Jemen – the Proxy War
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H-Diplo Roundtable, Vol. XV, No. 6
2013 Roundtable Editors: Thomas Maddux and Diane H-Diplo Labrosse Roundtable Web/Production Editor: George Fujii H-Diplo Roundtable Review www.h-net.org/~diplo/roundtables Commissioned for H-Diplo by Thomas Maddux Volume XV, No. 6 (2013) 7 October 2013 Introduction by Fred H. Lawson Jesse Ferris. Nasser’s Gamble: How Intervention in Yemen Caused the Six-Day War and the Decline of Egyptian Power. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2013. ISBN: 9780691155142 (cloth, $45.00/£30.95). Stable URL: http://www.h-net.org/~diplo/roundtables/PDF/Roundtable-XV-6.pdf Contents Introduction by Fred H. Lawson, Mills College ......................................................................... 2 Review by J.E. Peterson, Tucson, Arizona ................................................................................. 4 Review by Yaacov Ro’i, Tel-Aviv University .............................................................................. 6 Review by Salim Yaqub, University of California, Santa Barbara ............................................. 9 Author’s Response by Jesse Ferris, Israel Democracy Institute.............................................. 12 Copyright © 2013 H-Net: Humanities and Social Sciences Online. H-Net permits the redistribution and reprinting of this work for non-profit, educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the author(s), web location, date of publication, H-Diplo, and H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. For other uses, contact the H-Diplo editorial staff at [email protected]. H-Diplo -
Iran's Proxy War in Yemen
ISBN 978-9934-564-68-0 IRAN’S PROXY WAR IN YEMEN: THE INFORMATION WARFARE LANDSCAPE Published by the NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence ISBN: 978-9934-564-68-0 Authors: Dr. Can Kasapoglu, Mariam Fekry Content Editor: Anna Reynolds Project manager: Giorgio Bertolin Design: Kārlis Ulmanis Riga, January 2020 NATO StratCom COE 11b Kalnciema iela Riga LV-1048, Latvia www.stratcomcoe.org Facebook/Twitter: @stratcomcoe This report draws on source material that was available by September 2019. This publication does not represent the opinions or policies of NATO or NATO StratCom COE. © All rights reserved by the NATO StratCom COE. Reports may not be copied, reproduced, distributed or publicly displayed without reference to the NATO StratCom COE. The views expressed here do not represent the views of NATO. Contents Executive summary ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 Introduction and geopolitical context . ������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 Military-strategic background ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5 Iranian & iran-backed political warfare and information activities 10 Analysis of information operations and conclusions ����������������������������������������������������������� 14 Linguistic assessment of Houthi information activities vis-à-vis kinetic actions on the ground �������������� 14 Assessment of pro-Iranian -
The War in Yemen: 2011-2018: the Elusive Road to Peace
Working Paper 18-1 By Sonal Marwah and Tom Clark The War in Yemen: 2011-2018 The elusive road to peace November 2018 The War in Yemen: 2011-2018 The elusive road to peace By Sonal Marwah and Tom Clark Working Paper 18-1 Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publications Data The War in Yemen: 2011-2018: The elusive road to peace ISBN 978-1-927802-24-3 © 2018 Project Ploughshares First published November 2018 Please direct enquires to: Project Ploughshares 140 Westmount Road North Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G6 Canada Telephone: 519-888-6541 Email: [email protected] Editing: Wendy Stocker Design and layout: Tasneem Jamal Table of Contents Glossary of Terms i List of Figures ii Acronyms and Abbreviations iii Acknowledgements v Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Background 4 Participants in the Conflict 6 Major local actors 6 Foreign and regional actors 7 Major arms suppliers 7 Summary of the Conflict (2011-2018) 8 Civil strife breaks out (January 2011 to March 2015) 8 The internationalization of conflict (2015) 10 An influx of weapons and more human-rights abuses (2016) 10 A humanitarian catastrophe (2017- June 2018) 13 The Scale of the Forgotten War 16 Battle-related deaths 17 Forcibly displaced persons 17 Conflict and food insecurity 22 Infrastructural collapse 23 Arming Saudi Arabia 24 Prospects for Peace 26 Regulation of Arms Exports 30 The Path Ahead and the UN 32 Conclusion 33 Authors 34 Endnotes 35 Photo Credits 41 Glossary of Terms Arms Trade Treaty: A multilateral treaty, which entered into force in December 2014, that establishes -
Downloads/Codebook.Pdf
