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1Jbtc Aucstcn I\Ctscbcrtcbtc Iibcr ~Amtbta 1JBtc aucstcn i\ctscbcrtcbtc Professor E. Moritz sammelte die altesten schriftlichen Nachrichten Ober die vorkoloniale Ara im heutigen Namibia. Die vorliegende Veroffentlichung enthalt 25 authentische Berichte, die zwischen 1760 und 1842 durch verschiedene Autoren geschrieben wurden. Die meisten iibcr ~amtbta dieser Berichte sind unbekannt oder schwer zuganglich, gehoren aber zu den wichtigsten Dokumenten Ober die frOhe Siedlungsgeschichte, Wirtschaft und Kultur der Bevolkerungsgruppen im SOden und Zentrum Gesammelt und herausgegeben 1915 von Namibias. Die Oorlam-Nama mit ihren Oberlegenen Waffen drangen immer weiter nordwarts vor, unterwarfen oder vernichteten die meisten Professor Dr. E. Moritz Damara und "Buschleute", waren aber auch untereinander oft in blutige Kampfe verwickelt und dehnten ihre RaubzOge schlieBlich in das Wohngebiet der Herero aus. lnmitten dieser Auseinandersetzungen bemOhten sich Missionare unter groBen Opfern und Gefahren, ihren religiosen Auftrag zu erfOllen und die Feindseligkeiten einzuschranken. Dieses Buch schildert auch, mit welch enormen Schwierigkeiten die ersten weiBen Jager und Forscher nach Oberquerung des Oranjeflusses konfrontiert wurden und was eine Schiffsmannschaft bei den Ausflugen ins Swakop- und Kuisebtal erlebte. I SB N 99916-40·13-4 .l.J.UJU Die altesten Reiseberichte iiber Namibia 1482 - 1852 Gesammelt und herausgegeben 1915 von Professor Dr. E. Moritz Teil I Die 25 friihesten Landreisen 1760 - 1842 Mit einer Kartenbeilage und 49 Abbildungen Vorwort und Bearbeitung Maria Fisch L Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort zu dieser Auflage . 5 Vorbemerkung . 8 Verzeichnis der Abbildungen . 10 1. Bericht des Burgers Jacobus Coetse Jansz iiber seinen Jagdzug ins Land der GroB-Namaquas. 1760 . 13 2. Anweisung for den Kapitiin der 4. Komp. BUrger-Dragoner Hendrik Hop fiir seine Reise. 1761 . 19 3. Tagebuch iiber die Reise des Kapitiins Hendrik Hop nach dem GroB­ Namalande. 1761 bis 1762 . 25 4. Bericht iiber die Stiimme des GroB-Namalandes von T. Roos und P. Marais. 1762 . 49 ISBN 99916-40-13-4 5. Bericht iiber Kupferfunde im Namalande von C.C. Rykvoet. 1764 . 55 © Namibia Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft 6. Patersons StreifzUge Uber den Oranje. 1778 und 1779 . 59 Postfach 67 7. Tagebuch Uber die Reise des Willem van Reenen nach dem Lande der Windhoek I Namibia Damaras. 1791 bis 1792 . 69 1999 8. Tagebuch iiber die Fahrt des Schiffes ,,Mermin" von Sebastiaan Alie Rechte vorbehalten. Nachdruck und Vervielfiiltigung durch alle Valentijn van Reenen. 1793 ................................. 77 Verfahren, einschlieBlich elektronischer Speicherung und Herstellung 9. Barrows Schilderung des Kupferschmelzens bei den Damaras. von Mikrofilmen, sowie jede Ubertragung auf Papier, Transparente, 1797 und 1798 ................ ...... ................ .... 93 Filme, Tonbander und andere Medien ohne vorherige schriftliche 10. Beobachtungen im GroB-Namalande. Von Missionar A. Albrecht. 1806 . 95 Genehmigung des Copyright-Inhabers nicht gestattet. 11. Reise zur Erforschung der Oranje-Mtindung, des GroB-Nama- und Damaralandes. Von Missionar J. H. Schmelen. 1814 . 