Tezpur University

TEZPUR UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS :: TEZPUR UNIVERSITY : TEZPUR: ASSAM

M Sc Physics , 2009 Course Structure

First Semester Course Course Name L T P CH CR Code PH-400 Physics Lab. - I 0 0 10 10 5 PH-401 Classical Mechanics – I 2 1 0 3 3 PH-402 Quantum Mechanics - I 2 1 0 3 3 PH-403 Mathematical Methods of Physics - I 2 1 0 3 3 PH-404 Electromagnetic Theory - I 2 1 0 3 3 PH-405 Semiconductor Devices 2 1 0 3 3 PH-413 Computational Techniques 2 0 2 4 3

Second Semester PH-407 Quantum Mechanics - II 2 1 0 3 3 PH-501 Condensed Matter Physics & Material Science - 2 1 0 3 3 I PH-503 Atomic & Molecular Physics 2 1 0 3 3 PH-410 Analog & Digital Electronics 2 1 2 5 4 PH-411 Statistical Physics 2 1 0 3 3 PH-499 Physics Lab. - II 0 0 10 10 5

Third Semester PH-500 Project Work - I 0 0 10 10 5 PH-409 Mathematical Methods of Physics - II 2 1 0 3 3 PH-415 Nuclear Theory & Particle Physics 2 1 0 3 3 PH-504 Laser Physics (E&P spl) 2 1 0 3 3 PH-522 Communication Systems (E&P spl) 2 1 0 3 3 PH-506 Physics of Thin Films (CMP spl) 2 1 0 3 3 PH-507 Physics of Low Temperature(CMP spl) 2 1 0 3 3 PH-519 Quantum Field Theory ( HE spl) 2 1 0 3 3 PH-521 Introduction to Parton Models ( HE spl) 2 1 0 3 3 PH-533 General Theory of Relativity 2 1 0 3 3 PH-536 Basic Astronomy and Astrophysics 2 1 0 3 3

Fourth Semester PH-509 Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science - 2 1 0 3 3 II PH-510 Fibre Optics and Optoelectronics 2 1 0 3 3 PH-511 Image Processing 2 1 0 3 3 PH-512 Physics of Remote Sensing Technique 2 1 0 3 3 PH-513 Photonic Devices 2 1 0 3 3 PH-514 Superconductivity & Critical Phenomena 2 1 0 3 3 PH-515 Physics of Integrated Circuits 2 1 0 3 3 PH-516 Probes of Solid State Physics 2 1 0 3 3 PH-517 Physics of Solid State Devices 2 1 0 3 3 PH-532 Quantum Electrodynamics 2 1 0 3 3 PH-599 Project Work –II 0 0 10 5 5 PH-520 Modern Particles Physics 2 1 0 3 3 PH-524 Digital Signal Processing 2 1 0 3 3 PH-526 Plasma Physics-I 2 1 0 3 3 PH-527 Plasma Physics-II 2 1 0 3 3 PH-534 Astrophysics and Cosmology 2 1 0 3 3 PH-535 Electromagnetic Theory-II 2 1 0 3 3 PH-537 Extragalactic and High Energy Astrophysics 2 1 0 3 3 PH-538 Introduction to Cosmology 2 1 0 3 3

Specialization Papers:

Condensed Matter Physics

Course Course Name L T P CH CR Code PH-509 Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science - 2 1 0 3 3 II

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PH-513 Photonic Devices 2 1 0 3 3 PH-517 Physics of Solid State Devices 2 1 0 3 3 PH-599 Project Work –II 0 0 10 5 5

High Energy Physics

Course Course Name L T P CH CR Code PH-509 Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science - 2 1 0 3 3 II PH-520 Modern Particles Physics 2 1 0 3 3

PH-532 Quantum Electrodynamics 2 1 0 3 3 PH-599 Project Work –II 0 0 10 5 5

Photonics and Electronics

Course Course Name L T P CH CR Code PH-510 Fibre Optics and Optoelectronics 2 1 0 3 3 PH-513 Photonic Devices 2 1 0 3 3 PH-524 Digital Signal Processing 2 1 0 3 3

PH-599 Project Work –II 0 0 10 5 5

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DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS :: TEZPUR UNIVERSITY : TEZPUR: ASSAM

M.Sc. Physics ( Year 2009)

DETAILED CURRICULUM L-T-P Credit

PH 400 Physics Lab - I 0-0-5 5

Not less than 9 experiments from the departmental lab. Course

PH 402 Quantum Mechanics - I 2-1-0 3 Blackbody radiation, Dual nature of matter, Disturbance of system by measurement. Linear vector space, Linear operators, Eigen function and Eigen values, Motion of a free wave packet, Postulates of quantum mechanics, Hermitian and Unitary operators, Correspondence principle, Uncertainty principle, The wave function, Operators in position representation, Schrödinger Equation, Heisenberg Equation, Life time and energy uncertainty of a state, Schrödinger equation for many particle system, Periodic boundary conditions. Infinite square well potential, Finite square well potential, Potential step function, Reflection and transmission from a potential barrier. Angular momentum operators in position representation, Relation between rotation and angular momentum, Invariance of L2, Eigen values and matrix elements of angular momentum operator. Discrete Eigenvalues, Linear harmonic oscillator, spherically symmetric particle in 3 dimensions, 3 dimensional square well potential, the hydrogen atom, Motion in a linear potential. Books: 1. Quantum Mechanics - L.S.Schiff, Tata McGraw Hill 2. Quantum Mechanics - Ghatak and Lokanathan

References: 1. Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics - Y.R.Waghmare, Wheeler publishing 2. Quantum Mechanics - Mathews and Venkatesan 3. Introduction of Quantum Mechanics - Pauling 4. Principles of Quantum Mechanics - P.Dirac, Oxford University Press 5. The Fundamental principles of Quantum Mechanics - E.C.Kemble

PH 403 Mathematical Methods of Physics – I 2-1-0 3 Beta and gamma functions: Relationship between the beta and gamma functions; Reduction of some classes of integrals to gamma functions; Sterling’s formula; Derivation of values of gamma functions. Useful polynomials: Series integration methods to solve 2nd order ordinary differential equations: Legendre polynomials; Bessel functions; Hermite polynomials; Laguerre polynomials; Differential equations; Generating functions; Recurrence relations; Rodrigue's formulae and Orthogonality of the special functions; Sturm-Liouville's theorem; Elements of hypergeometric functions; Dirac delta function; Green function.

