Identification of Gaps and New/Modified Regulations Within the Existing Regulatory Framework
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Project no.: 314680 (Call: FP7-AAT-2012-RTD-1) ULTRA Unmanned Aerial Systems in European Airspace Thematic Priority: AAT.2012.7-25. Assessment of the potential insertion of unmanned aerial system in the air transport system Instrument: Coordination and Support Actions (CSA) D1.1 – Identification of gaps and new/modified regulations within the existing regulatory framework Due date of deliverable: 30/11/2012 Actual submission date: 21/12/2012 (version 1.0) Start date of project: 01/06/2012 Project duration: 18 months Leader organisation of this deliverable: Indra Revision status: Final Approval status Author Verification Authority Project Approval INDRA INDRA INDRA Daniel Cobo-Vuilleumier Pedro Andrés Daniel Cobo-Vuilleumier ULTRA WP1 Leader ULTRA PQC ULTRA Coordinator (TPC) 18/11/2013 (version 3.0) 19/11/2013 (version 3.0) 19/11/2013 (version 3.0) Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013) Dissemination Level PU Public X PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) D1.1 – Identification of gaps and Title: new/modified regulations required within the existing regulatory framework Unmanned Aerial Systems Date: 19/11/2013 in European Airspace ULTRA-WP1-INDRA-D1.1- Document ID: REG_GAPS-PU-v3.0b Revision: Final Contributing Partners Company Name INDRA Daniel Cobo-Vuilleumier ONE Claude Le Tallec INT Gilles Fartek DFS Andreas Udovic HON Artur Zolich NLR Jan-Floris Boer Distribution List Company Name Company Name EC Pablo Pérez-Illana CRAN Gordon Dickman INDRA Daniel Cobo-Vuilleumier DFS Andreas Udovic INDRA Javier Caina DFS Jürgen Vielhauer INDRA Pedro Andrés HON Artur Zolich INDRA Antonio Barbero HON Tomas Kabrt A2Tech Jarno Puff INT Gilles Fartek AST Alfredo Roma INT Christian Scheel Struwe AST Anna Masutti NLR Jan-Floris Boer B&C Peter van Blyenburgh NLR Henk Hesselink BRTE David Esteban-Campillo ONERA Claude Le Tallec BRTE Eduardo Carrillo TAS-F Alexandra Ubeda-Farre CRAN Robert Jones TAS-F Erwan Le-Ho Document Change Log Edition Modified Revision Author Comments Date Sections / Pages 0.1 01/06/2012 Indra / Daniel Cobo-Vuilleumier All Creation of the document. 1.0 20/12/2012 Indra / Daniel Cobo-Vuilleumier All Final version of the document. Sec 1.5 Addition of last page “legal notice” as 1.1 Sec. 2.2.2.2.2 requested by the EC. (renumber 16/01/2013 Indra / Daniel Cobo-Vuilleumier Sec. 2.2.3.2.2 Sec. 2.5.3.2.5 Addition of reference to Italian draft ed as 2.0) Last page regulation on RPAS. Inclusion of EUROCONTROL feedback 3.0 18/11/2013 Indra / Daniel Cobo-Vuilleumier All and other updates. - 1 - PUBLIC This project has been carried out under a contract awarded by the European Commission No part of this report may be used, reproduced and/or disclosed in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the ULTRA project partners. © 2012 – All rights reserved D1.1 – Identification of gaps and Title: new/modified regulations required within the existing regulatory framework Unmanned Aerial Systems Date: 19/11/2013 in European Airspace ULTRA-WP1-INDRA-D1.1- Document ID: REG_GAPS-PU-v3.0b Revision: Final Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 9 1.1. Project Objectives ........................................................................................................... 9 1.2. Background ................................................................................................................... 10 1.3. Purpose of the Document ............................................................................................. 12 1.4. Document Structure ...................................................................................................... 12 1.5. References ..................................................................................................................... 12 1.6. Glossary ......................................................................................................................... 19 2. REGULATORY AND STANDARDIZATION FRAMEWORK FOR AVIATION SAFETY AND ITS APPLICATION TO (LIGHT) RPAS .................................................... 24 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 24 2.2. Safety in the Aviation System ...................................................................................... 25 2.2.1. Aviation Safety ........................................................................................................................... 25 2.2.1.1. The concept of Aviation Safety ................................................................................................................. 25 2.2.1.2. The Equivalent Level of Safety (ELoS) principle ...................................................................................... 26 2.2.1.3. The Aviation Safety Pillars and the Total System Approach .................................................................... 27 2.2.2. Aviation Safety Regulatory and Standardization Frameworks ..................................................... 28 2.2.2.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 28 2.2.2.2. Civil Frameworks ...................................................................................................................................... 29 2.2.2.3. Military Frameworks .................................................................................................................................. 46 2.2.3. Identification of the applicable aviation safety regulations and standards for aircraft operation ... 49 2.2.3.1. Operational Scenarios .............................................................................................................................. 49 2.2.3.2. Aircraft Categorization .............................................................................................................................. 52 2.3. Airworthiness ................................................................................................................ 58 2.3.1. Introduction................................................................................................................................. 58 2.3.1.1. The Airworthiness concept ....................................................................................................................... 58 2.3.2. Initial Airworthiness ..................................................................................................................... 59 2.3.2.1. Airworthiness Certification ........................................................................................................................ 59 2.3.2.2. Safety Assessment and Safety Objectives (“1309 issue”) ....................................................................... 71 2.3.2.3. Approval of Design and Production Organizations ................................................................................... 82 2.3.3. Continuing Airworthiness ............................................................................................................ 85 2.3.3.1. Continuing Airworthiness Organizations ................................................................................................... 85 2.3.3.2. Maintenance Personnel ............................................................................................................................ 87 2.4. Flight Crew Licensing and Training............................................................................. 88 2.4.1. Introduction................................................................................................................................. 88 - 3 - PUBLIC This project has been carried out under a contract awarded by the European Commission No part of this report may be used, reproduced and/or disclosed in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the ULTRA project partners. © 2012 – All rights reserved D1.1 – Identification of gaps and Title: new/modified regulations required within the existing regulatory framework Unmanned Aerial Systems Date: 19/11/2013 in European Airspace Document ID: ULTRA-WP1-INDRA-D1.1-REG_GAPS-PU- v3.0b Revision: Final 2.4.2. Regulatory frameworks and initiatives ........................................................................................ 88 2.4.2.1. Civil domain ...............................................................................................................................................88 2.4.2.2. Military domain ..........................................................................................................................................99 2.5. Operations, Operators, Use of Airspace and Launch & Recovery ......................... 101 2.5.1. RPAS specific types of operation.............................................................................................. 101 2.5.1.1. Very Low Level (VLL) Operations ...........................................................................................................102 2.5.1.2. RPAS operations in VFR or IFR (BVLOS above VLL) ............................................................................104