NASA Satellite Sees Typhoon Noru in Infrared Light 31 July 2017

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

NASA Satellite Sees Typhoon Noru in Infrared Light 31 July 2017 NASA satellite sees Typhoon Noru in infrared light 31 July 2017 To Island, Japan. Maximum sustained winds were near 143.8 mph (125 knots/231 kph). Noru was moving to the west at 6.9 mph (6 knots/11.1 kph). The Joint Typhoon Warning Center forecasts Noru to move slowly to the northwest over the next several days and move toward Kyushu, Japan. Noru is expected to near Kyushu around August 5. Kyushu is the third biggest island of Japan and located farthest southwest of Japan's four main islands. Provided by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite captured this infrared image of Typhoon Noru on July 30, 2017, at 11:50 a.m. EDT (1550 UTC) in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Credit: University of Wisconsin- Madison/CIMSS/William Straka III NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite captured an infrared image of Typhoon Noru that showed the structure and cloud top temperatures of the powerful thunderstorms circling its eye. On July 27, 2017 at 12:24 a.m. EDT (0424 UTC) the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument aboard NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite provided an infrared image of Typhoon Noru. The VIIRS image revealed very cold cloud top temperatures as cold as 190 Kelvin (minus 83.1 degrees Celsius/minus 117.7 degrees Fahrenheit) in thunderstorms circling the eye. Thunderstorms with cloud tops that high in the troposphere have been shown to generate heavy rain. At 11 a.m. EDT (1500 UTC) on July 30, the center of Typhoon Noru was located near 23.0 degrees north latitude and 139.3 degrees east longitude. That's about 158 nautical miles southwest of Iwo 1 / 2 APA citation: NASA satellite sees Typhoon Noru in infrared light (2017, July 31) retrieved 27 September 2021 from https://phys.org/news/2017-07-nasa-satellite-typhoon-noru-infrared.html This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only. 2 / 2 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org).
Recommended publications
  • 4. the TROPICS—HJ Diamond and CJ Schreck, Eds
    4. THE TROPICS—H. J. Diamond and C. J. Schreck, Eds. Pacific, South Indian, and Australian basins were a. Overview—H. J. Diamond and C. J. Schreck all particularly quiet, each having about half their The Tropics in 2017 were dominated by neutral median ACE. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) condi- Three tropical cyclones (TCs) reached the Saffir– tions during most of the year, with the onset of Simpson scale category 5 intensity level—two in the La Niña conditions occurring during boreal autumn. North Atlantic and one in the western North Pacific Although the year began ENSO-neutral, it initially basins. This number was less than half of the eight featured cooler-than-average sea surface tempera- category 5 storms recorded in 2015 (Diamond and tures (SSTs) in the central and east-central equatorial Schreck 2016), and was one fewer than the four re- Pacific, along with lingering La Niña impacts in the corded in 2016 (Diamond and Schreck 2017). atmospheric circulation. These conditions followed The editors of this chapter would like to insert two the abrupt end of a weak and short-lived La Niña personal notes recognizing the passing of two giants during 2016, which lasted from the July–September in the field of tropical meteorology. season until late December. Charles J. Neumann passed away on 14 November Equatorial Pacific SST anomalies warmed con- 2017, at the age of 92. Upon graduation from MIT siderably during the first several months of 2017 in 1946, Charlie volunteered as a weather officer in and by late boreal spring and early summer, the the Navy’s first airborne typhoon reconnaissance anomalies were just shy of reaching El Niño thresh- unit in the Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • NASA Sees Typhoon Noru Raging Near the Minami Tori Shima Atoll 24 July 2017
    NASA sees Typhoon Noru raging near the Minami Tori Shima Atoll 24 July 2017 north latitude and 154.9 degrees east longitude. That's about 128 nautical miles north of Minami Tori Shima. It was moving to the east-southeast at 13.8 mph (12 knots/22.2 kph). Noru is located to the southwest of Tropical Storm Koru, which is a much smaller and weaker storm. Noru is moving in a cyclonic loop and is forecast to turn back toward the west by July 26. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center's forecast calls for the storm to approach the island of Iwo To, Japan around July 29. Provided by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center On July 24 at 0342 UTC (July 23 at 11:42 p.m. EDT) NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite captured a visible image of Typhoon Noru in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Credit: NASA/NOAA NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite captured an image of Typhoon Noru raging near the unpopulated atoll of Minami Tori Shima in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Minami-Tori-shima or Marcus Island is an isolated Japanese coral atoll about 1,150 miles (1,850 kilometers) southeast of Tokyo. On July 24 at 0342 UTC (July 23 at 11:42 p.m. EDT), the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument aboard NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite provided a visible-light image of Typhoon Noru. The VIIRS image showed a cloud-covered eye surrounded by a thick band of powerful thunderstorms and a thick band wrapping into the center from the southeastern quadrant.
