HINDU POLITY
A CONSTITUTIONAL. HISTORY OP INDIA IN HINDU TIMES
[ Two Von•u Ill o... ]
Bi K. P. JAYASWAL, M.A., {OxoN.), OJ LirtOOl•'• laa-. &vriMM'>GI-IAwl; A·l••ot>ll•, Palrw Hig4 Ou.,l; s.,.,,; ... H"""""!l &Miar, J ...., Oolkgo, Ozjd; • U•i ..r>il!l (}A;...,. ScA'Jlar, OzJonl ( 1909): Ta1oro ProjtUhr oJ Lalli, C ~ 'fod.'llll'l _. 1111: I •.4 ..I, jlrdl1, To 81' .t r 11!, lAo ...,.., of life a ...I •piril.' -Nftintyimrita. CALCUTTA: • ltl'Tl'EH \\'otnll & l'o. (lxr>u) LTD., 6, HAsTINGs Sr. 192t $; ;.t ~#-"?' 7 ;.t qp~• .t4e ..... VRISHNIS,. . KATHAS, . VAIS'ALAS, AND S'AKYAS who announced PHILOSOPHIES OF FREEDOM from. . DEVAS, DEATH, CRUELTY. AND CASTE. . . . ~'lf.i!IV\·~~ 'f?lm ~ "Qll: at~'il«fJPT: , "'~ ~.. 'Illt llii"!!IIICQ I "ffT: ~: 'lllTcl CUI 'U'!N'If... '!JU"' I ri «fflll um! at": ~ '(rJNi! !Jllll: I "f~ ~~~ ~wn: d .rt~ ,~1{1f 11fur. 1 'lfo RT• 'liT• 4_ ~ 1\Ct\l. I "When Politics becomes lifeless, the triple Veda ainks, all tho dJiarmaJI [i.e., the I>Mes of ciw1ization] (howooever) developed, completely decay. When traditional 8 tat e-E t hi c a are departed from, all the bases of the divisions of individual life are shattered. ''ln l' o 11 t i c s are realised all the formo ol r e n u n c i a t i o n, in Politic 1 ·are united a~ the sacramenta, in Po I i tic 1 are combined all k no w I edge : in Po! i t i c s are cent'r:ed all the Worlda." · -Mahii-Bhiira/4, Sant>---63·28-29. PREFACE 'H 1 N D u PoL 1 T Y ,' in two volumes (Parts)-the first on V e d i c A s s e m b li e s and R e p u b li c s, the second on 1\l o narc h y and I m p e ria 1 System s-is a sketch of Suhjed and the constitutional iife of the Hindus. The dIm • u It Y subject is great but its treatment has to be mndest. The works of pa1·va-&ilris had long been hidden; the path opened by them had long been lost. It had to be re-searched. In 1911-13 a probable line was laid to dig and diacover the Ancients' highway in the field of Polity. In theae pages that line has been deepened and widened. Aud the way of the Fathers is in sight. The author made a special study to find out what constitutional progress, if any, Ancient Pioncar \\' ork Indiana had achieved. In 1911 and 1912' some resulla of the study were published in the legal journal the c,,/catt I ltr. B E. Sarkar, however, tbioka otberwi~'But aU the refereucee io Jayuwal'e "atudioa. have beeo appropria.ted by aubaequent writers.' ( PolttirollNiitutio•t, etc, Leipaig, 19~~. p. X VI). CaQ lh•y n"l ret'ft, 'aJG'!' •\i•+ paro V i n c e n 1; S m i t h sugJ;tested to the author to trrat the Preparation of the snhjel't of .Hiorlu _rl'puhlics in dl'tail, and p.....,al Work SPVI'ral frienrla insisted on hHvinp; &LP I n I r O• duct ion in book-form Ahout thP same thoe, Sir A 11 u to a h M o o k e r j e "• Pr•·sident of the t ~council of Pcoet 'Onod •ate• teaching, C a 1 .. u t t a. U n i • e r 11 i t y, askeol biru to prepare a curri ulnm of anl'iPnt luoliao History. N .. Pd at that time wa10 baoll.v ftlh for a ll"mPwhat. compr.. bPnlliVP buok on ancient 'Hiudu polity. The author towarrla the cl.. se of 1917, uod.. rtouk to reviHe the In t ,. o due I ion wit b a Yiew both to CHrry out. the Bllgge> vi wholA of Part I was in type the En~li .. b aPction of the PrPss ar. Allahab~d was I!*>J.l away an•l thA bonk ouCf' more came hack hmn"'. Until this autumn, owing to the difficuhiPs of potting a suitable prP&d from a 'mofna11il' town, and owing to pmfe.. ·i••nal duti.. s, no fre.,b arrangement could be made for the vubliC>ttioo of the work. The linesla;d down in the I" trod u c t ion (1913) have b-n do. 11. VEDIO ASSEMBLIES .•. 11-21 CHAPTER II Sam it i-The Sovereign Assembly of Yedie times ..• . 11-16 § 6. S a n1 i t i represented the whole P.Ople ... 11 § 7. Ita functions 11-12 The King and S a m i t i 12 HlND'O POLITY (PT. 1. PAOIS §§ 43-U. Buddhist Sa~Pgha borrowed lrom Political Salpgba .. • 45-48 § 46. Recorded republics .. • 48-49 ..• § 46. Their administration-procedure 4\l-61 §§ 47-48 L i o h c h h a vi ooneti~ution... 51-52 §§ 4\l-50. L i o h c h h a v i safe-guards for • liberty of the citizen ... 52-53 § 51. Fed era 1 C o unci 1 of the Li chchh avis and the Ma llae 53-54 § 62, Its Composition 54-55 CHAPTER VII Republics in the Artha-~ie&ra (325-300 B.C.) ...... 57-62 § 53. 'K i n g'-c o n e u 1 Republica ... 57 Changes from Monarchy to ~epublic 58-5\l §54, lllallas, Kurus, Kukuraa ... 5\l § 55. Nation-in-arma Republica ... 60 § 56. K a h u d r a k as and M il a v aa· .. 60-61 §57. Sur i e h ~ r as ·...... 61· §§ 58-5\l. K s h.a t r i y as and ar e Ji1 i i 61~62 . . CHAPTER VIII Hindu Republica· in Greek W rite re ( C. 325 B.c.)...... 63-7\l § 60. M e g a a t h e n e a' Two Division& of the Country-Mona rc b i ca 1 and R e p u b li c a n ... 63 § 61. Ka&baians .... •.. 64-65 § 62. un~named Republica ...... 65 Adreatai ...... • 65 § 63. Sa u b h 11 t i (or Saubh11ta) ... 65-66 TADI.E OF CONTENTS OF PART J . PAGES § Ct A great Republic on the B e a a ••• 66-68 §§ G5-6G. K 8 h u d r a k a a and .M 11.1 a v a a and Sib i 8,., 68-70 § 67. Apisali, Pa1,1ini and Patai'ijali on the above ... ,, 70-72 §§ GS-69, Greek Writers on the above... 72-72 §§ 70-71. A g r a-~ reI} i 8 73-73 §§ 72-73. A m b a 8 h ~ h a s ... 73-74 § 74. K 8 hat r i y a a ... ••• 74 § 75. 0 8 8 a d i o i •.• 74-75 § i G. 111 u s i c a n i ...... 75-76 § 7GA. D r a c h m a n o i ... 76-77 § 77. P a t a 1 a _ 77-7i3 §§ 78-79. States ambiguously described 78-79 CHAPTER IX. C o n e t i t u t i o n a 1 S u r v e y of the Ilindu Republics Ill Greek W r i t e r s ••• ... 81-88 § 80-81. Democracy ... 81 § 82. Elected 'King' President ... 81-82 § 83. Second Chamber ... 82-83 § 84. Executive authority ...... 83-84 § 85. Aristocratic democrat'y 84-85 § 86. Large Parliaments _ ·.. •.. 85 § 87. Hindu term for aristocratic constitu- tion ... 85-86 § 88. Culture in these, republics ... 86-Si § 80. lnflut'nce ol Polity on Physique ... 87-88 X Ill BU'D'IJ POLITY (PT. I. PA!IIS §!8. D.. liberation a 12-13 § 9. Nun-pohtical business of the Sam it i 13 . § 10. Sam 1 t i an intttitution of developed aociPty 13-14 PrePidPnt of the S a m i t i 14 Constitution of the S a m i t i 14-15 § 11. Hietoric11l career of the Sa m i t i 15-16 CB4PTBR Ill The Sa b hi ... ••• 17-21 § 12. Sabhi a distinguished popular body 17-18 Ita rPeolutinn8 ... 18 § 13. CompoAition of the Sa b b i ... 18 § 14. J ndicial Function of the B a b b I 18-19 § 15. Sa b b i a J.. ter ];tig-vedic Institution 19-20 § 16. V i d a t h a and b e n 11 20 §17. Corpo•ate tendency of Post-Vedic life ... 20-21 Ill. HINDU REPUBLICS: (a)RJSE.ANDPRO!PEill" 25-138 CBAPT!B IV R i 8 e o f H i n d u R e p·u b I i c 8 a n d Hindu Terma Ior'Republica 25-32 § 18. U..pu blico~ genenilly post.-Vedic inatotntion11 ••• 25-26 § 19. Anct~ CHAPTER V Republica in Pll;lini 33--44 § 29. Pll;l ni on S a 1p II' h a 33-34 § ::;o. ( ·a .. rea io a IS " 1p .t h a 34 § 31. Klr.•l• aua on S " lp g h a •.. 34-35 § 32. A.yutltJHji-in &lp,sl.iaa namt>d In l'l!ili oi ... • •• 35 Inlerpr.. tation of 'A.rn CHAPT!B VI Republican Ori~in of Bnddhiat Sazpgha and Republica in Buddhist Literature (5Q0-400 B.C.) ... 45-55 Bll!IDtl POLITY (PT. I. P.A.OEB §§ 43-44:. Buddhist Satpgha borrowed {rom Poliucal Saip.gha ... 45-48 § 45. Recorded republics ... 48-49 § 46. Their administration-procedure ... 49-51 §§ 47-48 L i o h c h h a vi constitution... 51-52 §§ 49-50. L i o h c h h a v i safe-gUards for • liberty of the citizen .. • 52-53 § 51. F e d e r a 1 C o u n c i 1 of the L i c h c h h 11 v i a and the M a llas 53-54 § 62. Its Composition 54-55 CHAPTER Vll Rep u b l i c a. in t he A r t h ·•• a 1 • t r a (325-300 B.C.) ... 57-62 § 53. 'K i n g'-c o n a u l Republics ... 57 Changes from Monarchy to l,Wpublic 58-59 §54. 1\lallaa, Kurus, Kukuru ... 59 §55. Nation-in-arms Republics ... 60 § 56. K a h u d r a k a a and M Ill a v as.. · 60-61. §57. Sur I 1 h ~ r a a ·...... 61 §§ 58-59. K a h .a t r i y as and 4 r e 1;1 i il 61-62 . . CHAPTER VIU Hindu Republica· in Greek Writers (C. 325 B.C.)"· ... 63-79 § 60. 1\[ e g 11 a t h e n e a' Two Divisions of the Country-Monarchical and Republican .. . 63 § 61. Kathaiana ...... 64-65 § 62. Un:named Republica ...... 65 Adreatai ... •.. c 65 § 63. 8 a u b h 11. t i (or Saubhtlta) ... 65-66 TADI.E OF CONTENTS OF PART I . PAGES § Gl. .A great Uepublic on the Be a a ... 66-68 §§ 65-6G, K 8 h u d · r a k a 8 and lila I a v 11 s and ~ i b i 8,., 68-70 § 67. .Apisali, PiiQini and Pataiijali on the above ...... 70-72 §§ 68-69. Greek Writers on the above ... 72-72 §§70-71. A g r a-~ r e Q i 8 73-73 §§ 72-73. Am bash~ h a 8 ... 73-74 § 7!. K s h a t r i y a 8 ...... 74 § 75. 0 s sa d i o i ... 74-75 § 76. M us i c a n i ...... 75-76 § 7GA. D r a c h ru a n o i ... 76-77 §77. Patala - 7i-7i3 §§ 78-79. States ambiguously described 78-79 CHAPTER IX. C o n s t i t u t i o n a 1 S u r v e y of the Hindu Uepublics m Greek W r i t e r s ...... 81-88 § 80-81. Democracy ... 81 § 82. Elected 'King' President ... 81-82 § 83. Second Chambe.r ... 82-83 § 84. Executive authority ...... 83-84 § 85. Aristocratic democrary 84-85 § SG. Large Parliaments _ ... 85 § 87. llindu term for aristocratic coDstitu- tion ... 85-86 § 88. Culture iu these, republics 86-87 § ~\.1. lnfiuPnce of Polity on Physique ... 87-88 xiii HINDU POLITY ( rT, I. CHAPTER X Technical Hindu Coneti- 't Uti 0 n 8 ••• ... 89--101 ..§ 90. Technical Constitutions ••• 89 §§ 91-92. B h au j y a Constitution ... 89-91 § 93. S v i r A j y a Constituion .•. 91-92 §§ 9!-95. V a i r i j y a Constitution ... 92-9! § 9G. The M a d r as and their Capital 94:-05 §§ 97-IJS. R ish Hi k a Constitution ... {.15 •§ 99. P e t t a n i k a ... .. • 95-9G § 100. D v a i r i j y a Constitution .. . 9C-97 § 101. The N o n-r u 1 e r State .. . 97-100 § 102. U g r a and U i j a n y a forms of government . ... 100 § 103. Sacrament of rulership essential in every constitution . .. 100-01 CHAPTI!R XI . P r o c e d u r e of D e I i b e r a t i o n m Iliudu Uepublics ... · .. .103-117 § 10!. Buddhist SaiPgha . based on poli- tical Saipgha ..·. . .. 103- 0-l § 104 (a). S e a t s ...... lOl § 105. M o t i o n : R e a. o 1 n t i o n 10-l-OG · § 106. Quorum: W hip ... 107 · § 107. Consequence of disregarding procedure ... 107-8 § 103. V o t e s: V(Jtes of absentees 108-09 § 109. ll a 1} 0 t·V 0 t j n g: procedure-<>f·m a j o r i t y 109-10 § 110. P o i n t Joe a a S p e e c b e s and Delegation Comm i&te e'll0-12 xiv T.\DLJ1: OF CONTENTS OF PAll'f I PAGES § m. Priricipie of representation 112 § 112. Res Judicata ...... 113 § ll3, Procedure of C e n s u r e : ,\ct of Indemnity ...... 113 § 114. C I e r k s of the H o u s e 113-14 § 115. His\oricaisignificance o£ the terms and procedure ... 114-15 § 11G. Jatak'lsand Referent! nm ... 115-17 CHAPTER XII F r 11 n c h i s e ancl C i t i z e n s h i p ... 119-22 § 117. Dasis of FranchisP...... 119-20 § ll8. Outsidera eligible to Citizenship in republics .. · 120-21 § !HI. B !1 a 1.: t i to Arjuna and V i s u d e v a ...... 121-22 CHAPTER XIII ·' u d i c i a I A d m i n i B t r a t i. 0 n and L a w s of R e p u b I i c s •.. 