DOCSLIB.ORG

Health Development Fund

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Health Development Fund HEALTH DEVELOPMENT FUND Programme Document for a Multi-donor Pooled Fund for Health in Zimbabwe (2016-2020) A Coordinated Effort by the Government of Zimbabwe and Development Partners in supporting the Ministry of Health and Child Care to im - prove equitable access and quality of health care in Zimbabwe, with special em - phasis on Women, Newborns, Children and Adolescents August 2015 Supporting the National Health Strategy EAL Y H TH R A C A to improve access to quality health M I R Health R E P M care in Zimbabwe E I A N Development Fund N R I H S O A T E I C R A T Y L A D O T H Y N IL F CH HEALTH & Z IMBABWE Canadian International Development Agency HEALTH DEVELOPMENT FUND Programme Document for a Multi-donor Pooled Fund for Health in Zimbabwe (2016-2020) A Coordinated Effort by the Government of Zimbabwe and Development Partners in supporting the Ministry of Health and Child Care to im - prove equitable access and quality of health care in Zimbabwe, with special em - phasis on Women, Newborns, Children and Adolescents August 2015 Supporting the National Health Strategy EAL Y H TH R A C A to improve access to quality health M I R Health R E P M care in Zimbabwe E I A N Development Fund N R I H S O A T E I C R A T Y L A D O T H Y N IL F CH HEALTH & Z IMBABWE Canadian International Development Agency Foreword A Coordinated Effort by the Government of Zimbabwe and Development Partners in supporting the Ministry of Health and Child Care to improve equitable access and quality of health care in Zimbabwe, with special emphasis on Women, Newborns, Children and Adolescents We the undersigned pledge our commitment to realizing the targets which we have set in this document for the improved access and equity for quality of health care for the mothers and children of Zimbabwe. The HDF comes at a time when a good baseline has been created by the Health Transition Fund and the Integrated Support Programme among the other Programmes which have worked to reduce the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and the infant mortality rate (IMR). These achievements though significant, have not yet reached the targets which the country requires to be called a healthy nation and as such the Health Development Fund has new targets which are in line with the National Health Strategy 2016- 2020. The target for MMR by 2020 is set at 350 maternal deaths for every 100,000 live births. This is ambitious, but we are hopeful that should the resources be made available this can be achieved in the coming five years. In addition to this, Sexual and Reproductive Health an important and critical component of the National Health Strategy is included in the HDF. It is targeted to reduce the unmet need for family planning to 6.5% by the end of 2020 as the main tracer indicator for the efforts that will be put into Sexual Reproductive Health Rights in Zimbabwe. Brigadier General (Dr) G. Gwinji Annabel Gerry Permanent Secretary for Health and Child Care DFID Head of Office in Zimbabwe HDF Chair HDF Co-Chair R. Hossaini Cheich Tidiane Cisse UNICEF Country Representative UNFPA Country Representative HDF Fund Administrator Participating UN Agency i Contents Summary of Contribution ..............................................................................ii Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................v Executive Summary .....................................................................................ix 1 Background ............................................................................................1 2 Situation Overview of Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health .....................................................................7 3 Health Development Fund - Overall Goal and Purpose .......................20 4 Thematic Areas - Detailed Description .................................................22 5 Coordination and Cross Cutting Issues ...............................................33 6 Feasibility and Risks .............................................................................35 7 Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting ..................................................37 8 Programme Management .....................................................................40 9 Programme Co-ordination ....................................................................46 10 Resourcing the Health Development Fund ..........................................48 Annex 1: MIMS 2009, DHS 2010 and MICS 2014 Indicator Trends and HDF Baselines .........................................................52 ii Summary of Contribution Country Zimbabwe Title of Proposal Health Development Fund (2016-2020) Proposed Donors Governments of Canada, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, United (currently involved in the Kingdom, European Union, and GAVI. (It is envisaged that HTF) additional donors will also become involved). Project Duration 5 years - 2016 to 2020 Funds Required US$ 681.91 Million (total amount for 5 years ) Objective Aim: To support the Ministry of Health and Child Care in the context of the 2016-2020 National Health Sector Strategy to achieve its goals of improving the quality of life of its citizens, through guaranteeing every Zimbabwean access to comprehensive and effective health services. Goal: To contribute to reducing maternal mortality (by 50%) from 614 and under-5 mortality (by 50%) from 75, by ensuring equitable access to quality health services for women and children by 2020; and to contribute to the reduction of the unmet need for family planning to 6.5%, halving the prevalence of stunting in children under-5 from 28% and eliminating MTCT by 2020, combating HIV and AIDS, Malaria and other prevalent diseases Purpose: To continue to consolidate and improve on gains made in maternal, new born