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Gangtok Water Supply Subproject Initial Environmental Examination March 2011 IND: North-Eastern Region Capital Cities Development Investment Program–Gangtok Water Supply Subproject Prepared by State Investment Program Management and Implementation Unit (SIPMIU), Urban Development Department for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 29 June 2011) Currency unit – rupee (INR) INR1.00 = $0.0222 $1.00 = INR 45.040 ABBREVIATIONS ADB — Asian Development Bank BSNL — Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited CBOs — Communities based Organisation CC — Construction Contractor CGWB — Central Ground Water Board DPR — Detailed Project Report DSMC — Design, Supervision & Management Consultant EAC — Expert Appraisal Committee EC — Environmental Clearance EIA — Environmental Impact Assessment EIP — Environmental Implementation Plan EMP — Environmental Monitoring Plan EO — Environmental Officer ES — Environmental Specialist GLSR — Ground Level Service Reservoir GMA — Gangtok Municipal Area GMC — Gangtok Municipal Corporation IA — Implementing Agency IEE — Initial Environmental Examination IPCC — Investment Program Coordination Cell JNNURM — Jawahar Lal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission MFF — Multi-tranche Financing Facility MLD — Million Liter Per Day MoEF — Ministry of Environment and Forests MoUD — Ministry of Urban Development NAAQS — National Ambient Air Quality Standards NEA — National-level Executing Agency NER — North Eastern Region NERCCDIP — North Eastern region Capital Cities Development Investment Program NGOs — Non-government Organisation NSC — National level Steering Committee O&M — Operation & Maintanance PMC — Program Management Consultant RCC — Reinforced Cement Concrete REA — Rapid Environmental Assessment RF — Resettlement Framework ROW — Right of Way SPCB — Sikkim Pollution Control Board SEA — State-level Executing Agency SEIAA — State Environment Impact Assessment Authority SIPMIU — State Investment Program Management and Implementation Unit SPM — Suspended Particulate Matter SPS — Safeguard Policy Statement SRP — Short Resettlement Plan STP — Sewage Treatment Plan TNSS — Taschi Namgyal Senior Secondary School ToR — Terms of Reference UDHD — Urban Development & Housing Department WSPHED — Water Security & Public Health Engineering Department WTP — Water Treatment Plan WEIGHTS AND MEASURES lakh – 100 thousand = 100,000 crore – 100 lakhs = 10,000,000 µg/m3 – micrograms per cubic meter km – kilometer lpd – liters per day m – meter mg/l – milligrams per liter mm – millimeter ppm – parts per million NOTE{S} (i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. (ii) ―INR‖ and ―Rs‖ refer to Indian rupees 3 This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Purpose of the Report 1 B. Extent of the IEE Study 2 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 5 A. Type, Category and Need 5 B. Location and Implementation Schedule 6 C. Description of the Subproject 6 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 11 A. Physical Resources 11 B. Biological Resources 13 C. Economic Development 14 D. Social and Cultural Resources 16 IV. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 17 A. Pre-construction – Location and Design 17 B. Construction 20 D. Cumulative Impact Assessment 29 V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 31 A. Project Stakeholders 31 B. Consultations and Disclosures Conducted 31 C. Future Consultation and Disclosure 32 VI. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 33 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 34 A. Institutional Arrangements 34 B. Environmental Mitigation Plan 37 C. Environmental Monitoring Program 38 D. Environmental Management Plan Costs 63 i VIII. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 63 IX. CONCLUSIONS 64 APPENDIXES 1. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist 65 2. Public Consultation Environment 69 3. Recommended Contract Clauses 72 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. The North-Eastern Region Capital Cities Development Investment Program (NERCCDIP) envisages achieving sustainable urban development in the Project Cities of Agartala, Aizawl, Gangtok, Kohima, and Shillong through investments in urban infrastructure sectors. NERCCDIP will be implemented over a six year period beginning in 2010, and will be funded by a loan via the Multitranche Financing Facility (MFF) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). 2. The Ministry of Urban Development (MOUD) is the national Executing Agency. State- level Investment Program Management and Implementation Units (SIPMIU) in each state is responsible for overall technical supervision and execution of all subprojects funded under the Investment Program. The SIPMIU is being assisted by: design, management and supervision consultants (DMSC), who are designing the infrastructure, managing the tendering of contracts, and will supervise construction. 3. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank’s operations, and the requirements for an Environmental Assessment are described in ADB’s Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS, 2009). This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all project loans, program loans, sector loans, sector development program loans, loans involving financial intermediaries, and private sector loans. 4. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been prepared for the Gangtok Water Supply Subproject specifically for (i) replacement and augmentation of the distribution network; (ii) construction of seven service reservoirs; and (iii) installation of 48 bulk meters and 12,000 consumer meters. 5. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is proposed as part of this report which includes (i) mitigation measures for significant environmental impacts during implementation, (ii) environmental monitoring program, and the responsible entities for mitigation, monitoring, and reporting; (iii) public consultation and information disclosure; and grievance redress mechanism. The EMP will form part of the bidding and contract documents. 6. Detailed design has been prepared and upon approval of the Detailed Project Report (DPR) the bidding process will be initiated. Construction work is likely to start in April/May 2012 and should be completed by the end of 2013. 7. The subproject location is located in the built-up area of Gangtok. Being located in Shivalik Hills of the eastern Himalayan range, Gangtok is a hilly town and flanked on east and west by two streams. Most of the roads are steep, with the buildings built on compacted ground alongside the roads. The subproject locations are generally undulating but are not located in areas prone to water-logging and flash flood. There are no protected areas, wetlands, mangroves, or estuarines in or near the subproject location. There are forest areas within the town however none of the components are located in these areas. Except for one proposed water reservoir,1 none of the subproject components are located in or near any historically, culturally, archaeologically, or architecturally significant or tourists area. 1 The location of one of the proposed service reservoir is adjacent to a monastery. 8. Potential negative impacts were identified in relation to construction and operation of the infrastructure. A number of impacts and their significance have already been reduced by amending the designs. Thus no impacts were identified as being due to the project design or location. Mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. 9. During the construction phase, impacts mainly arise from the need to dispose of moderate quantities of waste soil; and from the disturbance of residents, businesses, and traffic. These are common impacts of construction in urban areas, and there are well developed methods for their mitigation. 10. Once the system is operating, most facilities (service reservoirs and meters) will operate with routine maintenance, which should not affect the environment. The area is isolated and hence direct impact to nearby environment is minimal. The main impacts of the operating water supply system will be beneficial to the citizens of Gangtok. They will be provided with a constant supply of water thus improve the quality of life of the people as well as benefit individual and public health with improvements on hygiene. This will reduce the diseases associated with poor sanitation and will also lead to economic gains as people will be less away from work and indirectly increase their income. 11. There were limited opportunities to provide environmental enhancements, but certain measures were included. For example it is proposed that the project will employ workforce people who live in the vicinity of construction sites to provide them with a short-term economic gain; and ensure that people employed in a longer term to maintain and operate the new facilities are residents of nearby communities. 12. Mitigation will be assured by a program of environmental monitoring conducted during construction and operation to ensure that all measures in the EMP are implemented and to determine whether the environment is protected as intended. These include observations on- and off-site, document checks, and interviews
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