123-24 § 120. K u I i k a Court ... •·· 123-24 § 121. Sa 111 a y' a, the laws of the Ga1;1as 124 CHAPTER XIV c h 11 r a c-t {' r i s t i c .s of n e p II b I i c B according to tlw ~I a h ii·D h ii rat a 125-30 -§§ 122-12!." Characteristics of Gar;~ns in the hlahii·DLiirata ... 125-30 Lea~uos: their dangl'rs (p. 128) XV 1UlfDU POLITY [PT. t. P.&GES 0 o o d p o i n t a in 0&1)88 (p. 129) Weak points in Oai)&S and how to avoid them • • (pp. 129-30) Internal danger (p. 130) Equality in O&J;l&a and ita effect. (p. 130) Confederacy recommended (p. ~30) CHAPtER XV Formation of New Republics 131-35 • § 125. New Religious Oaq.as . .•• 131 § 126. Historical instances of new republica ••• •... 131-32 § 126 (a) Artificial Stage ...... 132-33 Republican-a post-ttibal period · in :tnd ia ••• 133 ~ 127. Artificial political 'tribes', not ethnic tribes ...... 133-34 § 128. Distinction between .tribal and artificial organisations ... 134-35 CHAPTER XVI A R e \ r o a p e c t of t h e P e ri o d of R i a e ••• ••• 137-38 § 128A. AitareyaBrihmaq.a to Kau$ilya 137-38 TABLE OF CO!iTEXTS OF I'AIIT I PAOCS III. H I N D LT n E r u B L I c s: (b) Dec 1 i n e and D i s a p p e a r a n c e ,,, ... 141-48 CHAPTER XVII Rci•UBI.ICS UNDER TUE AIAURYAS § l2!J. P o 1 i c y of M a u r y a I m p e r ia 1 i s m towards Republics 141-42 § 130. H('publics under A ti o k a ... 142-43 § 131. lleaniug of 'a par A 11 t a' ... 143-44 §§ 13::!-33. 'R li j a-v i s h a y a 11' 144 § 13·1. Constitution of the Niibhapaii.ktis 145 § 135. N A b h a k a ... 145 § 135 (a) P u 1 i n d a s ... 146 § 136. A n d h r a s 146-47 § 137. Y a van as of A ti o k a 148 § 138. K a b u 1 Y a v a 11 a s ... 148 § 139. A k o u b h i HS § 140. Y a v a n a s, K a m b o j a s, A 11 d h r a s and P u 1 i n d a a Jn hl a n u and ll a h A· · l.lhiirata 14.8 CHAPTER XVlll Hepub1ics in .~u1iga Times anJ 1 a t e i· ...... 149-61 § 14. l. M i g r a t i o u of the stronger . r~publica to Rajputana ... 149 § U::!. Y a u d h e y A s ... ,,, 1-19-50 .s.vii HINDU POLITY [PT. I, PAGES § 143. Y a u d h e y a a and ~ &I a il• kiyanas '" ... 150 § 14!. Y au d hey a, con at i t u t ion from Monumental Records .. . 151 § 145. Their end ...... 151 § H6. M a d r a s .. · •.. 151~52 §147. 1\Ulavas and K11hudrakaa 152 §§ 148-49. 1\1 a I a v a 8 (contd.) '" 152-3 § 150. ~ i b i 8 • .. • •• 153-51 § 151. A r j u n li y a n a 8 .., 154 § 152. The meaning of republican m i g r a t i o n ... 154-55 . §§153-55. Rajputana repub· I i c 8 in the 1\Jah&- Bhirata ... 15!-57 . § 156. Kukura8 157 § 57. v r i 8 h J;t i s ~.. •.. 157 § 158. Foreign barbarians of the ·first century B. C. · . "' ... 158 § 159. Decay of the older P u n j a b . . r e p u b 1 i c 8 .._. ... 1p8 § 160. R A j a n y a s ...... 158-59 § 161. .M a hi r 11 j a-Jan a pad a ... 159 § 162-63. Vim a r a-t·h as and . ~ i 1 a il It i y a n as ... 159-GO § 164. A u d u m b a r a 8 .. : ... 1GQ-61 CHAPTER XIX lli8appearance of the republic!!... 163-65 § 165. G u pta 8 and rep u b 1 i c 8 ... . 163 § 160. P u 8. h y •a m i t r a a ... 163-65 ··§ 167. E X 1 t ... ,., 11)5 xviii TABLE OF CONTESTS OF !'ART I JI I I1 I N D U ll E P tl B L I c s : (c) Tb ei r 8 y s t e m and E t h n o 1 o g y ...... 169-189 CHAPTER XX C r i t i c i s m on H i n d u r e p u b 1 i- c a n s y s t e m s ... 169-77 § HiS. Moral assets 169-70 § 16tl. l'rinci ple of equality. Successful administration ...... 170 § 170. Military System 170 § 171. Ind 118trial system ... •.. 170-71 § 172. The type of citizen 171 § 173. Separation of powers 171 § 174. Philosophical basis ...... 171-72 § 175. llepublican theories ...... 172 § 176. Individualism 173-74 Social Contract . 173-74 § 177. Longevity 17! § 178. Weak points in Hindu Hepublics li5 § li9- 80. Maba-Bhlirata on A r i j aka states (p. 175) Personal rivalry and greed of . power in republics (p. 17G) 175-77 § lSI, Dissension leading to the brt>akiug up of GaJ;tas 17i tHAPTER. XXI E t h n o 1 o g y of the n. e p u b I i c s ... 179-8!1 § 18:1. Question raist>ft by Mr. Smith 17!1 § 183. Instance of Churubi Oovernmt>nt 179-80 :xix. lllNDU POI,JTY [PT. I. PAGES § 184. Criticism ...... 180-81 § 185. Bhal'hut and Sliiicbi Sculptures :" 1\lr. Smith's error. ... 181-82 § 186. Alleged 1\IongoliaJJ. basis of Indian population in early centuries A.C. ... •.. 182-83 § 187. N a t i o n a 1 i t y of L i c h- chhavis ... 183-:81 § 188. Mr. Smith's vision oi-'close' resemblance between · L i c h c h h a v i and Tibetan Criminal Procedures ... 184-85 Lichchhavi Criminal Proce~ure ... 186 § 189. Derh·ation of L i c h c h h a v i from L i c h c h h u .. • 186-87 s 190. M a II as ... ••. 187 § 191. N a t i o n a 1 i t y of ~ & k ya s 187 § 192. Obsolete custom of sister-marriage amongst ~ & k y a s ... 187-88 193. Evidence of the Greeks ... ISS · § 194-196. Evidence of names and • orthodox 1iternture ••• 188-80 Appendix A The Mah&-Bhiirata on the A u d h a k a- VJishr;ti-Sa~pgha ...... 191-{)7 § 197. Text and Translation of ~iinti- Parvan, Ch. 81, (pp. 192-197) The importance of the discussion • (p .. 191). XX TABLE OF CO~TENT~ OF. PART I PAGES Appendix .B · L i at of In d i a n Rep u b l i"c a. . discussed in' P a r t I ...... 199-201 .. ~ Appendix C ·.::. A. !I d i t ion a 1 Notes on P a r.t I·. ,()924) , ... 203 ... ·~·· . Arthalflatra (Kau~iliya) -Its authorship and date ... 203 (i) Authorship: Jolly's arguments 203-05 (ii) Date: Arguments for the third century A.C. Date ... 206 Works of the 4th-5th cen. A. C. and the date of the Kitmandakiya ... 215 Pushkara ... 216 14th.-18th. Cen. Digests ... 216 Works in Vernaculars ... il6 Village fined 216 N a eel Sa1JhcJ ... 216 GaQ.a ...... 216 State-arms of the republics ... 216 Decisions on rolls (Book of Precedents) 216 Ash~a-kulaka ...... 216 Lecbchhai ...... 217 ~a!lati ... 217 Jauhar ... 217 ' Everyman in the· Community bad franchise' : • Citizens ""· non-cit.izens ... 211 ttii_ • HlHDil POLITY - [PT. I. Kaupinda and Kanet ...... Vihikan physique ... .•• 217 , Madra country ...... 218 ~Jiki ...... 218 Yaudheya Coin-legends ...... 211 M&lava Coins ._.. ••• 218-19 Freedom in prefer~nce io home .•• ... 219 SanaUnlkas ••• ... 212 Ethnology of the republicans ... 219 TABLE OF CONTENTS OF PART 11 PAGES IV. HINDU MONARCHY •••• 3-190 CHAPTER XXII Antiquity and Theory of Origin 3-6 §197.Rajanorking 3 § 198. Antiquity of Hindu Monarchy 3-4 § 199. Hindu. Theories on the Origin of King- ship 4 § 200. Vedio theory: o r i g i n i n w a r 4-5 § 201. S(·icntists' 'lhcory of Contract: 4-5 Theory of elective kingMhip 6 CHAPTER XXID Vedic King and his Election 7-13 § 202. King's election and his position .... 7-9 § 203. Sole taker of taxes 9 § 204. 'King-makers': 9-10 elertion for life-time 10-11 § :.!05. Dt>poMition and re-election 11 § 200. His duty 12-13 § 207. Germs of later political philosophy 13 CHAPTER XXIV Coronation Ceremouy of BrahmaQ.a Period: and Its Cons tit u tiona 1 Si gni fie a nc e U-26 § 208. Fixed formulro § 209. RAjasiiya, V.li.japeya and Sarvamedha 14-15 liUI'DU l'OLltY [PT.lL PAGES § 210. 'he' the king-elect 15 § 211.,The Ratna-Havia .•.. 16-20 § 212. The Ratnina .... ?1-21 21-22 §213. Origin of Hindu Ministers • § 214. Approval of the Land 22 § 215. The idea underlying •···· 22-23 §216. Abhishechaniyam or anointing ceremonies 23 § 217. King as Protector of Law 23 § 218-lD.Collection of waters 24-25 § 220. A bhishachana or anointing 25 §.:r.u. Investiture and Announce- 26 .ment 26 Coronation Ceremony of BriLhmaJ;~a ~eriod and Its constitutional Signifitance (oonld.) 27--41 § 222. Coronation oath ... , 27-28 § 223. Ascent to the throne ..... 28 § 224. People as King's Protector 29 § 225. Besprinkling by the Priest 29-30 § 226. Brahmin and Taxation ... : 30-33 §§ m-28. Vesting of Sovereignty" 33-35 § 229. Post-A b hi a h e k a Ceremonies. Symboliam denoting Supremacy of Law. ~ .. 35 §§ 230-31. The Homage 36-37 § 232. The symbolic Game of Govem- 37-38 ment § 233. Summary .... 38-39 Hereditary aucceaaion yet § 23'- • not eatabli8.hed 39-40 Di.v TABLE 011 CONTENTS 011 PART II PAGES § 235. Ceremony for de:-osed king 40-41 CHAPTER XXVI Coronation in Later Times- 42-5 § 236. Leading Principle remains Vedic 42-44 § 237. Coronation Oath .... 44-45 § 238. Discussion on R a j an and 'history' of (',oronation Oath in the liiahil.- Bharata .... 46-48 § 239. Analysis of the Oath 48-49 § 240. Effect of Coronation Oath in actual life 49-50 § 241. Coronation Oath in Middle ages and later 51 CHAPTER XXVI (A) Sacrament of Coronation and Theory of Divine Origin of ~ing .... 54--59 ~§ 244-2-!5 Sacrament of Coronation Oath : .... 54 l\Ianu's theory of Divine Origin of King 54-58 § 2l CHAPTER XX:Vll The J ana p ada or the Realm Assembly and The P a u r a o r the Ass em b I y of the Capital City: (600B.0. to600A.C.) 60--78 §§ 247-48. The Samiti and Territorial 1\lonarchies • 60--61 HINDU POLITY [PT. D. PAGES §§ 249-51. Rise of the JILnapada Assembly 62-68 § 252. The Paura 68-:70 §§ 253-55. Mumcipal administration of the Paura 7o-73 § 256. The Paura administration of PIL~ali- putra 74 § 257. The •City-magistrates' of Strabo ... . 75 § 258. •Va rg a' and its meaning ... . 75-76 § 259. N aigama or the City Guild and ita connexion with Paura • 76-78 § 260. 'Negama coins' 78 § 261. ~gnificance of N a i gam a 78 caAPTER xxvm Political Functions of the Jllnapada and the !'aura 79-108 § 262. Coinage and Janapada : ... 79 §§ 263. Constitutional business which the Pp!•·- ·· ..~.a were supposed tod0 ~-.:.. . ·- 79 § 264. Res.olve on nomination of the Crown Prince · · 8o-ll2 § 265. Paura-Jll.napada took pa·rt in Ahhi sheka as People's Representatives. They could prevent succession ... . 82 § 266. Paura-Janapada and Depositions ... . 82 267. Political DiscUBBion in Paura Janapada .... 84-85 § 268. Appointment of Chief Mantrin and Paura-Jll.napada 8 § 269. Resolution on State Policy 85-86 § 270A. Paura and \'rovincial Government: ..•. 86-87 § 270B. Paura-Jll.napada and Taxation 88-89 TABLE 011' CONTENTS OF PART ll PAGES § 271. Royal Speech to Paura-Janapada .... 89-92 §§ 272-3. Paura-Janapada and Anugrahas or Privileges 93-94 §§ 274.-75. King asks permission of the Naigama-Jii.napadl} to undertake long sacrifice 94-95 § 270. Daily business of Paura- Janapada with the King 95 § 277. Asoka's new Dharma and the Jana pada 96 ~ 278. Importance of Paura ~ Paura and executive work 96-97 § 279. King and Governor attend Paura Janapada .... 97 § 280. Paura-Janapad.a could make or mar government 97-98 § 281. Compensation bills of Janapada to the Crown 98-99 § 282. C<>nstituency of Jiinapada 99-101 283. CompoRition of Paura .... 102--{)3 § 283. Separate bodies making up Naigama 104--{)5 § 284. Basarh Seals and Naigama Officers .. .. 105--{)6 § 285, The 'laws' of Janapada and Paura .. .. 160--{)7 § 280. The R1\mvid enactments of Jiinapada 107--{)8 § 287. Paura- Jlinapada as Hindu Diet 108 CHAPTER XXIX Opinion of Thinkers and General Public Opinion 109-14 § 288. Opinion of Hermits and Recluses 109-111 § 289-90. Opinion of the learned Brahmin .... 