DOCSLIB.ORG

This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Isotopic evidence of Bronze Age diet and subsistence practices in the southeastern Carpathian Bend area, Romania Ülle Aguraiuja PhD in Archaeology The University of Edinburgh 2017 ABSTRACT Human and faunal osteological material from the southeastern Carpathian Bend area, Romania, was analysed for δ13C, δ15N and δ34S to reconstruct the dietary practices of the Middle Bronze Age Monteoru culture. As a secondary objective, the extent of intraskeletal variation in stable isotope values was investigated by comparing skeletal elements with differing collagen turnover rates. The intraskeletal isotope results revealed a pattern where cortical bone samples produced statistically lower δ13C values compared to trabecular bone samples, highlighting the necessity for more systematic research to understand how stable isotopes are incorporated into bone collagen of various skeletal elements. Diet in the Monteoru culture was shown to be exclusively or predominantly terrestrial in origin with no detectable input of C4 or marine resources. Differences in average δ13C and δ15N values between the two sites included in the study (representing distinct phases of the culture) suggest a shift in dietary preferences from a more meat-based economy to a more dairy- and plant-based economy. The dissimilar contribution of animal foods to overall diet between the two sites was supported by estimates generated by the Bayesian mixing model FRUITS, which also showed that in both sites plant foods accounted for most of the calories consumed. The faunal isotopic data contained a few outliers, suggestive of deliberate movement of livestock, either through long-distance herding or trade. A combined approach using juvenile bone collagen and incrementally sectioned tooth dentine from adults demonstrates that the duration of breastfeeding varied between individuals, but that there were no significant differences in weaning practices between survivors and non-survivors. Sulphur isotopes reflect a population that was relatively homogeneous in its isotopic composition and local in origin, except for the presence of two possible migrants. The δ13C and δ15N data from the Carpathian Bend are comparable to those from contemporaneous sites in coastal and inland Greece and Croatia, suggesting a broad uniformity in Bronze Age dietary practices across Southeast Europe. As the first major stable isotope study conducted on osteological material from the Romanian Sub- Carpathians, this thesis provides new insights into the lives of these communities, expands our knowledge of Bronze Age subsistence strategies in Southeast Europe, and establishes a foundation for further isotopic investigations in the region. ii DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis was composed by myself, that the work contained herein is my own except where explicitly stated otherwise in the text, and that this work has not been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification. _________________________________ Ülle Aguraiuja iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to extend my gratitude to my supervisors Prof. Clive Bonsall and Dr Kathleen McSweeney for their advice and guidance throughout my PhD studies. I am also thankful to the following staff at the University of Edinburgh for their roles in the completion of this thesis: to Alan Dalton, for his friendship and infinite help in the Bone Chemistry lab; to Dr Catriona Pickard, for her constant support and assistance; and to Prof. László Bartosiewicz, for his advice in archaeozoological matters. I owe a particular debt of gratitude to the staff at the ‘Francisc I. Rainer’ Institute of Anthropology in Bucharest, Romania, for providing me with a warm welcome and the opportunity to study and sample the skeletal material in their care. I am especially grateful to Drs Mihai Constantinescu, Andrei Soficaru and Mihaela Culea for their valuable help in sample collection and for offering insight into the Monteoru culture and Romanian prehistory in general. I am also grateful to the staff at the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (especially Dr Kerry Sayle), and to Dr Angela Lamb and staff at the NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratories. Funding for this project was provided by a grant from the NERC Isotope Geosciences Facilities Steering Committee (IP-1611-0516), the University of Edinburgh (School of History, Classics and Archaeology), and the national scholarship programme ‘Kristjan Jaak’ (funded and managed by the Archimedes Foundation in collaboration with the Ministry of Education and Research in Estonia). Finally, I would like to extend my endless gratitude to my friends and family back home who have supported me – both morally and with shipments of homemade goods – and patiently waited for me to finish this PhD. Thank you, Cindy, for your support, friendship, and our walks through the Meadows. And thank you, Oliver, for everything. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Background ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Scope of the study .............................................................................................. 2 1.3. Thesis goals and structure .................................................................................. 