DOCSLIB.ORG

Civic Consciousness and Industrialization in Imperial Vienna, 1848-1881

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Civic Consciousness and Industrialization in Imperial Vienna, 1848-1881 Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 12-2016 Nightmare in the City of Dreams: Civic Consciousness and Industrialization in Imperial Vienna, 1848-1881 J. Alexander Killion Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Killion, J. Alexander, "Nightmare in the City of Dreams: Civic Consciousness and Industrialization in Imperial Vienna, 1848-1881" (2016). Master's Theses. 755. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/755 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NIGHTMARE IN THE CITY OF DREAMS: CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS AND INDUSTRIALIZATION IN IMPERIAL VIENNA, 1848-1881 by J. Alexander Killion A thesis submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts History Western Michigan University December 2016 Thesis Committee: Marion W. Gray, Ph.D., Chair Eli Rubin, Ph.D. Lynne Heasley, Ph.D. NIGHTMARE IN THE CITY OF DREAMS: CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS AND INDUSTRIALIZATION IN IMPERIAL VIENNA, 1848-1881 J. Alexander Killion, M.A. Western Michigan University, 2016 Since the onset of the Industrial Revolution, a distinct trend toward urbanization has continually reshaped history and society, yet the development and evolution of urban spaces has been largely overlooked by scholars until recent decades. This is especially true for the cities of the Habsburg Empire, although Vienna provides a good case study of industrialization’s impact on the urban landscape due to its history of rapid population growth, extensive environmental change, and established administrative structures. Although the logistical challenges associated with urban administration, such as importing adequate food, accessing clean water, and disposing of waste in a prompt manner were all present in Vienna long before industrialization began, the rapid growth of industry and population elevated these problems to new heights. This forced city officials to assume greater responsibility for the lives and well-being of their residents. Regardless of whether these initiatives succeeded in their goal, the increased level of government involvement and interest in what was previously considered private spheres of activity was a profound shift in how the government viewed its relationship to its inhabitants and helped create a city in which the municipality was responsible for basic needs like water, waste disposal, sanitation, and health. Copyright by J. Alexander Killion 2016 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I want to thank my advisor, Dr. Gray, for his tireless guidance and assistance throughout the long process of completing this work. I would also like to thank my thesis committee members, Dr. Rubin and Dr. Heasley, for their advice on matters both academic and professional while at Western Michigan University. I am also indebted to the History Department, the Graduate College, the History Graduate Student Organization, and all those who have contributed to the Nora Faires Research and Travel Award endowment for helping fund my research in Vienna. There were several people in Vienna who were extremely helpful during my research trip, particularly Sylvia Gierlinger, who directed me to the historical sources that came to inform the bulk of my research, and the staff at the Municipal and Provincial Archives of Vienna. Finally, I would like to thank Sam Ollerenshaw for his invaluable assistance in translating some very difficult German passages. J. Alexander Killion ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................. ii LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................v INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 Methodology ...........................................................................................................................2 Previous Research ...................................................................................................................4 Chapter Breakdown ................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER I: “SUCH FEVERISH ACTIVITY”: THE INDUSTRIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF VIENNA AFTER THE REVOLUTION OF 1848 ........................7 Neo-Absolutism in Post-1848 Vienna .......................................................................9 A Shift in Civic Consciousness ...............................................................................13 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................17 II: “SUCH UNFAVORABLE CIRCUMSTANCES”: THE LIVING CONDITIONS OF THE WORKING CLASS IN VIENNA ...........................................................................18 Municipal Solutions ................................................................................................29 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................33 III: “THREE BUCKETS PER HEAD PER DAY”: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPREHENSIVE SANITATION SYSTEM ..............................................................35 Impact of Population Growth on Food Consumption .............................................36 Impact of Population Growth on Biological Waste Production ..............................39 The Evolution of the Danube River ........................................................................41 Cesspools and Urinals ............................................................................................44 Preliminary Sewer System ......................................................................................49 Debate over New Waste Disposal System ..............................................................51 The Centralized System and its Shortfalls .............................................................56 Conclusion ..............................................................................................................62 iii Table of Contents - Continued CHAPTER IV: “SUCH AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH”: INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INHABITANTS OF VIENNA .........................................................................................63 