111-112 § 291-92. Public Opinion •in general 113-14 HINDU POLITY [PT. n. PAGES Council of Ministers ...... •. 1115-136 §§ 292-93. Origin .... 1115-16 § 294. Continuation of Vedic terms 116 § 295. Council and King .... 117-119 §§ 295-97. Gifts by King to be rectified or rejected by Ministry 119-21 §§ 298-99. Number of the members of the Council 122-24 § 300. Y u v a r i j a and Princes as Ministers 124-25 § 302. Designation of Ministers 126-28 § 302. Cabinet 128 §§ 303-5. An Inner Cabinet 128-30 § 306. The 'Mantri-parishat' or Cou neil of State and its Composition 130 §§ 307-08. Paura-Jinapada and 'Mantri- Parishad' .... 131-33 § 309. 'Tirthas' ...... 133-135 § 310. Three classes of Ministers 136 § 311. Civil List and King's salary 135-36 CHAPTEB XXXI Council of Ministers(C071ld.)...... 137-151 § 311A. Duty of Ministclrs ...... 137-38 § 312. Procedure of Business in the Ministry 138-39 § 313. King's' incapacity' to criticize resolu- tion of tlle Cabinet .... 139 §§ 314-15. Resolution with king'a fiat was the 'real king' 14()-41 § 316. Megasthenes on Ministry's jurisd.ic- . tion 142-42 § 317. Agreement between Bhiradvllja and Megasthenes. . on Ministry's juris- diction ...... 142-43 TABLE OF CONTENTS OF PART tt PAGES § 318. WorkingoftheconstitutioninA8oka's reign 143--47 § 319. Junior ministers or under-secretaries 147 § 320. Transfers 147--48 § 321. Caste representation in Ministry 148-49 § 322. Official designationR in Gupta times .... 149-50 § 323. Charters countersigned by Ministers 150-51 § 324. Illustrations of the practice from Ceylon CHAPTER XX x II Law and Administration of Justice .... 152-160 § 325. King under the Law 152 § 326. Judiciary and Executive separate 152-53 § 327. Sabhi!.orcompositionofthejury 154-55 § 328. King-in-Council as Judge 155 § 329. ·Justice administered in King's name .... 155-56 § 330. Records kept 156 § 331. Proper Justice and fall in litigation .... 156 § 332. Sudatta vs. Prince Jeta 156-57 § 332A. Ministers of Law and Justice 158-59 § 333. Sabha (Law Court) and its Position 160 CHAPTER XXX•II Taxation .... 161-169 §§ 334-35 Fixed Taxes : ...... 161 Legal efiect 161-62 § 336. Taxes as King's wages .... 162-63 § 337. Divine theory of Taxation 163 § 338. Protection and Allegiance 165-64 § 339. Canons of Taxation 165-69 JIINDtJ POLITY [PT. n. CHAPTER 1UIV PAGES Economics m Governmen€ and theory of Ownership in Land .... 170-186 § 340. Economic enemies 170 § 341. Economics in government 171 342. Policy towards the mercantile element of population 171-72 § 343. State Industries 173 § 344. Indirect taxation the key-note of the policy 173 Mines 173-74 § 345. Hindu theory on proprietorship in land .... 174. Cole brooke's discUBBion of Mimims§. 174-5 § 346. Conquest and land 176-77 § 347. ThsCUBBion by Prime Minister llladhava .... 177-78 § 348. The Bhattadipiki on the Subject · .... 178-9 § 349. The view of Law and. Mimll.IJls§. in agreement with constitutional theory ..... 180 Jataka on kingship 180 C()ronation. rites and King's position 180 § 350. Indianists' presentation of the' Native Law' on the subject .... 18o-82 Inscriptions and land o\vnership ... . 180-81 § 351. Artha-Sastra Commentary's Sloka .. .. 182-83 Posiiion of the Hindu King § 352. Civil List •.... 184 § 353. King master of no subject .... 184 TABLE OF CONTENTS O:F PART D PAGES § 354. King constitutionally a servant 185 -morally master 185 § 355. His utility .... 186-87 Character of Hindu Monarchy .... 188-91 § 356. State a trust .... 188-189 § 357. A Civil state 189-90 § 358. Paramount poeition of Law 190 § 359. Conquest and sense of Justice 190-91 § 360. Why no inclination for foreign conquest 191 § 361. Longevity a result of Civil Polity 191 CHAPTER mvn IIi nd u Imperial Systems 195-201 § 362. Adhipatya and Sirvabhauma 195-96 § 363. Simrijya System 197-98 § 364. Later history of Monarchical Im perialism .... 198-99 § 365. Chakravartin .... 199-200 Chakravartin System vs. Federal System and Adhipatya § 366. C(lntralization § 367. An Imperial (Gupta} System of Compromise 200 § 368. ('()nstitution under the Second and Thinl Empires 200-01 cHAPTER xxxvm Revival of Hindu Polity 205-06 § 369. Period of darkness and disruption :nxi HINDU POLITY [PT. n. PAGES j 370. Hindu revival under S i v & j i and the Sikhs -· 205 Causes of failure 205-06 CHAPTEB ***'I Conclusion - 209-10 § 371. Longevity of Civil ·Polity-in India, Babylon, and China .... 209 § 372. Test of a Polity 209 § 373. Golden Age of Hindu Polity-in the Future 209-10 § 374. Reformation of the Hindu ~ .. 210 § 375. Hindu's Past IIistory and-his Future 210 APPENDIX D Additional Notes on Put II (1924) 211--12 Sre~{hin or President of the Town 2ll Pratinidhi · 211 Council of State, Representative of the People, -- 211-12 Mahatttmi(l and Gupta Government 212 • INDEX ABBREVIATIONS ERRATA INDEX TO PART I A PAGJIS PAOKS Alliance Vide mitra !abba 142 JbhijaHa (place of origin) 121 Ambash!bas 73.74,75,84 Abhi•~ras ... 64,78 - Abastanoi } 78 .4bhi•fuka 51,91,100,101, -Sambastai 137, 186 --their government democratio Jthi•ltiltla (anointed rulers) ... 186 73,74,81 Abhisbeka- -elected their general• ••. 81 -Of the Licbcbhavis 101 --listened to the advice of -Of the Wb~le country 100 their elders, the latter did .tlr!tilt Paall81 t'.&GI8 Andhras-pr~sumption for their 1 Aristotle 811 being a non·monarcbial alate 14-7 1 Arjuna ... Ul .Abga 8811 Artha 6,8,ll6,lt1 .tlilla (mark) 41,43 A•haya (commentator on An11•ati-kappo (procedure of NIJrada) ... 85 indemnity) lJS Aacelie~~ aa apiea 9U,100 .tlanttar4dAarya • •• « Ashts-kulak& ... 1)8 Antiochus 141 Afoka 141,l",lU,U8,147 .tlatu (neighbouring atates) .,. 148 Asaemhly 27,S0,31,41,60,1 U, lU Anua II A~~embly of the Capital ... 8 .Apad.ra1 (governed by equals) Ill Auociation ••• 80 .Apar4atar 14!,143,144- .Jtthakala.fa-Arthakulab ... 185 Appeal (judicial) .•• US Ajf.la-KatU-oriminal Arijaka or non ruler state 41, procedure ••• -liS 97,98,100,134 Audnmhara eoiaa ... 181 -extreme democracy Tolateean Audumbaras 1111,160,161 in ideal 117 Act of indemnity reduced to -ita legalr.nd communal haaia 184 writing ••• 114 -hr.d ·prohahly r. written Abhlru ... ••• 159•. theory of state ... 172 .Ad4na m ... ) 26 -regarded government aa .Adil.J4 ...... 4 ron evil 178 Abnka 178,llll,IU,l95 -their theory of eocial contraot ljtvr.i:r.a ... 83 borrowed by mo~arcbiata ... 178 Anandr.· 45,48,47,50 -eonld be eaaily conquered ... 178 Apilali · ,.. 10,11, -their life coexlenaive only lrjunllyanr. 184, 146,lU with the state ... ••• 173 I Arjun,yanu ... AO, 67,7S,lll2 Aranu 69,78 I --A )'onuger political com· .Arlla..U ... 461 mnnitf founded r.bout U.e .ArdAa6Aalrt4 ••• . 42 , Ballp tim-tbe character· Ariatocracy--charaeter of I utica of their coins : 15 i,l69, ita government) 87 i 160, 188 Aristocratic constitution- lryaa ... ••• 11 Hindu terms for it- 85 Army- regular and hired 60 Aristocral.i .... democracy: atr.ta I .Au.apatlR4pd• (-I.- where neentiYe power held I regolator) ••• ••• • I 0 i by a f.,w hereditary familiea ,. .Apdujlel J4,35,88,87,88,58 bot aubj!'Ct to & Go!.!& 8i,l28,180 Andbaka lU,ID.t,lll$ • 218 INDEX TO PART I PAG&S l'AGBS Andhras l43,H6 Black beauty (giidra woman ily•i11ae • Agra Sr~Qia 61,72,7S,H5 described as) I 83 Bloomfield I 711 B Board of eightK ulikas-investi Bahnwalpnr ••• 157 gating into criminal cases B,,h,./~r<~-(greater number)... 109 subject to the superior juris· Bala :army) 126 diction · of the beads of the R~Q.a .•. 1 65" Ga1,1a 123 B~llolrvotiog 27,109,1U,1U Book of legal precedents- Boas (Gr. H"J"Loi•) 66,67" among the Lichcbbavis 124 Bhabru-·ono of the elected -meaning, of- 121, 122,125 pre•i·lcnls of the Aodhaka llt'llchmanoi-Br'b mal)ako Vri•h 11 i 191,193,195 no!ma JanapadaJ:t 76 BA.,],tj (constitntional Br:lhmagupta ... 35 !Lilcgianoe) 120 Br4hma~a ... S 1,36 BhauJagarika ... 51 Branma~1a Dm• (Karttikeya llhanJ..,rkar, Ram krishna Go pal 3-t or the God of war) ... 160 B~arga 89 Brahmin Empire 61 Dharhut ocnlptures 110, Ull Buddha 55,87 ,I H,ll5,116,138,179 Dhatinda 152 193,194,195,197 BAa..j1a 39 BA••!iya <'onoLitution 89,90, 133 c -•nrviving in modern Bbuj Cabinet 51,53,83,84 (KathiawaJ) 91,100 Capitulation of the city ... 103 BAaroa-Ga'a 32 Caste ... 35 BA·•Ja 126,127 CAailrala 41 B;,,,1,, U6,U7,1t8 ChaifJal 46 BAil.Au 47,87, 105,106, I Oll, Chancellor 45,46 109,110 Chancellor of the Exchequer 51 Dbikohu-SaiJigha 46 Chandrgupta Maurya Hl,HG BAI,.,a 191,19~ C4,ira 126,127 Dboja ••• 96 CAara,a• ... 20,132 Dhojakaa ... IJ0,95,1U,IU CAaraMj PAGIIS PA.GI8 Citizens (inner and outer) 61 Council of Final Appeal ... 113 Citizenship · ,,, 119,110 Council of .Ministera ••• 8,10 City republics on the Indue .;. 167 Council of Regency 99 City-states-mentioned Councils-Equal right of aa republics by Arrian 66,84, I 16 speech and voting ... 61 Clerke of the House (Lord clerks) Conn try :artificial) ... 181 -taking minntee of reeolutions Court of Appeal ... 36 and deliberations . •• 113 Court of the Eight ... 113 -called Mal.4r4ja• 113 Court of J ostice ... 113 CAAad.t vide Vote 1OS Criminal jootice ... 180 Chanda, Ramapra.sad 81• Criminal procedure Chandra gupta (Manrya) U.l,H6 Licbchhavis) .•. Congress· hall 60 -wrong oompariaion between Congress of Rajagriha 106 the Tibetan and the Con~ of Vesali lOla Licbcbhavia inatit11ted and the Coine 83,40,41,43,67,6l, 10 called resemblance between 65,67,68 the two refuted 184,18&,186 Common policy of State ••• U Criminal proced11re (Tibetan) Common 1 a m i t i ... -Ita atagea deacribed · •• , 185 Commnmd-honse of Law 60 Confederaciea (of ·the 0~) Community-Welfare. (Seven-· 126,128,129,130 conditions of) ••. 48,47 Crimin;u procedure ... 63 Constitution .... 87 Cunningham ••• 40s, 62• •k~ -Bbanjya 90 ._Pettanikaa 95 ·n -~a.r,jya 99 -Dvair4jya 96 o~1;,, 1.. . - ... 189 --IUshtrika -·95,98 D•1J4• ...... J!7 -Srir4jya 91 D.t1J4( ... 6 -Vairajya ·- 92 D41J4m ...... 85 - Virnddha-rajj£ni ·- 99 D•f/1]11-lt'lt~ ...... 6 -Yanvar4jya ... 99 D4•• ...... us Constitutional Allegiance vide D4rJUJ,; ••• 85 B4dti 120 D411ir11u -· 40, 165 Oonetitntion (change of) 131 Dia-Bbodha ... 8 Coronation 3i Degraded easte1 - UDder Corporation !8,80,34 Hioda rulers ••• ... 14.8 Council of Elders 77,81,83.. Deliberation• ... 1!,80 220 I~DEX TO PARr I P.oGBS P.oGitS Delegation committee (ubbahik.i) Elected King-among the 110,111,118 Kat has 81 composition of 112 -among the Patalas 82 Democnwy-of (l)the Ambasthas, -among the Kunindas 82 (iii tho Kshudrakas and Emp're: Gupta 59 !\I alavas 81 I Empire: l\faurya 59 St Empire : Saisunllka 59 (iii) of Patala ••• ... 1 (iv) of the Punjab Si I Envoy 52 (v) (:tfara-1\llrUI 9 2 I Era of Prowess. (Vihs rna I (vi) Uttara-l\Iadras .. . 92 ., Era) .•. 152 Dhamma 106,112,ll6 Equality bJ Kula and DAarnta (Law) .•• 7 -by birth, universal 130 DharMa-dakra-a. reli~ious Espionage 129 empire as opposed to a city Exchequer 129 state of Dharma 116 Executive authority-dele- Dharma.sUtraa ••• 21 gated to a second chamber . .. 