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Fourier series: Evaluation of co-efficients; Graphical representations; Even and odd functions; Properties of Fourier series; Fourier integrals. Partial differential equations in physical problems: Laplace's equation; Poisson's equation; Heat flow equations; Wave equations; Helmholtz equations; Solutions of these equations; Eigen value problems; Boundary value problems; Method of separation of variables. Books: 1. Introduction to Mathematical Physics - Charles Harper, Prentice Hall 2. Mathematical Methods for Physicists - A.W.Joshi, Wiley Eastern 3. Mathematical Physics - B.Rajput & B.Gupta, Pragati Prakashan 4. Group Theory for Physicists - A.W.Joshi , Wiley Eastern

References: 1. The Mathematics of Physics and Chemistry - H.Morganeau and C.M.Purphy

PH 404 Electromagnetic Theory – I 2-1-0 3 Electronics, quadrupoles and multipoles, boundary value problems, Magnetostatics, Maxwell’s equations, Gauge transformation, Lorentz gauge, Coulomb gauge. Plane waves in isotropic dielectric, Reflection, Refraction and Polarization of e.m. waves, Propagation of e.m. waves through an isotropic crystal, Reflection from metal surfaces, Reflection from ionosphere, Dispersion and Scattering of e.m. waves, Anomalous dispersion, Energy and momentum in electrodynamics, Poynting theorem. Wave guides and cavity resonance, Reatarded potentials, Lenard-Wiechert potentials and e.m. fields of a moving point charge, Electric and magnetic dipole radiations, Power radiated by a moving point charge. Four vectors, Relativistic electrodynamics, Interdependence of electric and magnetic fields, Relativistic energy and momentum, Transformation of e.m. field, Invariance of Maxwell’s equations. Books: 1. Introduction to Electrodynamics - David J. Griffiths 2. Classical Electrodynamics - J. D. Jackson

References: 1. Foundations of electromagnetic theory - Ritz & Milliford 2. Electromagnetism - Slater & Frank 3. Fundamentals of electromagnetism - Wazed Miah, Tata McGraw Hill Feynman Lecture Volume II

PH 405 Semiconductor Devices 2-1-0 3 Basic semiconductor physics, Diodes -p-n junction, Schottky, Junction Transistors BJT, HBT, Field Effect Transistors-JFET, MESFET, MOSFET, HEMT,Optical Devices: Solar Cells, LED, Photovoltaic Cells, Semiconductor Laser, Power semiconductor devices – SCR, UJT, thyristors, diacs, and triacs, Display devices: Active and passive, construction of display devices, applications of LCD, ECD, PDP, ELD, Flat panel types CRT, Semiconductor Fabrication Technique: Diffusion, Epitaxy growth, Ion Implantation, Optical and Electron lithographical Technique, etching process, dielectric and polysilicon film depositions, metallization, Simulation of semiconductor devices (optional). References: 1. Electronic Devices & Circuits - Milliman & Halkias, McGraw Hill 2. Semiconductor Devices - Millman & Halkias 3. Electronic Principles - A.P.Malvino, McGraw Hill 4. Electronic Engineering Semiconductors and Devices- John Allison, McGraw Hill

PH 407 Quantum Mechanics - II 2-1-0 3 Space and time displacement in quantum mechanics, Rotation, Angular momentum and unitary groups, Combination of angular momentum states, Wigner-Eckert theorem, space inversion and time reversal, Dynamical symmetry.Spin angular momentum, Stern Gerlach experiment, Eigen functions of spin ½ particles, spin formalism, Particles with spin 1.Non-degenerate perturbation theory, Degenerate perturbation theory, Brillouin-Wigner perturbation theory, WKB approximation, The Raleigh Ritz variational method, Method of Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO), Variation method applied to He-like ions, Time dependent perturbation theory, Theory of radiation, Application of Fermi’s golden rule to high energy charge particle scattering.Klein Gordon equation, Dirac’s equation of electron, Dirac matrices, Charge and current densities, Dirac’s equation for a central field, The Pauli Equation, Negative energy states, The concept of positron, Second quantization, Quantization of non-relativistic Schrödinger equation, Elementary particles and their interaction, Parity non-conservation, Feynmann diagram. Books: All the books as prescribed under Quantum Mechanics - I (PH-402) References: All the books as prescribed under Quantum Mechanics - I (PH-402)

PH 535 Electromagnetic Theory – II 2-1-0 3 Boundary value problems in spherical coordinates, Multipolar decomposition of fields, Time dependence of Maxwell’s equations, Lagrangian

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& Hamiltonian of charged particle in an E & M field. Time dependent Maxwell’s equations-particularly plane wave solutions, Poynting theorem for complex field vectors, field equations in conducting medium. Theoretical foundation for radiation from a moving charge at both relativistic and non-relativistic velocities, parallel and perpendicular to the acceleration, Dynamics of relativistic particles and electromagnetic fields, Collisions, Energy loss and Scattering of charged particles, Cherenkov and Transition radiations, Synchrotron radiation, Radiation damping, Classical models of charged particles. Books: All the books as prescribed under Electromagnetic Theory - I (PH-404) References: All the books as prescribed under Electromagnetic Theory - I (PH-404)

PH 409 Mathematical Methods of Physics – II 2-1-0 3 Complex variables: Complex algebra; Graphical representation; Analytical functions; Cauchy-Riemann conditions; Complex integrations; Cauchy's theorem; Cauchy's integral formula; Residue; Cauchy's residue theorem. Elements of probability: Mathematical probability; Compound probability; Total probability; Sample space; Random variables; Expectation value; Averages; Mean; Standard deviation; Binomial distribution; Normal distribution; Variance, covariance and correlation; Theory of errors. Tensor analysis: Tensor in three or four dimensions; Rank of tensors; covariant and intravariant tensors; symmetric and antisymmetric tensors; Metric tensors; Christoffels symbols; Equation of a geodesic; Riemann - Christoffel tensor; Simple applications. Group theory: Group representation; Reducible and irreducible representation; Unitary group; Special unitary group; Lorentz group; Rotation group; Direct product; Group theory in physics. Integral transforms: Laplace transform; Hankel transform; Mellin transform; Fourier transform; Properties of Laplace and Fourier transforms; Application of Laplace and Fourier transforms. Books: All books prescribed under Mathematical Methods of Physics-I (PH-403) References: All books prescribed under Mathematical Methods of Physics-I (PH-403)