Water Pollution .......................................................................................................64 Coal and Dust Pollution ..........................................................................................68 Examples of Industrial Pollution ............................................................................77 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................83 V: “SUCH LOSSES ARE SOON FORGOTTEN”: DEATH, DISEASE, AND VACCINATION IN AUSTRIA AND VIENNA .............................................................84 Smallpox ..................................................................................................................85 Typhoid Fever .........................................................................................................88 Tuberculosis ...........................................................................................................89 Cholera ....................................................................................................................90 Inoculation and Vaccination in Austria ..................................................................92 Alternative Solutions .............................................................................................103 Conclusion ............................................................................................................107 CONCLUSION ...........................................................................................................................109 PRIMARY SOURCE BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................114 SECONDARY SOURCE BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................117 APPENDICES A. Reported Housing Problems by Year ...........................................................................123 B. Vaccination Statistics in Austria by Year .....................................................................127 C. Infectious Disease Deaths in Vienna by Year .............................................................130 iv ; LIST OF FIGURES 1.1: Immigration to Vienna in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century……….….…. 8 2.1: Unfit Dwellings Reported in 1872 by District ………………………………….…. 20 2.2: Unfit Dwellings Reported in 1873 by District ………………………………….…. 20 2.3: Unfit Dwellings Reported in 1875 by District ………………………………….…. 21 2.4: Unfit Dwellings Reported in 1877 by District ………………………………….…. 21 3.1: Consumption of foodstuff in Vienna in the Years 1830, 1870 and 1913 ……….…. 38 3.2: The Danube Before Regulation ………………………………………………….…. 42 3.3 The Danube After Regulation …………………………………………………….….
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Vienna Children and Youth Strategy 2020 – 2025 Publishing Details Editorial
    The Vienna Children and Youth Strategy 2020 – 2025 Publishing Details Editorial Owner and publisher: In 2019, the City of Vienna introduced in society. Thus, their feedback was Vienna City Administration the Werkstadt Junges Wien project, a taken very seriously and provided the unique large-scale participation pro- basis for the definition of nine goals Project coordinators: cess to develop a strategy for children under the Children and Youth Stra- Bettina Schwarzmayr and Alexandra Beweis and young people with the aim of tegy. Now, Vienna is for the first time Management team of the Werkstadt Junges Wien project at the Municipal Department for Education and Youth giving more room to the requirements bundling efforts from all policy areas, in cooperation with wienXtra, a young city programme promoting children, young people and families of Vienna’s young residents. The departments and enterprises of the “assignment” given to the children city and is aligning them behind the Contents: and young people participating in shared vision of making the City of The contents were drafted on the basis of the wishes, ideas and concerns of more than 22,500 children and young the project was to perform a “service Vienna a better place for all children people in consultation with staff of the Vienna City Administration, its associated organisations and enterprises check” on the City of Vienna: What and young people who live in the city. and other experts as members of the theme management groups in the period from April 2019 to December 2019; is working well? What is not working responsible for the content: Karl Ceplak, Head of Youth Department of the Province of Vienna well? Which improvements do they The following strategic plan presents suggest? The young participants were the results of the Werkstadt Junges Design and layout: entirely free to choose the issues they Wien project and outlines the goals Die Mühle - Visual Studio wanted to address.
    [Show full text]
  • C Semmelweisâ•Žs 19Th-Century Cure for Deadly Childbed Fever Ignored
    Headwaters Volume 29 Article 3 2016 Dr. Ignác Semmelweis’s 19th-Century Cure for Deadly Childbed Fever Ignored in Vienna’s Maternity Wards: His Sympathy for Women Victims and Their Newborns Costs Professional Standing Anna Lisa Ohm College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/headwaters Part of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, and the Women's History Commons Recommended Citation Ohm, Anna Lisa (2016) "Dr. Ignác Semmelweis’s 19th-Century Cure for Deadly Childbed Fever Ignored in Vienna’s Maternity Wards: His Sympathy for Women Victims and Their Newborns Costs Professional Standing," Headwaters: Vol. 29, 23-35. Available at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/headwaters/vol29/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Headwaters by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ANNA LISA OHM ____________________________________ Dr. Ignác Semmelweis’s 19th-Century Cure for Deadly Childbed Fever Ignored in Vienna’s Maternity Wards: His Sympathy for Women Victims and Their Newborns Costs Professional Standing For some 19th-century women ready to give birth, even a public street was preferable to a bed in an accredited hospital delivery ward where statistics suggested a massacre of women and newborns throughout Europe and the United States. Puerperal septicemia, commonly called childbed fever, was the culprit, and nobody in the world’s medical or scientific community at the time knew how to control its epidemic proportions.