83 Diodorus ••• 66,81,8-' Executive Council 40,53,83 Disunion (Met/a) ••• 128 Executive power 41 Diounion-mcthoJs of Exposure of dead bodies creating 14-1 (among the Lichchhavis)- 18) Division (constitutional sense) 109 -lheory of Tibetian origin Doctors o[ Law 53 ! based upon its existence DorJji•i•i 2 6 among the Licbcbhavis DouLio Chamber Constitution 44. criticized 1113,164 Dual groupo ... 41, U Dual sovereignty-in Avauti 96 -in Nepal 96,97 ' F Dvairijya (rule of two) 96, 97, 99 Federal Council •2,53,5' Federal states-equal voles .. 5' Fleet Dr. 29 E Foreign policy . .• SO Ekarlja (monarch) HI,H , •'ranchise Sl .EIJert1 18,19,85 : -in the Aristocratic republics EIJert1 (of K11l a•) ... 130 1 vested in the family 119 EIPCW general among the -in 1be democracies 119 Aml>aolhas ..• 81 -in tbe indiviJual 120 -among the Lichchhavio 1!2 ; extended to outsiders l2l Elecll'll rulert1 .•• . •• 42,48 Free right of discussion 18 • IIIIIDU POLITY [ 1'1'. I. Paau l'aou G Gar,~u. when ·oonqqered h7 Gada-(A leader of the V rialu;1ia, monarcha legal decision made brother of Krisbr,~a) ttn,I9i,l9 .. aubject. to the appellate juri.. 04tut411ftJt}ik• (p,..sident of diction of the monarch or the the township) .•• ••• 119 rosa! ehief juatice, lU, their Gar,~a.-refere to the whole body cbaraoter 125-180 politio and in the alternative Gar,~! ... 28,!9 to Pa.rliament . .. ••• 1 U Gindbiru ... 60,1U,li.. ,l41i -defects of their constitution 126 ~have a muiAyiJ int!ead of a -executive bodt oonaiat.ed of king the chief a.ud president 125 -their codntrr fr.mo11s for 0tJ!III·itlftdAtJ114 •• 30 wood ...... 145 Gar,~a Court ... 123,1" -claued with Vaattil Gaf}IJ 1!8,27,28,29,30,8 I,St,•O, !!hbis ... 4i,ll0,83,8 ,,85,86,87. 89, Gaura.Siras 91,96, 99,10~,1U, 119, Gautamlp11tra ...... 161 l!ll, U3,U6,12!1,129, 180, Geueralillsimo (Sen:lpati) 11,6t lll,l5S,l71,119,18l Glaucb11kiyana • -deliniti<~n of . ... 81 Glr.ncbnkllyanaku 110 Gar,~amukbyu (the chief of the OotlLJ» ([lar,l&) .,. 131 G&r,~U) ••• Ootsmlpulra S•tskart~i Bats,,. GtJ,,..._,.,u!/1 ...... \!7 baaa 81 Qllf"JIBralll (&88emhlt whip) 27,107 Golrts (rsce) ... lU,lSO,ISI,ISS, o.911 Rajt• ... ~" -ethnic ~nd political IU,i87 Qaf}IJ rtfi41 ... 51 Golrdlll/l ••• 43 G.,. r•j!JII (Govemment by Government (ahetract) 18,181 parliament) 26, 21 .Or4aa . 1-i .GoQa-riyilJ.i ...... 26 Orimaoi . 14, 15, lSI Gat}llrlAaa Sl GrimantkaJ, (town rnlen) 167• Gal).as (religious) · 86,131 Great IJishi., 8 Oar,la-slate ... 1111 Greek lettera ••• 83 Gar,I&S governing bodt of the- Gricraon ll!s, IH -ita functions ( i) Conduct Griinwedel (Prof.) 181,181• the &ffairs of the eommnnitf, hia opinion• on the foreiga 125 ( i ) held meetinga and tJPe& ia Bbarbn& and Siiichl diaeusi.ed Resolution• (iii) ICillptnrea qaoted ... 181 Uli, •w to the adminiatra- Guild ... •t tion of justice 125 GaluU. tSecret method) ·- 100 • !SilEX TO PART I PAGII8 ' P4GIIS G"~"~'"' 43 Imperial Code of G01·ernanc£> .. , 4o Ouru OorinJa Sir.ba 8 Jmperialiem (federal) 137 Gyal-tohab (RKgent of Tibet) 185a. Imperial Systems S Incomplete congregation-can· n not trani!&Ct officit.l acts I 07 Indian guilJ and caste HaiLaya (royal dynasty\ 145 ...,<>- ciations 1211 JbrivaiJl<;a 87 -equality in 129, ISO llar.~a 165 l•·lraparal·a (kula) 131 II a•t,iM:a 43 Inhabitants (Vuantana.lJl) IIeraldic m&rk 4! Sl luscription : Kbarvela Hcr•ditary lead.r•hip .•. 95,96 Inscription: Rudrad,man llerc P.a.na P&OP JJtlamini 3$ K11pl1lflala• .•• 160 Jayarima 19n, 1911 Karaka·de&Iyaa ... 185 Jinakt 85 Karaka-j4ttyas ...... 1811 JiiMpadtJ 1, 84, 811, 4.1, DJ, uo, Karkota N 'gar .•. lli2 Ul Karmardhi (founder of a kala) 181 nti thirtb not caste) 119 Karpataa ••• 166 -(a aeoondary character) 185 Kashmlru llill Johiyi Rajputa - (Vide Katha 120,18,,1 08,160,188 Y audheya) 151 Katha-deUyu ... 1311 Joint federal constitution 4.1 Katha·Jallyas ... lSfl Jolly .•• 80,65,20&t~etq Kath& ph ilosopber ... 111,88 Judicial administration 12:1 Kathiaua 61 Judicial Assembly ••• 8 -Katha• Judicial bl18inesa-elaborate --one of the most powerful records kept ... 114. 'nations' of India ... 4,611 1 udicial minister... 52 --their capital 8afliala. Judiciary S -their aocial customs 66 Jrlry 58, 110 --theil law for destruction of - (nbbabikl)-nddbik t>itle weakling• among children 611,81 delegation committee 110, 111 --electiQn of th~ir 'King'... 81 Jury (sabhi) odd nnmber KaW)<}oparatha ...... 811 enjoined 110 K'kaa- ... 156 -of neighboors deciding land K'lidaaa-and the Uteaft" dispute 110 Sabketa;a •••• ,166 ..,..Decieion of honest majority K'mandaka. to prevail in ease of division 110 K 4•atlA;mu ... K11fi· Kosala ... K Lha Paoas PAGKS Keralaput,o 100 Kahudhrakaa mentioned by Kharapai'B.s = Kharaparika.s 156n Plitaiijali but afterwards never -probably Karpal•>~ of MalHI· mentioned, probably fully Bh6rato. t"66 amalgamated with the M:Uavas Kbattris 59 during their migration 152, Khattl'ia-of Sindb 62 155,170,1H ·--of the Punjab 62 K"la (elders) 53,851811,123,126, Kharavola H2 127,128 K ing-ccnsul 81,89,95 K .. la (fumily)-as the basis of Kings- 11 franchise 119,120 -ele.,tion di•puled in a fable [(,.[a (iu the sense of a court) on grouuda of uupleasant -pre•ided over by K11laka1 I 2~,124 presence 116 K11la :states} 86,119 -two hereditary 12~ Kulaputta (cadet of a family) Kongdus (joint beads of local careers open to... 89,119 adminiutratiou of the two Kula of !Uj4s 85 divioiona in the Cbnmbi [(,.{a/&a "' 58 Valley) ISO Kr~la-1a1nglla 85,128 Kosalu 83,39,48,49,54,103 -Elders 130 K risbQ.a-elected president of Kula1, religious ...... !16 the Andhaka-Vrisbt~i, states K"lilta (aristocrats) US bia difficulties in conducting Kukur&.rl 67,59,1551li7,19J.,197 the fmlural council 42,871120 Kut~indas= Kaulindas= Kau\1 169,176pp.191,197 inda• Kuliudrine-their Kri•h~;~iyat~a I 16 coins are struck in the name Krila ••• 15~ of tbe King and the political K•~•llriya• 3!,6() 61, f4.1 100,1 U community 8:t Kshndrah- ~!,lavas Kurus • 11,57,~8,59,131,18 7 --their league oullived the Kushato coin• ••• 4.5 . Maurya Empire 71 --bad no king 100,!50 --oent citizens to negotiate L peace 81 Lachcbu - (a corruption of --el•ct~d a grnen.l 81 La\shmat~a in Bihar and Doab) 187 --their handoome looks 87 1 La.taAa~a •• , U 1~3.134,138 Ld•h••a· JJA1aiiA" U K.hudhrakaa S ~.SS,S7 ,3~,60, LahA•a~ 187 68, 69,70, 71,7 2,7 5,81.8i,86,1 ~2 Laksbmtdhara 7 • ...995 UIKDD POLITY (PT. I. PAOBS PAGEl LJ•cUau .•• •2.43,4' Magiatratea of oelf governed oitiee 61 Laws· for Kinge •• • ••• 7 -prooouuoiog lioa.l ordere n Laws of republic• ••• 123 weaklioga amOD!J the children J..awyer.J udgee ... ••• liS ol Kalba tribe . •• . 86 Leadet& of gar;~aa 129, ISO Mahtbhoja ... 90,107 Lecbchakia ••• .•. 541 MaM·K-pa ... ••• I 04 Legal prooeduree .•• Jill lld4rJja .• ~ .•• 311 . (Vyavahllra) Mllblrija...Jaoapada ... Ut LegislatioD · ••• . . . 1114 j -republican, of the democralio L~vi, Sylvain .•• S8,Ua &9. i typ~ ... .•• 161 Lecbchharika-owniog allegi- 1· -their g..;va coioa · .•• 159 aooes to the Lscbchbavi coo.. Mab4rijll ;title of the recordere ·titutioo ..• . .. 121 ' of tbe HouH" ••• IIS,llt,l201lll Lichcbhavia 45,48,~0,6S,M,Ii~,li7, Jla!Mttda (uistioguiebed 68,59,68,!1~,85,1 a,IU memben) 61 -their handsome looke 87, I MaUvJra 17ti,M 96,163,165,170,171,174-, Makkbalia ••• 83 17ii,l76,17Y,18S,l84o,185 Mlllava-gaQB ... · 19 -a ramification of the Videba1 185 J16lMJa(r. IU,Sli,S7,88,60,68, -the derivatioo of the word 69,70,71.71,"74.,76,77,81,. from Sanskrit root discoued Jill St,Ut,Uii,UO,lr. Life of Arpollooine of Tyana 81 Malavakfl •• ... 171 Lord C1erka-(recorden of the Mlllavaa-tbeir modena di-.daote HonH) ••• 118,114 · U,67,87,15l,llif,lli3 114laf1111~ ••• •••. U4. M Mal.awai.dialect ... . ••. IQI Madbyade'a .•• ... 137 Malia~ ••• 67,68,111 Madbyamakeyu .•• 1115 Mallakia •• ••• 66 Madbyamiki .•• . .•• 163 Mallu 48,49 ,liO,b4,li8,61J Madraka (One of Madra bhakti) 121 -two 131,187 Madrakaa 67,58,59,1M,U5, Malloi ... .•• 84,11~ 1S6,1a Jl4114tlia ·- •a Madras 39,88,92,1!0, I SJ, M4aaoa Arllu· 8 iUtra 8 ISS, 18',138, 161,165,17 4,188 Jla•lra ••• 11,80,83,U8,1U -their migration into Raj. · MutratlAa,.., 40,83, U I ,181 putana ... ••• 151 (tboae vated with the polic1 of •tete) Magian feature& (in the Jla.tr.. ,.,t; .•• ... U7 :teligion of the Licbehbaria) 179 •.. ,,.. "'.. .,,.,. IU • 226 ·INDEX TO PART I P•o•s PAGitS Manu ••• 8,110,123 N Martial otaloa (composed of ::-iabh:ilra .... U5 men o£ all cas!.,.) lH Nachikelae ... SJ -or J.:astcrn Rajput.ana 151 Nahapaoa ... 152 Mat1ytJ .•. 7,155 Nand& army 67 llfllwya· N yllya (anarc~y) 97 NariiAfa 1711., 18 Maltero of state ..• II Nation (territorial) 132, post- "Maundi-nikllya ... y edic, arti6cial and philosophic Municipalitie• etage 133 Maurya Empire -extending National assembly 11 up to Persia 1 ~I N&tional jttdieature 18 :'\{ull'••lhenea 25,6~,1!4,13~,1 33,189 Nationality (political! ... 133 -divides the country into two Natkmality (tribal) 133 fo~rms of ~overnmeot 63 :s'atti·chatuttha (The four Menau.Ier ••• 38,95 fiatti procedure) · motions !ltilitary Art •.. &6.37 moved thrice-the rules r• Mio~Maelor ~ them 107,108 Minu~s of the meeting 113,114 Natti duti;,a (the one ilatti Mongolian origin of Hindu procedure, (rules r• motions. republica (the theory of) ••• 179 moved,once ... 108,102,109 based . on tbe aoubnosea iu Natti-Jiiapii Vhle Motion... 10~ llharl111L and Saiiobl oculp· Na;ya ... 6 tur.,., and the custom• of the N ibbakas I SS, US II imaiayan -hill-men 179, Nabh&-panktis US,145 refuted pp. 180-11!9 Nabhitino :tho three N'bbae) J4j Mitra·labba (alliauce) lU Nigar ... 152 -to allow tho ah·ong to live N•lgarae-(citizens of the capital and tho weak to be reduced or the members of the capital .Mix Mote·h..Jl 60,1 U I Kri•h~,~a relatee his political • Motion 104,,105,107,11,,13~ trouW"" ... 169, pp.191..,...91.7 (htti or Jii.. pti) Nega•a (City·A88emLly) • 1),P 'r.rueioaui-~fucbukar(la . ... 75 Nemi' · 87 ..-l\lousikanos ...... S7 Nep&l ... r9 Jhl•fa·I>.J•(IA ..a coronation. -coioe •3 of the Ms.IIu .•• 1 0 I Ni6~odAaUr• 6, 7 • . 2.21 111 NDU l>OLI'tY [PT. t. P•ou P•oaa Nikayaa 44 -analogy with Spartan oona· NivUa. (domicile) I!I titution • •. 77 Ntlaho~ha ... 8 -two hereditary kinga u ,..,cA,,.. 111 I commander& ••• . ..: n Nili • ... 6 Palichl.laa 11,14,SI,Ii7,1iS. • Non·delegation System among ! 69, 137 the democracies !14 I PaaeAII· Talllra ••• ••• 8 Non monarchical communitiea i Panday (Mr.) ••• 171 in the inaoription of ' Pafllti le& Samndragupta .. 16611 Pargiter ... 7b N yaa SS Par!lrshil ••• J 87 Pari•l~t~~l (Pariahat) lB,lO,IO,lll Par/fla "' 85 0 1 Paff4ralU ... 88 Odomboerea 1811 ,. Pati ...... lt Patiala atate 16! Uli.tarchy of the Bhoja Petta. Paar11 ••• S,SI nib -·- 911 PlcAilliJII (reopening of a One-Chambe~ conttitution 44 Opinion of the majority 103, lOI seUied question liable to Opposition to a motioa 115, 118 eensnre) Jll 0-aioi a PtUau .., 1 Ostracism ( among the l P4,id 9J,114.,JJO,Ut,l!t, Ar,jakaa) ... 173 l 182, 134.,1 u O.:ydrakai - Kshudrakaa u, ! Pl.ru b!& (diatrict) • ••• • 185 68,72,86 I Patl.na.praatha ... 77. P:ltimokkha ... 104. Pitiniku ... 1U,14.3,157 p Per1ian ·Coinl ... 