DAY MISSIONS

' ^ {>• '

A n n u a l R e p o r t

—O F T H E — Board of Foreign Missions

- O R T H E — UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

—OR—

NORTH AMERICA

1 9 1 4 .

Containing The 55th Annual Report of the Board, Presented to the General Assembly at New Castle, Pa., May 27, 1914. Report of the Women’s Board to the General Assembly. The 59th Annual Report of the Mission in Egypt; The 58th Annual Report of the Mission in India; The 13th Annual Report of the Sudan Mission; General Statement of Receipts and Payments; &c., &c.

PH ILAD ELPH IA : REV. PAUL H. Mc C l a n a h a n , Associate Secretary, Board of Foreign Missions, 1913-1914. Died by drowning at Waverly, Ohio, August 10, 1914. CONTENTS.

PAGE The Board of Foreign M issions,...... 4-5 Post Office Addresses of Missionaries,...... 6-8 Statistics— Egypt...... 9 “ I n d i a , ...... 10 ‘ ‘ The Sudan,...... 11 General Summary of the Entire Foreign W ork, ...... 12 Historical Sketch...... 13 General Information-,...... 14 The Board’s Annual Report to the General Assembly,...... 15 Report of General Assembly’s Committee, ...... 52 Appropriations of General Assembly,...... 54 Report of Women’s B oard,...... 56 Report of the Mission in E g y p t , ...... 63 Report of the Mission in India,...... 141 Report of the Mission in the S u d a n ,...... 229 Alphabetical List of M issionaries,...... 252 Treasurer’s Report,...... 260 Act of Incorporation, ...... 286 Outlines for Missionary Sermons,...... 287 TOPICAL IN D EX , ...... 289 T?j* ILLUSTRATIONS.

FACING PAGE Rev. Paul H. McClanahan,...... frontispiece, i Bedouins in Egypt—A Neglected Class,...... 65 Little Girls of Pressly Memorial Institute, ...... 89 Older Girls of Pressly Memorial Institute...... 89 Traveling in E g y p t, ...... 105 Shabas Ameir School, Tanta D istrict,...... 105 Dr. Pollock, Medical Missionary on the Delta Boat, Pulling Teeth in a Wheat F ield , ...... 125 Dr. Pollock giving Patients Morning Bible Lesson before the Clinic, . 125 United Presbyterian Missionaries in India, at the Annual Meeting, 1913 143 The Congregation at Rawal Pindi, In d ia , ...... 152 Evangelism by Auto in I n d i a , ...... 152 Harvesting in India,...... 172 Instead of Department Stores...... 172 The Staff, Students and Main Building of the Sialkot High School, . 205 In the Memorial Hospital, S ialkot,...... 205 A Typical Nuer, Egyptian Sudan,...... 231 Raw Material in the Sudan...... 237 Nyidok, the First Christian S h illu k , ...... 237 Native Fishing Hut on the Sobat River, ...... 248 Dr. Lambie and his Dispensary on the Bank of the Sobat River, . . 248 Map of E g y p t , ...... 62 “ “ I n d i a , ...... 140 “ “ S u d a n ,...... 229 BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS.

Members.

R E V . T. B. T U R N B U L L , D.D. MR. JOHN R. MCLEAN.

iMR. ROBERT KILLOUGH. C REV.MR. JAS. M. G. H. KYLE, KERR. D.D., LL.D. _ _ _ T . ) “ CHAS. S. CLELAND, D.D. 1913 1910 1 .< w> M ANDERSON, D.D. v. MR. GEO. INNES.

(REV. S. G. FITZGERALD. 1914-1917^ MR. ROBERT L. LATIMER. (MR. FRED. O. SHANE.

Oßicers.

P r e s i d e n t .

R e v . M. G. KYLE, D.D., LL. D., 1132 Arrott St., Frankford, Philadelphia, Pa.

R e c o r d i n g S e c r e t a r y .

R e v . C. S. CLELAND, D.D., 802 North 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

C orresponding S e c r e t a r y .

R e v . CHARLES R WATSON, D D., 200 North Fifteenth St., Philadelphia, Pa.

A s s o c i a t e S e c r e t a r y .

R e v . W . B . ANDERSON, D. D., 200 North Fifteenth St., Philadelphia, Pa.

A s s o c i a t e S e c r e t a r y .

R e v . PAUL H. McCLANAHAN, * 200 North Fifteenth St., Philadelphia, Pa.

T r e a s u r e r .

ROBERT L. LATIMER, E sq., 24 North Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Stated m eeting at 1,30 o’clock p . m ., Second Tuesday in each month in the Second United Presbyterian Church, Race Street, near 16th Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

* Died August 10, 1914. OFFICERS OF THE BOARD SINCE ORGANIZATION.

P r e s id e n t s . 1859-71 Rev. Jos. T . Cooper, D. D. 1871-93 “ W . W . Barr, D. D . . 1893- “ M. G. Kyle, D. D.

C orresponding S e c r e t a r ie s.

I859~93 Rev. J. B. Dales, D. D. 1893-02 “ W . W . Barr, D. D. 1902- “ Charles R. Watson.

R ecordin g S e c r e t a r ie s. 1859-66 Rev. F. Church. 1866-68 “ Thos. H. Hanna, D. D. 1868-71 “ F. Church. 1871-74 S. C. Huey. 1874-76 Rev. J. C. Wilson. 1876-78 Joseph D. McKee. 1878-80 Rev. J. B. Whitten. 1880-82 “ R. Stewart, D. D. 1882-96 “ D. W . Collins, D. D. 1896- “ C. S. Cleland, D. D.

