DOCSLIB.ORG

Debating 21St Century Nuclear Issues Owen C.W

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Debating 21St Century Nuclear Issues Owen C.W DEBATING 21ST CENTURY DEBATING 21ST CENTURY N NUCLEAR ISSUES U C LEAR I SSUES PRI C E AN D M A C KBY OWEN C.W. PRICE AND JENIFER MACKBY Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street, NW, Washington, DC 20006 EDITORS Tel: (202)887-0200 Fax: (202) 775-3199 Web: www.csis.org CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES DEBATING 21ST CENTURY NUCLEAR ISSUES OWEN C.W. PRICE AND JENIFER MACKBY EDITORS CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES WASHINGTON, D.C. The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) seeks to advance global security and prosperity in an era of economic and political transformation by providing strategic insights and practical policy solutions to decisionmakers. CSIS serves as a strategic planning partner for the government by conducting research and analysis and developing policy initiatives that look into the future and antici- pate change. Our more than 25 programs are organized around three themes: Defense and Security Policy—With one of the most comprehensive programs on U.S. defense policy and international security, CSIS proposes reforms to U.S. de- fense organization, defense policy, and the defense industrial and technology base. Other CSIS programs offer solutions to the challenges of proliferation, transna- tional terrorism, homeland security, and post-conflict reconstruction. Global Challenges—With programs on demographics and population, energy security, global health, technology, and the international financial and economic system, CSIS addresses the new drivers of risk and opportunity on the world stage. Regional Transformation—CSIS is the only institution of its kind with resident experts studying the transformation of all of the world’s major geographic regions. CSIS specialists seek to anticipate changes in key countries and regions—from Africa to Asia, from Europe to Latin America, and from the Middle East to North America. Founded in 1962 by David M. Abshire and Admiral Arleigh Burke, CSIS is a bipar- tisan, nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with more than 220 full-time staff and a large network of affiliated experts. Former U.S. senator Sam Nunn became chairman of the CSIS Board of Trustees in 1999, and John J. Hamre has led CSIS as its president and chief executive officer since 2000. CSIS does not take specific policy positions; accordingly, all views expressed herein should be understood to be solely those of the authors. © 2007 by Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, D.C. All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89206-499-1 Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006 Tel: (202) 887-0200 Fax: (202) 775-3199 Web: www.csis.org Information on the Project on Nuclear Issues may be found at www.csis.org/isp/ poni CONTENTS List of Abbreviations and Acronyms v Acknowledgments ix Foreword xi Ambassador Linton Brooks and Dr. Michael Wheeler Preface xiv Clark Murdock Introduction xix 1/ NEW AND EMERGING CHALLENGES TO U.S. SECURITY POLICY 1 1. Regional Nuclear Powers and U.S. Policy: A Study in Asymmetries 3 Michael Tkacik 2. Towards a Policy of Nuclear Dissuasion: How Can Dissuasion Improve U.S. National Security? 29 Jonathan Hagood 3. North Korea and Implications for U.S. National Security Policy 45 Dennis Shorts 4. Dealing with the Damage: How to Manage a Nuclear Iran 59 David D. Palkki and Lawrence Rubin 2/ THE STRATEGIES OF OTHER NUCLEAR-WEAPON STATES IN A CHANGING SECURITY ENVIRONMENT 75 5. Russia’s Nuclear Forces and Their Problems 77 Richard Weitz iii 6. Paper Tiger or Waking Dragon? Considering Nuclear Change in China 102 Dakota S. Rudesill 7. Nuclear Deterrence: The French Perspective 117 Bruno Tertrais 8. Renewing Trident: Britain’s Nuclear Politics 139 Nick Ritchie and Michael Sulmeyer 9. U.S.-Russian Missile Defense Cooperation and Nuclear Deterrence 157 Eric A. Miller 3/ ISSUES IN OPERATIONALIZING NUCLEAR STRATEGIES 177 10. Strategic Conventional Trident Modification: Sizing and Structuring the U.S. Stockpile for a “Minimum Counterforce” Capability 179 Owen C.W. Price 11. Nuclear Deterrence and the American Way of War: A New Look for the Post-9/11 Era? 203 Lt. Col. (select) George R. Nagy, USAF 12. Nuclear Command and Control in the Twenty-first Century: Trends, Disparities, and the Impact on Stability 226 Jerome M. Conley 13. Transformation of the Nuclear Weapons Complex: Overcoming the Legacy of a Sprawling Enterprise 251 Lani Miyoshi Sanders 14. The Nuclear Weapons Production Complex and the Reliable Replacement Warhead 266 Francis Slakey and Benn Tannenbaum 4/ Nonproliferation in a NUCLEAR AGE 277 15. Beyond the NPT: The Emerging Nonproliferation Environment 279 Whitney Raas 16. The India Deal and its Implications 298 Mary Beth Nikitin About the Editors and Authors 311 iv ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AAAS American Association for the Advancement of Science