Making a Splash Seaplanes Stage a Comeback

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www.aerosociety.com February 2018 Volume 45 Number 2

MAKING A SPLASH SEAPLANES STAGE A COMEBACK

February 2018

Royal Aeronautical Society NORTH KOREA’S MISSILE THREAT OMAN AIR AT THE CROSSROADS SHOULD DRONE PILOTS GET MEDALS? Have you renewed your membership subscription for 2018? Your membership subscription was due on 1 January 2018 and any unpaid memberships will lapse on 31 March 2018

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Thank you for renewing your membership! With your support, the Royal Aeronautical Society remains the world’s foremost professional institution dedicated to the entire aerospace and aviation industry. Quest Volume 45 Number 2 Making a splash MoD February 2018 Seaplanes make Eyes on the prize a comeback with Should RAF the introduction of Reaper UAV pilots new designs and 22 14 get medals? An applications. academic argues for recognition. Contents Correspondence on all aerospace matters is welcome at: The Editor, AEROSPACE, No.4 Hamilton Place, London W1J 7BQ, UK [email protected] Comment Regulars 4 Radome 12 Transmission The latest aviation and Your letters, emails, tweets aeronautical intelligence, and feedback. analysis and comment. 58 The Last Word Snowballing disruption 10 Antenna Keith Hayward considers the Howard Wheeldon on the UK likely impact on aerospace defence budget squeeze. of the UK Government’s new Like it or not, the winter months bring regular headlines – with one category Industrial Strategy. being ‘airport chaos’. The seasonal travel rush around Christmas, combined . with colder weather, snow and ice, means that airports regularly grind to a halt. Features In the UK, light snow conspired to have larger than expected knock-on effects North Korean media state BAE Systems at London Heathrow while, in early January, a super-blizzard brought JFK to a standstill. While some would argue that comparing LHR, JFK and large carriers against much smaller airports (and airlines) in places like Norway and Canada (where heavy snow and ice are common) is unfair – two observations 18 30 need can be made. First, is that both JFK and LHR are airports where there is little to no slack in their operational capacity. Running flat-out, it is therefore no surprise that minor snags and delays can quickly snowball and cause issues to get worse, leaving airports and airlines scrambling to catch up. Second, Rocket nation Inside F-35B flight test is that training and staff culture is critical. Most passengers will understand North Korea’s increasingly Behind the scenes with a ambitious missile and nuclear RAF test pilot for the first that their flight could be delayed, if they look outside the terminal windows weapons programmes. F-35B/QEC carrier trials . and see a blizzard is raging. However, what they are less likely to tolerate 34 Oman Air – small but is being kept in the dark, or at worst, ignored by ground staff, cabin crew or beautiful pilots who are equally frustrated. Honest, proactive communication is thus 21 Look East Martin Cartledge reports on key – as well as empowering junior staff to solve problems, use their initiative A preview of the 2018 this small Gulf flag carrier in Singapore Air Show. a time of change. and bring what cheer they can. While one of these issues (capacity crunch) is

a deep structural challenge that requires investment and time, the second is Paul Beaver

fairly straightforward. Treat delays as an opportunity to win over tired, grumpy Rolls-Royce passengers – not as self-loading freight that are best kept in the dark, quietly ignored or left for the next shift. 26

Tim Robinson, Editor-in-Chief 38 Sea Fury vs MiG15 the [email protected] Embracing change and true story disruption Paul Beaver sheds new light NEWS IN BRIEF Professor Hervé Morvan on a classic jet vs piston reports from the inaugural fighter air combat encounter Editor-in-Chief AEROSPACE is published by the Royal 2018 AEROSPACE subscription ATI Conference. from the Korean War. Tim Robinson Aeronautical Society (RAeS). rates: Non-members, £160 +44 (0)20 7670 4353 Chief Executive Please send your order to: [email protected] Simon C Luxmoore Chris Male, RAeS, No.4 Hamilton Place, Deputy Editor Advertising London W1J 7BQ, UK. 41 Afterburner Bill Read Simon Levy +44 (0)20 7670 4352 +44 (0)20 7670 4351 +44 (0)20 7670 4346 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Any member not requiring a print Publications Manager Unless specifically attributed, no version of this magazine, please 42 Message from our President Chris Male contact: [email protected] material in AEROSPACE shall be taken 43 Message from our +44 (0)20 7670 4352 to represent the opinion of the RAeS. USA: Periodical postage paid at [email protected] Chief Executive Reproduction of material used in this Champlain New York and additional Production Editor Online publication is not permitted without the offices. 44 Book Reviews Wayne J Davis written consent of the Editor-in-Chief. Postmaster: Send address changes Additional features and content +44 (0)20 7670 4354 to IMS of New York, PO Box 1518, 47 Library Additions [email protected] Printed by Buxton Press Limited, are available to view online on Palace Road, Buxton, Derbyshire Champlain NY 12919-1518, USA. 48 2017 WOW Lecture www.media.aerosociety.com/ Book Review Editor SK17 6AE, UK aerospace-insight Brian Riddle 49 2017 Honours, Medals ISSN 2052-451X & Awards Including: Sea Fury vs MiG-15 – the true Editorial Office Distributed by Royal Mail story, Dassault Systemès augmented reality Royal Aeronautical Society 50 Careers 20th anniversary engineering centre, A400M humanitarian aid No.4 Hamilton Place missions, in the January issue of London W1J 7BQ, UK 52 Diary AEROSPACE, the Lost Photographs of +44 (0)20 7670 4300 55 Corporate Partners No.4, Aerospace book choices [email protected] Front cover: Dornier Seawings prototype Seastar flying boat. www.aerosociety.com 56 RAeS Elections for Christmas. .

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INTELLIGENCE / ANALYSIS / COMMENT Thrust control Pitch control on the MAGMA is achieved by utilising the natural tendency of airflow to 'stick' to curved surfaces and using additional bleed air from a slot to partially or fully detach the engine thrust from this surface. Varying the amount of bleed air from this slot vectors the thrust line and gives pitch control.

Roll control Slots in the trailing edge of the wing provides wing circulation control with bleed air from the engine being blown through at supersonic speeds.

AEROSPACE BAE trials flapless flight BAE Systems has revealed that it in conjunction with University of Manchester researchers has flown a jet-powered sub-scale UAV demonstrator – MAGMA – designed to investigate flight without moving control surfaces. The UAV, a follow up to the earlier DEMON UAV, uses wing circulation control and fluidic thrust vectoring instead of conventional control surfaces. As well as the benefits of simpler maintenance and lighter weight for conventional aircraft, flow control may also have important applications for ultra-low observable air vehicles.

4 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 Specifications

Wingspan: 4m Weight: (without flow control) 40kg Weight (with flow control) 45kg Engine: Hawk 240N gas turbine

Flight tests MAGMA has already been flown in flight tests in Wales using conventional moving controls. The next stage will see wing circulation control and fluidic thrust vectoring utilised, with the aim of seeing if all moving controls and even tailfins can be removed completely.

A novel testbed As well as flapless flight, University of Man- chester researchers see the potential to use MAGMA to test other novel technologies and materials, including in situ health monitoring of composite structures and leading edge tubercles for improved high angle of attack stability and performance.

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GENERAL AVIATION SPACEFLIGHT Aerion teams up with Mystery over secret Lockheed Martin on SSBJ satellite launch failure A SpaceX launch of a booster. However, Space secret US Government X pushed back against Zuma spy satellite or news headlines saying payload has failed to make the mission was a failure, orbit. The secret satellite saying “after review of was launched from the all data to date, Falcon 9 Kennedy Space Center did everything correctly.” Supersonic business jet (SSBJ) developer Aerion has signed a Memorandum of by a Falcon 9 rocket on Adding to the mystery was Understanding (MoU) with Lockheed Martin to explore the feasibility of a joint 7 January but conflicting the highly classified nature development of the Aerion AS2 SSBJ. The two companies will work together to reports said that the of the Zuma mission, which develop a framework on all phases of the programme, including engineering, payload is rumoured to although a US Government certification and production. The collaboration marks the first civil air transport have failed to separate payload, it is not known project for Lockheed since it exited the passenger airliner business in the 1980s. from the second stage which agency it belongs to. Aerion AIR TRANSPORT AEROSPACE Delta retires its last First BelugaXL completes passenger 747 assembly Delta Air Lines, the last December, the final flight, US carrier still using the on 3 January, saw its 747 Boeing 747 for fly from Delta's hub passenger in Atlanta to flights, has Pinal Airpark retired its in Arizona.

Jumbo Jet to D Meanwhile,

the boneyard A KLM retired

in Arizona. e its last 747 in s The first Airbus BelugaXL heavy lift transport aircraft has rolled off the assembly While the December, with line in Toulouse. An outsized airlifter version of the A330-200, the BelugaXL is airline operated United Airlines expected to make its first flight later this year. Five aircraft are to be built which its last scheduled 747 also flying its last Jumbo will be able to transport both wings of an A350 XWB, compared with one on the passenger service in mid- Jet earlier in November. current BelugaST. Airbus

NEWS IN BRIEF

pilots after they both issued a false alarm of The satellites join two offer from Melrose Airbus has signed an stepped outside the an imminent ballistic similar triplets launched Industries. GKN has issued MoU with the National flightdeck during an in- missile attack via SMS earlier in 2017. two profit warnings since Development and Reform flight argument. The flight messages and emergency October and has been Commission of China on 1 January was flying broadcasts, causing Six people were killed reported to be mulling (NDRC) to enhance from London to Mumbai widespread panic across when a tourist seaplane splitting off its aerospace industrial co-operation with 324 passengers and the islands. The error was crashed on 31 December in and automotive businesses in Tianjin. Airbus and its 14 crew onboard when the not corrected until 38 Australia. The de Havilland to boost profits. Chinese partners also incident happened, which minutes later. Canada Beaver, operated signed a framework saw both captain and first by Sydney Seaplanes, was On 13 January a Pegasus agreement to increase its officer leave the cockpit China launched three flying passengers to a Airlines Boeing 737-800 A320 production rate at its briefly during a heated Yaogan military surveillance restaurant when it crashed skidded off a runway at FAL in Tianjin to six aircraft dispute. satellites on 25 December into the Hawkesbury River, Trabzon Airport, Turkey, per month. aboard a two-stage Long north of Sydney. and ended up metres from On 13 January, the March 2C booster from the the Black Sea on a steep Indian airline Jet Airways Hawaiian Emergency Xichang space center in In early January GKN slope. All 162 passengers has fired two of its 777 Management Agency southwestern China. rejected an unsolicited and six crew escaped

6 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 DEFENCE AIR TRANSPORT V-280 tiltrotor maiden flight 2017 ‘safest year ever’ for commercial aviation

Last year was the ‘safest the worst being a Turkish ever’ year for commercial cargo 747 in January aviation, with no jet 2017 that killed four crew passenger aircraft crashes, and 35 people on the according to aviation ground in Kyrgyzstan. The consultancy To70 and the total compares with 16 Aviation Safety Network accidents and 303 deaths (ASN). Ten fatal airliner in 2016. accidents were reported Given the growth in Bell Helicopter has made the first flight of its new V-280 Valor tiltrotor which it is in 2017, with a total of 79 air travel, the commercial developing for the US Army's Joint Multi-Role (JMR) demonstrator programme. The flight lives lost, 44 onboard and accident rate, says ASN, took place on 18 December at the company’s facility in Amarillo, Texas. The initial test 35 of these from people on now stands at “one fatal involved a vertical take-off and landing with no forward flight. the ground. Five of these passenger flight accident

Bell Helicopter were cargo flights, with per 7,360,000 flights.” GENERAL AVIATION AEROSPACE China’s Wanfeng Aviation Boeing’s HorizonX innovation division has unveiled a new electric VTOL cargo UAV, developed in only three months. The so-far unmanned tech prototype is configured with acquire Diamond Aircraft eight propellers with a goal of carrying 500lb for 20miles at around 60-70mph. China's Wanfeng Aviation, was acquired by Wanfeng a subsidiary of Auto Holding, also Wanfeng Auto includes the Austro Holding, has Engine division.

completed m Under the new

the purchase ownership, work A

of Austria's a is set to continue Boeing f t Diamond on the DA50 and reveals Aircraft Group. The Dart turboprop as well purchase, which comes as “take Diamond to a long- electric heavy after a 60% share in the term leadership position,” Diamond Canada arm says Wanfeng. lifter UAV Boeing

without injury from the satellite servicing system. shot down by maritime of the missing flight Brexit. The UK licence incident, which happened Orbital is already working poachers over the Gulf MH370 using autonomous would allow the Irish- just before midnight. on completing MEV- of California in Mexico. underwater vehicles. The headquartered airline 1 which is due to go The UAV was launched search will last for 90 to continue to operate On 16 January the British into orbit at the end from Sea Shepherd’s M/V days and will focus on a domestic flights between Army retired its last Lynx of this year. The MEVs John Paul DeJoria on 24 previously unsearched airports in England, utility helicopter after are designed to meet December as part of a area. The contract is Scotland, Wales and 40 years of service. The different satellite space mission to protect the unusual in that Ocean Northern Ireland without type is replaced in Army logistics requirements, endangered porpoise and Infinity will receive no being classed as a Air Corps service by the including repair, assembly, bass. payment unless the 777 ‘foreign’ carrier post- AW159 Wildcat. refuelling and in-space is found. Brexit. transportation. A private US firm, Ocean Orbital ATK has won Infinity, has won a contract Low-cost carrier Ryanair Canada is to invite tenders an order from Intelsat Ocean conservation from the Malaysian has applied for a UK Air to replace the Royal for a second Mission group Sea Shepherd has Government to perform Operators Certificate Canadian Air Force’s fleet Extension Vehicle (MEV- reported that one of its an additional underwater (AOC) as a hedge against of CF-18 fighters with 88 2) commercial in-space surveillance UAVs was search for the remains a ‘hard landing’ post new advanced fighters.

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AEROSPACE DEFENCE All change at the top at Co-ordinated mass drone attack Airbus as backlog grows on Russian airbase in Syria Airbus COO and an extension to his job President Commercial term beyond April 2019. Aircraft Fabrice Brégier  is to step down in At its 2017 orders and February 2018 after deliveries press conference, a period of high- Airbus announced it had level infighting at the delivered a record 718 On 6 January, Russia's airbase in Hmeymim, company with overall aircraft last year, while it had Syria, came under attack from a co-ordinated CEO, Tom Enders. secured 1,109 net orders, mass raid of DIY UAVs equipped with IEDs. Brégier will be succeeded helped by a last-minute Up to 13 UAVs were launched from 100km by by Guillaume Faury, sales rush. Boeing, for its insurgents and guided by GPS. Seven drones currently CEO of Airbus part, delivered 763 airliners were shot down by Russian Pantsir AA/SAM Helicopters. Meanwhile, in 2017, also a record, while systems, while the rest were disabled using the company says that booking 912 net orders last electronic warfare. CEO Enders will not seek year. Russian MoD GENERAL AVIATION AIR TRANSPORT Dassault pulls plug on Falcon 5X Future of insolvent Niki Dassault Aviation has abandoned plans to continue development of its new still up in the air Falcon 5X business jet following ongoing problems with its Safran Silvercrest The €20m sale of proceedings were shifted engines. Technical problems pushed back the delivery of the engines from bankrupt Austrian budget to Austria. Niki ceased 2013 to 2017 and the prototype Falcon 5X began flight tests in July with non carrier Niki to BA flying in December -specification engines. The aircraft was then scheduled to enter into service in and Iberia parent after Lufthansa 2020 but the discovery of further technical problems made this date impossible. group, IAG may dropped an K e n offer to buy the be in doubt

e l

after it was d airline from

i n

reported that g its bankrupt its founder parent Air and ex-Formula Berlin. The 1 champion airline was set to Niki Lauda may be become an subsidiary allowed to bid for the of IAG’s Spanish low cost airline – after insolvency carrier Vueling. Dassault Aviation NEWS IN BRIEF

. ‘aerial taxi’, flying the CEO retains a golden share over The twin-engine Orion On 11 January, over of Intel indoors at an Embraer. made an 80hr flight in Correction Mojave, US, Virgin Galactic exhibition hall in Germany in 2014 but the USAF said In the January issue of flew its seventh unpowered December. According to Bloomberg, that it did not then have an AEROSPACE in 'Atlas shoulders the load' it was stated that six test flight with its VSS Mexican carrier Interjet is operational requirement crew died aboard a Spanish AF Unity spaceplane. After Boeing has revealed that now having to cannibalise for a long-endurance A400M in 2015. It was actually release from WhiteKnight it is in discussions with parts from four grounded unmanned aircraft.. four Airbus flight test crew killed, with two survivors. The aircraft, 2, SpaceShip2 achieved Brazil's Embraer over a Sukhoi SuperJet SSJ100s was also a pre-delivery A400M Mach 0.9 in the glide test, ‘potential combination’ to keep its remaining 18 SpaceX has admitted for the Turkish Air Force. the fastest speed possible between the two Superjets airworthy. that it will now not fly any without using engine companies. Embraer's astronauts to the ISS We apologise for any confusion power. shares surged on news Aurora Flight Sciences onboard its Crew Dragon caused. of the deal. However has won a $48m contract until December, while Germany's Volocopter reports suggest that any from the US Air Force Boeing expects the first has conducted the first partnership would stop to develop a certificated crewed test flight of its autonomous passenger short of an full takeover. version of its Orion CS-100 Starliner to be in  flight of an electric VTOL Brazil's Government unmanned air vehicle. November.

8 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 SPACEFLIGHT AEROSPACE NASA shortlists next UK aerial taxi start-up breaks cover space probe missions UK start-up Autonomous Flight says that it will conduct the first passenger NASA has selected two the Dragonfly robotic test flights of its Y6S electric VTOL finalist concepts for rotorcraft that will explore ‘aerial taxi’ later this year. Speaking unmanned missions from prebiotic chemistry and to Sky News, the company revealed a shortlist of 12, as well habitability of sites on as selecting two new Saturn’s moon it was targeting a price of around mission concepts Titan. The two $25,000 or £20,000 for the two-seat to receive technology autonomous air vehicle. technology development

development N concepts are

S funds for A Enceladus future mission Life competitions. Signatures Both due to and Habitability launch in the mid- (ELSAH) to 2020s, the two mission limit spacecraft finalists are the Comet contamination and Astrobiology Exploration enable life detection Sample Return (CAESAR) measurements and Venus mission to return a sample In situ Composition Autonomous Flight from the 67P/Churyumov- Investigations (VICI) Gerasimenko comet to develop the Venus Chaos at JFK which was explored by the Element and Mineralogy A broken water pipe that flooded Terminal 4 was the latest in European Space Agency’s Camera to operate on a series of issues that left thousands of passengers stranded Rosetta spacecraft, and Venus. for up to 20 hours at New York’s JFK international airport over the weekend of 6/7 January. The airport was already reeling GENERAL AVIATION from delays following extreme snowstorms on 4 January, that BEA selected as UK had resulted in cancelled flights, queues and baggage piling up. Further disruption was caused on the morning of 6 January, Piper dealer when a China Southern 777 being towed collided with the tail of a Kuwait Airlines' aircraft on the ground. No injuries were British European Aviation Ireland. BEA already Group (BEA), based at owns six Piper aircraft reported in the incident. High Wycombe Air Park, and provides pilot training, has been appointed the aircraft management, DEFENCE exclusive dealer for Piper engineering and charter Aircraft for the UK and services. INFOGRAPHIC: Chinese power projection in South China Sea ON THE Professor Herve Morvan, MOVE Director of Institute for Michael Huerta has Aerospace Technology, is stepped down as FAA to join Rolls-Royce's CTO Administrator after office as a technology serving a five-year term. strategist from April. Dan Elwell has become acting administrator In a January UK reshuffle, until a new successor is Jo Johnson MP has announced. become Minister of State for Transport, while Guto George Xu is the new Webb MP becomes CEO of Airbus China. Parliamentary Under- Secretary of State Etihad Aviation Group has for Defence Procurement, appointed Mark Powers as replacing Harriet Baldwin its new CFO. M P. Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative Asia Maritime Transparency

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2018 9 Global Outlook and Analysis with antenna: HOWARD WHEELDON More defence cuts, More uncertainty?

ith a new UK Secretary of State strands of defence and security and make necessary for Defence, Gavin Williamson, adjustments. having requested that delivery While defence remains the largest of the 12 of the defence element of the individual strands, it is accepted that the UK also planned national security capability needs to spend more on others, such as cyber security reviewW should be pushed back into 2018 and also, and intelligence services including GCHQ, MI5 and given the extent of the MoD’s defence budget MI6. The problem is lack of available funding and problems, that it might be better to have a full defence where funding that is available should be best spent. review now rather than wait until 2020, not only is Sedwill is already on record as saying that neither defence procurement activity in limbo but uncertainty the £56bn budget for total UK defence and security, will continue to dominate across the whole of defence. nor the £36bn within this specific to defence is likely There has, as yet, been no confirmation of to be increased. Such remarks have not surprisingly, timing in respect of delivery of either a mini review caused consternation, not only within the military of defence, a full review or indeed, when the national but also within the MoD which has been battling security capability review ‘refresh’ will be published. separately and driving the service chiefs, who are What we do know, however, is that there is now a responsible for their budgets, to find more ways of huge defence budget deficit in existence and one that saving money. is continuing to rise. Given the sharp fall in the value of Sterling since Notwithstanding the extent of the new defence the Brexit referendum vote and the large amounts black hole, Mr Williamson has already ruled out some of capability that the UK MoD has agreed to procure of the potential cuts suggested by his team. The from the US (this includes nine Boeing P-8 Poseidon rhetoric so far appears to have been based on another maritime patrol aircraft, 38 Boeing Apache AH-64E round of severe cuts not being the only answer to helicopters and the eventual procurement of a total of cost issues and that questioning whether defence is 138 Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning IIs, it is hardly receiving a sufficient level of funding needs also to be surprising that the MoD should find itself in such addressed. However, while welcoming such ideals, we a precarious position. Clearly, with Sterling having also recognise that, whatever plan emerges, further declined by close to 25% over the past two years cuts to defence capability are inevitable. and the MoD having failed to buy sufficient dollar That said, given the resurgence of Russia and funding requirement forward at the time the various the worsening of geo-political events, be these driven agreements were completed, the MoD has found itself by North Korea or rising tensions in the Middle East, in an uncomfortable position where it will be required it is clear that the level of threats against the UK to make up the difference in the dollar-related have also increased. The cyber threat has increased purchase cost. exponentially and the need for the UK to invest in this and in its intelligence services has been well Cause for concern recognised by government. By sending its submarines and warships close to The new ‘black hole’ that has emerged in defence has been the UK and also increasing the number of challenges made all the worse by failure of the MoD to achieve the in the UK air domain, Russia has shown itself to be specific £11bn of cost savings demanded in SDSR 2015, testing UK resolve. The UK is not alone in being that would be needed if the UK was to be able to go ahead challenged by Russia and many other NATO members and procure the various capability procurement announced are responding by increasing spending on defence. in that review. With the substantial changes and increased level Figures as high as £30bn have been suggested of threat that has occurred since the last defence and in relation to the size of the new ‘black hole’ in the security review, SDSR 2015, the ‘refresh’ review led UK defence budget, although that is based on full by national security advisor, Mark Sedwill through the procurement intention. The reality as we stand now Cabinet Office made good sense. A former diplomat is that the ‘black hole’ figure is much lower than that. and one who had served in Afghanistan, Sedwill’s plan However, that is not complacency and it is clear was to look at each and every one of the 12 different that, left as it is, if all planned SDSR 2015-based

