that save lives, property, and money. Whether at home or abroad, measures to improve response, increase disaster management capacity, plan and prepare, can have dramatic dividends.” (Kasey Channell: Acting Director of the Disaster Response Team for USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance.) It is so true, as preparation for unexpected calamities is a tough task. However, if certain precautions are taken, they might lessen the overall damage. This series of district profiles, prepared by iMMAP in claboration with its private sector partner Alhasan Systems, is one such effort under its COPDM project funded by USAID, to enhance Government of Pakistan, humanitarian organizations and all other stakeholders’ efforts towards rapid needs assessment, disaster response and mitigation.

These profiles are divided into four sections namely background information, disaster history and its impact, hazard vulnerability and capacity assessment (HVCA) and coordination and support services. Background information provides an overview of history, geography, culture, and communication infrastructure. It also provides detailed analyses of demography, livelihood, food security, health and education. The second section provides detailed history of disasters in the district; information about losses and damages; and gap analyses of above mentioned sectors. HVCA section provides detailed analyses of district hazards, vulnerabilities and capacities that exist in the local community. Coordination and support services section gives information on whom to contact in emergency/disaster situations. The motivation stems from the idea that at the time of disaster all the stakeholders in general and the donors and disaster managers in particular can have a fair idea of what to expect and how to prepare for. It is expected that this contribution of ours would lead to a well-coordinated and coherent response by different humanitarian organizations on managing similar disasters.

Having stated the above, it is very candidly admitted that these profiles are by no means exhaustive and in fact require a lot more input to qualify these as good enough documents for disaster preparedness. However, these are live documents and are continuously improved upon as and when required. There appears to be an element of repetition, which is owed to the fact that while these documents depict the district profiles in normal circumstances, the same then provide a detail account of the impact of the emergency assistance provided by the government and the humanitarian organizations and the remaining gaps. Due to time and resources constraints, the information provided in these profiles is mainly base on secondary source data. Depending on the end users’ response and funding availability, this exercise would be extended to other districts of the country.  Major (Retd) Tahir Iqbal iMMAP Pakistan

Table of Contents 1 Background Information 1.1 Introduction ...... 1 1.1.1 History ...... 1 1.1.2 Geography ...... 1 1.1.3 Culture (Ethnicity, Religion and Politics) ...... 2 1.1.4 Administrative Division ...... 2 1.1.5 Road Network Infrastructure ...... 3 1.1.6 Irrigation ...... 3 1.1.7 Solid Waste Management ...... 7 1.2 Demography ...... 8 1.2.1 Population Characteristics ...... 8 1.2.2 Population Growth Pattern ...... 9 1.2.3 Population Distribution by Age and Gender ...... 9 1.2.4 Dependent Population ...... 9 1.3 Livelihood ...... 12 1.3.1 Main Sources of Livelihood/Income ...... 12 1.3.2 Agriculture ...... 13 1.3.3 Industry ...... 14 1.3.4 Livestock ...... 14 1.4 Food Security ...... 15 1.4.1 Availability ...... 15 1.4.2 Access ...... 16 1.4.3 Utilization ...... 17 1.5 Health and Immunization ...... 18 1.5.1 Health Facilities ...... 18 1.5.2 Immunization ...... 18 1.6 Education ...... 20 1.6.1 Highlights ...... 20 1.6.2 Gender and Level Wise Details ...... 21 2 Disaster History and Its Impact 2.1 Disaster in District ...... 24 2.1.1 Disaster History ...... 24 2.1.2 Impact of Disaster on Demography ...... 27 2.1.3 Impact of Disaster on Livelihood & Agriculture ...... 27

2.1.4 Analysis of Food Security Situation ...... 28 2.1.5 Impact of Disaster on Health ...... 29 2.1.6 Impact of Disaster on Education ...... 29 3 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis 3.1 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis ...... 31 3.1.1 Hazard ...... 31 3.1.2 Vulnerability ...... 32 3.1.3 Capacity ...... 35 4 Sectoral DRR Mitigation Measures 4.1.1 Education ...... 38 4.1.2 Infrastructure ...... 39 4.1.3 Health ...... 40 4.1.4 Livelihood ...... 40 4.1.5 Food...... 41 4.1.6 Wash ...... 41 4.1.7 Government and Humanitarian Sector ...... 42 5 Coordination and Support Services 5.1 Important Contacts ...... 43

List of Tables Table 1.1-1: Administrative Division of District Mirpur Khas 2 Table 1.1-2: Mouzas Reporting Sources of Irrigation 4 Table 1.1-3: Irrigation by Type 4 Table 1.2-1: Estimated Population of District Mirpur Khas for 2014 8 Table 1.2-2: Taluka wise Population of the district 10 Table 1.2-3: Population of Union Council 10 Table 1.3-1: Number of Mouzas Reporting Sources of Employment 12 Table 1.3-2: Food and Cash Crops Cultivated in District Mirpur Khas 14 Table 1.3-3 :Livestock in District Mirpur Khas 14 Table 1.4-1: Number of Mouza Reporting Major Crops 15 Table 1.4-2: Distance of Mouzas from Wholesale Markets 16 Table 1.4-3: Percentage Distribution of HH by Source of Drinking Water 17 Table 1.4-4: Percentage Distribution of HH by Type of Toilet 17 Table 1.5-1: Number of Health Facilities by Type 18 Table 1.6-1: Gross and Net Enrolment Rates by Gender and Locality at Different Levels 21 Table 1.6-2: Enrolment and Educational Facilities by level and Gender 22 Table 2.1-1: Disaster History and Losses in Mirpur Khas 24 Table 2.1-2: Summary of Losses and Damages in Floods/Rains 2011 27 Table 2.1-3: Crop Loss and Area Damaged Due to Floods 2011 28 Table 2.1-4: Status of Damages of Health Facilities 2011 29 Table 2.1-5: Availability stock of Medicine, Equipment, Consumables and Vaccines 29

List of Maps 1: Reference Map ii 2: Irrigation System Map 5 3: Fresh Water Availability Map 6 4: Population Density Map 11 5: Health Facility Map 19 6: Education Facility Map 23 7: Risk Analysis Map 25 8: Possible Safe Locations Map 26

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n n of China WGS84 Kilometers 20 India DisputedTerritory IndianAdministered Gilgit Baltistan Part ofJammu & Kashmir Azad Kashmir September24, 2014 http://www.immap.org Capital Federal Territory Punjab Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on the part of the iMMAP, 10 FATA

Sindh 5 Education Facilities Health Facilities Settlements Roads Railway Branch Distry Feeder Minor Districtboundary boundaryTaluka Balochistan Afghanistan 0 ¼ ! | ' Legend IrrigationSystem Arabian Sea Arabian Sea Iran iMMAP_PAK_Mirpurkhas iMMAP_PAK_Mirpurkhas ReferenceMap_v02_240914 ¼ Map dataMap source(s): any opinion whatsoever HealthFacilities, Education Facilities. Alhasan Systems, or USAID concerning the legal Alhasan Systems Private Limited: Admin boundaries, Food World Program (WFP): Roads, Railway, AgencyNational(NGA): Geospatial Settlements authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its status of any country, territory, city or area or of its Sindh Irrigation and DrainageAuthority (SIDA): Rivers, frontiersor boundaries. Canals Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expressio Map DocName: CreationDate: Projection/Datum: Web Resources: ¼ ! ' Clinic Veterinary ¼ Bus Stand Pak Colony Railway Hospital ! ' Khipro-Sanghar Haji Urs Khaskheli Colony ¼ Gharibabad Baloch Colony AliMedicare General & & ChildrenHospital ¼ ¼ T.R Brass T.R Cotton Factory ! ' RabRazi Cotton Factory Lal Chand Colony ¼ Philo Mal Cotton Factory Isra University HospitalDiagnostic & Research Laboratory ¼ ! ' Turabad ¼ SindArid Zone Office Rajput Clinic ! ' ¼ ¼ ¼ D.B. Railway Zara Clinic ¼ ! ¼ ¼ ' Aziz Orthopedics & General Hospital ! Marvi Homeopathic Clinic ' ! ¼ Honey Clinic ' ! Al-rehman Homeopathic Clinic & Store ' ! ' Ahmadani Colony ! ' ! ! ' ' ! ¼ ¼ ' Dr Dr Masoom AliClinic Clinic Najma Clinic & Maternity Home ¼ ! ! ' ' Physiotherapy Center Store & ¼ Al-khair HealthCare Center Mughal Clinic ! ! Dr Dr Hma DragoMemorial ' ' ! College ! ' ' SajidShah Tomb jo ¼ ¼ ¼ ! ' Azka Clinic T h a r p a r k a r T h a r p a r k a r Ibn-i-Rashid Girls ! Farm Clinic ' ! ic ' t ¼ Taj HomeopathicTaj Mirpur Khas ¼ Ahmedani Clinic ! Bilal Clinic ' ¼ Quaid-i-Millat Road Sina Small Industries Puff Clinic ! Pakistan Beverage Ltd ' ! ¼ ! ! ' ' ' ! ¼ ' Rabia Memon Hospital ¼ ! ! ' ' Sir ¼ Mahar Cinema & & MaternityHome ¼ Khan Diabetic CareClinic Road Saiyid ! ¼ ! ! ' ¼ ' ' Center Aurangabad Station Road ! ' ¼ Shah Medical Hospital & & Consultant Clinic Ameen Diagnos ! ' U m e r k o t U m e r k o t Clinic ! ! ! ¼ ' ' ' ¼ Mushtaq ¼ ! Civil Hospital ' ! Fazl E Omer Medical ¼ ' ! MIRPURKHAS ' ! ' Jama Mosque Hirabad Gm Hospital Clinic Mir jo Plot Colony ! Sarwary Maternity Home Bukrat ! Herbal ' Shaheen Unani-o-homeo Clinic ¼ ' ¼ ! ' ¼ ! ' ! ! ! ' ' MssClinic ' Clinic

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Abbreviations ACO Agriculture Census Organization BHU Basic Health Unit CD/GD Civil Dispensary/Government Dispensary CFW Cash For Work DCR District Census Report DDRMP District Disaster Risk Management Plan ECP Election Commission of Pakistan FAO Food and Agricultural Organization GER Gross Enrolment Rate GOS Government of Sindh HH Household NADRA National Database and Registration Authority NDMA National Disaster Management Authority NDP National Drainage Program NER Net Enrolment Rate NFIs Non-Food Items NGO Non-Governmental Organization NHA National Highway Authority PBS Pakistan Bureau of Statistics PCO Population Census Organization PDMA Provincial Disaster Management Authority PLW Pregnant and Lactating Women PSLM Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey RHC Rural Health Centre RSU Reform Support Unit SDPI Sustainable Development Policy Institute SMCs School Member Committees SUPARCO Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission TRF Technical Resource Facility UC Union Council UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs WFP World Food Program WHO World Health Organization

DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 1

1 Background Information 1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 History District Mirpur Khas is an ancient city with a rich history. This region has seen the reign of different rulers. The region used to be a Buddhist settlement known as Kahoo Jo Daro. Some of the remaining Stupas (a dome-shaped structure erected as a Buddhist shrine) can still be seen in an archeological site of this district. After the conquest by the Arabs, under the command of Muhammad Bin Qasim, in 712 A.D, this region was controlled by the Muslim rulers. However, development in this region mainly started with the rule of Talpur dynasty (1773- 1843). The rulers of the Talpur dynasty used the title Mir (modified from the Arabic word Ameer meaning commander-in-chief). The town of Mirpur Khas was named after its founder Mir Ali Murad Talpur in 1806. Mirpur Khas remained capital of the Mirs of Talpur until 1843 when Sindh was annexed to the British India under the East India Company. When General Charles Napier attacked Sindh, Mir Sher Muhammad Talpur, the last Talpur ruler, resisted the British. His battle for the liberation of Sindh rendered him the title of 'the lion of Sindh'1. The British made Sindh part of the Bombay Presidency and built a communication network throughout the province. They administratively divided the province in to districts and sub- districts (talukas). They built roads, schools, dispensaries and many other civic amenities. Tharparker was made a district, comprising of Umerkot and Mirpur Khas towns. Umerkot was made the district's headquarters, while Mirpur Khas was ignored until the opening of the Jamrao Canal in 1900. This canal made Mirpur Khas stand out of the rest of the towns in the district. It was constituted as a municipality in 1901 and was made the district headquarters of district Tharparkar in 1906. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, because of its proximity with the Indian border, Mirpur Khas became the first city to welcome refugees from India to Pakistan. It acted as a primary railway junction for the first trains to come across Rajhistan to the Sindh province. In 1990, the district of Mirpur Khas was carved out of district Tharparkar and was given the status of a district2. 1.1.2 Geography District Mirpur Khas lies in 68o 59’ 3” to 69o 16’ 53” east longitudes and 24o 48’ 33” to 25o 48’ 7” north latitudes. This district is bounded by district Umerkot on the east, district

1 Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 17, Clarendon Press (Oxford 1908-1931), pp.365, (http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_371.gif) accessed on 04/03/2013 2 Population Welfare Department, Government of Sindh (http://www.pwdsindh.gov.pk/districts/Mirpurkhas.htm) accessed on 04/03/2012 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2

Sanghar on the north, district Tando Allahyar on the west, district Badin on the south-west and district Tharparkar & Badin on the south. The climate of the district is extreme, both in winters and summers. The summer heats are considerably neutralized by constant sea breeze from the south-west. The land structure of this district comprises of plane fertile lands suitable for agriculture. Due to a well-organized canal system, the whole district has water availability, resulting in the grasslands and irrigated crop lands. 1.1.3 Culture (Ethnicity, Religion and Politics) Mirpur Khas has a rich traditional Sindhi culture. Women usually wear Shalwar Qameez but quite often dress in the traditional attire, Ghaghra or Parro, as well. Traditionally, women wear bangles. Men usually wear a Shalwar Qameez distinguished by broader bottoms, and a traditional Sindhi cap. People of this district are pre-dominantly Sindhi speaking (62.5%) but a significant number of Urdu speaking population (25.9%) also resides here. Yet another 10.1% residents speak Punjabi.. Islam is the religion of majority in this district as 80.37% of the population is Muslim, followed by 17.7% Hindus and a small minority of Christians. Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) is the dominant political party of this district. Muttahida Quami Movement (MQM) and Pakistan Muslim League (PML-Q) are trying their best to make inroads in to the district’s politics but have yet to succeed. This district is represented by two National Assembly and four provincial assembly seats. In the general elections of 2008, Pakistan People’s party swept all the national Assembly seats and three out of the four provincial assembly seats3. 1.1.4 Administrative Division District Mirpur Khas has its district headquarters in Mirpur Khas city. This district has six talukas, named: Mirpur Khas, Sindhri, Digri, Hussain Bux Mari, Kot Ghulam Muhammad and Jhuddo. It has 41 union councils and 416 mouzas (revenue village). Out of the total mouzas, 398 are rural mouzas, 3 are urban and 15 are partly urban. Table 1.1-1: Administrative Division of District Mirpur Khas

Kanungo Number of Mouzas Patwar Circles/ Mirpur Khas Circles/ Supervisory Partly Un- Tapas Total Rural Urban Forest Tapas urban populated Mirpur Khas District 17 83 416 398 3 15 - - Mirpur Khas Taluka 2 10 48 43 1 4 - - Sindhri Taluka 3 18 74 74 - - - - Digri Taluka 3 12 71 67 - 4 - - Hussain Bux Mari Taluka 2 12 47 44 1 2 - -

3Election Commission of Pakistan (http://www2.ecp.gov.pk/vsite/complete/Search.aspx?constituency=NA&constituencyid=NA-226) accessed on 04/03/2013 DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 3

Kot Ghulam Muhammad 4 19 113 109 1 3 - - Jhuddo 3 12 63 61 - 2 - - Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh 2008, Agriculture Census Organization 1.1.5 Road Network Infrastructure Road network is considered as a vehicle for economic development and social change. Efficient road network not only develops a quick and efficient transportation system but also opens up new area hitherto remained closed. It brings about social integration among rural and urban sectors and greatly assist in accessibility to basic needs i.e. education, health facilities, etc. It brings rural areas in constant touch with urban segment of a society and creates better understanding necessary for social change and political awareness. Mirpur Khas district covers an area of 2,925 square kilometers yet it has only 716 kilometers of good quality roads, which are grossly inadequate for the area and its population4. A Provincial Highway connects Hyderabad with Mirpur Khas via Sultanabad, Tando Allahyar and Tando Jam. The district headquarter of Mirpur Khas is linked with its taluka Headquarters of Digri and Kot Ghulam Muhammad through metaled roads. Other important road links in Mirpur Khas district are given as under: x Road from Mirpur Khas to Umerkot via Jamrao, Akri, Sufi Fakir and Mori x Road from Mirpur Khas to Badin via Mirwah Gorchani Digri and Tando Bago x Road from Mirpur Khas to Mithi via Digri, Tando Jan Muhammad, Jhudo and Nau Kot x Road from Mirpur Khas to Sanghar via "Kahoo Jo Daro" and Sindhri x Road Kot Ghulam Muhammad to Mirwah Gorch 1.1.6 Irrigation The district has a well-established canal irrigation system. With the opening of Jamrao canal in the British era, the importance of this district increased significantly. Jamrao canal originates from the right bank of Nara canal and serves an area of about 935,000 acres. Two major canals i.e., Jamrao canal, West Branch Canal, and their distributaries irrigate district Mirpur Khas. In this district, there are four distributaries, two minor and thirty-four outlets5 directly drawing water from Jamrao canal. The West Branch Canal is the largest offshoot of Jamrao Canal having a design capacity of 900 cusecs to serve the cultivable area of 230,800 acres. The water distribution system of West Branch Canal consists of two distributaries, three minors and sixty- two outlets drawing water directly from the west branch6. As the table 1.1.2 shows almost all of the mouzas in this district are irrigated through canals. Out of the 413 rural mouzas, 412 are irrigated with the help of canals.

4 Sindh Development Statistics, (2008), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), pp.262 5 Distributaries are the small canals/streams emanating from the major canals. Minors and outlets are offshoots of distributaries. 6 Hakeem et al (1998), “Physical Characteristics and Operational Performance of Mirpur Khas Sub-division, Jamrao Canal Division, Nara Circle, Sindh Province, Pakistan”, International Irrigation Management Institute, Hyderabad Office BACKGROUND INFORMATION 4

Table 1.1-2: Mouzas Reporting Sources of Irrigation

NUMBERS OF MOUZAS REPORTING SOURCE OF IRRIGATION RURAL TUBEW SPRING/ ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT POPULATED RIV RAVIN ARID(BAR FLOODING/ CANAL ELL/WE STREAM/ MOUZAS ER E ANI) TORRENT LL KAREZ Mirpur Khas Number 413 412 12 1 - 1 2 - District Percent 100 100 3 Mirpur Khas Number 47 47 ------Taluka Percent 100 100 Number 74 74 6 - - - 1 - Sindhri Taluka Percent 100 100 8 1 Number 71 70 4 - - - 1 - Digri Taluka Percent 100 99 6 1 Hussain Bux Number 46 46 ------Mari Taluka Percent 100 100 Kot Ghulam Number 112 112 ------Muhammad Percent 100 100 Taluka Number 63 63 2 1 - 1 - - Jhuddo Taluka Percent 100 100 3 2 2 Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh 2008, Agriculture Census Organization In the year 2008-09, 100% of the total sown area was irrigated through canals and tube wells. During the period from 2008-09 to 2009-10, there was a 7% decrease in the canal irrigated area. The table below gives information regarding sources of irrigation in the district. Table 1.1-3: Irrigation by Type

Irrigation Type 2008-09 2009-10 Canal 140,171 130,720 Tube well 5,150 5,039 Well - - Total Irrigated Area 145,321 135,759 Un-Irrigated 8,210 15,050 Total Sown Area 153,531 150,809 Source: Sindh Development stats 2011, Table 4.36 DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 5 WGS84 China Kilometers India 20 DisputedTerritory IndianAdministered September 24, 2014 Part of Jammu Kashmir& http://www.immap.org Azad Kashmir Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Punjab 10 FATA Sindh 5 Branch Distry Feeder Minor Canals boundary District boundary Taluka areas Artificial areas Bare Grassland croplands Irrigated Croplands/Vegetation Mosaic croplands Rainfed cerning thelegal statusof anycountry, territory, city Afghanistan n Balochistan 0 | iMMAP_PAK_MirpurkhasIrrigation SystemMap_v02_240914 Arabian SeaArabian Iran Legend Irrigation System Cover Land or areaor of its authorities, or concerning thedelimitation of its frontiersor boundaries. Map datasource(s): AlhasanSystems Private Limited:Admin boundaries, Sindh Irrigation and System Drainage Authority (SIDA) GlobalLand : Cover 2009: Irrigations Land Cover Disclaimers: The designations employed and on the presentation thisof material mapwhatsoever on the do part of USAID co the not iMMAP, Alhasan Systems, imply or the expression of any opinion Map Doc Name: Creation Date: Projection/Datum: Web Resources: 2: Irrigation System Map T h a r p a r k a r T h a r p a r k a r

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BADIN 6 Sindh- Mirpurkhas Fresh Water Availability Map T. AYAR T. T. M T. KHAN BADIN MATIARI HYDERABAD DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 7

1.1.7 Solid Waste Management “Solid Waste Management (SWM) is the generation, separation, collection, transfer, transportation and disposal of waste in a way that takes into account public health, economics, conservation, aesthetics, and the environment, and is responsive to public demands.”7 There is no Solid Waste Management scheme reported in the district.

7 Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science Environ Occup Sci 2012; 1(2):129-131 DEMOGRAPHY 8

1.2 Demography

1.2.1 Population Characteristics In Pakistan, male population is more than the female population and is among those four countries where life expectancy for females, at birth, is less than that of males8. Sex ratio in district Mirpur Khas is 108 males per 100 females, which is more than the ratio at the national level that is 1069. Though there could be other possible reasons for such a difference in male to female ratio, one probable reason of this ratio could be underreporting of females during national surveys. Besides, a very high maternal mortality rate and poor health care at the district and provincial level are likely to be instrumental for this difference. District Mirpur Khas, like majority of the other districts in Sindh, is rural by its characteristics. A majority of the population i.e. 67 % resides in rural areas as compared to the 33 percent that resides in the urban areas. Table 1.2-1: Estimated Population of District Mirpur Khas for 2014

TOTAL RURAL URBAN AGE GROUP BOTH BOTH BOTH (IN YEARS) MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE SEXES SEXES SEXES

ALL AGES 1,592,981 828,367 764,613 1,065,158 555,359 509,799 527,823 273,008 254,814 00-04 251,285 127,850 123,435 180,211 91,638 88,573 71,074 36,212 34,862 5-9 260,909 136,742 124,166 182,772 96,493 86,279 78,137 40,249 37,888 10-14 205,889 110,669 95,220 132,841 72,917 59,924 73,048 37,752 35,296 15-19 159,930 82,243 77,687 99,080 51,283 47,796 60,851 30,960 29,891 20-24 148,889 73,507 75,382 98,768 48,399 50,369 50,121 25,108 25,013 25-29 126,843 66,143 60,699 85,064 44,285 40,779 41,779 21,858 19,921 30-34 98,109 53,720 44,389 63,015 34,631 28,384 35,094 19,089 16,005 35-39 69,307 36,894 32,412 43,284 22,773 20,512 26,022 14,122 11,901 40-44 68,324 33,953 34,371 44,155 21,778 22,377 24,169 12,175 11,994 45-49 53,662 28,023 25,639 35,896 18,660 17,236 17,767 9,363 8,403 50-54 47,003 24,846 22,157 31,111 16,567 14,544 15,892 8,278 7,614 55-59 30,712 16,900 13,812 19,905 10,909 8,996 10,807 5,991 4,816 60-64 28,141 14,551 13,591 19,049 9,959 9,089 9,093 4,591 4,501 65-69 15,776 8,324 7,452 10,079 5,273 4,806 5,697 3,051 2,646 70-74 14,171 7,206 6,965 9,931 4,960 4,971 4,239 2,245 1,994 75 & ABOVE 14,030 6,794 7,236 9,998 4,832 5,166 4,032 1,962 2,070 Source: Population against different age groups estimated on the basis of Mirpur Khas Census Report 1998