ABM Anti-Ballistic Missile [Treaty] ACDA Arms Control and Disarmament Agency AEC Atomic Energy Commission AF&F Arming, Fusing and Firing System AP Additional Protocol APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ARF ASEAN Regional Forum ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASMP Air-Sol Moyenne Portée—a French air- breathing missile BMD Ballistic Missile Defense BWC Biological Weapons Convention C2 Command and Control C³I Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence CCP Chinese Communist Party CD Conference on Disarmament CMC Central Military Committee COAs Courses of Action CONOPS Concept of Operations CONUS Continental United States v CTBT Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty CTM Conventional Trident Modification —a conventional warhead for Trident ballistic missiles DMZ Demilitarized Zone DOD Department of Defense DOE Department of Energy DPRK Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) DTRA Defense Threat Reduction Agency EADS European Aeronautic Defence and Space Co. EMP Electromagnetic Pulse EU European Union FMCT Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty GCC Gulf Cooperation Council GDP Gross Domestic Product HUMINT Human Intelligence IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency ICBM Intercontinental Ballistic Missile ICI Istanbul Cooperation Initiative INF Intermediate Range Nuclear Force IRCG Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corp JDEC Joint Data Exchange Center JSTPS Joint Strategic Planning Staff KPA Korean People’s Army LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory LEP Life Extension Program LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LMJ Laser Mégajoule LOW Launch on Warning MAD Mutually Assured Destruction MD Missile Defense MDA U.S. Missile Defense Agency MIRV Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicle MOD Ministry of Defence NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NCA Nuclear Command Authority vi NDS National Defense Strategy NFU No First Use NNSA National Nuclear Security Administration NPR Nuclear Posture Review NPT Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty NSG Nuclear Supplier’s Group NSS National Security Strategy NWS Nuclear Weapon State OPLANs Operations Plans PAL Permissive Action Link PGS Prompt Global Strike PRPs Personnel Reliability Programs PSI Proliferation Security Initiative QDR Quadrennial Defense Review RNEP Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator ROK Republic of Korea (South Korea) RRW Reliable Replacement Warhead RVSN Russia’s Strategic Missile Forces (Raketniye voiska strategicheskogo naznacheniya) SAC Strategic Air Command SAIC Science Applications International Corporation SDR Strategic Defence Review SFIs Significant Findings SIOP Single Integrated Operational Plan SLBM Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile SMF Strategic Missile Forces SNM Special Nuclear Material SORT Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (Moscow Treaty) SRF Strategic Rocket Forces SSBN Strategic Ballistic Missile Submarine SSP Stockpile Stewardship Program TA-55 Technical Area 55 —a plutonium facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory TMD Theater Missile defense TMD AHWG Theater Missile Defense Ad-Hoc Working Group vii TNA Tête Nucléaire Aéroportée—a French air-launched nuclear warhead TNO Tête nucléaire océanique - a new-generation French nuclear warhead UN United Nations UNSC United Nations Security Council USN United States Navy USNORTHCOM United States Northern Command USSTRATCOM United States Strategic Command WMD Weapons of Mass Destruction viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In Memoriam Leon Sloss (1926–2006) The late Leon Sloss, friend and mentor to PONI since its inception, acted as a senior editor for this book until his death on November 1, 2006. His parting is keenly felt by those whose lives he touched. he editors and authors sincerely thank Dr. Michael Wheeler and Ambassador Linton Brooks for suggesting and encouraging Tthe production of this text within the auspices of the Project on Nuclear Issues (PONI). Strong support was provided by Elaine Bunn, Frank Miller, Frank Moore, Tom Neary, George Quester, Brad Roberts, Paul Taylor, Victor Utgoff, and Christopher Williams, who helped shape the objectives of the book, mentored the authors, and reviewed their work. Roberta Howard, Divina Jocson, and Camille Sawak are thanked for shepherding the text through the publishing process, and Dr. Clark Murdock (director of PONI) is especially commended for giving the edi- tors and authors both the freedom and support necessary for success. ix FOREWORD Linton Brooks and Michael Wheeler n the half century between the end of the Second World War and the collapse of the Soviet empire, nuclear weapons dominated Ameri- Ican national security thinking. The prospect of a nuclear confronta- tion with the Soviet Union influenced American attitudes and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nuclear Deterrence in the Information Age?