10 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 procurement was to take place and assuming the value of sterling remains unchanged, the deficit could easily reach £30bn unless severe cost cutting action takes place. The new Secretary of State for Defence has at least made plain that he is not prepared to preside over a further weakening of defence capability and, as an example, he has taken a firm stance against suggestions of further cutting numbers of Royal of Australia, Commonwealth

Marines. He has challenged the Chancellor of the of Defence Department Exchequer, Philip Hammond, himself a previous Secretary of State for Defence, to increase funding for defence. The rhetoric from Williamson has been positive so far but caution is required and it needs to be remembered that Cabinet will be the one that decides what happens next. So what might we expect from the review process as a worst case scenario? My view is that Army The Royal Australian Air capability while at the same time providing greater numbers will be cut, as will the current target for Army Force's first Boeing P-8A resource to more modern forms of warfare if that is Reserves numbers. The Royal Navy is also likely to be Poseidon. The fall in the what is deemed appropriate but anyone who believes forced to endure further cuts in numbers of surface value of the UK pound that the next war will be that different to the last may ships and possibly sub-surface vessels, as well and I has made life for the MoD need to think again. My point is that both need to would very much doubt that the Navy will be left with increasingly difficult in its be adequately funded and if, as we have been led more than one amphibious landing ship following the purchase of the P-8, F-35B to believe by this and the immediate past Coalition review. Air power is almost bound to suffer too with and Apache. Government, that ‘presence and defence diplomacy’ intended numbers of F-35 procurement likely to be are also areas that we wish to concentrate our efforts scaled back, together with various other programmes on then we must accept that we need to adequately either being reduced in numbers or further deferred. fund it. Should we be concerned? Absolutely we should. Signs of a revolt on cutting defence capability While no one would disagree the need for defence further by a sizable group of back-bench MPs could to be both affordable and to continually work toward well play an important role in what happens next. Back making itself more efficient, defence has been sold in November, James Gray MP called on ministers a pup for far too long in respect of the way that it ‘not to use a security view to create a camouflage has been underfunded and seriously questions the for cuts in military manpower’. Meanwhile, fellow Tory viability of making further cuts if UK armed forces are MPs Johnny Mercy and Tom Tugendhat have also properly enabled to carry out all the various tasking expressed serious doubts and have made know that asked of them. they are prepared to challenge further cuts if and With serving senior officers silenced from AIR POWER IS when these are announced. expressing views it is left to a small group of recently Industry well knows that reducing planned retired senior officers to tell it how it is. Of these, ALMOST BOUND procurement numbers or pushing programmes back is one of the most respected has been the voice of TO SUFFER TOO false economy. History tells us that they are right and General Sir Richard Barrons who retired in 2016 WITH INTENDED that in respect of equipment, the cost is never lower as Commander of Joint Forces Command. Barrons NUMBERS than it is today. may not be alone in having told audiences that our As to when and what the next move will be armed forces are no longer fit for purpose and close OF F-35 depends on the Secretary of State for Defence. to breaking point but, in delivering a message that has PROCUREMENT Having barely got his feet under the table in MoD force jointery writ large over it, his has been the most LIKELY TO BE Main Building he is entitled to be given more time to respected. assess the situation as he sees it. He is very different That the RN is nowhere near being able to do SCALED BACK, to his predecessor and there is no doubt of his all that is asked of it on its current level of funding TOGETHER intention to listen to those who know far more about and that due to this and other factors, as much as WITH VARIOUS defence requirement than he currently does. one third of its main capability is in dock and that OTHER We should welcome this and also recognise that the RAF is struggling to maintain sufficient numbers Gavin Williamson has already challenged the long held of engineers and other important trades is well PROGRAMMES beliefs of others that defence can always be further understood. Lack of funding and of how those funds EITHER BEING cut. At some point, there has to be compromise are spent plays a part in this but the bottom line is that REDUCED and, while I doubt that the new Secretary of State UK defence is already in a huge mess even before IN NUMBERS for Defence will win additional funding for defence, the next round of cuts hits. he may well win the possibly of certain aspects of No-one is against shifting some funding away OR FURTHER defence being moved off the defence budget to the from mature more traditional forms of defence DEFERRED Treasury.

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LETTERS AND ONLINE

1948 and the cancellation of the Miles M52 In the January thrust. As regards his AEROSPACE(1), Prof “We never did catch up!” Keith Hayward makes the statement, the basis of assertion about 1948: this is not understood in “The year also saw the the light of the English termination of the Miles Electric P1 (Lightning),

Richard Gardner Richard M52 programme ... We Fairey FD2 and the never did catch up !” If I 1,132mph speed record may say so, this does the of 1956 and, ultimately Miles team of the time a the civil SST Concorde great disservice, as it was which could fly 108 Government meandering passengers at Mach 2 and vacillation of the day in cabin comfort without that brought about an the need for special suits, end to the programme, something the US has a programme that the yet to achieve in a civil late Capt Eric ‘Winkle’ airliner, so it it’s difficult Brown, as an eminent to understand what it is Vintage desktop model of the Miles M52 recently donated to the FAST Museum, Farnborough. commentator of the times, we did not catch up? The considered to be well M52 project, as much In Keith Hayward’s engine development we never did catch up founded (and as the most as anything suffered the January Last Word(1) work included a modified but this was as a direct likely test pilot for the consequences of UK under the paragraph W2/700 jet engine with result of a succession of M52 prototype). At best economic insolvency after ‘Supersonic at last’, he an augmented fan and muddled official policies the Bell X-1 project was WW2, not the lack of states: “The year (1948) afterburners, which were rather than the ability of a concurrent project of innovation and brilliance also saw the termination of tested, the prototype unit the then highly innovative the time but the Chuck that we were capable the Miles M52 Programme, being on display at the aircraft industry and the Yeager Bell X-1 record of. There is no evidence a sorry and half-hearted FAST Museum. While outstanding capabilities was achieved with rocket that the M52 data attempt to take the UK into the bypass engine would vested in the Government’s power of relatively short blithely handed to the US the era of supersonics, have been what is now own research duration. Had the Miles influenced the Bell X-1 which the Americans regarded as a turbofan, establishments, which had M52 been proceeded project but the similarities had already pioneered.” the addition of reheat absorbed much additional with and flown, it would between the two In fact the Miles M52 would have boosted top German scientific talent have had the W2/700 airframes are remarkably was abandoned abruptly speed to a supersonic post-1945. gas turbine engine and coincidently similar. in February 1946 when level. There was much with augmentation and the Director General of argument within the RAE Richard Gardner afterburner – a more David Weinel Scientific Research at and Government circles MRAeS, Chairman, FAST sustainable source of IEng AMRAeS the Ministry of Aircraft regarding the importance Production, Sir Ben of swept wings to obtain Lockspeiser, informed FG a Mach 1+ performance, Miles that the programme and glide tests of such mechanical drive to

to build a British an RAE design in 1947 Airbus generator output of 70% supersonic aeroplane had were halted after the test and the same for motor in been terminated and all aircraft was destroyed. to shaft power out. That work on it must cease However, a rocket- suggests that the single immediately. This decision, powered large scale engine needs to produce and the haste in which model of the M52 shape, twice as much power to not only the jigs and tools dropped from a Mosquito match the current needs. were broken up but the nearly two years after How electric is the E-Fan X? Of course, you mention Ministry of Supply ordered the project cancellation, that the objective is to to hand all technical as a part of Operation The January feature on electric motors must sustain cruise flight thrust data and wind tunnel Neptune (drop-testing the modified BAe146 for be less fuel economical levels. But how does results to the US, remains various powered models) replacement of two ALF than directing the fuel that meet the take-off controversial to this day. did reach Mach 1.38 in 502’s with electric fans(2) energy straight to the performance? My fuel Much work had been level flight, validating the is interesting but where, fans. Common sense systems experience leads conducted at the Royal practicality of the M52 exactly, are the potential and a basic estimate of me to believe that max Aircraft Establishment, on design to go supersonic. savings? It seems to me efficiencies of generators power can require four to the aerodynamic shape The rocket-powered Bell that the use of another and motors suggests five times the fuel burn of the M52 straight, thin, X-1 took the title on 14 kerosene-powered engine that the net input/output rate of high altitude cruise. wings, and significantly October 1947. Keith to generate electrical ratio could be as little as the all-moving tail. Further was quite right to say power to drive two large 50% based on assumed Karl W Smith

12 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 In praise of the A400M @rovSirhc [On ‘Atlas @georginafstubbs Have shoulders the load’ (3)] I to agree with this. Flew on

miss working on that baby. them while I was out there Airbus Defence It is clearly a masterpiece of covering it all. Apart from aircraft, even if it had some the fact they have proper issues at the beginning. It toilets and have tea and stays an awesome aircraft coffee facilities, they’re in its performances and brilliant and can pack in so ‘F-52s’ to Norway? capacities. much! Pilots who safely landed them on such small @XFW_Observer [On runways need medals. Donald Trump saying @donnabell200 With ‘F-52s’ sold to Norway] wings made in Filton, B-52 will be reclassified as Bristol by @AirbusintheUK @TDP_Puddleduck F-52 after re-engining?? Brilliant read. When I visited the training facilities @TameCrab Great article @SouthernFairy16 And @Lara_Small Proud to at Brize a few years ago, I by @RAeSTimR on the what a cracking beast it is @mgerrydoyle This be part of the TP400 build could tell a world-beating latest addition to the to work on!! programme was line! Great article force was being built from #RoyalAirForce Air Mobility accidentally revealed in the @RAeSTimR the ground up! Force. early ‘90s by Dale Brown in Flight of the Old Dog. @Rotorfocus I think that @FG_STrim The F-52 @MichaelJPryce Attack Fairey test pilot has potential, I am sure is, of course, a secret of the Drones. Easy to deal Qatar would buy some... eight-engined stealth with. For now. fighter designed by Pratt & Whitney to operate from secret fjord-based lairs and Stealth UCAVs Flying taxis surge ahead intercept lost Danish cod fisherman with salvos of @McParlinStephen [On Joint Strike Missiles. LO UCAV design paper from The Aeronautical Journal(4) Well, not Bell Helicopter ‘ Drone ‘swarm’ attack quite but a reasonable UNCLASSIFIED summary @HarpiaP [On Drone of some of the issues... ‘swarm’ attack on Russian I’m not sure the really juicy airbase – the future of stuff will ever make it into @NavalAirHistory [On Bell Helicopters cabin for future urban air taxi unveiled at the 2018 warfare?] Yes, of course! It the open literature. Consumer Electronics Show. happens for a while: low- new book telling story of cost UAVs versus expensive Fairey test pilot Duncan @DarrellAviation I don’t @hervepmorvan Join the and high value assets! @c_meperman I found Menzies] The family’s know about you guys queue! Exciting times! it a very interesting read. photo collection was a but I am having trouble Back in about ‘93, I real eye-opener full of rare keeping up with the @aiaa @davidjrainey Until the was sponsoring work at and surprising images. conference and @CES @KhajaShakir Super defences adapt to the Cranfield on UAV design My favourite is that one of with all their tweets about interesting and exciting. new model. I imagine that optimisation. Packaging the AW Atlases skimming #ElectricAviation and Can’t wait to see what very cheap missiles or very important; linking across the Iraqi landscape. #EVTOL! Been told today comes from it over the next Phalanx style automatic stealth requirements and that my editorial with my 12 to 24 months. guns are already under constraints to design friends at @PascallWatson development. difficult. @butters_matthew & Hendrik Orsinger will be @GuardedDon How will 1. AEROSPACE, January 2018, p 58, Last Word 2. AEROSPACE, January 2018, p 4, Radome, E-Fan X charges ahead available at the end of NATS take these concepts 3. AEROSPACE, January 2018, p 14, Atlas shoulders the load the month in the Future for airspace management, 4. The Aeronautical Journal, September 2017, p 1261, Technology challenges of stealth unmanned combat aerial vehicles. of Transport 2018 mag and the CAA from a published by UKI Media. regulatory stance? Pitching All about vertiports & what is the easy part. Online OEMs need to think about Additional features and content are available to view in design #EVTOL. online at https://www.aerosociety.com/news-expertise/aerospace-insight/aerospace-insight-blogs/

@aerosociety i Findlinkedin.com/raes us on LinkedIn f facebook.com/raesFind us on Facebook. www.aerosociety.comwww.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2018 13 AIR TRANSPORT Seaplanes Hellenic Seaplanes

Making a splash

Often associated with the Golden Age of flying in the 1930s, seaplanes have recently been staging a comeback with an increasing number of new operators, designs and applications. BILL READ FRAeS reports.

ention the word ‘seaplanes’ and Old and new designs many people think back to the long-gone days of the 1930s when The most widely used type of seaplanes are small companies such as Imperial Airways aircraft which are either variants of popular GA flew passengers around the world designs or specially designed sport or light aircraft. Min luxury flying boats. However, recent years have There are also a variety of customised designs. One seen renewed interest in the use of seaplanes for a established manufacturer of seaplanes is Idaho- variety of applications, including recreational flying, based Quest aircraft which produces the single- tourist sightseeing flights, private and commercial engine Quest Kodiak. First delivered to customers in transport, air-sea rescue, firefighting and providing 2007, the ten-seat Kodiak is designed to be easily vital transport links to remote communities. adaptable from a land to an amphibious floatplane There have also been initiatives to use seaplanes without structural upgrades. Another popular for military operations and even a proposal for seaplane is the amphibious version of the Cessna transatlantic commercial flights. Caravan made by US manufacturer Textron Aviation. There has also been a revival in older designs. In Land and water 2007, Canadian manufacturer Viking Air announced the restart of production of the discontinued de Seaplanes can be categorised into aircraft Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter. Fitted with that can only take-off and land on water and new engines the 19-passenger STOL (short take- amphibians that can operate from both land and off and landing) Series 400 Viking Air DHC-6 water. Some seaplanes are derivatives of land Twin Otter utility aircraft has the option of being aircraft fitted with floats while others are ‘flying configured as a water-only or amphibious floatplane. boats’ designed with specially shaped hulls which To date, over 100 of the Series 400 version of the are an integral part of their design. Flying boats aircraft have been sold. are able to operate in rougher water and are said In 2017, German manufacturer Dornier to be more stable than floatplanes. Seawings rolled out its new Seastar advanced

14 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 amphibious aircraft. Based on two prototypes flown operates charter and tourist seaplane flights from in the 1980s, production versions are to be jointly Hanoi using a fleet of three 12-seat Cessna developed by Dornier Seawings in Germany and Caravan 208B-EX amphibians. The aircraft can Dornier Seawings China. The fuselage and wings operate on land from Noi Bai Airport and sea in Dornier are to be manufactured by Diamond Aircraft in Halong Bay. Dornier Seawings Seastar. Canada with final assembly to to carried out first Another Cessna Caravan 208 operator is in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, and later in Wuxi UAE company Seawings Dubai which flies luxury in China. First flight of the production Seastar sightseeing flights over Dubai and Abu Dhabi. Its is scheduled for the first half of 2019 with type fleet of three nine-seat aircraft operate from Dubai certification to follow in 2020. Creek where Imperial Airways seaplanes used to fly In France, Lisa Airplanes is developing the in the 1930s.

Akoya amphibious aircraft which it claims will be The UK has its own seaplane operator with Lisa Airplanes able to operate from land, water and snow. Powered Scottish company Loch Lomond Seaplanes which Lisa Airplanes Akoya. by a single turboprop fitted to the tail, the Akoya operates Cessna 208 Caravans and Cessna is fitted with ‘Seafoils’ fins beneath the fuselage, T206Hs on tourist flights around Loch Lomond giving the aircraft the ability to glide on the water and the Trossachs, as well as scheduled services like a hydrofoil. Following the first flight of the between its Glasgow Seaplane Terminal on the prototype aircraft in 2007, progress on the project River Clyde to Oban Bay and to Tobermory on the has been slow but, following a $20m investment island of Mull. Icon from Chinese investors in 2013, a second prototype In Australia, Sydney Seaplanes offers scenic flights Icon A5. was flown last year. over locations close to Sydney Harbour. First started An additional new seaplane design is the US- in 2005, the company is now the largest seaplane made Icon A5 single-engine amphibious light sport operator in Australia, flying a fleet of five de Havilland aircraft. First flown in 2008, the first production Beavers and Cessna Caravans from its Seaplane version of the Icon A5 took to the skies in 2014. Terminal in Rosebay – a location also used by Imperial However, the project suffered a number of setbacks Airways Empire flying boats. Sadly, Sydney Seaplanes

last year with no fewer than three accidents, two was recently in the headlines for the wrong reasons Sea Air Composites of which were fatal and one of which killed the after one of its aircraft crashed while attempting to Seawind 3000. company’s chief test pilot. land into the Hawkesbury River, near Sydney on 31 Another company which experienced problems December, killing the pilot and all five passengers. It developing a seaplane is Sea Air Composites which was the company’s first accident in 22 years. was working on the four-seat composite Seawind 3000 featuring a single-engine fitted to the leading Linking remote communities edge of the tailfin. The programme encountered a series of delays following the crash of the prototype However, seaplanes are not limited to Canadian-built aircraft in 2007. A new test aircraft sightseeing flights but can also provide was rolled out in 2010 but experienced more commercial transport links to remote problems during flight tests. In 2012, production of areas. These can either be island the aircraft was moved to the US after a financial archipelagos or inland areas where dispute with the Canada Revenue Agency. Further there are no airports but plenty delays were experienced during certification of lakes. There have also been a testing, including the crash of the second prototype number of national initiatives where aircraft in 2014. In December 2016 the company governments are attempting to announced that it needed to raise an additional promote the use of seaplanes as $100m to complete flight certification and begin part of a larger transport network. production, after which no new information has In Canada, seaplane operator been released. Harbour Air flies a fleet of de Havilland single Otters, Sightseeing and charter Twin Otters and Beavers on scheduled services to One of the most popular uses for modern small nine destinations in British seaplanes is for fun. In addition to their use by Columbia. However, some of the more private pilots, there are a number of commercial northern services do not operate in the winter due operators around the world which offer seaplanes to the lakes being frozen. for tourist sightseeing flights. These include Located in the Indian Ocean, the Republic of the Aero Club at Lake Como which is also host Maldives is made up of 1,200 coral islands, to Europe’s only seaplane flight training school making it an ideal which has been in operation since 1913. location for Hai Au Aviation in Vietnam (which is run by the seaplane

Loch Lomond Seaplanes Lomond Loch Thein Minh Group travel and hospitality company) operations.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2018 15 Setouchi Seaplanes Martin Falbisoner/Wikipedia TMC

Local operator Trans Maldavian Airlines (TMA) claims Greece is also looking at the potential of to have the world’s largest seaplane fleet with a fleet seaplanes to enhance transport links between small Images (from left to right) of 48 Twin Otters. In 2016, TMA carried close to 1m islands without airports. Petrichor Capital Partners Hai Au Aviation’s Cessna passengers on over 120,000 flights. Seaplane activity recently announced a proposal for a €250m Caravan 208B-EX amphibians at Noi Bai in the Maldives looks set to expand. Setouchi Holdings investment over the next two years to develop a Airport, Trans Maldivian (the parent company of seaplane manufacturer Quest Greek seaplane network in conjunction with new- Airways DHC-6 Twin Aircraft) has entered a joint-venture agreement with start seaplane operator Hellenic Seaplanes. The Otter at Velana Airport, Island Aviation Services to launch a new seaplane investment would include the purchase of up Setouchi Seaplanes operation. Operated by the Maldives government, to 20 aircraft, together with the Kodiak 100, CL-415 Island Aviation Services operates both large creation of 110 seaside amphibious waterbomber, commercial aircraft and seaplanes. Named Sky Atoll terminals with ShinMaywa US-2 air- Private, the new JV company would initially operate sea rescue amphibian and Beriev Be-200 four Quest Kodiak 100s fitted with Aerocet maintenance waterbomber. 6750 straight floats. and refuelling stations. However, the project would need government support to Textron Aviation Textron go ahead. In November last year a series of test flights were conducted at the Greek island of Corfu to investigate the practicality of establishing seaplane National networks flights in Greece. The flights were conducted by seaplane base management organisation Water Indian low-cost carrier SpiceJet and Setouchi Airports, in collaboration with K2 Smart Jets and Holdings Seaplane in Japan recently ran trials at the Japanese groups Setouchi Holdings and Girgaum Chowpatty off Mumbai’s coast to look Mitsui. Water Airports has obtained licences for at the feasibility of using seaplanes to connect three seaplane bases at Corfu, Paxi and Patras Mumbai with cities in western India which have no and is hoping to add 34 more bases in island and airports but where water landings are possible. The coastal areas in the Ionian Sea, Crete, Cyclades, plan depends on the suitability of stretches of open Dodecanese, Saronic Gulf, the Peloponnese and water to use for take-offs and landings, as well Attica. The company plans are to begin regular as investment into infrastructure such as floating flights from Corfu this spring, using a ten-seat jetties. If the economics looks feasible, SpiceJet and a 19-seat seaplane. The aircraft could also be could invest up to $400m to acquire up to 100 converted for medical evacuation missions. small Kodiak amphibious aircraft from Setouchi In Japan, Hiroshima-based Setouchi Seaplanes Holdings to feed into its existing network from operates chartered and sightseeing flights from remote areas. Onomichi Floating Port using a fleet of amphibious

Some communities not only welcome seaplanes but actively promote them. The city of Tavares in central Florida has rebranded itself as ‘America’s Seaplane City’ and is actively encouraging and promoting the use of seaplanes. Tavares has the advantage for seaplane operators that it is surrounded by lakes which do not freeze in winter. Visitors to the city can enjoy seaplane scenic rides, day trips and pilot training. Tourists are also encouraged to visit the city’s own seaplane manufacturer, Progressive Aerodyne, which produces the Searey amphibious flying boat in either kit or finished form. There is even a specialist seaplane shop – the Prop Shop – which sells seaplane baseball caps, mugs, toys, tees, jewelry and scale models. Non-seaplane activities also include gliding, fishing, boating and golf. Tavares holds two ‘fun seaplane splash-ins’ every spring and autumn – the most recent of which was postponed due to damage from Hurricane Irma in September 2017 but which was still held in November. City of Tavares

16 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 Japanese MoD Shawn Dorch/Wikipedia Setouchi Seaplanes Dmitriy Pichugin/Wikipedia