T r e a s u r e r s . 1859-74 Thos. B. Rich. 1874-79 William Getty. 1879-93 Joseph D. McKee. 1893- Robert L. Latimer. MEMBERS SINCE ORGANIZATION. 1859-61 Rev. J. T. Pressly, D. D. 1878-93 Mr. Robert T. Elliott. 1859-74 J. T. Cooper, D. D. 1880-82 Rev. R. Stewart, D. D. U << i 859-75t J. B. Dales, D. D. 1882-99 D. W. Collins, D. D. (Í 1859-63 G. C. Arnold. 1883-89 I. T . Wright. 1859-80 F. Church. 1889- M. G. Kyle, D. D. 1859-60 H. H. Blair. 1890-93 “ W. M. Gibson, D. D. 1859-66 Mr. T. D. Anderson. 1890-04 Mr. Wm. Neely. 1859-76 “ S. C. Huey. 1893* Robert H. Ferguson. 1859-64 T. B. Rich. 1893- Rev. S. G. Fitzgerald. 1860-61 Rev. T. H. Beveridge. 1893- Mr. Robert L. Latimer. 1861-94t W. W. Barr, D. D. 1894-03 Samuel Walker. 1861-66 a James Prestly, D. D. 1894- Rev. Chas. S. Cleland, D. D. 1863-68 Mr. J. M. Wallace. 1895* Mr. Jas. A . Elliott. 1864-95 Thos. Stinson. 1896-03 Wm. A. Brown. 1864-80 a Wm. H. Getty. 1899- Rev. W. M. Anderson, D. D. 1866-68 Rev. T. H. Hanna, D. D. r9° 3- T. B. Turnbull, D. D. 1868-76 u W. C. Jackson. 1903- Mr. John R. McLean. 1868-90 Mr. John Alexander. 1903-07 James S. McCracken. 1869-75 Rev. J. M. Hutchinson. 1904* Robt. H. Ferguson. « 1874-76 J. C. Wilson, D. D. 1905- F. 0 . Shane. it u 1875-90 S. G. Fitzgerald. 1907- Robert Killough. 1876-93 Mr. Jos. D. McKee. 1914- Geo. Innes. 1876-83 Rev. J. B. Whitten. 1914- James H. Kerr. 1876-03 Rev. James Crowe, D. D. * Elected but did not serve. f Became Corresponding Secretary of the Board. 6 Annual Report— Post Office Addresses. POST-OFFICE ADDRESSES OF MISSIONARIES FOR 1914-15.* EGYPT. Rev. J. Willard Acheson,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ C. C. Adams,...... Beni Suef, Egypt. “ J. R. Alexander, D.D., .... Cairo, Egypt. “ J. W . B a i r d , ...... Monsurah, Egypt. Prof. Chas. S. Bell, ...... St. Charles, Iowa. Rev. J. Howard B o y d , ...... Tanta, Egypt. “ R. W. Caldwell, ...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ Wm. R. Coventry, ...... Tanta, Egypt. Dr. H. L. Finley, ...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. Thos. J. Finney, D.D., .... Alexandria, Egypt. “ Dalton Galloway,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ John Giffen, D .D ...... Cairo, E gypt. “ W . P. G ilm o r,...... Alexandria, Egypt. address.) foreign each to added be should Mission{American Dr. A. F. Grant...... Tanta, Egypt. Rev. Sam’l. G. Hart...... Zakazik, Egypt. Rev. F. D. Henderson,...... Faiyum, Egypt. Dr. L. M. Henry, ...... Assiut, Egypt. Prof. W. W. Hickman...... Assiut, Egypt. Mr. F. S. Hoyman, ...... New W ilmington, Pa. Rev. James G. Hunt, D.D., ..... Cairo, E gypt, (44 Faggala St.) “ J. Kruidenier, D.D., ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Neal McClanahan,...... Assiut, Egypt. Prof. Robt. S. McClenahan...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. Wm. L. McClenahan,...... Zifta, Egypt. “ Ralph G. McGill,...... Cairo, Egypt. Dr. W. T. M oore, ...... Assiut, Egypt. Prof. C. A. O w en, ...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. H. E. Philips, Ph.D., . . . . . Luxor, Egypt. Dr. A. W. Pollock, ...... Zifta, Egypt. Rev. W. H. R eed, ...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Mark S. R o y , ...... Alexandria, Egypt. Prof. Chas. P. Russell...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. A. A. Thompson,...... Beni Suef, Egypt. “ F. S. Thompson,...... Assiut, Egypt. “ R. W. Walker, ...... Benha, Egypt. “ Andrew Watson, D. D., LL.D., . Cairo, Egypt. Rev. S. A. Work, ...... Monsurah, Egypt. “ S. M. Zwemer, D. D.,f • • • • Cairo,Egypt, (20 Sh.Sakkakini Pasha) Miss Alda B. Atchison,...... Cairo, E gypt. “ Mary E. Baird, ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Ella M. Barnes,...... Cairo, Egypt, (13 Sh. Sahib Shubra). “ Margaret A. B ell, ...... Tarkio, Mo. “ Carrie M. Buchanan...... Cairo, E gypt, (American Mission College for Girls, Sh. Abbas). “ Ida L. Cabeen...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ A. L- Corkey,...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Anna B. C risw e ll,...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Mabel B. Dickey,...... Monsurah, Egypt. “ Ella B. Downie, ...... Benha, Egypt. ‘ ‘ Helen J. Ferrier,...... Luxor, Egypt. “ Minnehaha Finney...... Monsurah, Egypt. “ Elsie M. French,...... Zakazik, Egypt. “ Alfaretta Hammond,...... Beni Suef, Egypt. “ May Holland, ...... Tanta, Egypt. “ Rena L- H ogg, ...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Isabel Hosack, ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Anna M. McConaughy, . . Cairo, Egypt. «Unexpected changes may impair the accuracy of these addresses, but even in such cases mail will probably be forwarded safely. t Missionary associated through the courtesy of the Reformed Church in America. NOTE—Foreign postage is five cents per ounce. For further information see page 14. Annual Report— Post 0 if ice Addresses. 7

