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Modern Europe: History Сучасна Європа: Історія

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Modern Europe: History Сучасна Європа: Історія МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ ЖИТОМИРСЬКИЙ ДЕРЖАВНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ ІМЕНІ ІВАНА ФРАНКА Кузнєцова І.В., Кухарьонок С.С., Ряснянська М.М. MODERN EUROPE: HISTORY Сучасна Європа: історія Практикум для студентів IV курсу історичного факультету Житомир 2007 УДК 94(4):811.111 Затверджено до друку на засіданні Вченої ради Житомирського державного університету імені Івана Франка (протокол № 6 від 26 січня 2007 року) Рецензенти: Ваховська Л.Ф. – доцент кафедри іноземних мов Житомирського державного технологічного університету Ніколенко А.П. – доцент, завідувач кафедрою іноземних мов Європейського університету (Житомирська філія) Сидоренко С.І. – доцент кафедри англійської мови Житомирського державного університету імені І. Франка Консультант: Ярмошик І.І. – доцент, декан історичного факультету Житомирського державного університету імені І. Франка Кузнєцова І.В., Кухарьонок С.С., Ряснянська М.М. Modern Europe: History (Сучасна Європа: історія): Практикум. – Житомир: Видавництво ЖДУ імені Івана Франка, 2007. – 160 с. У навчальному практикумі „Modern Europe: History (Сучасна Європа: історія)” містяться 6 розділів (Units) навчального матеріалу для роботи на практичних заняттях спецкурсу „Проблеми сучасної Європи”, який включено до навчального плану IV курсу історичного факультету. Кожний розділ включає текст, словник- мінімум та вправи різного типу для засвоєння матеріалу. Друга частина практикуму, розрахована в основному для самостійної роботи, містить найсучасніший історичний матеріал про всі європейські країни та завдання для самоконтролю. Третя частина включає тексти для додаткового читання. Для студентів історичних факультетів (IV, V курсів та магістрантів); для денної та заочної форми навчання. 2 ЗМІСТ Передмова .................................................................................. 5 Part I ............................................................................................ 6 Unit 1 William the Conqueror ................................................... 6 Unit 2 The Wars of the Roses .................................................... 11 Unit 3 British Commonwealth ................................................... 16 Unit 4 Germany. General Historical Survey ............................. 22 Unit 5 France. General Information and Historical Survey ...... 27 Unit 6 European Union: the History of Foundation .................. 34 Part II. Europe Today ................................................................. 40 Albania ........................................................................................ 40 Andorra ....................................................................................... 42 Austria ......................................................................................... 43 Belarus ........................................................................................ 45 Belgium ....................................................................................... 46 Bosnia and Herzegovina ............................................................ 48 Bulgaria ....................................................................................... 50 Croatia ......................................................................................... 52 Cyprus ......................................................................................... 54 Czech Republic ........................................................................... 56 Denmark ..................................................................................... 60 Estonia ......................................................................................... 61 Finland ........................................................................................ 63 France .......................................................................................... 64 Germany ..................................................................................... 68 Greece ......................................................................................... 75 Hungary ...................................................................................... 78 Iceland ......................................................................................... 80 Ireland ......................................................................................... 81 Italy ............................................................................................. 83 Latvia .......................................................................................... 87 Liechtenstein ............................................................................... 88 Lithuania ..................................................................................... 89 3 Luxembourg ................................................................................ 91 Macedonia ................................................................................... 92 Malta ........................................................................................... 94 Moldova ...................................................................................... 95 Monaco ....................................................................................... 97 Netherlands ................................................................................. 98 Norway ........................................................................................ 100 Poland ......................................................................................... 102 Portugal ....................................................................................... 105 Romania ...................................................................................... 107 Russia .......................................................................................... 109 San Marino .................................................................................. 115 Serbia and Montenegro .............................................................. 116 Slovakia ....................................................................................... 119 Slovenia ....................................................................................... 121 Spain ............................................................................................ 122 Sweden ........................................................................................ 125 Switzerland ................................................................................. 127 Ukraine ........................................................................................ 129 United Kingdom ......................................................................... 132 Vatican City ................................................................................ 141 Check Yourselves ....................................................................... 143 Part III. Additional Reading ....................................................... 146 The Birth of Modern Europe ...................................................... 146 Contemporary Europe ................................................................ 148 After the Empire – Changes at Home ........................................ 149 Germany’s Rebirth – The Years After World War II ............... 151 De Gaulle and the Fifth Republic .............................................. 153 Pope Benedict XVI ..................................................................... 154 Post-Cold War World: 1990-99 ................................................. 155 Список літератури .................................................................... 158 4 ПЕРЕДМОВА Метою практикуму є забезпечити необхідний навчаль- ний та додатковий інформаційний матеріал для роботи над спецкурсом „Проблеми сучасної Європи” (IV курс істо- ричного факультету). Практикум може бути використаний для денної та заочної форми навчання. Завданням авторів практикуму є така організація матеріалу, яка надає можли- вість найбільш ефективного та глибокого засвоєння знань. З огляду на виконання цього завдання у даному практикумі пропонуються такі розділи: 1. Навчальний матеріал з 6 частин, кожна з яких містить основний тематичний текст, лексичний мінімум за темою та набір лексико-граматичних та комунікативно орієнтованих вправ для засвоєння та закріплення необхідної загальної лексики та термінології. 2. Інформативний довідковий розділ „Europe Today” („Європа сьогодні”), в якому подані загальні відомості та історичні нариси про всі європейські країни; джерела інформації автентичні, датовані 2006 роком. Розділ орієнтований на самостійну роботу студентів. У цьому розділі пропонуються також завдання для самоконтролю. 3. Розділ для додаткового читання, який містить тексти про найважливіші історичні події Європи після кінця XX поч. XXI ст. року. Тексти автентичні з незначною адаптацією, в них використано лексику та термінологію, опрацьовану під час роботи над Розділом І. Практикум може бути використаний студентами IV курсів історичного факультету, як основний навчальний посібник. Довідковий розділ може бути цікавим для студентів ІІІ курсу та магістрантів історичного факультету. 5 PART I UNIT 1 WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR In the second half of the eleventh century England was con- quered by a Norman Duke, William by name, one of the most powerful feudal lords of France. Under the pretext of having right- ful claims to the English throne, William landed on the southern shores of England in September 1066. The well-armed Norman knights met the Anglo-Saxon troops gathered by Harold,
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