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Chapter 12 and 13 Review Worksheet—ANSWERS Name: ___ANSWERS________ Date: _______________________ Period: ______________________ Chapter 12 and 13 Review Worksheet—ANSWERS OGT Section Page Person, Place, Date, Description Term 12.3- 424, Charles Made the first nonstop solo flight across the 13.3 449 Lindbergh Atlantic Ocean in his plane the Spirit of St. Louis. He became a hero upon his return home, receiving a ticker tap parade and a reception form the white house. 12.1 412 Nativism Prejudice against foreign-born people 12.1 413 anarchists People who opposed any form of government 12.1 413 Bartolomeo An Italian immigrant who worked as a fish Vanzetti peddler. Vanzetti was accused of killing two men during a robbery and was sentenced to death. Many people blamed nativism for his prosecution. 12.1 413 communism An economic and political system based on a single-party government ruled by a dictatorship; classless society; based on the writings of Karl Marx. 12.1 413 Nicola Sacco An Italian immigrant who worked as a shoemaker. Sacco was accused of killing two men during a robbery and was sentenced to death. Many people blamed nativism for his prosecution. 12.1 413 Palmer Raids U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, his assistant (J. Edgar Hoover), and their agents hunted down suspected Communists, socialists, and anarchists. In doing the raids—people’s civil rights were trampled by invading private homes and offices as well as jailing suspects without legal counsel. The raids turned up no conspiracy evidence nor any explosives 12.1 413 Red Scare (First A scare that occurred in the U.S. that began in Red Scare) 1919 after several dozen bombs were mailed to government and business leaders. The scare was based on the fear that communist revolutionaries in the U.S. were attempting to overthrow the government. Communists, because of their red flag, were nicknamed the ―Reds‖ 12.1 413 Sacco and Two Italian immigrants accused of a robbery Vanzetti and the killing of two men, a factory paymaster and his guard, during robbery in South Braintree, Massachusetts. Witnesses said they saw the criminals who appeared to be Italian. The two men asserted their innocence and had alibis. The evidence against them was circumstantial. Many thought they never received a fair trial due to the prejudices that existed in the U.S.—the judge even made prejudice remarks. The men were found guilty and sentenced to death—they died in the electric chair on August 23, 1927. 12.1 413 The trial of Mistrust for immigrants and radicals—fell right Sacco and into the hands of nativists. Vanzetti came to symbolize 12.1 413 Why did He believed that a Communist revolution was Attorney imminent in the United States, and he needed General A. an issue on which to campaign for the 1920 Mitchell Palmer Democratic presidential nomination. launch a series of raids against suspected Communists? 12.1 414 “Keep America The slogan that many nativists used in their efforts for Americans” for anti-immigration legislation. 12.1 414 According to Because he was a political radical and a Vanzetti, what foreigner: were the “In all my life I have never stole, never reasons for his killed, never spilled blood . We were imprisonment? tried during a time . when there was hysteria of resentment and hate against the people of our principles, against the foreigner. I am suffering because I am a radical and indeed I am a radical; I have 2 suffered because I was an Italian and indeed I am Italian. If you could execute me two times, and if I could be reborn two other times, I would live again to do what I have done already.” 12.1 415 Bigot A person who is intolerant of any creed, race, religion, or political belief that differs from his own. 12.1 415 Election of Ku Klux Klan and Prohibition 1924, Democrats divided over what two issues? 12.1 415 Emergency Legislation that severely cut the number of Quota Act immigrants admitted to the United States— number was based on the quota system. The law also prohibited Japanese immigration. 12.1 415 Explain the During and after World War I, a feeling against reasons for and immigrants existed. As a result, Congress passed the outcome of the Emergency Quota Act in 1921. This act the Emergency severely cut the number of people admitted to the Quota Act and United States by limiting the total number of the National people admitted in any national group to only 3 Origins Act. percent of the total number already living in the United States in 1910. In 1924, the National Origins Act made restriction a permanent policy and further restricted immigration by setting the quota at 2 percent of those living in the country in 1890. It also provided that after 1927 only 150, 000 immigrants would be admitted annually, their nationalities apportioned on the basis of the 1920 census. This meant that most immigrants would be form northern and western Europe. The intention of the National Origins Act was clearly to discriminate against certain nationalities and races. 