EG YPT— (Continued). Miss IyOis A. McCracken,...... 105 N. Dallas Aye., Pittsburgh, Pa. “ Carol E. McMillan...... Tanta, Egypt. “ E. Roxy Martin...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Olive T. Mason...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ Marian A. Paden,...... Beni Suef, Egypt. “ Mary M. Pattison...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Nellie C. Sm ith, ...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ Margaret A. Smith,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ E- Dorcas Teas,...... Benha, Egypt. ‘ ‘ Anna Y. Thompson,...... Cairo, Egypt.

“ Sadie Thompson...... Tanta, Egypt. address.) foreign each to added be should Mission(American “ Anna B. Watson, M.D ...... New Athens, O. “ Laura B. Walker,...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ Ida Whiteside,...... Luxor, Egypt. “ Roe O. Williams,...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Ruth A. W ork,...... Assiut, Egypt.

THE EGYPTIAN SUDAN. Rev. J Kelly Giffen, D .D .,...... Khartum, Egyptian Sudan. Mr. C. B. G u th rie ,...... Doleib Hill, Sobat River, Egyptian Sudan. Dr. Thos. A. Lam bie, ...... Khartum, Egyptian Sudan. (Mark “ Forward” ) Rev. D. S. O yler, ...... 200 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Rev. Paul J. Smith...... Khartum, Egyptian Sudan. Rev. Geo. A. Sow ash, ...... Omdurman, Egyptian Sudan. Miss Fannie G. Bradford,...... Khartum North, Egyptian Sudan. “ Elsie E. Grove, ...... Khartum North, Egyptian Sudan. “ Aulora McIntyre...... Tarkio, Mo.

INDIA. Rev. W. T. Anderson, ...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ Ralph E. Ayers, ...... Sargodha, Punjab, India. “ J. W. Ballantyne, D.D., .... Xenia, O. “ Jas. S. Bair, D . D . , ...... New Wilmington, Pa. Dr. M. M. B ro w n ,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. Rev. A. B. C a ld w e ll,...... Hemet, California. “ E. E. Campbell, ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ J. G. Campbell...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Hubert C. Chambers,...... Khangah Dogran, Punjab, India. “ E. V. Clements,...... Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ F. N. Crawford,...... Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. “ Osborne Crowe,...... New Wilmington, Pa. “ David R. Gordon, D. D., . . . Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Thos. E- Holliday, D.D...... Sialkot Cantt, Punjab, India. “ A. M. Lain s ', ...... Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. “ J. H. Martin, D.D ...... Lyallpur, Punjab, India. “ Robt. Maxwell,...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ W. D. M ercer, ...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. Prof. Wm. H. Merriam, ...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. Rev. J. A. McArthur, ...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Jno. A. McConnelee, D. D., . . Sargodha, Punjab, India.

♦Unexpected changes may impair the accuracy of these addresses, but even in such cases mail will probably be forwarded safely. NOTE Foreign postage is five cents per ounce. For further information see page 14. 8 Animal Report— Post O ffice Addresses.

INDIA- (Continued.)

Rev. W . M. McKelvey...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ H. S. Nesbitt, ...... Pasrur, Punjab, India. Rev. S. C. Picken...... Zafarwal, Punjab, India. “ E . L- P o r t e r , ...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ T. L, Scott, D .D ., ...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Harris J. S te w a r t,...... Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ J. H. Stewart...... Pathankot, Punjab, India. “ Robert Stewart, D.D. LL.D., . Gujranwala, Punjab, India. Miss Emma D. Anderson,...... Point Marion, Pa. Miss Minnie E. Beatty,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Roma Beatty,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Hazel B e n n e t t ,...... New Wilmington, Pa. “ Lena S. Brotherston . . . . . 91 French St., Buffalo, N. Y. address.) foreign each to added be should Mission (American “ Lois Buchanan,...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Mary J. Campbell...... Pathankot, Punjab, India. “ Laura Cleland,...... Sargodha, Punjab, India. “ Henrietta W. Cowden, . . . Quaker City, O. “ Laurella G. Dickson, .... . Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. “ Margaret J. Fehlman, . . . Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Bessie Fleming,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Elizabeth G. Gordon...... Pattersonville, N. Y. “ Ella M. Gordon,...... Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ Nancy A. Hadley,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Anna M. Hamilton,...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ Laura B. Hamilton, .... . Zafarwal, Punjab, India. “ Winifred E. T. Heston, M.D., . Sargodha, Punjab, India. “ Kate A. Hill...... Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. “ Jeannette Hopkins, .... . Khangah Dogran, Punjab, India. “ Flora J. Jameson,...... Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. “ Mary Kyle, ...... Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ Olive R. Laing,...... Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. “ Elizabeth Lawrence, . . . . Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ Mary A. Lawrence...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ Mary E. Logan...... Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ Fannie C. Martin,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Mary R. Martin, . . . . . Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Jennie E. Martin,...... Adamsville, Pa. “ E- Josephine Martin, . . . . Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ Elizabeth McCahon, . . . . Sialkot, Punjab, India. Mrs. A lice M c C lu r e ,...... New Wilmington, Pa. Miss Lillian A. McConnell, . ; . . Lyallpur, Punjab, India, “ Rosa A. McCullough, . . . . Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Eleanor W. Maconachie, . . Pathankot, Punjab, India. “ Emma M. Minger, .... . Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. “ Henrietta M oore,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Jennie B. Morrison, .... . Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ J. Phandora Simpson, M.D., . Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ Nannie J. Spencer...... Lyallpur, Punjab, India. “ Ruth Wamock, .... . Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Josephine L. White, .... . Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ Maria White, M.D., .... . Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Dora B. Whitely,...... Zafarwal, Punjab, India. “ Cynthia E. Wilson, . . . . . Madhopur, Punjab, India. “ Ethel M. Wilson...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Margaret M. Wilson, . . . Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Rosa T. Wilson...... Madhopur, Punjab, India.