PH 410 Analog and Digital Electronics 2-1-2 4 Operational Amplifiers: Differential and operational amplifier circuits: Transistor review, differential circuits, current source biased amplifiers, multistage differential amplifiers, level shifting, complete operational amplifier. Characteristics of op-amps: open loop voltage gain, output offset, input resistance, output resistance, bandwidth, response time, power supply requirements.Op-Amp with and without feedback: open loop considerations- inverting, non-inverting, differential, feedback- voltage follower, Practical op-amps: Offset considerations- input offset voltage, input bias current, input offset current, thermal drift, effect of power supply voltage, other temperature sensitive parameters, noise, CMRR, maximum common mode input voltages, op-amp instrumentation circuits. Frequency response of an op-amp- Gain and phase shift vs. frequency, Bode plots, compensated frequency response, slew rate, Linear Applications: op-amp as ac amplifiers, summing and averaging circuits, integrators, differentiators, voltage-current converter, current- to voltage converter, analog computers, voltage regulators. Non-linear applications: voltage limiters, comparators, zero detector, Schmitt trigger, voltage to frequency and frequency to voltage converter, small-signal diodes, sample-and-hold circuits. Op-amp active filters and signal generators: active filters, first and second order low pass and high pass Butterworth filter, band reject filter, all-pass filter, oscillators- square-wave , triangular-wave, sawtooth-wave, Wien bridge, variable frequency signal generators, Digital Applications: Schmitt trigger, monostable multivibrators, D/A and A/D converters Digital Electronics,Boolean Algebra, gates, transistor switching times, INHIBIT (ENABLE) operation, De Morgan's laws, logic families and their comparison. Combinatorial digital systems: gate assemblies, binary adders, arithmetic functions, decoder/demultiplexer, data selector/multiplexer, encoder, ROM and applications. Sequential digital systems: flip-flops, shift registers and counters, random access memory (RAM), dynamic MOS circuits, MOS shift registers, MOS Read Only Memory, D/A and A/D systems, digital-to-analog converters, analog-to-digital converters, character generators. References: 1. Op-amps and Linear Integrated Circuits-R.A. Gayakward, Prentice Hall 2. Digital principles and applications - A.P.Malvino and Leach, Tata McGraw Hill 3. Integrated Electronics- J.Milliman &C.C. Halkias 4. Digital Systems-Tocci, PHI 5. Fundamentals of Digital Electronics- A.Kumar, PHI 6. Digital Computer Fundamentals-Bartee, McGraw Hill

PH 411 Statistical Physics 2-1-0 3 Basic postulates of classical ensemble theory, Liouville’s theorem, Microcanonical ensemble. Energy fluctuations in canonical ensemble, Thermodynamic function, Inadequacy of classical theory, Derivation of van der Waals’ equation from classical theory. Quantum ensemble theory, Density matrix and its physical significance, Quantum Liouville equation, Ideal Fermi and Bose gas, Equation of state, Diamagnetism, de Hass van Alphen effect, Pauli paramagnetism, photons, phonons, Bose Einstein Condensation, Neutron stars. Properties of liquid Helium II, Tisza’s two fluid model, Superfluidity, first and second sound, Landau’s theory of superfluidity.

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Phase transitions, Critical indices and dimensionality, Ising Model, Bragg and William approximations, Irreversible Processes. Onsager relations and applications. Books: 1. Statistical Physics - Landau & Lifshitz 2. Statistical Mechanics - K.Huang 3. Statistical Mechanics - R.K.Pathria 4. Statistical Physics - Reif

References: 1. Statistical Mechanics - F.S.R.Gopal 2. Modern Theoretical Physics - E.Harris, Vol. II

PH 413 Computational Techniques 2-1-0 3 Computer Fundamentals: Hardware and software; Operating systems - dos, windows, linux; Network, Spreadsheet, Word, Excel; c language; Graphics' Latex. Numerical Analysis: Solution of non-linear equations - Newton's method, method of false position (regular falsi); Solution of a system of linear equations - gaussian elimination, iterative methods (Jacobi and gauss-seidel methods); Interpolation - Newton’s interpolation formula; Numerical differentiation and integration - Simpson’s rule, trapezoidal rule, quadrature formula; Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations - Euler's method, runge-kutta method; Fitting of curves - principle of least squares. Simulation: A system and its model; The basic nature of simulation; The simulation of continuous and discrete systems - suitable examples; Stochastic simulation - generation of random numbers with different probability distributions; Examples of simulation in physics. Books: 1. Numerical Methods for Mathematics, Science & Engineering - Mathews 2. System Simulation with Digital Computer - Narsingh Deo

References: 1. Let us C - Yeshwant Kanetkar

PH 499 Physics Lab - II 0-0-5 5

Not less than 9 experiments from the departmental lab. Course

PH 500 Project Work I 0-0-5 5

To be done in the area of specialization.

PH 501 Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science – I 2-1-0 3 Fundamentals of crystallography: Unit cell, Bravais lattice, Wigner-Seitz cell, symmetry operations, 7-crystal system and 32 crystallographic point groups, space groups, Schoenflies and international notations, symmetry elements. Typical crystal structures: Face centered (fcc), body Centered (bcc) and simple (sc) cubic structures, closed packed structures: Hexagonal closed packed (hcp), Diamond and Zinc blende (ZnS) closed packed structures, NaCl, CsCl and cubic perovskite and wurtzite structures. Crystal diffraction: Concept of Miller indices, reciprocal lattice vectors (RPL), X-ray diffraction, Bragg's law of specular reflection, Edward construction, powder method, rotating crystal methods. Atomic scattering factor, geometrical structure factor of sc, bcc and fcc crystals, forbidden reflections and Debye-Waller factors. Elastic neutron scattering, comparison of electron, neutron and x-ray diffractions. Crystal binding: van der Waals binding, inert gases, ionic binding, Madelung constant, Madelung energy, covalent crystals, metals. Lattice vibrations in crystalline solids: Enumeration of modes, monatomic linear chain, infinite and finite boundary conditions, dispersion relation, diatomic chain, acoustical and optical modes, quantization of lattice vibrations, phonons. Einstein and Debye theory of specific heat of solids. Inelastic neutron scattering, analysis of data by generalized Ewald construction, dispersion relations, frequency distribution function. Nano structures, quasi crystals and fullerenes. Books: 1. Introduction to Solid State physics VII Edition - C. Kittel, Wiley, Eastern Ltd. 2. Solid State Physics - G.Burns 3. Solid State Physics - A. J. Dekker, Macmillan India Ltd. 4. Solid State Physics - N. W. Ashcroft & N. D. Mermin

References: 1. Solid State Physics - H.Ibach & H.Luth, Springer-Verlag 2. Introduction to the theory of Solid State Physics - J.D.Patterson 3. Introduction to lattice dynamics - A.K.Ghatak & L.S.Kothari 4. Solid State Physics - H.E.Hall 5. Introduction to Solids - L. V. Azaroff, Tata McGraw Hill

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PH 503 Atomic and Molecular Physics 2-1-0 3 Atomic emission and absorption spectra (AES and ASS), Series spectra in alkali and alkaline earths, LS and jj coupling in central field approximation. Spectra of diatomic molecules, pure rotation, pure vibration; vibration-rotation and electronic spectra: Born-Oppenheimer approximation and its application to molecular spectroscopy; Formation of bands, structure of bands. Dissociation and pre-dissociation. Valence-bond theory; Molecular orbital theory; Bonding and anti-bonding of electrons for equal nuclear charges; Energy level of symmetric top molecules; Potential energy function. Morse potential function; Raman spectroscopy; Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy (ESR); Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy; Mossbauer spectroscopy. Text Books: 1. Atomic & Molecular Spectra - H.E.White 2. Atomic Spectra & Atomic Structure - G.Herzberg 3. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy - C. N. Banwell Reference Books: 1. Atomic Spectra - H.R.Kuhn 2. Atoms, Molecules & Quanta - A.E.Ruark & H.C.Urey 3. Lasers - Bela A.Longyel

PH 599 Project Work II 0-0-5 5

To be done in the area of specialization.