child and adolescent (young people) health by strengthening health systems and scaling up the implementation of high impact Reproductive Maternal New born Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH-A); and nutrition interventions through support to the health sector. Thematic Area 1, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Expected Results Nutrition l National coverage of focused ANC (4 visits) increased to 80% by 2020 l National skilled birth attendance rate increased to 85 % by 2020 iii Health Development Fund Programme Document 2015 Expected Results l Access to comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care increased to 85 % by 2020 l 90% provinces and districts conducting quarterly maternal death reviews by 2020 l National coverage of postnatal care (at least 2 visits in the first week after delivery) increased to 85% by 2020 l The proportion of sick newborns treated appropriately for sepsis according to national guidelines increased to 60% by 2020 l The proportion of sick children under-5 treated appropriately for common childhood illnesses (pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria) increased to 45%, 30% and 90% respectively by 2020 l National full immunization coverage increased to 75% by 2020 National coverage of exclusive breastfeeding rate increased to Expected Results l 60% by 2020 l The national coverage rate of timely and appropriate comple - mentary feeding increased to 70% by 2020 l The national coverage rate of twice a year Vitamin A Geographic Focus supplementation for children 6 -59 months of age increased Area to 90% by 2020 National coverage for Antiretroviral treatment for children Focus population l 0 – 14 years increased to 91% by 2020 Strategic Partners Thematic Area 2, Sexual Reproductive Health Rights l Percentage of users of long acting methods of contraception increased from 1% to 5% l Unmet need for family planning among females aged 15-19 re - duced from 17% to 8.5% l Unmet need (Limiting) for family planning (age 40-44) reduced from 12.9% to 6% l Percentage of sexually active HIV positive women who use a modern method of contraception (Contraceptive Prevalence Rate, CPR) increased from 63.8% to 68% l Percentage of women aged 15-49 accessing cervical cancer screening services increased from 9% to 35%. l Percentage of facilities offering youth friendly services that meet national standards increased from 6% to 25% l Percentage of young people among users of minimum pack - age of SRH services increased (to be defined and baselines to be determined) l Adolescent fertility rate reduced from 120 to 115 per 1000 l Percentage of young women 15-19 who have ever experi - enced physical violence decreased from 23% to 15% iv Health Development Fund Programme Document 2015 Expected Results l Percentage of women and girls who report having used services after being abused increased from 15% to 20% (police) and 2.2% to 10% (Social service) l 400 fistula repaired in supported sites by 2020. Thematic area 3, Medical Products, Vaccines and Technologies (Medicines and Commodities) l Availability of essential medicines including contraceptives (the selected package) and health commodities is maintained at 80% in all rural health facilities across Zimbabwe by 2020 l Availability of vaccines (antigens), vaccine supplies and cold chain equipment maintained at 90% in all health facilities across Zimbabwe by 2020 l Percentage of rural health facilities with a stock out in the last three months on the essential medicines. Thematic area 4, Human Resources for Health l 95% of Health facilities and health management offices are staffed with the minimum standard required and qualified pro - fessionals by 2020 Thematic area 5, Health Financing l Result Based Health Financing implemented in all rural health facilities of Zimbabwe
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Participation of Women in the Health
    Ayaz et al. Hum Resour Health (2021) 19:94 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-021-00635-7 REVIEW Open Access Participation of women in the health workforce in the fragile and confict-afected countries: a scoping review Basnama Ayaz1* , Maria Athina Martimianakis2, Carles Muntaner1 and Sioban Nelson1 Abstract Introduction and background: The full participation of women as healthcare providers is recognized globally as critical to favorable outcomes at all levels, including the healthcare system, to achieving universal health coverage and sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030. However, systemic challenges, gender biases, and inequities exist for women in the global healthcare workforce. Fragile and confict-afected states/countries (FCASs) experience addi- tional pressures that require specifc attention to overcome challenges and disparities for sustainable development. FCASs account for 42% of global deaths due to communicable, maternal, perinatal, and nutritional conditions, requir- ing an appropriate health workforce. Consequently, there is a need to understand the impact of gender on workforce participation, particularly women in FCASs. Methods: This scoping review examined the extent and nature of existing literature, as well as identifed factors afecting women’s participation in the health workforce in FCASs. Following Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology framework, a systematic search was conducted of published literature in fve health sciences databases and grey literature. Two reviewers independently screened the title and abstract, followed by a full-text review for shortlisted sources against set criteria. Results: Of 4284, 34 sources were reviewed for full text, including 18 primary studies, fve review papers, and 11 grey literature sources. In most FCASs, women predominate in the health workforce, concentrated in nursing and mid- wifery professions; medicine, and the decision-making and leadership positions, however, are occupied by men.