♦Unexpected changes may impair the accuracy of these addresses, but even in such cases mail will probably b< : forwarded safely. NOTE Foreign postage is fr 'e cents per ounce. For further information see page 14. Annual Report— Egypt Statistics.

EGYPT.

S T A T I S T I C S , J A N U A R Y i, 1914.

Population o f our field in E g y p t ...... 9,000,000 Ordained Missionaries* ...... 27 Professors in College* ...... 4 Laymen* ...... 2 Medical Missionaries, Men* ...... 5 Medical Missionary, Woman*...... 1 Nurses* ...... 3 Women Missionaries, Unmarried* ...... 32 Women Missionaries, Wives* ...... 35

Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment*...... 109 Assistant Physicians, Men ...... 2 Assistant Physician, Wife ...... 1 Assistant Teachers and Evangelist ...... 34 Matrons ...... 4 Assistant Nurses ...... 13 — ------54

Total Foreign Workers* ...... 163 Native Ordained Ministers! ...... 64 Licentiates! ...... 17 Other Native Workers ...... 650

Total Native Workers ...... 731

Total Workers, Native and Foreign* ...... 894 Mission Districts ...... 10 Organized Congregations ...... 85 Other places where services are held regularly ...... 200 Congregations self-supporting ...... 26 Total Membership...... 12,194 Received by Profession in 1913 ...... 637 Total Christian Evangelical Community (estimated) ... 30,000 Sabbath-schools ...... 191 Teachers in these .t...... 634 Scholars in these ...... 15,877 Theological Seminary ...... 1 Colleges ...... 2 Boarding and High Schools ...... 25 Village Schools ...... 168

Total Number of Schools ...... 196 Students in Theological Seminary ...... 12 Students in Colleges ...... 1,207 Students in Boarding and High Schools ...... 5J53 Students in V illage Schools ...... 10,187 Total Number of Students in all Schools ...... 16,559 Hospitals ...... 2 Clinics ...... 5 Native Contributions for Church Work ...... $59,307 Paid by Natives for all purposes ...... $230,168

* These figures include all missionaries under appointment, whether at home on furlough or at work on field. t The Sudan Mission having effected an independent organization, its statistics are given separately on page 11. N. B.— More detailed statistics may be found on pages 134 to 140. IO Annual Report— India Statistics.

INDIA.

S T A T I S T I C S , J A N U A R Y i, 1914.

Population of our field in India ...... 5,433>095 Ordained Missionaries* ...... 27 Professor in College* ...... 1 Layman* ...... 1 Medical Missionary, Man* ...... j Medical Missionaries, Women* ...... 3 Women Missionaries, Unmarried* ...... 44 Women Missionaries, Wives* ...... 28

Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment* 105 Assistant Teachers ...... 3 Assistant Nurse ...... 1

Total Foreign Workers* ...... 109 Native Ordained Ministers ...... 38 Licentiates ...... 15 Other Native Christian Workers ...... 416

Total Native Christian Workers ...... 469 Other Workers ...... ' 205

Total Workers, Native and Foreign ...... 783 Mission Districts ...... 12 Organized Congregations ...... 54 Other places where services are held ...... 351 Congregations, self-supporting ...... 29 Total Membership ...... 31,631 Received by Profession in 1913 ...... 1,464 Net increase in 1913 ...... 2,106 Total Christian Evangelical Community ...... 58,034 Sabbath-schools ...... 147 Teachers in these ...... 266 Scholars in these ...... 5,646 Theological Seminary ...... 1 College ...... 1 . High Schools ...... 4 Middle Schools ...... 7 j Primary Schools ...... 187 Industrial Schools ...... 2

Total Number of Schools ...... 202 Students in Theological Seminary ...... 17 Students in College ...... 166 Number of Pupils in High Schools ...... , ...... 3-404 Pupils in M iddle Schools ...... 1,812 Pupils in Prim aiy Schools ...... 5,997 Pupils in Industrial Schools ...... 221

Total Number of Pupils in all Schools (Christian, 3,241) 11,617 Hospitals ...... • 4 Dispensaries ...... 7 Native Contributions for Church Work ...... $5,I45 Paid by Natives for all purposes ...... $3^630

* These figures include all missionaries under appointment, whether at home on furlough or at work on field. N. B.— More detailed statistics may be found on pages 216 to 227. Annual Report— Sudan Statistics. n

THE EGYPTIAN SUDAN.