    [Show full text]
  • NASA's Aqua Satellite Tracking Typhoon Noru in Northwestern Pacific 28 July 2017
    NASA's Aqua satellite tracking Typhoon Noru in northwestern Pacific 28 July 2017 was moving toward the northwest near 9 knots (10.3 mph/16.6 kph). The JTWC noted that the intensity is forecast "to remain steady for the next 24 hours as dry air and moderate vertical wind shear are offset by higher sea surface temperatures and the development of an equatorward outflow channel. Beyond one day, Noru is forecast to intensify as it tracks over increasingly warm sea surface temperatures and a point source develops over top of the system." In addition to Noru, there's another typhoon in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean that lies to the west of Noru. Typhoon Nesat is headed for a landfall in On July 27 NASA's Aqua satellite captured a visible Taiwan on July 29. image of Typhoon Noru in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Credit: NASA Goddard MODIS Rapid Response Despite Noru's distance from Taiwan, the Taiwan Team Central Weather Bureau is also tracking the storm. For updated forecasts, visit: http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V7e/. NASA's Aqua satellite passed over Typhoon Noru in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean as the storm Provided by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center continued moving toward the southwest and remaining far from the big island of Japan. On July 27 at 1:30 p.m. local time the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer or MODIS instrument aboard NASA's Aqua satellite captured a visible image of the storm that showed some powerful thunderstorms surrounding the center of circulation. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) noted on July 28, "animated multispectral satellite imagery depicts a struggling system with limited convection." On July 28 at 5 a.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Objective Estimation of Tropical Cyclone Intensity from Active and Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Observations in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean
    remote sensing Article Objective Estimation of Tropical Cyclone Intensity from Active and Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Observations in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean Kunsheng Xiang 1,2,3, Xiaofeng Yang 1,3,* , Miao Zhang 4, Ziwei Li 1 and Fanping Kong 1,2 1 State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; [email protected] (K.X.); [email protected] (Z.L.); [email protected] (F.K.) 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 The Hainan Key Laboratory of Earth Observation, Sanya 572029, China 4 Key Lab of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, China Meteorological Administration (LRCVES/CMA) and National Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-010-64806215 Received: 18 February 2019; Accepted: 11 March 2019; Published: 14 March 2019 Abstract: A method of estimating tropical cyclone (TC) intensity based on Haiyang-2A (HY-2A) scatterometer, and Special Sensor Microwave Imager and Sounder (SSMIS) observations over the northwestern Pacific Ocean is presented in this paper. Totally, 119 TCs from the 2012 to 2017 typhoon seasons were selected, based on satellite-observed data and China Meteorological Administration (CMA) TC best track data. We investigated the relationship among the TC maximum-sustained wind (MSW), the microwave brightness temperature (TB), and the sea surface wind speed (SSW). Then, a TC intensity estimation model was developed, based on a multivariate linear regression using the training data of 96 TCs. Finally, the proposed method was validated using testing data from 23 other TCs, and its root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and bias were 5.94 m/s, 4.62 m/s, and −0.43 m/s, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Capital Adequacy (E) Task Force RBC Proposal Form
    Capital Adequacy (E) Task Force RBC Proposal Form [ ] Capital Adequacy (E) Task Force [ x ] Health RBC (E) Working Group [ ] Life RBC (E) Working Group [ ] Catastrophe Risk (E) Subgroup [ ] Investment RBC (E) Working Group [ ] SMI RBC (E) Subgroup [ ] C3 Phase II/ AG43 (E/A) Subgroup [ ] P/C RBC (E) Working Group [ ] Stress Testing (E) Subgroup DATE: 08/31/2020 FOR NAIC USE ONLY CONTACT PERSON: Crystal Brown Agenda Item # 2020-07-H TELEPHONE: 816-783-8146 Year 2021 EMAIL ADDRESS: [email protected] DISPOSITION [ x ] ADOPTED WG 10/29/20 & TF 11/19/20 ON BEHALF OF: Health RBC (E) Working Group [ ] REJECTED NAME: Steve Drutz [ ] DEFERRED TO TITLE: Chief Financial Analyst/Chair [ ] REFERRED TO OTHER NAIC GROUP AFFILIATION: WA Office of Insurance Commissioner [ ] EXPOSED ________________ ADDRESS: 5000 Capitol Blvd SE [ ] OTHER (SPECIFY) Tumwater, WA 98501 IDENTIFICATION OF SOURCE AND FORM(S)/INSTRUCTIONS TO BE CHANGED [ x ] Health RBC Blanks [ x ] Health RBC Instructions [ ] Other ___________________ [ ] Life and Fraternal RBC Blanks [ ] Life and Fraternal RBC Instructions [ ] Property/Casualty RBC Blanks [ ] Property/Casualty RBC Instructions DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE(S) Split the Bonds and Misc. Fixed Income Assets into separate pages (Page XR007 and XR008). REASON OR JUSTIFICATION FOR CHANGE ** Currently the Bonds and Misc. Fixed Income Assets are included on page XR007 of the Health RBC formula. With the implementation of the 20 bond designations and the electronic only tables, the Bonds and Misc. Fixed Income Assets were split between two tabs in the excel file for use of the electronic only tables and ease of printing. However, for increased transparency and system requirements, it is suggested that these pages be split into separate page numbers beginning with year-2021.