    [Show full text]
  • Investment Case Sixth Replenishment 2019 Ending the Epidemics of Hiv, Tuberculosis and Malaria by 2030 Is Within Reach, but Not Yet Fully in Our Grasp
    INVESTMENT CASE SIXTH REPLENISHMENT 2019 ENDING THE EPIDEMICS OF HIV, TUBERCULOSIS AND MALARIA BY 2030 IS WITHIN REACH, BUT NOT YET FULLY IN OUR GRASP. WITH ONLY 11 YEARS LEFT, WE HAVE NO TIME TO WASTE. WE MUST STEP UP THE FIGHT NOW. I. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Executive Summary 1 II. Ending AIDS, TB and Malaria is Critical to Achieving the SDGs and Universal Health Coverage 8 III. Step Up or Slip Back? 12 IV. More Innovation, Collaboration, and Execution 19 V. The Global Fund Needs at Least US$14 Billion for the Next Three-Year Cycle 29 VI. The Global Fund Partnership Builds on a Robust Track Record of Impact 39 VII. Conclusion: Now is the Time to Step Up the Fight 44 ANNEX 1: Selected Global Fund 2017-2022 Key Performance Indicators and Targets 47 ANNEX 2: Methodology for Estimating the Resource Needs 48 ANNEX 3: Projection of Available Resources 49 ANNEX 4: Methodology for Impact Modelling 51 ANNEX 5: Methodology for ROI calculation 54 ANNEX 6: Results: Essential Indicators 55 STEP UP THE FIGHT 2019 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 STEP UP THE FIGHT 2019 Ending the epidemics of HIV, tuberculosis and malaria The Global Fund plays a vital role in achieving this target If we don’t prevent teens, particularly girls, from getting by 2030 is within reach, but not yet fully in our grasp. and in accelerating progress toward universal health infected with HIV, the massive increase in the youth With only 11 years left, we have no time to waste. We coverage. While governments and communities must population in Africa will lead to more new infections must step up the fight now.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Economic Performance on Health in Zimbabwe
    The Impact of Economic Performance on Health in Zimbabwe Policy Brief By Dr. A. Makochekanwa Gaborone, Botswana Mobile: +267 76 19 19 97 : +267 7552 7583 Email : [email protected] :[email protected] 4th July 2012 1 1 Introduction The nexus between economic growth and health outcomes has been extensively studied. However the relationship between the two is not clear. Historically, decline in both infant and child mortality rates, and the fall in both male and female adult mortality rates especially since the turn of the 20 th century has been attributed to a multiplicity of factors associated with economic and social advancement. These factors include rising availability of material goods, urbanization, improved infrastructure and housing, rising levels of education, improvement in personal and social hygiene, medical advances, the disappearance of slavery, and other host of significant reductions in discrimination for gender, religious, ethnic groups, etc Whilst most studies and logical reasoning posits a positive relationship between economic growth and improved health, it is important to note that sometimes improved economic growth can result in decline in health. Granados and Ionides (2007) indicate that the negative association found between economic growth and health progress in the most recent half century. These modern studies reveal a short-term tendency of death rates to increase during economic expansions in industrialized countries in recent decades (Graham et al., 1992; Abdala et al., 2000; Ruhm 2000 and 2003). Despite existence of inverse relationship between increase in gross domestic product (GDP) and decline in health in some instances, this study is however going to dwell on the positive correlation between these two variables.
