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Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Jasonville, Quadrangle, Indiana

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Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Jasonville, Quadrangle, Indiana GEOLOGY AND MINERAL DEPOSITS OF THE JASONVILLE, QUADRANGLE, INDIANA CHARLES E. WIER Indiana Department of Conservation GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Bulletin No. 6 1952 STATE OF INDIANA HENRY F. SCHRICKER GOVERNOR DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION KENNETH M. KUNKEL, DIRECTOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES F. DEISS. STATE GEOLOGIST BLOOMINGTON _____________________________________________________________________ BULLETIN NO. 6 _____________________________________________________________________ GEOLOGY AND MINERAL DEPOSITS OF THE JASONVILLE QUADRANGLE, INDIANA BY CHARLES E. WEIR PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF INDIANA BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA February 1952 ______________________________________________________________________ For sale by Geological Survey. Indiana Department of Conservation, Bloomington, Indiana Price $1.00 2 SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STAFF OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES F. DEISS, State Geologist BERNICE M. BANFILL, Administrative Assistant to the State Geologist Coal Section Charles E. Wier, Geologist and Head G. K. Guennel, Paleobotanist Harold C. Hutchison, Geologist (on leave) James T. Stanley, Geologist Geochemistry Section Richard K. Leininger, Spectrographer and Head Robert F. Blakely, Spectrographer Maynard E. Coller, Chemist Geophysics Section Judson Mead, Geophysicist and Research Director Maurice E. Biggs, Geophysicist Charles S. Miller, Instrument Maker Joseph S. Whaley, Junior Geophysicist Glacial Geology Section William D. Thornbury, Geologist and Research Director William J. Wayne, Research Fellow Industrial Minerals Section John B. Patton, Principal Geologist and Head Haydn Murray, Clay Mineralogist Ned M. Smith, Geologist Ross Hickam, Preparator B. J. Worthington, Laboratory Technician Paleontology and Stratigraphy Section J. J. Galloway, Geologist and Research Director Carlyle H. Hill. Jr., Research Assistant Petroleum Section Thomas A. Dawson, Geologist and Head Helen M. Beikman, Geologist Gerald L. Carpenter, Geologist Dallas Fiandt, Geologist Andrew J. Hreha, Geologist Mary Ann Lowrance, Geologist Harold Sorgenfrei, Geologist Publications Section Gerald S. Woodard, Editor William H. Moran, Chief Draftsman Anita J. Heisterkamp, Draftsman Alice A. O'Bryan, Draftsman John E. Peace, Draftsman George R. Ringer, Photographer 3 CONTENTS Page Abstract .............................................................. 5 Introduction ............................................................ 5 Scope of the problem .................................................. 5 Location .......................................................... 5 Previous work ...................................................... 6 Acknowledgments .................................................... 7 Physiography ........................................................... 7 Stratigraphy ............................................................ 9 Carboniferous formations ............................................... 9 History of nomenclature ............................................ 9 Brazil formation ................................................ 10 Staunton formation .............................................. 11 Linton formation ............................................... 12 Coal IIIa ................................................. 13 Coal IV .................................................. 13 Petersburg formation ............................................. 14 Coal IVa ................................................ 14 Coal V .................................................. 15 Alum Cave limestone ........................................ 16 Dugger formation ............................................... 17 Pleistocene deposits ................................................. 17 Recent deposits .................................................... 19 Geologic structure ....................................................... 20 Regional structure ................................................... 20 Local structure ..................................................... 21 Mineral deposits in the Jasonville quadrangle ..................................... 22 Summary statement .................................................. 22 Coal ............................................................ 22 History of mining in the Jasonville quadrangle ............................ 22 Production .................................................... 23 Analyses ..................................................... 27 Estimate of reserves .............................................. 27 Clay ............................................................ 