Agricultural Education and Research in the Jurisdiction of RVSKVV, Gwalior (M.P.) (Post - Independence to Establishment of JNKVV) 1947-1964 Volume - II Suresh Singh Tomar G. S. Bhardwaj A. K. Singh V. S. Tomar 2013 Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya Gwalior - 474002 (M.P.) Correct Citation : Agricultural Education and Research in the Jurisdiction of RVSKVV, Gwalior (M.P.) (Post - Independence to Establishment of JNKVV 1947-1964 ) Volume II Compiled and Edited by : Dr. Suresh Singh Tomar Dr. G. S. Bhardwaj Prof. A. K. Singh Prof. V. S. Tomar Technical Assistance : Dr. S. S. Bhadauria Dr. Neeraj Hada Dr. S. S. Kushwah Dr. Shobhana Gupta Consultancy : Dr. P. R. Rajput Year of Publication : 2013 Published by : Directorate of Extension Services RVSKVV, Gwalior – 474 002 (M.P.) INDIA CONTENTS I. Agricultural Development / Creation of Infrastructure 01 (1) Establishment of Agriculture School at Gwalior 01 (2) Cane Development Section 01 (3) Cotton Research Schemes 05 (4) Vegetable Research Scheme 07 (5) Agricultural Farms 08 (6) Agricultural Engineering and Boring Section 12 (7) College of Agriculture, Gwalior 13 (8) College of Agriculture, Sehore 14 (9) College of Agriculture, Indore 14 (10) College of Veterinary Sci. and Animal Husbandry, Mho 14 (11) Grow More Food Scheme 14 (12) Integration and Re-organisation of Research 17 (13) Establishment of Central Mechanized Farm, Bhopal 19 II. Salient Achievements 21 Education (1) College of Agriculture, Gwalior 21 (2) RAK College of Agriculture, Sehore 44 (3) College of Agriculture, Indore 50 Research 52 (1) Agronomical Work (Under Botanical Section) 52 Bajra 52 Cotton 53 Jowar 53 Gram 55 Groundnut 55 Maize 56 Paddy 56 Peas 58 Sugarcane 58 Wheat 61 Fodder crops / grasses and legumes 64 Mixed cropping experiments 66 Improved cultural practices of the principal 68 crops of Gwalior Region Response of crops to phosphate fertilizers 68 Economics of Fertilizer application 69 (2) Botanical Section 70 Arhar 70 Bajra 71 Cotton 71 Gram 73 Groundnut 76 Jowar 76 Linseed 78 Maize 79 Mung 79 Mustard 80 Paddy 81 Peas 83 Potato 84 Sugarcane 86 Tilli 87 Urid 88 Wheat 88 Fodder Crops 96 Introduction of new varieties 96 Varieties recommended for different regions 96 Fundamental research in Botany 96 (3) Chemical Section / Soil Science Section 97 Expanded soil testing service in 107 the Madhya Bharat State Preliminary studies of the soils of Alirajpur 108 (District Jhabua), Madhya Bharat Report on soil samples from Lahar Pargana 109 (District Bhind), Madhya Bharat Studies of surface soils of some villages 109 in Guna District (Madhya Bharat) Investigations of the soils of 109 Dabra sugarcane farm Soil profile studies of some proposed 110 experimentfarms in Chambal Commanded area Pre-Irrigation Soil Survey of Chambal 110 Command area Scheme for the study of physical properties 110 ofcertain chemical fertilizers under storage conditions Scheme on Agronomic Trials under T. C. M. 111 I. C. A. R. Scheme on Model Agronomic 112 Experiments and Co-ordinated Scheme on Simple Fertilizers Trial in CultivatorsField Soil conservation programme and 113 increased production Role of micro-organisms in building 113 up of soil fertility (4) Mycological / Plant Pathology Section 113 (5) Entomological Section 123 Plant protection work 123 Anti-locust work 123 (6) Horticultural Section 130 (7) Agricultural Engineering Section 132 Improvement in indigenous implements 132 (8) Statistics Section 135 (9) Agricultural Extension Section 136 (10) Institute of Plant Industry, Indore 136 Cotton breeding and genetics 136 Improvement in other crops 137 Agronomical investigation on different crops 138 Entomology 151 Plant Pathology 160 (11) Abstracts of M. Sc. (Ag) Thesis Research Work, 164 College of Agriculture, Gwalior Visitors 189 Appendices – 191 I. Improved Cultural Practices of the Principal 191 Crops of the Tract II. Summary of results achieved on farms of Madhya 196 Bharat region. III. Varieties recommended for different regions 202 IV. Mechanical Analysis of Sheopur & other soils (22 samples) 207 V. Protein Analysis. 209 VI. Protein Analysis. 211 VII. Soil testing services in Madhya Pradesh. 