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Plant Health Карантин Растений

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КАРАНТИН РАСТЕНИЙ МАРТ НАУКА И ПРАКТИКА 1| 11| 2015 РУССКО-АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ ТРИПСЫ — КАНДИДАТЫ НА ВКЛЮЧЕНИЕ В ПЕРЕЧЕНЬ КАРАНТИННЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ ТАМОЖЕННОГО СОЮЗА, ОБНАРУЖИВАЕМЫЕ В ПОДКАРАНТИННОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ, ПОСТУПАЮЩЕЙ В КАЛИНИНГРАДСКУЮ ОБЛАСТЬ стр. 4 КОЛЬЧАТЫЕ КОКОНОПРЯДЫ РОДА MALACOSOMA — НОВЫЕ ОБЪЕКТЫ КАРАНТИННОГО ПЕРЕЧНЯ РФ стр. 20 ПОИСК МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ МАРКЕРОВ ДЛЯ ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИИ СОРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ стр. 32 THRIPS INTERCEPTED IN REGULATED ARTICLES IMPORTED INTO KALININGRAD REGION AS CANDIDATES FOR INCLUSION INTO THE PEST LIST OF THE CUSTOMS UNION page 9 TENT CATERPILLARS OF THE GENUS MALACOSOMA — NEW PESTS IN THE RUSSIAN QUARANTINE LIST page 24 SEARCH FOR MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF WEEDS page 36 RUSSIAN-ENGLISH JOURNAL PLANT HEALTH MARCH ISSN 2306-9767 ISSN RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 1| 11| 2015 КАРАНТИН РАСТЕНИЙ 1| 11| 2015 1 СОДЕРЖАНИЕ CONTENT НАУЧНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ RESEARCH STUDIES «КАРАНТИН РАСТЕНИЙ. НАУКА И ПРАКТИКА» В ОБЛАСТИ КАРАНТИНА РАСТЕНИЙ IN PLANT QUARANTINE ДВУЯЗЫЧНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ №1 (11) 2015 Г. В.И. Рожина, ведущий биолог ФГБУ «Калининградская МВЛ» Viktoria I. Rozhina, Leading Biologist Трипсы — кандидаты на включение в перечень карантинных объектов at the Kaliningrad Interregional Veterinary Laboratory Таможенного союза, обнаруживаемые в подкарантинной продукции, Thrips Intercepted in Regulated Articles Imported into Kaliningrad Region as поступающей в Калининградскую область Candidates for Inclusion into the Pest List of the Customs Union Главный редактор: Санин С.С. — академик РАН, РЕДАКЦИЯ: 4 9 У.Ш. Магомедов, кандидат директор Всероссийского НИИ Волкова Е.М. — заведующая сельскохозяйственных наук, фитопатологии В.Н. Жимерикин, ведущий научный сотрудник ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» Vladimir N. Zhimerikin, FGBU VNIIKR’s Leading Researcher лабораторией сорных растений директор ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» Ю.В. Смирнов, заместитель начальника Yury V. Smirnov, Deputy Head of FGBU VNIIKR’s научно-методического отдела энтомологии ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» Entomological Research and Methodology Department Мартин Уорд — Волков О.Г. — начальник Вероятность появления томатной огневки Neoleucinodes elegantalis Guenee Probability of the Tomato Fruit Borer Neoleucinodes elegantalis Guenee Шеф-редактор: Генеральный директор ЕОКЗР научно-методического отдела (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) на посевах пасленовых в России (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) Invading Solanaceous Crops in Russia Светлана Зиновьева, энтомологии помощник директора Рингольдс Арнитис — ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» по связям Президент ЕОКЗР 14 17 Кулинич О.А. — доктор с общественностью и СМИ М.М. Абасов, заместитель директора ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» Muzafar M. Abasov, FGBU VNIIKR’s Deputy Director биологических наук, Ханну Кукконен — директор А.Э. Нестеренкова, младший научный сотрудник ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» Anastasia E. Nesterenkova, FGBU VNIIKR’s Junior Researcher начальник отдела лесного Кольчатые коконопряды рода Malacosoma — Tent Caterpillars of the Genus Malacosoma — Выпускающие редакторы: подразделения фитосанитарного карантина новые объекты карантинного перечня РФ New Pests in the Russian Quarantine List Ольга Лесных, надзора, EVIRA (Финляндия) Юлия Трофимова, Приходько Ю.Н. — начальник Юлиана Бададгулова Сагитов А.О. — Генеральный 20 24 научно-методического отдела e-mail: [email protected] директор ТОО «Казахский НИИ О.Г. Волков, начальник научно-методического отдела Oleg G. Volkov, Head of FGBU VNIIKR’s фитопатологии защиты и карантина растений» энтомологии ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» Entomological Research and Methodology Department Редакционная коллегия Н.