8 A profile for District Mirpur Khas: 2009, South-Asia Partnership Pakistan http://www.sappk.org/district- profiles-with-focus-on-livelihood-related-issues-0 retrieved on 05-03-2012 9 Labour Force Survey 2010-11: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 9

Growth Pattern 1.2.2 Population Growth Pattern 1,800,000 In 1998, the total population of the district 1,500,000 was 1,026,832. Population of District 10 Mirpur Khas has an estimated growth rate 1,200,000 1,592,981 1,549,748

of 2.72% per annum, which means that the 1,507,702 1,466,811

900,000 1,427,041 11 1,388,363 1,350,746

population will double itself in 25.48 years 1,314,160 1,278,577 1,243,968 1,210,308 1,177,569 1,145,727

from 1998. 45.08 percent of the population 600,000 1,114,755 1,084,631 1,055,331 is below 15 years of age and 2.76 percent is 1,026,832 65 years or above. The estimated 300,000 population for 2014 is 1,592,981, showing a - 36% increase in 16 years from 1998. 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

75+ 6,794 7,236 70-74 7,206 6,965 MALE 1.2.3 Population Distribution by 65-69 8,324 7,452 FEMALE 60-64 14,551 13,591 Age and Gender 55-59 16,900 13,812 50-54 24,846 22,157 Out of the total population, 52 percent are 45-49 28,023 25,639 males and 48 percent are females. Largest 40-44 33,953 34,371 cohort of population is 5-9 years, which 35-39 36,894 32,412 30-34 53,720 44,389 decreases with 5 years interval. Total 25-29 66,143 60,699 population in this cohort is 231,038. 20-24 73,507 75,382 15-19 82,243 77,687 Except in the age groups of 20-24, 40-44, 10-14 110,669 95,220 and 75+, in all the rest of the age groups, 5-9 136,742 124,166 male population outnumbers female 1-4 127,850 123,435 population. Dependant Population 1.2.4 Dependent Population The economically dependent population is considered to be the population that is less than 15 years and more than 65 years of age. In addition to them, widowed, and/or Depende Labour divorced women are also considered nt 48% Force dependent population. Dependent 52% population in the case of Mirpur Khas district is 48 percent of the total population and the working population is 52 percent, which shows that dependency ratio12 in the district is 92 percent.

10 Estimated using 2010 population estimates from Gridded Population of World (GPW) 3 data set 11 Rule of 70 http://controlgrowth.org/double.htm retrieved on 05-03-2012 12 Dependency Ratio= (Population < 15 Years + Population > 65 Years)/ Population 15-65 Years DEMOGRAPHY 10

Table 1.2-2: Taluka wise Population of the district

Taluka Population Male Female Pop Sex Average Estimated Density Ratio HH Size HHs Digri Taluka 294,321 153,050 141,271 488 108 5.9 49,885 Kot Ghulam Muhammad 387,778 201,649 186,129 491 108 5.6 69,246 Mirpur Khas Taluka 198,162 103,046 95,116 395 108 6.4 30,963 Sindhri 266,994 138,840 128,154 459 108 6.1 43,769 Jhudo 294,008 152,887 141,121 530 108 6.1 48,198 Hussain Bux Mari 151,718 78,895 72,823 488 108 6.1 24,872 Total 1,592,981 828,367 764,613 477 108 6.0 266,933 Source: Estimated using Table 1 of Census 1998 Table 1.2-3: Population of Union Council

Taluka Union council 2014 Taluka Union council 2014 Digri Digri 40,489 Mirpur Khas Makhan Samo 44,149 Digri Kangoro 50,641 Mirpur Khas Doulatpur 58,782 Digri Mir Khuda Bux 51,407 Mirpur Khas Jhaloori 46,920 Digri Paban 47,173 Mirpur Khas Mirwah 48,311 Digri Soofan Shah 51,776 Total 198,162 Digri Tando JanMuhammad 52,835 Hussain BuxMari Khann 40,912.29 Total 294,321 Hussain BuxMari Mirpur Old 65,642.84 Jhudo Jhudo 40,526 Hussain BuxMari Turik Ali Mari 45,163.25 Jhudo DilawarHussain 50,539 Total 151,718 Jhudo FazalBhanbhiro 45,532 Sindhri Kheerao 48,937.87 Jhudo Roshanabad 48,336 Sindhri Ismail Jo Goath 42,406.42 Jhudo Naukot 49,563 Sindhri Baloachabad 36,724.49 Jhudo Aahori 59,512 Sindhri Girhore Sharief 41,255.78 Total 294,008 Sindhri Phulhadyon 45,933.98 Kot GhulamMuhammad Kot GhulamMuhammad 35,629.60 Sindhri Hingorino 51,735.19 Kot GhulamMuhammad Bhurgri 48,542 Total 266,994 Kot GhulamMuhammad Dengan 48,620 Grand Totl 1,592,981 Kot GhulamMuhammad Jawaryasar 50,580 Kot GhulamMuhammad Haji Hadi Bux 55,114 Kot GhulamMuhammad Khudadad 50,2460 Kot GhulamMuhammad Mir GhulamHussain 54,037 Kot GhulamMuhammad Mir Imam Bux 45,006 Total 387,778 DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 11 Nepal Nepal 28 09 14 WGS 1984 China Aksai Chin China/India Systems, or n http://www.immap.org India Jammu Kashmir DisputedTerritory Jammu andKashmir (India) AJK Gilgit Baltistan- Tajikistan Punjab Kilometers Islamabad 10 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa FATA Pakistan Sindh 5 Uzbekistan Balochistan Afghanistan MAP_Pakistan_Mirpurkhas Population Denisty Map_A4L_140928 Settlements Boundary Tehsil River River Indus Boundary District ProvincialBoundary Boundary International 121536 121537 173966- 173967 213103- 213104 257569- 257570 325111 - iM Road Network 0 Arabian Sea | Turkmenistan ! Legend Population Density Range an Map DocName: Creation Date: Projection/Datum: Web Resources: Oman Map datasource(s): Alhasan Pvt Limted (AdminBoundaries,Education, Health USAID concerning the legal status of any country, territory, Facilities), National Geo Spatial Agency (Settlements),PCO city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the (Road Network,Population Data. Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentation of material delimitation of its frontiers orboundaries. on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the iMMAP, Alhasa ran (Islamic Republic of) Oman I Om Turkmenistan 48,198 266,933 Estimated HHs

4: Population6 Density Map 6.1 Estiamted Population 2014 HH Size Average 108 THARPARKAR 828,367 764,613 477 294,008 152,887 141,121 530 108 266,994 138,840 128,154 459 108 6.1 43,769 198,162 103,046 95,116 395 108 6.4 30,963 151,718 78,895 72,823 488 108 6.1 24,872 294,321 153,050 141,271 488 108 5.9 49,885 1,592,981 Population Male Female Density Pop Sex Ratio UMERKOT Taluka !!! Jhudo Sindhri Mirpur Khas Taluka Total Kot Ghulam Muhammad Taluka 387,778 201,649 186,129 491 108 5.6 69,246 Digri Taluka Hussain Bux Mari ! !! SANGHAR ! JHUDO ! !! !! !! ! ! ! !!! Date (SeptemberDate 2014) !! !! ! KOT GHULAM KOT MUHAMMAD !!! !!!! ! ! !! ! MIRPURKHAS ! ! SINDHRI ! ! ! DIGRI ! !! !! Sindh- Mirpurkhas Population DensityMap !!! ! !! ! ! ! MIRPURKHAS ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! ! BADIN !! ! ! !! ! ! ! HUSSAIN BUX BUX MARI ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !!! ! !! T. AYAR T. T. M T. KHAN HAN T. M T. K LIVELIHOOD 12

1.3 Livelihood

1.3.1 Main Sources of Livelihood/Income District Mirpur Khas is pre-dominantly rural and the sources of livelihood are less diversified for the resident population. Taluka Mirpur Khas, due to its urban nature and industrial units, has a relatively better economic environment. The rest of the five talukas are rural and dependent on agriculture for livelihood opportunities. Although, poverty is chronically prevalent in the entire district, the incidence of poverty is relatively less in Mirpur Khas taluka as compared to the other talukas13. The following table shows the number of mouzas reporting sources of employment in district Mirpur Khas. Majority of the male population is associated with agriculture (in 66% of rural mouzas) followed by labor (in 16% of rural mouzas). While in the category of some, services sector, personal business and labor are frequent in male population. Given the cultural trait of Sindh and rural areas, where women actively work side by side with the men, the female participation in economic activity is reasonable in this district, as 182 mouzas (44%) have reported that women are also engaged in agriculture. In the category of some, 54% of the mouzas have reported women working as laborers. Table 1.3-1: Number of Mouzas Reporting Sources of Employment

Personal Overseas Gender Quantification Service Agriculture Trade Industry Labour Business Employment Mostly 13 274 2 2 4 - 69 Male Some 264 129 54 24 229 8 289 None 136 10 357 387 180 405 55 Mostly 1 182 1 1 2 - 84 Female Some 136 165 16 15 126 3 226 None 276 66 396 397 285 410 103 Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh: 2008, Agriculture Census Organization The categories under which these mouzas have reported against different livelihood sources are: ͻ Mostly: population of 50 percent and above ͻ Some: population between 1 percent and 50 percent ͻ None: less than or equal to 1 percent

13 Report on Tranche Condition (2006), District Government Mirpur Khas, Sindh Devolved Social Services Program (SDSSP), Government of Sindh (http://www.fdsindh.gov.pk/sdssp/TMA%20-%20Mirpurkhas%20- %20%20LSU%20Assessment%20Report%20D_i_.pdf) accessed on 04/03/2013 DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 13

1.3.2 Agriculture Agriculture sector plays a significant role in the overall economic performance of Pakistan. Currently, this sector provides employment opportunities to 45% of the labor force in Pakistan. This sector provides sources of livelihood to 60% of the population in the rural areas (Nonetheless, three out of four poor people live in rural areas in developing countries14). Agriculture contributes 21% to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Pakistan15. . Mirpur Khas contributes significantly in agriculture sector of Sindh because its climate is suitable for production of various food items including the Kharif crops of maize, rice, sugarcane, cotton and bajra and Rabi crops of wheat, barley, Gram and barseen. In addition to these, fruit orchards are abundant in this district. Mouza statistics have reported that fruit orchards are widespread in 67% of the mouzas16. This district is famous, all over Pakistan, for its mangoes. The total reported area of the district is 353,000 hectares, out of which 317,000 hectares (90%) are cultivated. Within the cultivable area, 151,000 hectares are net sown17 whereas 166,000 hectares are currently fallow lands18. The remaining 10% of the total reported area is un- cultivated; out of which 14,000 hectares are not available for cultivation and 20,000 of the area is culturable waste19. Table 1.3.2: Land Utilization Statistics of District Mirpur Khas (000 Hectares) Mirpur Khas Area Reported Area 353 Total 317 Current Fallow 166 Cultivated/Cropped Area Net Sown 151 Area Sown more than once 36 Total cropped area 187 Culturable20 Waste 20 Un-cultivated Area Forest 1 Not available for Cultivation 14 Source: Sindh Development Statistics (2011)