    SUMMER 2012 Vol. 6, No. 2 Commentary Our Brick Moon William H. Gerstenmaier Chasing Its Tail: Nuclear Deterrence in the Information Age? Stephen J. Cimbala Fiscal Fetters: The Economic Imperatives of National Security in a Time of Austerity Mark Duckenfield Summer 2012 Summer US Extended Deterrence: How Much Strategic Force Is Too Little? David J. Trachtenberg The Common Sense of Small Nuclear Arsenals James Wood Forsyth Jr. Forging an Indian Partnership Capt Craig H. Neuman II, USAF Chief of Staff, US Air Force Gen Norton A. Schwartz Mission Statement Commander, Air Education and Training Command Strategic Studies Quarterly (SSQ) is the senior United States Air Force– Gen Edward A. Rice Jr. sponsored journal fostering intellectual enrichment for national and Commander and President, Air University international security professionals. SSQ provides a forum for critically Lt Gen David S. Fadok examining, informing, and debating national and international security Director, Air Force Research Institute matters. Contributions to SSQ will explore strategic issues of current and Gen John A. Shaud, PhD, USAF, Retired continuing interest to the US Air Force, the larger defense community, and our international partners. Editorial Staff Col W. Michael Guillot, USAF, Retired, Editor CAPT Jerry L. Gantt, USNR, Retired, Content Editor Disclaimer Nedra O. Looney, Prepress Production Manager Betty R. Littlejohn, Editorial Assistant The views and opinions expressed or implied in the SSQ are those of the Sherry C. Terrell, Editorial Assistant authors and should not be construed as carrying the official sanction of Daniel M. Armstrong, Illustrator the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, Air Education Editorial Advisors and Training Command, Air University, or other agencies or depart- Gen John A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles
    The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles The Chinese Navy Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles Saunders, EDITED BY Yung, Swaine, PhILLIP C. SAUNderS, ChrISToPher YUNG, and Yang MIChAeL Swaine, ANd ANdreW NIeN-dzU YANG CeNTer For The STUdY oF ChINeSe MilitarY AffairS INSTITUTe For NATIoNAL STrATeGIC STUdIeS NatioNAL deFeNSe UNIverSITY COVER 4 SPINE 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY COVER.indd 3 COVER 1 11/29/11 12:35 PM The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY.indb 1 11/29/11 12:37 PM 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY.indb 2 11/29/11 12:37 PM The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles Edited by Phillip C. Saunders, Christopher D. Yung, Michael Swaine, and Andrew Nien-Dzu Yang Published by National Defense University Press for the Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs Institute for National Strategic Studies Washington, D.C. 2011 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY.indb 3 11/29/11 12:37 PM Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Defense or any other agency of the Federal Government. Cleared for public release; distribution unlimited. Chapter 5 was originally published as an article of the same title in Asian Security 5, no. 2 (2009), 144–169. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Used by permission. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Chinese Navy : expanding capabilities, evolving roles / edited by Phillip C. Saunders ... [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index.