13 Parliament !7,50,51,83,8l, Pettanili.: 89, 9o,uu,tu,tos,u7 ·85, 1u Phil~tna ... !16 -of 60000 representat.ivea 67,1110 PiU.tiAa1 (oee) Pettaniku Parliament (federal) ••• 191 Pitentikaa ••• • •• 95,88 Parliament-m&tten discussed in U Pointlesa apeechea {allagttnh) _Parthian Saku ••• ... 15! p,_..tion•agaiori 110,111,111 Party ··• ••• 41,U -Referred &o a jarr or eom- Plllsl4 77,85,U8,1H m~U~oa - 110, 111 -preference for migration to Political Anthoritr - reatiog Gbmia&ion ••• . 77 • with the Ga.va or S..:ha ·- 81 228 INDJI:X 'IO PART I 1' AOBS PAOBS l'olitical loyalty, open to -settlement of pointless otrangers 13-lo speech hy the delegation Politico-religious books 8 commit!eer .., 112 Popular asoemblies II Provaha\1~ Jaiv.. Ia (or Jaivali) 12,13 Political opies g:~, I 00 Ptolemy 61 Poro• 6l,18,175 Pnlindas-a dravidian people Pratlh~na 125 but republican ... 143, 146 Pr<~~lha•w 127 Punch-mo..-ketl coins 43 l'radyumna 120, 19t Punjab 88,59 Pr(1jrl,.oati 5,15 Pushkara 7 l'ralijiia (resolution) 105 Pn•hyamitra republ:c Pracht 137 -founded by one Pusbyamitra Pr:lrjona• ·•• 15611 -developed great power and (itlontical with Pr:ljjiiQah) ... 156n wealth, inllicted a defeat on President 63 the imperial forces · under -giving punishment in bis K umaragopta1 - harassed own nome 12~ Skanda-gnpta who crushed -hie election or • selection them I 68, 164, 16~ 87,91,lll9,130, Pushyamitras (republican I6a, tso people) .•• 163,16i,l65 Presidents of the Lichcbbavis Pusbyamih·a ••• 13& highest judicial authority ..• 52 Priga 41,124 -l•i• deci•iona carefully P6gagam&\}ika lpresid•nt of recortlcd .. 52 the industrial guildo) 119 -term...d u Rij' Ill Presti • f l'rasthl\las 7 6 Principles of Government 138 Q. Principle of repl"esentation ... U5 Queen of Sciences 118 Procedure of Censure against Qoorum 27, 107, 114 miadumeanonro in speech llS -number of twenty for all Procedure of indemnity ( aon- formal acts l07 ••ti koppa) -rejooted by followers of Buddhism liS R Proc..dure of majority 109, Race (gotra) ... ISO 110, 111, lU Rapson 83n. 48165,ttltq. Proooeding in presence ( Sa•· a.uhapala ... us .. ••U" TiHaJa) I II RatfAika ... 89,95 • 229 HJlfDU POL1'1't' [ 1'1'. J. 'P&GU IUj.. DLarma ... Repobliesa ia the n-of galla Ut Rajagrih& ••• 101 -ia tbe name of the eoaatrr 181 lldjalrs ... 8l,,l,U -With ga\IU u Protector IUid... 85 (lrlftuJ•) ·- 131 IUja-electiofl nd re-electioa II -ia Rajpotaaa ; ,_rded ia -Preaideai ·of repablic. Vide Mab4-Bh4rata .•• - Ui P,..,.jdeot 185 -aew biotorioal ia•laneea Ul, Ill lUju_ra form of goveroment 88, Repnblieaa State1 f,U,BI . 39,40,4.1'67,18&,IU -Aod the Gnpw 168,1 .. Rajanyu -proper . ome of a -.dmioiatratioa procedure ·- .. political people 100,158 -branrJ ••• 170 - demoeraer .•• 169,160 -dharma of and -wbole l napada coa..,.,..ted -dharma •IJ1gba llf to rnlersbip ••• U9 -oomerated < ·- R4jaaJ«IG ••• 11 K.alyu, R6ja$..blia republic wbicb Kaaodibri recopired the tiile of IUjaa 81 Jftdla lldjahUDJ14fteia 38 Mm, .., 8 4i•-Saotra. • •• • Li« PAOIS PAO&S -their system of justice 63 -their re-appearance ·in -the Milavas (MI\Iavis) their Sullga times, their migration modern descendants ••• l &a -their longevity 114. -the Maurya policy of -the legends on their colnt 163,14.2 bre .. kin~r np of .•• V8 -under Atoka ... 142,14:1 -their adm.ioiatrative viJinea 170 -under the Mauryas 141,148 ·-their cnlt•trCI -their status varied according -thoir di..,ppearaooo 163·166 to their strength 142 -their love of liberty and Republic of politico 117 migrationa llli,la5 -turned into trade guilds 59 -their mo1·al aseet•: a bigb Representatives ••• 14 ..,noe of justice, discipline, ne. J utlicaea liS respect for popular feeling... 169 Reeolution procedure ... llll - tbuir system• estimated 1 Resolution p.p.169 .•. 177 -before the &&1J!gha .•• 105 -their weak points : many of 18,116, 1 u, 134. th18e were smal1, !levoured by -moveJ at. the instance of large at.ateo aild ceased to exiat the Buddha lOS when oonq uered 175 -party alfected formally '-ill mo·;er IOi informed of 105 thrir dioappeamnoe in tbe -repeated thrice assembly end of tho fifth cent. ... remaining aileot, wu declared -wore & nation &t arms prone carried 105 to form league& 17() Revenue (colleotio11 of) lll9 -unoametl on the Ravi RoA Paoas P•ou 8..6/ia a popular body 17 &..iti ll-18 -iiAI eompooilion 18 -fuoctiooe ...... 11 -ita judicial function 89 -it. Premdent . •• It -ita reeolatioa ...... 18 -eoutitntioa ... 14 8a&.f,.e.fara ... IIJ -hiatoricalcareer U,t8,t7,18 8a!Jlt4-pati 18 Samkanba96 ( A leader of Sacrament eeeential in every oppmrition to krishna) 191,194 eonstitntion ••• 100 SalJI&tbag:(r& •.. ... &0 Sagal...-Madra capital Samndragupta - described ~· 93,94 &.•••1-a Yi..,.ra-vide pro- 8acllitta Sf , . ceeding in preaenoe ... - 8aj4ta 1 Ill 8a•r4;ia. •• , ••• 137 Sdala-Y1tll11 .•• 64 Samvajji• ... &kotaaa jappal:aa (whispering SanaUotba ...... l55n. method) 110 S.tnohi Seulptore~ 119,181 Sal:•• 8 Saflkala ... U,65 8al41:4 vide Voting ticketA •• Sabk&Nchirya ••• 165 Salalti Gnllal:tl (eolleotor of Sall.t~ta-1'8110lutioa votes) hia five qnaliRcation•• 109 a republic ••• ... 166 SalcUI Gr4Aa'li' (Colleetion of Suekritr-lnniaa baHS ... 80 votes) 8a.UA4f4ta. ... 60 SRJP&yaa (the law• of gavu) 8aalo 19 Samboe 78 Sipindi Nikaya .. &JIIgba · Constitutioa-politi• Sa~vati. ••• ••• '161" cal and religion• 103, l04 Sa1J6l4 M4uN ... 11 S&lllgba U,!7,28,29,S2,3S,St, Saunb. . • • 166 35,39,42,43,«,50, 78,'13,105, 8ati-praetiaed hJ the 106,1lO,lll,l12,116,111J, 141, Katba~n. o• tU,t5t,- Satiyaputo -· I 00 Bamgladlianai• 85 Sautlr4ytlt141 ... ••• 1511 Samgba eldera of, fatbera of, Silaflklyana l3J,l45,UO,U9, leadera of, ••• 41 180,188 &mgba political 3S ... 88 Saqtgba religinu 28,3S,l03,10• $al4l•ra ••• lU &va,Ar 28,99,158,169,191 · SAya gaoa-memhert, old 194,196 and rooog ... 60 ••• 14 Bakya muui 116 28 Stkya p&l'liameot ... 120 • 232 !Nf>EX TO PART I PAG&S PAGES Saky... 48,~9,50,87, lOS, 116, Sind Valley ... :i~,39 117,120,138 Sini ...... 41 -their nationlllity describ•d 187 Sister marriage (the custom of) sa .... 126 does not prove a I ien origin S4pale!ll"lll"" Pelt.nika 89,90,95 of the Sakyas 187,188 Silphat lea .1 Sivaji-Chhatrapati 8 S.Utra· r 4rttal) 62 SO'!rai- Saudraa 7.,. S.Utropojir:.n 36 Soh gaura plate 44 Satvat Bhojaa ... lH Somadeva 7 Satvats 39,90,91,100,18l, Sophoi 86 188,189 Sophytes • Saubhiiti 65,66, lllO -Conotitution .•• 159 - Sopeithes 66 Scbismo (in Duddbist &alJlgba) 131 -their Social customs 66 Snope and source• (of Hindu -the intense political character Polity) 88 of the individual 81 Sculpture 181 -their handsome looks ... 87 Seal a ... u Sora fAa 61 Scale in the assembly 104. Sovereign Assembly 1,11 s.cood llouse - oompoaed of Sovereign st.tes 37 elected dlde!'S .•• 81,88 Sovereign-Whole country 58 Sdeuouo ••• 1•1 Sovlra GS &nt! 20 Spartan constitution 66 Sen~pl\ti (General) .. 18:1 Spies 128 Senate ... •t 8r4rtgAna-dtlij'al 135 Sen&.rt · 71l,8h, 179etuq 8raugAt~a-Jalljal 135 Sibis ... 155 Sr~11i• 60,73,H. Siboi=~ibio 6!1,74,71',77 Standa.rda '2 -Saibyaa 68 State ... liS -Sivis 6K State baaed on contract 184 -their migration - their State mark •3 ooius ••• US States-ambiguously described 711 Signature •s Phegelaa- ? . Bbagala Sikha 87 G lauoai or Glaukanikoi Silpa (arq 87 St.tes hearing personal names 1S4 s•• l4na (crematorium) 18. Stat.secret ... 128 Smith, Yinoent . 1•3 Strsbo 68 Siudbu Iii Sudbamma Sabbi (The Hall of l::lindbu Sauvlro.a SS good law) 118 • 233 ll!NDU POLITY [ PT. 1. PAOBS I Sudras s~ tsB T !!okra ... ~ Sukra ntti .•• ll Oa Tacitna ... ..~ 14• Sufi~ • 60,61,14.8 Taksbaiili lU,H.li Sotisbtra-The country owing Tamil eonntry ••• H 1 its name to the IUshtrika Tarapurwalr., Sorabji ... .Jll constitution ... 9& Tasr.tiou 3 8..,.4.Ae,,.. ••• 157 Tas.,...~piyyaeiki·kamma lOS,lOS sut ..... dharae 53· T.tva.tims& ... 87, 113 1!15 Toolmical literature ••• 4 Bfl!rar 7, 8 Th,lmri fa.mily ...... 98 B~aya•64uva Alana 8 Theocra.tio government (of the Sv4r.tjya. 91 ,9~,1\1!1, l ~9 Chumbi valley) 181 -equals 91 Tbom&~~, F. W. : .. 29 -elected president 91 Tibeta.n affiuitieac of the Svet&ketu ... 12, IS, 14, 188 Lichchbava System, republica.n, tb .. ir -paper on by l'olr. V. Sm1tb : 18!1 criticisms theory of Tibetan origin -their materisl prosperity diocuued and refuted 180-181 110, 171 Tibeta.o goveromellt 180 -they were good agricnl Tibetans 179 turists 171 Tirhut ••• 611 -para.tion of powers and Title~' 36 functions among them snggest Tokba.ria·. ., 8 •gacity anol a vut constitu- Town-rolere ... 157 . tional experience ••• 171 T9w:_nobip . -absence of sacerdotal ele Trade-goildo "21 ment in their chiefs 171 TransiLi~n from monarchy to -philosophic basis of the repnhli~ 74 -<~tates 171,11 I Tribe and state : Greek and their elected ruler a servant of ! Indian points of view 78 the state 111 Tribes .. 11M,!fl,211, 30, Ill extreme form of individnaliem Triga.rttu 15~,170 existed in aome. iD others ; Triga.rtta Sbuhtha U, 18 individuals existed for the Trikahika 145 state, and io motlt othere, tbe T.A,..di tTibetao .Tildicial state and the individual were procedure) ••• 8158. identical 17!,173 Tomonr (author) 621, 53• • 234 INDEX TO P.ART t PAo•s ~ PAAHS u i Var~a 41,122 UdJeha (ga~a) 181 ' Yarpi11 ••• 141 lTdlchls (Nortberoers 144 , Varaha-:'11ihira 62,157 Ugra I 00 VaT'hn ktinz 176 l 1g•·asena-one of the elected Va§a ... 137 vro•i.leoh of tlw Andhaka V a.•atis 75 Vri·~~i IU1,193 ya,,,,/aa (Krish~a) 19~,194 lj graseua 195,197 :, Vasudeva 41,~2,120,121 !J grasen,. llahhm 41 l"asll·ga~a 32 Un-anointeJ rulet• I 0 I I V&tsas ... 39,49 -au unlawful ruler-a term ' V ihika U,36,38,78,159 ,,f contempt iu Hindu politics 101 rah!lai• ua. - opplirrl to foreign tribes iq vajapeya 91 tho l'nraQ.,. 101 Vamarathas ... 159,160 Uptli ... 106 Yci.rt/4 i P.t.eliB PoolS rirJj- 94 Wi~tieAiAi!• •tlil4mlllt•-Y"illi•- P .....ident of vaidjya repnhliCB 91 eAat• •tlil4•4trll - 185 .. VilalJ .... . •• 11 Whitney ,, ,,, 110• Vihoimitra ... Hit Winternitz ... .•• 114 Vivattda.t (open method of •ote taking) ••• 110 V ob'riku liS Xathroi ... 1'olldril4= Vy4f11tlil6ri.tll J!!fi Vote-(Chhanda) 10S,tO•,lo8, 10111111 y -Connoting free wiU and choice 108 Yatlus ... 11,188 -Of abeent.ees ... 108,109 Td 1a0rifiee 180,181 Means of taking 110 Yakaha 181,181 Vyi4i (grammarian) 183 Yakah411 181 Vote taking. Open method Yuodharm&ll 185 ('l'illlllaflam) ... 110 Yauvar4jya ... ·- ell Secret method (Gnlhabm)... 110 Ydta 117 Whiopering method YtltUvaz ,, 4.0,90,194,197 (Sakal>oa-jappakam) 110 Yandheya 35,36,89,40,1D,67, Voting ... 184 61,67,1 1,78,88,lii8,1U,l 45,141 Vy:lsa. ... ••• IIIli -their constitution : ilad an Voting ticket. (Saloiki) 17,109,110 eleetea president ; had ao exe· -Made of wood ... 109 cutive committee; their coiot Vriddhao (eldera) ... 19,57,58,83 and -Ia atruck in the uame •. Vrijilul (One of V riji Bhakta) 120 of Yaudheyuaod tbeire&billet Ul Vriaht>io 40,41,611,1'1,87,1!0,132, -•u"ived the :Manryao 13~,157,169, 188,191,195 einpire, the &trap, the Vpji-Vajjia ... . 89,45,U,68, KuJ.eu· their milit&rJ' 1811,120,111 ,123,1U,J 88 glory iu Second Ceot.ory Vrika .•. 