    [Show full text]
  • Vienna General Hospital and the “Narrenturm” – “Fool’S Tower” Vienna General Hospital Was Established in 1784 by the Order of Emperor Joseph II
    Barish et al Breast Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease 43. Burstein HJ, Temin S, Anderson H, Buchholz TA, Davidson NE, Gelmon az-ca/downloads/productinformation/arimidex-product-monograph-en. KE, Giordano SH, Hudis CA, Rowden D, Solky AJ, Stearns V, Winer EP, pdf. Accessed December 11, 2018. Griggs JJ. Adjuvant endocrine therapy for women with hormone recep- 47. Khosrow-Khavar F, Filion KB, Al-Qurashi S, Torabi N, Bouganim N, Suissa tor-positive breast cancer: american society of clinical oncology clinical S, Azoulay L. Cardiotoxicity of aromatase inhibitors and tamoxifen in post- practice guideline focused update. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32:2255–2269. doi: menopausal women with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta- 10.1200/JCO.2013.54.2258 analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Oncol. 2017;28:487–496. 44. Amir E, Seruga B, Niraula S, Carlsson L, Ocaña A. Toxicity of adjuvant en- doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdw673 docrine therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer patients: a systematic 48. Haque R, Shi J, Schottinger JE, Chung J, Avila C, Amundsen B, Xu X, Barac review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103:1299–1309. doi: A, Chlebowski RT. Cardiovascular Disease After Aromatase Inhibitor Use. STATE OF THE ART STATE 10.1093/jnci/djr242 JAMA Oncol. 2016;2:1590–1597. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.0429 45. Buzdar A, Howell A, Cuzick J, Wale C, Distler W, Hoctin-Boes G, Hough- 49. Coates AS, Keshaviah A, Thürlimann B, Mouridsen H, Mauriac L, Forbes ton J, Locker GY and Nabholtz JM. Comprehensive side-effect pro- JF, Paridaens R, Castiglione-Gertsch M, Gelber RD, Colleoni M, Láng I, Del file of anastrozole and tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment for early-stage Mastro L, Smith I, Chirgwin J, Nogaret JM, Pienkowski T, Wardley A, Ja- breast cancer: long-term safety analysis of the ATAC trial.