Distribution Agreement In presenting this thesis or dissertation as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from Emory University, I hereby grant to Emory University and its agents the non-exclusive license to archive, make accessible, and display my thesis or dissertation in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known, including display on the world wide web. I understand that I may select some access restrictions as part of the online submission of this thesis or dissertation. I retain all ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis or dissertation. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. Signature: ||||||||||||||| |||||| Goran Pei´c Date Civilian Defense Forces, Tribal Groups, and Counterinsurgency Outcomes By Goran Pei´c Doctor of Philosophy Political Science ||||||||||||||| Dan Reiter Advisor ||||||||||||||| Clifford Carrubba Committee Member ||||||||||||||| Kyle Beardsley Committee Member Accepted: ||||||||||||||| Lisa A. Tedesco, Ph.D. Dean of the James T. Laney School of Graduate Studies |||||| Date Civilian Defense Forces, Tribal Groups, and Counterinsurgency Outcomes By Goran Pei´c M.A., Villanova University, 2006 Advisor: Dan Reiter, Ph.D. An abstract of a dissertation submitted to the faculty of the James T. Laney School of Graduate Studies of Emory University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science 2013 ABSTRACT Civilian Defense Forces, Tribal Groups, and Counterinsurgency Outcomes By Goran Pei´c How do states maintain their authority given that even weak non-state groups are now capable of challenging states by resorting to irregular warfare? In Part I of the dissertation, I propose that one of the ways in which states pursue internal se- curity is by recruiting civilians into lightly armed self-defense units referred to as civilian defense forces (CDFs). -
Defending Damascus, Betraying Beirut: Hezbollah's Communication
Defending Damascus, Betraying Beirut: Hezbollah’s Communication Strategies in the Syrian Civil War Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with research distinction in International Studies in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Maxwell Scurlock The Ohio State University April 2017 Project Advisor: Professor Jeffrey Lewis, International Studies Table of Contents Part 1 – Background Information and Historical Context Introduction – 1 1. Historical and Contextual Background – 6 a. Shi‘ism in Historical Context – 9 b. French Mandatory Period, 1920-1945 – 10 c. Independence to Black September, 1945-1970 – 14 d. The Early Years of the Lebanese Civil War and the Emergence of Hezbollah, 1970-1982 – 17 e. Hezbollah’s Formation – 21 f. Hezbollah’s Early Ideological Framework – 23 g. Syrian and Israeli Occupations of Lebanon, 1982-2005 – 24 h. Political Turmoil, 2006 Lebanon War, and 2008 Lebanese Political Crisis – 29 i. Hezbollah’s 2009 Manifesto – 31 j. The Syrian Civil War – 32 k. Sunni Islamists in Lebanon and Syria – 34 l. Lebanese Christians – 37 Part 2 – Analysis of Hezbollah’s Communications 2. Theoretical Approach to Hezbollah’s Communications – 40 3. Hezbollah in Syria – 44 a. Hezbollah’s Participation in Syria – April 30th, 2013 – 44 b. The Campaign for al-Qusayr, Part One – May 9th, 2013 – 48 c. The Campaign for al-Qusayr, Part Two – May 25th, 2013 – 50 4. Hezbollah’s Responses to Terrorism – 54 a. An Attack in al-Dahieh – August 16th, 2013 – 54 b. The Bombing of Iran’s Embassy – November 19th, 2013 – 56 5. Further Crises – 62 a. The Assassination of Hezbollah Commander Hassan al-Laqqis – December 3rd, 2013 – 62 b. -
Anatomy of a Civil War
Revised Pages Anatomy of a Civil War Anatomy of a Civil War demonstrates the destructive nature of war, rang- ing from the physical destruction to a range of psychosocial problems to the detrimental effects on the environment. Despite such horrific aspects of war, evidence suggests that civil war is likely to generate multilayered outcomes. To examine the transformative aspects of civil war, Mehmet Gurses draws on an original survey conducted in Turkey, where a Kurdish armed group, the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), has been waging an intermittent insurgency for Kurdish self- rule since 1984. Findings from a probability sample of 2,100 individuals randomly selected from three major Kurdish- populated provinces in the eastern part of Turkey, coupled with insights from face-to- face in- depth inter- views with dozens of individuals affected by violence, provide evidence for the multifaceted nature of exposure to violence during civil war. Just as the destructive nature of war manifests itself in various forms and shapes, wartime experiences can engender positive attitudes toward women, create a culture of political activism, and develop secular values at the individual level. Nonetheless, changes in gender relations and the rise of a secular political culture appear to be primarily shaped by wartime experiences interacting with insurgent ideology. Mehmet Gurses is Associate Professor of Political Science at Florida Atlantic University. Revised Pages Revised Pages ANATOMY OF A CIVIL WAR Sociopolitical Impacts of the Kurdish Conflict in Turkey Mehmet Gurses University of Michigan Press Ann Arbor Revised Pages Copyright © 2018 by Mehmet Gurses All rights reserved This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. -
The International History of the Yemen Civil War, 1962-1968