4 2. Stable isotope analysis for palaeodietary reconstruction ................................... 7 2.1. Stable isotope ecology ....................................................................................... 7 2.1.1. Background and definitions ......................................................................... 7 2.1.2. Carbon ......................................................................................................... 9 2.1.3. Nitrogen ..................................................................................................... 12 2.1.4. Sulphur ...................................................................................................... 15 2.2. Skeletal tissues and isotope routing ................................................................. 17 2.3. Intraskeletal variation in bone stable isotope ratios ......................................... 18 2.3.1. Basics of bone remodelling ....................................................................... 19 2.3.2. Estimating bone turnover rates .................................................................. 20 2.3.3. Bone turnover rate in the human skeleton ................................................. 21 2.3.4. Age-related variations in bone turnover rates ........................................... 24 2.3.5. Extent of natural variation and analytical precision .................................. 28 2.3.6. Applying differences in bone turnover rates to stable isotope investigations of archaeological human remains: examples from case studies .......................... 29 3. History of palaeodietary research in Central and Southeast Europe ............. 34 3.1. Isotopic evidence of human palaeodiets .......................................................... 34 3.1.1. Mesolithic–Early Neolithic (ca. 9000–5000 BC) ...................................... 36 3.1.2. Neolithic–Eneolithic (ca. 5000–3000 BC) ................................................ 38 3.1.3. Bronze Age (ca. 3000–1000 BC) .............................................................. 42 3.1.4. Iron Age (ca. 1000–1 BC) ......................................................................... 45 3.1.5. Roman–Medieval (ca. AD 1–1400) .......................................................... 47 3.1.6. Subsistence practices through time ........................................................... 48 3.1.7. Variability of Bronze Age subsistence practices in Eurasia ...................... 55 3.2. Archaeozoological and archaeobotanical evidence for human subsistence .... 58 3.2.1. Animal exploitation ................................................................................... 58 3.2.2. Plant cultivation ......................................................................................... 62 4. Archaeological background................................................................................. 65 4.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 65 4.2. Bronze Age in Romania ................................................................................... 66 v 4.3. Monteoru culture.............................................................................................. 68 4.3.1. Overview of culture ..................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Studia Archaeologica 26/1 2012
    ZIRIDAVA STUDIA ARCHAEOLOGICA 26/1 2012 MUSEUM ARAD ZIRIDAVA STUDIA ARCHAEOLOGICA 26/1 2012 Editura MEGA Cluj-Napoca 2012 MUSEUM ARAD EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-chief: Peter Hügel. Editorial Assistants: Florin Mărginean, Victor Sava, George P. Hurezan. EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD M. Cârciumaru (Târgoviște, Romania), S. Cociş (Cluj-Napoca, Romania), F. Gogâltan (Cluj-Napoca, Romania), S. A. Luca (Sibiu, Romania), V. Kulcsár (Szeged, Hungary), J. O'Shea (Michigan, USA), K. Z. Pinter (Sibiu, Romania), I. Stanciu (Cluj-Napoca, Romania), I. Szatmári (Békéscsaba, Hungary). In Romania, the periodical can be obtained through subscription or exchange, sent as post shipment, from Museum Arad, Arad, Piata G. Enescu 1, 310131, Romania. Tel. 0040-257-281847. ZIRIDAVA STUDIA ARCHAEOLOGICA Any correspondence will be sent to the editor: Museum Arad Piata George Enescu 1, 310131 Arad, RO e-mail: [email protected] Th e content of the papers totally involve the responsibility of the authors. Layout: Francisc Baja, Florin Mărginean, Victor Sava ISSN: 1224-7316 EDITURA MEGA | www.edituramega.ro e-mail: [email protected] Contents Peter Hügel, George Pascu Hurezan, Florin Mărginean, Victor Sava One and a Half Century of Archaeology on the Lower Mureş 7 Tibor-Tamás Daróczi Environmental Changes in the Upper and Middle Tisza/Tisa Lowland during the Holocene 35 Florin Gogâltan, Victor Sava War and Warriors during the Late Bronze Age within the Lower Mureş Valley 61 Victor Sava, George Pascu Hurezan, Florin Mărginean Late Bronze Age Metal Artifacts Discovered in Şagu, Site “A1_1”, Arad – Timişoara Highway (km 0+19.900 –0+20.620) 83 Dan Matei Abandoned Forts and their Civilian Reuse in Roman Dacia 109 Silviu Oţa Tombs with Jewels in the Byzantine Tradition Discovered on the Present-Day Territory of Romania, North of the Danube (End of the 11th Century–the 14th Century) 123 Luminiţa Andreica Dental Indicators of Stress and Diet Habits of Individuals Discovered in the Ossuary of the Medieval Church in Tauţ (Arad County) 143 Anca Niţoi, Florin Mărginean, George P.