    [Show full text]
  • PUTIN's FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD SYRIA Mark N
    PUTIN'S FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD SYRIA Mark N. Katz* This article examines why Russian-Syrian relations were not especially close during the first five years of Putin's presidency and why the relationship suddenly improved at the beginning of 2005. It will also examine how Putin has sought to maintain good relations with Syria and Israel simultaneously, and how various future scenarios might affect Russian-Syrian relations. Despite their many common interests Why did their relationship suddenly (including opposition to American improve at the beginning of 2005? Can Putin "hegemony" in general and to the American- maintain good relations simultaneously with led intervention in neighboring Iraq in Syria and Israel even though hostility particular), Russian-Syrian relations have not between these two countries remains strong? been particularly close during most of the Where do Russian-Syrian relations appear to Putin era. Russian-Israeli relations, by be headed? Each of these questions will be contrast, became very close under both Putin addressed in turn. and Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon. Since Syrian President Bashar Assad met FLOUNDERING AT FIRST with Russian President Vladimir Putin in In July 1999--just a few weeks before Moscow in January 2005, however, Russian- Vladimir Putin became President Boris Syrian relations have improved dramatically. Yeltsin's last prime minister, and just a few Russia has even agreed to sell an advanced months before he became president of Russia air defense missile system to Syria over both himself--Syria's longtime dictator, Hafiz American and Israeli objections. Russian- Assad, paid his last visit to Moscow. Izvestia Syrian cooperation deepened since then noted at the time that Syria still owed despite Damascus's increasing isolation over Moscow as much as $12 billion from Soviet its role in the assassination of Lebanese times and that "Russia virtually froze Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri.
    [Show full text]
  • Assuring South Korea and Japan As the Role and Number of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Are Reduced
    Assuring South Korea and Japan as the Role and Number of U.S. Nuclear Weapons are Reduced Michael H. Keifer, Project Manager Advanced Systems and Concepts Office Defense Threat Reduction Agency Prepared by Kurt Guthe Thomas Scheber National Institute for Public Policy January 2011 The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government. This report is approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Defense Threat Reduction Agency Advanced Systems and Concepts Office Report Number ASCO 2011 003 Contract Number MIPR 10-2621M The mission of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) is to safeguard America and its allies from weapons of mass destruction (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high explosives) by providing capabilities to reduce, eliminate, and counter the threat, and mitigate its effects. The Advanced Systems and Concepts Office (ASCO) supports this mission by providing long-term rolling horizon perspectives to help DTRA leadership identify, plan, and persuasively communicate what is needed in the near term to achieve the longer-term goals inherent in the agency’s mission. ASCO also emphasizes the identification, integration, and further development of leading strategic thinking and analysis on the most intractable problems related to combating weapons of mass destruction. For further information on this project, or on ASCO’s broader research program, please contact: Defense Threat Reduction Agency Advanced Systems and Concepts Office 8725 John J. Kingman Road Ft. Belvoir, VA 22060-6201 [email protected] Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Winter 2020 Full Issue
    Naval War College Review Volume 73 Number 1 Winter 2020 Article 1 2020 Winter 2020 Full Issue The U.S. Naval War College Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation Naval War College, The U.S. (2020) "Winter 2020 Full Issue," Naval War College Review: Vol. 73 : No. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol73/iss1/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Naval War College: Winter 2020 Full Issue Winter 2020 Volume 73, Number 1 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2020 1 Naval War College Review, Vol. 73 [2020], No. 1, Art. 1 Cover Two modified Standard Missile 2 (SM-2) Block IV interceptors are launched from the guided-missile cruiser USS Lake Erie (CG 70) during a Missile Defense Agency (MDA) test to intercept a short-range ballistic-missile target, conducted on the Pacific Missile Range Facility, west of Hawaii, in 2008. The SM-2 forms part of the Aegis ballistic-missile defense (BMD) program. In “A Double-Edged Sword: Ballistic-Missile Defense and U.S. Alli- ances,” Robert C. Watts IV explores the impact of BMD on America’s relationship with NATO, Japan, and South Korea, finding that the forward-deployed BMD capability that the Navy’s Aegis destroyers provide has served as an important cement to these beneficial alliance relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • Jihadists and Nuclear Weapons