Kodiak 100s. Japan’s sole seaplane operator, China’s military seaplane Setouchi Seaplanes, announced plans in September In addition to its interest to begin flights between the Sanin and Sanyo in investing in foreign regions. The company conducted a trial flight in July seaplane manufacturers carrying seven passengers on a round trip from Lake as described above, China Nakaumi along the Shimane Peninsula facing the also has ambitious plans Sea of Japan. Setouchi Seaplanes hopes eventually to create its own seaplane to expand its services to cover the whole of Japan. design. This December saw the first flight of the Seaplanes to the rescue AVIC (Aviation Industry Xinhau Corp of China) AG600 AVIC’s new AG600 amphibious transport aircraft was Several countries manufacturer larger seaplanes large amphibious transport rolled out in 2016 and made its first flight in 2017. which can be used in a variety of specialist roles, aircraft. With a length of among which are water bombers, air-sea rescue, 36.9m and a 38.8m wingspan and, the AG600 is currently the world’s largest amphibious maritime patrol and military transport. Amphibious aircraft. According to AVIC, the AG600 has a maximum take-off weight of 53.5 tonnes, water bombers are particularly adept at fighting enabling it to carry up to 50 people or 12 tonnes of water for firefighting missions. forest fires as they have the advantage that Powered by four WJ-6 turboprops, the aircraft has an operational range of about 4,500km. they do not have to land at an airport to be filled AVIC says that the AG600 could be used for such roles as fire-fighting, SAR, transport to with water but can skim over lakes and refill islands and maritime surveillance, although some commentators have also pointed out that quickly while still flying. Until recently, Canadian the aircraft could also be used to support China’s ambitions to expand its influence in the manufacturer Bombardier produced the twin- South China Sea. AVIC claims that it has received orders for 17 AG600s from Chinese engine Bombardier 415 amphibious waterbomber companies and government departments. which was first developed in 1993 by Canadair as the CL-415. However, the aircraft was not Transatlantic seaplanes? considered to be a core business and Bombardier sold the type certificate for the CL-415 to Vikingair in 2016, although no new versions have been produced since 2015. CL-415s are in operation in Canada, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Malaysia, Morocco, Spain and the US. Another specialist use is air-sea rescue. Seaplanes have a longer range than helicopters and have the advantage over fixed-wing land-based aircraft in that they can land on water to rescue survivors. The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force operates the four-engine and Serghides Levis Two illustrations from the Future Large Airliners paper showing three-engine blended ShinMaywa US-2 air-sea rescue amphibian which can wing body seaplane design for 200 passengers with a range of 5,600km (left) and a carry up to 20 passengers over distances of 4,700km. seven-engine design for 2,000 passengers with a range of 15,000km (right). The Indian Navy and Coast Guard are reported to be considering acquiring the US-2. Looking to the future, there have even been proposals for the re-introduction of seaplanes Russian manufacturer Irkhut produces the for long-distance commercial travel. In 2015 Dr Errikos Levis from the Department of twin-engined Beriev Be-200 amphibious aircraft. Aeronautics at Imperial London College and Professor Varnavas Serghides from the Designed in the 1990s as a smaller version of the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frederick University, Cyprus published a A-40 anti-submarine flying boat, the Be-200 is paper proposing a family of large blended wing seaplanes which could carry between 200 powered by two Progress D-436TP turbofans giving to 2,000 passengers on transatlantic flights (The Potential of Seaplanes as Future Large it a speed of up to 710km/hr. The Be-200 can be Airliners https://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/18626/2/Paper%20-%20Levis. used for a variety of roles, including freight and pdf). The paper explains how conventionally-designed seaplanes suffer from increased passenger transport, air-sea rescue, maritime patrol drag and structural weight due to the need for the fuselage to be shaped and reinforced and military missions. However, its most common for water-borne operations. Such designs require a V-shaped hull to enable landing on use to date has been as a waterbomber and the water together with tip floats to keep the air laterally stable on water – both of which will aircraft has been used to combat fires in Russia, increase drag. A blended wing body would avoid these problems and improve the aircraft’s Israel and Portugal. Plans were announced in 2003 aerodynamic efficiency. Unlike most previous seaplane designs, the BWB seaplane would to produce a version of the Be-200 fitted with Rolls- be powered by three, five or more high bypass ratio turbofans or propfans fitted to the top Royce engines but the project was shelved. of the wings, enabling it to fly at transonic speeds. These engines could be powered with non-fossil fuels, such as hydrogen.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2018 17 DEFENCE North Korea’s missile threat Rocket Korea state media North nation

MIKE BRATBY MRAeS assesses North Korea’s increasingly ambitious missile and nuclear weapons programmes.

orth Korea’s Ballistic Missile and testing of nuclear warheads and are claiming to Programme has made astonishing have the capability to miniaturise them, although this strides in the past two years and has has still to be demonstrated. been complemented by a parallel The question is, how have they done it? programme to develop nuclear Nweapons. An arsenal based on short and medium- New engine from overseas range missiles of mainly Russian Cold War origin, such as SCUD and North Korea’s own NODONG The North Korean ICBM programme has probably design, the latest of which repeatedly failed its acquired a high-performance liquid-propellant flight tests, has been very recently joined by two engine (LPE) from a foreign source. Available new missiles, one of them in the ICBM class with evidence indicates the LPE was likely based on the the range purportedly to reach North America. Russian RD-250 family of engines first introduced This weapon has demonstrated an ability to cross in the late 1960s and modified to act as a booster mainland Japan in test flights of over 2,000 miles by the North Koreans. The RD-250 has been before plunging into the Pacific Ocean. With an used as a booster for Soviet and Russian rockets altered trajectory, the Hwong14 should be able to for some time and an unknown number of these reach some targets in North America and threaten engines were probably acquired through illicit the US Navy base on Guam. Although other nuclear channels in Russia or Ukraine, likely in the past armed countries, such as India and Pakistan, are couple of years. This would have provided a more building and testing intermediate range missiles, reliable alternative to their indigenous engines, none has progressed to ICBMs in such a short time. with their propensity to fail. North Korea tested a The North Koreans are also progressing with design large LPE in September 2016 followed by another

18 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 Phoenix7777 ground test in March 2017, and launched its new ICBM in May, which flew on a steep trajectory and reached a peak of 2,000km. Had it flown a lower trajectory, the US base at Guam would have been vulnerable. Further confidence-building tests by the North Koreans followed, including two-stage IRBM tests in July with a high trajectory flight pattern. Independent verification confirmed that with different trajectories the two-stage missiles would have qualified as ICBMs. North Korea’s latest missile test took place on 31 November and involved a Hwasong 15 ICBM, claimed to be the most powerful yet. It has a reach of 8,000miles, bringing Washington and London Recent North Korean missile launches over Japan. within range although its first test saw it fly no further than 600miles, landing in the Sea of Japan. The US reacted by calling on China to cut off oil that his regime faces total destruction will not work. supplies to North Korea in a bid to deny access to A limited military strike, or a full-scale invasion resources supporting the North’s weapons program. would likely result in savage fighting in the Korean However, Russia’s Foreign Minister has rejected this, Peninsula against the massive North Korean Army, alleging America is trying to provoke North Korea. which is already in position to inflict as many as North Korean leaders also showed off the latest a million casualties on South Korea’s capital, with mobile transporter/erector/launcher for their long- its huge arsenal of conventional and chemical range missiles. weapons. The North Korean nuclear bomb test of 3 The US military has deployed the land-based September, their sixth and closely following the 28 Terminal High Altitude Air Defence System August launch of an intermediate range ballistic (THAAD) to shoot down ballistic missiles. The missile over Japan’s northern island, raised North system picks up the threat on radar, identifies and Korean menace to a new level. Although press tracks missiles. An interceptor missile is fired at reports claimed the device had a 100 kiloton yield eight times the speed of sound and an altitude there is insufficient information to verify claims by of some 90 miles and the kill vehicle destroys the North that this was a ‘perfect hydrogen bomb’. the enemy missile by impact. Also in the Pacific The close sequencing of the two events was almost is the US Navy’s 7th Fleet Battle Group. This too certainly intended to encourage the decoupling of is equipped for ballistic missile defence, with a the US from its Asian allies by developing an ICBM number of ships carrying the Aegis SM 3 missile reliably capable of delivering a nuclear warhead system. The SM 3 missile is capable of being to targets in North America. Intelligence sources deployed on land and at sea, and the US has begun believe the devices tested by the North so far are deployment of advanced versions as part of a NATO more likely early stage hydrogen bombs, as the ABM system with two sites so far, in Romania North Korean missile and bomb programmes are and Poland. The Romanian site has very recently regarded as ‘work in progress’. For example, it is gone operational, the first to do so. Japan has also almost certain the North has not yet mastered the deployed the THAAD system and South Korea is re-entry technologies to reliably deliver their missiles receiving it. to targets. Nevertheless, they have made impressive In addition to THAAD and AEGIS missile progress, although Japanese TV reports claim as defences, which are designed against the shorter many as 200 workers could have been killed after a range threats, stopping ICBMs would require tunnel under construction at North Korea’s nuclear America’s $40bn Mid-Course Ground Defence test site collapsed. System (GMD). This has 34 large interceptor missiles at Vandenberg and Fort Greely in Alaska. Options against North Korea They should be able to fire interceptors from silos which would take out ICBMs with kill vehicles THE THREAT So what are the options for action against designed to destroy missiles outside the Earth’s Pyongyang? The war of threats between President atmosphere. However, the system has never been OF A NUCLEAR Trump and Kim’s regime is setting global nerves used in action and critics claim it is seriously flawed. WAR IN EAST on edge. The threat of a nuclear war in East Asia If any North Korean missiles threatened the US ASIA HAS has become alarmingly real. But what courses or its allies, these ABM systems would be activated BECOME of action are available to prevent this hysterical to attempt to destroy them. However, as they rhetoric reaching a devastating climax? Military have not yet been used in a live fire situation their ALARMINGLY options are very limited and unrealistic. Telling Kim probability of success, especially against multiple REAL

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2018 19 DEFENCE NORTH KOREAN STRATEGIC NUCLEAR THREAT North Korea’s missile threat Thermonuclear Bomb CHINA On September 3, 2017, 조선전략적핵무력건설 North Korea tested a staged thermonuclear Punggye-ri weapon that exploded Nuclear Test Site with a force equivalent to a few hundred kilotons of TNT. NORTH Musudan-ri KOREA Missile Test Site threats, is unknown. If an interception failed it Sohae Space Launch Yongbyon Nuclear would undermine US credibility. If it was successful Science Center Sinpo South Center Naval Shipyeard A B it would almost definitely lead to conflict. North Wonsan C Pyongyang D Korea’s next move would be unpredictable and the E Hawaii US, in the absence of ‘traditional’ deterrent theory Guam F G SOUTH H actions by North Korea, would face the risk of a KOREA rapidly escalating nuclear exchange.

Diplomacy vs North Korea For more resources on North Korea, please visit: Further sanctions are being imposed on North www.nti.org/northkorea Korea, but are unlikely to work. It may only serve Source: James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies; to make North Korea feel more threatened. A Nuclear Threat Initiative. A B B C D E F G H ‘Double Freeze’, whereby the US and South Korea November 2017 KN-02 Scud B/C/ER KN-11/15 Nodong Musudan KN-17 KN-14 KN-20 KN-08 suspended all military manoeuvres in exchange for Funded by Created by . 화성-5/6/9 북극성-1/2 화성-7 화성-10 화성-12 . 화성-14 화성-13

dialogue with the North and suspension of nuclear 120 km 300-1,000 km 1,000 km 1,300 km 3,200 km 4,500+ km 10,000 km 10,400 km 11,500 km Initiative Nuclear Threat weapons tests, may be more realistic, as the West and its allies seek to step back from the brink. From September 2017, further sanctions agreed by the UN are being imposed to restrict North Korean oil supplies to 500,000 barrels per year, an 86% reduction on previous imports. However, Donald Trump is already accusing China of allowing more oil than permitted into North Korea with over 30 ship-to-ship transfers since October, mostly in international waters. Talking to China about a freeze proposal backed by Russia, China, Republic of Korea and the US will be necessary to break any logjam concerning further North Korean nuclear tests. This ‘Grand Bargain’ with Communist China would see Washington recognise North Korea diplomatically, provide economic aid to the North and eventually lead to a draw-down of US forces in South Korea. The threat of all those North Korean conventional forces and up to 60 nuclear weapons, perhaps ready for use against the South, should be a powerful incentive. The US and Communist China, the two leading players,

are still a long way from a deal on this and there is North state media Korea much bargaining to be done, including with other A North Korean missile and mobile launcher. regional powers. But President Trump is nothing if not audacious in his foreign policy declarations and Henry Kissinger, a voice from the past who helped steer Washington’s reprise with Mao’s China in the 1970s, has once again been seen in the White House, apparently advising the new President behind the scenes. The view of most commentators is that diplomacy must be given every chance of success but there remain many problems to resolve. North Korea has now agreed to send skaters and cheerleaders to the Winter Olympics next month and appears to be seeking a friendlier relationship with South Korea. However, a great deal of scepticism remains over the North’s motives and they have made clear that nuclear weapons are not on the agenda at present. The US ambassador to the UN has also made clear that Kim’s regime may be planning more missile tests. Consequently, we all have to await US Navy developments to see how far with respect to de- The USS Fitzgerald tests missile defence systems designed to intercept ballistic escalating tensions the North is willing to go. missiles in flight.

20 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 AIRSHOW PREVIEW 2018 Singapore Air Show

Look East Singapore Air Show

The biennial Singapore Air Show is the leading international aerospace showcase in the Asia-Pacific region. BILL READ FRAeS looks at what to expect from the 2018 exhibition.

his month sees the 2018 Singapore with a Bombardier Challenger 350 and Global Air Show. Held every two years, the 6000 and Gulfstream G280, G550 and G650 Singapore Show is a leading showcase business jets. The Royal Australian Air Force will be for civil and military aerospace represented by an RAAF EA-18G Growler, P-8A manufacturers, operators, suppliers and Poseidon and E-7A Wedgetail. Tair forces from both the Asia-Pacific region and Unconfirmed additional aircraft on display around the world. may include examples of a V-22, F-35, C-17, Details of the size of this year's event are still ATR regional turboprop, as well as fighters and being compiled but the previous show in 2016 helicopters. hosted 1,040 exhibitors from 48 countries and was There will be flying displays every day between visited by 48,229 people from 143 countries 6-8 February with aerobatic displays from the RSAF The 2018 show will be held from Tuesday 6 F-15SG and F-16C, Royal Thai Air Force Gripen, February-Sunday 11 February, the first four days ROKAF Black Eagles’ T-50s, French Air Force Rafale, The AEROSPACE being for trade visitors and the last two for the Indonesian Air Force Jupiter KT-1B Aerobatic Team, team will be at the general public. RMAF Su-30 MKM and USAF F-16. 2018 Singapore Show Exhibiting companies include Honda Jet, This year’s show will have a special theme, as reporting on the event Bombardier, Gulfstream, Viking Air, Embraer, Airbus, 2018 also marks the 50th anniversary of the Republic with live tweets and daily Textron, CATIC, Lockheed Martin, Honeywell and of Singapore Air Force (RSAF). blogs. Daily air show Boom Supersonic. The 2018 show will include a news reports will be start-up and innovation showcase for companies Conference call available to view on the involved in such new technologies as data analytics, Insight blog on www. augmented reality, composites and additive The day before the official opening of the show aerosociety.com while manufacturing. will see two one-day conferences, the Singapore those on Twitter can Airshow Aviation Leadership Summit (SAALS) and follow @AeroSociety Aircraft on show the A*STAR Aerospace Technology Leadership and use the hashtag Forum. #SGAirshow. Editor-in- As AEROSPACE went to press, details of the There will also be several short conferences Chief Tim Robinson will aircraft on display on the static park were still being held during the show, including the Emerging be tweeting live on compiled but those which had been confirmed are Technologies and Innovation Business Forum, @RAeSTimR and the Airbus A350-1000, Bombardier CSeries 300 the Aviation Business Forum and the Singapore Deputy Editor Bill Read and Q400 regional turboprop, Dornier 328 together Airshow Aero Campus. on @RAeSBillR.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2018 21 DEFENCE RAF Reaper UAV culture Xxxxxxxxx

Eyes on the prize MoD

They may not put themselves in physical harm’s way but RAF Reaper crews are overdue recognition for potential risk to mental well-being and professionalism after ten years of high-tempo operations, argues an academic after a groundbreaking study of UK drone personnel. TIM ROBINSON reports.

hould UAV pilots receive medals? That was Recognition denied? Sensor footage from one of the intriguing questions on remote a precision strike as a RAF Reaper crew fire a warfare raised by Dr Peter Lee, giving Whether you agree or disagree, Lee noted that it Hellfire missile to disrupt a fascinating insight at a RAF Museum was ironical in the choice of footage selected by a public ISIS execution Trenchard lecture at the Royal Aeronautical the UK MoD to release to accompany news of the in Operation Shader in SSociety HQ on the 19 October. Lee, a University striking of an Operation Shader medal for British 2017. of Portsmouth Reader in Politics and Ethics and forces deployed in the fight against Deash (or ISIS) Assistant Director (Academic) at Royal Air Force was from ‘the only people NOT getting recognised’. College Cranwell, has been given unrivalled access He pointed out that the imagery widely used to RAF Reaper operators and, to date, has conducted – a sensor video of a public ISIS execution being around 80 in-depth interviews with the force and disrupted when a RAF Reaper fired a Hellfire at the their families. He thus is an expert on the emerging sniper on the roof, was ironically carried out by crews military culture, ethics and ethos in this new world of that, under MoD current rules, are not allowed to remote UAV warfare – where precision strikes can receive the Operation Shader medal as they are not be made from a human sitting in an air-conditioned ‘deployed’. This, he said, leads to an illogical situation container in Nevada or Waddington, hundreds or where a ‘bottle-washer’ in Cyprus is eligible for a thousands of miles away from the target. medal, yet a crew carrying out a vital precision strike While an asymmetric terrorist attack on Reaper using air power against ISIS is not. personnel or their families in the UK or US cannot Lee observed that he thought that this would be ruled out, the distance and comparatively physical be somewhat of a bitter joke to Reaper crews safety that the crews enjoy on their missions has that “their great handiwork was being held up as caused resistance in some quarters to the idea that the reason for getting medals – except you’re not drone pilots should receive medals. Is this fair? getting any”.

22 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 Lee points out that, despite the growth in UAV pilot, for example, coming from a fighter/strike operations and their importance over the past decade background, will have a different view of the UAV’s or so, there has been ‘suspicion in some quarters’ in main mission that, say a Nimrod rear-crew member, the RAF over the Reaper force – and whether it is the who may have spent years hunting submarines as thin end of the wedge of an ‘unmanned’ future. He ‘needle in haystacks’ and may see Reaper as merely observes that, although there are now RPAS ‘wings’ THERE transferring that ISR skill to hunting insurgents. for those operators coming into the force without a HAS BEEN This dual role of ISR/Strike also influences ‘manned’ aircraft background, these RPAS(P) brevets, ‘SUSPICION where the RAF Reaper forces sit in the wider air first instituted in 2013, are subtly coloured blue – force organisation (combat or support?) and thus setting them apart from other aircrew. IN SOME how commanders and decision-makers perceive it There are other distinctions too. RPAS(P)s do not QUARTERS’ IN too. Certainly the role of ISR/strike is not that novel get flying pay, which he says sometimes means that THE RAF OVER (contact patrols in WW1, armed recce in WW2) but the lowest paid person in the Reaper GCS, is the one the extended persistence and sniper-like precision that may actually have the most responsibility. This THE REAPER killing seems to hint that a unique Reaper (and pay gap, notes Lee, does not go unremarked on in FORCE – AND future Protector) culture will emerge – especially the military banter typical in squadrons. WHETHER IT when RPAS(P) operators, without prior manned Another anomaly is that, while Reapers are IS THE THIN aircraft background, come to dominate. normally flown with a three-person crew (‘pilot’, Reaper culture is still emerging and the sensor operator and mission intelligence co-ordinator END OF THE graduation of the first RAF Reaper QWIs in late MIC), there is no brevet or badge for the MIC – a role WEDGE OF AN 2017 will again feed into the squadrons developing that combines supervisor, target authorisation and ‘UNMANNED’ their own UAV ethos. legal oversight. Lee contrasts this with other aircrew FUTURE The question ‘What is Reaper for?’ can also, says roles in the RAF that usually deserve a ‘half brevet’, Lee, be applied to the political level What is it for such as navigator, air gunner, loadmaster etc. politicians or the Prime Minister? It also, says Lee, This latest oversight, is not a one-off but part echos an earlier political and institutional debate from of a wider military trend that still sees RPAS as ‘not proper flying’. As Lee argues – the view that UAVs will somehow ‘lessen’ the essence of the RAF depends if it’s the RAF’s role to go flying (as a kind of glorified flying club, that view may be valid) but, if it is to deliver effects using the air or deliver airpower, then the answer is no. Will that change, if a future CAS ever wears RPAS(P) wings? MoD

the RAF’s history in the 1920s – ‘What’s the RAF for?‘ and ‘What is bombing for?’ – where the founder The film Eye in of the service, Lord Trenchard faced these questions in a political environment that featured austerity and the Sky may have big defence cuts. Sounds familiar? been fiction, but RPAS(P) wings mark UAV operators apart from ‘crewed’ it did illustrate Watching and waiting platforms. the back-end Intimacy with the enemy, watching them go about supervision of their daily business, then ending their life is not, of ISR or strike? UAV operators. course, unique to armed UAV operators. Snipers have been a feared presence on the battlefield Coupled with the lack of external recognition of since the invention of the rifled gun and that role the RAF Reaper force, Lee also laid out there is demands a certain outlook on the target. However, internal confusion, as the squadron’s ethos and three things may be considered novel here. culture evolves. The dual role of the Reaper (large First is that the sniper also risked death himself amounts of surveillance, followed by precision (or herself in the case of Russian female snipers) strikes) means that the perception of ‘What is in sneaking through the lines to find the enemy Reaper for?’ sometimes depends on the operators officer to stalk and kill. Though, as noted above, and their personal background. A Harrier or Jaguar asymmetric attacks on Reaper personnel and their

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2018 23 MoD Lee argues that the advent of Reaper and RPAS RPAS of Reaper and argues that the advent Lee Recent press reports of zero civilian casualties officers or decision-makers to attempt to use a ‘long attempt to use a ‘long decision-makers to officers or to micro-manage operations. screwdriver’ power “the biggest paradigm ops represents for air that: “I don’t think adding shift since the ‘20s”, since has asked so many anything that happened maybe the nuclear one) as questions, (apart from Reaper does today.” ‘Empathy’ as a UAV operator core operator core UAV ‘Empathy’ as a value? Yet, paradoxically, it may be the intimacy of long- it may be the intimacy paradoxically, Yet, and a drive for term surveillance of enemies that perhaps are the biggest zero-civilian casualties the drivers of a distinct ‘Reaper’ crew culture with notes that an incident in 2011 in which Lee RAF. UKfour civilians were accidentally killed by a still burns keenly in the RAFReaper in Afghanistan he says, had a “profound effect” Reaper force. This, to the Reaper force and is “THE thing that drives (civilian the care, the obsession with Zero CIVCAS you can never guarantee this, In war, casualties”. of RAFhe says, but this has “shaped the culture” Reaper squadrons. caused by the RAF dropping 3,400 bombs in Iraq and Syria since the start of anti-ISIS ops in 2014 that have provoked scepticism in some quarters this sort of air campaign is impossible. However, and the overall low his research listening to Lee, over rate of kinetic strikes (3,400 guided weapons dropped three years compared to 6,000+ munitions then in just over a month in Desert Storm in 1991), reasons to doubt this boastthere may be few from Indeed, the former RAF commander of MoD so far. speaking Air Cdre Jonny Stringer, Operation Shader, media in January added much-needed to defence nuance to this claim saying he was “Not aware of any civilian casualties” but it was “entirely possible If so, he that something could come to light”. promised, any credible reports would be investigated