    [Show full text]
  • S T U D I I D E P R E I S T O R
    ASOCIAŢIA ROMÂNĂ DE ARHEOLOGIE S T U D I I D E P R E I S T O R I E 8/2011 ASOCIAŢIA ROMÂNĂ DE ARHEOLOGIE S T U D I I D E P R E I S T O R I E 8/2011 Editura Renaissance Bucureşti 2011 A S O C I A Ţ I A R O M Â N Ă D E A R H E O L O G I E STUDII DE PREISTORIE 8 COLEGIUL DE REDACŢIE Redactor şef: Silvia Marinescu-Bîlcu Membri: Douglass W. Bailey, Krum Bacvarov, Adrian Bălăşescu, Cătălin Bem, Yavor Boyadziev, John C. Chapman, Alexandru Dragoman, Constantin Haită, Slawomir Kadrow, Marcel Otte, Valentin Radu, Vladimir Slavchev, Laurens Thissen, Anne Tresset, Zoϊ Tsirtsoni. Coperta: Statuetă antropomorfă aparţinând culturii Cucuteni, descoperită în aşezarea de la Drăguşeni (jud. Botoşani). Colegiul de redacţie nu răspunde de opiniile exprimate de autori. Editorial board is not responsible for the opinions expressed by authors. Manuscrisele, cărţile şi revistele pentru schimb, orice corespondenţă se vor trimite Colegiului de redacţie, pe adresa Şos. Pantelimon 352, sc. C, ap. 85, sector 2, Bucureşti sau prin email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României Marinescu-Bîlcu Silvia Studii de Preistorie nr. 8 / Marinescu-Bîlcu Silvia Douglass W. Bailey, Krum Bacvarov, Adrian Bălăşescu, Cătălin Bem, Yavor Boyadziev, John C. Chapman, Alexandru Dragoman, Constantin Haită, Slawomir Kadrow, Marcel Otte, Valentin Radu, Vladimir Slavchev, Laurens Thissen, Anne Tresset, Zoϊ Tsirtsoni. Bucureşti, Editura Renaissance, 2011. ISSN 2065 - 2526 SPONSORIZĂRI ŞI DONAŢII: SUMAR Douglass W.
