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Women in Science Fact Sheet No. 51 June 2018 FS/2018/SCI/51 Women in Science The UNESCO Institute This fact sheet presents the latest UIS data on research and experimental for Statistics (UIS) is the development (R&D) available as of June 2018. statistical office of UNESCO and is the UN The gender gap in science depository for global Overall, women account for a minority of the world’s researchers. Despite the statistics in the fields of education, science and growing demand for cross-nationally-comparable statistics on women in science, technology, culture and national data and their use in policymaking often remain limited. This fact sheet communication. presents global and regional profiles, pinpointing where women thrive in this sector and where they are under-represented. http://uis.unesco.org Researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new @UNESCOstat knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods (Frascati Manual, 2015). The global map (see Figure 1) depicts the share of women in the total number of researchers by country. Figure 1. The gender gap in science Women as a share of total researchers, 2016 or latest year available Notes: Data in this map are based on headcounts (HC), except for Congo, India and Israel which are based on full-time equivalents (FTE). Data for China are based on total R&D personnel instead of researchers. Data for Brazil are based on estimations. Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, June 2018. 2 UIS Fact Sheet No. 51 | June 2018 The vast majority of data are presented in headcounts (HC), which are the total number of persons employed in R&D. This includes staff employed both full-time and part-time. The regional averages for the share of female researchers (based on available data only) for 2015 are: 28.8% for World 39.8% for Arab States 39.5% for Central and Eastern Europe 48.1% for Central Asia 23.4% for East Asia and the Pacific 45.4% for Latin America and the Caribbean 32.3% for North America and Western Europe 18.5% for South and West Asia 31.3% for Sub-Saharan Africa Figures 2, 3 and 4 illustrate women researchers as a percentage of the total number. Based on headcount data, these figures include part-time and full-time researchers. Figure 2. A breakdown of female researchers in the Americas Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC), 2016 or latest year available 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 62.7% 61.6% 53.6% 53.2% 52.6% 51.8% 20% 49.9% 48.2% 48.0% 44.3% 42.5% 41.1% 41.1% 40.4% 38.4% 33.3% 33.1% 33.0% 32.4% 10% 31.9% 0% CUBA CHILE PERU-1 BOLIVIA-6 MEXICO-3 URUGUAY PANAMA-3 BERMUDA-1 ECUADOR-2 TOBAGO-1 COLOMBIA-1 PARAGUAY-1 HONDURAS-1 ARGENTINA-1 VENEZUELA-1 COSTA RICA-2 COSTA GUATEMALA-1 TRINIDAD AND TRINIDAD NICARAGUA-14 SAINT LUCIA-17 SAINT EL SALVADOR-1 EL Notes: -1= 2015, -2 = 2014, -3 = 2013, -6 = 2010, -14 = 2002, -17 = 1999. Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, June 2018. 100% 90% 80% 70% Source: Note Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers 3.Figure 3 60% s : UN - 50% 1=2015, ESCO Institute for Statistics, June A brea 40% - 30% 2008.