    [Show full text]
  • CSO GFF Platform-Building and Action-Planning Meeting Report
    Zimbabwe CSO GFF Platform-building and Action-planning Meeting Report Hosted by the CWGH in co-operation with the GFF Zimbabwe CSO Interim Steering Committee With support from CSO GFF HUB 19-21 February, 2020 PVO 01/2014 Harare, Zimbabwe Contents I. Background 1 II. Health Sector Investment Case & GFF Process in Zimbabwe 2 III. The HSIC We Want 5 IV. Coalition structure & leadership 7 V. Next steps 12 Appendix 1: Programme 13 Appendix 2: List of Participants 18 Zimbabwe CSO GFF Platform-building and Action-planning Meeting ound I. Background r Backg Zimbabwe joined the GFF in July 2019 to improve the health and nutrition of Zimbabwean people. The Government of Zimbabwe through the Ministry of Health and Child Care (MOHCC) is currently leading the GFF process. The experience of GFF countries has shown that civil society is most effective when it is structured and coordinated in a coalition. Through forming a new GFF CSO Platform, or designating an existing platform for engagement on GFF, Zimbabwean civil society can be stronger together. Civil society can collectively dene priorities to share information, ensure that policy and program “asks” by different members of the platform are mutually reinforcing and emphasize shared concerns, and streamline engagement with government and donors. A small team of Zimbabwean civil society organizations working in the health sector formed an interim coalition steering committee: CWGH, supported by Zimbabwe AIDS Network (ZAN), Women’s Action Group (WAG), and The Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research Zimbabwe (CeSHHAR Zimbabwe). This group worked with the CSO GFF Resource and Engagement Hub to design a workshop to orient Zimbabwean health civil society organizations to the GFF, and develop plans to engage in the process.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2018 Contents Message from Leadership
    annual report 2018 Contents message from leadership . 2 how we work . 4 our values . 6 where we work . 8 hiv/AIDS . 10 universal health coverage . 18 malaria . 26 maternal, newborn, and reproductive health . 32 diarrhea and pneumonia . 40 vaccines . 46 tuberculosis . 50 hepatitis . 54 nutrition . 60 cancer . 66 financials . 72 acknowledgements . 75 our leadership team . 76 board of directors . 76 image, front cover: boys laugh and pose outside a village madhya pradesh, india image, opposite: workers collect samples of malaria-carrying anopheles mosquitos guna yala comarca, panama message from leadership Every human life is sacred. Every child, regardless an eye toward universal health coverage. And, we of their place of birth or their family’s financial are supporting them to tackle non-communicable circumstances, deserves to have the opportunity diseases including cancer, a growing issue in many to fulfill his or her potential free from premature low-income countries. death or debilitating disease. Good-quality national CHAI’s strategy is defined by our approach to health systems that can accomplish these goals are accomplishing our mission. We take on large, essential to lift people from poverty. These are the ambitious projects that will have a major impact beliefs that motivate CHAI and our people. in saving lives. We do not deliver health services In 2018, CHAI grew almost 20 percent. We are ourselves. We believe the best way to create on track to do the same in 2019; increasing the large scale sustainable programs is to improve contribution to our mission of saving lives, reducing government and local private health delivery the burden of disease, and strengthening health systems so that the programs can continue long systems in low- and middle-income countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Issue (PDF)
    Dedicated to what works in global health programs GLOBAL HEALTH: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021 Volume 9 Number 1 www.ghspjournal.org EDITORS Editor-in-Chief Stephen Hodgins, MD, MSc, DrPH, Associate Professor, Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Alberta Editor-in-Chief Emeritus: James D. Shelton, MD, MPH, Retired Associate Editors Matthew Barnhart, MD, MPH, Senior Science Advisor, USAID, Bureau for Global Health Cara J. Chrisman, PhD, Deputy Division Chief, Emerging Threats Division, USAID, Bureau for Global Health Elaine Menotti, MPH, Deputy Division Chief, Service Delivery Improvement, USAID, Bureau for Global Health Jim Ricca, MD, MPH, Director, Adaptive Management, Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning, MOMENTUM, Jhpiego Madeleine Short Fabic, MHS, Supervisory Public Health Advisor, USAID, Bureau for Africa Abdulmumin Saad, MD, PhD, MPH, Senior Advisor, USAID, Bureau for Global Health Rajani Ved, MD, MPH, Executive Director, National Health Systems Resource Center, India Malaria: Michael Macdonald, ScD, Consultant, World Health Organization, Vector Control Unit, Global Malaria Programme Maternal Health: Marge Koblinsky, PhD, Independent Consultant Nutrition: Bruce Cogill, PhD, MS, Consultant Managing Staff Natalie Culbertson, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs Sonia Abraham, MA, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs EDITORIAL BOARD Zulfiqar Bhutta, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Aga Emmanuel (Dipo) Otolorin, Jhpiego, Nigeria Khan University, Pakistan James Phillips, Columbia University,
