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In National Chambal Gharial Sanctuary (1984–2016) Reflecting on the Feasibility of Long-Term Ecological Monitoring

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In National Chambal Gharial Sanctuary (1984–2016) Reflecting on the Feasibility of Long-Term Ecological Monitoring OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of artcles in any medium, reproducton, and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication Sighting trend of the Indian Skimmer (Charidiformes: Laridae: Rynchops albicollis Swainson, 1838) in National Chambal Gharial Sanctuary (1984–2016) reflecting on the feasibility of long-term ecological monitoring L.A.K. Singh & R.K. Sharma 26 April 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 5 | Pages: 11574–11582 10.11609/jot.3732.10.5.11574–11582 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies and Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints contact <[email protected]> Publisher & Host Partners Member Threatened Taxa SIghtng trend in Indian Skimmer over 32 yearsJournal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2018 | 10(5): 11574–11582Singh & Sharma Sighting trend of the Indian Skimmer (Charidiformes: Communication Laridae: Rynchops albicollis Swainson, 1838) in National Chambal Gharial Sanctuary (1984–2016) reflecting ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) on the feasibility of long-term ecological monitoring OPEN ACCESS L.A.K. Singh 1 & R.K. Sharma 2 1 Puspaswini, 1830-Mahatab Road, Old Town, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751002, India 2 Natonal Chambal Sanctuary, Morena, Madhya Pradesh 476001, India 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected] Abstract: River Chambal, in northwestern India, is a tributary of the Gangetc River system. It fows through the states of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh (MP) and Utar Pradesh (UP), and the Natonal Chambal Gharial Sanctuary (NCGS) encompasses a 572km stretch of the river from Keshoraipatan in Rajasthan to Pachhnada in UP. The sanctuary includes about 15km of river Yamuna afer confuence with Chambal. During annual monitoring of Gharial in Chambal the Indian Skimmer, Rhynchops albicollis numbers were also counted in 12 study zones for 17 observaton years spread between 1984–85 and 2015–16. The number of skimmers was below 355 for 15 of the 17 observaton years. Skimmer counts were higher in 1995 at 555 individuals. The count for diferent study zones is not uniform, but with reference to Rajghat at the crossing of Natonal Highway number-3, the count upstream is lower than downstream with an excepton in the year 2011. The river downstream appears to be a beter skimmer habitat with beter availability of fsh, and long stretches of fowing water along low-lying sandy banks. The study calls for contnued, coordinated and strengthened atenton to NCGS for added conservaton of locally migratng birds. The research and management connect in NCGS is a model where long term ecological monitoring has been possible because of simple and implementable protocols that were used unchanged over such a long period by a set of identfed feld personnel. Keywords: Birds, Gangetc River system, Indian Skimmer, long term ecological monitoring, Natonal Chambal Sanctuary, Rynchops albicollis. Hindi Abstract: mRrj if’peh Hkkjr esa pEcyunh xaxkunh ra= dh ,d lgk;d unh gSA ;g jktLFkku] e/; izns’k ¼e-iz-½ ,oa mRrj izns’k ¼m-iz-½ jkT;ksa esa ls gksrh gqbZ cgrh gSA jk”Vªh; pEcy ?kfM+;ky vH;kj.; ¼jk-p-?k-v-½ dh dqy yEckbZ jktLFkku ds ds’kksjk;ikVu ls ysdj mRrj izns’k ds ipunk rd 572 fd-eh- gS- blesa pEcy] ;equk laxe ds ckn ipunk rd dh 15 fd-eh- ;equk unh dh yEckbZ Hkh lfEefyr gSA o”kZ 1984&85 ls 2015&16 rd ds e/; 17 voyksdu o”kksZ esa v/;;u {ks= dks 12 mi {ks=ksa esa foHkkftr dj pEcy unh esa okf”kZd ?kfM+;ky losZ{k.k ds nkSjku bf.M;u fLdej dh x.kuk dh xbZA 17 voyksdu o”kksZ esa ls 15 o”kksZ esa fLdej dh la[;k 355 ls uhps ikbZ xbZ FkhA o”kZ 1995 esa fLdej dh lokZf/kd la[;k 555 ikbZ xbZA unh ds fofHkUu mi{ks=ksa esa fLdej dh la[;k leku ugha gS] ysfdu jkt?kkV iqy ds Åijh {ks= dh rqyuk esa fupys Hkkx esa fLdej la[;k vf/kd ikbZ xbZ] ek= o”kZ 2011 dh la[;k dks NksM+djA pEcy unh dk jkt?kkV ls fupyk {ks= ftlesa eNyh dh csgrj miyC/krk ,oa cgrs ikuh ds yEcs fgLlksa ds lkFk mFkys jsrhys fdukjs gS og bf.M;u fLdej vkokl ds fy, csgrj izrhr gq,s gSaA ;g v/;;u LFkkuh; Lrj ij izoklh ¼ekbxzsVjh½ if{k;ksa ds vfrfjDr laj{k.k ds fy, jk-p-?k-v- dks fujUrj lefUor vkSj etcwr /;ku nsus dh ekax djrk gSA jk-p-?k-v- vuqla/kku ,oa izca/ku ds rkyesy dk ,d ,slk vkn’kZ uewuk gS tgka lgt ljy dk;kZUo;u ;ksX; izksVksdkWy ds dkj.k nh/kZdkfyd ikfjfLFkfrd vuqJ`o.k laHko gks ldk gSA dqN fpfUgr eSnkuh