    [Show full text]
  • Earth Observations for Environmental Sustainability for the Next Decade
    remote sensing Editorial Preface: Earth Observations for Environmental Sustainability for the Next Decade Yuei-An Liou 1,2,* , Yuriy Kuleshov 3,4, Chung-Ru Ho 5 , Kim-Anh Nguyen 1,6 and Steven C. Reising 7 1 Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan; [email protected] 2 Taiwan Group on Earth Observations, Hsinchu 32001, Taiwan 3 Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 700 Collins Street, Docklands, Melbourne, VIC 3008, Australia; [email protected] 4 SPACE Research Centre, School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia 5 Department of Marine Environmental Informatics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 32001, Taiwan; [email protected] 6 Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam 7 Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, 1373 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1373, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-3-4227151 (ext. 57631); Fax: +886-3-4254908 Evidence of the rapid degradation of the Earth’s natural environment has grown in recent years. Sustaining our planet has become the greatest concern faced by humanity. Of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Earth observations have been identified as major contributors to nine of them: 2 (Zero Hunger), 3 (Good Health and Well-Being), 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), Citation: Liou, Y.-A.; Kuleshov, Y.; 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), 12 (Sustainable Ho, C.-R.; Nguyen, K.-A.; Reising, Consumption and Production), 13 (Climate Action), 14 (Life Below Water), and 15 (Life on S.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Catastrophe Recap
    Aon Benfield Analytics | Impact Forecasting Global Catastrophe Recap December 2017 Risk. Reinsurance. Human Resources. Aon Benfield Analytics | Impact Forecasting Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 United States 4 Remainder of North America 4 South America 4 Europe 5 Middle East 5 Africa 5 Asia 6 Oceania 6 Appendix 7 Contact Information 17 Global Catastrophe Recap: December 2017 2 Aon Benfield Analytics | Impact Forecasting Executive Summary . Destructive wildfires in Southern California generate billion-dollar economic and insured losses . Cyclone Ockhi triggers extensive flooding in Sri Lanka and India . Two consecutive tropical cyclones, Kai-tak and Tembin, caused 440 fatalities in Philippines Southern California endured a destructive wildfire outbreak, which engulfed portions of Ventura and Los Angeles counties during the month of December. The most significant was the Thomas Fire, which was noted to have destroyed more than 1,063 homes and was declared the largest wildfire in California’s modern history. Billion-dollar economic and insured losses were confirmed by the authorities as a result. Cyclone Ockhi impacted Sri Lanka and portions of India in early December. Heavy rainfall, associated with the cyclone, triggered extensive flooding and landslides. Tens of thousands of homes were damaged or destroyed, while hundreds of people were killed. Unofficial reports indicated that hundreds of others may have been killed or missing, particularly in southern India. Economic losses were expected to reach well into the 100s of millions (USD) though unconfirmed reports indicated the losses could reach into the billions (USD). Two consecutive tropical cyclones impacted the Philippines between December 16 and 26. Kai-tak, locally also known as “Urduja”, made landfall in Eastern Samar province where it left more than 34,000 homes damaged or destroyed and at least 91 people dead.