    VERSION: Charles P. Blair, “Jihadists and Nuclear Weapons,” in Gary Ackerman and Jeremy Tamsett, eds., Jihadists and Weapons of Mass Destruction: A Growing Threat (New York: Taylor and Francis, 2009), pp. 193-238. c h a p t e r 8 Jihadists and Nuclear Weapons Charles P. Blair CONTENTS Introduction 193 Improvised Nuclear Devices (INDs) 195 Fissile Materials 198 Weapons-Grade Uranium and Plutonium 199 Likely IND Construction 203 External Procurement of Intact Nuclear Weapons 204 State Acquisition of an Intact Nuclear Weapon 204 Nuclear Black Market 212 Incidents of Jihadist Interest in Nuclear Weapons and Weapons-Grade Nuclear Materials 213 Al-Qa‘ida 213 Russia’s Chechen-Led Jihadists 214 Nuclear-Related Threats and Attacks in India and Pakistan 215 Overall Likelihood of Jihadists Obtaining Nuclear Capability 215 Notes 216 Appendix: Toward a Nuclear Weapon: Principles of Nuclear Energy 232 Discovery of Radioactive Materials 232 Divisibility of the Atom 232 Atomic Nucleus 233 Discovery of Neutrons: A Pathway to the Nucleus 233 Fission 234 Chain Reactions 235 Notes 236 INTRODUCTION On December 1, 2001, CIA Director George Tenet made a hastily planned, clandestine trip to Pakistan. Tenet arrived in Islamabad deeply shaken by the news that less than three months earlier—just weeks before the attacks of September 11, 2001—al-Qa‘ida and Taliban leaders had met with two former Pakistani nuclear weapon scientists in a joint quest to acquire nuclear weapons. Captured documents the scientists abandoned as 193 AU6964.indb 193 12/16/08 5:44:39 PM 194 Charles P. Blair they fled Kabul from advancing anti-Taliban forces were evidence, in the minds of top U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of the U.S. Navy's Maritime Strategy
    U.S. Naval War College U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons Newport Papers Special Collections 2004 The Evolution of the U.S. Navy's Maritime Strategy John B. Hattendorf Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/usnwc-newport-papers Recommended Citation Hattendorf, John B., "The Evolution of the U.S. Navy's Maritime Strategy" (2004). Newport Papers. 20. https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/usnwc-newport-papers/20 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Newport Papers by an authorized administrator of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NAVAL WAR COLLEGE NEWPORT PAPERS 19 N A The Evolution of the U.S. Navy’s V AL Maritime Strategy, 1977–1986 W AR COLLEGE NE WPOR T P AP ERS N ES AV T A A L T W S A D R E C T I O N L L U E E G H E T R I VI IBU OR A S CT MARI VI 1 9 John B. Hattendorf, D. Phil. Cover This perspective aerial view of Newport, Rhode Island, drawn and published by Galt & Hoy of New York, circa 1878, is found in the American Memory Online Map Collections: 1500–2003, of the Library of Congress Geography and Map Division, Washington, D.C. The map may be viewed at http://hdl.loc.gov/ loc.gmd/g3774n.pm008790 The Evolution of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Depleted Uranium P 4 We Talk a Lot About the Loyalty of These Daisaku Ikeda P 5 2 Pm Animals, and Their Willingness to Serve Gyosei Handa P 5 Us
    ABOLISHABOLISH WARWAR Newsletter No: 9 Autumn 2007 Price per Issue £1 Remembrance Day - What will you be doing? Whether you wear red poppies, white poppies or both, whether you take part in a Remembrance service or The MAW AGM not, or you organise an event to question the fact of war, the day we Saturday 10th November remember those who have died in 11 am - 3 pm war is the day when MAW’s message should be loud and clear - war must Wesley’s Chapel 49 City Road end if we are not to add yet more London EC1Y 1AU names to our memorials. (nearest tube station Old Street) Animals in War Among the innocents we should Speaker: Craig Murray remember in November are the Craig is well known as the UK Ambassador to Uzbekistan who highlighted the human rights abuses he found there, millions of animals that took part in embarrassing the proponents of the ‘War on Terror’ with the and died for our political failures. result he is no longer in the Diplomatic Corps. He is a In 2004 a new monument appeared in fascinating, informative and funny speaker, with a wealth of London - the Animals in War experience to draw on. “Craig Murray has been a deep Memorial, inspired by Jilly Cooper’s embarrassment to the entire Foreign Office.” Jack Straw book of the same name. It ‘honours The AGM is open to all and is free. If you can get to the millions of conscripted animals London, then get to the AGM. And bring your friends.
