Preliminary Accessment Report on Wash and Nutrition in Sheopur District of Madhya Pradesh
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PRELIMINARY ACCESSMENT REPORT ON WASH AND NUTRITION IN SHEOPUR DISTRICT OF MADHYA PRADESH ASSESSMENT MADE BY VIVEK YADAV, NUTRITION AND HEALTH PROGRAMME MANAGER, ACF 28-29TH MARCH 2016 1 Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3 About the document…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..4 Background information of Sheopur District……………………………………………………………………………………….5 1. Problem of Migration…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….8 2. Status of Health and Nutrition……………………………………………………………………………………………….9 2.1 Visit to District NRC & Karhal block NRC………………………………………………………………………….10 Challenges………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………….10 2.2 From ICDS point of view………………………………………………………………………………………………….11 2.3 Short case study of Ganesh from Mayapura village…………………………………………………………11 3. Water Sanitation and Health (WASH)………………………………………………………………………………….13 3.1 Orography & key indicators on WASH……………………………………………………………………………..13 3.1.1 Drainage………………………………………………………………………………………………………….14 3.1.2 Springs……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..14 3.2 Rainfall and Climate…………………………………………………………………………………………………………15 3.2.1 Geomorphology………………………………………………………………………………………………15 3.2.2 Soils………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….15 3.3 Ground water scenario…………………………………………………………………………………………………….15 3.3.1 Hydrogeology…………………………………………………………………………………………………..15 Vindhyan Formation…………………………………………………………………………………………16 Alluvium……………………………………………………………………………………………………………16 3.3.2 Ground water resources…………………………………………………………………………………..16 3.3.3 Ground water quality………………………………………………………………………………………..16 4. Field visit observations…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..17 4.1 WASH at NRC/School/AWC………………………………………………………………………………………….…..17 4.2 Availability of drinking water in village………………………………………………………………………….…..17 4.3 Village Kapura……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..18 4.4 Village Lehruni……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….19 5. Meeting with key government department……………………………………………………………………….….19 6. Desk review information from secondary sources………………………………………………………………...20 6.1 Social audit by MGSA on ‘Status of toilet facilities at school’…………………………………………….20 6.2 Social audit by MGSA on ‘Availability of drinking water in rural areas’……………………………..20 7. Conclusion and recommendations ………………………………………………………………………………………..21 2 Acronyms and Abbreviations: ANM Auxiliary Nurse Midwife AWC Aanganwadi Center AWW Aanganwadi Worker ASHA Accredited Social Health Activist CMHO Chief Medical & Health Officer FHW Frontline Health Worker (ANM/ASHA/AWW) ICDS Integrated Child Development Services LAMA Left against medical advice MAM Moderately acute malnourished MUW Moderately Underweight NGO Non-Government organization NRC Nutrition Rehabilitation Center SAM Severely acute malnourished SUW Severely Underweight TB Tuberculosis TSC Total Sanitation Campaign WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene 3 About the Document A two-day assessment has been carried out in the district of Sheopur, Madhya Pradesh, by Mr. Vivek Yadav, ACF Nutrition and Health Programme Manager, in 28-29 March 2016. The objective was to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the nutrition situation in this district identified as a high burden area by Government of Madhya Pradesh, and where Action Against Hunger (ACF) and Fight Hunger Foundation (FHF) are required to intervene as per their MOU signed respectively with MoHFW and MWCD. In addition, the WASH situation was to be considered in light of the drought that has started to affect the Bundelkhand Region, and some information shared by GIZ after an assessment done in February. Support in facilitation of field visit to villages, NRC, and meeting with key officials was provided by a Mahatma Gandhi Sewa Aashram, a local NGO in the district. The document contains both primary and secondary information based on interviews, assessment, transit walk into villages and observations. Key emphasis on WASH and Nutrition was made to receive all major information that could support the requirement of the document. Section 3 of the document has been extracted from Sheopur Ground Water Handbook prepared by ministry of water resources, GOI in 2013. Part of information on health indicators for Sheopur district has been referred from Census of India 2011, which has been mentioned within the content. All the photographs used in the document are originally captured by ACF during the assessment. The report contains findings and details of the study as follows: . Background information of Sheopur District . Status of Health and Nutrition . Status of WASH . Field visit observations . Meeting with key government