    [Show full text]
  • Arheolo{Ki Institut Beograd Kwiga LXI/2011. Na Koricama: Freska Iz Kasnoanti~Ke Grobnice, Be{Ka (Dokumentacija Muzeja Vojvodine, Novi Sad)
    Arheolo{ki institut Beograd Kwiga LXI/2011. Na koricama: Freska iz kasnoanti~ke grobnice, Be{ka (dokumentacija Muzeja Vojvodine, Novi Sad) Sur la couverture : La fresque du tombeau de la Basse-Antiquité, Be{ka (photo : la documentation du Musée de Voïvodine, Novi Sad) ARHEOLO[KI INSTITUT BEOGRAD INSTITUT ARCHÉOLOGIQUE BELGRADE UDK 902/904 (050) ISSN 0350–0241 STARINAR LXI/2011, 1–310, BEOGRAD 2011. INSTITUT ARCHÉOLOGIQUE BELGRADE STARINAR Nouvelle série volume LXI/2011 BELGRADE 2011 ARHEOLO[KI INSTITUT BEOGRAD STARINAR Nova serija kwiga LXI/2011 BEOGRAD 2011. STARINAR STARINAR Nova serija kwiga LXI/2011 Nouvelle série volume LXI/2011 IZDAVA^ EDITEUR Arheolo{ki institut Institut archéologique Kneza Mihaila 35/IV Kneza Mihaila 35/IV 11000 Beograd, Srbija 11000 Belgrade, Serbie e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Tel. 381 11 2637191 Tél. 381 11 2637191 UREDNIK RÉDACTEUR Slavi{a Peri}, direktor Arheolo{kog instituta Slavi{a Peri}, directeur de l’Institut archéologique REDAKCIONI ODBOR COMITÉ DE RÉDACTION Miloje Vasi}, Arheolo{ki institut, Beograd Miloje Vasi}, Institut archéologique, Belgrade Rastko Vasi}, Arheolo{ki institut, Beograd Rastko Vasi}, Institut archéologique, Belgrade Noel Dival, Univerzitet Sorbona, Pariz Noël Duval, Université Paris Sorbonne, Paris IV Slobodan Du{ani}, Srpska akademija nauka Slobodan Du{ani}, Académie serbe des sciences i umetnosti, Beograd et des arts, Belgrade Bojan \uri}, Univerzitet u Qubqani, Bojan \uri}, Université de Ljubljana, Filozofski fakultet, Qubqana Faculté des Arts, Ljubljana
    [Show full text]
  • Acta Terrae Septemcastrensis V
    Acta Terrae Septemcastrensis, V, 2006 ACTA TERRAE SEPTEMCASTRENSIS V, 2006 1 Acta Terrae Septemcastrensis, V, 2006 2 Acta Terrae Septemcastrensis, V, 2006 „LUCIAN BLAGA” UNIVERSITY OF SIBIU INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY AND VALORIZATION OF THE TRANSYLVANIAN PATRIMONY IN EUROPEAN CONTEXT ACTA TERRAE SEPTEMCASTRENSIS V ARCHAEOLOGY CLASICAL STUDIES MEDIEVAL STUDIES Series editor: Sabin Adrian LUCA SIBIU 2006 3 Acta Terrae Septemcastrensis, V, 2006 Editorial board: Editor: Sabin Adrian LUCA (Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” din Sibiu, România) Members: Paul NIEDERMAIER (membru corespondent al Academiei Române), (Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” din Sibiu, România) Dumitru PROTASE (membru de onoare al Academiei Române) (Universitatea „Babeş-Bolyai” Cluj-Napoca) Paolo BIAGI (Ca’Foscary University Venice, Italy) Martin WHITE (Sussex University, Brighton, United Kingdom) Michela SPATARO (University College London, United Kingdom) Zeno-Karl PINTER (Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” din Sibiu, România) Marin CÂRCIUMARU (Universitatea „Valahia” Târgovişte, România) Nicolae URSULESCU (Universitatea „Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi, România) Gheorghe LAZAROVICI (Universitatea „Eftimie Murgu” Reşiţa, România) Thomas NÄGLER (Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” din Sibiu, România) Secretaries: Ioan Marian ŢIPLIC (Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” din Sibiu, România) Silviu Istrate PURECE (Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” din Sibiu, România) ISSN 1583-1817 Contact adress: Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” Sibiu, Institutul pentru cercetarea şi valorificarea patrimoniului cultural transilvănean în context european, B-dul Victoriei Nr. 5-7, 550024 Sibiu, România Tel. 0269 / 214468, int. 104, 105; Fax. 0269 / 214468; 0745 / 366606; e-mail: [email protected]; web: http://arheologie.ulbsibiu.ro. 4 Acta Terrae Septemcastrensis, V, 2006 Content Cosmin SUCIU, Martin WHITE, Gheorghe LAZAROVICI, Sabin Adrian LUCA, Progress Report – Reconstruction and study of the Vinča architecture and artifacts using virtual reality technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Invasive Methods in Archaeology