85,58 A. C teetiSed by Rudm TruiJi Bamgla .•. 120 dimaa,-by Samad.. Gnpta Uti YtaNAMII ...... U'l -their eleeted preaideo~ lliO, their coins found aU over the w ooDDtry between the Satlej Wajjian- Vrijjian -lflfL · and the lamna: their preai Weber ..• 70. diog deity or •tate..lakahaO& Walsh (E. H.), ... 179,180 K'rttikeya, ib pi of ~~- Weber and Apitali '10 iamand wv · UO • l.NDEX TO PART l PAG118 -their next destroyer: for· were self-ruling-organised as eign rule of the northern a city state of the Indian Satraps leaJing to the immi •·epublican type in the time gration of the stronger re of Alexander, probably Perso J>uhlics · to Rajputa.na-15 ~. Greeks. Hinduised Greeks 165,1 H,lSI,HS -regarded as In~ians by -their d isappea.ra.nce from 1\ lexander's companions. history somo.time before the -their state organised as aris tenth century A. C.-the tocracy-their president called Johiya Rajputs their modern A.kouhhia. 147-148 Pages Pages Chariot-makers 10, 20 --collection of waters. for. .24 Chiil)akya 103 27,28 Chief Justice .... 123 -human ideas underlying 22 Citizens of the Capital (See -:-its history .... 46 Paura:;), -oath in Maha-Bharata .... 4~-45 Civil Li~t -womanhood at . 43 Commander of the army .... 9. 16 -'>ath and Brhadratha Communal officf'rs 9 lllaurya so Cornpef!sation bills against -oath in Muhammadan Crown 98 times; 52 Corporation -Paura-J~napada 98 65 -of cultivators Coins, Naigama (Negama) .... 75 6 debased silver 162 --of merchants, · cattle' -Dojaka 78n breeders, bankers, artisans .... -Eran 78n 75 Country-as God in the eyes · -Janapada 79 of the king 45 ; 61 -Paura 78 Creator,-and Constit~on ·55 -t1jPniya 78 -as constitutional broker -imperial 28 between Manu and men 163 -republican 2B, 40 Consecration-royal 5 D -of Sivaji Chhatrapati 51 .... 57. 129. 145 --in Muhammadan timPs .... 5I Dandamis .... liOn, III Cnnstitulion of the East 4 Dar;u;lanayaka 147.149 -Priucipl<"s of, in coronation Da'Qc;la piila 134 42 Durgapala 134 -nndt•r A~oka .... 143. 144. Dasaratha (Aikshvaka) tiJ 145. q6 Dasaratha (Maurya) 521S Contract (throry of social).... 5,56 Dasabodha .... 2o6n -bet ween king and people · 84 Dauvarika IJ1, 133, Coronation cen·mony 14 Departments .... 131 -and age for 52 -of. mining and manufac- Coronation oath 6 tories .... 173 -•malysis of .... 49 Dcpo~ition and -and fort'ign barbarians, 53 -re.instatemcnt · u, 40, so. 55 I6o -and Paura-Janapada 83, 188 -bn•aking of oath so •Desa. .,.. 6z 241 ·BIBDU POLITY (PT. IL Pages Pages -Samgha ··- 6s,66,67 -o£ Rudradllman .... 52 -adhyaksha ...• 67 Electors II -sthiti .... 107 Emperor IS Dharma Sail .... 44.8::z -chakravartin 197 Dharmidhyaksha I3 Empire IS, 28, 6I Dharmidhikarin ~59 one-umbrella 196 Diet (Parliament) 108 up-to-ocean- •·... 197 Divine Origin· of kingship -of religion ... . •... 197 -Theory of .... s6, ss Endorsements ... . 138, 139 Doab ...• 194 ElCcise 165 Duncker 207,2o8n -duties 168 Durga 62 Exports Duties, import .... I68 duties on 168 Diita ...• 123, 127, 138 policy towards- 168 Diitaka •••• ISO F -meaning of (administra- tion), .... 149 Federal Imperialism 195 -Generalissimo 195 E Feudal theory .... 181 Economic,-policr •••• 172'-3 Fiscal policy .. :. r65-172, 173-74 ~emies ••.• 170 Folk. 10, II, 21, 24 Economics .... 172-3 Forest, Master of- 19 -and government 171 G Ekara: 9 Elders 44 Gambling officer -of Piiichala 44 GatJa -their wives- 44 (repuplic) -of the council of Town- Ganges., ship Gascoignes (Hindu) Election, royal Gautama Dharma SAstra, song of- -01i etiquette between Brah -for life-time .. ~ 101J min and Slldra Pauras -- -for a longer period 40 Generalissimo (see Comman ritual of, folloWed even in der-in-chief) Moslem times _ 51 Gentlemen-usher 43 tradition of, kept on for Ghalib :zo6 failure of lines sr God :zo6 -of Plla king sr Gokartrl 21 • ~EX TO PART U. Pages 1 Pages Gopl!.la (Pala King) 51 Hermits, and Politics 109 Govardhana 77 Himalayas 194 Government Hindu Monarchy game of ····37-3S antiquity 3 central Megasthenes on- 3 despatches from .... I25 -Rigveda on- 3 --Q{ Chandragupta 12S ;137 Aitareya Br. on- 3 -on conquest 179 Hindukush (India's natural Govikartri 19 frontier) 190 Historiographer 18, 135 Govindarllja (commentator) 104, History-recording of events 18 105n, 127, 135 Govinda Simha (Guru) .... 202 past- 202, 203 Holder of reins (ministers) 18n Grama (villagc)-Sangha 65, 66; 69, 70n, 7.5 J Gramani 9,I8,20,42,IOO Imperial systems of Hindus 193 -Yaisya IS -fielrl 194 Grccks :su Imperialism, Philosophic Guild;;- grounds for 6r -thdr presence at royal federal- 195 ceremonies .... 44; 64 -its disapproval 197 -merchant 66 Gupta I98 ·-of the city merchants 76 Imports, duti~s 168 173 Gupta pt·riod .... I27 allowable 168 -ministerial designa- Industries, state tions 149 173 -inscriptions and ..-ansfcr J of land I So Ja-ron." ... o~ .... ~r- (l: .. ..a.r."")• vu. -nd go•'<'rnment of Empire in entire, 61 distrirts Sawudra- 189 Jana (Body) Gurus IJS Janaka Gymnosophists IIO Janapada-mahattara -samavaya .... H Janas (nations), Aryan-, and H1\rishena 149 Non-Arya.ns 194 Harsha (Emperor) I Janya. 25 Havill 2I Jarasandha 4,n, 195 ll~tin (king) .... ISO J ati-Sal'lgha 65,66 243 BUU>U POLITY [1"1'. u. Pages Pages Janapada (Assembly). 42.44,62 Karmantika ... . •.•• 134 -and,Asoka .... g6 Klsi-Kosala ... . 61 -4nd fresh tax 94 Klitya (lexicographer) 70 -and-Prime-Minister 8 Klityliyana (lawyer) 6g diseus&ion on- 6z,63,&; Io2, II7, 179 inner and outer bodies· of- Khlilimpur Copper-plate .... 44 president of-.... '1:)9, 100 Khliravcla . •... -3. -represented the. whole King-Vedic ; speech by- country IOI, 145 hearing of causes by- rss Janarajya 24, 194 his "incapacity" •... 139 Jeta (Prince) xs6, 57 his St'al 140 Judges-in Persia 15 his share z6s -Brahmins .... 153 his utility 186 -in Mrichcbbakalika 154 JlUaka on- -·· x8o, 184 . -his province ISS Justice disposed in the name- -4nd Prince Jeta 157 of •...... • 156 Judiciary :r:; ______x_ -~--·-· -· -foolish and "nfit II7 Kaba ··- io6n £ifts-by- .... IO Kakud 9 Kal)ika (B~vaja) 129 -when a thief Karmanta 173 ruler Kashmir 197 -and Brahmin Kaufilya IIJ, 129 -Announcement (of election) z6 (Chancellor) • ·- x6x -lis Protector of Law 23 Klllidasa and Pushyamitra's -tofollowlaw 44 letter 53, I8g -his salacy •... I 35 Kli.l)yakubja - 44, Bz.. Investiture of- 26 Jli'Dla TO PART tt. Pages I Pages King (See Rajan), Kurukshetra ~uty IZ!Kurus 30 his engagement not to be <>rbitrary- .... L -his natural vestments .... 25 Land, proprietqrship in his official dress 25, 35, 43n Law, homage to the elected- .... 36 I a.n adeya-vya vahara I -national 30 1 --and Brahmin rcpr~s.:ntative character -a.nd Coronation 52 cf-- 37 and king 35 ~ymbolic bc'l.ting of-by law 35 -and taxes .... 161 -to be protected by the Composition of new books People .... 28-29 of- · 159 vesting of sovereignty in o - Pages Pages -DanQ:lnayaka IZ6, 147 its theory of king's servi- -bhiimi 117 tude to Law 57-58 -prithivl .... 178 -written under the revolu Maha-Bharata war 6o tionary ugime -its date ...• 2061f Medhatithi, his political Mahamatras us. q8 definition of Aryll.varta IlJif; II9 Agra u6, 148 on mines .... 173 Mahlipadma 194 Mega.sthenes-mona.rchy in' India .... . 3-'619 Mahattaras .... IOS -on failure of royal lines .... 51 Mahavira .... 197 -on P~aliputra 74, 101, 102, Mahishl 16,42 103 MaQi (armlet) ...... 9• 20 Majority n8, 129 -on jurisdiction of Ministry 141 Mantra (Policy of State) .... 142 Midland and monarchy 4 Mantradharas .... 128, 129, 130 Mimlimsa 174, 187 Mantragrahas .... uS, 129, IJO Mines .... 173 Mantrin 123, 124, 126, IZ7, IJJ -taxon .... 173 g, 21, 42 Manu 163 Ministers -and gift by kings ng, uo Mantri-pa.risha.d IZZ ~ailed "kings" - n6 -9.nd Paura.-Jinapada 130 council of, their number ...• %22 Ma.ntra.-pa.rishad (Council of State) n8, 122, 132 of Finance, of Law, Home, War, Revenue, Agricul Mathurli .... 55" . ture, Justice, Religion, :Ma.urya Diplomacy .... -Briha.dratha. ~~ief emperor, opposed by minis . designations of- 126 ters 122 . . 133 -princes 125 for the ArmY ...• • Mayor of the city 71 -of Diplomacy -ofthepalaoe 131 -of Finance ...• -ofWaz, :Madbavachirya on proprie- -of mines and manufac- torship in land, 177-178 tories -·· 134 :Maha.ri.jya :z8, 193 Manava Dharma Saetra -of Revenue··- ~33· 134 age of -·· ssn -of prisons ...• - 133 its theory of divine-king- -of treasury -- 134 ship ··-SS-57 -oflaw ISS, 159 -displacement of the theory 57 • -duty of- 1,S,159 iNDEX TO PARt tt. Pages Pages --oppose Maurya emperor 122 N --origin of Hindu 2 I Nagara 62, 68, 7011 ' --Rudradaman's-, refuse to Nagala-jana (city-body pay for Sudarsa repairs 121 under Asoka) -the four chief 43 Naigama three classes of 135 -and capital 105 junior and senior 147 -and fresh tax 94 Mi.1istry 137 its separate bodies 104 -and Asoka .... 144, 145. 146 think together . io4 -and caste representa- Nanda 113 tion 148, 149 -and taxation 165 -appoints Governor and (nava) the upstart II3 other high officers 141 -Vardhana .... 196 Bharadvaja and power of- 142 Nation 61 -appoints princes, collects Nagadasaka (King of Magadha) and spends revenue, main- 50, 188 tains government, 142 Narada IIO, II2 Chamlragupta. and- 128 Niiradas .... IIO -its duty 137 Nayaka · 133, 134 its jurisdiction 141 Nagasimha .... 151 its procedure .... 138 Nechayika 101 .Mint 19 Nega.ma-coin 78 royal mint-master 79 -members for the time Mtra-VaruQ.a .... 25 being 100 Mushul-B::idshahi 197· 202 Neighbours 193 Monarch-Hindu terms 9 Niga.ma-sa bha .... 77 -sole taker of taxes 9 l\llaka.Q.tha, on proprietor- .Monarchism, proper 137 ship in land, or conquest .... 176 Monarchy, Great- 193 Nuns 170 National 6o -Territorial 6o 0 limitt•d (controlled) 137. 193 Officers, great, of State 19 Moua:;t.:ries .... 170 State-- 37 Munks .... 170 Oligarchy 65 lllutht•rland 34.36 Olympic \'ictory 14 Ill uhannna.da.n .... 206 Onkrs, \\Tittcn and oral 138, 140 Ill uha.nunadan kings Qwrlvrd>hip 37" 1 .... I9J 2 247 llttfDU tOLITY {P'l'. It. Pages p Parliament, Joint, of l'aura- jlinapada u ..'}g-8o Pagan thought •••• 209 Peshwll .... 124n Palasa •... 9· 20 Paura-Jli.napada, addresa- Pan-country sovereignty 193 ed as kings 81 Parr) a IO -and Anugrahas 93 Paricchada IJI -illld bribery by king 92 Parikshit (king of Kuru -and compensation bills 98 land) 12 members of .... 99 ; 124 -Peoples' prosperity -and Council of State .130 under 13 ~d grant of extra taxes . 90 Parishad us. 120 -and Khliiavela 90 Parisi!. ns. 141 -and Mantri-Parishad IJO Parivrikti I'} -their chiefs •..• IJl; 202 Parthians 55" -and poor-relief g8 Paura 63 -and raising of army and 88 of Ta.kshasilll 68 money 86,8'} -and Rudradaman's re pairs of the Sudarsana -and rascally ministers . water-works · ~d Samsthllnaka 91 -illld their daily business committees of •..., 10Z with king .... 95 -Court 73 inner and outer bodies of 81 executive powet of Paura. -and T.axation · ·88 of Takshasili -make or mar government 91 functions Palaka. . so, 188 general meeting of~ PlramC!lhlhya ...