Elective Courses

PH-401 Classical Mechanics - I 2-1-0 3 Introduction to variational calculus. Dynamics of particles, generalized co-ordinates, D’Alembert principle, Hamilton’s variational principle, Lagrange and Hamilton’s equations, principle of least action, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian for central forces, electromagnetic forces and coupled oscillators. Canonical variables, Poisson brackets, canonical transformations, Jacobi identity, cyclic co-ordinates and conservation laws.Elements of Hamilton-Jacobi theory, action and angle variable, centre of mass and laboratory systems, Kepler’s problem, Coulomb problem for attractive and repulsive forces, scattering cross sections under central forces. Small oscillators, normal co-ordinates and application to coupled oscillators, chain molecules, Coriolis forces, rotating frame, elementary treatment of Eulerian co-ordinates, equation of motion of a rigid body, motion of a symmetrical top. Review of relativity theory, general relativistic formulation, Newton’s laws, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation, covariant formulation. Books: 1. Classical Mechanics - Herbert Goldstein, Narosa Publishing House 2. Introduction to Classical Mechanics - Talkwale & Puranik, Tata McGraw Hill

References: 1. Classical Mechanics - Rana and Joag, Tata McGraw Hill 2. Classical Mechanics - S.N.Gupta

PH 415 Nuclear Theory and Particle Physics 2-1-0 3 Theory of β-decay, Curie plot, allowed and forbidden transitions, selection rules, electron capture, parity violations in β - decay, Gamma emission, transition probabilities, selection rules, multiple moments, lifetime, angular momentum and parity of excited states- their experimental determination, spin and magnetic moments of nucleon ground state and their experimental determination.Nuclear reactions, reaction channels, diffractive and resonance phenomena, one level Breit-Wigner formula, nuclear fission, Bohr-Wheeler theory, liquid drop model, nuclear shell model. Extensive air showers, theory of EAS, determination of EAS at ground level, Cerenkov and radio pulses associated with EAS and their determination. Conservation laws and symmetry principles of elementary physics, strangeness, isospin and hypercharge, Gellmann-Nishijima scheme, resonance states of hadrons, baryon spectroscopy, meson spectroscopy, eight fold way, quarks photon decay, W and Z bosons. Books: 1. Nuclear Physics- Roy & Nigam 2. Nuclear Physics - Y. R. Waghmare 3. Cosmic Ray - A. W. Wolfanbale 4. Nuclear Physics - D. C. Tayal

References: 1. Nuclear Physics - Green 2. Basic Nuclear Physics & Cosmic Relation - B.N.Srivastava

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PH 504 Laser Physics 2-1-0 3 Planck’s law, the Einstein's coefficient, two level atomic systems, light amplification, the threshold condition, laser rate equation, variation of laser power around threshold, optimum output coupling, line broadening mechanism. Modes of rectangular cavity and the open planar resonator, the quality factor, the ultimate bandwidth of laser, mode selection, Q-switching, mode locking of laser, modes of a confocal resonator system, General spherical resonator. Properties of laser beam. Ruby laser, Neodymium based laser, the He-Ne laser, the CO laser, Dye laser, semiconductor laser, DH lasers. Elements of nonlinear optics. Books: 1. Optical Electronics - Ghatak References: 1. Quantum Electronics - A.Yariv 2. Introduction to Low Dimensional Physics - J. H. Davis

PH 506 Physics of Thin Films 2-1-0 3 Thin films and thick films, their differences, deposition techniques of thin films and thick films, Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD), Chemical Vapour Deposition, Electroless or solution growth deposition, Electrochemical deposition (ECD), Screen printing of thin films.Nucleation and growth processes, structure of thin films, epitaxial growth (VPE, MBE, MOCVD, etc.), thin film thickness measurement, Analytical and characterization techniques.Mechanical, electrical, electronic and dielectric properties of thin films, Transport phenomena in semiconducting and insulator films, superconductivity of thin films and HTSCs (High Temperature superconductor films),Applications of thin films in electronics, thin films resistors, capacitors and active devices, thin film transducers, thin film, solar cells. Books: 1. Thin Film Fundamentals - A. Goswami, New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi References: 1. Handbook of Thin Film Technology - Aicha Elshabin-Read & Fred D Barlow III, McGraw Hill Publication 2. Preparation of Thin Films - Joy George, Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York (1992) 3. An Introduction to Physics and Technology of Thin Films - Alfred Wagendristel and Yuming Wang, World Scientific, Singapore (1994) 4. Handbook of Thin Film Technology - L. I. Maissel and R. Glang, McGraw Hill

PH 507 Physics of Low Temperature 2-1-0 3 Superfluidity of liquid He, phases of super fluid He, singlet & triplet state pairing. Production of low temperature, principles of gas liquefaction, basic thermodynamics, liquefaction cycles, liquefaction and refrigeration systems, liquid nitrogen and liquid Helium plants, storage and transfer of liquids/gases, heat exchangers, cooling with liquid Helium, dilution refrigerator, Adiabatic demagnetization of paramagnetic salts, nuclear demagnetisation, heat transfer and control, thermal contact and isolation, design of cryostats, vacuum techniques and materials for low temperatures. Landau theory, applied superconductivity, Josephson weak link devices, superconducting switches and amplifiers, computer memory, radiation detectors, high field superconducting magnets, superconducting machinery, RF superconducting devices, future prospects of research at low temperatures. Books: 1. Experimental Techniques in low temperature physics - G.K.White 2. Cryogenic Systems - R.Barren

References: 1. Experimental Cryophysics - F.E.Moare 2. Heat & Thermodynamics - Heu Hause & Zemansky