    RZESZÓW 2017 VOLUME 12 IN ARCHAEOLOGY METHODS NON-INVASIVE NON-INVASIVE METHODS 12 IN ARCHAEOLOGY NON-iNVASIVE METHODS IN ARCHAEOLOGY FUNDACJA RZESZOWSKIEGO OŚRODKA ARCHEOLOGICZNEGO INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY RZESZÓW UNIVERSITY VOLUME 12 NON-iNVASIVE METHODS IN ARCHAEOLOGY Edited by Maciej Dębiec, Wojciech Pasterkiewicz Rzeszów 2017 Editor Andrzej Rozwałka [email protected] Editorial Secretary Magdalena Rzucek [email protected] Volume editors Maciej Dębiec Wojciech Pasterkiewicz Editorial Council Sylwester Czopek, Eduard Droberjar, Michał Parczewski, Aleksandr Sytnyk, Alexandra Krenn-Leeb Volume reviewers Valeska Becker – University of Münster, Germany Marek Florek – Institute of Archaeology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Poland Martin Gojda – Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic Marek Nowak – Institute of Archaeology Jagiellonian University, Poland Thomas Saile – University of Regensburg, Germany Judyta Rodzińska-Nowak – Institute of Archaeology Jagiellonian University, Poland Anna Zakościelna – Institute of Archaeology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Poland Translation Beata Kizowska-Lepiejza, Miłka Stępień and Authors Photo on the cover Aerial image of Early Medieval fortification in Chrzelice, photo: P. Wroniecki Cover Design Piotr Wisłocki (Oficyna Wydawnicza Zimowit) ISSN 2084-4409 DOI: 10.15584/anarres Typesetting and Printing Oficyna Wydawnicza ZIMOWIT Abstracts of articles from Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia are published in the Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Editor’s Address Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University Moniuszki 10 Street, 35-015 Rzeszów, Poland e-mail: [email protected] Home page: www.archeologia.rzeszow.pl Contents Editor’s note . 9 Articles Thomas Saile, Martin Posselt Zur Erkundung einer bandkeramischen Siedlung bei Hollenstedt (Niedersachsen) . 13 Mateusz Cwaliński, Jakub Niebieszczański, Dariusz Król The Middle, Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Cemetery in Skołoszów, site 7, Dist .
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient DNA from South-East Europe Reveals Different Events During Early and Middle Neolithic Influencing the European Genetic Heritage
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Ancient DNA from South-East Europe Reveals Different Events during Early and Middle Neolithic Influencing the European Genetic Heritage Montserrat Hervella1, Mihai Rotea2, Neskuts Izagirre1, Mihai Constantinescu3, Santos Alonso1, Mihai Ioana4¤,Cătălin Lazăr5, Florin Ridiche6, Andrei Dorian Soficaru3, Mihai G. Netea4,7‡*, Concepcion de-la-Rua1‡* a11111 1 Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bizkaia, Spain, 2 National History Museum of Transylvania, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 3 “Francisc I. Rainer" Institute of Anthropology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania, 4 Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 5 National History Museum of Romania, Bucharest, Romania, 6 Oltenia Museum Craiova, Craiova, Romania, 7 Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ¤ Current address: University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania OPEN ACCESS ‡ These authors share senior authorship. * Citation: Hervella M, Rotea M, Izagirre N, [email protected] (CR); [email protected] (MN) Constantinescu M, Alonso S, Ioana M, et al. (2015) Ancient DNA from South-East Europe Reveals Different Events during Early and Middle Neolithic Influencing the European Genetic Heritage. PLoS Abstract ONE 10(6): e0128810. doi:10.1371/journal. The importance of the process of Neolithization for the genetic make-up of European popu- pone.0128810 lations has been hotly debated, with shifting hypotheses from a demic diffusion (DD) to a Academic Editor: Luísa Maria Sousa Mesquita cultural diffusion (CD) model. In this regard, ancient DNA data from the Balkan Peninsula, Pereira, IPATIMUP (Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto), which is an important source of information to assess the process of Neolithization in Eu- PORTUGAL rope, is however missing.