    [Show full text]
  • The Empire in the Provinces: the Case of Carinthia
    religions Article The Empire in the Provinces: The Case of Carinthia Helmut Konrad Institut für Geschichte, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Attemsgasse 8/II, [505] 8010 Graz, Austria; [email protected] Academic Editors: Malachi Hacohen and Peter Iver Kaufman Received: 16 May 2016; Accepted: 1 August 2016; Published: 5 August 2016 Abstract: This article examines the legacy of the Habsburg Monarchy in the First Austrian Republic, both in the capital, Vienna, and in the province of Carinthia. It concludes that Social Democracy, often cited as one of the six ingredients that held the old Empire together, took on distinct forms in the Republic’s different federal states. The scholarly literature on the post-1918 “heritage” of the Monarchy therefore needs to move beyond monolithic generalizations and toward regionally focused comparative studies. Keywords: empire; socialism; Jews; Habsburg Monarchy; Austria; Vienna; Carinthia; German Nationalism; Sprachenkampf 1. Introduction Which forms did the ideas take that allowed the Habsburg monarchy to persist, despite the diversity of nationalisms present in the small Republic of German-Austria, for so long after the end of the First World War? What was the “glue” that held this multiethnic empire together, when its collapse had been predicted since 1848, and which of its elements continued to exist beyond 1918? How was this heritage expressed in the different regions of the new republic? At least six factors can be identified as ingredients of the “glue” that held the monarchy together: first, the Emperor, a figure who symbolized the fusion of the complex linguistic, ethnic and religious components of the Habsburg state; second, the administrative officials, who were loyal to the Emperor and worked in the ubiquitous and even architecturally similar buildings of the Monarchy’s district authorities and train stations; third, the army, whose members promoted the imperial ideals through their long terms of service and acknowledged linguistic diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Footpath Description
    Weg von Wien, Franzosengraben 15 nach Dänenstraße N Hugo- Bezirksamt Wolf- Park Donaupark Döbling (XIX.) Lorenz- Ignaz- Semmelweis- BUS Dänenstraße Böhler- UKH Feuerwache Kaisermühlen Frauenklinik Fin.- BFI Fundamt BUS Türkenschanzpark Verkehrsamt Bezirksamt amt Brigittenau Türkenschanzplatz Währinger Lagerwiese Park Rettungswache (XX.) Gersthof BUS Finanzamt Brigittenau Pensionsversicherung Brigittenau der Angestellten Orthopädisches Rudolf- BUS Donauinsel Kh. Gersthof Czartoryskigasse WIFI Bednar- Währing Augarten Schubertpark Park Dr.- Josef- 10A Resch- Platz Evangelisches AlsergrundLichtensteinpark BUS Richthausenstraße Krankenhaus A.- Carlson- Wettsteinpark Anl. BUS Hernalser Hauptstr./Wattgasse Bezirksamt Max-Winter-Park Allgemeines Krankenhaus Verk.- Verm.- Venediger Au Hauptfeuerwache BUS Albrechtskreithgasse der Stadt Wien (AKH) Amt Amt Leopoldstadt W.- Leopoldstadt Hernals Bezirksamt Kössner- Leopoldstadt Volksprater Park BUS Wilhelminenstraße/Wattgasse (II.) Polizeidirektion Krankenhaus d. Barmherz. Brüder Confraternität-Privatklinik Josefstadt Rudolfsplatz DDSG Zirkuswiese BUS Ottakringer Str./Wattgasse Pass-Platz Ottakring Schönbornpark Rechnungshof Konstantinhügel BUS Schuhmeierplatz Herrengasse Josefstadt Arenawiese BUS Finanzamt Rathauspark U Stephansplatz Hasnerstraße Volksgarten WienU Finanzamt Jos.-Strauss-Park Volkstheater Heldenplatz U A BUS Possingergasse/Gablenzgasse U B.M.f. Finanzen U Arbeitsamt BezirksamtNeubau Burggarten Landstraße- Rochusgasse BUS Auf der Schmelz Mariahilf Wien Mitte / Neubau BezirksamtLandstraßeU
    [Show full text]
  • Notes of Michael J. Zeps, SJ
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette History Faculty Research and Publications History Department 1-1-2011 Documents of Baudirektion Wien 1919-1941: Notes of Michael J. Zeps, S.J. Michael J. Zeps S.J. Marquette University, [email protected] Preface While doing research in Vienna for my dissertation on relations between Church and State in Austria between the wars I became intrigued by the outward appearance of the public housing projects put up by Red Vienna at the same time. They seemed to have a martial cast to them not at all restricted to the famous Karl-Marx-Hof so, against advice that I would find nothing, I decided to see what could be found in the archives of the Stadtbauamt to tie the architecture of the program to the civil war of 1934 when the structures became the principal focus of conflict. I found no direct tie anywhere in the documents but uncovered some circumstantial evidence that might be explored in the future. One reason for publishing these notes is to save researchers from the same dead end I ran into. This is not to say no evidence was ever present because there are many missing documents in the sequence which might turn up in the future—there is more than one complaint to be found about staff members taking documents and not returning them—and the socialists who controlled the records had an interest in denying any connection both before and after the civil war. Certain kinds of records are simply not there including assessments of personnel which are in the files of the Magistratsdirektion not accessible to the public and minutes of most meetings within the various Magistrats Abteilungen connected with the program.