• zS, 193• inner and outer bodies of 'JI 1'1lagal~ l'J, 20 (courier) Registrar of--- '}2 Pashanda 76ft insult to 86 Pll.taliputra, its administra laws of xo6 tion 74 -Mukhyas and commit city magistrates of -· 74 tees 7S Nagaraka of · - 14 presidents of-aldermen of- 82 tht>ir six boards --· 74 Tishyarakshitll's letter to q6 Political Philosophy •U• 13 Paur.u."c 18 Polity Paura, Governor of Capital 134 " Introduction to Hinda ••.. Pauras ~.~ Polity' INDEX TO PART U. Pages Pages greatest constitutional- Pa.l;lditamlitya .... 123, 159 of antiquity (India) 207 Paiichiilas JO, 6o 82 greatest modern cons- Procession on Coronation .... 43 titutional-(Britain) 207 Pushyamitra (Brahmin Hindu-its longevity and King) .... 48, 53 civil <:haracter 190, 206 --and Manava Dharmasastra 54. Poor-relief 98 7on Public opinion IIJ, II4 Q Portfr.!io .... . IJ I Queen 16 Post-Abhish~ka c~rcmonies 35 -position of ...... I6, 17 Pr1ichi 4, I94· Prarlhiina .... I 23 R __ 206n I'radeshtri .... IJ4 Rasa-khan Pradviv1ika I23, I58 Rascals,-royal 47 Prad yotas .... I 96 ministers 86 Praj11 I45, I46 Ratna-havis 16 Prakrtti (as associations) .... 70 Ratnins 10, 20, 36, II.5 II8, IJI, 132 Radhagupta 120, I2Ifl, 126, I'rasl!stri .... I 33 146 Pratini Pages Pages Rashtra (Assembly) . ss s Rashtrantapala .... 134 SabM, Rashtra · ....62, 67 .composition of- 154 -mukhya 67 -in Ceylon 151 Rashtriya, or President of -ruling Rashtra IJ 1 Rat (law court) 154, 16o 3 Recluse thinkers 109 Sabhasad .... 131 Record of cases 157 Sabhya II8, IJI Re-election · II Sachiva .... 126 Reformation, of the Hindus 207 Sajata 37, 4:1 Registrar, of the J>aura 72 Sahaya · 125, 131 Registration, of documents 7:1 Salaries,-of ministers and Representative 123, '124 officers 135, 136 Republican theory 5 -of the king .... 135, 136 Republics-of North Bihar 4,n. Samahartri 18, I:z7, 134 Revenue .;~:8 Samaya 65, 66, xo6 rigidly.legal ...... •. r6r Samavllya 83 --and Council of Ministers r6:z Tirtha-, Sl!lll-, Sa,bM-, Pura · 84 Revival (Hindu) · III Janapada.-, Jana 84-103 Hindu-,its golden age · .... :zo6 Samgra1lttri 18, 2I revival of Hindu- 202 Samiti (National AsSl'mbly) Sikh- .... 202 7· IJ, 1J11, 6o, 6I, N6 Rex 3 Samprati ····. run, 125 Rishls 4711 Samrat 411, 195 Ritvik 135 sa.;.sthanaka .... 97 Rudradaman so 'samvid (enactment) 107 --elected by all varnas 52 Saflgha, Desa-, Jatl-, Kllla-, -repairs Sudarsana water- Grama-, 65, works with his own money-· 89 Paiichika- 102 -his repairs and Paura~ Jana- Samiiha, 66,69 pada 89 Sannidhlltri (Master of T tea- realizes legal taxes 89; I2I sury) r8, 127, 134 -his iniriisters refuse to pay Sarvamedha 14, 12011 for Sudarsana repairs 120 121 Savara · •.•. 175" -his ministers · 120 Sakala -- · 7011 RulerShip, highest duty · x86. Sii.kyas ·-· IIO 250 INDEX TO PART D. Pages Pages SamrJ:jya (Federal Imperial- Suda.tta, and AnathapiJ:~c.lika. ism) 4, 28, 195 156, 157 Silndhi-Vigrahika 127, 138 Sudarsana, water-works •. re- S1l.rthavaha .... ros pairs of . 89; 121 S.itavahana .... r61 Siidra 21, 25, 43 Sarva-bhr,uma 28, 193 -and constitution 21 Selcucid empire .... 190 --emperor rg6; 206 Sclcukos .... r61 member of Paura 71 Scnapati 126, 127, 133 Sukra 163, r86 Senllnt 16, 21 Sum antra (Minister of. S1mart 77 Finance) 123 Sikh polity .... 202 Sulaiman (the merchant- Sisup1ila .... 195 author) Sivaji II2, 123, 202 Sulka. Smith, V.A., 180, 181, r8z Siita (Court-ministrel) --on 'native law' of India, Svabhaga 180, r8r Sva.kosa (King's Private Soma 31 purse), of Rudradaman and Somadeva-sllri I33 Dvaipayana 99 Sovereignty, one-king and Svarajya 28,40 ont•-um brella- 194 Svavasya or Autocracy Sprinkling (abhishcchana) .... 29 arbitrary rule) 45n, 46, 47, 193n Srava~ti Svctaketu 52 Sr<'\li Svayambhii 6 -mukhyas .... 104 Sword, sacrificial 37, 113 Sn•shlhin (President of the City) 71, I05 T State 9 Takshasila ..... 125 Sthiti .... 107 Tapovanas I09 Succession-hereditary 39. 40 Taxation 32, 33 State, Tree of .... 186 PraQaya 88 -and material and moral -and mercantile class 172 prosperity .... 188 -and Paura-Janapada 88 -a trust 187 canons of- .... r6s Hindu-, civil .... 188 customs-, ~6s ulos of Hindu- divine theory of- 163 -terms excise- r6s • 2111 HINDU POLI'fY [PT. n. Pages Pages extra-, and Paura-J11napada 1)0 Asoka1s orders for I4S fresh-,-illld Naigama and every three, .five, ten years 147, ]§.napada .... 94 r.S indirect, policy of-, 173 of ministers legal-, by Rudradaman .... 89 of officers principles of- · r6s Treasurer I66 Tree of State -· 186 Sulka r6s Taxes .... g. t8 u -a.nd Brahmin 31 Ujjain 125 -a.s king's wages for pro- Under-secretaries 147 tection 97: 162 Uttarapatha .... 86 collection of x66 Usanas (politician) 122, r63 in proper place r66 Usurpation, theory of 196 in proper time and form - It>, Usurpers •... 54 -fixed by law •.•• x6x -and sacrament of corona- -onhid.es r6s tion· 54 -on imports .... ··- 168 v -on industries ·- It>, -on mines 173 Vaishnavism .... 2o6 -on produce .... · 165, I73 Vairajya 28, 40 Throne 1.5, 28 Vaisli.ll seals of .... 105 Tiger ro Varga (body) ...• '75 -skin 28 of Vasud~vaandAkrlira 75; 12.5: Treasury IS - i48 Tirthas 133 Va~ishtha, on administration Tirtha-Sa.bha-Saa-Samavi!ya 84 of estates 72 ; 122 Tishyarakshitl.... 68 Vajapeya· 14, r6, 17 -her letter to the • 7 Vlilmild 48 Pauras of ... . n · Vamadeva (political writer) Takshasila ... . 96 97:98.112 Township .... g, 18 Vartl 171,172 -leader of 9 Vllvll.tl 17 President of- 10.5 Village (corporation) J8, 37 Trade, and commerce, re vedic kingship ...• -· 6-13 presentatives of- IOJ Vena 47.48 Transfer, - -the tyrant so: s.s. 188 Uil>EX TO 1' ART ll. Pages Pages Vitihotras I96 Wines, foreign .... 168 Vice-roys I25 Wisdom, floating .... 109 -their transfet I25 Women,- at Coronation 43:44 Videha 4n Vidchas (nation) 6o y Vikrama 52 Yasaskara (king of Ka~hmir) 155 Vis (peop:c) II, 37, 6I Years, legal nad regnal 53 Visvajit .... I2on Yudhishlhira 43.64 Vrat& nn Yuvaraja (Crown Prince or Vyavaharika I34 King-Assistant) 42, 63, 81 Vyasa (lawyer) 67 abhisheka of, 81; 101, II2, 124, 125, 126, IJJ w \Var, and Peace, 127, 129. 145. z Wickra1uasinghe ISI Zeus III Wilks .... 181 Zeylanica, Epigraphia 151 253 J\BBREVJJ\TIONS Account of the Translated by ·Abbe Renaudot, Merchant Sulaiman Recorded by Abu Zaid. A., ArLbn-~itra The .Artha-~Astra of. Kau;ilya, erl. by A.§, A~ .• R. Shnrna Sastry, 1909, Mysore, Kau~iliyn, Govt. Oriental Library SerieR, Bib. Sanskrita no: 87, Its translation by Dr. Shama 8ast:ry, Dangalore, 1915, Same series, no. 3~, Part II...... - Abhidhana-Rijtondra Jaina Prakrita Kosha Ed. RuUam, 1919. Adhyaksha-prachira, Notes on that section of AS. by Dr, notes on I. J. ~. Taraporewala AggaMaB. See Digha Nikaya. Aggruifia Suttanta, Agni-Puri9a ••· Bengal Recension. Ait. Dr., Anandlilframa ed. Aitar£>ya., Aitareya Dr. · Aitareya· Brihm111;aa, AlberuQi . ••• Author of .~ lberut;ti'a India. Alberu~i's fnJia Dy Albt>ntl].i : Trans. by Sachau in two ,·olumes, (Eng. Trane.} TrUbner, 1888. • !55 RlNDU POI.ITY Altindiecl1c!! Lehen .. Dy 7.immer, Dcrlin, 1870, Amara·kosha By Amarasimba. Ed. in Trivandrum Sanskrit Eeries Nos. XXXVIIJ, XLIII, U, LU, by T. Gaq.apau Slstri . with the commentary Tiklsarvasva of Vandyagha,Iya Sarvlnanda. .Amara-simha Author of the Amarakosba. Ambs~~ha SuLta See D. N.; translation· of, iil DialoguE's of the Buddha, Vol. L Amba~~ha Suuanta... See D. N. Translation in Dialognea of the Buddha Pt. I. Anabasis By Arrian. G. P. · Gat~ a· Pii~ba of Pl\).ini. Ancient India By Me Crindle. as described by ·Classical WriteJ'S, ·or, Ancient India as dE'scribed in C1Jas;; ical . Literature . . Anguttara NiUya ••• l~d. b)• Lbe Pili.. Text Society. Anus. P. See·M. Dh. AnnslsaDa Parvnn. Apriirka •.• CommE'ntator on Yljfiavalkya-Smriti. F.d. by Hari Nlirlyana Apte, 1903. A. S. R lly Cnnnin&ham. Archoolngical SoHPJ Report • 256 ARnREVIATlONS Arrian Author of Anabasis and Indika. See Uagastbenes anJ IIA. Asahiya ... Cornmentator of Narada Smriti. luivaghoHha ... Author of Vajrasiichi Ed by Webl'r in Indische Studieu. A.V. ELl. by Whitnfy Atha;va veda ... Uommentary on the .Tripitaka, by BuLI AyoJh~A K. Rlimiiyn!J.a. AyodhyA Kiir;tda A.charliilga Sutta (a) Ed. by Jacobi, 1882. or A.y!Lrariga tb) Ed. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Sutta when not otherwise specified. ApastamLiya Ed. Georg Buhler, Bombay Sanskrit Dharma-SiHra, Series no. XLI\'. (with Uaradatta's Apustamba Db, S. commentary). Asval!Lyana Grihyn· Ed. A-naudAsramn Series, Poona. Siitra Aryndeva ••• Author of Chatus-satiki ; fragments of, in J. A. S. B. 1911. lliUu. llila KliQQil,... See Rimiya!J.a. llilama·llhuUi 'Commentary on .Mitakshara,' Chow· khambha SerieB. lll!.~ra .A utbor of Ilarshu·charita• • 257 nll!IDU POLITY Baudhiyana AnandUrama Ed. ia the Smriti Dh.S. Samuchchaya. B.1udhiyana Dbarma Sitra Bh&UadipiU Commentary on the Pllna-'Mimlm•l Darsana by KhaJ;~qndeva. Ed. by 'Mahideva Saatri and L. SrinivAsll chirya, Myaore, 1911. Bhlgavata. Bengal Recension. Bhlgavata PuriJ;~a Bhauoji Dikshita Author of Siddhllnta Kaumudi. Bloomfi.Pld ... Translator of the hymns of A. V. in S. B. E. Vol. XLTI. Br. Ar. Up. NilJ;laya..Sigara Edition. BrihadilraJ;J.ya· kopanishad ~rihaepau ... Translated by Jolly Jn SDE. voL XXXIII. l3ribaapati Sutra Ed. by Dr. F. W. Thomas (Le Muswp) pp. 131-166)'. Bt S ;-Brihat By Varibamih!ra, ed. by Kern, Asiatic Sa~pbili Society. · · · • Buddhiache Kunst in By Griinwedel ; · · Indien Buddha ... By Oldenberg. B. L-Buddhist India By Rhys Davids. • COfM._ By- Vincent A. Smith. Catalogue of Coins in the Indian lluseum • ... :_.. ~ 2~8 ABBUEHATIO!IS Chal)qPI:'ivara Author of R N Il. and V H. Cbllr;:akya Same as the author of A§., ('the son of Cha1,1aka). CLatul:'i-l:'iatikA ... By Aryatleva, Erl. Haraprasada Sl.listri (ASI3) Chullavagga Vinaya Texts, Vol. IJ, Translation of, by Oldenberg and Rhys Davids, in SBE. Vols, XVII and XX, Childers Author ot the PAii-Englisb Dictionary C A I. Coins of By Cunningham, London, 1891. AnciE'nt India Corpus Inscriptionum By Fleet for the Corpus Inscription urn. Indicorum Ur, C. I. I. III. Cunningham Author of C A I. and A. S. R. Report of the Archeological Survey of Western India, Indian Eras. Curtim1 ... See I. I. A 1 hlegastheues. Cbh. Up., Nirr;:aya-SAgara Edition. Chhiindogya Up. CLhindogya Upanishad ... · Author of the Dal:'iakumllrn Charita.· • Dal:'iakumllrncharita By Dt~r;tdiu ; Ed. with nrious readings by Narllya1,1a Bill Krisli~,~a· Godbole, (eighth Ed.) Bombay, 1917 Das RILmllyaQ.a By Dr. II. Jacobi . • ~59 HOI bt1 l'OLI'l'Y D&sabodha . ••• By Rlmadlsa ; Poona Ed. DialOgues of the By Rbys D.uids, Sacred Boob of Buddha the Buddhists, Series, 2 Parts. D N. :.:. . Pd. by the Pili Text Societr, (in Dig\ua-:Niklya tbree volumes). Diodorus ••. See I. L A , Megastbenes Divylvadlna ..• Ed. by Cowell and Neil, Cambridge. Early History of Dy Vincent A. Smilh. India .En c. Dri tt. Eleventh Ed• Eucyclopedia Bl'ittanica Ep. Jnd., EI, Epigrapbia Indica. Epigraphia Indica, Epigraphia Zeylanica Ed. by \Vickramaaingbe '(Archeological Survey, Ceylon), Epitome of By Diodorus. See Megasthenes. MegasLbenee, Flee~ ••• Author of Gupta Inscriptions. Gau~ma. A.uthor of Gautama Db, g. Gau~ma. Dh. ~. Ed. by Stenzler. Gau~ma Dhirma- &stra. • Gescbich~ des Tmns. by Scheifner. Tiranitha. • Oriel'IIOD Author of Liuguietic Survey of India. Oop\ha Brihlll&l]8... ed- Bibliotheca Indica. • :;oo_ A UllllEI"IATIONS 00\·inua Das ... fin the najpnt prnctic!'