S T A T I S T I C S , J A N U A R Y i, 1914. .

Ordained Missionaries* ...... 4 Laymen* ...... 2 Medical Missionaries (Men)* ...... 2 Women Missionaries, Unmarried* ...... 3 Women Missionaries, Wives* ...... 8

Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment*...... 19 Native Ordained Ministers ...... 2 Evangelistic Colporteur ...... 1 Teachers ...... 13

Total Native Workers ...... 16

Total Foreign and Native Workers ...... 35 Main Stations ...... 4 Organized Congregation ...... 1 Preaching Stations ...... 12 Received by Profession ...... 14 Total Membership ...... 176 Sabbath-schools ...... 6 Boarding and Industrial Schools ...... 2 Primary Schools ...... 4

Total Number of Schools ...... 6 Pupils in Boarding Schools ...... 203 Pupils in Primary Schools ...... 343

Total Number of Pupils ...... 546 Dispensaries or Clinics ...... 3 Native Contributions for Church Work ...... $2332 Native Contributions for all purposes ...... $4,108

* These figures include all missionaries under appointment, whether at home on furlough or at work on field. N. B.— More detailed statistics may be found on page 251. 12 Annual Report— General Summary.

GENERAL SUMMARY OF ENTIRE WORK.

S T A T I S T I C S , J A N U A R Y i, 1914.

Total population of our Foreign Fields (excluding the Sudan) ...... 14,433,095 Ordained Missionaries ...... 58 Professors in Colleges...... 5 Laymen ...... 5 Medical Missionaries— Men, 8; Women, 4 ...... 12 Nurses ...... 3 Women Missionaries, Unmarried ...... 79 Women Missionaries, W ives ...... 71

Total Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment.. 233 Assistant Physicians ...... 2 Assistant Teachers ...... 35 Assistant Nurses ...... 14 Others ...... 7 58

Total Foreign Workers ...... '...... 291 Native Ordained Ministers ...... 104 Licentiates ...... 32 Other Native Workers ...... 1,285

Total Native Workers ...... 1,421

Total Workers, Native and Foreign ...... 1,712 Mission Districts ...... 24 Synods ...... 2 Presbyteries ...... 11 Organized Congregations ...... 140 Other places where services are held ...... 563 Congregations self-supporting ...... 55 Total Membership ...... 44,001 Received by Profession in 1913 ...... 2,115 N et Gain in Membership in 1913 ...... 2,277 Total Christian Evangelical Community ...... 88,210 Sabbath-schools ...... 344 Teachers in these ...... 900 Scholars in these ...... 21,523 Theological Seminaries ...... 2 Colleges ...... 3 Boarding and High Schools ...... 38 Village and Day Schools ...... 359 Industrial Schools ...... 2

Total Number of Schools ...... 404 Students in Theological Seminaries ...... 29 Students in Colleges ...... i ,373 Students in Boarding and High Schools ...... ¿0,572 Students in Village and Day Schools ...... 16,527 Students in Industrial Schools ...... 221 Total Number of Students ...... 28,722 Hospitals ...... '...... 6 Dispensaries and Clinics ...... 15 Native Contributions for Church Work ...... $66,784 Paid by Natives for all purposes ...... $265,906 Annual R-eport— Historical Sketch. 13

HISTORICAL SKETCH.

The United Presbyterian Church of North America came into existence in 1858, through the union of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian and the Associate Presbyterian Churches. The first General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church met in Xenia, Ohio, in May, 1859. A t that meeting a Board of Foreign Missions was chosen, consisting of nine members, and to this Board was committed the care of the several missions which had beep inaugurated by the two branches of the Church prior to the union. Circum­ stances, which seemed wholly providential, led to the abandonment of three of the missions and the concentration of the Church’s strength upon the other two fields ; the Trinidad Mission was given over in 1867 to the Presbyterian Church of the Lower Provinces (now the Presbyterian Church of Canada) ; the China Mission was transferred to the Rhenish Missionary Society in 1878 ; the Syrian Mission was transferred in 1878 to the care of the Presby­ terian Church of Ireland. The Mission in Egypt, established in 1854, recognizes at least 9,000,000 of the 11,000,000 of thfe population as constituting its legitimate mission field, and its operations extend from the Mediterranean to the first Cataract. The Mission in India, established in 1855, includes within its field, wholly or in large part, some seven government districts of the Punjab, with a popu­ lation of more than 5,000,000 ; adjoining, though as yet unoccupied, terri­ tory in Kashmir may also be recognized as its legitimate field. In 1900, the Mission in Egypt extended its operations beyond the frontiers of Egypt proper into what is called the Egyptian Sudan. This mission has now a separate and definite organization of its own, and is the third and youngest mission of the United Presbyterian Church of North America.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY, 1843— 1914-

., The whole number of missionaries who have accepted appointment as missionaries since the .first sailed, July 14, 1843, until January 1, 1914* is 390 ; this includes the missionaries of both branches of the Church prior to the Union. One hundred and eighty-seven missionaries have received appointment to our Mission in E gypt; of these 49 were ordained men, 2 laymen, 5 college professors, 12 physicians, (8 men, 4 women) ; 5 nurses, and 59 other unmarried women ; the remainder being wives of missionaries. Since the establishment of the Mission, 76 have- retired or died. One hundred, and sixty missionaries have received appointment to our Mission in India. Of these 43 were ordained men, 3 college professors, 1 layman, 7 physicians, (1 man, 6 women).; 1 nurse; 60 other unmarried women; the remainder being wives of missionaries. Since the establish­ ment of the Mission, 54 have retired or died. Twenty-five missionaries have- received- appointment to our Mission in the Sudan. O f these, 6 were ordained men, 2, laymen, 3 physicians,. .5 unmarried women, the remainder being wives of missionaries. . Since-the establishment o f the Mission 6 -have rfetired-or died. “ 14 Annual Report— General Information.