MoD Finally, there is an underappreciated feature of of feature there is an underappreciated Finally, Second is that, on most occasions in the past, Second is that, on most occasions in the past, this has been on a recognised battlefield or conflict. this has been on a recognised battlefield reality of non-front lines means that the Today, Reaper crews may observe and become familiar and close family in a children wife, with the target’s a clear domestic setting days or even weeks before shot is taken. as you are drone operations – the fact that, as much you someone else, others can be watching watching at work via your HD “One of the things video feed. unique to the RAF of Reaper force, is the extent impacts. has psychological This says Lee. scrutiny,” as the power of being under observation Much behaviour (tips in (or hidden cameras) changes so restaurants go up, lost money is retrieved), too are RAF by Reaper crews actions changed or the perception that they either being watched downside of are under constant observation. The this, of course, is that this can encourage senior families can not be ruled out, the physical risk is of families can not be ruled out, the physical far lower. course far,

DEFENCE culture RAF Reaper UAV

AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 Does watching your Does watching enemies over a long period heighten the emotional impact of having to kill them? CREWS SHOULD BE DIRECT ABOUT THEY WHAT TO DO HAVE – KILL PEOPLE USING ... EUPHEMISMS FOR KILLING, ONLY NOT DEHUMANISES THE ENEMY, BUT ALSO DEHUMANISES THE OPERATOR 24 fully, adding that “sunlight is the best disinfectant”. is actually subtly causing operators to reassert Lee notes that the UK has different RoE (rules and define their humanity in new ways. They are of engagement) to both the USAF (white) and CIA watching but their actions are also being watched, (black) armed drones but that the public (and anti- assessed and monitored themselves live and this drone activists) “Doesn’t care too much about the may also be changing their behaviour. minutiae of rules of engagement”. If HD video transmitted over thousands of Lee admits that, as a civilian, he is not privy to miles brings you closer to your enemy, is it any the fine details of RAF Reaper RoEs but that he has wonder, perhaps, that you may view your targets witnessed the “ethos, practice and obsession of the differently, than perhaps a fast jet pilot who may just RAF Reaper force over the past few years and that be dropping a JDAM on a grid reference, before is the pursuit of zero CIVCAS”. He suggests that, for departing to the tanker? Long-term, no one knows a friendly force pinned downed under heavy fire from what the mental cost on these ongoing, high- a compound where there may be noncombatants intensity operations will be to Reaper crews. Lee present, the priority and assessment of risk may be argues that rotation into other jobs may be useful different depending on whether a RAF or USAF for crews as a break from the operational tempo, Reaper is on station – thanks to different RoEs – and which follows a different pattern to crewed aircraft different perceptions of political risks. of work-up, deployment and then return to the UK. Oddly, this overwhelming drive to protect the However, while he notes the pressures, innocent (while ruthlessly eliminating valid targets) he dismisses the view that UAV operators are might even be bringing out the humanity of these all burned-out wrecks. Some, he noted, have pioneers of remote warfare. During his lecture, Lee adapted perfectly and have been able to operate described free word associations he carried out with continuously, for five-six years, with seemingly no the RAF Reaper force in getting them to describe ill-effects. How do these individuals cope? the ethos and values of the force. Among the many replies, which might apply to any RAF ‘manned’ aircraft squadron: ‘professionalism, excellence, moral courage etc’ a couple of responses stood out – ‘empathy’ and ‘family’. Do these words hint that the remote warriors of tomorrow somehow may be more sensitive or empathetic than traditional military pilots? Is technology somehow increasing their humanity, rather than dehumanising them – or does this just reflect a shift in wider society? Certainly, Lee stresses that crews should be direct about what they have to do – kill people. He argues that using euphemisms for killing, not only dehumanises the enemy but also dehumanises the operator. Far better, morally, he argues, that GA-ASI any mental anguish afterwards is ‘owned’ and accepted as the ‘price to pay’ for keeping one’s With the RAF armed Lee makes a powerful argument that RAF essential humanity. Recognising that the Reaper drone force to double Reaper crews should get some sort of medal – not force is tasked to kill people is also another strong with Protector, how will only for their operational effectiveness but also for argument for the Government ‘owning’ the decision this influence squadron the potential risk to their psychological well-being of to use lethal force and to recognise the people it culture? watching and carrying out killings in HD video. Any asks to carry this job out, whether they are inside a mental trauma will not be as great as experiencing, jet cockpit at 30,000ft, or sat in a cabin at 0ft. bloodshed up close and personal through all the senses but the intimacy caused by persistent Summary surveillance of targets and enemies could well have longer-term effects. In short, Dr Lee’s ground-breaking research into the Additionally, the initial official MoD Whitehall RAF Reaper force, to be published in an upcoming response to RAF Reaper operations, to cover them book shows that the crews are neither Mr Spock- in a cloak of secrecy and push it under the carpet like emotionless robots, nor hyper-caffeinated video has now caused more problems than it solved – game teenagers aiming to rack up a high score emboldening critics and undermining public support. in kills. They, like others in the RAF, are humans A medal to the RAF Reaper force would therefore with families, friends and an extremely difficult be a recognition that Government recognises and job which they carry out with skill, precision and ‘owns’ this decision to kill strangers at a distance. professionalism. For what the country asks them to do to Paradoxically listening to Lee’s lecture, it safeguard others, they should at least be recognised may well be that this new era of remote warfare in some way.

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Embracing Airbus change and disruption In a fast-changing world, what does the UK need to do to retain its position as a global centre for aerospace excellence? Professor HERVÉ MORVAN* FRAeS provides a summary of the inaugural Aerospace Technology Institute (ATI) conference, held in November.

H ervé Mo rv It is not the strongest of the species that survives, an community present (and it was a strong presence). nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that This is not to say that the political landscape does is most adaptable to change. not affect aerospace (the sector is a global one, Charles Darwin with a need for mobility, talent and frictionless trade, and it has made its views clear, notably through his first ATI Conference (28-29 channels such as ADS Group) but technological November 2017 at the NEC in futures and a self-check about what we do about Birmingham) was a good opportunity to and how we prepare for tomorrow were the real hear from global aerospace leaders on issues discussed and were placed centre stage. a range of topics, from market dynamics *Professor Hervé Morvan is The vibe was very positive and there was a sense Tto new materials and manufacturing technologies. Associate PVC for Innovation, of excitement and purpose in the room throughout, Two topics really stood out: electrification and Business Engagement which was refreshing – this is a mobilised disruption, which figured highly on the agenda and and Impact, the Director community. in the discussions among the 300 or so delegates. of the University Institute for Aerospace Technology It also was a good reflection of two events closely (IAT) and the Head of Group Airbus’ big picture: learning by leading up to the conference: the UK Government’s for the Gas Turbine and doing announcement of its industrial strategy and the Transmissions Research joint press conference by Airbus, Rolls-Royce and Centre, home to the Rolls- On Day One, Mark Cousin, Head of Flight Royce Transmissions UTC. Siemens about their collaboration on and plans for He is also a Professor of Demonstrators at Airbus, took to the stage to the E-Fan X hybrid-electric demonstrator. Applied Fluid Mechanics, a present Airbus’ vision for electric flight across a Brexit was left aside, in the main, and there was FRAeS and a Director of the range of increasing challenges but also across the a general sense of purpose and a real ‘buzz’ in the Midlands Aerospace Alliance different vehicles the group is developing. Seeing (MAA).

26 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 Disrupting the disrupters – the Airbus CityAirbus urban mobility electric VTOL is one of many ‘flying car’ projects aiming to revolutionise aerial transport. UAC

this landscape presented holistically and seeing  The excellent economic analysis by James the company technological and integration stages McMicking, ATI’s Chief Strategy Officer, projecting articulated in one presentation provided that one the clear difference and benefit that investment in The rise of new aerospace powers with projects such important moment, early on in the conference, that aerospace industrial strategy is making, with the as China’s C929 presents signaled the turn the industry is taking. It ‘gelled’. scope of retaining, and in fact increasing, its second competitive challenges and Demonstration through prototyping of position in the world as an aerospace economy. co-operative opportunities to concepts is something Paul Eremenko, the now- Though aerospace was perhaps a little forgotten as existing players. departed Airbus CTO, has actively put forward in part of the UK Industrial Strategy announcement his 17-month tenure at Airbus. This, alongside the on 27 November, the evidence presented by James notion of risk taking and being able to learn and highlighted the significance of aerospace for the move fast (perhaps something Paul had brought country and projected the current benefits and with him from DARPA where it is more part of the further opportunities of continuing to back a winner accepted culture), would also come, time and again, (See Figure 1.) over the next two days. It is worth elaborating further on James McMicking’s talk and on Figure 1. Challenging the status quo The potential for technology and enterprise- based disruption in aerospace is growing. The keynotes on Day One set the scene well early Electrification could deliver hybrid turbo-electric on for what was to come. propulsion solutions and usher in a new generation Beyond this ‘opening ceremony’, two talks struck of aircraft architectures. Today’s computing, a chord for the punch they carried: communications and artificial intelligence technology already allows for autonomous flight, if  That of Russ Dunn, SVP Engineering and it were permitted, and we also see the associated Technology at GKN Aerospace, not least for the opportunities in supporting high-value design.

Airbus quality of its delivery, challenging us to embrace Disruption is not just about technology, the today’s opportunities, knowledge and technologies. competitive landscape is changing too. For example, Consequently it also challenged the community China will enter the twin-aisle segment in the next to re-think design, from materials to optimisation decade, with a significant push already evident, and manufacture (and vice versa, as part of a while a multitude of start-ups are targeting global two-way journey; eg: specify and design a material congestion challenges with new solutions for urban for a specific end function in a system) in one mobility. This begs a question: is UK aerospace seamless, integrated and holistic manner. In positioned to succeed in light of such change? addition it challenged eliminating compromises; and The ATI recently released a paper ‘The economic particularly challenged why we would continue to impact of aerospace industrial strategy’, aimed at deploy conservative design processes developed addressing this question. The ATI’s model includes by our predecessors when we have far more a detailed breakdown of aircraft platforms that knowledge and capability available to us to be allow alternative future supply chain scenarios to be more effective and reduce the significant effects of appraised. The paper presents two scenarios (one cumulated margins. with current government support for the industry, the

Figure 1. UK Aerospace (Civil & Defence) projected GVA (£m) – ATI Projections Presented November 2017.

AEROSPACE GROSS VALUE ADD (GVA) TO UK ECONOMY OVER NEXT 20 YEARS (WITH SPILLOVERS) £114bn CURRENT PROJECTIONS £180bn POTENTIAL ATI

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2018 27 AEROSPACE ATI Conference report

other without) and concludes that today’s measures could be delivering an economic impact to the sector worth £57bn in Gross Value Add (GVA) over 20 years. This impact is doubled at the level of the whole economy when accounting for spillovers; that is £114bn over 20 years. The paper hints at the potential to go further, shown in Figure 1, which was presented for the first time at the conference. In his talk, James McMicking explored a ATI more ambitious path for the UK, indicating that the industry could reasonably stretch for a consequently emerged in many discussions: further £33bn GVA in the 20-year period (and a full £180bn to the UK economy in total when Are we able and allowed to trial and fail enough, accounting for spillovers) that would see the UK and fast enough, in the current R&T framework? capture a further 3% of the global aerospace market by 2035. Achieving this third scenario would  Do we quickly close projects which fail and learn require further investment in technology, high-value from them? (And how do we learn from them?) As design capabilities and supply chain productivity. noted above, DARPA has a more aggressive and The discussions on disruption continued into positive attitude to failure, which prompted a third Day 2 and away from the plenary sessions. It is question: apparent that the industry is alert to the opportunity and risk of disruption, though it is finding its way  How do we introduce a greater element of this as about how it will respond. These require new we look to the next aerospace revolution in the UK? appraisals and there are clear opportunities for all, ARE WE ABLE (And how do we change attitudes?) including new entrants. AND ALLOWED Here, we were particularly reminded of the TO TRIAL AND Connectivity, talent and diversity as capability and vibrancy of the UK start-up scene FAIL ENOUGH, key ingredients to success by the Digital Catapult speaker, something the sector could exploit more. There are also risks but AND FAST Connectivity and partnerships, including with the need to be able and agile enough to respond, ENOUGH, universities, is more important than ever, as the and thereafter to continue to lead, are essential IN THE sector needs to re-invent itself on the technology here. Prof Rob Miller, Cambridge Whittle Lab, front but also to adapt to changes to come, reminded us that those who succeed are those who CURRENT R&T including those that will affect their access to other develop and adopt technology faster. Two questions FRAMEWORK? parts of the world and to talent. This is where the

Airbus, Rolls-Royce and Siemens are aiming to accelerate development of hybrid-electric airliners with the E-Fan X demonstrator, set to fly in 2020. Airbus

24 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 Reaction Engines

political and legal players have a key role to play too This vibe made a difference from the perhaps, What opportunities might to best prop the UK and its businesses, and allow doom and gloom we seem to have around and in emerge in the coming age them to deliver their part of the brief outlines above. the news. Let us hope it reverberates and reaches of hypersonics and space access? Diversity is another essential aspect. First of far beyond our community and industry in days and all, the sector needs to attract new disciplines, weeks to come, for it needs to be contagious to win minds and ideas to aerospace;but it also needs a fully. restructuring, to form a successful technology and To succeed, the UK and the aerospace delivery matrix. In this process, the gender balance sector need to revisit and disrupt some of its and inclusion agendas need addressing, as the processes, starting with R&T but also its design Institute of Directors rightly reminded us of on New processes. It needs to be open to change and Year’s Day. active collaborations across sectors and scales, An excellent initiative from the organisation prepare for it and look to capitalise on new market brought a range of backgrounds to the conference, opportunities and new entrants, including the start- which contributed well to challenging thinking and up scene. It needs a diversity of talent, be attractive the status quo and initiating the new ‘melting pot’ and have access to it and it needs to be ready to culture outlined in the previous paragraph. The trial, fail fast and learn faster, to take full advantage Digital Catapult provided a very apt intervention of breakthroughs and new market opportunities. and reminded us of the vibrancy of the UK Digital This is going to be critical to its long term trajectory. (startup) scene, with great examples of VR design Some of these changes will deliver novel and AI and machine learning applications. It was architectures and solutions led by the UK. These will also good to see the stronger link forming between also require changes in the design and certification EPSRC and ATI to address the change agenda rule book, for which activities such as those by and Phil Nelson gave a strong talk in support of Airbus, Rolls-Royce and Siemens will play a major the essential role of engineering science research part. behind discovery and innovation in/for the sector but also in training future research leaders. Finally as the conference closed, Ruth Mallors-Ray gave a passionate talk on gender and integration. As noted before, there was a real sense of purpose and alignment emerging, for which I have employed the term ‘gelling’ a couple of times now, and it feels that no stone was left unturned in this packed two-day event.

Summary

Change and disruption were key words to characterise the event but there was a general positive vibe and sense of purpose in the community in attendance which was good to see too These are exciting times and the community seems ready to embrace the ‘new ways we [will need to] do things,’ as Paul Stein, Rolls-Royce’s CTO, noted in his address. Airbus Rolls-Royce

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook.com www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 25 DEFENCE F-35B Test Pilot Interview Inside F-35B flight test BAE Systems Later this year, the first Lockheed Martin F-35B will land on HMS Queen Elizabeth – a key milestone in the return of RN Carrier Strike. TIM ROBINSON catches up with RAF F-35B test pilot, Sqn Ldr ANDY EDGELL (UK MoD First of Class Flight Trials (FOCFT) Lead Test Pilot), as he and the F-35B Integrated Test Force prepare for the culmination of a decade plus of flight test and engineering development.

t has been a long and winding road but this AEROSPACE: Where are we now in the F-35B year should mark two historic milestones for flight test campaign? UK military aviation. The first is the return of Sqn Ldr Andy Edgell: Last year we completed RAF 617Sqn from the US to RAF Marham as Phase Two of the ski-jump testing at Pax River. the first UK-based stealth fighter squadron – Phase One was started in 2015 and that was Iopening a new chapter in British aviation history. ultimately the de-risking phase to make sure all The second, scheduled for the fourth quarter of this the models and predictions were correct, or at year, will see Lockheed Martin F-35Bs land and least as close as they needed to be to progress to take-off from HMS Queen Elizabeth (QEC) for the Phase Two. Phase One was incredibly successful The F-35B/QEC integration first time – a historic event in return of ‘big decks simulator at BAE Systems in that it identified an area where the models and fast jets’ to the UK military. (See Countdown to Warton is playing a key role needed to be updated. They duly were and then Carrier Strike, AEROSPACE, October 2017). by allowing F-35B test pilots we embarked on Phase Two in 2017 over a few We caught up with Squadron Leader Andy to push the aircraft to the months. We conducted over 100 ski-jump launches Edgell (UK MoD First of Class Flight Trials edge of the envelope and in nine different weapons configurations and the construct a safety case and (FOCFT) Lead Test Pilot) during a recent visit to flight test plan. summary from Phase Two was that there is ‘nothing’ BAE Systems Warton where, along with his other significant to report. As flight testers, ‘nothing colleagues in the joint US/UK ITF at Paxtutent significant’ to report from Phase Two is as good as River, Cdr Steve Crockatt (RN and Team Leader), it gets. Ultimately it proved the whole concept of the Cdr Nath Gray (RN), Sqn Ldr Ben Hullah (RAF) and de-risking phase three years ago, followed by the Pete ‘Wizzer’ Wilson (BAE Systems), they are now intense Phase Two as the right path, because we working to explore the most challenging parts of the are now ready for first class flight trials, envelope and prepare for F-35B/QEC trials with At Pax River’s ski-jump we did the full range

one of the world’s most advanced flight simulators. BAE Systems of asymmetric stores, the full range of gross

30 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 As FOCFT Sqn Ldr Edgell is at the epicentre of a vast flight test and engineering effort to get the F-35B ready for flight trials on HMS Queen Elizabeth aircraft carrier later this year.

weights, the full range of centre of gravities, the full AEROSPACE: What does a typical flight test day range of headwinds, and crosswinds that we can look like for an ITF F-35 test pilot? reasonably expect to get from a fixed ski-jump. Of AE: The first thing to say about a typical day at the course there are limitations. The ski-jump at Pax ITF is there is no typical day at the ITF at all. They River points in a certain direction that’s not going IN MY FIRST are incredibly variable, the thing is that every day is to change. Realistically you cannot expect to get diverse because every line of testing is diverse. 50kt of headwind and you can’t expect to get the HOVER IN The following day, you may have a 6:30 brief to level of crosswind that you need so, within reason, THE F-35 I ensure that we are airborne, full of fuel and ready we tested the full range that was available to us. SAT THERE AT to get into our allocated range space for a missile For outside of that range, that’s why we use this THAT MOMENT, shot test. So you come in for a 6:30 brief, a brief simulator at BAE Systems Warton. ordinarily of a complex mission will be somewhere AND LOOKED between 45 minutes and maybe an hour thirty. Once AEROSPACE: Give us a sense of how much pre- AROUND, briefed, maybe you’ll get in the seat around 9:30 so planning you need for a F-35B test flight REALISED I WAS the control room is manned up. You’ve got into your AE: It could be one day that you are in the sim for STATIONARY gear, stepped to the aircraft, met your crew chief a good two or three hours with your control room and your ground crew, done the walkaround, jumped team for the following day and you are preparing IN EVERY AXIS, in the seat, flashed it up, talked to the control room, for, say an AMRAAM firing, which is a challenging AND THOUGHT they’re listening to you, you get your chase on board, condition to get to in speed, Mach and altitude and "GOODNESS so he’s started his jet up which is typically an F-18 G and so forth. What we could do is go up and and then we'll launch and we’ll go out and perform ensure we had a dedicated KC-10 to give us as GRACIOUS ME, the flight test. Flight tests can be anywhere from five much gas as we could ever desire and we could THE GUYS WHO minutes long, an airborne, turn downwind, and come incrementally determine what profile we had to fly to DESIGNED THIS in for a vertical landing that might be a test point. Or

BAE Systems actually get to the test point condition. However, that ARE ABSOLUTE it may be that you end up doing five test points, and is an enormous waste of everyone’s time and money. that might take you five hours. There is absolutely We don’t do that. We put a significant amount of GENIUSES.” no standard day in any way shape or form. advance work in the simulator. To the extent that, Sqn Ldr Andy Edgell Ultimately, you’ll come back after multiple times on by the time I get in the aircraft, I know exactly what UK MoD First of Class the tanker or multiple times through the hot pits, profile I have to fly. I know exactly what gamma, Flight Trials (FOCFT) Lead land, shut down and go for a comprehensive debrief. (talking about the descent path of the aircraft), I Test Pilot You’ll then start writing your post-flight reports, and know whether it’s a point 0.5G descent down to that F-35 Integrated Test Force then you'll start putting your mind to the next day. gamma or if it’s a 0.7G descent down to that gamma NAS Patuxent River Before you know it you’ve done 12 hours at work because I know the most efficient way to get there to ensure that I actually get to the test point. Let’s AEROSPACE: How many people are in the ITF say, on Monday you spend a significant amount of flight test ‘mission control’, monitoring your flights? time in the simulator, designing the profile, ensuring AE: For a complex mission it would not be abnormal that you’re going to run at maximum efficiency once to see anywhere from 30 to maybe 45 or 50 you actually get airborne the following day. You've engineers in the room. There’s a large oval table, got a significant test plan that you need to read and with two rows of seats down either side but the understand and you have a brief to prepare for, and team around the table is your crew. They are the you have every consideration for the following day. guys in mission control with a lead role. Then you That preparation can be one full day. have the non-lead roles of each discipline sat behind in the cheap seats. There's a seating pattern to the ITF. At the head of the table is my seat, and Sqn Ldr Edgell flies a F-35B from VX-23 ITF with two then to my right, is the Test Conductor. The TC is ASRAAM missiles. the person that you will be talking to because you’re on hot mic when you fly, so your microphone is live to whoever wants to listen to it. Your TC is your ‘partner in crime’. Next to them is the TD, which is the Test Director. The Test Director is slightly more experienced and also has a bigger picture. He’s the strategic thinker and TC is the tactical thinker. You have your TC and your TD, and then all the way around the table you have the individual disciplines. You will have engine, propulsion, fuel, hydraulics, loads and weapons, so you know exactly where to go because there are so many people on the ITF and it certainly used to be that you can’t

BAE Systems remember everyone's names. It actually can be quite

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2018 31 DEFENCE F-35B Test Pilot Interview

awkward at times but you say: “What do you think Loads?” Because you know where to look but you RAeS/NAL can’t remember their name. We endeavour to learn as many names as possible.