    [Show full text]
  • 二零一七熱帶氣旋tropical Cyclones in 2017
    => TALIM TRACKS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES IN 2017 <SEP (), ! " Daily Positions at 00 UTC(08 HKT), :; SANVU the number in the symbol represents <SEP the date of the month *+ Intermediate 6-hourly Positions ,')% Super Typhoon NORU ')% *+ Severe Typhoon JUL ]^ BANYAN LAN AUG )% Typhoon OCT '(%& Severe Tropical Storm NALGAE AUG %& Tropical Storm NANMADOL JUL #$ Tropical Depression Z SAOLA( 1722) OCT KULAP JUL HAITANG JUL NORU( 1705) JUL NESAT JUL MERBOK Hong Kong / JUN PAKHAR @Q NALGAE(1711) ,- AUG ? GUCHOL AUG KULAP( 1706) HATO ROKE MAWAR <SEP JUL AUG JUL <SEP T.D. <SEP @Q GUCHOL( 1717) <SEP T.D. ,- MUIFA TALAS \ OCT ? HATO( 1713) APR JUL HAITANG( 1710) :; KHANUN MAWAR( 1716) AUG a JUL ROKE( 1707) SANVU( 1715) XZ[ OCT HAIKUI AUG JUL NANMADOL AUG NOV (1703) DOKSURI JUL <SEP T.D. *+ <SEP BANYAN( 1712) TALAS(1704) \ SONCA( 1708) JUL KHANUN( 1720) AUG SONCA JUL MERBOK (1702) => OCT JUL JUN TALIM( 1718) / <SEP T.D. PAKHAR( 1714) OCT XZ[ AUG NESAT( 1709) T.D. DOKSURI( 1719) a JUL APR <SEP _` HAIKUI( 1724) DAMREY NOV NOV de bc KAI-( TAK 1726) MUIFA (1701) KIROGI DEC APR NOV _` DAMREY( 1723) OCT T.D. APR bc T.D. KIROGI( 1725) T.D. T.D. JAN , ]^ NOV Z , NOV JAN TEMBIN( 1727) LAN( 1721) TEMBIN SAOLA( 1722) DEC OCT DEC OCT T.D. OCT de KAI- TAK DEC 更新記錄 Update Record 更新日期: 二零二零年一月 Revision Date: January 2020 頁 3 目錄 更新 頁 189 表 4.10: 二零一七年熱帶氣旋在香港所造成的損失 更新 頁 217 附件一: 超強颱風天鴿(1713)引致香港直接經濟損失的 新增 估算 Page 4 CONTENTS Update Page 189 TABLE 4.10: DAMAGE CAUSED BY TROPICAL CYCLONES IN Update HONG KONG IN 2017 Page 219 Annex 1: Estimated Direct Economic Losses in Hong Kong Add caused by Super Typhoon Hato (1713) 二零一 七 年 熱帶氣旋 TROPICAL CYCLONES IN 2017 2 二零一九年二月出版 Published February 2019 香港天文台編製 香港九龍彌敦道134A Prepared by: Hong Kong Observatory 134A Nathan Road Kowloon, Hong Kong © 版權所有。未經香港天文台台長同意,不得翻印本刊物任何部分內容。 ©Copyright reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Factors to Influence the Intensification and Structural Changes of Typhoon Noru (1705) Indicated by Satellite Data Analysis
    AAS03-11 Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2018 Environmental factors to influence the intensification and structural changes of Typhoon Noru (1705) indicated by satellite data analysis *Ryo OYAMA1 1. Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency Typhoon Noru (1705) was a tropical cyclone (TC) which became a Tropical Storm (TS) near Minamitorishima at 1200 UTC on 20 July 2017, and was drifting counterclockwise over the western North Pacific Ocean. This TC finally made a landfall on the western part of Japan and became the typhoon which maintained the second longest in the list of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). This TC developed first during 0600 UTC 22 July 2017 - 1200 UTC 23 July 2017, then the cloud system size analyzed by using Himawari-8 infrared band drastically contracted while the radius of 30 kt winds did not change very much. Then, it rapidly developed with a gradual expansion of the cloud system size. This study investigated these interesting changes in Noru’s structure related to TC intensification/weakening by analyses using Himawari-8 and other satellite data, focusing on the atmospheric and oceanic environments. The investigations revealed several noticeable aspects regarding Noru’s structural changes. First, several successive deep convections, i.e., convective bursts, were detected during the TC intensification phases as the rapid descents in the inner-core cloud top temperature by Himawari-8. Remarkably, the descent of the cloud top temperature occurring just before the rapid intensification phase, from 1800 UTC 29 July 2017 to 0000 UTC 31 July 2017, was the largest, and the height of warm core peak elevated.