103 Die altesten Reiseberichte i.iber Namibia 1482 - 1852 12. H. Schmelens Brief iiber seine Reise im GroB-Namalande. Klipfontein, Gesammelt und herausgegeben 1915 von den 29. Juli 1814 ........ .......... ................... .. ... 117 Professor Dr. Eduard Moritz 13. Campbells Bericht von GroB-Nama- und Damaraland. 1815 ......... 121 14. Tagebuch des Missionars James Kitchingman iiber seine Reise im Teil 1 N ordosten von Bethanien. 1820 . I 29 Die 25 fri.ihesten Landreisen 1760 - 1842 15. Shaws Schilderung des GroB-Namalandes. 1821 ... .............. 139 mit einer Kartenbeilage und 49 Abbildungen Bearbeitung und Vorwort von Maria Fisch 16. Ausziige aus dem Tagebuche des Missionars Archbell. 1821 bis 1822 .. 143 17. Kurzer Bericht Schmelens tiber seine Reise nach der Walfischbai. Umschlagbild: Dorfleben im Gro/3-Narnaland 1824 bis 1825 ....... ... .... ............ .................. 145 Reproduktion nach J. Chapman ( 1971, I: 169) 18. Ermordung des Missionars Threlfall. 1825 .................. .. ... 147 19. Kapitiin Owens Mitteilungen iiber Walfischbai und Angra-Pequena. 1825 151 Verlag: Namibia Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft 20. Thomsons Schilderung des GroB-Nama- und Damaralandes. 1827 ..... 157 Postfach 67 21. Philip: Mitteilungen aus GroB-Namaland. 1828 . .................. 165 Windhoek I Namibia 22. Backhouses Reise nach Warmbad. 1840 ......... .... ........ ... 167 23. Ausztige aus den Briefen des Missionars Edward Cook iiber GroB- I .Auflage 1999 Namaland. 1840 ................. ... ................ ...... 189 24. Moffats Reise zum FischfluB. 1842 ............................ 195 Satz: PROtype, Postfach 5668, Windhoek, Namibia 25. Aus dem Tagebuche des Missionars Kleinschmidt iiber seine Reise nach Druck: John Meinert Printing, Postfach 56, Windhoek, Namibia Bethanien und Eikhams. 1842 ................................ 201 2 3 Vorwort Professor Dr. Eduard Moritz lebte von 1864 bis 1940 und bekleidete wahrscheinlich einen Lehrstuhl ftir Geschichte in Berlin. Er machte mehrere Reisen in die damalige deutsche Kolonie Si.idwestafrika und verfaBte unter anderem die folgenden Bucher und Schriften: Die Tirashochflache; die Huibhochflache; das Schulwesen in Deutsch-Si.idwestafrika; Reisestudien aus Si.idwestafrika; die Deutschen am Kap unter hollandischer Herrschaft.' In sorgfaltiger Arbeit sammelte E. Moritz auch die filtesten schriftlichen Nachrichten i.iber die vorkoloniale Ara im heutigen Namibia, die er in verschiedenen Ausgaben der ,,Mitteilungen aus den deutschen Schutzgebieten", einer Beilage zum ,,Deutschen Kolonialblatt" (Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohne in Berlin) unter dem Titel ,,Die altesten Reiseberichte i.iber Deutsch-SUdwestafrika" herausgab. Teil I der dreiteiligen Serie erschien 1915 im Band 28 der ,,Mitteilungen" und berichtet vorwiegend Uber die altesten Landreisen (vergl. unten). Tei! II folgte 1916 im Band 29 der ,,Mitteilungen" und ist aus den Tagebi.ichern und Briefen der Mitglieder der Rheinischen Missionsgesellschaft aus dem Zeitraum 1842 bis 1852 zusammengestellt. Diese vermitteln nicht nur einen Einblick in die Erfolge und vielerlei Schwierigkeiten der damaligen Missionsarbeit, sondern enthal­ ten auch eine FUlle an landeskundlichen und historischen lnformationen. Teil Ill hat