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Breve Historia De La Orden Del Temple Jose Luis Corral Breve Historia de la Orden del Temple José Luis Corral Consulte nuestra página web: www.edhasa.com En ella encontrará el catálogo completo de Edhasa comentado. Diseño de la cubierta: Edhasa basado en una idea original de Jordi Sábat Primera edición: noviembre de 2006 Primera reimpresión: enero de 2007 Avda. Diagonal, 519-521 08029 Barcelona Tel. 93 494 97 20 España E-mail: [email protected] ©José Luis Corral, 2006 © de la presente edición: Edhasa, 2006 Avda. Córdoba 744, 2° piso C C1054AAT Capital Federal Tel. (11) 43 933 432 Argentina E-mail: [email protected] www.edhasa.com Quedan rigurosamente prohibidas, sin la autorización escrita de los titulares del Copyright, bajo las san- ciones establecidas en las leyes, la reproducción parcial o total de esta obra por cualquier medio o proce- dimiento, comprendidos la reprografia y el tratamiento informático, y la distribución de ejemplares de ella mediante alquiler o préstamo público. 1SBN: 978-84-350-2684-0 Impreso en Hurope, S.L. Depósito legal: B-1.188-2007 Impreso en España 2 Capítulo 1 Introducción..................................................................................................5 Capítulo 2 En el origen de las Cruzadas (1095-1119).......................................................7 2.1. El despertar de Europa ................................................................................................................................. 7 2.2. La idea de Cruzada ....................................................................................................................................... 9 2.3. Los antecedentes ......................................................................................................................................... 10 2.4. La Primera Cruzada (1096-1099)............................................................................................................. 12 Capítulo 3......................................................................................................................18 Origen y fundación de la Orden del Temple (1120-1136)...............................................18 3.1. Hugo de Payns, el fundador...................................................................................................................... 18 3.2. Un lugar en Jerusalén ................................................................................................................................. 19 3.3. El viaje a Europa ......................................................................................................................................... 23 3.4. El triunfo del Temple ................................................................................................................................. 28 Capítulo 4 Consolidación y crisis del Temple (1137-1187).............................................32 4.1. El tiempo de las grandes donaciones ....................................................................................................... 32 4.2. La Segunda Cruzada (1147-1149)............................................................................................................ 34 4.3. Tiempos de guerra....................................................................................................................................... 35 4.4. La pérdida de Jerusalén.............................................................................................................................. 39 Capítulo 5. Un reino sin Jerusalén (1188-1244).............................................................43 5.1. La Tercera Cruzada (1188-1192) ............................................................................................................. 43 5.2. La Cuarta Cruzada (1199-1204) ............................................................................................................... 48 5.3. La Quinta Cruzada (1217-1221) y la Sexta Cruzada (1227-1229)..................................................... 51 Capítulo 6 El final de la presencia templaría en Tierra Santa .......................................55 6.1. La Séptima Cruzada (1248-1254) ............................................................................................................ 55 6.2. La Octava Cruzada (1270)......................................................................................................................... 59 6.3. El final del Temple en Tierra Santa ......................................................................................................... 62 Capítulo 7 Caída y supresión del Temple (1292-1314)...................................................66 7.1. El último esfuerzo ....................................................................................................................................... 66 7.2. El inicio del fin ............................................................................................................................................ 68 7.3. El proceso..................................................................................................................................................... 72 7.4. La ejecución................................................................................................................................................. 77 Capítulo 8 La regla y la organización de la Orden.........................................................81 8.1. Precedentes, modelos y desarrollo de la regla........................................................................................ 81 8.2. El ingreso en la Orden del Temple ........................................................................................................... 84 8.3. Las normas de comportamiento y los castigos....................................................................................... 87 8.4. Estructura territorial, gobierno, cargos y categorías de la Orden........................................................ 89 8.4.1. Estructura y gobierno.......................................................................................................................... 89 8.4.2. Los cargos de la Orden ....................................................................................................................... 91 8.4.3. Las categorías de los templarios........................................................................................................ 94 8.4.4. La elección del maestre ...................................................................................................................... 96 Capítulo 9 La economía y las finanzas del Temple ........................................................98 9.1. La construcción del patrimonio ................................................................................................................ 98 9.2. Las riquezas del Temple ............................................................................................................................ 99 Capítulo 10 La vida cotidiana de los templarios: la paz y la guerra.............................104 10.1. Un día en la vida de un templario ........................................................................................................104 10.2. Los vestidos y el ajuar............................................................................................................................107 10.3. Las comidas .............................................................................................................................................108 10.4. Caballeros para la guerra .......................................................................................................................109 Capítulo 11 Mitos y leyendas sobre los templarios.......................................................113 11.1. Las sociedades secretas y la masonería...............................................................................................113 11.2. Los símbolos............................................................................................................................................114 3 11.2.1. El baussant o estandarte.................................................................................................................115 11.2.2. La cruz...............................................................................................................................................116 11.2.3. El sello ...............................................................................................................................................116 11.2.4. El bafomet.........................................................................................................................................117 11.3. La maldición y los ritos satánicos........................................................................................................118 11.4. El tesoro....................................................................................................................................................119 11.5. Los templarios en América ...................................................................................................................121 11.6. Las reliquias .............................................................................................................................................121 11.6.1. El Arca de la Alianza ......................................................................................................................122 11.6.2.
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