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Aperture Compensation for an RCA Type 6326 Vidicon Camera Tube

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Aperture Compensation for an RCA Type 6326 Vidicon Camera Tube Aperture compensation for an RCA type 6326 Vidicon camera tube Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Enloe, Louis Henry, 1933- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 14:23:36 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/319717 APERTURE COMPENSATION FOR AN RCA TYPE 6326 VIDICON CAMERA TUBE by Louis H. Enloe A Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Department of Electrical Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in the Graduate College, University of Arizona 1956 Approved ^ J Din^g£or of Thesis Date This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Request for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major depart­ ment or the dean of the Graduate College when in their judgment the proposed use of the material is in the intere&s of scholarship. In all other instances, however, per­ mission must be obtained'-from: the author. SIGNED file author wishes to thank Mro Harry Stewart j, professor In the Electrical Engineering Department3 for his technical guidance and adviee -in: the preparation of this thesis,. \ . - TABtS OF GOMTEMTS Ghaptefe ' Page IMTSODIJGTIOlif : .O O <> O' O O 6 O O O 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 © o b o o o o o o o X lo THEORY OF SCANNING © o © © o o © © o©o©o©© © ©©ooo©©©©. 3 - i:iX:oX;;'; Basic'- Elsaezits of S: TeXevisioa- 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 oooo oboooo 0 0 0 ©OOOOOO 3 102 Ra S O IXX*fc 2.0$^ o 0 0.0 ©OOOOOOOO © o o 0 0 boooooooo o 3 103 General Description of Scanning © © © © © © © 4 Xo4 Mathematical Analysis of Scanning © © © © © 4 2© RESPONSE OF A FINITE AP1RTGRE © © © © © © © © © © ©o© © 9 2© X Introduction © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 9 2©2 Mathematical Development of Aperture Response © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © & © © © 9 3» ■ APERTURE RESPONSE LIMITS RESOLUTION. © © © © © © © © 13 3 ©1 Response Of RCA Type 63 26 Yidicon © © © © © 13 3©2 Aperture and Video Amplifier Response Comparisons © © © © © oo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 13 4© PRINCIPLES OF APERTURE CORRECTION © © ©©©©©©©© 1? 4© 1 Intrcduction © © © .© © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 1Y 4©2 Phase Shift Distortion of Sharp Cutoff Filters ©©©©©©o©©©©©© © © © © © © © © © © © IS 4 ©3 Noise ©oo©©©oo©©©o©©oo©©0 0 ©oo©©©©©©©©©© IS 4© 4 Kinescope © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © ©j. 25 4©5 Overall Resolution Improvement © © © © © © © © 26 5© GHOISE OF APERTURE COMPENS ATION NETWORK © © © © 2? 5 © X Introduction © © © © © © © © © © © © © © o © © © © © © © © © © © 2.7 Chapter • ' Pag€ 5o2 Parabolic Response Function , s 0 =. o»»o o»6 30 5»3 Aperture- Compensation Circuit ooeoo-oooo 32 6o EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 0»=»=o=c=»o0=»oo==A»o 37 6ol Introduction oooooooobooaoooooooooooooo 37 6 o 2 Equipment ooooooopooooooooooooOoooooooo 37 6*3 Television System Operation *******,:*** - 39 o o A Dat a Taking 0*000*000 ooo****** *oo * * * o * * i$-0 7» EXPERIMENTAL .RESULTS * * * * * * * * * *.* *** ** ****=.* * * 42 7*1 Introduction 00*00*000 0000000* 00*0-0000* . 42 7 *2 Oscillograms o * o * * o * o o o o o © * o * * * o * o o o o o * 42■ 7*3 Response Curves of the Compensated Aperture 0 *0 *000000*00**000*0*0*00©©000 44 7o4 Discussion of Errors ** s ,*.•«« * ** *»** *« 44 7* 5 Conclusion * * * o-o * * © * * o * o * * * © o o *. © * * © 0 © © o 45 ' APPENDIX Development of Transfer Function of. Output Stage of Compensation Circuit © ©^ 4$ 1 : INTRODUCTION Closed loop television systems have become of in­ creasing importance .during the past ■ few; years; .-/Many.^ processes in industry, which cannot be directly observed because of dangerous environmental conditions, can be ob­ served by a television.system. There are-also many cir­ cumstances.in which one person can simultaneously observe- multitude of scattered 'events by means of a. television net worko Television-proves to. be a very practical and useful solution to many such commercial and military'problems„ The purpose of television is to provide the viewer with an accurate visual representation of some event! The desired quality of the image, of course, depends upon the individual circumstance. "The resolving powers of modern closed loop television systems are mainly limit­ ed by the finite size of .the electron beam in the camera tubeo The electron beam forms part of the: electrode-"u : optical transducer and has-rigid requirements placed" . upon the total current in its beam.