The International History of the Yemen Civil War, 1962-1968 The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Orkaby, Asher Aviad. 2014. The International History of the Yemen Civil War, 1962-1968. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12269828 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The International History of the Yemen Civil War, 1962-1968 A dissertation presented by Asher Aviad Orkaby to The Committee on Middle Eastern Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History and Middle Eastern Studies Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts April 2014 © 2014 Asher Aviad Orkaby All rights reserved. III Dissertation Advisor: Roger Owen Author: Asher Aviad Orkaby The International History of the Yemen Civil War, 1962-68 Abstract The deposition of Imam Muhammad al-Badr in September 1962 was the culmination of a Yemeni nationalist movement that began in the 1940s with numerous failed attempts to overthrow the traditional religious legal order. Prior to 1962, both the USSR and Egypt had been cultivating alliances with al-Badr in an effort to secure their strategic interests in South Arabia. In the days following the 1962 coup d'état, Abdullah Sallal and his cohort of Yemeni officers established a republic and concealed the fate of al- Badr who had survived an assault on his Sana’a palace and whose supporters had already begun organizing a tribal coalition against the republic. -
Politics, Governance, and Reconstruction in Yemen January 2018 Contents
POMEPS STUDIES 29 Politics, Governance, and Reconstruction in Yemen January 2018 Contents Introduction . .. 3 Collapse of the Houthi-Saleh alliance and the future of Yemen’s war . 9 April Longley Alley, International Crisis Group In Yemen, 2018 looks like it will be another grim year . 15 Peter Salisbury, Chatham House Middle East and North Africa Programme Popular revolution advances towards state building in Southern Yemen . 17 Susanne Dahlgren, University of Tampere/National University of Singapore Sunni Islamist dynamics in context of war: What happened to al-Islah and the Salafis? . 23 Laurent Bonnefoy, Sciences Po/CERI Impact of the Yemen war on militant jihad . 27 Elisabeth Kendall, Pembroke College, University of Oxford Endgames for Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates in Yemen . 31 Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy Yemen’s war as seen from the local level . 34 Marie-Christine Heinze, Center for Applied Research in Partnership with the Orient (CARPO) and Hafez Albukari, Yemen Polling Center (YPC) Yemen’s education system at a tipping point: Youth between their future and present survival . 39 Mareike Transfeld, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Graduate School of Muslim Cultures and Societies Gasping for hope: Yemeni youth struggle for their future . 43 Ala Qasem, Resonate! Yemen Supporting and failing Yemen’s transition: Critical perspectives on development agencies . 46 Ala’a Jarban, Concordia University The rise and fall and necessity of Yemen’s youth movements . 51 Silvana Toska, Davidson College A diaspora denied: Impediments to Yemeni mobilization for relief and reconstruction at home . 55 Dana M. Moss, University of Pittsburgh War and De-Development . -
ISIS in Yemen: Redoubt Or Remnant? Challenges and Options for Dealing with a Jihadist Threat in a Conflict Environment
JOURNAL OF SOUTH ASIAN AND MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES ISIS in Yemen: Redoubt or Remnant? Challenges and Options for Dealing with a Jihadist Threat in a Conflict Environment by NORMAN CIGAR Abstract: The emergence of ISIS has represented a significant security risk to U.S. interests and to regional states. In Yemen, the ISIS threat has evolved within Occasional Paper #1 the country’s devastating civil war and, while its lethality has declined, this study Villanova University suggests it remains a factor of concern, Villanova, PA and assesses the challenges and options available for the US and for the November 2020 international community for dealing with this threat. ISIS in Yemen: Redoubt or Remnant? Challenges and Options for Dealing with a Jihadist Threat in a Conflict Environment by Norman Cigar “The fight against terrorism is far from over” Leon E. Panetta, Former Director CIA, 25 August 20191 Introduction and Terms of Reference Even in its short history, the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has posed a significant security challenge both to U.S. interests and to regional states. As the ISIS Caliphate disintegrated recently in its heartland of Iraq and Syria under a succession of blows by its international and local adversaries, the focus of the international community often shifted to ISIS’s outlying branches. However, contrary to early optimism, ISIS has proved a stubborn survivor even in its Iraq-Syria core, while its presence in branches or affiliates in areas such as the Sinai, the Sahara, West Africa, Mozambique, Yemen, and Khurasan (Afghanistan/Pakistan) also continues to be a significant security threat to local and international interests.2 Moreover, each theater of operations presents a unique set of characteristics, complicating the fight against such local ISIS branches. -