    [Show full text]
  • Between Russia and Iran: Room to Pursue American Interests in Syria by John W
    STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 27 Between Russia and Iran: Room to Pursue American Interests in Syria by John W. Parker Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, and Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the unified combatant commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: In the Gothic Hall of the Presidential Palace in Helsinki, Finland, President Donald Trump met with President Vladimir Putin on July 16, 2018, to start the U.S.-Russia summit. (President of Russia Web site/Kremlin.ru) Between Russia and Iran Between Russia and Iran: Room to Pursue American Interests in Syria By John W. Parker Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 27 Series Editor: Thomas F. Lynch III National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. January 2019 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of the University of California's
    REVIEW OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA’S MANAGEMENT CONTRACT FOR LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MAY 1, 2003 Serial No. 108–14 Printed for the use of the Committee on Energy and Commerce ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/house VerDate 11-MAY-2000 08:33 Jul 25, 2003 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 6011 87736.TXT HCOM1 PsN: HCOM1 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 08:33 Jul 25, 2003 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 6011 87736.TXT HCOM1 PsN: HCOM1 REVIEW OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA’S MANAGEMENT CONTRACT FOR LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY VerDate 11-MAY-2000 08:33 Jul 25, 2003 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 87736.TXT HCOM1 PsN: HCOM1 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 08:33 Jul 25, 2003 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 87736.TXT HCOM1 PsN: HCOM1 REVIEW OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA’S MANAGEMENT CONTRACT FOR LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MAY 1, 2003 Serial No. 108–14 Printed for the use of the Committee on Energy and Commerce ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/house U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 87–736PDF WASHINGTON : 2003 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities—Background and Issues for Congress
    China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities—Background and Issues for Congress Ronald O'Rourke Specialist in Naval Affairs December 23, 2010 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33153 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress China Naval Modernization Summary The question of how the United States should respond to China’s military modernization effort, including its naval modernization effort, has emerged as a key issue in U.S. defense planning. Admiral Michael Mullen, the Chairman of the Joints Chiefs of Staff, stated in June 2010 that “I have moved from being curious to being genuinely concerned” about China’s military programs. The question of how the United States should respond to China’s military modernization effort is of particular importance to the U.S. Navy, because many U.S. military programs for countering improved Chinese military forces would fall within the Navy’s budget. Decisions that Congress and the executive branch make regarding U.S. Navy programs for countering improved Chinese maritime military capabilities could affect the likelihood or possible outcome of a potential U.S.-Chinese military conflict in the Pacific over Taiwan or some other issue. Some observers consider such a conflict to be very unlikely, in part because of significant U.S.-Chinese economic linkages and the tremendous damage that such a conflict could cause on both sides. In the absence of such a conflict, however, the U.S.-Chinese military balance in the Pacific could nevertheless influence day-to-day choices made by other Pacific countries, including choices on whether to align their policies more closely with China or the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia 2020 Human Rights Report
    RUSSIA 2020 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Russian Federation has a highly centralized, authoritarian political system dominated by President Vladimir Putin. The bicameral Federal Assembly consists of a directly elected lower house (State Duma) and an appointed upper house (Federation Council), both of which lack independence from the executive. The 2016 State Duma elections and the 2018 presidential election were marked by accusations of government interference and manipulation of the electoral process, including the exclusion of meaningful opposition candidates. On July 1, a national vote held on constitutional amendments did not meet internationally recognized electoral standards. The Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Security Service, the Investigative Committee, the Office of the Prosecutor General, and the National Guard are responsible for law enforcement. The Federal Security Service is responsible for state security, counterintelligence, and counterterrorism, as well as for fighting organized crime and corruption. The national police force, under the Ministry of Internal Affairs, is responsible for combating all crime. The National Guard assists the Federal Security Service’s Border Guard Service in securing borders, administers gun control, combats terrorism and organized crime, protects public order, and guards important state facilities. The National Guard also participates in armed defense of the country’s territory in coordination with Ministry of Defense forces. Except in rare cases, security forces generally report to civilian authorities. National-level civilian authorities have, at best, limited control over security forces in the Republic of Chechnya, which are accountable only to the head of Chechnya, Ramzan Kadyrov. Members of the Russian security forces committed numerous human rights abuses.
    [Show full text]