    [Show full text]
  • The Jewish Middle Class in Vienna in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
    The Jewish Middle Class in Vienna in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries Erika Weinzierl Emeritus Professor of History University of Vienna Working Paper 01-1 October 2003 ©2003 by the Center for Austrian Studies (CAS). Permission to reproduce must generally be obtained from CAS. Copying is permitted in accordance with the fair use guidelines of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976. CAS permits the following additional educational uses without permission or payment of fees: academic libraries may place copies of CAS Working Papers on reserve (in multiple photocopied or electronically retrievable form) for students enrolled in specific courses; teachers may reproduce or have reproduced multiple copies (in photocopied or electronic form) for students in their courses. Those wishing to reproduce CAS Working Papers for any other purpose (general distribution, advertising or promotion, creating new collective works, resale, etc.) must obtain permission from the Center for Austrian Studies, University of Minnesota, 314 Social Sciences Building, 267 19th Avenue S., Minneapolis MN 55455. Tel: 612-624-9811; fax: 612-626-9004; e-mail: [email protected] 1 Introduction: The Rise of the Viennese Jewish Middle Class The rapid burgeoning and advancement of the Jewish middle class in Vienna commenced with the achievement of fully equal civil and legal rights in the Fundamental Laws of December 1867 and the inter-confessional Settlement (Ausgleich) of 1868. It was the victory of liberalism and the constitutional state, a victory which had immediate and phenomenal demographic and social consequences. In 1857, Vienna had a total population of 287,824, of which 6,217 (2.16 per cent) were Jews.
    [Show full text]
  • The Undermining of Austria-Hungary Also by Mark Cornwall
    The Undermining of Austria-Hungary Also by Mark Cornwall THE DEVIL'S WALL: The Nationalist Youth Mission of Heinz Rutha The Undermining of Austria-Hungary The Battle for Hearts and Minds Mark Cornwall pal grave macmillan © john Mark Cornwall 2000 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2000 978-0-333-80452-0 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or * transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1 N 8TS Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin's Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-42240-1 ISBN 978-0-230-28635-1 (eBook) DOI10.1057/9780230286351 Outside North America Inside North America ISBN 978-0-312-23151-4 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of Semmelweis, the Doctor Who Discovered That Handwashing Could Save Lives
    THE STORY OF SEMMELWEIS, THE DOCTOR WHO DISCOVERED THAT HANDWASHING COULD SAVE LIVES Ramón Bertó Manager director at BETELGEUX-CHRISTEYNS BSc in Biology (University of Valencia, Spain 1989). MSc in Food Safety (Official Veterinary Association 2005) MBA (School of Industrial Organisation, 2007) In the midst of the coronavirus crisis and commemorating the Global Handwashing Day on 15th October, we are about to look at the story of Ignaz Semmelweis, the doctor who taught the world that proper handwashing could prevent infections and save lives. Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis was born in 1818, in Taban, the Ignaz Semmelweis great achievement was, in the middle capital of Hungary. He was the fifth of seven brothers of the 19th century, to discover the infectious nature of and the son of merchants. Hungary was then part of the puerperal fever (“childbirth fever”), and he managed Austro-Hungarian Empire, whose capital was Vienna. to control its onset with a simple antisepsis measure, Semmelweis began his medical studies in Hungary, struggling with the opposition of his medical colleagues and later moved to the University of Vienna where he who did not accept his observations, which, for the graduated as an obstetrician in August 1844, assisting first time in the history of medicine, were supported by women during pregnancy and delivery. Popularly known a large amount of statistical data. He discovered that as the “Saviour of Mothers,” he discovered that the nosocomial infection of patients by the contaminated incidence of puerperal fever could significantly fall with hands of healthcare workers was a major method of hand disinfection in obstetric clinics.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecri Report on Austria
