April 2010 THE STATE OF THE RIGHT: GREAT BRITAIN David HANLEY www.fondapol.org THE STATE OF THE RIGHT: GREAT BRITAIN David HANLEY The Fondation pour l’innovation politique is a liberal, progressive and European foundation President: Nicolas Bazire Vice-president: Charles Beigbeder Chief Executive Officer: Dominique Reynié
[email protected] General Secretary: Corinne Deloy
[email protected] THE STATE OF THE RIGHT: GREAT BRITAIN David HANLEY Emeritus Professor of European Studies at the University of Cardiff (Wales) In comparison with most continental states, the terms “left” and “right” are used infrequently in British political discourse. This does not mean that such realities do not exist in Britain: they do in all developed states. It is simply that the British label them differently. British people usually refer to the opposition between Conservatives (or Tories1) and Labour. In other words, the right-left distinction, which in France is sometimes also understood as an opposition between “order” and “movement”, is seen as being firmly incarnated within two institutions, namely the main political parties. There is no real tradition of theorising the nature of the right almost independently of those forces in which it finds expression. An approach such René Rémond’s, which postulates the existence of (at least) three distinct types of right-wing tradition in France, could have no real equivalent in Britain.2 At most, one could speak of a number of variants of conservatism, but all these would be understood as lying firmly within the ambit of one major historical party. Using the classic typology of modern parties developed by Stein Rokkan, it is clear that the British two-class/two-party model (as the British party system has been called) postulates an opposition between the interests of the propertied (understood very broadly) and those of the propertyless.3 1.