14 Agriculture for Development, (2008), World Development Report (WDR-2008), the World Bank 15 Economic Survey of Pakistan (2011-12), Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan 16 Sindh Mouza Statistics, (2008), Agriculture Census Organization, Government of Pakistan pp.80 17 Net Area Sown means the area which has been sown at least once in a year. It will include areas under crops, fruits, vegetables etc. 18 Current Fallow means the part of the cultivated area which has not been used for cropping during the year under reference but for which the total vacant period does not exceed three crop seasons. 19 Sindh Development Statistics, (2008), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) 20 Culturable waste means all cultivable land not actually cultivated. It should include all grazing and other land not included under forest. Sindh Development Statistics 2008, pp 81. LIVELIHOOD 14

Area sown and production of food and cash crops in 2009-10 are reported in the Table 1.3-2 Table 1.3-2: Food and Cash Crops Cultivated in District Mirpur Khas

Area Sown in 2009-10 Production in 2009-10 Area Sown in 2010-11 Type Crop (000 Hectares) (000 Tonnes) (Acres) FAO Wheat 64 228.19 - Food Rice 1.2 3.2 3,074 Sugarcane 10.7 661.5 31,224 Cash Cotton 40 273.3 101,504 Source: Sindh Development Statistics (2011) 1.3.3 Industry Industries in Mirpur Khas are mainly associated with agriculture. The famous among these are the sugar mills since sugarcane is cultivated on large scale in this district. In the census of manufacturing industries 2000-01, 18 industries were reported in this district with a total asset value at 1.6 billion rupees in that year. These industries reported a daily employment of 2,899 persons in 2000-0121. Most of these industries are situated in Mirpur Khas taluka. These include sugar mills, cotton factories and flour mills. 1.3.4 Livestock Livestock sector maintains a unique position within the agriculture sector of Pakistan. It contributes 55.91 percent of agriculture value addition22. It also contributes 9% to the GDP of Pakistan23. Besides, this sector provides foreign earnings, dairy products’ needs, food security and daily cash income to the people of Pakistan. It helps to reduce the income inequalities, especially in case of emergencies (floods, crop failure). Hence this sector is considered as the most secure source of livelihood for small farmers and landless poor. The share of Sindh province in livestock population of Pakistan is 20%. The livestock population of district Mirpur Khas is given in the following table. Table 1.3-3 : Livestock in District Mirpur Khas

Livestock Population Cattle 202,000 Buffalo 234,000 Sheep 68,000 Goat 666,000 Camel 3,000 Horse 1,000 Mule 246 Ass 15,000 Domestic Poultry 365,000 Source: Livestock Census (2006)

21 Sindh Mouza Statistics, (2008), Agriculture Census Organization, Government of Pakistan pp. 159 22 Highlights of Pakistan Economic Survey 2013-14. http://finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_14/Highlights_ES_201314.pdf 23 Economic Survey of Pakistan (2011-12), Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 15

1.4 Food Security Food security can be broadly divided into four components24: x Availability of food in terms of sufficient quantity available through domestic production or imports x Access to adequate resources given the socio-political and economic arrangements of the community x Utilization Refers to the body’s ability to make use of the nutrients provided. This requires clean water sanitation and health care x Stability includes an all-time access and utilization of food without any fear of losing it due to any shock (natural calamity, economic shock). This component points out to sustainability of food in an area. 1.4.1 Availability Wheat along with other crops like cotton, maize and sugarcane is produced in most of the rural mouzas of district Mirpur Khas. Besides, vegetables and fruits are also produced in the district. As the following table shows, wheat and rice are cropped in 98% and 5% of the mouzas respectively. Wheat is dominant among food crops cultivated in this district. The table below also shows the cultivation of cash crops in the district i.e. cotton and sugarcane that are cropped in 98% and 94% of the mouzas respectively. The overall crop based food production is in deficit in Mirpur Khas district. Table 1.4-1: Number of Mouza Reporting Major Crops

NUMBERS OF MOUZAS REPORTING MAJOR CROPS ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT WHEAT RICE COTTON SUGARCANE MAIZE PULSES ORCHARDS VEGETABLES Mirpur Khas District 409 22 410 394 222 62 280 243 Mirpur Khas Taluka 47 - 47 44 8 3 42 13 Sindhri Taluka 74 15 74 67 19 4 27 32 Digri Taluka 71 1 71 71 65 15 69 67 Hussain Bux Mari Taluka 46 1 45 43 13 - 15 5 Kot Ghulam Muhammad Taluka 108 4 110 108 57 11 89 81 Jhuddo Taluka 63 1 63 61 60 29 38 45 Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh: 2008, Agriculture Census Organization Food availability not only depends on the obtainability of wheat but also depends on other cereals like maize etc. As far as cereal food is concerned, this district is producing surplus food for its food requirements. In addition to cereals, animal based food (meat, milk, milk products) availability is also important for total food availability, which is sufficiently produced in the district. Combining both the crop based and animal based food production, district Mirpur Khas falls short in food production25. But the trade and economic activities of this district ensure the availability of food through imports from neighboring districts.

24 Define by Food & Agriculture Organization 25 ibid FOOD SECURITY 16

1.4.2 Access Per capita availability of food items alone is not a reliable indicator of food security. If the available food is socio-economically not accessible to the masses, it cannot make a society food secure. The income level of a household (HH) reflects access to food, capacity of consumption and even food poverty. Average monthly income of a household in this district is less than Rs.11, 000/- which is considered as extremely low26. Child dependency (ratio between children and household members in economically active age group) is one of the limiting factors in meeting the daily needs of households and is an important indicator to measure access to food. The increased dependency ratio caused exacerbation in the spending of the household on child care and food, which results in per capita reduction of socio-economic access to food. Child dependency ratio is very high in this district. The share of household expenditures on food is 61.8% of the total income in Sindh. So the inadequate level of income, high food expenditures, high child dependency and high inflation (particularly food inflation) hinders access to food27. The table below shows physical access to food in district Mirpur Khas by providing distances of different mouzas from the wholesale markets. Average distance from the fruit and vegetable markets of a mouza is 14 and 15 kilometres respectively, whereas the distance from the grain market is 10 kilometres. Such long distances impede access to food Table 1.4-2: Distance of Mouzas from Wholesale Markets

Overall Mouzas by Distance (in Kilometres) by Facility Rural Mean Type of facility Populated Less 51 & Distance 1 -10 11 – 25 26 – 50 Mouzas Than 1 Above (KM) Number 413 13 9 198 183 23 - Livestock Market Percent 100 2 48 44 6 Number 413 13 14 189 185 25 - Grains Market Percent 100 3 46 45 6 Number 413 14 10 175 194 34 - Fruit Market Percent 100 2 42 47 8 Number 413 15 10 178 190 34 1 Vegetable Market Percent 100 2 43 46 8 Number 413 13 10 195 187 20 1 Govt. Procurement Centre Percent 100 2 47 45 5 Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh: 2008, Agriculture Census Organization

26 Food Insecurity in Pakistan (2009), Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Islamabad 27 Ibid DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 17

1.4.3 Utilization In addition to food availability and access, proper assimilation of food in the body is essential. Food utilization and stability depicts this absorption of food and its sustainability. Improved sanitation facility, clean drinking water, health infrastructure and individual health status along with female literacy play vital role in food absorption. According to the Food Security Analysis (FSA) 2009, access to clean drinking water is extremely low in this district28. Table 1.4-3: Percentage Distribution of HH by Source of Drinking Water

Mirpur Khas Water Delivery System Tap Water Hand Pump Motor Pump Dug Well Other Total 35 28 7 1 29 Urban 79 7 13 1 1 Rural 20 36 5 0 39 Source: PSLM 2012-13 Sanitation conditions in district Mirpur Khas are relatively poor where only 46% of the households use flush toilets and 38% of the households have non-flush toilets. The sanitation facility is comparatively worse in rural areas of the district and the female literacy rate is 46% only. Table 1.4-4: Percentage Distribution of HH by Type of Toilet

Flush Non-Flush No Toilet Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total 94 30 46 4 50 38 2 20 15 Source: PSLM 2012-13 In a nutshell, this district has sufficient availability of food, poor socio-economic access, and relatively poor food utilization environment. Combining all the indicators of food security i.e. availability, access, utilization and stability; district Mirpur Khas is at the borderline offood security.

28 Food Insecurity in Pakistan (2009), Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Islamabad HEALTH AND IMMUNIZATION 18

1.5 Health and Immunization

1.5.1 Health Facilities The total number of public sector health facilities in district Mirpur Khas is 9429. There is one District Headquarter hospital and two tehsil headquarter hospitals with a capacity of 264 and 52 beds respectively. These health facilities are sufficient for only 30% of the estimated 2014 population of the district30. Table 1.5.1 shows the details of these health facilities. Table 1.5-1: Number of Health Facilities by Type

Type Number Bed Strength Teaching Hospitals 0 0 District headquarter hospital 1 264 Tehsil headquarter hospitals 2 52 Rural health centres 6 60 Basic Health units 38 76 Govt. Rural Dispensaries 34 - MCH centres 12 - Sub health centres 1 - Grand Total 94 376 Source: Health Facility Assessment, District Mirpur Khas 2012, Annex 1, Table 2.1 1.5.2 Immunization Immunization coverage estimates are used to monitor immunization services, and to guide disease eradication and elimination efforts. This indicator is the measure of the percentage of children of age 12-23 months, who have received all the 80 doses of BCG vaccine, three doses of polio & pentavalent 70 vaccines and 1 dose of measles vaccine in a given year. 60 50 40 Urban In district Mirpur Khas, around 36% pregnant women have 30 Rural received tetanus toxoid injections. In urban areas this 20 10 Total percentage is 63% and in rural areas it is 28%31. Record 0

32 BCG based immunization data of district Mirpur Khas shows DPT1 DPT2 DPT3 POLIO1 POLIO2 POLIO3 that 39% (Male 41%: Female 37%) of the children aged 12- MEASLES 23 months have received full immunization. In the urban areas this percentage is 68 percent (Male 69%: Female 67%) and in the rural areas it is 31% (Male 33%: Female 30%). The corresponding graph shows the percentage of children of 12-23 months that have been immunized by the type of Antigen based on records33.