213 VIII. Analytical resultsof the soils of Alirajpur 214 (District Jhabua), M. B. IX. Analytical results of soils samples from Lahar, 215 Pargana (District Bhind), M. B. X. Analytical results of the soils of Dabra Sugarcane Farm 216 XI. Analytical results of soils of Chambal Commanded Area 217 XII. Summary of the talk on “Soil Conservation 218 Programme and Increased Production” XIII. Summary of talk on “Role of Microorganisms in 220 Building up Soil Fertility” XIV. Summary of Talk on Important Plant Diseases and 221 their Practical Control Measures XV. Rejuvenation of Old Orchards 222 XVI. Problem of Fruit & Vegetable Cultivation in M. P. 223 XVII. Problems of Fruit Growing in the Region 224 XVIII. Summary of the talk on improvement in Indigenous 225 Implements for increasing their efficiency XIX. Extension Methods for Dissemination of Knowledge 226 to Farmers References 228 PREFACE Agriculture is the mainstay of the Indian economy because of the large population which depends upon it for their livelihood and the fact that our agriculture production is providing food to the second largest population in the world. The scenario of agriculture is changing rapidly in the country with need based advancement in the socio-economic status of the peasantry and globalization taking place in agriculture. The nation has achieved self-sufficiency in food grain production with the application of science and technology but the burgeoning population has put considerable pressure on natural resources forcing us to made concerted efforts to augment sustainable food security for future. Established in year 2008, RVSKVV, Gwalior has been instrumental in educating farmers of the state through various interventions. The University is constantly engaged in generating new technologies for the socio-economic upliftment of the farming community. This book is in continuation of Volume I, in which history and achievements of agriculture under the area of jurisdiction of RVSKVV during pre-independence period (1916-1947) have been presented. In the Volume II, the work of post-independence to the establishment of JNKVV, Jabalpur period (1947-1964) has been documented. I hope this publication will be of great interest to scientists, teachers, students, farmers etc. I congratulate Dr. S. S. Tomar, Director Extension Services and his team for the efforts they have made for bringing out this historical publication. (A.K. Singh) Vice Chancellor RVSKVV, Gwalior (M.P.) FOREWORD Indian agriculture has come a long way from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture. In the years following Independence, Indian agriculture overcame several challenging situations and achieved phenomenal success to steer the country out of imports based food security to a respectable position of self-reliant food security and food bill. Technologies generated within our National Agriculture Research System (NARS), comprising mainly of research institutions of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and the State Agriculture Universities, have significantly contributed to the overall transformation of the agriculture that ushered in Green (food grains), White (milk), Golden (horticulture) and Blue (fish) revolutions. Today, Indian agriculture is the single largest private enterprise that sustains livelihood of about two-thirds of the population. Agriculture along with other mainstream sectors, therefore, continues to be the major source of strength for the Indian economy. Presently, agriculture is on the crossroads due to the challenges posed by the shrinking and degrading natural resource base and the changing climate. But agriculture still is a mine with plenty of hidden jewels of opportunities to overcome these challenges and to provide employment to hundreds of millions of rural poor to move out of hunger and grave poverty. For this, we have to re-orient agriculture to the changes of environment and food basket needs, which are changing at a faster pace. Economic accessibility of food has been linked with better nutrition and health and can be addressed through diversification of agriculture. There is also the need for directing our efforts for global competitiveness of farm commodities. This can be achieved through development of adaptive varieties of crops that can acclimatize to change climate. The decision of the Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior to bring out this publication is indeed very timely. It will fulfill the long-felt need of all those engaged in agricultural activities. It will provide valuable information about changes in agricultural research & education in the jurisdiction of RVSKVV. I would like to record my sincere thanks to the RVSKVV in general, and Prof. A. K. Singh, Vice – Chancellor, RVSKVV, Gwalior, in particular, for giving me this opportunity. I hope this publication will be a useful reference material for all those interested in agricultural research & education. (V. S. Tomar) Vice Chancellor JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to Hon'ble Vice Chancellor, Prof. A. K. Singh, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior for his cordial support, monitoring and exemplary guidance, which helped in completing this task through various stages. We are thankful and express deep regards to