AEROSPACE: What sort of things could scrub a flight test mission? AE: You may find that you do a lot of that preparatory work and then you don’t actually get to go and fly. After the briefing that you’ll go back and then you carry on with your day. Without the Once in a to your pilot office where the operations room is control room you would know nothing at all. generation for as well. You'll now start looking at all of the other flight testing assets available. Is the tanker tracking on time? AEROSPACE: How does the F-35B compare to Is the range still available? Is the weather going the Harrier in terms of shipborne operations? Fifty-six years ago, on 3 to be suitable? Often something has gone awry AE: The workload comparison is a different league. February 1962, test pilot Bill Bedford landed the Hawker because there are so many external organisations, The reduction in workload is significant and I have P.1127 on HMS Ark Royal – and external factors, that the planets really do need often mentioned how, in the Harrier, the recovery the first ever vertical landing to align to get a test mission successfully off the to the carrier is something to be mindful of. It is by a fixed-wing aircraft on a ground and be successfully executed. It can be quite continuously with you throughout your combat carrier. disappointing that you can do a significant amount mission. You have one job as a pilot which is to of work and never actually get to fly the mission, go and execute the task. Whether that is close air because the tanker may have gone unserviceable, support, whether it’s defensive counter air, offensive the weather may not be supportive, something may counter air, you have a role. Your role is not to take have happened with the range space, someone off and land from the aircraft carrier. However, I may have organised a fishing competition directly would say that the percentage of your brain that is beneath the area where you want to drop a weapon occupied with the administrative task of launching and now the weather isn’t suitable with the area that from and recovering to the carrier is far greater than you're going to have to go to and you cancel. it should be. Ultimately, it should be zero, because Once airborne we are connected to the ITF that is not your role. In the Harrier, recovery in a control room via live telemetry which gives the sea state six with a heavily pitching, rolling deck engineers a frightening amount of information. is with you, and it ‘ring fences’ a certain amount Over 100 F-35B ski- So you will often find that the control room will of your mental capacity throughout and that is the jump launches have tell you some remedial action that needs to be difference between the legacy system and the F-35. been conducted at performed,and the pilot actually hasn’t got any It allows the pilot to entirely concentrate on the the Naval Air Station information that there is anything wrong with the jet mission and some people, including myself, would Patuxent River, in because, frankly, there isn't much significantly wrong then argue that post-mission you can subsequently preparation for the first with the aircraft because it has been designed to enjoy the recovery to the ship. You can marvel and sea trials with QEC later inform the pilot when something has happened that is the right word. You can sit there in the hover, this year. that he needs to respond to. So often the control having executed your operational task, and you have room will see lower level faults and they’ll ask you a moment to sit there and marvel. I will never forget to perform some remedial action just to clear these my first hover in the Harrier and I will never forget my first hover in the F-35B. My first hover in the Harrier is akin to trying to stay alive on a unicycle and I don’t think I made much of a conscious thought at the time in the hover. It was only once I managed to get her down on deck safely, and then retrospectively I thought: “How on earth did I manage that?” Whereas in my first hover in the F-35B I sat there at that moment, and looked around, realised I was stationary in every axis, and thought “Goodness gracious me, the guys who designed this are absolute geniuses.” People say it is a ‘fifth-generation aircraft’ and they are referring to it's stealth characteristics and all the nominal mission systems capabilities on board but it is also a generational advance in pure-control law flight control system, and reduction in workload for the pilot. US DoD

20 AEROSPACE / OCTOBER 2017 Left – the final goal – HMS Queen Elizabeth at sea. constraint and limitation. It is our Bible for test execution that everyone signs up to. Now we go through what we call a technical readiness review board at the ITF. You get all of the engineering leadership and military leadership to go word by word through this test plan, this massive document, and ultimately it's a ‘murder board’. What we, (in cohorts with the QEC integration team) have produced is what we honestly think is a safe MoD and efficient manner to execute the first class AEROSPACE: Why is the F-35B simulator at BAE flight trials.. If it gets through the technical murder Systems Warton needed? How realistic is it? board, then it will be signed off in the Technical AE: We are talking orders of magnitude more Readiness Review Board, and it will advance to the realistic than any simulator I’ve been in before. It Executive Review Board in the middle of March. is truly exhausting for the pilots and the engineers Every assumption, everything is analysed, the risk is because we’re not going and testing the handling truly determined and finalised. Once the test plan is qualities, the performance of the aircraft, and the approved for execution, we can say we know exactly workload induced on the pilot in benign conditions. what we have to do. We don't have to deliberate Because we’ve already done that. over any aspect of the trial anymore. We have our You always start in the middle of the envelope Bible. in flight tests. You start in the safe place where workload is low and you gradually expand out in AEROSPACE: What happens then? every direction with every variable and we find AE: Then there will be pilot readiness, pilot workup, ourselves here in the Warton sim, at the edge of all pilot qualifications, work in the simulators in Warton of those variables, where workload is significantly and at Pax River and also various workup and higher, the handling qualities are slightly degraded, training flights in the F-35B at Pax River to include purely because you are asking more and more of going off the land-based ski jump. the pilot and the aircraft. You marry that up with just That gets the pilots ready to go but we are one how realistic the simulator is. As I’ve said it before, tiny piece of an enormous puzzle and this piece it is by far, and we're talking orders of magnitude, alone is not going to execute that trial. Admittedly, more realistic than any simulator I've been in before. we are the centrepiece and that’s what people You put those together, and you’re exhausted at the like to ask about: ‘Who will be the first person to end of the day. land on the carrier?’ and ‘How would it feel to do that?’ I accept that but what I am adamant about AEROSPACE: What is left to do this year before Sqn Ldr Edgell with every interview and discussion I have is that the actual ship flight trials? performs a walk our tiny speck, our tiny piece of the puzzle in the AE: First class flight trials are less than 12 months around of an middle, is nothing. Filling up the entire puzzle, 99% away, so people assume we are starting to get our of it is everyone else. Whether that is the individual head around it. However, we are not starting to get F-35B during sea personnel on the flight deck or five decks below or our head around it now. We have been getting our trials aboard USS whether it's the engineers at Pax River or Fort Worth head around it for the best part of a decade. If you America in 2016. or Warton, the people over at Edwards on 17 Sqn, speak to some of the people on the team, their there are so many people involved in this. As test experience exceeds a decade with first of class pilots we’re just this tiny speck in the middle. flight trials and I tip my cap to the perseverance and the personal investment of many individuals. What we are doing in the sim is demonstrating or gathering the engineering evidence that we can put forth hand-in-hand with land-based ski-jumps to demonstrate that the envelope that we want to go and test this year is a safe envelope. That final envelope, our recommendation to be put into the release to service for front line operators, that will come at the end of the trial. Currently our focus right now is on digesting the Test Execution Package (TEP). This TEP has two components, it has a joint test plan and it has a test safety supplement. The joint test plan is a 300-page document. It is how we are going to embark, progress through the trial and disembark. It

has every single test point in, every single tolerance, US DoD

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook.com www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2018 33 AIR TRANSPORT Oman Air Oman Air – small but beautiful MARTYN CARTLEDGE reports from Oman on how the Sultanate’s national carrier is adapting to change in an increasingly competitive environment.

he Sultanate of Oman is the oldest Changing times independent state in the Arab world but has been rather overshadowed by The country’s aviation industry is currently going its near neighbours, only coming out through what could be termed considerable change. of self isolation in the 1970s when the The new airport currently under construction at Treigning Sultan was overthrown by his son in a Muscat is yet to open and the planned date of bloodless coup who then began a liberalisation and March this year is not one most observers feel will modernisation programme, bringing the country into be met. Both Omani airlines have also recently the modern world while at the same time keeping its had their CEOs unexpectedly resign from their own identity. posts. Salam Air’s François Boutellier left in July The nation’s airline has somewhat mirrored this 2017, not even seven months after the airline history, most of its bordering nations have national commenced operations, with Oman Air’s Paul airlines which are both well established with rich Gregorowitsch leaving in November of the same histories as well as large fleets and large worldwide year. As AEROSPACE goes to press, the airline has networks. Within 1,400km there are the home bases yet to appoint a permanent replacement. There is of Saudia, Qatar Airways, Etihad and the closest and speculation that any replacement will be an Omani possibly biggest rival, Emirates; all of these airlines national, as is the acting CEO Abdulaziz Al Raisi are now in the forefront of setting new standards of who was previously Executive Vice-President for inflight facilities and ambience. products and brand development.

Martyn Cartledge/ASP Photography

34 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 This boardroom turmoil comes against the coastlines and sweeping deserts. backdrop of an opportunity to enjoy an uplift in Its ancient trading sea port capital of Muscat traffic due to the economic blockade that has been is full of traditional, yet superb, architecture instigated on Qatar by its neighbours in Egypt, of stunning mosques and castles rising out of Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and the UAE which includes simple single-storey white-washed villas with the the suspension of air links between these countries. labyrinth like souqs full of merchants selling Omani This, in turn, has meant that anybody wishing to fly specialities like silver and frankincense to fabrics to Qatar from one of these nations will need to do and foodstuffs all surrounded by the aqua blue so via a third country with Oman and Kuwait being waters of the Gulf of Oman on one side, while perhaps the obvious choices. inland lies the striking Al-Hajar mountains. In addition to this opportunity, there has been a long standing desire to increase traffic to this rather A short history Oman Air’s new Boeing 737 different Middle Eastern country in connection with MAXs are set to enter service the country’s tourism office. Hotels, retail and leisure The airline, founded in just 1993, formed from its in early 2018 and the airline facilities are under construction to service this forerunner of Oman Aviation Services, works hand has 20 MAX 8s on order. upsurge in demand. in hand with tourist authorities in promoting the country, finding its niche with point-to-point services A different approach aimed at providing a fillip to not only the tourism industry but commercial and industrial interests However, the oil-rich countries of the Middle East as well. In fact it is one of the airline’s strategic can no longer objectives to contribute to the development of the Sultanate of Oman.

spend without thought, as decreasing oil revenues are making such

Boeing future plans not as easy as they may have seemed Initially, as Oman was one of the countries just a short time ago. served by the Pan Arabian airline Gulf Air, it took Oman therefore, like its neighbours, needs to until 2007 before the airline expanded from its diversify its economy and tourism to this previously initial regional services to Dubai and Trivandrum in hidden land where the airline can, and does, play a India, as the Omani Government at that time sold major part. In addition to increasing the numbers of its shares in Gulf Air, using the funds to recapitalise people making Oman their destination, the airline the failing national carrier and receiving 80% realised that one way to assist the country’s goal ownership in the process. In November of the was to encourage a proportion of its transit traffic same year, service to London’s Gatwick airport was to have a stay in the country rather than simply initiated using Airbus A310s. Two years later the spend time in the terminal, perhaps along the lines airline received its first A330 and new services were of Icelandair which, in conjunction with the country’s launched to Paris, Frankfurt, Munich, the Maldives tourist authorities, has seen astronomical growth and Colombo, as well as moving its London service OMAN AIR over the past few years. to Heathrow. FLEET Facing these challenges, the airline also needed 2010 was a busy year with eight new routes to do things differently than the neighbouring big as well as becoming the first airline in the world to 7 x 787 boys and, at the same time, be in keeping with offer inflight mobile phone and WiFi. The following 6 x A330-300 the country which doesn’t boast many ‘firsts’ or year saw more expansion with new routes and 4 x A330-200 ‘biggests’. strategic partnerships with both Oman Air Holidays 5 x 737-900 Oman is a country trading on its rich history, a and the Port of Salalah forming sea/air links. keen sense of identity and a chance to view and 22 x 737-800 engage with what might be termed the true Arab New beginnings? 4 x E175 world. Not through the rose-coloured spectacles of excessive wealth but traditional low-rise towns and However, in late 201,3 the airline made what was On order: Bedouin values. The country, with its welcoming expected to be a turning point in its history by hiring inhabitants call home, has an abundance of natural an experienced industry professional, albeit with a 20 x 737 beauty including spectacular mountains, pristine healthy sprinkling of good fortune. MAX 8

Martyn Cartledge/ASP Photography @aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2018 35 AIR TRANSPORT Oman Air

Oman Air Dreamliner. The airline is set to receive its eighth example this year.

Martyn Cartledge/ASP Photography

Paul Gregorowitsch, whose previous jobs had Any money that is available is going to maintaining found him taking senior management positions the Omani economy. The long-mooted route to at Martinair and airBerl,in had cause to transit the US might also be one of the casualties of this through Muscat en route back to his home in The scaling back in growth. Netherlands. Talking at a press conference to In 2016 the expansion plans were trimmed announce the new Manchester to Muscat route in line with the problems created by the fall in oil Gregorowitsch told AEROSPACE that: “Travelling prices, with the plan now for around 62 aircraft by through Muscat was planned for nothing other than 2022, rather than the original 70. This is despite the just as a transit stop.” Having been bowled over by airline increasing passenger loads by 1.3m, a rise of the country and its welcoming inhabitants, as well as 20% on 2015 figures. At the time Gregorowitsch the offer of a new job heading up the country’s flag said that the whole gulf region was (and still is) carrier, he moved both himself and his family out just in the middle of a cash shortage and: “Faces a few months later. enormous economic challenges and needs to Gregorowitsch arrived during the early stages of become more sustainable. We are forced to operate a ten-year plan which, among other things, was to more in the way of a normal, commercial business, see the airline engage in an expansion programme while remaining the national airline.” to grow itself to around 70 aircraft and 75 Prior to his departure, Gregorowitsch destinations by 2020. Not only this but there was commented that, although not known to be on the also to be the implementation of further code share cards, a merger was one possible route to becoming agreements. Currently Oman Air has a number of more financially secure. agreements mainly on routes in the Middle and Far “If we don’t want to end up like Malév or Sabena, East but also into Europe as well, although whether we need growth and that is possibly only to be it will ever join one of the global alliances is yet to had with a partner,” he said. Talking further about be seen. consolidation generally within the Gulf region: “The Meanwhile, 2015 saw the start of its ambitious current integration of the offerings of Emirates IF WE DON’T aircraft fleet expansion plans with the arrival of the with Fly Dubai, which now serves 11 destinations first Boeing 787 Dreamliner. Currently Oman Air’s on behalf of Emirates, is a good example,’’ he adds. WANT TO END fleet consists of seven Boeing 787 Dreamliners, “And I wouldn’t rule out a merger of Emirates and UP LIKE MALÉV six Airbus A330-300s, four Airbus A330-200s, five Etihad.” OR SABENA, WE Boeing 737-900s, 22 Boeing 737-800s, and four NEED GROWTH Embraer 175s.. New arrivals AND THAT Scaling back ambition Oman Air’s order for the 737 MAX is still current IS POSSIBLY and the intention is to go ahead as planned. ONLY TO BE However, the ambitious growth plan has had to However, the planned order for either the A350 be scaled back somewhat. The airline is still not in XWB or for more 787s is yet to be placed. HAD WITH A profit, having lost a reputed $300m in 2016, with The airline’s plan with new routes is not to PARTNER the forecast for a further loss in 2017. The falling find as many as it can but to open routes with a price of oil has meant that the Government is no minimum frequency of four times weekly that it Paul Gregorowitsch longer providing financial assistance meaning, the considers will move quickly to daily and then to Former CEO, Oman Air carrier has now to stand on its own undercarriage. double daily or more, so that spare capacity is

36 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 Martyn Cartledge/ASP placed on route growth before new destinations. Service Award in Hospitality 2017. These are in The airline’s mix of aircraft also offers the flexibility addition to a raft of regional awards. to reach the levels of frequency desired on routes by The overarching aim of the airline is simply to be allowing the correct size of aircraft to be deployed the best but by being a successful and sustainable on each route at any specific time. company. However it also wants to stand out from The carrier’s most recent route launch was its its close rivals and not, in the words of its former second in the UK, to Manchester. This route started CEO Paul Gregorowitsch, to be a “plastic fantastic” as a daily flight served by A330-200 but, by late airline or indeed country”. He went on to say that the summer, the larger -300 now serves all flights. philosophy of how it treats its customers is different: “We don’t handle passengers; we serve guests.” Omani hospitality onboard The airline also has designs on increasing its cargo business and the plan has many different On board service is something the airline is proud facets. The new 737 MAX aircraft will replace of. For First and Business class passengers not existing NG versions but will be able to carry more only are there the standard premium check-in belly hold cargo. A joint co-operation agreement Oman Air desks but the premium lounges at Muscat have with Cargolux for sea-air freight services to India In January 2018, Oman complimentary spa treatments and à la carte dining, signed in March of 2015, saw sea/air services to Air won plaudits from GE Chennai with a second service launched just five Aviation for a record-breaking in addition to tranquil relaxation areas. Although 20hr GENnx-1B engine the previous perk for First and Business Class months later. This co-operation is growing further as change on a Boeing 787. passengers enjoying a free chauffeur service to services to Mumbai started in early February 2016. the airport has recently been discontinued, first class passengers can still enjoy a limo ride from the An uncertain future lounge to the aircraft. Once on board, first class passengers will enjoy Gregorowitsch seems to have contributed a a mini suite all with direct aisle access which convert considerable amount in his tenure and only time into what the airline claims to be the longest lie flat will tell the reasons behind his, seemingly, early seat in the skies. The business class seats in the departure. It won’t go unnoticed that Gregorowitsch airline’s long-haul workhorse, the A330 again, all left his previous posts prior to the subsequent have direct aisle access with ample space and lots demise of the airline, albeit with a three-year gap of tech. Further back, economy passengers have in the case of Air Berlin. However, Oman Air has not been left out. Adjustable head and leg rests some work to do, the loss in 2016 was reputed to on every seat with what the airline calls generous be around $300m and competition from its near leg and elbow room. All seats feature state of the neighbours is not going away any time soon. The art IFE available from individual seat back screens scaling back of the carrier’s growth plans was also with audio and video on demand, as well as live only announced just weeks before the resignation satellite TV. As mentioned, Oman Air was a pioneer itself was announced while, at the same time, the in onboard mobile phone and Internet connectivity low-cost carrier Salam Air is pushing ahead with its which is available in all three classes. expansion plans. Consistency is currently an issue with the A country the size of and as welcoming as airline aiming at providing the same level of service Oman needs its own airline and a strong one at that. regardless of destination or flight times. It must be said that the service on board the author’s flight Oman Air Airbus A330. wasn’t quite up to the standard expected and that which has helped win the carrier many accolades. This is an area the company is looking to address with greater use of Omani nationals as cabin crew, the rationale being that Omani nationals will feel more attached and committed to the airline rather than it being simply a job. This commitment to providing a quality passenger experience has resulted in a number of awards. Skytrax Best Business class seat (2011, 2012) and Service excellence. World Travel Awards have made Oman the world’s leading airline for economy class for the past four years and, in the Middle East, both economy and business have won the award for the past five years. In 2017 the airline

was also named the winner of the World’s Ultimate Oman Air

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook.com www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 25 38 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 /FEBRUARY AEROSPACE RAeS (NAL) History DEFENCE pilot credited thekill? for MiG-15 jetfighter. But was thecorrect fighters shotdown aNorth Korean Royal Navy piston-engine SeaFury from theKorean War in1952–where on aclassicaircombatencounter PAUL BEAVER FRAeSshedsnew light – the true story – thetrue vs MiG-15 Sea Fury T Lieutenant Brian(Schmoo) Ellis. Peter (Toby) Davisandhisyoungwingman,Sub- in theFleet,andtothisrightwereSub-Lieutenant Lieutenant CarlHaines,knownasthesharpesteyes to groundfire. aircraft quicker andmadethemfeel lessvulnerable mile wide.This wouldallowthemtospotenemy one formation makingthefightingabout the otherthreefighterstostepoutintoacombat Lieutenant Peter (Hoagy)Carmichael calledfor to theseaatChinnampo,flight’s leader, needed tostemthehordes. and everyeffortfromcarrier-basedairpowerwas two years.They werenotmakinggood progress Korea fornearly Communist invasionofSouth forces hadbeenengagedinfightingback a ammunition wentsouth. were 19bridgesacrosswhich thetroopsand the mainarteryforsuppliesanditsweakpoints reconnoitre themainnorth-southrailway. This was the lead–andturnedtowardsenemy, at the manoeuvre, wecrossedover–therightpairtaking enemy, soIcalledthebreak.With a well-practiced ‘MiGs fouro-clock high.’” remembers Ellis.“Within minutesithadallchanged.” realised there wereenemy fighters in thelocal area,” anti-aircraft firewassimple.“We shouldhave no anti-aircraftfire;allseemedquiet.” defence forcesseemedtostillbeasleep.That was There wasnosignofactivity. The Communistair deserted stretch six o’clock. near Chungsan at about every detailofthatday. “We crossedthecoastona Sixty-six yearslaterSchmoo Ellisremembers MiGs, fouro’clock high! @aerosociety Findus on LinkedInFind usonFacebook www.aerosociety.com To Carmichael’s leftwashiswingman,Sub- As theycircledroundtocrossenemyterritory It was9August1952andtheUnitedNations’ “Iwasthenearesttofast-approaching “ItwasCarlwhospottedthemfirst.Hecalled The reasonforthelack oftell-talepuffs to 4,000ftoverPyongyangready Naval AirSquadrondroppeddown of HawkerSeaFury fightersfrom802 dissolve asthe‘fingerfour’formation he earlymorningmisthadstartedto i

f Via author Via RAeS (NAL) flight leaderCarmichael wasawardedthevictory. who kepthisown counselonthematterevenwhen Sea Fury pilotsweredisappointedforSchmoo Ellis, became acausecélèbreintheFleetAirArm.Many and twoorthreedamaged,probably beyondrepair. It In thefourminutesofaircombat, itwasaMiG‘kill’ Kill recognitiondenied still afightunderway,” ishowEllisrecalls ittoday. I hadnotimetowatch himgodown,astherewas fired and,evenasheacceleratedaway, Ikept firing. momentum anddroppedintomygyrogunsight.I put outhisairbrakestoslowbut,indoingso,lost he hadtoomuch energy;hewasgoingtoofast.He always beenportrayed. Royal Navy’s historybutnotquiteinthewayithas Fury.” dogfight. Bigmistake;ajetcan’tdogfightSea a MiGgetaroundbehindmeasifhewantedto braced intotheturn,pullinghard.AsIdidso,saw setting, inaclimbingturn. same timeopenedthethrottletoitshighestpower “The MiGcameinfrombehindandrealisedthat What happenednext hasgonedowninthe “My four20mmcannonweresettofireandI SEA FURY DOGFIGHT A A JETCAN’T BIG MISTAKE; TO DOGFIGHT. HE WANTED IF ME AS BEHIND GET AROUND I SAW A MIG Hawker SeaFury. Opposite page:Afinestudyofa WJ223.Sea Fury FB11, Below: Schmoo Ellis’Hawker its cleanlines. Left: HawkerSeaFury Xshows MiG-15 inSeptember2017. Schmoo Ellis was reunited with a Over60yearslater Above:

FEBRUARY 2018 FEBRUARY Via author Via 39 2018 ANNUAL BANQUET Supported by

Thursday 10 May 2018 / London

Established as a key event in the social Guest of Honour calendar of the aviation and aerospace Marillyn A Hewson FRAeS community, the Royal Aeronautical Society Chairman, President and CEO Lockheed Martin Corporation Annual Banquet attracts high level industry attendance and offers the ideal opportunity Venue for networking and corporate entertainment. The InterContinental London Park Lane, One Hamilton Place, London W1J 7QY, UK

Individual tickets and corporate tables are Programme available with discounted rates for RAeS Reception: 7.15pm Dinner: 8.00pm Members and Corporate Partners. What’s included? This black tie event includes a pre-dinner networking reception followed by an exquisite four-course dinner with fine wines and coffee.