    [Show full text]
  • Zimbabwe Health System Assessment 2010
    ZIMBABWE HEALTH SYSTEM ASSESSMENT 2010 January 2011 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by John Osika, Danielle Altman, Leah Ekbladh, Itamar Katz, Ha Nguyen, Josh Rosenfeld (Abt Associates Inc.), Taylor Williamson (RTI International), and Sam Tapera (Best Practices, Ltd.) for Health Systems 20/20 Project. Mission The Health Systems 20/20 cooperative agreement, funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) for the period 2006-2011, helps USAID-supported countries address health system barriers to the use of life-saving priority health services. Health Systems 20/20 works to strengthen health systems through integrated approaches to improving financing, governance, and operations, and building sustainable capacity of local institutions. January 2011 For additional copies of this report, please email [email protected] or visit our website at www.healthsystems2020.org Cooperative Agreement No.: GHS-A-00-06-00010-00 Submitted to: Robert Emrey, CTO Health Systems Division Office of Health, Infectious Disease and Nutrition Bureau for Global Health United States Agency for International Development Recommended Citation: John Osika, Danielle Altman, Leah Ekbladh, Itamar Katz, Ha Nguyen, Josh Rosenfeld Taylor Williamson, and Sam Tapera. November 2010. Zimbabwe Health System Assessment 2010. Bethesda, MD: Health Systems 20/20 Project, Abt Associates Inc. Abt Associates Inc. I 4550 Montgomery Avenue I Suite 800 North I Bethesda, Maryland 20814
    [Show full text]
  • Zimbabwe WHO Special Initiative for Mental Health Situational Assessment
    Zimbabwe WHO Special Initiative for Mental Health Situational Assessment CONTEXT Zimbabwe is located in Southern Africa, bordered by South Africa, Mozambique, Botswana, and Zambia. The landlocked country has a tropical climate with high plateau and mountains in the east. There are 8 rural provinces and 2 metropolitan provinces, which are further divided into 63 districts and 1200 wards. The majority of Zimbabwe’s economy comes from the service sector (65.8%), followed by industry (22.2%) and agriculture Table 1: Demographics (12%).2 Zimbabwe’s informal economy is responsible for Demographic information 1 60% of all income; the rate of formal unemployment is Population 14,030,368 Under 14 years 44.4%1 extremely high.2 Over 65 years 3.2%1 Poverty is endemic in Zimbabwe: an estimated 70% of Rural population 67.8%2 the population is living below the poverty line, and 34% Literacy 88.8%3 are living in extreme poverty. Shortages in fuel, Languages Shona, Ndebele, English2 electricity, drought, and climate related events have Ethnicities 99.4% African2 Religions Protestant (74.8%), Catholic drastically impacted the agriculture sector and inflation 2 rates in recent years.10 Having experienced years of (7.3%), other Christian (5.3%) GDP per capita 1,079.61 USD4 austerity policies, economic decline, and the 2008 Electricity 33.7% of homes5 hyperinflation crisis, Zimbabwe’s health system – which Sanitation 37% of homes5 was once one of the most robust in the region – has Water 78.1% of homes5 suffered decreased government spending, high Education 88.4% completed primary school5 workforce emigration, and human rights violations.11 In Health information 2017, President Robert Mugabe was forced to resign as Life expectancy 60.86 president after nearly 40 years in power.
    [Show full text]
  • Issues of Equity in and Access to Health Care in Zimbabwe *
    The African e-Journals Project has digitized full text of articles of eleven social science and humanities journals. This item is from the digital archive maintained by Michigan State University Library. Find more at: http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/ Available through a partnership with Scroll down to read the article. Journal of Social Development in Africa (1990), 5,1, 31-38 Issues of Equity In and Access TO Health Care in Zimbabwe * SAMUELAGERE + ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyse, within the health care delivery system in Zimbabwe, certain categories of people or social groups who mayor may not have access to health care. An attempt will also be made to give the reasons for the maldistribution of health resources and the implications this has for the population of Zimbabwe. Brief and appropriate solutions are proposed within the socioeconomic and political context of the Zimbabwean s~ge of development and its historical past. Introduction Health care is delivered within and by a hierarchically organised and structured system. The system includes the production, distribution and consumption of health services. Within the system, there are a number of major actors such asphysicians, nurses, paramedics, pharmacists and the pharmaceutical industry, insurance companies, hospitals and clinics, through which curative and preventive services are administered, delivered and consumed. This group of actors in the health care delivery system have a monopoly, and control, of the technical knowledge of producing and administering medicines. Within this group of actors, doctors dominate and control the system, from production of knowledge of medical care, distribution of medical services, and, more importantly, the consumption of health care.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment Report on the Mozambican Influx Into Chipinge