dfeZ;ksa ds ,d lewg }kjk bruh yEch vof/k rd fcuk fdlh cnyko ds dk;Zjr jgus ij gh vuqJ`o.k laHko gqvk gSA DOI: htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3732.10.5.11574-11582 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4D69A3BF-FA8A-42B4-B01E-0B1E6FBD7E5B Editor: Hem Sagar Baral, School of Environmental Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Albury-Woodonga, Australia. Date of publicaton: 26 April 2018 (online & print) Manuscript details: Ms # 3732 | Received 04 August 2017 | Final received 25 February 2018 | Finally accepted 22 March 2018 Citaton: Singh, L.A.K. & R.K. Sharma (2018). Sightng trend of the Indian Skimmer (Charidiformes: Laridae: Rynchops albicollis Swainson, 1838) in Natonal Cham- bal Gharial Sanctuary (1984–2016) refectng on the feasibility of long-term ecological monitoring. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(5): 11574–11582; htp://doi. org/10.11609/jot.3732.10.5.11574-11582 Copyright: © Singh & Sharma. 2018. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this artcle in any medium, reproduc- ton and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Funding: None. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Author Details: L.A.K. Singh: Former Asst. Director / Ofcer-in-Charge, erstwhile Central Crocodile Breeding and Management Training Insttute, Hyderabad, Government of India; started the Field Camp of Crocodile Research Centre, Wildlife Insttute of India at Deori, Natonal Chambal Sanctuary in 1983. Superannuated from service with Forest and Environment Department- Odisha in December 2010. R.K. Sharma: Former Research Range Ofcer, Natonal Chambal Sanctuary (NCS); with LAKS authored the frst reports on bird and dolphin in NCS; superannuated from service in Madhya Pradesh Forest Department in September 2016. Author Contributon: RKS: member of the study team started in NCS by LAKS in 1983; collected and maintained all data on birds tll 2016. LAKS: developed the protocol for collecton of data on gharial and ecological associates like birds from 1983–84 onwards; analysed and developed the contents in this paper with RKS. Acknowledgements: The authors wish to thank all ofcials, feld staf, villagers and other individuals of the states of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Utar Pradesh who rendered assistance, gave helpful suggestons and shared the joy and stress during feld work in Natonal Chambal Sanctuary. Special grattude to the Forest Department, Madhya Pradesh and Project Ofcers of Natonal Chambal Sanctuary for providing facilites to establish and functon from the Field Camp of Crocodile Research Centre, Wildlife Insttute of India in Gharial Campus, Deori of Morena District. 11574 SIghtng trend in Indian Skimmer over 32 years Singh & Sharma INTRODUCTION of Rajasthan, Sheopur, Bhind and Morena in Madhya Pradesh, and Agra and Etawah in Utar Pradesh. Populaton studies and radio tracking of Gharial Gavialis gangetcus were started in the winter of 1983– Natonal Chambal Gharial Sanctuary 84 in Natonal Chambal Gharial Sanctuary (NCGS) (Singh There are two sanctuaries on Chambal for the 1985; Habib et al. 2010). This study gave emergence conservaton of Gharial Gavialis gangetcus. The to ancillary feld observatons and conservaton Jawahar Sagar Sanctuary in Rajasthan was gazeted recommendaton for various other indicator species in October 1975, followed by the Natonal Chambal (Singh 1999). One of the highlights from 1983–1985 Gharial Sanctuary by the states of UP, Rajasthan and MP is the richness of wetland birds in Chambal (Sharma & in three separate notfcatons between January 1979 Singh 1986). Long-term monitoring untl recent tmes and September 1983. NCGS starts from Keshoraipatan, has ofered the scope to beter understand the scenario about 18km afer Kota Barrage, and extends up to related to the birds of Chambal. The present study on Pachhnada (Fig. 1). The length of the sanctuary is 572km the Indian Skimmer Rhynchops albicollis is one such that includes about 15km of Yamuna afer confuence long duraton study. It gives an account of the trend of with Chambal. The width of the sanctuary extends out number of skimmers observed in NCGS based on the of the riverbank, to cover adjacent important areas in data collected during Gharial surveys conducted untl UP, but is limited to 1km on either banks in Rajasthan 2015–16. and MP. In 1983, the Government of India established a River Chambal feld camp of the erstwhile Central Crocodile Breeding River Chambal in northwestern India originates and Management Training Insttute of Hyderabad at from the Singar Chori peak of Vindhya Range near Deori Campus in Morena District of MP.
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