GENERAL INFORMATION.

Letters relating to the Board of Foreign Missions should be addressed to the Rev. C. R. Watson or the Rev. W. B. Anderson, 200 N. Fifteenth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Letters relating to Finances should be addressed to Robert L. Latimer, Esq., 24 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

C orrespondence w it h M issionaries . Letters to foreign missionaries should be addressed according to directions on pages 6, 7 and 8.

P o s t a g e t o E g y p t , I n d ia & T h e S u d a n . Letters, 5 cents for first ounce, and 3 cents more for each additional ounce. Postal cards, 2 cents. Newspapers, Periodicals, Books and other printed matter up to 4 pounds, 1 cent for each two ounces. Registration fee on letters or books, 10 cents additional to other postage.

M o n e y V a l u e s .

India. Rupees, variable, at present 33 cents, three Rupees nearly one dollar. The Anna 1-16 of a Rupee, or about 2 cents, the Pice % o f an Anna or % a cent. Egypt- 10 Milliemes (— formerly 40 paras) = 1 piaster tarif (P. T.) = about 5 cents. 1 Egyptian rial = 20 piasters - one dollar. 1 Egyptian pound (,£ E) = 100 piasters = about five dollars.

F o r m s o f B e q u e s t . “I do give and bequeath the sum of dollars to the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America.” Or, if the bequest be of real estate, as follows : “I do give, devise, and bequeath all that” (describe the property') “ unto the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, to have and to hold, to them and their successors forever.”

A n n u i t i e s . Those who wish their money to go finally to the missionary cause and who cannot afford as yet to be deprived of the income, are asked to con­ sider the Annuity Plan of the Board of Foreign Missions. Wills are often broken and bequests to missionary societies are lost. By giving your money to the Board while you live, you become your own executor and avoid the risk of a subsequent diversion of the funds. The Annuity Plan allows you a reasonable income during life. Correspondence concerning the above should be addressed to Robert L. Latimer, Esq., 24 N. Front Street * Philadelphia. THE ANNUAL REPORT

OF TH E Board of Foreign Missions

OF THE United Presbyterian Church

TO TH E GENERAL ASSEMBLY

1914 .

HE Report which follows is the Fifty-fifth Report of the Board of Foreign Missions to the General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church. To survey the work of the Church in foreign lands,— a work which is now rounding out six decades of development— is to become conscious of four things. First, comes a deep consciousness of the wonderful privi­ lege which is ours as individuals and as a Church in being called of God to be partners with Him in this work of world redemp­ tion. What revelations of God’s power and goodness come through these foreign missionary activities in Egypt, India and the Sudan! What a widening of the intellectual horizon and of the spiritual horizon, too, grows out of the activities of this en­ terprise that girdles the globe! What new meaning the con­ descension of God takes on as we see Him bending down to uplift the outcaste of India! Again, there comes in the survey of this work a new con­ sciousness of the restless activity of God. “I will work and who can hinder it?” Thus did the prophet of old speak out of his full consciousness of the workings of God in his time, but there is need that each age and generation shall have a like vivid con­ sciousness of the divine immanence in human affairs. In the new spirit which is sweeping over Moslem lands and thfe lands 16 Annual Report— The Past Year in Egypt. of the Far Bast and in political upheavals such as those which have overtaken the empire of the Caliphs, abundant testimony is afforded to the living presence of a God who lives and works in this our day even as in days o f old. No survey of the foreign missionary enterprise, however, can fail to awaken a consciousness of the utter inadequacy of the human agencies which stand over against the divinely created opportunities of our foreign fields. From the point of view of numbers, all three of our Missions are regrettably undermanned. From the standpoint of equipment, how pressing are the needs! As regards spiritual power, how cruelly conscious we are of our weakness in the presence of the.spiritual hosts of wickedness! And as to statesmanship and resourcefulness of plan, how feeble and short-sighted our missionary plans appear! Thus there is awakened a fourth consciousness which is per­ haps the most important of all. It is that the situation calls im­ peratively for the releasing of new forces and resources which are to be found in God. The task which is before the Church cannot be performed through existing forces and agencies. And those forces cannot be increased, nor those agencies multiplied through any mere readjustments of our methods or policies. Readjustments conserve power, but they do not generate power. What is needed is a new accession of power, and that can only come through higher spiritual life. Our helplessness in the pres­ ence of overwhelming opportunity, becomes therefore a challenge to a new laying hold of God. The following pages, dealing first with the record of the past year and then with the plans for the new year, may bear other messages to those who read them, but the Board trusts that at least this fourfold message may not be missed as the Church studies the facts which are presented in this Report.