- Practical consider-, -ations place a, limit upon the current densities .andh 1 thus the cross sectional area of the beam. The. effect of the finite size of the cross sectional area, iso to - reduce horizontal resolution. This is generally. referred to as the. wap@rturimg effe.ct”. of the electro® - beamo B r o Pierr® Mertz and Dr0 Frank- Gray ^ have made a study ®f the theory of scanning from which it is possible to - show that the effect of a finite scanning aperture can b© replaced by a point aperture in series with a low pass electrical filter0 This suggests that an amplifier with a nonlinear frequency response might -be incorporated into the video channel which would . compensate for.the aperturing effecto A significant increase in resolution should: be possible providing the signal-=t@=n©ise .ratio, is sufficiently higho . The object of this thesis is threepfold: \ 'lo 'T© derive'an .expression for the response of the equivalent low.pass filter representing the aperturing' • effect of;the finite electron beam of an RCA ^ type . 6326 'Vidieon;camera tubeo 2 o' To analyse a network that provides compensation for the aperturing effect* ■ • 3-o ;. To investigate experimentally the improvement - in horizontal resolution^ .■ 1 - Pierre- Herts ' and Frank Gray 3 ifA Theory of Scanning, and Its Relation to the Characteristics of the Transmitted Signal in Telephotography ' and Television w Bell.System . Technical Journal,, July.g 1934o - ■ . 2 Radio Corporation of America0 '• ’ . ■ THEORY OF SCANNING .(lol) Basie Elements of a Television . The basic function of a television system is to transmit a succession of images:by electrical means in, such a manner that they may be reproduced.for.view­ ing by a distant observer0 A television system consists ©f three basic elementsp -The - first element is an electro^optical transducer which transforms optical information obtained by-a lens arrangement into e!ee= ' trical information^ The second element consists of...the communication channel which is used for the trans" mission of the information to the receiving stationo : The third element is an el@etro=>optieal transducer which donverts the electrical information into an optical image 0 ' . £l02 l Resolution - The subject of resolution will arise many times in this thesis and a thorough understanding of it is necessaryo. The degree to which the. image at the receiving station resembles^the original image at the- sending station depends upon. the quality of the electron-optical transducers and transmission channelo The defining - ability of a television system is measured by a quantity called "resolution”o Resolution in television is expressed in terms of a certain number of lines dis­ criminated on.a test chart = For a. number of lines' H ■ ' (.normally? . alternately black and white) the'-width of each line is 1/N times the picture height „ Rote tha.t the number, of- lines N is defined in terms of the image ■ : heighto Because the aspect ratio is 4/3 5 the width of each . line is also 3/4 N.. times the picture width» (io^) - General Description of Scanning ' 1 Television uses much the same' method for displaying .. - . ' the continuous motion of an image as does a moving ' . picture projector* Hamely, a succession of Vstill” images is displayed in rapid succession, which gives the illusion of continuous motion* The process consists of moving an exploring aperture over the image to be transmitted in a periodically repeated path covering the entire image area* The exploring aperture is associated with an'electro-optical transducer that . generates an electrical signal of magnitude proportional to the brightness of the picture element being explored* The electrical signal is then transmitted over a. transmission channel to an optical-electrical transducer which moves .in perfect synchronization with the first transducer and thus reproduces the original image* (I#4) Mathematical Analysis of Scanning • Let the brightness variation of the original image 'be represented by the ,function .Bf:J '.where X arid T are respectively, the horizontal vertical ..coordinateso 45ia@@ the image is seanned in a fashion3 the brightness yariation may b e' by a Fourier' serieso ^ Thuss ' for a line J. 1 . oo •BrrrkX k - o Ak'cos ( — * ek 1 ^oo ' - . j2irkX V 2 1 1 ^ - \ exP ' n w . ■ 0 - X — 1 61 where $ K s= a partiemlar harmonic ©f the . =ooeffiieient of kth .harmonic ly m ,-npmber-of horizontal scanning lines . , 1 = particular scanning being investigated - • W;. : = image width . ' : - . r . ' 0^ =p M s e angle of kth harmonie • ; V - 1 .George Eo ■ Anner9 '^Elements of Television Systems^ .PrentiSja=Ball.9: . Jnc»g:. Hew' Yorks 1551 ' • . ; ' woili' also be a Fourier series® This would'allow'the explicit representation of the two dimensioEal brightness. variation=' However g in. this . investigationa only the variation in the horizontal direction need be .studiedo The image which will be ; analyzed consists of a ystripw one ’scanning- line wide and 525'Sdanhing line'letigths Ibngd:.
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