Enquiries to: Gail Ward, Events Manager – Corporate & Society Royal Aeronautical Society T +44 (0)1491 629 912 / E [email protected] www.aerosociety.com/banquet Afterburner www.aerosociety.com

Diary 2018 27 March

Supported by The Royal Air Force at 100 ANNUAL BANQUET Air Chief Marshal Sir Stephen Hillier FRAeS, Chief of the Air Staff, Royal Air Force

Thursday 10 May 2018 / London

Established as a key event in the social Guest of Honour RAF Typhoons in echelon formation from 3,11,17 calendar of the aviation and aerospace Marillyn A Hewson FRAeS and 29 Sqns based at RAF Coningsby. Eurofighter. community, the Royal Aeronautical Society Chairman, President and CEO Lockheed Martin Corporation Annual Banquet attracts high level industry attendance and offers the ideal opportunity Venue for networking and corporate entertainment. The InterContinental London Park Lane, 42 Message from RAeS 44 Book Reviews 49 2017 Honours, Medals & One Hamilton Place, London W1J 7QY, UK - President The Projects of Skunk Works, The Law of Unmanned Awards Aircraft Systems and R J Mitchell at Supermarine. “Aviation faces a bright and exciting future The full list of winners of Society Awards last year. Individual tickets and corporate tables are Programme according to the major aircraft manufacturers’ order books, the airlines’ prediction of air travel demand 47 Library Additions available with discounted rates for RAeS and aerospace innovators who are designing and 50 RAeS Careers Centre has Reception: 7.15pm Dinner: 8.00pm building next-generation aircraft with folding wings, Books submitted to the National Aerospace Library. 20th anniversary Members and Corporate Partners. those capable of supersonic flight and pilotless air taxis ready to whisk us from home/office to the Last year saw the 20th anniversary of the Society’s What’s included? nearest international airport.” 48 Wilbur & Orville Wright Careers Centre which has expanded its supprt for the aerospace industry during the period and is This black tie event includes a pre-dinner networking Lecture looking forwards to the next 20 years. reception followed by an exquisite four-course dinner - Chief Executive Martin Rolfe, CEO, NATS, delivered the 106th “We are delighted to announce that the new, Wilbur & Orville Wright Lecture last December and 52 Diary with fine wines and coffee. redesigned Careers in Aerospace website is now gave an insight into what the future may hold for live. Featuring a brand-new look and feel and new this important sector. Find out when and where around the world the features, we are very proud of the website and our latest Society aeronautical and aerospace lectures Enquiries to: thanks to ADS Group, our partners on this project, and events are happening. Gail Ward, Events Manager – Corporate & Society and particularly Sameer Savani.” Royal Aeronautical Society T +44 (0)1491 629 912 / E [email protected] www.aerosociety.com/banquet Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2018 41 Afterburner Message from RAeS OUR PRESIDENT

ACM Sir Stephen Dalton Aviation faces a bright and exciting future according when all the spare capacity at existing airfields to the major aircraft manufacturers’ order books, has been utilised, we are going to need greater the airlines’ prediction of air travel demand and innovation in organising air passenger and cargo aerospace innovators who are designing and transport flying than ever before. building next-generation aircraft with folding wings, The Society continues to look for the best those capable of supersonic flight and pilotless air talent from among the membership to help run, taxis ready to whisk us from home/office to the focus and direct our great Society. We have been nearest international airport. Additionally, as we were able to make valued contributions to the impact of privileged to hear from Martin Rolfe FRAeS, Chief Brexit debate and this has been readily welcomed Executive of NATS, in an excellent Wilbur & Orville by Government and officials. Equally, we continue Wright Lecture, there are very significant changes to drive forward on many practical and deliverable that are about to reorganise air traffic procedures endeavours for young people. The enthusiasm and routing in the most dramatic way – literally, among the younger generations is very evident while some flights are airborne across the globe! and the potential to capitalise on that talent is real. So change, as ever has been the case in the fast We need to encourage those members, who have moving aviation world is, yet again, ready to have a a modicum of spare capacity in their busy lives, to significant effect on our travelling lives. The ability to step forward and help drive the RAeS onwards and THE SOCIETY spread the impact of the increasing amount of flying upwards. The staff at No.4 Hamilton Place can and CONTINUES TO – to even out the noise and pollution; to use existing do deliver excellent work on our behalf but they LOOK FOR THE capacity more evenly and effectively; and to look need the expertise and contacts from within the BEST TALENT at ways of reducing the impact on the environment varying areas of aviation and space to be able to are critical questions for aviation in the future. The provide the outstanding programme of events that FROM AMONG environmental impact study on the building of the your Society puts on throughout the year. As we THE MEMBERSHIP third Heathrow runway has yet to report but it is start 2018, I would urge you to look again at your TO HELP RUN, already clear that London and the southeast of ability to add value to our work and to look around FOCUS AND England is going to need greater runway capacity you for colleagues, who may not yet be members of and sooner rather than later. When London City the Society, to join our Society and to help deliver DIRECT OUR Airport air traffic is being controlled from off-airfield the quality of output and programmes for which the GREAT SOCIETY – and other airfields will shortly follow suit – and Society is well-known.

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Demonstrate experience and skill Enjoy our diverse range of Are you an Engineer or in industry. Our graded membership Specialist Groups, conferences, Technician? We are licensed means that you will be recognised lectures and Branches. Whether by the Engineering Council to for reaching different stages in your you want to learn, influence or just award Engineering Technician, career. get involved we have something for Incorporated and Chartered everyone. Engineer.

Apply now: www.aerosociety.com/create-account [email protected] Q +44 (0)20 7670 4384 / 4400 42 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 OUR CHIEF EXECUTIVE

Simon C Luxmoore  We are delighted to announce that the new, redesigned Careers in Aerospace website is now live. Featuring a brand-new look and feel and new features, we are very proud of the website and our thanks to ADS Group, our partners on this project, and particularly Sameer Savani. Sincere thanks also to Mark Furness MRAeS who has acted as voluntary project manager throughout the process and whose support and advice has been invaluable. Our next step is to build the website’s unique careers directory which is free for employers, training The Aeronautical Journal providers and STEM organisations to populate Associate Editors and Editorial Board of prior to their annual meeting on 7 December. with your careers opportunities. For full details please contact Ros in the careers team rosalind. [email protected]  We were also delighted to mark 20 years of the  The deadline for submitting nominations for the Society’s Careers and Skills activities during RAeS 2018 Honours, Medals & Awards is fast 2017. First launched in 1997, the Society’s approaching on 31 March 2018. We really want careers activities have grown to include a range to see a diverse range of individuals and teams of programmes for all ages including Cool put forward by our members and Corporate Aeronautics, the Schools Build-a-Plane Challenge Partners to be recognised for their outstanding and our dedicated careers advisory services and achievements and contributions to advancing annual careers fair. We held a very successful our aerospace and aviation industry. I’m sure Parliamentary Reception in late October to mark many of us know or work with exceptional the occasion, and thank our many supporters leaders, so we want to hear from you to make and released a special report on the Perceptions sure experts within your fields of interest are of Aerospace and Aviation Careers among appropriately recognised and rewarded. For Millennials. Find out more on pp 50-51. more information and to submit your nomination  The annual meeting of Associate Editors of The visit www.aerosociety.com/awards. Aeronautical Journal took place in December at  It’s not only aerospace professionals being No.4 Hamilton Place. Over lunch, the Journal’s recognised for their hard work and excellence Editorial Board and Associate Editors discussed but our very own Event Manager at No.4 ways in which the Society can grow the profile Hamilton Place, Bharat Davé, was nominated and circulation of the Journal, in particular and shortlisted for the Unsung Hero Award at through the identification and recruitment of new the recent Hire Space event. As many of our authors and Associate Editors from around the members and Corporate Partners will know, WE ARE world. The Editors also agreed to create a forum Bharat always goes above and beyond our DELIGHTED TO to improve communication so that Associate normal high standards of customer service to Editors can seek assistance from their peers make sure meetings and events held here at the ANNOUNCE when looking for additional reviewers for papers. Society’s venue are a success so we are proud THAT THE NEW,  Congratulations to Society members recognised he’s been recognised for all his efforts – well REDESIGNED in the New Year’s Honours: done Bharat. Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB)  We were sorry to say goodbye to Tim Wood in CAREERS IN Rear Admiral Keith Blount CB OBE FRAeS our Business Development Team last month, AEROSPACE AVM Richard Broadbridge CB MB BS FRCGP who has joined one of the Society’s Corporate WEBSITE IS NOW MBA DOccMed DAvMed FRAeS FCMI Partners, Gama Aviation. Thanks to Tim’s hard LIVE. FEATURING Companion of the Order of St Michael work in developing relationships in the Business and St George (CMG) Aviation Community, the Society has grown its A BRAND-NEW Helen Sharman CMG OBE FRAeS – For Corporate Partners in this sector to over 40 LOOK AND services to science and technology educational organisations now, and we are looking forward FEEL AND NEW outreach. to welcoming many of them back to the Society FEATURES, WE Officer of the Order of the British Empire for the Future of Business Aviation event on 24 (OBE) April 2018. For more details and to book your ARE VERY PROUD Commander Johanna Deakin OBE FRAeS place at the event visit www.aerosociety.com/ OF THE WEBSITE Commodore David Elford OBE CEng FRAeS BizAv2018.

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2018 43 Afterburner Book Reviews THE PROJECTS OF SKUNK WORKS 75 Years of Lockheed Martin’s Advanced Development Programs By S Pace

Voyageur Press, Quarto Publishing Group USA, 400 First Avenue North, Suite 400, Minneapolis, MN 55401, USA. 2016. 256pp. Illustrated. $40. ISBN 978-0-7603-5032-4.

This handsome book serves as a testament, not only to Lockheed Martin’s Advanced Development Programs (ADP) organisation but also to the author, who died in the same year, 2016, that it was published. In 256 richly-illustrated pages, Steve Pace included basic information on some 80 Skunk Works projects. There are many useful artists’ impressions, some provided by ADP, but also some that were specially commissioned for this book. Those searching for detailed descriptions of the many pioneering aerospace vehicles that have emerged from the Skunk Works’ original home in Burbank, CA, and more recently from Palmdale, CA, would be better advised to consult Jay Miller’s ground-breaking Lockheed Martin’s Skunk Works: Above: Technicians install The First Fifty Years (Aerofax, Inc.1993). With ADP a large-scale model of the Lockheed L-2000 SST in now approaching its 75th anniversary, this new the 40-by-80 foot wind volume provides a worthy addition to the literature. tunnel at the NASA Ames In the US, one sometimes hears the phrase Research Center in Mountain “good enough for government work.” That never View, California, for a was the culture of the Skunk Works, and ADP ground plane test, c.1965. Lockheed proposed two has acquired a reputation for integrity as well as versions, the L-2000-7A for technical innovation. Moreover, although most intercontinental model for up of ADP’s efforts have been directed towards to 266 passengers and the US defence requirements, significant design slightly larger, 308-passenger L-2000-7B for domestic use. and engineering resource has sometimes been Lockheed Martin. expended on civilian projects. These include the Left: Modified Lockheed A-12 L-2000 design for the American SST (SuperSonic (codename M-21) carrying Transport) programme, and airship-to-hybrid a D-21 drone (Project developments aimed at the commercial cargo Tagboard). CIA. market. For many people, The Skunk Works is most China from Taiwan 1951-1969 (Schiffer Publishing. closely identified with the development of low- 2010). They do not appear in the bibliography. observable aircraft. This effort began with the A-12/ For some reason, Pace contends that SR-71 Blackbird spyplanes in the 1960s and the 1960’s-era D-21 air-launched Mach 3 continued with the F-117, F-22 and F-35 fighters reconnaissance drone is “still operational.” Maybe of more recent times. While the author provides he knew something that eludes the rest of us. For many adequate descriptions of ADP’s declassified ‘stealth’ That, of course, is a problem when one attempts to people, The projects, he could have included some discussion of write about an organisation whose work is often Skunk Works the origins of this ground-breaking technology. shrouded in secrecy. However, that is no excuse Unfortunately, there are a number of proof- for statements such as the one describing the is most closely reading and other errors in the book, including the proposed retirement of the U-2 in 2019 as “an identified captions. With respect to the famous U-2 and the unsubstantiated rumour.” In fact, this was plainly- with the obscure RB-69A, the author could have avoided stated US Air Force policy. Thankfully, that policy development of errors and omissions by reading two books by this has recently been reversed. reviewer 50 Years of the U-2 (Schiffer Publishing. low-observable 2005) and The Black Bats: CIA Spy Flights over Chris Pocock aircraft

44 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 THE LAW OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS An Introduction to the Current and Future Regulation under National, Regional and International Law Edited by B I Scott

Kluwer Law International, PO Box 316, 2400 AH Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands. 2016. xlv + 389pp. $166.

The sub-title of this well-organised and comprehensive new edition to the Aviation Law and various international aviation organisations. These In 2017, drone delivery Policy Series on the regulation of unmanned aircraft approaches may eventually be adopted in other startup Flytrex deployed a systems edited by Benjamyn I Scott contains two national and regional jurisdictions as regulators commercial drone delivery key words: current and future. Given this rapidly route in Iceland’s capital, seek to develop rules and achieve international Reykjavik. HadasBandel. evolving area of aviation operations and law, it is just consistency. as important to analyse where we are headed, as it is The reviewer found the chapter on aspects of to lay out where we are. This book achieves just that. insurance to be of the most interest, as this is an The use of unmanned aircraft systems area where practitioners, operators and aviation continues to grow and countries have often found insurers themselves are still feeling their way toward themselves on the back foot in regulating their use. the extension of the aviation insurance market As most of us are well aware, there is an incredible to these systems. Unmanned aircraft systems expansion in the public and private use of these may not naturally lend themselves to established systems generally, as well as exciting specific use means of aviation insurance coverage, so we may in diverse areas such as agriculture and scientific see innovative products and insurance clauses research. There is also the proposed future use being developed. There is certainly a need for of these systems as a means of personal delivery proper and suitable insurance in light of the myriad of consumer goods, which we are assured by ways in which these systems are being adapted stakeholders is right around the corner. and operated. The market will certainly react and This book provides an excellent technical respond to the opportunities being presented. background into the various unmanned aircraft In addition to the discussions above, the book systems in use and being developed before also provides a wealth of information contributed addressing the key legal issues arising from their from authors from around the world. Chapters on use. the leading aviation jurisdictions, including the EU, Civil and criminal liabilities are perhaps in the US and UK are all very well presented and up-to- forefront of legal practitioners’ minds as headlines date. However, it is the chapters on developing reporting the increased private use of unmanned aviation jurisdictions, such as China, India and South aircraft systems interfering or threatening to interfere America, which may interest those looking at the with civil aviation activities become more and more future of regulation. frequent. In fact, as this review was being prepared, This book offers much to a wide audience of accounts of the first reported collision between an readers: it serves as an introduction to the subject unmanned aircraft system and a passenger jet were for the lay person, a valuable practical tool for the being received. While the incident involving a Skyjet aviation lawyer and a solid academic resource for charter flight approaching Quebec City thankfully lecturers, students and researchers and, perhaps resulted in only minor damage to the aircraft, it is most importantly, provides a source of information easy to imagine far more catastrophic results. These for regulators around the world. areas of liability are covered in great detail and with Mr Scott and his contributors had the unenviable Mr Scott and helpful reference to existing law. task of trying to hit a constantly moving target and his contributors The chapters covering the issues of privacy succeeded. However, they may have created a and cyber security might most interest regulators problem for themselves in that the book may need had the and operators, as these issues are of increasing to be updated on an almost daily basis to keep pace unenviable task concern to both the aviation sector and the public with this rapidly developing field. of trying to hit at large. Of particular interest is the examination of a constantly privacy issues under US constitutional law and the Dylan Jones European Union Data Protection Framework, as Associate moving target well as cyber security initiatives undertaken by the Clyde & Co LLP and succeeded

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2018 45 Afterburner Book Reviews R J MITCHELL AT SUPERMARINE From Schneider Trophy to Spitfire – Revised edition By J K Shelton

Standon Books, The Lodge, Standon Hall, Maer Lane, Standon, Staffordshire ST21 6QZ, UK. 2017. xviii; 353pp. Illustrated. £27.50. ISBN 978-0- 9956781-0-1.

Like Shelton’s book of 2008 with a similar title, this edition covers all of Mitchell’s time at Supermarine, as the company near Southampton came to be known. From his appointment as personal assistant to the Managing Director after an apprenticeship in locomotive engineering, that period was just 21 years, cut short by his premature death in 1937. However, it included his becoming Chief Designer at the age of 24, responsible for the design of 23 very varied aircraft, ranging from a light club machine to a four-engined bomber, including seaplanes, amphibians, flying boats, Schneider Trophy winners up to the magnificent S6B and the incomparable The fortunes of Mitchell’s designs after his A Supermarine Walrus being Spitfire fighter. All are covered comprehensively death are covered, including the early Spitfires refuelled. RAeS (NAL). here, including those that did not secure orders, and the four-engined bomber, a promising project fully backed by many photographs and three-view abandoned after the two partly-built prototypes had drawings. Along the way there was a project for a been destroyed in enemy air attacks on the works. 185ft span monoplane flying boat with six engines, A typical anecdote concerns a small biplane cancelled after ‘the keel had been laid down’ in 1932. amphibian, seemingly obsolete though with a fully Shelton is not over-protective of his subject, retractable wheeled undercarriage, that had been writing plainly about his enigmatic personality ordered for catapult launch and winch recovery to In the early and often quoting views of other commentators. provide spotting for ships of the Australian navy. The days, Mitchell In the early days, Mitchell had learned to form his Air Ministry ‘did not envisage any role’ for it but, after own judgments about many-sided things of which a Rear Admiral sent it for service trials, it was seen had learned to he had no previous knowledge, such as the best as ‘the complete answer to our prayers’. Indeed, to form his own hydrodynamic form for flying boat hulls and floats. those of the many aircrew saved by the Walrus (as it judgments On that was built the intuitive ‘feel’ that often marks became) in its service in air-sea rescue. Its versatility a great designer. He remained ready to see merits led to 746 being ordered – despite Ann Welch as about many- elsewhere, from features of the Curtiss racing a ferry pilot reckoning that ‘if the rudder bar was sided things of seaplane and the big Dornier multi-engined flying under water you were in a Walrus’. which he had boats to his interaction with staff like Joe Smith and Joe Smith’s work as Mitchell’s successor is no previous Beverley Shenstone on the design of the Spitfire rightly acknowledged, though the account and an wing. extensive appendix detailing all marks of Spitfire knowledge There were frustrations and disappointments. and its derivatives goes beyond the remit of the title. The small company was absorbed into the Vickers The billing as ‘an expanded, completely updated and group but contrived to stay largely independent. revised version’ of the first edition invites a tendency By the 1930s, Mitchell’s machines had established to look for changes. This reader soon became too Supermarine as a leader in its field, securing a absorbed in Shelton’s readable narrative for that substantial order for the elegant Southampton (though the continued spelling of ‘Sidney’ for the flying boat that, in service to the outposts of the Hawker designer Sydney Camm and the city in Empire, took them onto the world stage. Yet there Australia was hard to miss). were lean periods, when all orders seemed to go Overall, there seems little room for any Correction to rival companies such as Shorts, Blackburn and significant detail of Mitchell’s work to have been On p 44 of the January issue of Saunders-Roe. It was not apparent then that this AEROSPACE, the book Testing overlooked. The presentation is excellent and this to the Limits, was incorrectly was due in part to the far-sighted policy of the Air new version is thoroughly recommended. attributed to P G Hamel rather Ministry of rationing its orders to sustain the widest than the author Ken Ellis. range of aircraft companies for a future when Brian Brinkworth We apologise for any confusion Britain might again be at war. FREng FRAeS caused.

