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Uporedna Analiza Epidermisa Lista Vrsta Roda Salvia L Univerzitet u Nišu Prirodno-matematički fakultet Departman za biologiju i ekologiju Nena S. Vidanović Uporedna analiza epidermisa lista vrsta roda Salvia L. (Lamiales, Lamiaceae) MASTER RAD Niš, 2013. Univerzitet u Nišu Prirodno-matematički fakultet Departman za biologiju i ekologiju Uporedna analiza epidermisa lista vrsta roda Salvia L. (Lamiales, Lamiaceae) MASTER RAD Student: Mentor: Nena Vidanović 32 Prof. dr Marina Jušković Niš, decembar, 2013. UNIVERSITY OF NIŠ FACULTY OF SCIENCES AND MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY Comparative leaf epidermis study in species of genus Salvia L. (Lamiales, Lamiaceae) MASTER THESIS Candidate: Mentor: Nena Vidanović PhD Marina Jušković No. of index 32 Niš, december 2013. Zahvalnica Zahvaljujem se svim profesorima Prirodno-matematičkog fakulteta, koji su mi predavali tokom studija, čiji je trud i veliko zalaganje da nam obezbede što bolje znanje rezultiralo uspešnim završetkom studija. Posebno se zahvaljujem prof. dr Marini Jušković na izboru teme i ukazanoj stručnoj pomći i savetima prilikom realizacije ovog master rada. Posveta Ovaj rad posvećujem svojim roditeljima koji su mi pružili veliku podršku i razumevanje tokom studiranja. BIOGRAFIJA KANDIDATA Nena Vidanović rođena je 21. jula 1989. godine u Pirotu. 2004. godine završava osnovnu školu ,,Vuk Karadzić“ u Pirotu sa odličnim uspehom. 2008. godine završava Gimnaziju u Pirotu, prirodno-matematički smer, sa odličnim uspehom. Po završetku Gimnazije, 2008. godine, upisuje osnovne akademske studije na Prirodno-matematičkom fakultetu Univerziteta u Nišu, na Departmanu za biologiju i ekologiju. Osnovne akademske studije završava 2011. godine sa diplomom osnovnih studija i zvanjem ,,biolog“. Iste godine upisuje master akademske studije na Departmanu za biologiju i ekologiju Prirodno- matematičkog fakulteta u Nišu, smer Ekologija i zaštita prirode. Master akademske studije završava 2013. godine. SAŽETAK Vrste roda Salvia (kadulja) zbog svoje morfološke raznolikosti i širokih mogućnosti primene od velikog su značaja u botanici, farmaciji, zvaničnoj i narodnoj medicini i agronomiji. Zbog toga je neophodno njihovo bolje upoznavanje. U ovom radu analizirane su morfološke karakteristike lista vrsta roda Salvia L. sa područja jugoistočne Srbije: Salvia officinalis L., Salvia nemorosa L., Salvia austriaca Jacq. Cilj ovog rada je analiza variranja površinskih struktura lista. Pomoću svetlosne mikroskopije analizirane su sledeće osobine epidermisa lista: oblik i veličina ćelija epidermisa lica i naličja lista, broj, veličina i površina stoma, distribucija i broj žlezdanih i nežlezdanih dlaka. Dobijeni rezultati su statistički obrađeni. Rezultati ispitivanja ukazuju na postojanje razlika u svim ispitivanim karakterima analiziranih vrsta. Ključne reči: površinske strukture lista, Salvia officinalis L., Salvia nemorosa L., Salvia austriaca Jacq . ANOVA, MANOVA, DCA. ABSTRACT Species of the genus Salvia (sage) are of great importance in botany, pharmacy, official and folk medicine and agriculture because of its morphological diversity and wide range of applications. Therefore, it needs more research for their better understanding. In this paper we analyzed the morphological characteristics of the leaves of the genus Salvia L. from south-east Serbia: Salvia officinalis L., Salvia nemorosa L., Salvia austriaca Jacq. The aim of this study is to analyze the rate of variation of surface structures. Characteristics of leaf epidermis were analyzed with light microscopy: the shape and size of epidermal cells of face and surface, the number and size of stomata, distribution and number of glandular and non- glandular hairs. The results were statistically analyzed. The results indicate the existence of differences in all studied characters of the analyzed species. Keywords: Surface structure of the leaf, Salvia officinalis L., Salvia nemorosa L., Salvia austriaca Jacq. ANOVA, MANOVA, DCA. SADRŽAJ 1. UVOD ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Porodica Lamiaceae ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Taksonomske karakteristike i specifičnosti roda Salvia L. ............................................ 1 1.3. Biološke karakteristike i specifičnosti roda Salvia L. .................................................... 2 2. CILJ RADA .......................................................................................................................... 3 3. MATERIJAL I METODE .................................................................................................. 4 2.1. Terenska istraživanja i sakupljanje biljnog materijala .................................................... 