29 Health Facility Assessment 2012 (HFA) by Technical Resource Facility (TRF) http://115.186.137.115/reports/hfa/sindh/HFA-Mirpur Khas.pdf 30 WHO Standard is 2 health facilities and 25 beds per 10,000 people. 31 Table 3.11, Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM)2012-2013 32 Table 3.4 (b) Based on record: Children who reported having received full immunization who also have an immunization card, expressed as a percentage of all children aged 12-23 months. Also immunizations to be classed as fully immunized a child must have received: ‘BCG’, ‘DPT1’, ‘DPT2’, ‘DPT3’, ‘Polio1’, ‘Polio2’ 33 Table 3.5: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM)2010-2011 DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 19 Nepal Nepal 27 09 14 WGS 1984 China Aksai Chin China/India Systems, or http://www.immap.org India Jammu Kashmir DisputedTerritory Jammu andKashmir (India) AJK Gilgit Baltistan- Tajikistan Punjab Kilometers Islamabad 10 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa FATA Pakistan Sindh 5 Uzbekistan MAP_Pakistan_Mirpurkhas Health Facilities Map_A4L_140927 Balochistan Afghanistan iM Tehsil BoundaryTehsil RiverIndus District Boundary Provincial Boundary InternationalBoundary 0 GENERAL HOSPITALS RURAL HEALTH CENTER BASIC HEALTH UNIT CHILDREN HOSPITAL MATERNITY HOME HOMEOPATHIC DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE DISPENSARY CLINICDENTAL GENERAL PHYSICIAN MEDICAL STORES SPECIALIST ROUTINETEST LABORATORIES VETERINARY Road Network Arabian Sea | Turkmenistan ! % ! ( # * " ) ¥ ¢ I < G ® v Æ P Æ P Æ P Legend Map DocName: Creation Date: Projection/Datum: Web Resources: Oman Map datasource(s): Alhasan Pvt Limted (AdminBoundaries,Education, Road USAID concerning the legal status of any country, territory, Network & Health Facilities), (Settlements),PCONational (RoadGeo Network) Spatial Agency Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentation of material city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion delimitation of its frontiers orboundaries. whatsoever on the part of the iMMAP, Alhasan Oman Iran (Islamic Republic of) Oman Turkmenistan BUX MARI HUSSAIN

5: Health Facility Map THARPARKAR MIRPURKHAS MIRPURKHAS UMERKOT SANGHAR JHUDO Date (SeptemberDate 2014) KOT GHULAM KOT MUHAMMAD

Sindh- Mirpurkhas HealthFacilities Map SINDHRI MIRPURKHAS DIGRI MIRPURKHAS HUSSAIN BUX BUX MARI BADIN T. AYAR T. T. M T. KHAN EDUCATION 20

1.6 Education

1.6.1 Highlights Literacy Rate (10 years and above) 46% Adult Literacy Rate (15 years and above) 45% GPI Primary 0.55 GPI Middle 0.61 GPI Secondary 0.66 GPI Higher Secondary 0.78 Population that has ever attended School 43% Male 55% Female 28% Population that has completed primary level or higher 36% Male 46% Female 24% Student Teacher Ratio 28 Primary 27 Middle 26 Secondary 28 Higher Secondary 34

Source: District Education Profile Mirpur Khas 2012-13, Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2012-13 District School Enrolment Ratio The education status is quite poor in district Mirpur Khas. The overall literacy rate (for the population of 10 years and above) is 46%; for male it is 61% and for female it is 27%. For the urban rural comparison, urban literacy rate is higher than the rural, which is 71% (male: 82% and female: 59%); whereas the rural literacy rate is 35% (male: 52% and female: 13%). Adult literacy rate (for the population of 15 years and above) is 45 %. Gross Enrollment Rate34 (GER) at the primary level in Mirpur Khas is 65% (Male: 75%, Female: 54%), in urban community it is 108% (Male: 112%, Female: 103%) and in rural community it is 54% (Male: 65%, Female: 40%). Net Enrollment rate35 (NER) at the primary level in district Mirpur Khas is 46% (Male: 50%, Female: 41%), in urban community it is 75% (Male: 80%, Female: 79%) and in rural community it is 38% (Male: 41%, Female: 33%). Table 1.6.1 shows details of Gross and Net Enrolment Rates by Rural, Urban and Gender at different levels.

34 Total enrolment in a specific level of education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the eligible official school-age population corresponding to the same level of education in a given school year. 35 Enrolment of the official age group for a given level of education expressed as a percentage of the corresponding population. DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 21

Table 1.6-1: Gross and Net Enrolment Rates by Gender and Locality at Different Levels

Urban/ Rural/ Gross Enrolment Rates Net Enrolment Rates District Gender Middle Matric Primary Middle Matric Primary Group (5-9) Group (10-12) Group (13-14) Group (5-9) Group (10-12) Group (13-14) Male 112% 91% 63% 80% 40% 17% Urban Female 103% 68% 67% 69% 35% 19% Total 108% 81% 64% 75% 38% 17% Male 65% 37% 39% 41% 11% 4% Rural Female 40% 13% 22% 33% 8% 4% Total 54% 17% 32% 38% 9% 4% Male 75% 49% 47% 50% 17% 8% Total Female 54% 25% 34% 41% 14% 7% Total 65% 38% 42% 46% 15% 8% Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2012-13 1.6.2 Gender and Level Wise Details The total enrollment of students, in the government schools of district Mirpur Khas, is 153,657 (Male: 96,675 and Female: 56,942). Out of a total of 5,489 teachers, 3,867 are male and 1,622 are female teachers. This illustrates that one teacher is teaching averagely 28 students. The total boys’ schools of District Mirpur Khas are 501, and the total female schools are 359. Besides, there are 1,335 mixed gender schools. Thus, the total number of schools is 2,195 and averagely every school has an enrolment of 70 students and a teaching staff of around 336. Primary The total number of primary level schools, that are reported, is 1,993 and the total enrollment at the primary level is 106,347 (Male: 68,768 and Female: 37,579). Total number of teachers, at the primary level, is 3,879, out of which 2,817 are male and 1,062 are female teachers. Thus, on an average, each primary school has an enrolment of 53 students with a teaching staff of 2. However, the student class ratio is 34 and each school has averagely around 2 class rooms. Middle There are a total of 118 middle schools reported. Total enrollment, at the middle level, is 6,929 (Boys: 4,310 and Girls: 2,619). The total number of teachers at the middle level is 265, out of which 205 are male teachers and 60 are female teachers. Thus, on an average, each middle school has an enrolment of 59 students with a teaching staff of 2. However, the student class ratio is 22 and each school has averagely around 3 class rooms. Matric There are a total of 70 secondary schools. Total enrollment at the secondary level is 23,389 (Boys: 14,062 and Girls: 9,327). The total number of teachers at the secondary level is 845, out of which male teachers are 562 and female teachers are 283. Thus, on an average, each

36 District Education Profile Hyderabad 2012-13 EDUCATION 22

secondary school has an enrolment of 334 students with a teaching staff of 12. However, the student class ratio is 48 and each school has averagely around 7 class rooms. Higher Secondary There are a total of 14 higher secondary schools in the district. Total enrollment at the higher secondary level is 16,952 (Boys: 9,535 and Girls: 7,417). The total number of teachers at the higher secondary level is 500, out of which male teachers are 283 and female teachers are 217. Thus, on an average, each higher secondary school has an enrolment of 1,211 students with a teaching staff of 36. However, the student class ratio is 67 and each school has averagely around 18 class rooms. Table 1.6-2: Enrolment and Educational Facilities by level and Gender

Enrolment School Facilities Teachers Level Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Mixed Total Male Female Total Primary 68,768 37,579 106,347 439 300 1,254 1,993 2,817 1,062 3,879 Middle 4,310 2,619 6,929 35 32 51 118 205 60 265 Secondary 14,062 9,327 23,389 21 23 26 70 562 283 845 Higher Secondary 9,535 7,417 16,952 6 4 4 14 283 217 500 Total 96,675 56,942 153,617 501 359 1,335 2,195 3,867 1,622 5,489 Source: District Education Profile Mirpur Khas 2012-13 DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 23 Nepal Nepal 27 09 14 WGS 1984 China Aksai Chin China/India http://www.immap.org India Jammu Kashmir DisputedTerritory Jammu andKashmir (India) AJK Gilgit Baltistan- Tajikistan Punjab Kilometers Islamabad 10 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa FATA Pakistan Sindh 5 Uzbekistan Balochistan Afghanistan Road Network Tehsil BoundaryTehsil District Boundary MAP_Pakistan_Mirpurkhas Education Facilities Map_A4L_140927 PRIMARY HIGHER SECONDARY MIDDLE HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE MASJID SCHOOL COMPUTER CENTRE COACHING CENTRE TECHNICAL INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY iM Arabian Sea 0 | " Turkmenistan Legend å å å ö ! . " J B ¥ £ X Y AID concerning the legal status of any country, territory, Map DocName: Creation Date: Projection/Datum: Web Resources: Oman Map datasource(s): Alhasan Pvt Limited (Admin Boundaries,Education Facilities, Road Network),National Geo SpatialAgency (Settlements). US city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentation of material delimitation of its frontiers orboundaries. on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the iMMAP, Alhasan Systems, or Oman Iran (Islamic Republic of) Oman Turkmenistan UMERKOT KOT GHULAM KOT MUHAMMAD 6: Education Facility Map

SINDHRI THARPARKAR MIRPURKHAS MIRPURKHAS UMERKOT HUSSAIN BUX BUX MARI SANGHAR T. AYAR T. T. AYAR T. JHUDO Date (SeptemberDate 2014) KOT GHULAM KOT MUHAMMAD SINDHRI Sindh- Mirpurkhas EducationFacilities Map MIRPURKHAS DIGRI MIRPURKHAS HUSSAIN BUX BUX MARI BADIN T. AYAR T. T. M T. KHAN DISASTER HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT 24

2 Disaster History and Its Impact 2.1 Disaster in District

2.1.1 Disaster History District Mirpur Khas was hit by 2011 and 2012 rains /floods. River Indus, after receiving water from 5 of its tributary rivers, causes floods in the northern and southern parts of Sindh province. The upper region of Sindh Province comprises of the districts of Jacobabad, Shikarpur, Kashmore, Larkana and Kamber Shahdadkot on the right bank of River Indus and Ghotki, Sukkur, Khairpur, Naushahroferoze and Mirpur Khas on the left bank of River Indus. These districts, on the right and left banks of River Indus, are prone to severe threat when River Indus is in high flood. The districts in the lower Sindh are prone to riverine flooding and include: Dadu, Jamshoro and Thatta on the right bank of River Indus and Tando Muhammad Khan, Matiari and Hyderabad on the left bank. The length of River Indus along the province is 750 kms long. Areas affected in 2011 floods/rains: Digri, Kangoro, Mir khuda Bux, Paban, Soofan shah, Tando Jan Muhammad, Jhudo, Dilawar Hussain, Fazal Bhanbhiro, Roshanabad, Naukot, Aahori, Bhurgri, Dengan, Jawaryasar, Haji Hadi Bux, Khhudad, Mir Ghulam Hussain, Mir Imam Bux, Makhan Samo, Doulatpur, Jhaloori, Khann, Mirwah, Mirpur Old, Turik Ali Mari, Kheerao, Ismail Jo Goath, Baloachabad, Phulhadyon and Hingorino. Table 2.1-1: Disaster History and Losses in Mirpur Khas

Disaster Year Impact/Losses Deaths Houses Land Degraded in Livestock People Destroyed Acres Affected Flood 37 2011 61 118,110 819,833 -- 705,151 Flood 38 2012 1 ------Source: DDRMP, UNDP 2008, PDMA Sindh 2011

37 (April 2012) Sindh Provincial Monsoon/ Flood Contingency Plan,2012 38 NDMA, Loses Damages Update Oct 2012 DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 25 China WGS84 DisputedTerritory IndianAdministered Kilometers Partof Jammu & Kashmir Gilgit Sept 24, 2014 India Baltistan 20 Azad Kashmir http://www.immap.org Khyber Capital Federal Territory ession of any opinion Pakhtunkhwa Punjab FATA 10 Sindh 5 Balochistan Afghanistan Settlements at risk Branch Distry Feeder Minor Roads Railway Districtboundary boundary Taluka Very HighRisk High Risk Medium Risk Low Risk | 0 iMMAP_PAK_MirpurkhasRisk Analysis Map_v02_240914 Arabian Sea Arabian Sea Legend Irrigation System Flood RiskAnalysis Map datasource(s): AlhasanSystems Private Limited:Admin boundaries, WFP: Roads, Railway, National GeospetialAgency (NGA):Settlements Sindh Irrigation Irrigation and System Drainage MODIS: Authority Maximum Flood Extent (SIDA): ASTER G-DEM: Rivers, Digital Elevation Model Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentationon of material this map do not imply the expr whatsoever on the part of the iMMAP, AlhasanUSAID Systems, concerning or the legal status city or of area or of any its authorities, country, or concerning territory, the delimitation of its frontiers orboundaries. Iran Map Doc Name: Creation Date: Projection/Datum: Web Resources:

7: Risk Analysis Map T h a r p a r k a r T h a r p a r k a r U m e r k o t U m e r k o t