46 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 Library Additions BOOKS

AIR TRANSPORT panel designs (including Atglen, PA 19310, USA. 2017. August 1911 only the second ISBN 978-1-910777-27-5. the individual instruments) Distributed by Gazelle Book woman in the world – after A very detailed account London City Airport: 30 of the Hawker Hurricane Services Ltd, White Cross Mills, Elisa Raymonde Deroche in of the structure, organisation, Years Serving the Capital. I, Supermarine Spitfire Vc, Hightown, Lancaster LA1 4XS, France – to be awarded a training and operations of M Ginsberg. Business de Havilland Mosquito VI, UK. 400pp. Illustrated. £66.99. pilot’s license. The following the Luftwaffe during the Travel News, Edgware. Boulton Paul Defiant, Bristol ISBN 978-0-7643-5321-5. year on 16 April 1912 Quimby mid-1930s as it became more 2017. Distributed by Crecy Beaufighter and North became the first woman overtly a military force, aircraft Publishing, 1a Ringway Trading American P-51B Mustang III. to fly across the English production within Germany Estate, Shawdowmoss Road, Channel, her achievement then was greatly expanded and Manchester M22 5LH, UK. GUIDED FLIGHT overshadowed by the breaking aircraft armament was 228pp. Illustrated. £25. ISBN news of the sinking of the developed, concluding with the 978-0-190043-8070. V2 – the A4 Rocket: from White Star liner Titanic, but Luftwaffe’s major involvement Officially opened on 5 Peenemunde to Redstone tragically she was to lose her in the Spanish Civil War. November 1987, a well- – Design – Development life on 1 July 1912 while flying illustrated history of the – Operations. M R Barber. her Bleriot XI at the Boston Air evolution, expansion and Crecy Publishing, 1a Ringway Meet held at Squantum, MA. current operations of the Trading Estate, Shawdowmoss UK’s only entirely new airport Road, Manchester M22 Evolution of the New which has been developed 5LH, UK. 2017. 296pp. European Fighter: a British since the end of WW2, the Illustrated. £50. ISBN 978-1- Industrial Perspective. I airport now handling over 4.5 906537531. Yates. British Aerospace, million passengers annually London. c.1988. 57pp. serving 60 destinations with HISTORICAL Illustrated. an increasing range of airliners Placed in the context of and business jets. post-1945 UK military aircraft Flying Man: Hugo Junkers development, a detailed AVIONICS AND SYSTEMS and the Dream of Aviation. review of the evolution of R Byers. Texas A&M University the EFA from the P110/ Beyond Horizons – the Press, College Station. 2016. Agile Combat Aircraft (ACA) RAPTOR Story. C Pocock xi; 245pp. Illustrated. $39.95. projects and the Experimental and A Jeffrey. UTC Aerospace ISBN 978-1-62349-464-3. Aircraft Programme (EAP) Systems. 2017. 119pp. and the major UK political Illustrated. Tupolev Tu-95 and Tu-142. and European interests which Architect of Air Power: A well-illustrated Y Gordon and D Komissarov. need to be considered in the General Laurence S Kuter history of the evolution and Crecy Publishing, 1a Ringway international negotiations and and the Birth of the US operational applications of the Trading Estate, Shawdowmoss agreements. Paper based on Air Force. B D Laslie. The RAPTOR (Reconnaissance Road, Manchester M22 5LH, a lecture presented to the University Press of Kentucky, Airborne Pod for Tornado) UK. 2017. 560pp. Illustrated. Royal Aeronautical Society 663 South Limestone Street, sensor which, in July 2016, £44.95. ISBN 978-1- – Stevenage Branch on 24 Lexington, KY 40508-4008, logged its 10,000th flying hour 857803785. March 1988 and previously USA. 2017. 241pp. Illustrated. in RAF service during a tactical presented to the Royal $39.95. ISBN 978-0-813- reconnaissance mission over Undarkened Skies; the Swedish Academy of Military 16998-9. Iraq, from its origins in the American Aircraft Building Sciences, Stockholm, 15 US as the DB-110 sensor of the First World War. October 1987. 341 Squadron 60 Years which evolved from the Itek P R Hare. Fonthill Media (Greek-English text). I Lekas. Senior Year Electro-optical Limited, Millview House, PROPULSION Eagle Aviation. 2014. 85pp. Reconnaissance System Toadsmoor Road, Stroud Illustrated. ISBN 978-960-93- (SYERS). GL5 2TB, UK. 2017. 160pp. The Jet Engine Story 6058-6. Illustrated. £20. ISBN 978-1- – a Review: a review A compilation of colour Raytheon Sentinel: the 78155-651-1. of the early British photographs of the day-to-day Airborne Stand-Off Radar A history of the major jet engine story, operations and F-16CJ/ System (ASTOR) – past, escalation of aircraft and particularly in relation DJ Block 50 Fighting Falcon present and future. engine (focusing on the V12 to Frank Whittle, and a fighter aircraft of 341 C Pocock. Raytheon UK. 2017. Liberty engine) production comparative summary Squadron Hellenic Air Force 39pp. Illustrated. that took place in America of early activity in other (HAF) which had previously A concise well-illustrated from April 1917 following countries that pioneered been equipped with the North history of the origins, its entry into WW1 and how, jet engines. A library American F-86E Sabre and evolution and deployment from the recommendations and research resource. the Northrop F-5A/B Freedom of the Raytheon airborne of the Aircraft Production FAST Monograph 004. Fighter. reconnaissance system which Board, numerous mainly British Harriet Quimby: Flying B Howard. Farnborough Air first entered RAF service in and European aircraft types Fair Lady. L Kerr. Schiffer Sciences Trust, Trenchard 2007, following a protracted (including the SE5a, Bristol Publishing, 4880 Lower Valley House, 85 Farnborough Road, MoD selection process Scout D/F2B fighter, de Road, Atglen, PA 19310, Farnborough, Hampshire and changing specification Havilland DH-4, Handley Page USA. 2016. Distributed by GU14 6TF, UK (E manager@ requirements. O/400, SPAD S.VII/ Gazelle Book Services Ltd, airsciences.org.uk). 2017. S.XIII and Caproni bombers) White Cross Mills, Hightown, 198pp. Illustrated. RAF WWII Fighter were exported or assembled/ Lancaster LA1 4XS, UK. Instrument Panels. built under licence in the US 112pp. Illustrated. £16.50. SERVICE AVIATION D Karnas. Published by to equip the US Air Service, ISBN 978-0-7643-5067-2. Stratus, Poland, on behalf of its aircraft production industry Illustrated by a number of Phoenix – a Complete Mushroom Model Publications, by November 1918 having reproductions of contemporary History of the Luftwaffe 3 Gloucester Close, expanded almost beyond photographs, a concise 1918-1945: Volume 2 – Petersfield, Hants GU32 3AX, recognition. biography of the pioneering The Genesis of Air Power For further information UK (www.mmpbooks.biz). American woman journalist 1935-1937. R Meredith. contact the National 2017. 39pp. Illustrated. £15. Conquest of the and screenwriter of silent Helion & Company Limited, Aerospace Library. ISBN 978-83-65281-62-3. Skies: Seeking Range, movies for the D W Griffith 26 Willow Road, Solihull B91 T +44 (0)1252 701038 A compilation of Endurance, and the Biograph film company who 1UE, UK. 2017. Distributed by or 701060 detailed colour diagrams Intercontinental Bomber. (disguised as a man) learned Casemate, 10 Hythe Bridge and photographs of the W Wolf. Schiffer Publishing, to fly at the Moisant Aviation Street, Oxford OX1 2EW. lvi; E hublibrary@aerosoci- various cockpit instrument 4880 Lower Valley Road, School becoming on 1 836pp. Illustrated. £59.95. ety.com

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2018 47 Afterburner Society News WILBUR AND ORVILLE WRIGHT LECTURE ATM lecture captures the Wright brothers’ pioneering spirit

In a compelling Wilbur & Orville Wright Lecture delivered at the Royal Aeronautical Society on 5 December 2017, NATS CEO Martin Rolfe FRAeS explored the challenges being faced by air traffic management around the world and provided his own insight into what the future may hold for this important sector of the UK economy. Physical and cyber threats to aviation are on the rise, airspace is already at maximum capacity and the arrival of the drone is testing the fundamental concepts of ATM. How is NATS adapting to overcome these challenges and what is required for the UK to remain a world leader in this field? Rolfe outlined the new technologies and pioneering concepts that will be key to providing a safe, efficient and reliable service into the future. “We can be passengers,” he said, “or we can be pilots, pioneering and shaping the way we manage air traffic and leading our industry on a generational leap into the future.” NATS has chosen to uphold the country’s reputation as a nation of aviation pioneers, transforming the technology that we use and redesigning the nation’s airspace to provide the platform we need as a country to continue as world leaders into the future. The UK’s aviation industry has been crucial to this country’s success for decades and Rolfe concluded his lecture by forecasting that its importance can only grow in a post Brexit world, as we seek to build ties further and further afield. In the midst of a £1bn investment, NATS’ goals are to reengineer UK aviation for the 21st century, reinforce the nation’s role at the heart of the global aviation network and provide passengers with a more efficient and more tailored service. Top: Martin Rolfe FRAeS, CEO, NATS, delivers the 106th Wilbur The Wilbur & Orville Wright Lecture was & Orville Wright Lecture. Above: Prof Robert Bor, right, receives his Honorary Fellowship established to honour the two pioneering brothers certificate from the RAeS President, ACM Sir Stephen Dalton. who famously completed the first successful IF WE WORKED controlled powered flight on 17 December 1903. In the words of Orville Wright: “If we worked on the ON THE of the outstanding and lasting contributions that he assumption that what is accepted as true really is ASSUMPTION has made in the field of aviation clinical psychology true, then there would be little hope for advance.” THAT WHAT IS through a long and distinguished career spanning This innovative spirit was captured in Rolfe’s lecture, ACCEPTED AS three decades. As the most prestigious and long- making it a fitting tribute to the memory of these standing awards in global aerospace, the RAeS two pivotal figures in the history of aviation. TRUE REALLY Honours, Medals & Awards honour achievements Audio and video recordings of Martin Rolfe’s IS TRUE, THEN and recognise the innovation and excellence of 2017 Wilbur & Orville Wright Lecture are available THERE WOULD both individuals and teams. They are conferred for to view and listen to via the Society’s audio and BE LITTLE HOPE achievements and contributions in all disciplines video archive. of the global aerospace industry. Nominations for Prior to the Lecture, an Honorary Fellowship was FOR ADVANCE 2018 are now being accepted and the nomination presented to Professor Robert Bor in recognition Orville Wright form is available to download.

48 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 2017 HONOURS, MEDALS & AWARDS

Honorary Fellowship Geoffrey Pardoe Space Award Professor Robert Bor FRAeS, Co-Director, Centre for Aviation Mr Paul Flanagan, Secretary General UKspace Psychology Ltd R P Alston Medal RAeS Gold Medal Mr David Lee MRAeS, Formerly Flight Dynamics Tutor, Empire Mr Greg Wyler, Executive Chairman, OneWeb LLC Test Pilots’ School, MoD Boscombe Down RAeS Silver Medal Young Persons’ Achievement Award Dr Martin Unwin, Principal Global Navigation Satellite Systems Mr Riccardo Patriarca, Post-Graduate Student, Sapienza Engineer, Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd University of Rome Alan Marsh Award RAeS Bronze Medal Mr Joseph Allen, Rotor Analyst, Leonardo Helicopters (UK), Yeovil Mr Michael Gamlin FRAeS, Manager – Air Safety Investigation, Rolls-Royce PLC NE Rowe Medal – 22-30 Age Group Mr Alex Godfrey ARAeS RAeS Team Gold Medal Solar Impulse 2 Team NE Rowe Medal – Under 22 Age Group Mr Jamie Bignell RAeS Team Bronze Medal NE Rowe Certificate of Merit – 22-30 Age Group Osprey 30 AESA Radar Team, Leonardo UK Mr Chris Clay Chinook Rotary Wing Flight Physics Team, QinetiQ, MoD Ms Lucie Cordier Boscombe Down Mr Colin Field Specialist Silver Award Mr Calum McFarlane Professor Peter Hancock FRAeS, Provost Distinguished NE Rowe Certificate of Merit – Under 22 Age Group Research Professor & Pegasus Professor, University of Central Ms Bettina Islam Florida Mr Joshua Thomson-Smith Specialist Bronze Award Dr Donatella Ricci, NH90 Programme Manager, Leonardo 2016 WRITTEN PAPER PRIZES Helicopter Division Gold Award Mr Jonathan Pulham MRAeS, Operational Analyst, HQ Air Awarded to P R Spalart and V Ventatakrishnan for their paper titled Warfare Centre, RAF Waddington ‘On the role and challenges of CFD in the aerospace industry’. The Aeronautical Journal, January 2016, Vol 120, No 1223, p 209. Team Specialist Gold Award Environmentally Responsible Aviation Project Team, National Silver Award Aeronautics and Space Administration Awarded to J A Jupp for his paper titled ‘The design of future passenger aircraft – the environmental and fuel price challenges’. Team Specialist Bronze Award The Aeronautical Journal, January 2016, Vol 120, No 1223, p 37. OPTIMUS Team, US Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright- Awarded to L M B C Campos and J M G Marques for their paper Patterson Air Force Base titled ‘On an analytical model of wake vortex separation of aircraft’. Flight Simulation Medal The Aeronautical Journal, October 2016, Vol 120, No 1232, p 1534. Professor David Allerton, Emeritus Professor and Chair in Bronze Award Computer Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield Awarded to D J Moreau and C J Doolan for their paper titled ‘The Flight Operations Medal generation of tonal noise from sawtooth trailing-edge serrations at Flight Sergeant Joseph Sinnott RAF, formerly Flight Operations low Reynolds numbers’. The Aeronautical Journal, June 2016, Vol Manager, No 17 (Reserve) Squadron, Royal Air Force, Edwards Air 120, No 1226, p 971. Force Base Awarded to Y Cao, J Huang, Z Xu and J Yin for their paper titled ‘Insight into rime ice accretion on an aircraft wing and Avionics and Systems Specialist Group Award corresponding effects on aerodynamic performance’. The Squadron Leader Robert Perrins RAF, SO2 Operations & Aeronautical Journal, July 2016, Vol 120, No 1229, p 1101. Requirements Capture, Typhoon Mission Support Centre, RAF Coningsby Awarded to V A Pastrikakis, R Steijl and G N Barakos for their paper titled ‘Effect of active Gurney flaps on overall helicopter flight The Turnbuckle Award envelope’. The Aeronautical Journal, August 2016, Vol 120, No Lieutenant Commander Dale Collins MRAeS RN, F-35B Air 1218, p 1230. Engineering Officer, JSF Integrated Test Force, Naval Air Station Young Persons’ Written Paper Prize Patuxent River Awarded to C J Durango, C P Lawson and A Z Shahneh for their Aerospace Medicine Specialist Group Award paper titled ‘Formation flight investigation for highly efficient future Dr James David Stevenson FRAeS, Medical Officer Instructor, civil transport aircraft’. The Aeronautical Journal, July 2016, Vol 120, RAF Centre for Aviation Medicine, RAF Henlow No 1229, p 1081.

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2018 49 Afterburner Society News SKILLS AND CAREERS 20 years of RAeS Careers Centre

2017 marked the 20th anniversary of the Royal Aeronautical Society’s dedicated careers resources and activities to support the aerospace and aviation sector. The Society’s Careers Centre was launched on 1 July 1997 by then CEO of British Aerospace Sir Richard Evans, providing an impartial all-age careers guidance service for people seeking employment in the industry, along with a range of careers materials and resources including career pathway information and job search tools as well as a 1-2-1 appointment service for those seeking personalised support including CV advice. The Society also joined various employer and government-led skills groups which have supported aerospace strategy in recent years, building links to information, advice and guidance website Above: Michelle Donelan, MP employers and learning more about some of their including directory and resources – relaunched for Chippenham, Wiltshire, concerns regarding the skills pipeline. In particular, in November 2017 and Member of the House of Commons Education the declining interest among young people, Jobs and Employability support Select Committee, addresses particularly in the UK, in Science, Technology,  Careers in Aerospace LIVE – annual recruitment guests at the Parliamentary Engineering and Maths (STEM) subjects and the fair dedicated to aerospace and aviation careers Reception in October. need to ensure young people became aware of and training opportunities Below: Sir Richard Evans, then CEO of British the many related and exciting career pathways in  1-2-1 Careers guidance and On-campus Aerospace, right, and Stewart aerospace and aviation for which these subjects Careers workshops – free workshops for John, then RAeS President, are essential, leading to the development over time universities and colleges providing guidance at the opening of the Careers of further Society-led programmes to excite and on aerospace and aviation job search, CV Centre on 1 July 1997. inspire children and young people. writing, skills, online applications and interview While the careers service has remained at the preparation heart of the RAeS offering and remains unique Key partnerships among professional engineering institutions in  AAR Corp, ADS Group, Boeing, Light Aircraft providing dedicated support, the past 20 years have Association, Raytheon, Yorkshire Air Museum seen our offering evolve to include: Primary education support Marking 20 years  Cool Aeronautics – one-day events for primary schools To celebrate these achievements, a special  Amy’s Aviation – three radio and video series Parliamentary Reception at the House of Commons with Fun Kids Radio Terrace Pavilion was held on 19 October 2017. Secondary education support The event brought together the many people and  Ballantyne event – annual careers awareness organisations who have helped make the Society’s event for 14-18 year-olds careers and outreach work possible, including  Schools Build-a-Plane Challenge – an ambitious volunteers from across the Society’s membership and innovative programme to provide six who have supported the Schools Build-a-Plane secondary schools the opportunity to gain hands Challenge and Cool Aeronautics programmes, on experience of building a real-life aircraft to sponsors past and present including Boeing, AAR, Permit to Fly status Airbus and ADS Group, and representatives from  The Falcon Initiative – encouraging schools the STEM/aerospace community including the UK to design and build their own prototype flight Space Agency, Royal Academy of Engineering, simulator Aerospace Growth Partnership and Aviation Industry New careers resources Skills Board.  Career Flightpath magazine – covering the depth Members of the Society’s Education and Skills and breadth of aerospace and aviation careers Committee, chaired by Past President Jenny Body  Careers in Aerospace website – impartial and established in 2013 to steer the Society’s work

50 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 in this area also attended. Most importantly of all, we were delighted to welcome many of the young people and teachers who have participated in our programmes, including Falcon Initiative pupils from Ryburn Valley High School and Dene Magna School and many previous SBAP pupils who are now embarking on their own careers, including former Yateley, Ernesford Grange and Marling pupils, as well as RAeS young members. The event was a chance to thank our wonderful supporters and to highlight Society’s important work to Government and the wider STEM community. Dame Rosie Winterton MP, Deputy Speaker, and Michelle Donelan MP, member of the Education Select Committee, each provided insightful speeches into the importance of STEM, inspiring young people and providing careers advice and guidance. Dame Rosie has been aware of the work by the Yorkshire Air Museum to produce the Reach Above: Astronaut Tim Peake for the Sky children’s booklet supported by the captivates children at a Cool RAeS and the positive impact it has had. Aeronautics event at Hamilton Michelle Donelan highlighted her passion for Place on 9 November. Left: Careers in Aerospace engineering and ensuring younger generations, LIVE 2017. particularly girls, don’t see it as a ‘dirty career’ but one where the latest technology can produce real change. We were also joined by a number of peers and MPs, including Mark Harper MP who spent a long time talking with Dene Magna pupils about their work on their flight simulator concepts.

The next 20 years

The past two decades have seen the rise of a new generation of young people who have only website. Friends and family are also key, so raising known the digital age. We decided to look at the public awareness is also important. perceptions of careers in aerospace and aviation The survey tells us that young people value MICHELLE among today’s 18-30 year-olds to better understand real-life interaction and experiences with industry, DONELAN what has influenced their career decisions and particularly through work experience, not just static commissioned ComRes to carry out a specific resources. The RAeS will continue to help the HIGHLIGHTED survey, the results of which form the basis of a industry in providing real-life engineering experience HER PASSION new paper, ‘Perceptions of Careers in Aerospace opportunities. FOR and Aviation Among Millennials’, launched at the Government and Parliament have an important ENGINEERING Reception with a keynote speech from RAeS role. The success of the Aerospace Growth President, Sir Stephen Dalton. Partnership (AGP) demonstrates the value of AND ENSURING Sir Stephen highlighted that aerospace and working collaboratively through industrial strategies. YOUNGER aviation is one of the most vibrant and important Inspirational campaigns, such as the Year of GENERATIONS, sectors in the global economy with the UK Engineering and the centenary of the Royal Air benefitting from having the second largest civil Force in 2018, will also provide golden opportunities PARTICULARLY aerospace industry in the world, generating £32bn to capture the imagination of young people and GIRLS, DON’T of turnover and the biggest aviation network in the RAeS looks forward to supporting them SEE IT AS Europe. The development of skilled employees is wholeheartedly. A ‘DIRTY the life blood of any industry and UK aerospace The industry faces major challenges as well and aviation is no different. As a generation reaches as opportunities from Brexit, the RAeS will do CAREER’ BUT retirement, it’s important to attract more people, everything we can to reach more young people, ONE WHERE especially millennials, into the industry. parents and teachers. We look forward to the THE LATEST Our survey indicates that people look to their continued support of our partners and volunteers TECHNOLOGY schools and teachers for advice. Thus, schools must who make our work possible and again use this have easy access to readily available and impartial opportunity to thank all those whose support has CAN PRODUCE advice, such as through the Careers in Aerospace been invaluable. REAL CHANGE

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2018 51 Afterburner Diary

EVENTS www.aerosociety/events LECTURES www.aerosociety/events BAY OF PLENTY Award Lectures. Young 6pm. 1 February 9 February — Branch AGM Persons’ competition. 6 March — Sir Michael The Role of Satellites in the Digital Society of Tomorrow and BBQ. 6 March — Australian bush Marshall Lecture Competition. Rupert Pearce, Chief Executive Officer, Inmarsat flying. Paul Catanach. 4pm. Contact Jonathan Burnip Space Group Lecture BEDFORD 20 March — Future ETPS. for details at competition@ ARA Social Club, Manton Paul Shakespeare. cambridgeraes.info 6 February Lane, Bedford. 7pm. Marylyn 10 April — Branch AGM 8 March — Dr Norman De Maximising the Value of Air Weapon Systems Wood, T +44 (0)1933 and An independent RAF – Bruyne Heritage Plaque Weapon Systems & Technology Group Conference 353517. inspiration or aberration? Greg unveiling. 4pm. 14 February — Maximising Baughen. 8 March — Young People’s 15 February the value of air weapon Lecture. Airlander – what the The Early Years of the RAF: A Cautionary Tale of History in the systems. Michael Hersey, BRISTOL future holds. Simon Evans, Making Lockheed Martin UK. Concorde Room, BAWA HAV, Head of Business Sophy Gardner, Postgraduate Researcher, University of Exeter 14 March — Sir John Leisure Centre, 589 Development. Followed by Joint lecture with the RAF Museum Charnley Lecture. The role of Southmead Road, Filton. Branch Dinner at 8pm (by simulation in support of F-35/ 6.30pm. Anna Pugh, T +44 ticket, Hotel Du Vin. 21 February QEC aircraft-ship integration. (0)117 9361643. 27 March — Branch visit AeroChallenge 2018 Dr Steve Hodge, BAE Systems. 22 February — Composites to RAF Marham. Booking Young Persons’ Committee aeronautical quiz 11 April — Branch AGM in Rolls-Royce. Andy Webb, required. followed by Mathematical Head of CTAL. 12 April — Branch AGM modelling the search 22 March — Can an aircraft (7.15pm) followed by UAS for MH370. Dr Nira C fly forever? Jonathan Hallett, (7.30pm). Chamberlain. Airbus A300/A310 Chief

Chris Colohan Engineer. CANBERRA BIRMINGHAM, 13 February — Training at WOLVERHAMPTON AND BROUGH Qantas. Capt Matt Grey. COSFORD Cottingham Parks Golf Club. National Cold War Museum, 7.30pm. Ben Groves, CARDIFF RAF Museum Cosford, T +44 (0)1482 663938. BAMC. 7pm. Shifnal, Shropshire. 7pm. 7 February — Mission E [email protected] Chris Hughes, T +44 (0)1902 Aviation Fellowship – 21 February — Policing from 844523. operational bush flying. Capt the air – tales of a helicop. 15 February — Principles Bryan Pill. Gary Smart. of aircraft ejection seat 14 March — Lightning 21 March — Tom Dalton, engineering. Philip Rowles, strike – Protection of Virgin Atlantic. 28 February Chief Engineer, Martin-Baker. aircraft. Prof Christopher 18 April — Branch AGM The Future of Human Powered Flight – What we’ve learned 15 March — J D North Jones, Lead Technologist for followed by Keys don’t float from DaSH Lecture. Moog Aircraft Group, Electromagnetics and Lightning – all you need to know about Alec Proudfoot, Chief Designer, Proudfoot Design Valiant Way, Wolverhampton. Strike, Military Air & Information, Flying Floats – operational Human Powered Aircraft Group Lecture 19 April — 100 years of BAE Systems, BAE Systems Float Flying with MAF. Capt the Royal Air Force. Dr Ross Engineering Fellow. Bryan Pill. 1 March Mahoney, historian, RAF 11 April — 64th Sir George Is there a future for MRO? Museum. Cayley Lecture. 7pm. CHRISTCHURCH Cobham Lecture Theatre, 27 March BOSCOMBE DOWN CAMBRIDGE Bournemouth University, Talbot The Royal Air Force at 100 Lecture Theatre, MoD Cambridge University Campus, Wallisdown. 7.30pm. ACM Sir Stephen Hillier, Chief of the Air Staff, Royal Air Force Boscombe Down. 5.15pm. Engineering Dept. 6pm. Roger Starling, Lecture Visitors please register at Jin-Hyun Yu, T +44 (0)1223 E rogerstarling593@btinternet. least four days in advance 373129. com 9 April (name and car registration 1 February — 18th Sir 22 February — Flight – the Air Ambulance Conference 2018 required) E secretary@ Arthur Marshall Lecture. human factor. Ashley Morgan, Conference BoscombeDownRAeS.org Air Battlespace Training FAST archivist. 6 February — Heavy Aircraft Centre. Air Cdre Al Seymour, 22 March — Controlling 24 April Test Squadron – End of an Commandant, Air Warfare 9/11. Phil Holt. Human Performance of Pilots – The Next 40 Years era? Colin Froude. Centre. Churchill College, 26 April — Branch AGM Conference 20 February — Joe Morrall Storey’s Way, Cambridge. followed by High Altitude 24 April The Future of Business Aviation Networking Event Nico Hülkenberg driving for Renault at the 2017 Malaysian Grand Prix. Dr Steve Liddle will discuss F1 aerodynamics at Heathrow on 8 February and Richard Stephens will discuss the same subject at 9 May Oxford on 20 March. Morio. RAF Weapons – Past, Present and Future

10 May RAeS AGM and Annual Banquet

All lectures start at 18.00hrs unless otherwise stated. Conference proceedings are available at www.aerosociety.com/news/proceedings

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52 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 Defence Innovations and the NIFTI System Development Program Lead.