А. Гура, старший научный сотрудник научно-методического отдела Natalia A. Gura, Senior Researcher at FGBU VNIIKR’s Скрипка О.В. — заведующая журнала «Карантин растений. Сорока С.В. — директор РУП энтомологии ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» Entomological Research and Methodology Department лабораторией микологии Л.Г. Чеглик, младший научный сотрудник научно-методического отдела Liudmila Chehlik, Junior Researcher at FGBU VNIIKR’s Наука и практика»: «Институт защиты растений» энтомологии ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» Entomological Research and Methodology Department НАН Республики Беларусь Дренова О.Н. — начальник А.Ф. Гостюк, лаборант научно-методического отдела Aurika F. Gostiuk, Technician at FGBU VNIIKR’s Исаев А.А. — начальник отдела по международным энтомологии ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» Entomological Research and Methodology Department Управления фитосанитарного Джалилов Ф.С. — доктор Обнаружение энтомофага червецов симферобиуса Sympherobius sp. Detection of an Entomophage belonging to Sympherobius sp. связям и вопросам ВТО надзора и качества зерна биологических наук, (Neuroptera, Hemerobiidae) на лабораторной культуре виноградного червеца (Neuroptera, Hemerobiidae) on the Laboratory Culture of the Citrus (переводчик) профессор, заведующий Planococcus citri (Risso) (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) Mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) Гниненко М.Ю. — заместитель лабораторией защиты растений Маткава Л.Р. — специалист начальника Управления МСХА им. К.А. Тимирязева 28 30 отдела по международным фитосанитарного надзора связям и вопросам ВТО Ю.Ю. Кулакова, старший научный сотрудник НЭО ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» Yuliana Yu. Kulakova, Senior Researcher of FGBU VNIIKR’s и качества зерна Абасов М.М. — доктор (переводчик) В.Г. Кулаков, начальник испытательного экспертного Research and Testing Department биологических наук, центра ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» Vitaly G. Kulakov, Chief of FGBU VNIIKR’s Expert and Testing Department Долженко В.И. — академик заместитель директора Е.С. Мазурин, заместитель директора ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» Evgeny S. Mazurin, FGBU VNIIKR’s Deputy Director Шахманова З.Э. — специалист РАН, заместитель директора ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» Поиск молекулярных маркеров для идентификации сорных растений Search for Molecular Markers for Identification of Weeds отдела по международным Всероссийского НИИ связям и вопросам ВТО защиты растений Мазурин Е.С. — кандидат 32 36 (переводчик) биологических наук, Шрван Кумар, Институт сельскохозяйственных наук, Бенаресский Shrvan Kumar, Надыкта В.Д. — академик РАН, заместитель директора Дизайн и верстка: индуистский университет, Варанаси (Индия) IAS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (India) директор Всероссийского НИИ ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» Аша Синха, Институт сельскохозяйственных наук, Бенаресский индуистский Asha Sinha, Мария Поваляева биологической защиты растений университет, Варанаси (Индия) IAS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (India) Шероколава Н.А. — заместитель Корректор: Дханбир Сингх, Отдел фитопатологии Сельскохозяйственного университета Dhanbir Singh, Павлюшин В.А. — академик РАН, директора ФГБУ «ВНИИКР», Татьяна Артемьева Химачал-Прадеш, Палампур (Индия) Department of Plant Pathology CSK HPKV (India) Субхаш Дханхолиа, Отдел фитопатологии Сельскохозяйственного Subhash Dhancholia, директор Всероссийского НИИ вице-президент ЕОКЗР Менеджер по подписке университета Химачал-Прадеш, Палампур (Индия) Department of Plant Pathology CSK HPKV (India) защиты растений и дистрибуции: Ингибирование прорастания телиоспор Neovossia indica Efficacy of Culture Filtrates of Bio-control Agents Игорь Алпатов при помощи фильтратов культур агентов биологической борьбы on Teliospores Germination Inhibition of Neovossia indica +7 (925) 357 20 61 40 42 И.О. Камаев, начальник научно-экспериментального отдела ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» Ilya O. Kamaev, Head of FGBU VNIIKR’s Research and Testing Department Е.С. Мазурин, заместитель директора ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» Evgeny S. Mazurin, FGBU VNIIKR’s Deputy Director А.