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2.1.2 Impact of Disaster on Demography As mentioned above, district Mirpur Khas was severely hit by rains/floods in 2011. The district falls under the category of medium risk districts, as declared by the PDMA Sindh39. But in 2011 rains/floods, the extent of damage was not moderate at all as assessments showed that 3,178 villages/settlements of 51 union councils, in all the 6 talukas were affected. A population of 705,151 persons was affected and there were 61 casualties and 230 injuries. In total, 200,000 houses were damaged. Geographically the whole district (all talukas and their UCs) was inundated and 94 percent of the sown area was affected due to these rains/floods. Table 2.2.1 summarizes the losses and damages caused by the 2011 rains/floods. Table 2.1-2: Summary of Losses and Damages in Floods/Rains 2011

Attribute Figures 2011 Source Total Households 2010 216,221 Estimated Affected Households 117,525 Contingency Plan 2012 Total UCs 41 UN-OCHA UC Affected 41 Total Villages N/A (416 Mouzas/Dehs) Villages/Settlements Affected 3,178 Contingency Plan 2012 Total Houses Affected 118,110 PDMA Sindh Partially Damaged 30,627 Destroyed 87,483 Total Population 1,290,527 GPW3 Data Set Affected Population 705,151 UN-OCHA Male 350,540 PDMA Sindh Female 354,611 Deaths 61 Injuries 230 Total Area (acres) 826,556 PCO Total Affected Area (acres) 819,833 UN-OCHA Area Sown 180,890 FAO Crop Area Damaged 171,522

Floods 2012 According to the Losses and Damages Details40, as of 23 January, 2013, there was 1 casualty and 2 injuries and crops over an area of 550 acres were affected. 2.1.3 Impact of Disaster on Livelihood & Agriculture Along with the demographic losses, due to floods 2011, the loss to agriculture sector exacerbated the sources of livelihood for the people of this district. The following table shows the loss to agriculture sector of this district.

39 Flood 2010, Disaster Management Apparatus in Sindh, PDMA Sindh 40 Damages Details as of 23-01-2013, National Disaster Management Authority DISASTER HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT 28

Table 2.1-3: Crop Loss and Area Damaged Due to Floods 2011

Major Crops Area Area sown (Acre) 101,504 Cotton Area Damaged (Acre) 101,504 % 100% Area sown (Acre) 3,074 Rice Area Damaged (Acre) 3,074 % 100% Area sown (Acre) 31,224 Sugarcane Area Damaged (Acre) 21,856 % 70% Area sown (Acre) 45,088 Other Area Damaged (Acre) 45,088 % 100% Total Area Sown 180,890 Total Area Damaged 171,522 Source: Flood Situation Update, 2011, Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) As given in the table above, 100% of the cotton and rice crops were damaged along with 70% sugarcane and 100% of the other crops. 12,280 livestock heads died due to these floods41. 2.1.4 Analysis of Food Security Situation As established in the previous section, district Mirpur Khas is considered to be a food insecure district. Floods of 2011 worsened the existing situation of the population and the indicators of food security i.e. availability, access, utilization and stability showed dismal situation in this district. District Mirpur Khas is agro-based and majority of the households are engaged in agriculture farming and livestock rearing activities with still others in non-agriculture activities/casual labor. Among these three types of the households, empirical studies have shown that poverty is relatively higher in the non-agriculture households, followed by livestock households and small farmers42. It has been shown in the previous section that many individuals of this flood affected district lost their homes (118,110 houses were damaged), their crops (171,522 Acers of crop area affected) and heads of livestock (12,280 livestock died). Due to the lack of an adequate industrial base, the sources of income of households, situated in this severely affected district, are less diversified, with their heavy dependence on agriculture, livestock and casual labor. All the socioeconomic indicators i.e. large household size, poor literacy level, higher mortality rate and poor level of infrastructure with poor access to education and health facilities show a higher level of poverty and deprivation in this district. Through the destruction of roads, transport and market infrastructure, the floods had a significant negative impact on the commodity market. As a result, the functioning capacity of markets (transporters, processors, wholesalers and retailers) was decreased with upward

41 Flood Situation Update, 2011, Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) 42 Arif, et al (2010), “The 2010 Flood and Poverty in Pakistan: A Preliminary District-level Analysis”, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics Islamabad, Background Paper for Conference on the " The Environments of the Poor”, 24-26 Nov. 2010, New Delhi DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 29 movement of transaction costs and shortage of food commodities. This phenomenon hindered the socio-economic access to food in the district43. The losses to crops and livestock along with the poor functioning capacity of the markets significantly reduced the expected income of the population of this district. Thus the floods and rains affected people of the district Mirpur Khas had to face a number of key challenges to recover their livelihoods, directly affecting the food security situation. 2.1.5 Impact of Disaster on Health Severe floods can not only cause destruction to heath care infrastructure but also affect health indicators of the affected population. The Flood/heavy rain in 2011 resulted in damage to the public health infrastructure in Sindh Province. Mirpur Khas district was hit severely in 2011. Based on the “Civil Society Floods Situation Report 2011” compiled by PACF-Pakistan, the magnitude of damages to the health facilities in district Mirpur Khas is given in the following table. Table 2.1-4: Status of Damages of Health Facilities 2011

BHUs RHCs District % % Total Damaged Total Damaged Mirpur Khas 38 19 50 5 1 20 Source: PACF-Pakistan As per data collected after flood 2011, the flood affected health facilities in the district had marginally adequate stocks of medicines, equipment and other consumables for one week. The table below shows the availability of medicines and other items’ stock, in floods 2011, in district Mirpur Khas44. Table 2.1-5: Availability stock of Medicine, Equipment, Consumables and Vaccines

Availability of stock Availability of stocks of Stock available Stock available District Medicines/Equipment’s and Vaccines/Injections & for for Consumables Equipment’s Mirpur Khas Marginal 1 week Marginal 1 week Source: PACF-Pakistan

2.1.6 Impact of Disaster on Education Due to the floods/rains of 2011, 539 school facilities were damaged. Out of which 281 were fully destroyed and 224 were partially damaged. 34 schools were occupied by the internally

43 Ibid 44 Civil Society Flood Situation Report , Prepared and Released by People Accountability Commission on Floods (PACF) http://www.pacf- pakistan.org/Civil_Society_Flood_Situation_Report/9th%20CSFSR_Concern%20voiced%20over%20deteriorating%2 0health%20of%20rain%20victims.pdf DISASTER HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT 30 displaced persons (IDPs). Also, heavy rains affected the school going children. Due to the damages to schools, houses and roads; education of 43,120 students was affected (Girls: 18,542 girls, Boys: 24,578). Teachers numbering 1,437 were also affected45. Flood 2012 According to the PDMA Sindh, the crop area affected in 2012 flood was 550 acres.

45 Sindh-EMIS Reform c Unit, Department of Education and Literacy, Government of Sindh. DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 31

3 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis 3.1 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis Prior to analyzing existing hazards; vulnerability to hazards and capacity to cope with the same of the district and its population needs to be understood. An explanation of the terms used is given under each heading, as follows: 3.1.1 Hazard A hazard is a situation which triggers disaster. But it can be also defined as: “A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may cause the Loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation”46 A hazard is a situation that has the potential to harm the health and safety of people or to damage plant and equipment. Hazards can be divided into two categories.

Natural Hazard Natural hazards are natural processes or phenomena within the earth system that may constitute a damaging event. For example typhoons, tsunamis, earthquake and volcanic eruption cyclones, earthquakes, floods, landslides, storms are natural hazards.

Man-made Hazard Any industrial, nuclear, or transportation accident, explosion, power failure, resource shortage, or other condition, resulting from man-made causes, which threaten or cause damage to property, human suffering, hardship or loss of life constitute ‘Man-made Hazard. Hazard matrix of District47 Area affected/union Hazard Frequency Severity/Force Year councils 2006,2007,2008,2009, Rain/floods Monsoon Entire district Medium 2010,2011,2012 Epidemics Seasonal Entire district Low Every year Earthquakes Rare Entire district Low 2013 Transport Rare Entire district Low Through out accidents/Fire

46 “Urban Governance and Community Resilience Guides”, (2010), Asian Disaster Preparedness Center 47 Disaster Risk Management Plan , District Mirpur Khas Government of Sindh (2008) HAZARD VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY ANALYSIS 32

3.1.2 Vulnerability Vulnerability is a situation which is: “The attributes and circumstances of a community or system that makes it sensitive, vulnerable or susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard48” Vulnerability precedes disasters, contribute to their severity, hinder and obstruct the disaster response. It is divided into three parts:

Physical/Material Vulnerability Weakness of the built environment and lack of access to physical and material resources i.e. living in hazard prone areas or in unsafe buildings, lack of savings, insurance and assets constitutes physical/material vulnerability.

Social/Organizational Vulnerability Social/Organizational Vulnerability refers to inequality in social systems that discriminate against and marginalize certain groups of people from accessing resources and services. People who have been marginalized in social, economic or political terms are vulnerable to disasters. Weakness in social and organizational areas may also cause disasters e.g. deep division can lead to conflict and war. Conflict over resources due to poverty can also lead to violence.

Attitudinal/Motivational Vulnerability Existence of fatalistic myths and religious beliefs influence people’s vulnerability to disaster risks. If people believe that disasters are ‘acts of God’ and if they have low confidence in their ability to affect change or have ‘lost heart’ and feel defeated by events they cannot control, these people are often harder hit by disasters. Vulnerability Matrix Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational Mirpurkhas is a non-riverine According to the 1998 census, the Illiteracy and lack of awareness district; there is no threat of floods total population of district about disaster risk reduction, in the on accounts of breaches in bunds of Mirpurkhas was 905,935, while the local communities, increases rivers. However district Mirpurkhas estimated population for the year vulnerability against different is vulnerable to heavy rainfalls. 2014 is 1,592,981. The district has hazards. Most of these people have Usually Jamrao and Mithrao canals, an estimated51 growth rate of 2.99% established illegal encroachments Left Bank Outfall Drain (LBOD) and per annum, which means that the bed of the Puran Nullah, the natural Mirpurkhas Man Drain (MMD) population will double itself in 23.41 drain for rain water, and has made breach and overflow due to heavy years52 from 1998. Such rapid themselves vulnerable to flood rainfalls in monsoon and inundate growth in population gives birth to disasters. the whole district. In 2012 many socio-economic problems and rain/flood a crop area of 550 acre makes the area vulnerable to was affected, while 1 death and 2 different natural and made-made injuries were reported. In 2011 hazards.