officials . Desk review information from secondary sources . Conclusion and recommendations 4 1. Background Information of Sheopur District Map representing blocks in Sheopur district. Sheopur District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. It is a newly formed district situated in the North Western corner of Madhya Pradesh and forms part of Chambal Division. It came into existence by reorganization of Morena District. The town of Sheopur is the district headquarters. Other towns include Bijeypur, Karahal and Badoda. The Seopur district is bordered by Rajasthan on the west and Uttar Pradesh on the north. The adjacent districts are Morena, Gwalior and Bhind in the east and Shivpuri in the south. The district lies between North Longitude 76030’ to 77040’ and east latitude 5 25015’ to 26015’1. The district covers an area of 6,606 km. As of 2011, its population is 687,952 and it is the third least populous district of Madhya Pradesh (out of 50), after Harda and Umaria. It is one out of 21 tribal districts of Madhya Pradesh. The district has a population density of 104 inhabitants per square kilometre (270/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 22.96%. Sheopur has a sex ratio of 901 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 57.4 %. No. of Gram Block Area (Km2) No. of Villages Panchayat Vijaipur 2,893 182 77 Sheopur 1,426 249 94 Karhal 2,347 118 48 Description* (*Source: Census of India 2011) Year 2011 Year 2001 Actual Population 687,861 559,495 Male 361,784 295,297 Female 326,077 264,198 Population Growth 22.94% 29.70% Area Sq. Km 6,606 6,606 1 Survey of India toposheet No’s 54 C/10, 11, 14, 9, 13, 54 F/4 & 8 and 54 G/2, 3 & 9 6 Density/km2 104 85 Proportion to Madhya Pradesh Population 0.95% 0.93% Sex Ratio (Per 1000) 901 895 Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Age) 897 929 Average Literacy 57.43 46.40 Male Literacy 69.33 61.76 Female Literacy 44.23 29.07 Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 116,639 112,229 Male Population (0-6 Age) 61,490 58,166 Female Population (0-6 Age) 55,149 54,063 Literates 328,025 207,536 Male Literates 208,201 146,457 Female Literates 119,824 61,079 Child Proportion (0-6 Age) 16.96% 20.06% Boys Proportion (0-6 Age) 17.00% 19.70% Girls Proportion (0-6 Age) 16.91% 20.46% According to the preliminary information the economy of Sheopur district is mainly based on agriculture. Main crops are wheat, maize, gram and mustard. Tribal population lives in all the three blocks of district. Karhal and Vijaypur blocks have highest number of tribes. Big farmers from other states have moved in to Sheopur and captured the farms and lands of tribal; as per law an outsider is not permutable to purchase land from tribal but these big farmers and local influential parties trapped the sahariyas by influence or offers and at present sahariyas are working on their own land as bonded labor. In the discussion with key district officials and NGO, it strongly came out that Karhal block is among the worst performing block in Sheopur on many indicators. Availability of water for drinking and irrigation is 7 lowest in the block, and rate of migration remains high from Karhal block. Data from district NRC reveals maximum referral of severely malnourished children from Karhal block. The initial assessment is based on the discussion made with MGSA (NGO), different district level government officials, visit to NRCs, field visits made to villages of Karhal block, interaction with community, group discussions and general observations. 1.1 Problem of Migration: Drought-hit Sheopur district in northern Madhya Pradesh witness large scale migration of tribal population in search of employment to neighboring districts of Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan that bordering the tribal dominated district. Migration of Saharia tribe takes place from neighbouring Shivpuri, Morena and Bhind districts. They take up menial jobs at construction sites and farm lands. Maximum migration is been reported from Karahal and Vijaypur tehsils of Sheopur. Crops failure in large area of cultivation across Sheopur is due to scarce rainfall, and there is hardly any labour intensive work in the district that could generate employment and prevent migration. Major migration takes place from February to June, and from October to November. More than 70% migration takes place from rural areas2 each year. Officially there is no data available to undermine the situation. During Chait3 period, the maximum wages earned by Sahariyas people are for harvesting the wheat crop. But instead of cash payment, they receive a part of total crop. As per prevailing practice, they receive about 5% of the total crop as their wages i.e. in return of harvesting one quintal of wheat; they receive 5 Kgs of wheat as their wages. The Sahariya migrant workers are crowded into the lower spectrum of the labour market and have little entitlement in regard