    [Show full text]
  • Engleza11 2Culori 2013 TIPAR FINAL.Indd
    MINISTERUL EDUCAfiIEI AL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA MINISTERUL EDUCAȚIEI AL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA ENGLISHENGLISH AWARENESS AWARENESS Galina CHIRA, Margareta DUȘCIAC, Maria GÎSCĂ, Elisaveta ONOFREICIUC, Mihail CHIRA, Silvia ROTARU ThisThis IsIs OurOur WorldWorld ENGLISH AS A MAJOR LANGUAGE STUDENT’SSTUDENT’S BOOKBOOK 11 11 Editura ARC • 2014 CZU 811.111(075.3) T 56 Manualul a fost aprobat prin Ordinul nr. 267 din 11 aprilie 2014 al Ministrului Educației al Republicii Moldova. Manualul este elaborat conform Curriculumului disciplinar (aprobat în anul 2010) și finanțat din Fondul Special pentru Manuale. Acest manual este proprietatea Ministerului Educației al Republicii Moldova. Școala Manualul nr. Anul de Numele de familie și prenumele Anul Aspectul manualului folosire elevului școlar la primire la restituire 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Comisia de evaluare: Olga Morozan, grad didactic I, lector superior universitar, IȘE; Nina Moraru, grad didactic superior, Liceul Teoretic „Prometeu-Prim“, Chișinău; Eugenia Grigoreț, grad didactic întîi, Liceul Teoretic „Mihai Eminescu“, Chișinău Recenzenți: Cornelia Cincilei, doctor în filologie, conferențiar universitar, Universitatea de Stat din Moldova; Iulia Ignatiuc, doctor în filologie, conferențiar universitar, Catedra de filologie engleză, Universitatea de Stat „Alecu Russo“; Aurelian Silvestru, doctor în psihologie, conferențiar universitar; Vladimir Zmeev, pictor-șef, Grupul Ediorial „Litera“ Redactor: Iulia Ignatiuc, doctor în filologie, conferențiar universitar Lector: Alina Legcobit, lector universitar superior, MA Copertă: Mihai Bacinschi Concepție grafică: Alexandru Popovici Tehnoredactare: Marian Motrescu Desene: Igor Hmelnițki, Anatolii Smîșleaev, Dumitru Iazan Editura Arc se obligă să achite deținătorilor de copyright, care încă nu au fost contactați, costurile de reproducere a imaginilor folosite în prezenta ediție. Reproducerea integrală sau parțială a textului și ilustrațiilor din această carte este posibilă numai cu acordul prealabil scris al Editurii ARC.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Classify Fortified Settlements?
    How to classify fortied settlements? The theoretical and practical approaches to categorize fortified settlements in Bronze Age and Iron Age By Franz Becker, Frankfurt In the history of archaeological research regarding the classi1cation of forti1ed settlements of the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, there have been many different approaches to classify them. One of the more fundamental approaches focuses on simply identifying the topographical location of these sites. They are basically identi1ed as hilltop settlements and forti1ed settlements in the lowland. Other approaches seem to be slightly more successful at describing the function(s) of the ramparts, like the division into promontory forts and into circular ramparts or ring forts. In the European Bronze Age, this approach most likely corresponds to the geographical location; naturally most of the hilltop settlements are promontory forts and most of the forti1cations in the lowlands are ring forts. A completely different approach is provided by a classi1cation based on site size hierarchy, which is perhaps one of the more controversial approaches. V. Vasiliev categorises the forti1cations of the First Iron Age/Late Bronze Age in Romania according to their size in supra regional centres. Other well-known approaches are the Fürstensitz model of W. Kimmig, which is also a controversial approach to the classi1cation of social structures within forti1ed settlements. This list of theoretical investigations into this phenomenon could go on inde1nitely. All these attempts are only explaining certain aspects of forti1ed settlements: a.) Explanations via geographic location. b.) Explanations via construction features. c.) Explanations via social and economic functions. How is it possible to 1nd a more holistic approach in order to understand as many aspects of the Late Bronze Age forti1cations as possible? This contribution should be an attempt at 1nding a more quantitative approach on the basis of archaeological evidence for different functions of these settlements and should lead to a discussion.