12.1 415 Ku Klux Klan Secret society opposed to African Americans, 3 Jews, Catholics, and ―foreign ideas.‖ The KKK gained new momentum during the 1920s as they reached 4.5 million ―white male person, native-born gentile citizens.‖ The Klan dominated state politics in many states but the organizations criminal activity eventually led a decrease in their power. Birth of a Nation was the first movie—it was about the KKK and portrayed them as heroes which caused membership to go up. 12.1 415 National Law that made immigration restriction a Origins Act permanent policy; Made the emergency quota act permanent and set a new maximum number—2 percent of the number of its nationals living in the United States in 1890. This discriminated against people from eastern and southern Europe since they did not come to the U.S. in large numbers until after 1890. 12.1 415 quota system System established the maximum number of people who could enter the United States from each foreign country—the number was based on the percentage of current Americans from that particular country. The goal of the quota system was to cut the number of immigrants entering the United States. 12.1 415 What was the The quota system was established to limit the quota system of number of immigrants that were allowed to enter the 1920s? the United States per year. It was established to Explain why it limit the number of immigrants that were allowed was established, to enter the United States per year. It was who it affected, established because of pressure from nativists and and several because the number of U.S. immigrants rose by results of the 600 percent in 3 years. The policy mostly affected policy. immigrants from eastern and southern Europe, particularly Roman Catholics and Jews. It did not affect Canadian and Mexican immigration. As a result of the quota system, immigration from restricted countries fell dramatically. Japanese 4 immigrants were also restricted by the quota system, adding further stress to the relationship between the United States and Japan. 12.1 415 What were the To keep America under the control of white main goals of native-born males; to get rid of other groups, the Ku Klux including Roman Catholics, Jews, and foreign- Klan at this born people, and radicals; to oppose union time? organizers; to help enforce prohibition. 12.1 415 Why did the Ku In the 1920s, many American were frightened of Klux Klan radical political thought or of anything that might flourish in the change their way of life. They resented 1920s? What immigrants for making employment more difficult does this tell for native-born Americans. The Russian you about revolution made many Americans nervous. Many people’s people resented the advances organized labor had behavior in made and saw unions as benefiting only troublesome immigrant groups and the urban working poor. times? The fact that the Ku Klux Klan flourished indicates that people seek someone to blame for situations that make them feel insecure. When seeking a scapegoat, the easiest victim is one who is different in some way from the dormant group. Fear can result in serious intolerance, and the fearful will grasp at anything that makes them feel safer. 12.1 417 Compare the Neither strike was successful: The police lost results of the their jobs, and the steel workers won nothing. Boston Police Strike and the Steel Strike of 1919. 12.1 417 Seattle General Seattle shipyard workers wanted higher wages and — N/A Strike shorter hours. When demands were not met, 35,000 shipyard workers walked off the docks and were soon joined by 110 other local unions making a grand total of some 60,000 workers. The strike ended, because of public pressure, after five days with the workers not winning any of 5 their demands. 12.1 417 Technological Job loss when occupations become obsolete — N/A Unemployment because of technological advancements that allow for less workers or actual machines doing the job(s) that humans once performed. 12.1 417 The 1919 The Boston Police Department (BPD) wanted Boston Police pay raises (had not received one since prior to Strike WWI), wanted more vacation days, and city- provided uniforms. The BPD was not permitted to unionize but when several officers were fired when they asked the city for these things—1,117 BPD officers unionized and went on strike. Massachusetts governor Calvin Coolidge intervened to quash further chaos by sending in the National Guard.
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