    [Show full text]
  • THIRD ASSESSMENT REPORT on IMPACTS of CLIMATE CHANGE on TROPICAL CYCLONES in the ESCAP/WMO TYPHOON COMMITTEE REGION Typhoon Committee DECEMBER 2019
    THIRD ASSESSMENT REPORT ON IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON TROPICAL CYCLONES IN THE ESCAP/WMO TYPHOON COMMITTEE REGION Typhoon Committee DECEMBER 2019 TC/TD-No. 0018 COVER PHOTO: TYPHOON NORU FROM SPACE NASA astronaut Randy Bresnik photographed Super Typhoon Noru in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean on August 1, 2017, as the International Space Station passed overhead. NASA THIRD ASSESSMENT REPORT ON IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON TROPICAL CYCLONES IN THE TYPHOON COMMITTEE REGION ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee Authors (Names in alphabetical order of Surname): Eun Jeong CHA, National Typhoon Center, KMA, Jeju, Republic of Korea Thomas R. KNUTSON, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A Tsz-Cheung LEE, Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China Toshiyuki NAKAEGAWA , Meteorological Research Institute/Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Japan Ming YING, Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai, China NOTE The designations employed in ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee (TC) publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion and whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of TC, ESCAP or WMO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Opinions expressed in TC publications are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of their agencies, their governments, TC, ESCAP or WMO. The mention of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by TC, ESCAP or WMO in preference to others of a similar nature which are not mentioned or advertised.
    [Show full text]
  • N KOREAN GROUP Demands US Be Turned to 'Ashes and Darkness'
    International FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 2017 World’s oldest panda dies aged 37 in China SHANGHAI: The world’s oldest captive giant panda has died at age 37 — more than 100 years in human years - her handlers in China said yesterday as they gave “Basi” an emotional send-off befitting a minor celebrity. Basi outlived most of her peers by nearly two decades-Pandas in the wild have an average lifespan of about 20 years, but those in captivity generally live longer. She was something of a beloved star in China and her birth- days were often celebrated with gusto. State television reported live yesterday from the zoo where Basi lived in southeastern China, which held a memorial in her honor. “With a heavy heart, we solemnly announce today that the original model of ‘Panpan’, the mascot for the first Asian Games (in China, 1990), and an angel of friendship both at home and abroad, giant panda star Basi died at 8:50am on September 13, 2017 at the age of 37,” the Straits Giant Panda Research and Exchange Center in Fuzhou said. Basi had lived at the facility since being rescued from the wild after she fell into a river in southwestern China at the age of four or five, it said. She was named after the valley where she was found. Basi spent some time abroad when she was loaned to the San Diego Zoo for six months in 1987. Giant pandas have a notoriously low reproductive rate, a key contributor-along with habitat loss-to their status as vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List of threatened species.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Monitoring Report 2017
    CLIMATE CHANGE MONITORING REPORT 2017 October 2018 Published by the Japan Meteorological Agency 1-3-4 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8122, Japan Telephone +81 3 3211 4966 Facsimile +81 3 3211 2032 E-mail [email protected] CLIMATE CHANGE MONITORING REPORT 2017 October 2018 JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY Cover: pH distribution in 2016 in oceans globally (p11: Figure IV.2) Preface The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) has published annual assessments under the title of Climate Change Monitoring Report since 1996 to highlight the outcomes of its activities (including monitoring and analysis of atmospheric, oceanic and global environmental conditions) and provide up-to-date information on climate change in Japan and around the world. Extreme meteorological phenomena on a scale large enough to affect socio-economic activity have recently occurred worldwide. In 2017, the annual global average surface temperature was the third-highest since 1891 and extremely high temperatures were observed on a global scale. Heavy rains and tropical cyclones also caused widespread damage in southern China, the southeastern USA, Latin America and elsewhere. Japan’s northern Kyushu region sustained major damage as a result of heavy rainfall in July, and monthly mean temperatures in August and September at Okinawa/Amani were the highest on record. Significant meandering of the Kuroshio current was also observed for the first time in 12 years, and Japan’s Tokai region was severely damaged by high waves and storm surges associated with the intense Typhoon Lan, which made landfall on Shizuoka Prefecture in October. This report provides details of such events in Japan.
    [Show full text]