    [Show full text]
  • Universitatea „1 Decembrie 1918” Settlements of the Cruceni-Belegiš
    Universitatea „1 Decembrie 1918” Facultatea de Istorie şi Filologie Alba Iulia Alexandru Szentmiklosi Settlements of the Cruceni-Belegiš culture in Banat Summary Conducător Prof. Univ. Dr. Florin Draşovean Alba Iulia 2009 Contents I. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………...…………….2 I.1 Geographical landscape of the Banat…………………………………………………………….……………………2 I.2 Paleoclime and vegetation in the Bronze Age…………………………………………………………………………2 II. History of investigations and terminology of the Cruceni-Belegiš culture..............................................................2 II.1. History of the archaeological investigations of the Cruceni-Belegiš culture...............................................................2 II.2 Problems of terminology...............................................................................................................................................3 III. Opinions concerning the Bronze Age chronological systems..................................................................................4 III.1 Chronological systems of periodization of the Bronze Age........................................................................................4 III.2 Data concerning absolute chronology of the Cruceni-Belegiš culture........................................................................4 IV. Cruceni-Belegiš culture...............................................................................................................................................5 IV.1. Genesis of the Cruceni-Belegiš culture......................................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • ARQUEOLOGÍA 67 3 and Archaeology — M
    e-mail: [email protected] Nº 521 PÓRTICOSemanal Fundada en 1945 Arqueología, 67 19 noviembre 2001 Responsable de la Sección: Carmen Alcrudo Dirige: José Miguel Alcrudo Metodología: 001 — 018 Prehistoria: 019 — 098 Obras generales * Paleolítico / Neolítico Edad de los metales * España Arqueología: 099 — 183 Obras generales * Oriente Grecia * Roma Península Ibérica * Medieval Epigrafía — Numismática: 184 — 205 METODOLOGÍA 001 Alt, K. W. / F. W. Roesing / M. Teschler-Nicola, eds.: Dental Anthro- pology. Fundamentals, Limits and Prospects 1998 – xxvi + 566 pp., 224 fig. 78,96 002 Bain, A.: Archaeoentomological and Archaeoparasitological Re- constructions At Ilot Hunt (Ceet-110). New Perspectives in Historical Archaeology (1850-1900) 2001 – x + 153 pp., 49 fig., tabl. 50,40 2 PÓRTICO SEMANAL 521 003 Brothwell, D. R. / A. M. Pollard, eds.: Handbook of Archaeological Science 2001 – xx + 762 pp., muc. 217,00 INDICE: 1. Dating: R. E. M. Hedges: Dating in archaeology; past, present and future — J. J. Lowe: Quaternary geochronological frameworks — R. E. Taylor: Radiocarbon dating — P. I. Kuniholm: Dendrochronology and other applications of tree-ring studies in archaeology — R. Grün: Trapped charge dating (ESR, TL, OSL) — A. G. Latham: Uranium-series dating — R. S. Sternberg: Magnetic properties and archaeomagnetism — W. R. Ambrose: Obsidian hydration dating — F. M. Stuart: In situ cosmogenic isotopes: principles and potential for archaeology — 2. Quaternary Palaeoen- vironments: K. J. Edwards: Environmental reconstruction — A. Wise: Modelling quaternary environments — M. Robinson: Insects as palaeoenvironmental indicators — R. C. Preece: Non- marine mollusca and archaeology — D. W. Yalden: Mammals as climatic indicators — K. Barber / P. Langdon: Peat stratigraphy and climate change — D. A. Davidson / I.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae STANC Margareta Simina