. G. P. Edited by Fleet. Gupta Inscriptions, Govind rli.ja ... Commentator on Rli.mayaJ;la. G. n. M. By Vardh~tmana; Ed. by Bhimasena, GaQa·Ratna Allahabad, 1898. Mahodadhi Griinwedel ... Author of Buddhische Kunst in Indien, translated into English by Burgess. llarsha-cbarita By BAQa. Ilaradat.ta Commflutator of Apastamba Dh. S. Herodotus By Rawlinson. History of Antiquity. In four volumes by Pro£. Max Duncker; translation of, by Abbot. History of Mysore · .. By Wilks ; 2nd. Ed. 1869. IIIL. History of... By Weber ; translated by Zachnrae. Indian Literature (Tri.ihner) Tiistory of Sankrit By Macdonell, 18!)9. LitPrntnre, Sausllrit Literature. Ind. Ant., I. A.. Indian Antiquary, I C. :-Indian By l'rof. Rapson. Coins Indikn ny Arriau. • ::?G1 HINDU I'Ol.JTY . lndische Alterthumll" By Lnseen. kundf', Ind.· Alt. I~dQ.-Aryans- By R&jendra Lall Mitra. • Indo-Aryan Races ••• Ram&pras_&d Chanda. J.-J&takas ..• Ed. by Fausbjoll, Kopenbagen, in six volumes. Journal Asiatique ..• • ••••• J. A S. R Journal -(Calcutta). of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, J.B.O.R S, . Patna, 1915 to 1924. JBORS. J. BORS. Journal of the Bihar an'd"Orissa Research Society J. R. A. 8. London. Journal of the · Royal Asiatic Society . . . Jaimini ••• Author of the Nilni!Ipsil... Darsanam. Jolly, J. ••• (a) Ed. A t1. Punjab Sanskrit SeriPs, no. 4. Voll. Lahore, 1923. (b) Ed. Nirada-Smriti. (Bib. Ind.) (c) Translation of (b) in · B B E •.Vol VII.. K. Kau~ilya, author of the A!, full name Kau~i1ya VisbJ;lugupta Kau~ilya. See At1. . • ABBREVIATIONS Kalpa Siitra ... See Traslation of, by Jacobi, 1n SBF., Vol. xnr. KP. SeeM. Dh. Knr1,1a Parva Ka~ha Upanishad ... Born. Ed. Kalidllsa Auth()r of Raghuva,imtfa, ~akuntalii and Mii.laviklignimitra. Kaman KAmanda~ iya, 'l'he NitifAra of KAmandaka with Kli.mandakiya Niti· the commentary J ayamnligala of sAra, ~mikarA1·ya, erl. by T. Ga1,1apati K N S. Sastri, Trivan,Jrum, 1912 ; Trivandrum Sanskrit Series, no. XIV. KAma·Siitra. By Viitsj ll.yana Ed. (a) Nir1,1nyasligara KAmaS., K S. (b) Chaukhambii Sanskrit Series, Benares. KUikli By Pa1,14its Vamana and Jayllditya, Ed. by Dlt.la ~a;tri, Benares, 18!)8 J(tUyliyaua Quoted by ChaQ.4etfvara, !IIitra·Mitfra and Nilaka1,1Lha. K!ity&J'nna Author of the V!irttikas. Krish1,1a D•·aip&yana Quoted in Mitlt.ksharlt.. KrishQ.a Yujurve I\&~h11ka Sarphitll Klithukn Recension of TS. Kullnkn Author of a commentary on 'Mli.uava- dharmn ~lltra • Rll'IDU POLITY LV. J.alita, vistara ••• Bib. Ind. Asiatic Society Ed. Lassen ••• Author of Indische Alterthumskunde. Levi Author of Le Nepal-in two volumes.- Life of Appollonius By Philostratus. Life of the Buddha·.. By Rockhill (TrUbner). LSI. By Grierson~ Linguistic Snrvey of lndi!l, M. and K. Authors of the Vedic Index. Macdonell and Keith Mahll-Dhirata Bengal Recension (when not specified -'0-M. Bh: otherwise), Kumbakonum (when eo specified) Edited · · by T. R. Vyislchllrya, 1908. M.G. . - - See.D. N. Vol. II. Mahi-Govinda Butta Macdonell _ Author of the History of I he Sanskrit Literatu're and the joint author of V.l M.P. 8., See D. N. Translation in SBE Vol XI. Mabiparinibbiina and Dialogues of the Buddfla, pt. Suttanta II. Mahivaggo~ •.. Ed. by Oldenberg ; Translo~tioo of, by Rhys Davids and Oldenberg 1n S. B. E. Vols. XIII. and XVJL Mahi-Bhishya. Dr Patalijali, Ed. by Kielhorn. Kielhorn. • 26J · J.BBRE\'IATIONS Ed. by the Pall Text Soci~ty. ~lajjhima· KiUya, - M V, ~lahavastu Ed. by Senart in three volumPs. :l[ad ha \'a Author of Xyii.yamalli. :\IirkaQQilya P. Bengal Edition. ~Iiirkn !)QPya Purli!)a )[. Manu Ed. by (a) J. Jolly (b) Etl. by Db § ; :Mauava; Mli!)galik. ?.Ianava, Dbarma ~listrn, ~lahavaipsa Ed. by GeigPr. • ~lii.laviklignimitra... lly Kalidii.5a. :\laitrliynJ.li, M S. Ed. by Schroder. llaitrliyaJ.li Samhitli, Me Criudle Author of I I A., Ptolemy, Ancient Iudia ns described in Classical Literature and Megasthenes. Miti!.ksharli lly Vijfiline1hara MPgnstheues Me Crindle. Ancient India n~ ?.1 iliuda-Paiiho Translated by Rhys Davids in SBK Vola XXXV and XXXVI. Author of the Commentary Virami trodaya, ou Ylijfiavalkyasmriti (unpublished)• a manuscript o{ in the po!>sessiun of Mr. Govindadlisa of Benares, author of \' ~~ n S, V M• • O(j• ' ,) Mimliipsi Dar~anam, By JaimioL with the Commentary of P Mimansi S .. barasvl.mi, (Bib. Ind.) ' Mrichchhaka~ika By ~iidraka ; Ed, by Kl.sinl.tha PllQ4· urang Parab, with the commentary of Pritbvidhara, Bombay, 1900. Modern Review Monthly, Calcutta . Monier-Williams ••• Author of the 'Sanskrit English Dictionary.' Moribue et By Tacitus Populis Germaniae. M udrl.-Rlikshasa by Vi61kha-datta. Ed. by K. T. Te1ang, Bombay• • Nlige6a Author of the Pradipodyota on Mahi.-Dbliebya.Dy Nigda (Asiatic Society} Calcufta. Nirada •• • Translated by J oily in 8. D. E. voL XXX[ II Quotations in Digest Nlmaliilglinusisana• •• Amarakosha. Nirada·Smriti Ed. by Jolly with passages from the (text.) commentary of Aaahlya (Asiatic Society) Calcutta. ... By Levi Nirukta ••• By Ylieka. • 266 Author of the Vyavahira-Mayiikha Ed. by Mandlik with English Tran slation, 1880. By Somaden (a) Ed. by Gopalanariiya~ajanata, Bombay. (b) E•l. by Nathuriirua l'remi, Bombay, 1923. Nyayamila By ~Iiirluavii.chiirya. Eil . .Anandasrama SPries. Olden berg ··· Author of Bnddha. Translated into English by William IIoey. Editor o£ Yin. Pa!icha Tantra ... Calcutta Ed . PataiiJ ali ... Author of the hlaha-Bhishya . Pargiter A nthor of the PuriiJ;~a Text, and articles in JRAS. P. B. Dictionary, Childers. Pili-English Di<'tionary ... Author of Sanskrit Grammar. Piraskara Grihya llathwa ed. with the commentaries of Sil.tra. Karka, Jayarima, etc, Lazarus, Be nares. Pradipaddyota • ·• See Kigesa. Philostratns ... Author of Life of -~ppollonius. ltlliDU POLITY Proc. A. S. B •• I ••• Procedure of Asiatic Socit'ty of Bengal, Prasna-VyikaraiJ.a· Quoted by Sbamash.astry ··in · A a . .-Siilra-Vyikh]lln'l, p. 46 F. N. · Pratllp Chandr~ Ray rranslator of M. Bh. Priyadarsi- By Rlimllvatllra ~armll, Patna, 1915 Pra8as1ayal;l P. T.-PuraJ;ta Texts By Purgiter, Odord, l9l3. of the Dynastit's of the Kali Age. or Purlir;ta Texts or Pargiter's Texts, Raghu-VaiJ!Ba By Kilidll!>a Ranade Author of Rise of the ~Inratba Power. • RN. R N R., By Cha!J. Rapson ••• Author of I. C Ed. Grundriss Sons. Rlija-Niti By Nilakat;~~ha, KUI-Sa~pslqita- Mayiikba Yantrilaya, 1880. R. Mitra. Author of "tnd0-Aryan& Raje~dra Lala Mitra, • 268 ABBREVIATIONS Commentator on R!im!iyal)a. ..• The R!im!iyal}a of V!ilmiki with the commentary (Tilaka) of Rama, ed. (a) by· K!isiniith P!il}qurang Parab Bombay ; 1888. (b) by 1\Iessrs Krishnach!irya and Vy!is!ichiirya TI!imndii8a Author of Diisabodha. Hepo'rt of the Cunningham and others. Archaeological Survey of India, Tihys Davids Author of D. I. and Dialogues of the Duddha Rise of the · Maratha By Tianade rower. Tiock Series and Pro- See Ep. Ind. Vol. II. clamations. Rockhill ... Author of the Life of Buddha. Homnntio Legend of Dy Deal (Trilhner.) ~akya Duddha. Tioth Joint Author of St. Petersburg Dictionary. ~t. V. :-~ig-vedn ... Ed. by 1\Iax Muller (with the commentary of Sayans). ~ukuntal!i •·· lly K!ilid!isa. ~ailkarirya ·The commentator•• on KNS• 2G9 fitNDU POLITY &t. Dr., Asiatic Socit>ty ed., the Tran~ d., ~Inti, See M. Bh. ~Inti P., ~ P., ~intipa.rvan S N S. Ed. by Jivlnanda Vidylslgara Snkra·Niti-Sira, Bha.\lchiryya, 18!)0 Straho ... See Ancient India as described in Classical Literature, Megastbenea. Sabhiparvan, . SeeM. Bh. SP. Slmafi.fi.aphala See Digha NiUya.Voll. Butta B B E. Ed. Max Miiller, Clarendon Press, · Sacred Books of Oxford. the East Saint Petersburg By Roth and Bohtlingk, Dictionary, St. Petersberg Dictionary. Sanskrit Grammar of Ash~idbyiyi By Pilllni, Pi~ni,l'il;tini, P. Biddblnta Kaumudi By Bha~~oji Dikshita. • 210 AllllR"I'IAT!ONS Tacitus Author of !lloribue el Populis Germaniae Tagore Lectures By K. P. Jayaswal. Taitt. Dr, Mysore ed. ~itb the Commentary of '1'. Brabmal}a, llhaHa bhAskara. T .. ittiriya Dr. Tai ttiriya. Brahm aQ.a, T. S." Mysore ed. with the commentatory of Taitliriya Sa~phita BhaHa Bbiiskara Misra. Ud. P. See M.Db. UJyoga Purvan Y ajrasiicbi By Aevaghosha. Vi:nadeva ... Quoted in hl. Bh. V. Mihira. Author of Br. S. VarAhamihira, Vardhamioa Author of Gar;n· Ratua-hlahodadhi ; Ed. by llhimasena, All aha bad, 1898. Vasishth Dh. ~. Ed. by Fuehrer. Dharm·~ilstra. Yijasaneyi-Saiphiti ... Ed. Bombay. \irttikaa On. PliQ.ini, by Kityiyana. V, :-Vitsyiyaua Author of Klima S. Ylyu 1'. l.lengal Hecension: See Pargiter's Text. \'iyu PuiiQa, r:r. • 271 n I N D U ·p 0 L l T Y I v. I. By Arthur. Anthony Mn<>dnnell and Vt•tlic Tndex Arthur Berriedale Kt-ith, London, 1912 . . Vijli.ineavara Author of Mitllkshari, Bombay Ed. Vinaya, Vin. Ed. by Oltlenberg. Vinaya Texis V. Smith, Author of C, E. I. M. and Early History Vincent A. Smith. of India, Visbl}U Puril}a, Bengal Edition. Viab:r;m P. ... Translation of, by Wilson and HalL v. lll. By Mitra Misra, Ed. by Jivinanda Vira-Mitrodaya; Vidyisllgara Bhauachiryya, 1875. · VMRN. By · Mitra Misra ; Ed. Cbaukhambi Vira-:IIitroda>:a, Sanskrit Series, 1916. Vyavabira- By Nilakal}tha Ed. by Manrlali. - Mayiikha . . Quoted by A parirka. Walsh On Kongdu administration in I A. ·190G. • • Weber Author of H.l L White Yajur-Veda, . Midbyapdina ~ikbl, Nifl}aya·Sigara ed. W. YajurVeda White yajurveda, • 272 .Ill BRE\'1.\ TION~ Yajiiav·alkya. (a) See Apariirka. (b) Ed. by Mandalik YAjii11valkya together with Engli~h translation Sturiti, (c) Ed. by Wasndev Laxman Shastri Panslkar with the com mentary :II itakshara of Vijiianesvara (2nd). Bombay 1()18. Yii.~ka ... Author of Nirukta. Yurldha K, See namaya~a. Yuddha, Yudtlha Kii~qa, Zimmer Author of Altintlische~ Leben. 273 ERRrlTA PART I Page Line Read for xxx:ii 15-20 213, 214 211, 212 18 32 24 28 . l!J 3 "Criminal'' "Crimnalr 20 31 Il 17 25 13 Similarly similary 26 21 further futher 27 3! p. 307 p. 807 30 2 people pepople 31 2!J Jfayilkha Aluyilkha 32 23 IV. 2. 47 IV. 247 33 22 be to 25 I. p. 256 p. 256 35 26 '-fif1ii'O ifi!!o 40 33 lloernle Hoerlne 41 24 ·!'Iii .!'fot' 29 KAsikA Kaska 5fl 12 eleventh century Pleven centuries r·>J- 32 -l~f 275 11111Dt1 POLI.TY Page Line Read jOf' 146 1 § 135 (11) § 135 33. Pliny Plin!l 150 32 vol. I. p. 165, p. 181 vol I. p. 181 175' 33 . (Kumb.) (Kumil) 116 4 § 180. Il It. 197 12 ~"41'\!( 'llltUt,11t" 13 11' I 'lf1lf!. llnr'lf 199 13 BrAhma-gupta Drilbma guptll 200 26 Piti 0 n• 203 3 Artlta §Ltra Artl~tzd,lra 204 5 Dat-~in Dl£!14in 15 9 92 205 2 Riidha• ll!Uba0 2!09 13 There Their 211 39 T'lk4 Tiki 212 21 with hwit 2U 2! PAt a• Piila0 215 14 0 Pati •rau 216 12 ~Padt>l§a •J>od~l§a 25 Spon• 0Spen 11 1~ ' Vi~as 36 30 .oeyt . 47 10 •r4jaa 47· 33 •Yl • 55 head· Coronation in lDg Later Times 57 34 oti 110 21 16-~6· 61 ~ 25 I-2. - ofP-:-26 62 28 •ii • 216