PH 509 Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science-II 2-1-0 3 Free electron theory of metals, electronic heat capacity, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, Wiedemann-Franz law.Motion of electrons in periodic potential, Bloch theorem, Kronig Penney model, band theory of solids, Brillouin zones; insulators, semiconductors and metals, Fermi surface, holes, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, concept of effective mass and law of mass action, study of Fermi surface; cyclotron resonance, de Hass-van Alphen effect, Electron motion in 2-dimension, Quantum Hall effect. Dia, para and ferro magnetism; Langevin’s theory of dia and para magnetism, Pauli paramagnetism, exchange interaction, spin waves and magnon dispersion relation, Neutron scattering from magnetic materials-structure studies, elements of ferrimagnetism and antiferromagnetism, Dielectric constant, polarizability, ferroelectricity, Clausius-Mossoti relations,Thermal conductivity of insulators, Normal and umklapp processes, Vacancies, Colour cenres, Luminescence, dislocations, Burgers vector, crystal growth. Books: All books prescribed under Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science-I (PH-501) References: All books prescribed under Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science-I (PH-501)

PH 510 Fiber Optics and Optoelectronics 2-1-0 3 Basic characteristics of optical fibres, attenuation and dispersion in different fibres, Mode theories and modal analysis. Propagation characteristics in single mode and multimode fibres, splices and connectors. Optical communication sources and detectors -basic semiconductor laser and laser diode characteristics, Avalanche and PIN photodetectors and their characteristics. Integrated optics.Fibre optic

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PH-511 Image Processing 2-1-0 3 Human vision system and image perception, psychophysical measurement, The law of Weber and Wqechner, Signal detection theory, Transfer characteristics, spatial characteristics of human vision, Noise effect. Colour vision, colour discrimination and chramaticness stability, colour vision theory, colour vision defects, spectroscopy and space perception. Image sampling and quantisation, 2-D system, image transfers, image coding and communication. Stochastic model for image representation, image enhancement, restoration and reconstruction, image analysis using multi-resolution techniques. Image compression, Image understanding, neural networks and image recognition. Books: 1. Digital Image Processing - Gonzales & Woods References: 1. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing - Anil K. Jain 2. Digital Image Processing - Pratt, Wiley Interscience

PH-512 Physics of Remote Sensing Techniques 2-1- 0 3 Energy source and radiation principles, sensor system, Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and its characteristics, Atmospheric windows. Multispectral scanner (MSS), Thermal infrared line scanners, Sideways looking airborne radar. Special pattern, recognition visual and digital techniques, digital enhancement techniques, Application of remote sensing in resource evaluation. Books: 1. Remote Sensing & Image Interpretation - Lillsand, T.M. & Keifer, R.W. 2. Remote Sensing , Principles & Interpretation - Sabins, Floyd, F.R.W. References: 1. Remote Sensing Application & C15 - Chouhan T.S. 2. America Society of Remote Sensing - Manual of Remote Sensing 2nd Edition 3. Textbook of photogrammetry - Rampal K.K & IBM Publication Company

PH 513 Photonic Devices 2-1-0 3 Electro-optic Devices: Intensity Modulators, Phase Modulators, Traveling Wave Modulator, LED, LCDs. Acousto-optic Devices: Raman-Nath acousto-optic modulator, Acousto-optic deflector; Nonlinear Optics –based devices: Second harmonic generator, Phase matching, Third order optical nonlinearity, Sum and difference frequency devices, Phase conjugation, Photonic switches and SET devices; Quantum wells, Quantum wires, and Quantum dots, Optical memory devices, Optical Communication devices, Optical Computing. Books: 1. Quantum Electronics - Amnon Yariv 2. Optoelectronics - Ghatak References: 1. Optoelectronics - Wilson & Hawkes 2. Introduction to Low Dimensional Physics - J. H. Davis 3. Photonic Switching and Interconnects - A. Marrakchi 4. Optical Semiconductor Devices - Mitsno Fuknde 5. Photonic Switching and Interconnects - A. Marrakchi 6. Optical Semiconductor Devices - Mitsno Fuknde

PH 514 Superconductivity and Critical Phenomena 2-1-0 3 Perfect conductors, superconductors, Meissner effect, critical magnetic field, transition temperature, energy gap parameter, isotopic effect, Type I & Type II superconductors, Vortex state and flux pinning. Thermodynamics of superconductivity, Rutger's formula, London equations. Frohlich model, Formation of cooper pairs, e-p-e interaction, Concept of penetration depth (λ) & coherence length (ξ), Pippard's equation, G- L parameters, elements of BCS theory, spin analogue treatment of Anderson. Flux quantisation, A.C. & D.C. Josephson effect, SQUID, High Tc superconductors (YBCO & related), Applications of high Tc superconductors.Surface science, superlattices & hetero-structures.

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Books: 1. Introduction to Superconductors - Ketterson 2. Solid State Physics - Burn References: 1. Quantum Theory of Solids - R.Pierls 2. Introduction to Phase transition & Critical Phenomena - H.E.Stanley 3. Modern Theory of Critical Phenomena - S.K.Ma (Benjamin) 4. Les Hoches Lecture, Many Body Problem - P.C.Martin 5. Superconductors - Randy Simon

PH-515 Physics of Integrated Circuit : 2-1-0 3 Introduction of analog lC's, digital lC's, Monolithic lC's, Hybrid lC's, Bipolar and MOS logic families, memory and logic arrays.

Materials for IC fabrication (Si and GaAs), Crystal growth and wafer preparation, Epitaxy, Vapour phase epitaxy(VPE), Molecular beam epitaxy,(BME), MOCVD Oxidation, diffusion, Ion implantation, Optical lithography, electron beam lithography, etching processes, plasma etching, Isolation methods, dielectric and polysilicon film deposition, Metallization, Process simulation.

Passive components and their parasitic effect, MOA capacitors, spiral inductors, thin film resistors and capacitors, Integrated junctions- gate- field effect transistors, MOS field effect transistors, integrated MOSFET devices, NMOS-IC technology, CMOS IC Technology, MOS memory IC technology, Bipolar IC technology.

Modeling transistors, circuit simulation, numerical techniques, special considerations in LSI, VLSI and ULSI designs. Books: 1. MOS/LSI Designs & Applications - W.N.Carr & Z.P.Mize 2. Microelectronics - Miliman References: 1. Physics of Semiconductor Devices - S.M.Sze

PH-516 Probes of Solid State Physics : 2-1-0 3 A unified overview of some scatterings, relaxational and resonance probes emphasising relevant “probe windows” on logarithm frequency/ length/time energy scales. The common logical thread that binds these probes is the topic of linear static probes (e.g. susceptibility, conductivity, specific heat etc.) X-ray, neutron-charge particle scattering probes, Raman Scattering probes, Dielectric relaxation probes.Mossbauer resonance & positron annihilation probes.ESR and NMR probes.