48 Participant’s Course Workbook, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 33

Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational rains/floods, 3,178 villages/settlements49 of 51 union councils were affected. There were 61 casualties and 230 injuries50. Left Bank Outfall Drain (LBOD) is a Like majority of the other districts in Advocacy seminars and awareness constant threat to the district Sindh, district Mirpurkhas is rural by raising campaigns, regarding people because it caters for its characteristics. 67 per cent of the disaster risk reduction, are rarely draining of only saline water of population resides in rural area as held in the district. water logged areas and there is no compared to the 33 per cent that provision for storm drainage in this resides in the urban areas. Most system. LBOD has blocked the people in rural areas lack job natural/flood storm drains at opportunities, health and various places thus blocking the educational facilities, which escalate natural course of drainage. For the risk against different hazards. Mirpurkhas “PURAN” is the [floods, rains etc.] natural/flood storm drain, which has been blocked by LBOD at various places. Flood 2003 and 2011 were caused because of LBOD overflow or breach. The Floods, in 2010 and heavy rain Dependent population (the During the relief distribution, in 2011 resulted in damage to the population that is less than 15 years marginalized groups such as public health infrastructure in and more than 65 years of age women, children and disabled Sindh. According to the Civil Society including widows and divorced suffered. They were unable to get Floods Situation Report 2011, by women) in the case of Mirpurkhas their share of the NFIs and other PACF-Pakistan, 19 BHUs (50%) and district is 48 per cent of the total relief items because they were 1 RHCs (20%) were damaged in population and the working unable to compete with the district Mirpurkhas district. population is 52 per cent, which physically stronger segments of the shows that dependency ratio53 in community the district is 92 per cent, which is very high and as such makes the population highly vulnerable Disasters are rooted in The education status is quite poor in People do not follow the land use development failures e.g. unsafe Mirpurkhas. The overall illiteracy planning and settle in the low lying buildings that could not withstand rate (for the population of 10 years area and expose themselves to heavy rains, floods and earthquakes and above) is 54%; for male it is 39 hazards like floods. result in disasters. In Mirpurkhas and for female it is 73 %. For the district, 64.57 per cent people use urban rural comparison, rural wood/bamboo as material for roof illiteracy rate is higher than the construction. This percentage is urban. Illiterate people cannot be higher in rural areas (83.88 per easily mobilized and made aware of cent) as compared to the urban the different disasters’ risks. areas (9.82 per cent)54. Piped water is available to only 35% Though Rain/floods Contingency Top-Down approach is followed in per cent of the housing units. About Plan of the district is available with most of the district for carrying out

51 Estimated using 2010 population estimates from Gridded Population of World (GPW) 3 data set 52 Rule of 70 http://controlgrowth.org/double.htm retrieved on 05-03-2012 49 Contingency Plan, Sindh, 2012, pp.10 50 Provincial Disaster Management Authority, Sindh 53 Dependency Ratio= (Population < 15 Years + Population > 65 Years)/ Population 15-65 Years 54 Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM), 2012-13 HAZARD VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY ANALYSIS 34

Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational 36 per cent of rural households the District Disaster Management welfare activities, which result in have hand pumps inside the Authority (DDMA) Mirpurkhas, initiating unsustainable projects. housing units, while only 5 per cent according to the “Peoples use motor pumps in the rural areas Accountability Commission on of the district55. Floods” (PACF) the Federal, Provincial and District level Contingency Planning in Pakistan’ is not participatory and lack international standards56. According to an initial assessment It is due to irresponsible behaviour There is lack of training, appropriate by the Annual School Census, of the Irrigation department skills and awareness on disaster risk District Education Officers and officials that Left Bank Outfall Drain management, both at the Assistant Education Officers, about (LBOD) is not de-silted even once community and the public servants’ 199 schools are fully affected, after its construction. Therefore level. Skills to handle emergencies among which 193 were aqffected LBOD cannot drain out the water are very weak and need to be due to rains, 6 due to floods57. In according to its designed discharge strengthened. both 2010 and 2011 floods, primary capacity and cause floods in the level schools were hit the most due rainy season e.g., 2003 floods. to their higher number. Climate change is said to be There is a lack of Community Based responsible for these heavy rains Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRM) because usually Sindh province projects in the rain/flood affected receives very little rains. areas of the district. Focus of the Environmental scientists agree that different organizations working in they cannot explain the floods in the area is only towards relief side. Sindh as the area that received the rain is normally very dry. Sanitation conditions in district There are no Disaster Management Mirpurkhas are relatively poor Committees (DMCs) in the where only 46% of the households vulnerable communities of the use flush toilets and 38 % of the district. households have non-flush toilets58. The sanitation facility is comparatively worse in rural areas of the district.

55 Ibid 56 http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2012/09/04/city/karachi/flawed-disaster-contingency-plans-in-disaster-prone-pakistan/ (3/6/2013) 57 Flood report on educational sector of Sindh province, 2010-11, pp. 51

58 Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2012-13 DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 35

3.1.3 Capacity Capacities are resources, means and strengths, which exist in households and communities and which enable them to cope with, withstand, prepare for, prevent, mitigate or quickly recover from a disaster. The combination of all the strengths attributes and resources available within a community, society or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals constitute its capacity to cope with hazards59.

Physical/Material Capacity In most disasters, people suffer their greatest losses in the physical and material realm. Access to physical/material things or objects count as physical capacity. A few examples of physical and material resources are cash, food, land, properties and tools.

Social /Organizational Capacity When everything physical is destroyed, people still has their skills, experiences and knowledge; they have family and social networks. They have leaders and systems for making decisions. They also have local, collective ‘wisdom’ reflected in their cultural practices that help them reduce or cope with disaster risks.

Attitudinal/Motivational Capacity People also have positive attitudes and strong motivations such as the will to survive and willingness to help each other.

Capacity Matrix Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational District Mirpurkhas contributes The overall literacy rate62 (for the The local community members and significantly towards the population of 10 years and above) volunteers, in the absence of search agriculture sector of Sindh. is 46%; for male it is 61 and for and rescue teams, provide support in Wheat, rice, cotton and female it is 27%, while Adult emergencies. sugarcane are cropped in the literacy rate (15 years and above) is district60. Wheat and cotton 45 %. For the urban rural production in the district for year comparison, urban literacy rate is 2009-10 were 228,193 (M.Tons) higher than the rural. Literate and 273,342 (Bales) respectively. people can easily be mobilized and Total reported area of the district made aware of the different is 352,000 hectares, out of which disaster risks. 317,000 hectares (90%) are cultivated61. According to the World Health District Disaster Management District Disaster Management Organization (WHO), total health Authority (DDMA) of Mirpurkhas is Authority and media are playing its role

59 Participant’s Course workbook, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) 60 Development Statistics of Sindh,2011 61 Sindh Development Statistics, 2011 62 Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2010-11, pp. 139 HAZARD VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY ANALYSIS 36

Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational facilities in district Mirpurkhas are established in the DCO’s office on in creating awareness among the 94. There are three hospitals,63 temporary basis. DDMA formulates people regarding disaster risk six Rural health centres (RHCs), disaster plan for the district and reduction. Though few, theDDMA and thirty eight Basic Health Units assigns roles and responsibilities to NGOs organize workshops and (BHUs), twelve MCHs, one sub the local district departments. seminars for advocacy. health centre and thirty four DDMA carry out emergency general dispensaries (GD) in the response and relief activities in the district. These health facilities affected areas. provide health services, both in rural and urban areas of the district, not only as a routine but also in extreme circumstances. The total number of schools in “Rain/Flood Contingency Plan Skills of the old age people like treating the district is 2,195. Out of which 2011” of Mirpurkhas was produced of different epidemics/diseases by local 1,993 are primary schools, 10 are by the District Disaster knowledge is a great strength of these elementary schools, 108 are Management Authority (DDMA). people. middle schools, 70 are secondary, This contingency plan has detail of and 14 are higher secondary the previous flood/rain disasters, schools64. These school buildings losses/damages history, concerned are also used as shelter and department contact numbers and evacuation centres in emergency. preparedness and planning sections for the upcoming floods/rains. District Mirpurkhas has an After the 2010, 2011 and 2012 Indigenous knowledge of the local efficient canal irrigation system, floods, different NGOs /INGOs have community can be useful if considered. which helps in agriculture focused their attentions on shelter, In LBOD project the project specialists productivity. The total irrigated wash, and livelihood activities. refused to take the indigenous area of the district is 135,759 These organizations include Oxfam knowledge and is c now reating hectares in which 130,720 GB, WFP and WHO, CARE, ACTED problem in the form of flood disasters. hectares are irrigated by canals.65 and Islamic Relief etc66. They provide funds and relief stuff to the affected people, to enable them to stand on their own. There is one Industrial Estate and Law Enforcement Agencies are Contingency plan’s formation shows a Sugar Mill located in important stakeholders in relief change in perception of the Mirpurkhas District Headquarter. activities. Jawans (Soldiers) of government regarding Disaster Risk There are 8 small Industrial Units Pakistan Army assisted the affected Management (DRM). functioning as self-employment communities directly and helped schemes and 132 units are them in evacuation, by providing functioning under small Industrial transport facilities. Army doctors Estates67. provided medicines and other health facilities to the affected people especially to the children and women. Road network is considered as a Community based organizations are vehicle for economic formed by NGOs in the affected

63 Flood Assessment |report Mipur Khas and Thatta, Sindh by Global Peace Pioneers 2011 64 SINDH Education Management Information System (SEMIS), District Education Profile, Mirpurkhas ,2012-13 65 Development Statistics of Sindh,2011, pp. 109 66 www.pakresponse.info (3/6/2013) 67 Sindh Development Institute, Mirpurkhas Economic Profile, 2005 DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 37

Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational development. The district is well- areas to encourage the local connected with other districts representation. Active people from through good quality roads. Total the community are part of these good quality roads length is 851 organizations, which facilitate the kilometres in this district68. These humanitarian organization work at roads can be used as evacuation the grass root level. point in flood disaster. Good roads are also helpful in carrying out relief activities.

68 Sindh Development Statistics, (2011), pp. 250 SECTORAL DRR MITIGATION MEASURES 38

4 Sectoral DRR Mitigation Measures 4.1.1 Education x The NGOs (Basic Education and employed skill training, Youth Welfare Organization "NEWE MANZAL", Save the Children) should work on awareness building programs for encouraging enrolment in schools, by incorporating teachers, students and youth in their community based programs. Increased enrolment would lead to enhanced literacy and literate people can easily be mobilized and made aware of the different disaster risks. x NGOs (Basic Education and employed skill training, Youth Welfare Organization "NEWE MANZAL", Association for Human Development) working in the education sector should organize community-based programs that provide girls with opportunities to develop their skills. x Affected or damaged schools should be repaired and reconstructed on priority basis with DRR principles in view. x Government should introduce disaster risk reduction courses for teachers’ training and should add DRR in the curriculum to support large-scale awareness. x Local Philanthropists should be encouraged to take initiative to raise an emergency fund for immediate repair of infrastructure, support to affected poor students and parents after any disaster. x Government should introduce a ‘School Safety policy’ taking all locally relevant hazards into account and adopting DRR measure for the existing schools and construction of new schools. x NGOs and other organizations working in the education sector should organize workshops to provide teachers with training on disaster preparedness and early warning signs. x Education department should produce support materials linked with disaster risk reduction for teaching and learning. x The district government and NGOs should invest in DRR sector and should corporate DRR measures in improving school buildings as these can be used as shelter and evacuation centres in case of emergency. x Incorporate disaster risk reduction measures i.e., ensure their suitable location and construction while establishing new schools in order to avoid future hazard threats. x Humanitarian organizations should take on board the District Education Department and should provide trainings and necessary skills to the education officials to enable them to prepare School Based Disaster Risk Management Plans (SBDRM-Plan) for each school in the district. DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 39

4.1.2 Infrastructure x Awareness programs should be organized by the District Disaster Management Authority of Mirpur Khas about the need of land use planning and building codes so that it can be followed by all the stakeholders, to avoid future threats. x Government should provide adequate funding to Sindh Irrigation Department to strengthen the weak or already breached LBOD and MMD which enable it to withstand with rains. x The Communication and Works department should utilize the available funds on the maintenance of roads and find alternative routes that can be used in case of emergency. x Active people from the community can be used for disseminating early warning for the local endangered communities because people have lot of trust in informal and locally influential sources of information; e.g. a religious leaders, a teachers, an NGO worker or a local government official. But firstly these active people should also be trained on EWS. x Organizations that are involved in construction of homes, health, education and other facilities should work with the government to establish and strictly enforce strict construction codes so that of future threats can be mitigated. x Identification of flood escape channels to desert areas/off channel storages that would provide major reduction in flood peak discharge in Indus River System. Also identify possible sites for underground reservoirs, retarding basins, etc. x DRR Planners, District and Provincial authorities should identify safe land and location for low income citizens who are living near the flood prone areas. x Awareness regarding investment in the DRR sector should be initiated in order to avoid future threats. x Brick lining projects should be initiated by the district government of Mirpur Khas for strengthening the canals. x Radio can be a very important part of early warning system but care should be taken while transmitting early warnings. It should be in clear words and confirmed through reliable sources to avoid false reports and unnecessary panic. x Media in district Mirpur Khas should expand its role as a watchdog in monitoring and handling of donations in the post disaster phase so that the funds are given to the affected people of the district rather than self interest groups. x Water Conservation projects should be initiated by the government for mitigating the future threats about freshwater shortages and increased demand. SECTORAL DRR MITIGATION MEASURES 40

4.1.3 Health x NGOs should encourage the community participation in the awareness sessions, programs and trainings, related to water treatment practices and hygiene practices which will capacitate the vulnerable communities of the area against the communicable diseases. x Health department should take care of establishment of health facilities focused on certain population. All the health related issues should be dealt by them. But the responsibilities have to be identified. x Health facilities should be located on higher grounds along or near good roads and adequate means of transportation readily accessible to the community. x A logistic system should be put in place for determining the requirement of medicine, maintaining an inventory, storing and stocking, issuing and controlling the use of medicine, stockpile of emergency medicine and supplies, special arrangement with vendors and suppliers for emergency purchases in time of disaster. x Advocacy seminars should be organized at district level for the training of medical staff to implement National Health Programs. x DDMA should assign the responsibilities of health department to ensure the availability of medical and paramedical personal in hospital, BHU’s, MCHC, and RHC’s. Moreover, mobile health teams should be mobilized so that the health facilitators can visit the local areas to provide basic health care especially for the vulnerable group such as people with disabilities, elderly persons, children, females and those who hesitate to go to the hospitals because of cultural constraint and long distance. x Nutrition Stabilization centres for the pregnant and lactating women suffering from acute malnutrition should be established in each small and big hospital.