4 2.2. Morfološka istraživanja .................................................................................................. 4 2.3. Statistička obrada podataka............................................................................................. 5 2.4. Analizirane populacije ................................................................................................... 5 4. REZULTATI ........................................................................................................................ 6 4.1. Salvia officinalis L. ......................................................................................................... 6 4.1.1. Opšte karakteristike i ekologija vrste Salvia officinalis L. ................................. 6 4.1.2. Morfološke karakteristikevrste Salvia officinalis L. .............................................. 8 4.2. Salvia nemorosa L. ...................................................................................................... 16 4.1.1. Opšte karakteristike i ekologija vrste Salvia nemorosa L. ................................ 16 4.1.2. Morfološke karakteristikevrste Salvia nemorosa L. .............................................. 18 4.3. Salvia austriaca Jacq. ................................................................................................... 26 4.1.1. Opšte karakteristike i ekologija vrste Salvia austriaca Jacq. ........................... 26 4.1.2. Morfološke karakteristikevrste Salvia austriaca Jacq. ....................................... 28 5. DISKUSIJA ........................................................................................................................ 36 6. ZAKLJUČAK .................................................................................................................... 43 7. LITERATURA ................................................................................................................... 44 Nena Vidanović Uporedna analiza epidermisa lista vrsta roda Salvia L. 1. UVOD 1.1. Porodica Lamiaceae Ova široko rasprostranjena porodica sadrži biljke različitih životnih formi. Većina poznatih vrsta su zeljaste biljke, često sa oštrim stabljikama, ali postoje i rodovi koji su žbunasti (Lavandula, Rosmarinus). Mnoge vrste se javljaju u sušnim staništima i imaju kserofilne osobine, ali nekoliko rodova koji se javljaju u močvarnim mestima (Disophilla, Menta, Scutellaria) imaju dobro razvijene intercelulare u kori mladih stabljika. Zbog karakteristično raspoređenog kolenhima, stabljike ovih biljaka su na poprečnom preseku četvorouglaste. Mnoge vrste su gusto pokrivene raznovrsnim dlakama, žlezdanim i nežlezdanim. Jedan od najkarakterističnijih tipova dlaka jesu kratke, prave žlezdane dlake sa glavama, sastavljene od 1-1 ili više ćelija. One luče mirišljava ulja prijatnog mirisa. Takva su ulja lavande, ruzmarina, timijana, nane... Nežlezdane dlake su takođe česte, a mogu biti nerazgranate, resaste ili razgranate. Listovi su izobilateralalni ili dorzoventralni, i, kod nekih vrsta, ivice listova su jako uvijene. Stome se javljaju na jednoj ili obe površine, i obično su diacitnog tipa, ili se javljaju u kombinaciji sa drugim tipovima stoma kao što je anomocitni tip. (Metcalfe i Chalk 1950). 1.2. T aksonomske karakteristike i specifičnosti roda Salvia L. Rod Salvia predstavlja najbrojniji rod iz porodice usnatica (Lamiaceae) sa oko 800 vrsta jednogodišnjih, višegodišnjih, zeljastih, polužbunastih i žbunastih vrsta. Naziv Salvia potiče od latinske reči salvere što znači spasiti, spasavati, zbog lekovitih svojstava najpoznatije vrste Salvia officinalis. Vrste ovog roda su poznate po svojoj lekovitosti i eteričnim uljima koja proizvode neke vrste. Prirodni areal roda obuhvata Evropu, Aziju, Severnu i Južnu Ameriku. Postoje tri centra raznovrsnosti: Južna i Centralna Amerika (sa oko 500 vrsta); Centralna Azija i Mediteran (oko 250 vrsta) i Istočna Azija (90 vrsta) (Walker i sar. 2004). - 1 - Nena Vidanović Uporedna analiza epidermisa lista vrsta roda Salvia L. Sistematska pripadnost (Tatić i Blečić 1984): Carstvo: Plantae Razdeo: Magnoliophyta Klasa: Magnoliopsida Potklasa: Asteridae Red: Lamiales Familija: Lamiaceae Rod: Salvia L. 1.3.Biološke karakteristike i specifičnosti roda Salvia L. Vrste roda Salvia su jednogodišnje, dvogodišnje ili višegodišnje zeljaste i drvenaste vrste, četvrtastog stabla. Listovi su prosti, celi, ređe perasto deljeni. Brakteje se razlikuju od srednjih listova, kod nekih vrsta su upadljivo obojene. Zigomorfni cvetovi su grupisani u dihazijume, a oni u složene metličaste ili klasolike cvasti. Čašica je od 5 sraslih listića, dvousnata sa 3 zupca na gornjoj i 2 na donjoj usni. Krunica je simpetalna, izrazito dvousnata, sa gornjom usnom koja je prava ili zakrivljena
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