Books: 1. All the books prescribed Under Condensed Matter Physics & Material Science-I & II (PH-501 & 509) References: 1. Advances in Solid State Physics Series 2. All the books prescribed Under Condensed Matter Physics & Material Science-I & II (PH-501 & 509)

PH 517 Physics of Solid State Devices 2-1-0 3 Carrier transport phenomena in semiconductors, High field properties of semiconductors, Basic equations for semiconductor device operations. p-n junction devices; I-V characteristics, Hetero junctions. Bipolar junction transistors, UJT, metal-semiconductor junction device, Schottky diode, JFET, IGFET, MESFET, MOSFET. Microwave semiconductor devices: Parametric amplifiers, varactors, PIN diodes, IMPATT, Tunnel diode, Gunn Effect and Gunn diode.Optoelectronic devices: photoconductivity, photoconductors, photodiodes, LEDs, solar cells - hetero and homo.

Books: 1. Solid State Electronic Devices - B. G. Streetman and Sanjay Banerjee, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi References: 1. Physics and Technology of Semiconductor Devices - A. S. Grove, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1967

PH 519 Quantum Field Theory (QFT) 2-1-0 3 Introduction to Fields: Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation of continuous systems; Introduction to relativistic field theories; Noether’s theorem; Four-vector notations; Lorentz transformations; Natural units. Many Particle Systems: Non-relativistic quantum systems; Free fields; Klein-Gordon equation; Non-relativistic many particle systems; Relativistic free scalar fields; Dirac equation; Antiparticles; Free Dirac fields. Field Quantization: Action principle; Quantization of scalar fields; Quantization of Dirac fields; Quantization of vector fields; Lorentz transformation and invariance; Parity, charge conjugation and time reversal; CPT theorem. Interactions among Fields: Interactive pictures; S-matrix; Wick’s theorem; Second order processes; Position space Feynman rules; Momentum space Feynman rules; Cross-sections.

Books:

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All books prescribed under Introduction to Parton Models (PH-521) References: All books prescribed under Introduction to Parton Models (PH-521)

PH 520 Modern Particle Physics 2-1-0 3 Structure of Hadrons and Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD): Quantum chromodynamics - dual role of gluons; Scaling violation; Altarelli - Parisi equation; e+ – e– annihilation; Three jet events; Perturbative QCD; Drell-Yan process. Weak Interactions: V-A theory; Nuclear β-decay; Neutrino - quark scattering; Cabibbo angle; Weak mixing angle; CP violation; Electro-weak interaction; Weinberg-Salam model. Beyond Standard Model: Unification of forces; Grand unified theories; Proton decay; Neutrino masses; Neutrino oscillations; Elements of super-symmetry; Elements of string theories.

Books: All books prescribed under Introduction to Parton Models (PH-521) References: All books prescribed under Introduction to Parton Models (PH-521)

PH 521 Introduction to Parton Models 2-1-0 3 Historical Introduction: Overview of substructure of matter; Discovery and properties of pions and muons; Conservation laws; Strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions; Discovery and properties of strange particles; Invariance under charge (C), parity (P) and time (T) operators; Non-conservation of parity in weak interactions. Quark Model: Quark model of mesons and baryons; Quarks, gluons and colours; Colour factors; Symmetry groups - SU(2), SU(3); Eightfold way of classification; Discovery of J/Ψ and upsilon; Prediction of charm and bottom quarks; Discovery of top quarks; Quark masses. Parton Model: Probing charge distribution with electrons; Form factors; Electron-proton scattering - proton form factor; Elastic electron-proton scattering; Partons; Bjorken scaling. Books: 1. Introduction of Elementary Particles by D. Griffiths (John Wiley and Sons) 2. Quarks and Leptons : An Introductory Course in Modern Particle Physics by F. Halzen and A.D. Martin (John Wiley and Sons) 3. Quantum Field Theory by L. H. Ryder (Cambridge University Press) 4. Gauge Theories in Particle Physics by I.J.R. Aitchison and A.J.G. Hey (Adam Hillier) 5. Introduction to Quantum Field Theory by S.J. Chang (World Scientific)

References: 1. Introduction to Quantum Field Theory by M.E. Peskin and D.V. Schroeder (Addison Wesley) 2. The Quantum Theory of Fields (Vol. I, II, III) by S. Weinberg (Cambridge University Press) 3. Quantum Field Theory by Mandl and Shaw (John Wiley and Sons) 4. Introduction to High Energy Physics by D.H. Perkins (Cambridge University Press) 5. Quarks, Leptons and Gauge Field by K. Huang (World Scientific)

PH 522 Communication Systems 2-1-0 3 Introduction to analog and digital communications; sampling techniques; Pulse modulation: PAM, PCM, delta modulation etc; Data transmission: FSK. PSK, DPSK, Mary modulation systems, error probability calculations, Modems, local area networks, computer communication, Examples of typical communication systems: microwave, satellite, optical, cellular mobile etc. Error control coding, block and convolution codes. Combined modulation and coding. References: 1. Communication systems - Haykins, Wiley Eatern Ltd. 2. Introduction to the principles of communication theory - J.C.Hancock, Tata McGraw Hill 3. Modern Analog & digital communication systems - B.P.Lathi, Oxford University Press

PH 524 Digital Signal Processing 2-1-0 3 Introduction-digital signal processor, Sampling and Quantization,Specialized transforms-z-transform, Discrete cosine transform, Hilbert transform, Fourier Transforms, DFT, FFTs, Convolution, Spectral Analysis – Welch’s Method, Multilayer method, Yule-Walker Method, Covariance Methods, MUSIC and Eigenvector Analysis Method. Digital filters: IIR Filter Design, in frequency domain, Butterworth, Chebyshev Type I and Type II, Elliptical, Bessel. FIR Filters: Linear phase filter, Windowing Method, Standard and Multi band, Constrained Least Square Filtering, Arbitrary Response Filter Design, Applications in real time problems like extraction of voice from noisy environment, filtering the signal using digital filters etc. References: 1. Digital Signal Processing- Johny R Johnson 2. Discrete time Signal Processing- Allen V Oppenheim 3. Digital signal processing: a system design approach : by David... 4. Digital signal processing : by Alan V.Oppenheim and Ronald W.Schafer 5. A course in digital signal processing : by Boaz Porat

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6. A simple approach to digital signal processing : by Craig Marven