Moritz im Jahre 1918 im Band 31 der ,,Mitteilungen aus den deutschen Schutzgebieten" veroffentlicht und darin die altesten Berichte der Schiffsbesatzungen zusammengefaBt, die ab 1482 die narnibische Ki.iste befuhren und erforschten, ohne daB es zu einer dauerhaften Besitzergreifung kam. Es folgen verschiedene Berichte Uber Reisen in das Gebiet slidlich des Oranje, die der Welt zum ersten Mai Nachrichten Uber die nordlich des Flusses lebende Bevolkerung brachten. Den AbschluB von Teil III bilden Berichte der Londoner Missionsgesell­ schaft Uber die Ereignisse bei dem strategisch wichtigen Missionszentrum Warm­ bad zwischen 1805 und 1818. Die von E. Moritz gesammelten authentischen und altesten Reiseberichte Uber das heutige Namibia sind weiten Leserkreisen unbekannt und nur schwer zuganglich. Sie gehoren jedoch zu den wichtigsten Quellen und Dokumenten Uber die frUhe Siedlungsgeschichte, Wirtschaft und Kultur der einheimischen Bevolke­ rungsgruppen im SUden und Zentrum Namibias. Die mit Akribie zusammengetra­ genen Lebensdaten der einzelnen Autoren bilden eine zusatzliche Bereicherung. Darum hat sich die Namibia Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft entschlossen, zunachst Tei! I der dreiteiligen Serie in Uberarbeiteter Form herauszubringen. ' Weitere Personalangaben sind weder in seinen Veroffentlichungen noch in Nachschlage­ werken zu finden. 5 Die vorliegende Veroffentlichung (Tei! l) besteht aus 25 Berichten, die zwi­ schlechter Erfahrungen mit Walfangern, die sich Ubergriffe erlaubt und einheimi­ schen 1760 und 1842 durch verschiedene Autoren geschrieben wurden. Wir sche Frauen beliistigt hatten. erfahren, wie die Nama-Hottentotten in Schiiben aus Siidafrika in Namibia einwan­ Ab 1806 beginnt mit der Niederlassung der Londoner Missionsgesellschaft, ~erten , s'.ch immer weitere Gebiete aneigneten und mit Hilfe ihrer iiberlegenen der bald Wesleyan Methodisten folgten, ein neues Kapitel der narnibischen Ge­ ~~ffen ~1e Damara und verschiedene Wildbeutergruppen (Topnaar und ,,Buschleu­ schichte. lhre Stationen wurden zu Anziehungspunkten groBer Menschenmengen, te ) ente1gneten und unterwarfen, vermchteten oder vertrieben. Die in aride Gebiete denn auBer dem Schul- und Religionsunterricht boten sie auch Arbeits­ versprengten Volkssplitter, die sich der Horigkeit widersetzten, entwickelten moglichkeiten, eine gewisse Sicherheit und geistliche Heimat in dem Kriegsgetiim­ riiuberische und rachsiichtige Eigenschaften und wurden darum von alien anderen mel. Die Missionare scheuten keine Miihe, die Vernichtung der wehrschwachen Ethnien gehaBt und blutig verfolgt. Die Nama waren auch untereinander oft in chro­ WildbeutervOlker zu bremsen, die Raubziige einzudiimmen und friedliche Bezie­ ni sc h -b lutig~ Kontlikte verwickelt, so daB die Bevolkerungszahl zuriickging und hungen zwischen verfeindeten Namafraktionen herzustellen. Aber oft wurden mehrere klerne Stiimme ganz aufgerieben wurden. Die Oorlam-Nama dehnten ihre Erfolg und Hoffnung iiberschattet durch die berechtigte Furcht der Missionars­ Raubziige langsam auch bis in das Wohngebiet der Herero aus, und eine Verschie­ familien, unfreiwillig in die Konflikte einbezogen, ve1trieben oder ermordet zu bung des urspriinglichen
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