MUNICH 5.30pm. 1 February — Volocopter – manntragender Multikopter als Lufttaxi der Zukunft. Jan Zwiener, Senior Systems Engineer Volocopter.

OXFORD The Magdalen Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford. 7pm. Nigel Randall, E oaktree. [email protected] 20 March — F1 aerodynamics. Richard Stephens, Aerodynamicist, Renault Sport Racing. 20 April — Sadler Lecture and dinner. Space launch systems past, present and future. Dr Adam Baker, Senior A Lockheed Martin F-35B fires the last Flight Sciences separation test of an AIM-132 ASRAAM. Michael Hersey will discuss Lecturer in Astronautics, maximising the value of air weapon systems at Bedford on 14 February. Lockheed Martin. Kingston University.

PRESTON UAVs. Paul Brooks, MD, T +44 (0)1252 614618. in Hamburg. Sven Lutze, Plant Dr Matthieu Gresil, School Personnel and Conference Prismatic. 13 February — Cody Lecture. Programmes, Airbus Hamburg. of Materials, Manchester Centre, BAE Systems, Warton. Flying the Shuttleworth aircraft. Joint lecture with DGLR, VDI University. 7.30pm. Alan Matthews, COVENTRY Paul Shakespeare, Empire Test and HAW. 20 February — The Airlander T +44 (0)1995 61470. Lecture Theatre ECG26, Pilots’ School. airship project. 14 February — Branch Engineering & Computing 14 March — Watchkeeper HATFIELD 13 March — Rolls-Royce AGM followed by Weapons Building, Coventry University, UAS technology developments. Lindop Building, Room A166, Aero Engines: a proud heritage technology – the story of Coventry. 7.30pm. Janet Owen, Nick Miller, Thales UK. Joint University of Hertfordshire, and an exciting future. Prof Ric BROACH. Bernard Gethings, T +44 (0)2476 464079. lecture with IMechE and IET. College Lane, Hatfield. 7pm. Parker, ex-Technical Director BAE Systems Ordnance 15 February — Meggitt University of Surrey, Guildford. Maurice James, T +44 Rolls-Royce. Retired. Lecture and Dinner. Holiday 10 April — Templer Lecture. (0)7958 775441. 14 March — Frank Roe Inn Coventry South, London The RAF – the first 100 years. 14 February — Student MANCHESTER Lecture. Flight development. Road, Ryton on Dunsmore, ACM Sir Stephen Dalton, lecture competition. 7pm. Hania Mohiuddin. Peter Kosogorin, BAE Systems Coventry. RAeS President. 21 March — The Queens E [email protected] Flight, Operations, Warton. 21 March — Lanchester Flight. Sqn Ldr Graham Laurie. 7 February — Digital aircraft. Canberra Club, Samlesbury, Lecture. GLOUCESTER AND 18 April — Sir Geoffrey de Paul Stephenson. Room 233, NOTE: this will be a ticketed 18 April — Branch AGM CHELTENHAM Havilland Lecture. Sir George Newton Building, Salford event (£5), including a buffet. followed by Large scale model Safran Landing Systems, Zambellas, former First Sea University. 11 April — RAF Canberra aircraft and UAVs. Chris Bland, Restaurant Conference Room, Lord. Weston Auditorium, de 14 March — Roy Chadwick PR and EW operations – Coventry University. off Down Hatherley Lane. Havilland Campus, University Lecture. The BAE Systems recollections of the Cold War 7.30pm. Gary Murden, T +44 of Hertfordshire. 146 water bomber. Dr Michael 1969-1989. Mike Howes, BAE CRANWELL (0)1452 715165. West, BAE Systems Regional Systems Flight Operations, Daedalus Officers’ Mess, 20 February — Delivering HEATHROW Aircraft. Gold Suite, The Ret’d. RAF Cranwell. 7.30pm. For mission critical services – British Airways Theatre, Deanwater Hotel, Wilmslow non-pass holders notification Partners Evening. Alex Stobo, Waterside, Harmondsworth. Road, Stockport. PRESTWICK of intended arrival should be Director of Operations Mission 6.15pm. For security passes 18 April — Branch AGM The Aviator Suite, 1st Floor, made to the Branch Secretary. Critical Services Onshore – please contact Dr Ana Pedraz, followed by the Teddy Fielding Terminal Building, Prestwick 5 February — Whittle Aviation Babcock International E secretary.raeslhr@gmail. young persons’ mini-lecture Airport. 7.30pm. John Wragg, Lecture. Celebration of the jet. Group and Paul Westaway, com or T +44 (0)7936 competition. Room E5, T +44 (0)1655 750270. Hannah Beevors, Red Arrows Director of Customer Services. 392799. Aerospace Research Institute, 12 February — Bush flying. photographer. 20 March — Graphene. 8 February — F1 James Lighthill Building, Paul Catanach. 5 March — Flying for life. Tim 19 April — Branch lecture aerodynamics: modelling for University of Manchester, 12 March — Transatlantic Allen. Joint lecture with RIN. and dinner. Concorde to Brexit. performance. Dr Steve Liddle, Sackville Street, Manchester. journey. Eddie McCallum. 9 April — 40 years of the Prof Keith Hayward. Hatherly Principal Aerodynamicist, 9 April — Branch AGM Hawk. Steven Blee. Manor Hotel, Gloucester. 7pm. Renault Sport F1. MEDWAY followed by Secret ops of the 8 March — Silver City Airways Staff Restaurant, BAE Wooden Wonder. Paul Beaver. DERBY HAMBURG – The first 70 years. Paul Systems, Marconi Way, Nightingale Hall, Moor Lane, Hochschule für Angewandte Ross, Chairman, Silver City Rochester. 7pm. Robin Heaps, SEATTLE Derby. 5.30pm. Chris Sheaf, Wissenschaften Hamburg, Association. T +44 (0)1634 377973. William M Allen Theater, T +44 (0)1332 269368. Hörsaal 01.12 Berliner Tor 5 12 April — Past, present and 21 February — Flying the Museum of Flight, 9404 East 21 March — Evolution in (Neubau), 20099 Hamburg. future of atmospheric research tracks. Sean Leahy, Network Marginal Way South, Seattle, aerodynamic design. Behrooz 6pm. flying in the UK. Prof Guy Rail. Washington. 6.30pm. Barzegar. 22 March — Breaking the Gratton, National Centre for 21 March — The safety 13 February — Bombshell – 18 April — Young persons’ world altitude gyroplane record Atmospheric Science (NCAS). aspects of drones. Peter Stastny. the Hedy Lamarr Story. A film lecture competition and with a Magni Gyro M16. Dr by Alexandra Dean. Branch AGM. Donatella Ricci, Leonardo LOUGHBOROUGH MELBOURNE Helicopters, Venice. Joint Room U020, Brockington Engineers Australia, Level 31, SOLENT FARNBOROUGH lecture with DGLR, VDI and Building, Loughborough 600 Bourke Street, Melbourne. Turner Sims Concert Hall, BAE Systems Park Centre, HAW. University. 7.30pm. Colin Moss, 6.30pm. Highfield Campus, University Farnborough Aerospace 26 April — Airbus single-aisle T +44 (0)1509 239962. 14 February — Non-intrusive of Southampton, Southampton. Centre. 7.30pm. Dr Mike step change Hamburg – a 6 February — Graphene – flight test instrumentation. 6pm. Ticketed event, please Philpot, new structural assembly line the new material for aviation. Warren Canning, Chairman of book via:

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E [email protected] The Defence Academy of the 5 March — R J Mitchell United Kingdom, Joint Services Lecture. Aerodynamics design Command Staff College, and testing in elite sport and Shrivenham. 7.30pm. New product development. Rob attendees must provide details Lewis, TotalSim. of the vehicle they will be using not later than five days before SOUTHEND the event. Photo ID will be The Royal Naval Association, required at the gate (Driving 79 East Street, Southend-on- Licence/Passport). Advise Sea. 8pm. Sean Corr, T +44 attendance preferably via email (0)20 7929 3400. to [email protected] or 13 February — Air operations Branch Secretary Colin Irvin, in Afghanistan. Wg Cdr Paul T +44 (0)7740 136609. Morris (Ret’d). 7 February — Unmanned 13 March — The Airbus aviation support. Sqn Ldr Nick E-Fan. Dr Panagiotis Harrington. Laskaridis, Senior Lecturer, 7 March — Joint Air Delivery Centre for Propulsion Test and Evaluation Unit Engineering, Cranfield (JADTEU). Sqn Ldr Nick University. Joint lecture with Harrington. Joint lecture with IMechE. The Forum, Elmer the Defence Academy for 16- Square, Southend-on-Sea. 18 year-olds. 10 April — Branch AGM. 4 April — Sir George Greenhill Lecture. STEVENAGE Dr Donatella Ricci over the Venice Lagoon in her Magni Gyro M16 following her record-breaking The Metropolitan Restaurant, TOULOUSE autogyro flight to 27,556ft. Dr Ricci will discuss the flight at Hamburg on 22 March.Donatella Ricci. MBDA, Six Hills Way, Symposium Room, B01, Airbus Stevenage. 6pm. Matt Cappell, HQ/SAS, 1 rond point Maurice E matthew.cappell@mbda- Bellonte, 31707 Blagnac. WASHINGTON DC Washington DC Branch. E david.mccallum@ syatems.com 6pm. Contact: Pass@RAeS- 8 February — Cyber security 12 April — Branch AGM and leonardocompany.com 24 April — Leslie Bedford Toulouse.org for a security pass. in international aviation – a Leading Edge Award. 15 February – Reggie Lecture. ACM Sir Stephen 20 February — Rolls-Royce problem of trust obscured Brie Young Persons Lecture Hillier, CAS. Mini-Lecture Competition. by a cloud of technology. A YEOVIL Competition. 20 March — Airbus wing panel discussion moderated Dallas Conference Room 1A, 15 March – F-35 ski jump SWINDON moving track at Broughton, by William R Voss, Chairman, Leonardo Helicopters, Yeovil. testing. Gordon Stewart, The Montgomery Theatre, UK. Royal Aeronautical Society 6.30pm. David Mccallum, QinetiQ.

RAeS / AHS / AIAA / SAE

INTERNATIONAL

POWERED LIFT Publication Partner 2018 HUMAN POWERED FLIGHT AND CONFERENCE 2018 GENERAL AVIATION EVENTS CALL FOR PAPERS This year we will be running a number of General Aviation related BRISTOL , UK / 13 - 15 NOVEMBER 2018 events listed below: In 2018, the International 28 February: The Future of Human Powered Lift Conference Powered Flight (IPLC) returns to the UK. This gathering of top TBC April: The Future of UK Airfields powered-lift propulsion follow on experts is a unique opportunity for 14-22 July: Icarus Cup 2018 those wanting to learn TBC September: Historic Aircraft the latest advances in the Maintenance Seminar challenging regime of vertical and/or short take-off and 19 November: 2018 Light Aircraft landing (V/STOL) flight, and Design Conference to learn about the latest powered lift-related systems. The General Aviation Design Competition is also open until 30 www.aerosociety.com/IPLC2018 June, please view our website for more info. Call for Papers www.aerosociety.com/events Abstract Deadline 28 April 2018 Authors Notified 12 June 2018 Sponsorship and exhibitor opportunities are available for these events. For Programme released 15 July 2018 more information please contact [email protected] or +44 (0)20 7670 4345 Sponsorship: For more information contact [email protected]

54 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 Corporate Partners NEW PARTNERS EVENTS

Please note: Attendance at Corporate Partner Briefings is strictly exclusive to staff of RAeS Corporate Partners.

Monday 6 February 2018 / London MARTYN FIDDLER AVIATION Minister for Armed Forces Breakfast Briefing 9 Station Road, Stansted, Essex CM24 8BE, UK Mark Lancaster TD MP, Member of Parliament for Milton Keynes North and E [email protected] Minister of State for the Armed Forces W www.martynfiddler.aero This briefing is not exclusive to RAeS Corporate Partners Contact Nicole Taylor, Marketing Co-ordinator Thursday 22 February 2018 / London The UK SAR Helicopter Service Martyn Fiddler Aviation has over 30 years’ Corporate Partner Briefing by Russell Torbet CBE, Director UK SAR, Bristow experience in helping clients own and import their Helicopters Limited aircraft. We have unrivalled in-house capabilities Sponsor to identify issues and provide solutions for business aircraft owners and operators, airlines and aircraft leasing companies. Our specialist aviation services apply to: Monday 19 March 2018 / London taxation, ownership, EU importation, exportation Protecting, securing and defending the Royal Air Force for its next hundred and customs matters. Our clients benefit from the years of service experience, training and expertise of a dedicated Corporate Partner Briefing by Air Cdre Frank Clifford OBE MA* RAF, RAF aviation team working together on solutions which Force Protection Force Commander can save the client time and expense. Further briefing dates to be advised.

www.aerosociety.com/events For further information, please contact Gail Ward E [email protected] or T +44 (0)1491 629912

AVTRADE Sayers Common, West Sussex BN6 9JQ, UK T +44 (0)1273 833330 THE AIM OF THE RAeS Corporate Partner Scheme W www.avtrade.com CORPORATE The RAeS is the ONLY professional body Contact PARTNER dedicated to the entire aerospace community. David Brown, Director of Business Development SCHEME IS TO It retains a sense of history and tradition, Serving aviation since 1985, Avtrade is a leading while maintaining its energy and relevance and global component service provider to the aviation BRING TOGETHER ability to contribute to today’s environment and industry. Specialist in bespoke aircraft Component ORGANISATIONS is ideally placed to face the challenges of the and Support Solutions. With UK headquarters and TO PROMOTE future. global offices in Dubai, Singapore, Moscow, Miami By joining the Society’s Corporate Partner and China. Avtrade provides an extensive range BEST PRACTICE Scheme, your organisation aligns itself to the of services through local support and dedicated WITHIN THE Charter of the Royal Aeronautical Society and account management to customers worldwide. INTERNATIONAL demonstrates a commitment to professional 250 multilingual and multicultural employees development of engineering and technical staff deliver a range of global solutions to over 800 AEROSPACE within the aerospace community. airlines including: inventory management, repairs, SECTOR pooling, leasing, sale, loan and exchange 24hours AIM a day, 365 days a year. The aim of the Corporate Partner Scheme is to bring together organisations to promote best practice within the international aerospace sector. With over 300 members worldwide, the scheme provides a respected and recognised Contact: independent forum of discussion and information Simon Levy exchange on issues facing the aerospace Head of Business Development sector, as well as providing unique networking E [email protected] opportunities with influential figures in the T +44 (0)20 7670 4346 industry, government and public sector. M +44 (0)7775 701153

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FELLOWS ASSOCIATES Karthick Sengunthapuram SOCIETY OFFICERS Paul Wilde Michael Jeffreys Kandasamy Kevin van Giessen Marlini Simoes President: ACM Sir Stephen Dalton MEMBERS Stephen Syson President-Elect: Rear Admiral Simon Henley E-ASSOCIATES Emmanuel Taiwo Martin Broomhead Christian Teixeira BOARD CHAIRMEN Natalia Garcia- Robert Barrett Abhishek Thapa Fernandez Gabrielle Bryne Paul Ward Learned Society Chairman: Andrew Griffin Philip Carey Stuart Watson Air Cdre Peter Round David Hankin Ming Lok Stephen Choi Alastair Wyatt Membership Services Chairman: Simon Hayes Jamie Corr Philip Spiers Thagapillai Kannan Jonathan Drury AFFILIATES Professional Standards Chairman: Jordan Lee Łukasz Kasztelewicz Prof Jonathan Cooper Patrick Kirk Nathaniel Roocroft ASSOCIATE Peter Macpherson DIVISION PRESIDENTS MEMBERS Ruvarashe Nyaruwata STUDENT AFFILIATES Alexander Rice Australia: Andrew Neely Nicholas Gratton Christopher Rush Alexander Hagelberg New Zealand: John MaciIree Zachary Harter Pakistan: AM Salim Arshad Rewsen Yildirim-Nevay South African: Dr Glen Snedden John Watts Young WITH REGRET The RAeS announces with regret the deaths of the 1930-2018 following members: Former NASA astronaut John Young passed away on 5 January aged 87. After William John Baker CEng FRAeS 83 serving as a US Navy pilot and test pilot, John Young joined NASA in 1962 as Dr Derek George Brooks part of Astronaut Group 2. Young flew on Gemini 3 and Gemini 10, then Apollo CEng MRAeS 88 10 as Command Module pilot. As Commander of Apollo16 Young completed William George Bush IEng AMRAeS 74 three Moon walks totalling over 20 hours. In January 1973 Young was made Maurice Cecil Curties FRAeS 96 Chief of the Space Shuttle Branch of the Astronaut Office and, a year later, he became Chief of the Astronaut Office after the retirement of Alan Shepard. Dr David Hywel Davies FREng Affiliate 88 He commanded the programme’s 1981 maiden orbital flight, STS-1 and in Gordon Lander Gunstone CEng FRAeS 94 1983 commanded STS-9, which carried the first Spacelab module, both were Columbia flights. Raymond Habgood IEng AMRAeS 88 John Henry Hawthorne CEng MRAeS 92 Clockwise from top left: John Young shortly before the lift-off of Gemini 3. John Young jumps on the Moon during the Apollo 16 mission. John Young, left, with Robert Crippen, who crewed STS-1, the Frank Houseman IEng FRAeS 95 first space shuttle orbital flight.NASA. Lynn Perkins CEng MRAeS 75 Donald John Slessor Affiliate 54 Sam Hey Whitworth FRAeS 91 Capt Michael Edward Wood FRAeS 69 Peter Wright Affiliate 88 Correction In the December 2017 issue of AEROSPACE we incorrectly published Willy Richard John Hockin OBE FRAeS in the ‘With Regret’ section. We are pleased to be able to announce he is still alive and well.

We offer our sincerest apologies for any distress caused.

56 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2018 2018 Honours, Medals & Awards

The most prestigious and long-standing awards in global aerospace honouring achievements, innovation and excellence.

The Society’s Honours, Medals and Awards are open to everyone in and supporting the global aerospace community – from senior professionals to students and graduates.

Do you know an individual or team that has made an outstanding contribution to aerospace and merit recognition? Nominate them today. The nomination form can be found on our website www.aerosociety.com/medalsandawards. The closing date for the 2018 round is 31 March 2018.

For further information call Scott Phillips on +44 (0)20 7670 4303 or email [email protected] The Last Word COMMENTARY FROM Professor Keith Hayward FRAeS

Industrial Strategy 2017 – another go round the buoy o, with much trumpeting, the current as a partner in larger, higher leveraged programmes. government launched a wider Industrial This again points to the increasingly large Brexit Strategy last November. The public focus elephant in the room that was studiously ignored by was on the ‘Five Foundations’ that would the 2017 Industrial Strategy. The Royal Aeronautical embrace sectors and concepts such Society, along with a number of significant UK-based Sas life sciences and driverless cars, robotics and aerospace firms, has raised the spectre of the UK artificial intelligence. In many respects this is the losing access to EU-funded programmes that are ‘generic’ approach to the public support for industry considerably larger than any national programme. that has tried to avoid the much-derided ‘picking British universities are already reporting that they winners’ approach of the 1960s. However, it is are being frozen out of bids for the next round of more limited in its approach to regional re-balancing EU funding, anticipating a hard Brexit. Even if the (other policies have implicitly, if not explicitly, post 2019 relationship with the EU is favourable, the continued to favour the ‘golden triangle’ of the UK may have lost partners and may be a number of South-East). There is also a failure (all too often in important aerospace related opportunities. similar strategic documents since 1997) credibly to address the persistent and pernicious British Productivity still the problem weakness of investment short-termism. Nor is it strong on implementation, again all too typical of Brexit uncertainties notwithstanding, there is still policy failings over the past 20 years. a more fundamental deficiency in UK industrial productivity to be addressed. The Industry Strategy Aerospace has a strategy – but directed and earlier increases in science funding should largely at Europe help to fill some of the knowledge gaps that have undermined UK competitiveness. However, the As far as aerospace is concerned, the new Industrial perennial problem has been traversing the ‘valley Strategy has something to offer but, as Paul Everett, of death’ that all too often leads to a failure to CEO of the trade association ADS noted on the convert great discoveries into industrial products. In HOWEVER, THE BBC Radio 4 Today programme, aerospace has Germany, the famed Fraunhofer system has helped already benefitted from a targeted government- to forge direct links between publicly supported PERENNIAL industry funded scheme. This included establishing researchers and industry. There have been several PROBLEM the Aerospace Technology Institute (ATI) to attempts to graft a similar set of institutions onto the HAS BEEN oversee the process and don’t forget also an earlier British system but this always seems to hit the rocks commitment to the space sector that has provided a of cultural difference. TRAVERSING solid basis for expansion into the 2020s. But some The recently launched initiative to exploit THE ‘VALLEY decision on a post-Typhoon aircraft – and not just graphene, discovered at the University of OF DEATH’ a combat drone – may soon be needed, especially Manchester, as well the much-lauded Advanced THAT ALL TOO if France and Germany do launch a new manned Manufacturing Research Centre at Sheffield, programme and offer the UK a slot. provides some hope of filling this critical gap. But OFTEN LEADS A critical factor underlying successive again, the proverbial failure to join up the policies TO A FAILURE TO campaigns to bolster UK aerospace nationally in and to back the effort with long-term public and CONVERT GREAT the context of collaborative programmes was the private funding is depressing. It still seems a lot DISCOVERIES need to complement our access to EU aero-related easier to build support for prestigious large-scale funds that were growing throughout these years. A infrastructure projects, such as the HS2 rail line, INTO INDUSTRIAL properly funded national research effort would both than invest in less dramatic incremental gains PRODUCTS support national competences and bolster our value across a number of linked sectors.

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