4.1.4 Livelihood x Fodder stocks should be maintained by the livestock department of the district to cope with emergencies. x Livestock owners should be encouraged to insure their cattle heads. x Capacity can be built through awareness programs on livelihood diversification. x Government and NGOs should ensure sustainable livelihoods in areas of recurrent climate risks (i.e. flood prone areas) by promoting supplementary income generation from off-farm and non-farm activities. x Flood control and salinity control projects can be conceived to make more land available for cultivation DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 41

x NGO’s should organize advocacy seminars, trainings and awareness sessions for improved agricultural practices by incorporating CBOs’ chairmen and presidents as they have great influence over the community members. x NGO’s should organize the awareness sessions by incorporating active youth for mobilization of vulnerable communities and should promote some business through awareness building livelihood projects. x Government and NGOs should promote effective insurance and credit schemes to compensate for crop damage and losses to livelihoods due to natural hazards in the district. x Irrigation department should carry out hydraulic studies so that flooding can be avoided and find out catchment areas and water courses for surface run off.

4.1.5 Food x Stockpiling of essential food items should be encouraged among the community through awareness programs. x Number of Food distribution point should be established in the emergency hit area and should be easily accessible to most of the needy population. x For extremely vulnerable groups such as elderly persons, people with disabilities, female and children, separate desk and queues at food distribution point should be established so that they do not suffer difficulties in attaining food x Civil administration should look after the availability of food.

4.1.6 Wash x Innovative approaches are required to ensure the availability of low-cost, simple, and locally acceptable water and sanitation interventions. Integrating these approaches into existing social institutions such as schools, markets, and health facilities is required. x Municipal workers should monitor the quality of water and should distribute chlorine tablets for water purification in order to avoid diseases like cholera, malaria and hepatitis etc. x DRR measures should be incorporated in the construction of sewerage system in order to minimize the possibility of over flowing of sewage water in rainy days and to mitigate the hygiene issues. x DDMA of district Mirpurkhas should ensure long term viability of sanitation facilities by arranging funds. x District government of Mirpur Khas should keep in view the need of children, women and disable people while planning, designing, implementing, and monitoring and management of sanitation service provision. SECTORAL DRR MITIGATION MEASURES 42

x NGOs in district Mirpurkhas should install raised hand pumps to maintain adequate access to water supplies in the event of a flood. x Waste Water treatment projects should be initiated in district Mirpurkhas to avoid deterioration of aquatic environment. x Access to water should be improved by installing additional water points.

4.1.7 Government and Humanitarian Sector x The District Disaster Management Authority should coordinate with the NGOs working in different sectors to address the problems of people. The NGOs working on different projects can be invited and can be asked for initiation of DRR projects in the vulnerable areas of the district. x Coordination among key stakeholders should be strengthened for the implementation of disaster risk reduction measures and effective emergency response through assignment of responsibility to each stakeholder. Stakeholders must have joint meetings to address the issues faced by them. x The District Disaster Management Authority should launches appeals for assistance through media at provincial and national level. x NGOs working in district Mirpur Khas should follow the bottom up approach for the initiation of any CBDRM project. The bottom-up approach implies that whole process should start at the community level. Community members should invite to participate in every step of the planning process. It will give a sense of ownership to the community who in turn constructively contribute to achieve project objectives. Moreover Tribal heads can facilitate the Government and NGOs in implementation of DRM projects. x The District Disaster Management Authority and NGOs (Save the Children-Pakistan, Islamic Relief etc.) should employ the requisite staff who have a combination of practical experience and up to date theoretical knowledge related to Disaster Management and Sustainable development (Disaster Managers, Rescue and Relief providers etc.), should stockpile equipment (Boats, Jackets, medicine, food etc.) to build institutional capacity at the district level. DISTRICT MIRPURKHAS 43

5 Coordination and Support Services 5.1 Important Contacts

5.1.1 Departmental Focal Points Telephone Numbers S# Department Office In charge Designation Office Mobile Syed Mehdi Ali Shah DC 0233 9290052 - 1 Administration Usman Mahsood ADC 1 0233 9290052 0345-5509868 Muhammad yousuf Sheikh ADC 2 0233 9290253 0333-2716334 2 Police Zafar Ullah Tarijo SSP 0233-9290304 0300-2028848 3 Agriculture Yaar Muhammad Khaskhali Deputy Director Agriculture 0233-9290045 0333-3360944 4 Social Welfare Ghulam Hussain Channa Deputy Director 0333-5613741 5 Health Ghulam Ghost EDO - Health 0233-9290098 0333-7444163 6 Education Rasool Bakhsh Director Education 0233-9290081 7 Work & Services Fareed udin Sidique Superintendent Engineer 0233-9290176 0300-2810165 8 Live stock Dr Saleem Deputy director 0233-9290269 0333-2954588 Source: DC office Mirpur Khas 5.1.2 Emergency Response S.No Name of Organizations Office Contact 1 Edhi Ambulance 115 2 Electricity Complaint 118 3 Police Emergency 15 4 Telephone (Complaint) 1218 5 Telephone Enquiry 1217 6 Sui Gas Help line 1199 7 PIA Flight enquiry 114 8 TCS Courier 0233-874742

5.1.3 List of NGOs Working in District Name Contact Numbers Advocacy, Research, Training and Services (ARTS) 0233-863232 Association for Human Development 022-3860880 Badin Development Organization 0300-3314695 Basic Education and employed skill training(BEST) 091-5852209/10 CARITAS Pakistan 042-36315584-5/0333-2912143 Indus Resource Centre 021-35822239 International Organization for Migration (IOM) 051-2831061/65 Islamic Relief 051-2114212-7 JAGGARTA Social Welfare Organization 0233-866391 John Social Welfare Organization Pakistan (JSWOP) 071-5691100/0321-7202002 National Rural Support Programme (NRSP) 051-2822319 Oxfam GB 051-2653341-42 Pakistan Fisherfolk Forum 0213-5092862/0213-4534464 Pakistan Red Crescent Society 051-9250404-5 Save the Children-Pakistan 051-26534016 COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES 44

Name Contact Numbers Sewa Development Trust Sindh 0243-554082 Sindh Rural Partner Organization 0233-862447 Society for Safe Environment and Welfare of Agrarians in Pakistan 0233- 503837 Tearfund 0233-512166 Youth Welfare Organization "NEWE MANZAL" 0307-7120072 Source: www.himpakistan.pk 5.1.4 Health Facilities Taluka Health Facility Name HF_TYPE Mirpur Khas CIVIL HOSPITAL MIRPURKHAS HOSPITAL Mirpur Khas BHU DOULAT LEGHARI BASIC HEALTH UNIT Mirpur Khas BHU MAKHAN SAMOON BASIC HEALTH UNIT Mirpur Khas BHU KHUMBRI BASIC HEALTH UNIT Mirpur Khas BHU GHULAM HAIDER SHAH BASIC HEALTH UNIT Mirpur Khas RATAN ABAD,DISPENSARY DISPENSARY Mirpur Khas LEPROSY CENTRE MIRPUR KHAS LEPROSY CENTRE Digri TALUKA HOSPITAL, DIGRI HOSPITAL Digri RHC MIRWAH GORCHANI Rural Health Centre Digri RHC TANDO JAN MOHAMMAD Rural Health Centre Digri BHU RAMZAN JUNEJO BASIC HEALTH UNIT Digri BHU KANGORO GOTH BASIC HEALTH UNIT Digri BHU DEH 160 BASIC HEALTH UNIT Digri BHU USMAN JUNEJO BASIC HEALTH UNIT Digri BHU ABDUL QAYUM KHAIR BASIC HEALTH UNIT Digri MCHC DIGRI MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH CENTRE Hssain Bux Mari BHU KHAN BASIC HEALTH UNIT Hssain Bux Mari BHU HAMEEDPURA COLONY, MIRPURKHAS BASIC HEALTH UNIT Sindhri RHC PHULLAHDYOON Rural Health Centre Sindhri MOHSIN RAZA FARM,DISPENSARY DISPENSARY Sindhri KAMAL KHAN LEGHARI,DISPENSARY DISPENSARY Sindhri BHU HINGORNO BASIC HEALTH UNIT Kot Ghulam Muhammad TALUKA HOSPITAL, KOT GHULAM MUHAMMAD HOSPITAL Kot Ghulam Muhammad BHUKACHELO,DISPENSARY DISPENSARY Kot Ghulam Muhammad BHU KOT MIRS LANDHI BASIC HEALTH UNIT Kot Ghulam Muhammad BHU NAWAB COLONY BASIC HEALTH UNIT Kot Ghulam Muhammad BHU JHILURI BASIC HEALTH UNIT Kot Ghulam Muhammad BHU KACHELLO BASIC HEALTH UNIT Kot Ghulam Muhammad BHU MUHAMMAD HASHIM BHURGARI BASIC HEALTH UNIT Kot Ghulam Muhammad BHUDIAL GARH BASIC HEALTH UNIT Kot Ghulam Muhammad BHU SIKRIYARI BASIC HEALTH UNIT Kot Ghulam Muhammad BHU UBEDULLAH BHURGARI BASIC HEALTH UNIT Kot Ghulam Muhammad BHU DENGAN BHURGARI BASIC HEALTH UNIT Jhudo RHC JHUDO Rural Health Centre Jhudo RHC NOUKAT Rural Health Centre Jhudo KAZI MOHD ASHRAF,DISPENSARY DISPENSARY Jhudo ALI SHERSHAH,DISPENSARY DISPENSARY Jhudo BHU KARAM ALI LEGHARI BASIC HEALTH UNIT Jhudo BHU FAZAL BHAMBRO BASIC HEALTH UNIT Jhudo BHU FAKIR FAIZ MUHAMMAD BILALANI BASIC HEALTH UNIT Solutions in Time Information Management and Mine Action Program House # 25, College Road, F-7/2 Islamabad Pakistan 205-C 2nd Floor, Evacuee Trust Complex, Sector F-5/1, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel. +92-51-835-0752/+92-51-835-0754 Tel: +92-51-282.0449 / 835-9288 Fax: +92-51-835-0753 Fax: +92-51-835-9287 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website : www.immap.org Website: www.alhasan.com