В. Шипулин, младший научный сотрудник научно-экспериментального Andrey V. Shipulin, Junior Researcher of FGBU VNIIKR’s Research and Учредитель: ООО «Успех», выпускается по заказу Федерального государственного отдела ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» Testing Department бюджетного учреждения «Всероссийский центр карантина растений» (ФГБУ «ВНИИКР») Непарный шелкопряд (Lymantria dispar): выделение внутривидовых Distinguishing between the Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar) Издатель: ООО «Успех» (105122, г. Москва, Щелковское шоссе, д. 13, оф. 402) комплексов и молекулярно-генетические подходы к идентификации Intraspesific Groups and Molecular Genetic Approaches to the Адрес редакции: 105122, г. Москва, Щелковское шоссе, д. 13, оф. 402 азиатского подвида Identification of the Asian Subspecies Типография: ООО «Юнион Принт», 603022, Нижегородская область, г. Нижний Новгород, Окский Съезд, д. 2, тел.: 8 (831) 439-44-99 45 52 Тираж 2000 экземпляров. Бесплатно. КАРАНТИН РАСТЕНИЙ 1| 11| 2015 3 chlorotic spot virus (TCSV), вирус пят- нистого увядания томатов – Tomato ТРИПСЫ — spotted wilt virus (TSWV), включен- ный в перечень А2 карантинных объектов ЕОКЗР (Riley et al., 2011). КАНДИДАТЫ НА ВКЛЮЧЕНИЕ Известны темная и светлая фор- в перечень карантинных объектов мы томатного трипса. В отличие от другого полиморфного вида — за- Таможенного союза, обнаруживаемые падного цветочного (калифорний- ского) трипса Frankliniella occidentalis, в подкарантинной продукции, в котором самки также встречаются двух форм, темной и светлой, а сам- поступающей в Калининградскую область цы обеих форм светлые, у F. schultzei и самцы и самки встречаются как темные, так и светлые. Изначально В.И. Рожина, ведущий биолог ФГБУ «Калининградская МВЛ» эти формы относили к разным ви- дам, но поскольку никаких других морфологических отличий кроме окраски не было установлено, Маунд (Laurence Alfred Mound) объединил различные по цвету формы в единый Трипсы — очень мелкие насеко- За последние два года зарегистрировано 8 случаев полиморфный вид — Frankliniella мые, относящиеся к отряду Бахром- обнаружения томатного трипса в партиях роз schultzei Tryb. В 1969 году было уста- чатокрылые — Thysanoptera,
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    USDA United States Department Insects and Related Arthropods Associated with of Agriculture Forest Service Greenleaf Manzanita in Montane Chaparral Pacific Southwest Communities of Northeastern California Research Station General Technical Report Michael A. Valenti George T. Ferrell Alan A. Berryman PSW-GTR- 167 Publisher: Pacific Southwest Research Station Albany, California Forest Service Mailing address: U.S. Department of Agriculture PO Box 245, Berkeley CA 9470 1 -0245 Abstract Valenti, Michael A.; Ferrell, George T.; Berryman, Alan A. 1997. Insects and related arthropods associated with greenleaf manzanita in montane chaparral communities of northeastern California. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-167. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Dept. Agriculture; 26 p. September 1997 Specimens representing 19 orders and 169 arthropod families (mostly insects) were collected from greenleaf manzanita brushfields in northeastern California and identified to species whenever possible. More than500 taxa below the family level wereinventoried, and each listing includes relative frequency of encounter, life stages collected, and dominant role in the greenleaf manzanita community. Specific host relationships are included for some predators and parasitoids. Herbivores, predators, and parasitoids comprised the majority (80 percent) of identified insects and related taxa. Retrieval Terms: Arctostaphylos patula, arthropods, California, insects, manzanita The Authors Michael A. Valenti is Forest Health Specialist, Delaware Department of Agriculture, 2320 S. DuPont Hwy, Dover, DE 19901-5515. George T. Ferrell is a retired Research Entomologist, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2400 Washington Ave., Redding, CA 96001. Alan A. Berryman is Professor of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6382. All photographs were taken by Michael A. Valenti, except for Figure 2, which was taken by Amy H.
  • Echinothrips Americanus (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) Why E