= 8 kdown of female 51.0% 50.8% 50.7% 49.1% 48.9% 48.4% 47.9% 47.6% 47.2% 47.1% 20% 46.2% 45.0% 44.3% 44.1% 43.9% 42.2% 40.0% 40.0% 39.6% 38.6% UIS Fact Sheet No. 38.0% 37.9% 37.4% 37.3% 37.0% 36.5% 36.0% 35.9% 34.1% 33.7% 33.5% 32.5% 32.3% 30.8% 29.5% 28.9% 28.5% 28.0% 27.0% 10% 26.9% 25.4% 0% ITALY-1 SERBIA SPAIN-1 MALTA-1 ICELAND LATVIA-1 UKRAINE BELARUS TURKEY-1 FRANCE-1 POLAND-1 CYPRUS-1 GREECE-1 ALBANIA-8 FINLAND-1 IRELAND-1 AUSTRIA-1 ESTONIA-1 CZECHIA-1 SWEDEN-1 CROATIA-1 NORWAY-1 BELGIUM-1 ROMANIA-1 SLOVAKIA-1 SLOVENIA-1 DENMARK-1 HUNGARY-1 GERMANY-1 BULGARIA-1 LITHUANIA-1 PORTUGAL-1 201 researchers in E researchers LUXEMBOURG-1 SWITZERLAND-1 MONTENEGRO-1 5 NETHERLANDS-1 TFYR MACEDONIA TFYR 1 8 UNITED KINGDOM-1 UNITED . | June 2018 RUSSIAN FEDERATION RUSSIAN BOSNIA/HERZEGOVINA REPUBLIC OFMOLDOVA REPUBLIC (HC ) , , 201 urope 6 or latest year available 100% 90% 80% Source: * Based= on FTE data. - Note Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers 4.Figure 4 70% = 11 2005, 60% s : and subscribe eAlertsto the Institute’s lateston publications UNESCO UNESCO Institute for Statistics, - For more information on R&Dplease data, consult the = 1 2015, 50% - A Please consult the UIS website 12 = 12 2004,= brea 40% 85.5% - 30% = 2 2014, kdown of female researchers inkdown A of researchers female 57.1% 56.1% 55.4% Experimental Development 53.3% 52.3% 52.1% 52.0% 51.4% 49.5% 49.4% 49.1% 48.6% - 45.7% 14= 2002, 45.0% 44.8% 20% 44.1% 41.9% 41.5% 41.4% 40.6% 40.3% 40.0% 39.8% 39.7% UIS Fact Sheet No. 39.2% 39.0% 38.7% 36.9% 36.4% 34.9% 34.8% 33.9% 33.8% 33.2% 33.2% 31.4% 30.7% 30.6% 30.1% 29.8% 29.8% 29.6% 29.3% 28.9% 27.8% 27.7% 27.1% - 25.7% 25.3% 24.8% 23.7% 3 = = 3 2013, 23.3% 23.2% 23.1% 10% 23.0% 22.6% 22.4% 21.8% 21.8% 21.2% 20.8% 20.0% 19.7% 19.5% 18.3% 16.5% 15.7% 15.2% 14.5% 14.0% 13.9% 13.3% 12.8% 9.8% 10.4% 10.3% 10.0% 7.8% 0% 4.8% - 15= 2001, IRAQ CHAD June TOGO MALI-1 JAPAN EGYPT LIBYA-7 OMAN-1 TUNISIA INDIA-1* - JORDAN NEPAL-6 KENYA-6 QATAR-1 GHANA-6 GABON-7 ARMENIA ZAMBIA-8 4 4 2012, = GEORGIA GUINEA-3 KUWAIT-1 GAMBIA-5 MALAWI-6 ISRAEL-5* SUDAN-11 NAMIBIA-2 NIGERIA-9 ANGOLA-5 UGANDA-2 MOROCCO RWANDA-7 BAHRAIN-2 MONGOLIA BURUNDI-5 ETHIOPIA-3 VIETNAM-1 CONGO-16* SENEGAL-1 LESOTHO-1 TAJIKISTAN ALGERIA-11 TANZANIA-3 THAILAND-1 PAKISTAN-1 LAOPDR-14 MALAYSIA-1 SRI LANKA-2 MAURITANIA AZERBAIJAN ZIMBABWE-4 CAMBODIA-1 UZBEKISTAN MAURITIUS-4 PALESTINE-3 KOREA, REP. MYANMAR-14 SEYCHELLES BOTSWANA-3 CONGO, DR-1 KAZAKHSTAN SWAZILAND-1 CAMEROON-8 KYRGYZSTAN 201 SINGAPORE-2 INDONESIA-11 PHILIPPINES-3 MADAGASCAR CHINA, MACAO CABOVERDE-5 MOZAMBIQUE-1 SAUDIARABIA-3 http://uis.unesco.org BANGLADESH-19 SOUTHAFRICA-1 BURKINA FASO-2 NEW ZEALAND-15 5 CÔTE D'IVOIRE-11 - 1 8 PAPUA NEW GUINEA 16 16 2000, = IRAN,ISLAMIC REP.-3 . | June 2018 releases. BRUNEI DARUSSALAM-12 - CENTRAL AFRICAN REP.-9 5 5 2011, = at at http://on.unesco.org/RD - (HC 19 = = 19 1997. - 6 6 2010, = ) , , 201 UNESCO eAtlas of Research and frica, frica, to accessto the UIS 6 or 6 latest year available , , data visualisations - 7 = 2009, 2009, = 7 A sia and the the sia and - map - 8 = = 8 2008, database P and data acific - 9 9 2007, = .
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