    Curriculum Vitae BrainMap ID https://www.brainmap.ro/margareta-simina-stanc U-1700-038L-9754 Orcid ID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-9779 Google Academic https://scholar.google.ro/citations?user=-xZVXzoAAAAJ&hl=ro Web of Science Researcher ID https://publons.com/researcher/2159349/margareta-simina-stanc/ B-6255-2017 Researchgate ID https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Simina_Margareta_Stanc Scopus ID https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=55490916800 Personal Information Surename/First name STANC Margareta Simina Address Bd. Carol I, 11, 700506 Iaşi, România Telephone (004)0232201527 E-mail [email protected] Nationality Romanian Date of birth 07.05.1973 Employment Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Faculty of Biology 2005. Title: Archaeozoological Researches for the IV-Xth centuries A.D. concerning the Eastern and the Southern extra-Carpathian areas of Romania. Distinction Cum laude. „Alexandru Ioan Cuza University” of Iaşi Doctoral Thesis (coordinated by Prof. PhD Iordache ION). PhD Diploma - Ordinul MEC nr. 5657/12.12.2005; PhD thesis awarded in 2006, for the Most Valuable PhD thesis defended in 2005 in the Biology Field at „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iaşi. Work Experience 1. 1993 - 1994 2. 1994 - 1995 Dates 3. 2000 – 2002 4. 2002 - 2006 5. 2006 - present 1. Schoolmistress 2. Teacher of Biology Occupation or 3. Teaching Assistant position held 4. Assistant professor 5. Lecturer 1. Education (gymnasial level) 2. Education (gymnasial level) Main activities and 3. Education and research (universitary level) responsabilities 4. Education and research (universitary level) 5. Education and research (universitary level) 1. General School no. 1, Aninoasa, Hunedoara County, Romania 2.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lower Danube in Prehistory: Landscape Changes and Human-Environment Interactions
    THE LOWER DANUBE IN PREHISTORY: LANDSCAPE CHANGES AND HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS PUBLICAŢIILE MUZEULUI JUDEŢEAN TELEORMAN (III) THE LOWER DANUBE IN PREHISTORY: LANDSCAPE CHANGES AND HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS Proceedings of the International Conference Alexandria, 3 - 5 November 2010 Edited by Steve Mills and Pavel Mirea Contributors: Sorin Ailincăi, Radian-Romus Andreescu, Douglass W. Bailey, Adrian Bălăşescu, Amy Bogaard, Albane Burens, Glicherie Caraivan, Laurent Carozza, Jean-Michel Carozza, Dimitar Chernakov, Alexandra Comşa, Mihai Ştefan Florea, Georges Ganetzovski, Maria Gurova, Costantin Haită, Andy J. Howard, Cătălin Lazăr, Mark G. Macklin, Boryana Mateva, Florian Mihail, Cristian Micu, Katia Moldoveanu, Alexandru Morintz, Amelia Pannett, Valentin Radu, Ruth A. J. Robinson, Cristian Schuster, Cosmin Ioan Suciu, Cristian Eduard Ştefan, Laurens Thissen, Svetlana Venelinova, Valentina Voinea, Angela Walker Editura Renaissance Bucureşti 2011 PUBLICAŢIILE MUZEULUI JUDEŢEAN TELEORMAN (III) The International Conference The Lower Danube in Prehistory: Landscape Changes and Human-Environment Interaction was part of the Art-Landscape Transformations EC Project 2007-4230, Cardiff University partner scenario Magura - Past and Present founded by the European Union. Organising Committee: Professor Dr. Douglass W. Bailey, Chairman (San Francisco State University), Dr. Steve Mills, Vice-chairman (Cardiff University), Dr. Radian-Romus Andreescu, Vice- chairman (Romanian National History Museum, Bucharest), Dr. Cristian Schuster, Vice-chairman (‘Vasile Pârvan’ Institute of Archaeology, Bucharest), Drd. Pavel Mirea, Secretary (Teleorman County Museum, Alexandria). Cover design: Pompilia Zaharia (Teleorman County Museum, Alexandria) Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României The Lower Danube in Prehistory: Landscape Changes and Human-Environment Interactions/Proceedings of the International Conference, Alexandria 3-5 November 2010/ Editori: Steve Mills; Pavel Mirea Bucureşti, Editura Renaissance, 2011 ISBN 978-606-8321-01-1 I.
    [Show full text]