    Echinothrips Americanus (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) Why E

    EPPO, 2000 Mini data sheet on Echinothrips americanus Added in 1995 – Deleted in 2000 Reasons for deletion: There has been little evidence of significant damage of Echinothrips americanus in countries where it has been found. In 2000, it was therefore considered that it did not fulfil the categorization criteria of a quarantine pest and that sufficient alert had been given. Echinothrips americanus (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) Why E. americanus came to our attention because it was introduced into Europe in 1993. In many cases, measures (eradication and surveys have been taken). Where Found in the Netherlands in 1993 on ornamentals under glasshouse. Observed in Germany on Syngonium in 1995. Intercepted by UK on ornamentals from Netherlands in 1995/96. Found in France in 1996. Found in Italy (autumn 1998, in a glasshouse in Piemonte on imported plants (according to the EPPO Panel on Phytosanitary Regulations) - in spring 1999, in glasshouses in Emilia-Romagna), in UK, in Czech Republic (in February 1998, in South Bohemia (according to the EPPO Panel on Phytosanitary Regulations)). Considered as a pest in North America. It occurs in Bermuda, Canada (south), Mexico, USA (most of the eastern states). On which plants Many ornamentals: Dieffenbachia, Ficus, Hibiscus, Impatiens, Homalomena, Philodendron, Syngonium, etc. Araceae and Balsaminaceae are particularly attractive. Damage It feeds on leaf tissue and damage is very similar to that caused by mites, with light spots on the leaves. It can feed on flower parts. Pathway Glasshouse ornamentals plants for planting (cut flowers?) (in particular Araceae and Balsaminaceae) from infested countries in America and Europe. Possible risks Polyphagous species, likely to be easily spread (unnoticed) with plants.
  • Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring Within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘I: Synthesis Report

    Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring Within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘I: Synthesis Report

    Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Prepared by Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Hawaii Biological Survey Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817 USA Prepared for EKNA Services Inc. 615 Pi‘ikoi Street, Suite 300 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96814 and State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation, Airports Division Bishop Museum Technical Report 58 Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Bishop Museum Press 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i Copyright 2012 Bishop Museum All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America ISSN 1085-455X Contribution No. 2012 001 to the Hawaii Biological Survey COVER Adult male Hawaiian long-horned wood-borer, Plagithmysus kahului, on its host plant Chenopodium oahuense. This species is endemic to lowland Maui and was discovered during the arthropod surveys. Photograph by Forest and Kim Starr, Makawao, Maui. Used with permission. Hawaii Biological Report on Monitoring Arthropods within Kahului Airport Environs, Synthesis TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents …………….......................................................……………...........……………..…..….i. Executive Summary …….....................................................…………………...........……………..…..….1 Introduction ..................................................................………………………...........……………..…..….4
  • EPPO Reporting Service

    EPPO Reporting Service

    ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE EUROPEAN AND ET MEDITERRANEENNE MEDITERRANEAN POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION EPPO Reporting Service NO. 8 PARIS, 2017-08 General 2017/145 New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List 2017/146 Quarantine list of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) 2017/147 EPPO communication kits: new templates for pest-specific posters and leaflets Pests 2017/148 Rhynchophorus ferrugineus does not occur in Australia 2017/149 Platynota stultana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): added again to the EPPO Alert List Diseases 2017/150 First report of Puccinia hemerocallidis in Portugal 2017/151 First report of Pantoea stewartii in Malaysia 2017/152 Citrus leprosis disease is associated with several viruses 2017/153 Brevipalpus phoenicis, vector of citrus leprosis, is a species complex Invasive plants 2017/154 The suppressive potential of some grass species on the growth and development of Ambrosia artemisiifolia 2017/155 Bidens subalternans in the EPPO region: addition to the EPPO Alert List 2017/156 Abiotic constraints and biotic resistance control the establishment success of Humulus scandens 21 Bld Richard Lenoir Tel: 33 1 45 20 77 94 E-mail: [email protected] 75011 Paris Fax: 33 1 70 76 65 47 Web: www.eppo.int EPPO Reporting Service 2017 no. 8 - General 2017/145 New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List By searching through the literature, the EPPO Secretariat has extracted the following new data concerning quarantine pests and pests included (or formerly included) on the EPPO Alert List, and indicated in bold the situation of the pest concerned using the terms of ISPM no.
  • Poinsettia Thrips CP