Yemeni Civil War: Causes, Consequences and Prospects
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Jurnal Universitas Abdurrab Jurnal Dinamika Pemerintahan Vol.2, No. 2 (Agustus 2019) Hal. 82-91 YEMENI CIVIL WAR: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND PROSPECTS Niaz Ahmed PhD Scholar, Centre for West Asian Studies Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India [email protected] Abstract Yemeni conflict reflects the failure of the Yemeni government to address the common needs to its citizen, the uprising of politically marginalized Houthis and the corrupt state, which bring the country into civil war. This article is an attempt to know the causes, consequences, and the role of foreign powers and also the entire situation of Yemeni civil war. Yemen is the poorest Arab country in the world. Due to the effect of the Arab Socialist Movement, Yemen’s Imamate ruling system disintegrated in 1970 and the country divided into two nations, North Yemen and South Yemen. Again in 1990 under the leadership of Ali Abdullah Saleh, both have been united into one nation. The corrupt rule of government, the unhealthy treatment of Houthi minority and the internal conflict made the country more unstable. Political transition happed in 2011 for the stabilization of the country, but it fails to bring peace and finally in 2015 Yemen faces a devastating civil war. Different attempts have been taken by the international community for normalizing the conflict, but all fail to bring peace. The country is suffering the worst humanitarian crisis. Saudi Arabia and Iran is the main player in the conflict. This qualitative study will try to highlight the different scenario of Yemen and also provide an overview of the civil conflict. -
MUNUC XXIX UN Security Council Background Guide
UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL MUNUC XXIX Topic A: The Situation in Burundi Topic B: The Situation in Yemen LETTER FROM THE CO-EXECUTIVE Dear delegates, Welcome to the United Nations Security Council! My name is Helen, and I’m your Co-Executive. Over the course of this conference, you will be engaging with a complex current conflict with serious implications for the international community. To introduce myself, I’m a third-year undergraduate student at the University of Chicago. I’m majoring in in Public Policy with a specialization in Education Policy. Outside of class, I tutor students in local Chicago schools and work in the UChicago Admissions Office as a tour guide. I first became involved in Model UN in my Seattle-area high school, when my first conferences as a delegate gave me incredibly eye-opening experiences that have continued to influence me in my time here at UChicago. Outside of classes and MUNUC, I am also involved with our collegiate competitive Model UN team as well as ChoMUN (our collegiate MUN conference). This will be my third year in MUNUC and second year as an executive, as I chaired our Interpol committee last year. I’m very excited to be Co-Executive of the Security Council this year, and look forward to meeting you all. The Security Council is charged with maintaining international peace and security. To carry out this responsibility, it is the only UN body authorized to impose sanctions or deploy peacekeeping forces. Of its 15 delegates, 5 will have veto power, making the diplomatic process in this committee particularly complex. -
Ypcpublications Youth-Activism-In
© 2019 Yemen Polling Center. All rights reserved. 2nd Floor, In front of the CBY - Taiz BranCh, Jamal St., Taiz, Yemen Phone: 00967-4-283764 Fax: 00967-4-283765 Email: [email protected] www.yemenpolling.org Youth Activism in the Yemeni Civil War Internet Mitigates EffeCts of ViolenCe as LoCal Factors Shape ACtivism SCene Mareike Transfeld February 2019 Contents The Yemen Polling Center ................................................................................... 1 Author ................................................................................................................ 2 Acknowledgement ............................................................................................. 3 Abbreviations ..................................................................................................... 4 Graphs ............................................................................................................... 4 Main Findings ..................................................................................................... 5 Report Objectives ............................................................................................... 6 Legacy of the Yemeni Revolt ............................................................................... 7 Local Dynamics Take Centre Stage .................................................................... 11 Graph 1: What is your position within your community? ........................ 14 Graph 2: Which group of people do you think is the most important group to