PH-526: Plasma Physics-I: 2-1-0 3 Introduction to Plasma state: Plasma parameters; importance of plasma physics. Plasma Production: Physics of glow discharge; electron emission; ionization; breakdown of gases. Single particle orbit theory: Motion of charged particles under the effect of electric and magnetic fields: crossed electric and magnetic fields, spatially varying and time varying electric and magnetic fields. Fluid theory of waves in plasma: Liouville’s equation; MHD equations; plasma oscillations; ion-acoustic waves; Alfven waves; Magnetosonic waves; Two fluid approach. Theory of Stability in plasma: Equilibrium in plasma; plasma instabilities; Two-stream instability; References: 1. Rayleigh Taylor instability; Energy principle. 2. Introduction to Plasma Physics, FF Chen. 3. Principles of Plasma Physics, Krall and Trievelpiece 4. Introduction to Plasma Theory, DR Nicholson 5. Principles of Plasma Diagnostics, IH Hutchinson 6. Plasma Diagnostic Techniques, RH Huddelstone and SL Leonard 7. Physics of Ionized Gases, BM Smirnov 8. Plasma Physics, K Nishikawa and M Wakatani 9. Plasma Dynamics, TJ Boyd and JJ Sanderson 10. Handbook on Plasma Instabilities, F. Cap 11. Fundamentals of Plasma Physics by R. A. Bittencourt

PH-527: Plasma Physics-II 2-1-0 3 Plasma Diagnostics: Probes, Magnetic probes; optical and spectroscopic diagnostic techniques in plasma. Kinetic theory in plasma: Vlasov equations; solution of linearized Vlasov equations; Langmuir waves; ion-sound waves; Landau damping, BBGKY-hierarchy; Landau collision operator. Nonlinear plasma physics: Nonlinear electrostatic waves; Solitons; Shocks; Electron trapping in a single plasma wave; Simple MHD equilibrium; Hole and Double Layer equilibrium. Plasma application:Thermonuclear fusion: present status and problems; Laser plasma interaction; Inertial and magnetic confinement; Basic principles of plasma processing; Space and astrophysical plasma: formation of Van-Allen belt, Accretion disks; Dusty plasmas; plasma in planetary rings and cometary environments; Circular particle accelerators. References: All books prescribed under Plasma Physics I (PH-526)

PH 532 Quantum Electrodynamics 2-1-0 3 Quantum Electrodynamics (QED): Classical electromagnetic fields; Quantization of electro -magnetic fields; Electron -electron scattering; Compton scattering; Vacuum polarization; Electron self-energy; Zero temperature Fermi and Bose systems. Path Integral Formalism: Hamiltonian path integrals; Scalar field theories; Dyson -Schwinger equation; Femion systems. Gauge Theories : Path integral formalism and Maxwell fields; Yang-Mills fields; path integral and Feynman rules; Renomalisation of QED; Non-Abelian gauge theories; Gauge field self -energy ; Spontaneous breaking of symmetry; Higgs mechanism ; Renormalisation group. Books: 1. Introduction of Elementary Particles by D. Griffiths (John Wiley and Sons) 2. Quarks and Leptons : An Introductory Course in Modern Particle Physics by F. Halzen and A.D. Martin (John Wiley and Sons) 3. Quantum Field Theory by L. H. Ryder (Cambridge University Press) 4. Gauge Theories in Particle Physics by I.J.R. Aitchison and A.J.G. Hey (Adam Hilger) 5. Introduction to Quantum Field Theory by S.J. Chang (World Scientific)

PH-533: General Theory of Relativity 2-1-0 3 Tensor Analysis: Covariant and contravariant tensors. Quotient rule, Metric tensor, Christoffel symbol, covariant derivative of contravariant and covariant tensors, equations of geodesics, Rhemmann –christeffel sensor, Riccitensor,scalar curvature, Biranchi Identity, Einstein tensor. Elements of GTR : Brief Review of Special theory of Real Mincowskhi dgn. Equivalence ppl & ppl of general congriance, Einstein equation, Low velocity and weak field approximation of Einstein field equation, Gravitational waves.Solution of EFE, Static and Schewarza child solution of Einstein equation, Exterior & interior solutions, Schaeerzschild sing celerity & concept of Black hole. Planetary orbits, Bending of Light, Advance of perihelion of Mercury and Gravitational Red shift, Shapirodelay. Early Universe, the Big band theory Vs steady state theory, primordial Helium abundance, CMBR, Decapling of Matter & Radiation. Formation of galaxies, gravitational lensing & Microlens, Elements of

file:///D|/dept_physics/dept_physics/curriculum/Syllabus_phy.htm (11 of 13)8/25/2011 12:23:39 PM TEZPUR UNIVERSITY quantum gravity and quantum cosmology, Hawrking Radiation.

Books: All books prescribed under Basic Astronomy and Astrophysics (PH-536) References: All books prescribed under Basic Astronomy and Astrophysics (PH-536)

PH-534 Astrophysics and Cosmology 2-1-0 3 Basic properties of star: Mass, luminosity, chemical composition, temperature, their measurements, magnitude system of stars. Formation of stars: Newtonian stars, equation of Hydrostaitc equilibrium. Polytropic stars, Black body radiation and description of stellar atmosphere. Evolution of stars: Colour magnitude plot, H-R diagram, pre-main sequence, Main sequence and post main sequence stars, Red giant stars. Nuclear reactions, p-p chain & CNO cycle, gravitational collapse, super nov explosion, degerercy pressure in stars. White dwarf, neutrons star, pulsars, back holes, quarars, active galactic nuclei (AGN). Galaxies: Hubble’s classification of Galaxies, Rotation law evolution of galaxies, cluster of galaxies. Cosmology: Large scale structure of universe, Olber’s paradox. Einstein and de-sitter universe, cosmological principle, Friendman –Robertsen walker metric, different model of universe. Early universe: The Big-bang theory vs. steady state theory, primordial Helium abundance, Cosmic Microwave background Radiation, Decoupling of Matter and radiation clumping of matter and Galaxy promotion, gravitational lensing and micro lending. Books: All the books as prescribed under Basic Astronomy and Astrophysics (PH-536) References: All the books as prescribed under Basic Astronomy and Astrophysics (PH-536)

PH-535 Electromagnetic Theory-II 2-1-0 3 Wave guides and cavity resonance, retarded potentials, electric and magnetic dipole radiations, Lienard-Wiechert potentials and e. m. fields of a moving point charge, power radiated by a moving point charge. Review of special theory of relativity, four vectors, relativistic formulation of electrodynamics, interdependence of electric and magnetic fields, relativistic energy and momentum, transformation of e. m. field, invariance of Maxwell's equations. Books: All the books as prescribed under Electromagnetic Theory - I (PH-404) References: All the books as prescribed under Electromagnetic Theory - I (PH-404)