    Poinsettia Thrips CP

    INDUSTRY BIOSECURITY PLAN FOR THE NURSERY & GARDEN INDUSTRY Threat Specific Contingency Plan Poinsettia thrips (Echinothrips americanus) Plant Health Australia April 2010 Disclaimer The scientific and technical content of this document is current to the date published and all efforts were made to obtain relevant and published information on the pest. New information will be included as it becomes available, or when the document is reviewed. The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice. Plant Health Australia and all persons acting for Plant Health Australia in preparing this publication, expressly disclaim all and any liability to any persons in respect of anything done by any such person in reliance, whether in whole or in part, on this publication. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of Plant Health Australia. Further information For further information regarding this contingency plan, contact Plant Health Australia through the details below. Address: Suite 5, FECCA House 4 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 Email: [email protected] Website: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au PHA & NGIA | Contingency Plan – Poinsettia thrips (Echinothrips americanus) 1 Purpose and background of this contingency plan
  • Lacewings, Mantidflies, Antlions and Relatives) of British Columbia by Geoff Scudder and Rob Cannings (2008)

    Lacewings, Mantidflies, Antlions and Relatives) of British Columbia by Geoff Scudder and Rob Cannings (2008)

    Checklist of the Neuroptera (Lacewings, Mantidflies, Antlions and Relatives) of British Columbia by Geoff Scudder and Rob Cannings (2008) The order Neuroptera is represented in British Columbia by eight families, 24 genera and 72 known species. The first BC list was published by Spencer (1942) when the three neuropteroid orders found in the province (Megaloptera, Raphidioptera and Neuroptera) were considered one order (Neuroptera). Garland and Kevan (2007) document the Chrysopidae, Klimaszewski and Kevan (1985, 1987, 1988, 1992) list the Hemerobiidae, Meinander (1972, 1974) list the Coniopterygidae and Cannings and Cannings (2006) document the Mantispidae. The classification used here is based on that of Oswald and Penny (1991). Two species of Coniopterygidae marked (A) are alien introductions. Order Neuroptera (Lacewings, Mantidflies, Antlions and Relatives) Family Berothidae (Beaded Lacewings) Lomamyia occidentalis (Banks) Family Chrysopidae (Green Lacewings) Chrysopa chi Fitch Chrysopa coloradensis Banks Chrysopa excepta Banks Chrysopa nigricornis Burmeister Chrysopa oculata Say Chrysopa pleuralis Banks Chrysopa quadripunctata Burmeister Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) Dichochrysa perfecta (Banks) Eremochrysa canadensis (Banks) Eremochrysa fraterna (Banks) Eremochrysa punctinervis (McLachlan) Meleoma dolicharthra (Navas) Meleoma emuncta (Fitch) Meleoma schwarzi (Banks) Meleoma signoretti Fitch Nineta gravida (Banks) Nothochrysa californica Banks 1 Family Coniopterygidae (Dustywings) Coniopteryx canadenisis Meinander Coniopteryx tineiformis
  • The Most Northern Record of the Alien Composite Thrips Microcephalothrips Abdominalis in Europe – Short Communication

    The Most Northern Record of the Alien Composite Thrips Microcephalothrips Abdominalis in Europe – Short Communication

    Plant Protect. Sci. Vol. 54, 2018, No. 1: 43–47 doi: 10.17221/42/2017-PPS The Most Northern Record of the Alien Composite Thrips Microcephalothrips abdominalis in Europe – Short Communication Peter FEDOR 1*, Jakub SIGMUND 1, Martina ZVARÍKOVÁ1, Rudolf MASAROVIč 1, Martin ŠTEFÁNIK 1, Miroslav KRUMPÁL2, Juraj LITAV SKÝ 1 and Pavol PROKOp 3 1Department of Environmental Ecology and 2Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovak Republic *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Fedor P., Sigmund J., Zvaríková M., Masarovič R., Štefánik M., Krumpál M., Litavský J., Prokop P. (2018): The most northern record of the alien composite thrips Microcephalothrips abdominalis in Europe – short com- munication. Plant Protect. Sci., 54: 43–47. The most northern record of Microcephalothrips abdominalis (Crawford, 1910) (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) in Europe and the first record in Slovakia was described. The climate change induced introduction in synergy with biological commodity trade globalisation may support the ability of exotic elements to establish adequate populations with suitable fitness. The main threat consists in at least temporary survival in mild climate ecosystems dispersing from artificially heated interiors with the potential to transmit economically important viruses, such as Tobacco streak virus. Keywords: introduction; pest; TSV The Earth’s climate has generally warmed up by ap- 2001) and a lot of cold-limited species may thus be proximately 0.6°C over the past 100 years (Walther able to increase their geographic range (Thomson et al. 2002) and this phenomenon has undisputedly et al. 2010), with numerous examples within mild affected the distribution and ecological dynamics and boreal climate territories (e.g.