    CRI(2015)34 ECRI REPORT ON AUSTRIA (fifth monitoring cycle) Adopted on 16 June 2015 Published on 13 October 2015 ECRI Secretariat Directorate General II - Democracy Council of Europe F-67075 STRASBOURG Cedex Tel.: + 33 (0) 3 90 21 46 62 Fax: + 33 (0) 3 88 41 39 87 E-mail: [email protected] www.coe.int/ecri ECRI REPORT ON AUSTRIA (fifth monitoring cycle) Adopted on 16 June 2015 Published on 13 October 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ................................................................................................................ 7 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 9 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................... 11 I. COMMON TOPICS ......................................................................................... 11 1. LEGISLATION AGAINST RACISM AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION ........................ 11 - PROTOCOL NO. 12 TO THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS (ECHR) .................................................................................................... 11 - CRIMINAL LAW ........................................................................................... 11 - CIVIL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW ................................................................. 13 - SPECIALISED NATIONAL BODIES .................................................................. 16 2. HATE SPEECH ........................................................................................... 17 -
    [Show full text]
  • Building an Unwanted Nation: the Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Carolina Digital Repository BUILDING AN UNWANTED NATION: THE ANGLO-AMERICAN PARTNERSHIP AND AUSTRIAN PROPONENTS OF A SEPARATE NATIONHOOD, 1918-1934 Kevin Mason A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2007 Approved by: Advisor: Dr. Christopher Browning Reader: Dr. Konrad Jarausch Reader: Dr. Lloyd Kramer Reader: Dr. Michael Hunt Reader: Dr. Terence McIntosh ©2007 Kevin Mason ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Kevin Mason: Building an Unwanted Nation: The Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934 (Under the direction of Dr. Christopher Browning) This project focuses on American and British economic, diplomatic, and cultural ties with Austria, and particularly with internal proponents of Austrian independence. Primarily through loans to build up the economy and diplomatic pressure, the United States and Great Britain helped to maintain an independent Austrian state and prevent an Anschluss or union with Germany from 1918 to 1934. In addition, this study examines the minority of Austrians who opposed an Anschluss . The three main groups of Austrians that supported independence were the Christian Social Party, monarchists, and some industries and industrialists. These Austrian nationalists cooperated with the Americans and British in sustaining an unwilling Austrian nation. Ultimately, the global depression weakened American and British capacity to practice dollar and pound diplomacy, and the popular appeal of Hitler combined with Nazi Germany’s aggression led to the realization of the Anschluss .
    [Show full text]
  • Associate Professor, Department of History
    Matthew Paul Berg Professor, Department of History John Carroll University 1 John Carroll Boulevard University Heights, Ohio 44118 Office 216.397.4763 Fax: 216.397.4175 E-mail: [email protected] Education Ph.D. University of Chicago 1993 M.A. University of Chicago 1985 B.A. University of California, Los Angeles 1984 Additional Training January 2009. Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies Hess Seminar, “The Holocaust and other Genocides,” USHMM, Washington DC. 2002-2003. Participant, Association of American Colleges & Universities Workshop “The Liberal Education and Global Citizenship: The Arts of Democracy.” June 2002. United Nations International Conflict Research Seminar “Dealing with the Past.” University of Ulster/Magee Campus, Derry, Northern Ireland. January 2002. Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies Hess Seminar “The Concentration Camp System,” USHMM, Washington DC. July 2002. “Summer Academy on the OSCE.” Austrian Study Center for Peace and Conflict Resolution Schlaining, Austria. June 2000. “Foundation Course, International Civilian Peace-Keeping and Peace-Building.” Austrian Study Center for Peace and Conflict Resolution, Schlaining, Austria. Teaching Experience 2008 – Professor of History, John Carroll University 2000 – 2008 Associate Professor, Department of History, John Carroll University 1994 – 2000 Assistant Professor, Department of History, John Carroll University 1993 – 1994 Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of History, University of Toledo 1991 – 1993 Lecturer, Social Sciences Collegiate Division and Department of History, University of Chicago Berg, CurriculumVitae, 1 Matthew Paul Berg Courses Taught •First Year Seminar. •Introduction to Human Rights. •World Civilizations to 1600 / World Civilizations since 1600. •20th Century Global History. •World War One and Modernity. •The Cold War. •Justice & Democracy in a Global Context. •History as Art & Science (departmental methods course).
    [Show full text]