29 Shales ........................................................... 29 Sand and gravel .................................................... 31 Sandstone ........................................................ 31 Limestone ........................................................ 32 Oil and gas ....................................................... 32 Bibliography. 34 4 ILLUSTRATIONS Facing Plate page 1. Geologic map of the Jasonville quadrangle, Indiana ............... (In pocket) 2. Distribution, structure and mined areas of coals in the Jasonville quadrangle, Indiana ............................ (In pocket) 3. Coals III and IV exposed in strip mines ................................ 14 4. Alum Cave limestone and Coal V .................................... 15 5. Coal mine tipples ................................................. 22 6. Operations in a modern strip mine ................................... 23 Figure Page 1. Index map showing location of the Jasonville quadrangle, Indiana . 6 2. Index map showing approximate location of type localities of Pennsylvanian formations discussed in this report .................... 10 3. Map of the Jasonville quadrangle showing combined thickness of Illinoian and Recent stream deposits ............................... 18 4. Map showing regional geologic features. Modified after Wanless, 1939, p. 3 .................................................. 20 5. Diagrammatic sections showing the coals dipping gently to the west . 21 6. Graph showing coal production and reserves in the Jasonville quadrangle .................................................. 28 TABLES Table Page 1. Formations exposed in the Jasonville quadrangle ......................... 8 2. Abandoned mines ................................................ 24 3. Total coal production of each mine in the Jasonville quadrangle ............. 26 4. Analyses of coals from mines in the Jasonville quadrangle ................. 27 5. Coal mined and coal reserves in the Jasonville quadrangle ................. 30 6. Analyses of shale above Coal IV, northern Greene County ................. 31 7. Size distribution of wind-blown sand ................................. 31 8. Oil and ammonia distilled from Pennsylvanian shales in the Jasonville quadrangle .......................................... 33 GEOLOGY AND MINERAL DEPOSITS OF THE JASONVILLE QUADRANGLE, INDIANA BY CHARLES E. WIER ABSTRACT The Jasonville quadrangle, located in parts of Clay, Greene, and Sullivan Counties in west central Indiana, contains approximately 58 square miles. The rocks exposed in the quadrangle comprise the Staunton, Linton, Petersburg, and Dugger formations and are Alleghenian or Des Moinesian (Pennsylvanian) in age. Three commercial coals, III, IV, and V, and two thin coals, IIIa and IVa, crop out in the area. The Upper and Lower Block coals probably underlie most of the quadrangle in irregular, small basins. Most of the streams in the Jasonville quadrangle join the Eel River, which flows in a Pleistocene sluiceway across the northeast corner of the quadrangle. Because 10 to 20 feet of Illinoian glacial till covers the uplands and Recent alluvium covers the valley floors, Pennsylvanian rocks are exposed in small, isolated outcrops. Drilling information indicates that the Pennsylvanian rocks dip southwestward 30 feet to the mile, but small, isolated domes and noses are present. Of an estimated original 440,000,000 tons of Coals III, IV, and V, more than 75,000,000 tons have been mined or rendered unminable. Probably less than 60 percent of the estimated 365,000,000 tons of coal remaining in the ground can be recovered. Gas and oil have not been produced within the quadrangle, despite rather intensive recent drilling. Small amounts of sand, gravel, sandstone, and limestone have been produced for road metal. INTRODUCTION SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM The Jasonville quadrangle is underlain everywhere by one or more commercial coals and is the first to be mapped in the new study and appraisal of Indiana coal resources. The completed maps on each quadrangle will show the extent and the mined area of each coal, detailed areal geology, stratigraphy, and the general structures in the area. The topography was surveyed in 1938 and 1939 by the Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior, in cooperation with the Geological Survey, Indiana Department of Conservation, and was printed on a scale of 2,000 feet to 1 inch (1:24,000). The geology was mapped in 1947 on the topographic base map and on aerial photographs. LOCATION The Jasonville quadrangle (Fig. 1) is bounded by the parallels 39"7'30" and 39"15' north latitude and the meridians 87"7'30" and 87"15' west longitude in Clay, Greene, and.Sullivan Counties. Part 5 6 MINERAL DEPOSITS OF JASONVILLF QUADRANGLE of the Sullivan-Linton coal mining district is in the quadrangle, which contains most of Lewis Township and a small part of Harrison Township in Clay County, the north half
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