PH 536 Basic Astronomy and Astrophysics 2-1-0 3 Basic Astronomy: Celestial co-ordinate systems. Telescope—operational principles and mounting. Atmospheric extinctions. Magnitude systems. Constellations and Zodiac. Stellar Structure and Evolution: Mass, luminosity, chemical composition, temperature and equation of a star and their measurements. Stellar spectra and classifications. Main sequence stars. Colour-magnitude plot. Herzsprung-Russel(H-R) diagram. Equation of hydrostatic equilibrium. Polytropic stars and related integral theorems. Stellar atmosphere. Black-body radiation. Saha equation. Post-main sequence stars. Red giants. Nuclear reactions, reaction rates, p-p chain and carbon-nitrogen-oxygen (CNO) cycle. Solar System: Sun and its properties. Planets and satellites. Asteroids. Comets and Oort’s cloud. Dust in the solar system. Origin of the solar system—different hypotheses. Books : 1. Chandrasekhar S, Introduction to the Study of Stellar Structure, Dover Publications, 1958 ( Classic book) 2. Kippenhahn R.A, Weigert. A., Stellar Structure & Evolution, Springer- Verlag, 1994.

3. Frank Shu, The Physical Universe, Universal Science Books,1982. 4. Abhyankar,K.D, Astrophysics stars at galexies, Tata McGraw Hill, 2002. 5. Bisnovatyi- Kogan, G.S. Stellar Physics, Vol.I & II, , Springer-Verlag,2002.

Reference: 1. Stewart,J., Advanced General Relativity, Cambridge University Press( CUP), 2008. 2.Landau & Lifeshitz, Classical Theory of Fields, Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsenier,1987. 3.Erika, Bohm, Stellar Physics- Vo.I, II,III, Vitense, 1992. 4. Weingberg S., Gravitation & Cosmology, Willey, New York,1972. 5. Shutz B, A first course in General Relativity, CUP, 2009 ( to be published) 6. Padmanabhan T, Theoretical Astrophysics , Vol.I,II,III, CUP, 2003. 7. Giunti C., Kim C, Fundamentals of Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, OUP, 2007.

PH-537 Extragalactic and High Energy Astrophysics 2-1-0 3 Advanced Stages of Evolution of Stars: Gravitational collapse. Degeneracy pressure in stars. Supernova. Compact Objects: White dwarfs (WD). Onset of degeneracy. Chandrasekhar limit. Masses, radii and cooling of WD. Magnetic WD. Neutron

file:///D|/dept_physics/dept_physics/curriculum/Syllabus_phy.htm (12 of 13)8/25/2011 12:23:39 PM TEZPUR UNIVERSITY stars (NS). Equation of state in nuclear domain. Realistic theoretical models. Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equation. Observation of NS masses, maximum masses and effects of rotation. Pulsars (PLSR). History and discovery. Connections with fast rotating NS. Magnetic dipole model for PLSR. Braking index. PLSR emission mechanisms. PLSR glitches. X-ray PLSR. Black holes (BH). Schwarzchild BH. Kruskal diagram. Test particle motion. Kerr BH. Area theorem. BH evaporation. Galaxies: Hubble's classification of galaxies. Rotation law. Evolution of galaxies. Cluster of galaxies – Virgo and Coma clusters. Galaxy mergers. Radio galaxies. Quasars. Active galactic nuclei (AGN). Books : 1. Kippenhahn R.A, Weigert. A., Stellar Structure & Evolution, Springer- Verlag, 1994. 2. Misner,C.,Thorne, K.S, Wheelar, J.A, Gravitation ,Freeman, 2003. 3. Kenyon, I.R., General Relativity, Oxford University Press( OUP), 1990. 4. Frank Shu, The Physical Universe, Universal Science Books,1982. 5. Abhyankar,K.D, Astrophysics stars at galexies, Tata McGraw Hill, 2002. 6. Shapiro S.L. & Teukolski S.A., Black Hole, White Dwarf and Neutron Star, Addition Wiley, 1983. 7. Zel’dovich Ya. B., Novikov, I.D, Realistic Astrophysics Vol. I & II, University Chicago Press, Chicago, 1983.

Reference: 1. Landau & Lifeshitz, Classical Theory of Fields, Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsenier,1987 2. Weingberg S., Gravitation & Cosmology, Willey, New York,1972. 3. Erika, Bohm, Stellar Physics- Vo.I, II,III, Vitense, 1992. 4. Robert.J, Mark H, An Introduction to Galaxies and Cosmology, CUP, 2004. 5. Lindu S, John S, Galaxies in the Universe, CUP, 2007. 6. Rosswog,S, Bruggen M, Introduction to High Energy Astrophysics, CUP, 2007. 7. Bradl H, Astrophysics Processes, CUP, 2008.

PH 538 Introduction to Cosmology 2-1-0 3 Introduction: Large scale structure of universe. Olber's paradox. Cosmological principle. Elements of Newtonian cosmology. Cosmological Models: Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) metric. Comoving time. Hubble’s law. Einstein universe. De-Sitter universe. Big bang theory. Steady state theory. Early Universe: Inflationary universe. Primordial helium abundance. Cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR). Decoupling of matter and radiation. Formation of galaxies. Gravitational lensing and microlensing. Elements of quantum gravity and quantum cosmology. Hawking Radiation.

Books : 1. Narliker, J.V, Introduction to Cosmology, CUP., 2002. 2. Adler, Bazin, Schriffer, Introduction to General Relativity,McGraw Hill, 1975. 3. Misner,C.,Thorne, K.S, Wheelar, J.A, Gravitation ,Freeman, 2003. 4. Kenyon, I.R., General Relativity, OUP, 1990. 5. Frank Shu, The Physical Universe, Universal Science Books,1982. 6. Abhyankar,K.D, Astrophysics stars at galexies, Tata McGraw Hill, 2002. 7. Shapiro S.L. & Teukolski S.A., Black Hole, White Dwarf and Neutron Star, Addition Wiley, 1983. 8. Zel’dovich Ya. B., Novikov, I.D, Realistic Astrophysics Vol. I & II, University Chicago Press, Chicago, 1983. 9. Abhyankar,K.D, Astrophysics, Tata McGraw Hill, 2002. 10. Shapiro S.L. & Teukolski S.A., Black Hole, White Dwarf and Neutron Star, Addition Wiley, 1983. 11. Zelelovich Ya. B., Novikov, I.D, Realistic Astrophysics Vol. I & II, University Chicago Press, Chicago, 1971. Reference: 1. Weingberg S., Gravitation & Cosmology, Willey, New York,1972. 2. Erika, Bohm, Stellar Physics- Vo.I, II,III, Vitense, 1992. 3. Weinberg S., Cosmology, OUP, 2008. 4. Liddle A, Loverday J, The Oxford Companion to Cosmology, OUP, 2008.

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