    ASSESSMENT REPORT ON MOZAMBICAN INFLUX INTO CHIPINGE DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE Chipinge District Civil Protection Committee Abstract This document is a culmination of a partnership between UNHCR, the Department of Social Welfare and the Chipinge District Civil Protection Committee with multi-sectorial representation comprising both humanitarian partners and government line ministries in an assessment of the influx from Mozambique to establish inter alia population statistics, migration trends, access to basic services and general safety to inform interventions. October 2016 Chipinge Civil Protection Household Profiling Report on Mozambique Influx October 2016 LIST OF ACRONYMS DSW Department for Social Welfare FHH Female Headed Household FRELIMO Frente de Libertação de Moçambique GoZ Government of Zimbabwe HH Household INGO International NGO IOM International Organization for Migration IP Implementing Partner LNGO Local NGO M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MFT Multi-Functional Teams PoC Persons of concern RENAMO Resistência Nacional Moçambicana SGBV Sexual and Gender-Based Violence STIs Sexually Transmitted Infections TRC Tongogara Refugee Camp UASC Unaccompanied or Separated Children UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees VIP Ventilated Improved Pit (latrine) WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene WR Woman at Risk - 1 - Report on Mozambican Influx, Chipinge Civil Protection Unit Chipinge Civil Protection Household Profiling Report on Mozambique Influx October 2016 1.0 Executive Summary The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in collaboration with the Department of Social Welfare (DSW), under the auspices of the Chipinge District Civil Protection Committee, supported the district initiative to establish the accurate number, nationalities, bio-data and needs of the persons of concern fleeing civil strife in Mozambique’s Manica Province into Chipinge District of Zimbabwe.
    [Show full text]
  • The Temporospatial Dimension of Health in Zimbabwe Evans Chazireni Phd Geography University of South Africa
    THE TEMPOROSPATIAL DIMENSION OF HEALTH IN ZIMBABWE by EVANS CHAZIRENI Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PHD in the subject GEOGRAPHY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: DR A C HARMSE Date: March 2015 Declaration I, Evans Chazireni hereby declare that the thesis, which I hereby submit for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of South Africa, is my own work and has not previously been submitted by me for a degree at this or any other institution. I declare that the dissertation /thesis does not contain any written work presented by other persons whether written, pictures, graphs or data or any other information without acknowledging the source. I declare that where words from a written source have been used the words have been paraphrased and referenced and where exact words from a source have been used the words have been placed inside quotation marks and referenced. I declare that I have not copied and pasted any information from the Internet, without specifically acknowledging the source and have inserted appropriate references to these sources in the reference section of the dissertation or thesis. I declare that during my study I adhered to the Research Ethics Policy of the University of South Africa, received ethics approval for the duration of my study prior to the commencement of data gathering, and have not acted outside the approval conditions. I declare that the content of my dissertation/thesis has been submitted through an electronic plagiarism detection program before
    [Show full text]
  • Health Information and Surveillance System in Zimbabwe
    DHIS Zimbabwe Content • Introduction: Health in Zimbabwe Pag 3 • Zimbabwe’s Response: Key Achievements Pag 4 • The Introduction of a modern Health Information and Surveillance System in Zimbabwe Pag 5 • Key Results Pag 8 • Key Success Factors Pag 8 • Building for the Future Pag 9 • Support to Zimbabwe’s response: UNDP, the Global Fund and Partnership Pag 9 • Partnership for the DHIS Pag 10 • Sources Pag 11 2 DHIS Zimbabwe Introduction: Health in Zimbabwe In 2015 Zimbabwe is still recovering from a prolonged period of economic decline that occurred from 1999 to 2008, which resulted in a decrease in funding for social services, and directly contributed to a deterioration of health infrastructure, loss of experienced health professionals, drug shortages and a decline in the quality of health services available. The capacities of most national institutions diminished, with limited finan- cial resources and reduction in the numbers and skills in the workforce. It is estimated that over two million Zimbabweans left the country during this period, including many skilled health professionals. The situation negatively affected the health outcomes of the country: maternal mortality ratio in 2006 was 555 deaths per 100,000 live births translating to six maternal deaths per every 1000 live births; under-5 mortality rate was at 82 per 1,000 live births and neonatal mortality rate at 24 deaths per 1,000 live births (2005-2006 ZDHS). Since 2009 economic growth and a more stable macroeconomic environment have re- turned to Zimbabwe, but the country continues to battle high levels of unemployment and the economic recovery remains fragile.
    [Show full text]