L—THE PAST YEAR. The past year, for Egypt, has been marked by a growing realization of cer- 1. IN EGYPT. tain great facts. The first of these is the fact of Egypt’s strategic importance in re­ lation to the Moslem World. This fact has been emphasized by various interdenominational, and indeed international, movements and enterprises during the year. There has been the founding of the Cairo Language School, an insti­ tution which is designed to serve as the source of training for workers in all Moslem fields. With the close of this year this Language School finish.es the first year of its. life. Its influence wiU.be felt-wherever work among Moslems is carried on. Be­ sides, this,: there is the widening influence of the Nile Mission Press. This enterprise .has .for aim the sending of the printed Annual Report— The Past Year in Egypt. *7 page into every Moslem land. There is also the movement to make Cairo the center of an extensive Sabbath-school work which will be carried on in behalf of the Moslem World. And, finally, rising above all of these in interest and possible influence, is the proposed Christian University at Cairo. This institution is to serve the whole Moslem World and thus once more empha­ size Egypt’s strategic relation to the Moslem problem. The second fact which the report of the year embodies is the fact of a deepening interest in the Moslem problem within the bounds of Egypt itself. This movement is not without its counterpart both in Europe and America. We might mention a special Conference on Missionary Work for Moslems which was held in New York during the year and special Conferences in Europe with this same theme for study. We may safely say, therefore, that “ there are indications that from the Missionary side efforts are being made to grapple more seriously and syste­ matically with the problem of Islam.” Nothing could be of more significance for our work in Egypt than this fact. This growing sense of responsibility for the Moslem people has led our Mission to set aside special workers for this peculiar task. It has also brought before us the fact of the possibility of making some impression upon the Moslem peoples. One mission­ ary writes:

“In reviewing the situation as regards work among Moslems what most impresses one is the favorableness of the conditions for aggressive work among them.”

One who is in closest touch with the Mohammedan situa­ tion on our field bears this testimony:

“The influence of the Evangelical Church on Mohammedan thought and life in Upper Egypt is remarkable. The Church members have been living among the Moslems as neighbors, having fellowship with them in business, daily life and conversation, thus having countless opportuni­ ties for holding up before them Christian principles and ideals, even though they had not perhaps been conscious of influencing them. Thus prejudices have been broken down and Moslems have absorbed much more than they will acknowledge.”

Many instances of the power of the Gospel upon Moslem lives might be given.

“One pastor reports the baptism of two Moslems and says they were brought to know the Truth through the influence of a simple Church member who by his daily life and influence led them to know the mean­ ing of salvation by Grace and the Blood of Christ.” Further evidence is furnished by the fact that the meetings for Moslems which have been held throughout the year in Cairo have been crowded by Moslem hearers. It has even been neces­ sary to issue tickets in order to keep the attendance within bounds. 18 Annual Report— The Past Year in Egypt.

But over against this increased willingness on the part of many of the Moslems to hear the Truth, there is arising a grave danger as the following will point out:

“Perhaps at no time in the history of the Mission of Egypt have we passed through a more important and a more interesting period than the one we are in just now, unless it were in the early years of the Mission when the Coptic Community, roused by the fear that the new Evangeli­ cal religion would spread all over the land, took drastic measures of op­ position and even persecution, as effective means, they thought, to stop it. There has lately been aroused a national consciousness of the fact that there is an active and persistent propagation of Christian thought and principles at work in the land which has become a menace to Islam. Opposition to this movement finds expression in the daily press in the way of criticism of Mission methods and of warning to the Central Gov­ ernment and to the Moslem religious leaders and teachers.” “The Moslem consciousness that there is a Christianity never known in Egypt since Islam set foot in the Nile Valley, but a Christianity spread­ ing all over Egypt to-day, brings us to a point in the history of mission work here similar to the one in which early Christianity found itself when heathenism became conscious of the fact that the religion of Jesus Christ was supplanting Judaism and becoming a vital power in the world, and, as then, so now, it may mean that we are at the beginning of grave problems.”

It thus becomes apparent that in our success we may be called upon to face a new danger, the danger of fanatical oppo­ sition on the part of the Moslem forces. This condition should lead us to earnest intercession as we think of the future of the work. Throughout the Church on the Field many real signs of advancement are seen. There is a deepening of the interest in the Sabbath-school work. This is evidenced by the following

“ A series of helpful Sabbath School Conferences was held during the past year. Some fifty schools were represented and not less than two hundred delegates from outside the places of meeting were attendants. Many teachers confessed a new sense of responsibility in their work as the result of these Conferences. The seriousness of the work of deal­ ing with the souls of children and the opportunity for training the future Church in Egypt and moulding the character of the nation came home with a new force to many.”

A quickened interest in Young People’s work is reported in many instances. The Young People’s Societies have recognized the obligation which rests upon them to spread the Gospel to those who are outside their organization. This is a conception; which will bear fruit. We note increasing signs of success in the work for women, as may be illustrated by a single incident relating to work done in the Delta by means of the “Allegheny” mission boat:

“Hundreds of women have met this autumn and winter in the little tent erected for women to wait in before and after seeing the doc­ tor. Many mornings the teaching has continued from o A. M. till 12. The afternoons were reserved for house visiting, Sharebas being the only Annual Report— The Past Year in Egypt. 19 place where we failed to get into a single house. Among those who visited the tent, was a Haggi,* with whom the Lord is working. Her sins had been troubling her for some years, so she persuaded her husband to take her along with him to Mecca, thinking that she would find relief there. The relief was temporary and very disappointing, as she confessed before the tent full of women one morning. When she heard of the doctor’s boat on the canal, she thought that being cured of a slight bodily afflic­ tion might bring peace to her heart. Never shall I forget the tears and pained face of that tall, fine-looking Egyptian princess, for such shall she be in Christ, I trust. She feared no one, but just pleaded with me to tell her about Christ, if it was He who would give her peace. She understood in both mind and spirit, I believe, and before she left, she prayed that Christ would wash her sins away. She parted from us full of joy, and as she mounted her steed with its fancy saddle, for she was the sister of the Omdeh (Mayor) of a large town, my prayer was that the spirit who brought her might protect and teach her as she returned to her fanatical and godless home.” The remarkable scope and influence of the Mission’s edu­ cational missionary work almost defies statement, but may be inferred from the following:

“Every pupil receives a Bible lesson daily, and there seems to be less opposition to the rule than ever before. Our schools are more popular this year than ever before in spite of the fact that our object to evan­ gelize the Mohammedans becomes more widely known from year to year. One of our largest Mohammedan boys has asked for baptism. He came from one of the village schools to complete his primary course in the Benha school. The boy’s father is a poor farmer, and was very much vexed to find his boy becoming a Christian. He brought the village sheikhs to argue with him and restore him to the faith. He tried every persuasion and threat, but Said remained firm. Then he left him for a time, and seeing the boy obedient and well-behaved, supposed that he had abandoned his foolish error. Great was his surprise to find the lad firmer in his new faith than ever. Said is ever ready to give a reason for the hope that is in him. He has a remarkable knowledge of the Bible and is fearless in declaring his loyalty to Jesus Christ.” At Assiut College, as a result of special evangelistic meet­ ings held in the College and Pressly Memorial Institute, seventy young men and eight young women presented themselves for admission to the Church in profession of their faith in Christ. Of these fifty-seven were received into the communion of the Church, two of whom were converted Moslems. The far-reaching influence of the medical work cannot be estimated. Suffice to say that mission hospitals and dispensaries touched 3504 in-patients, 52,237 clinic patients, and 5709 outside patients,— 61,450 in all. Many individual cases are reported where the ministries of the human physician introduced the pa­ tient to the Great Physician. A fact which should be recognized by the Church at home is that of the increased cost for adequate equipment in educa­ tional work. The Government in Egypt has been seeking to raise the standard of all schools in the land. This involves increased equipment if our schools are to hold their place and fulfill their highest function. * One who has been on a pilgrimage 20 Annual Report— The Past Year in Egypt.

“Time was when the Mission school easily held the lead because of its advantage in Western ideas and the greater faithfulness and better morals on the part of its teachers, together with the fact that there were very few schools worthy of mention.”

But increasing grasp of Western thought and deepening de­ sire for the best has led the Government to raise the standard of its own schools and thus there has been made necessary higher standards in mission work. This is not to be lamented. We have always stood for the highest things in Egypt and we must show the Government that we are in sympathy with this movement. No review of the situation in Egypt would be complete without definite reference to three great needs of the Held. First. There is the need for an outpouring of the Spirit upon all workers on the field. In response to this need the Church of Egypt presents to the Church in America the plea for intercession that the Spirit may be given. Second. There is need for more workers who are trained to grapple with the peculiar problems of Egypt. Egypt needs the best talent and mental equipment which the Church in Amer­ ica can furnish. Third. There is the need for increased equipment for many branches of the work. If our efforts are to be adequate, we must make our investments proportionate to the needs. Grateful to God for countless blessings during the past year, Egypt faces the dawn of the new year with brighter hope, with deeper faith, with fuller love, than ever before, knowing that He who, in the abundance of His compassion, began a good work, and through the years has nourished it, will, in His faith­ fulness, perfect it unto His own glory.

STATISTICS FOR EGYPT.

Fo reign W orkers: (January 1, 1914): Ordained, 27; professors, 4 ; laym en, 2 ; medical, 6; (men, 5 ; women, l); nurses, 3 ; other unmarried wom en, 32; wives of missionaries, 35. Total foreign missionaries, 109. Native Workers: Ordained ministers, 64; licentiates, 17; other na­ tive workers, 650. Total native force, 731. The Native Church: Synod, 1; presbyteries, 4 ; organized congrega­ tions, 85; outstations, 200. Membership, 12,194; (men, 6,156; wom en, 6,038); increase by profes­ sion, 637; net increase, 150; attendance at Sabbath morning service, 28,284; Protestant community, 30,000 (estimated). Sabbath Schools, 191; teachers, 634; pupils, 15,877; contributions, $3,028. Educational Work: Total schools, 196; total teachers, 564; total pupils, 16,547. Central schools: Theological seminary, 1; pupils, 12; Assiut Col­ lege, pupils, 776; other central schools, 26; pupils, 5,572. Total central schools, 28; pupils, 6,360. Out-station schools, 168; pupils, 10,187. Annual Report— The Past Year in India. 21

Medical Work: Hospitals, 2; in-patients, 3,072.

Native Contributions: For Church purposes, $59,307; for educa­ tional work, $119,327; for medical work, $30,472; book receipts, $21,062. Total receipts from native sources, $230,168.

The reports from all parts of the Mis­ sion Field in India come freighted with 2. IN INDIA. the burden of an opportunity. In every part where the mass movement prevails, the missionaries have been laboring strenu­ ously to build the Church from the “mass.” One after another reports the impossibility of extending efforts beyond the care of those already under instruction. Notwithstanding this, the in­ crease on profession of faith is 1464 and the net increase of the Church membership is 2,106 for the year. There has been most encouraging advance along all lines of effort. While the reports are full of thanksgiving to God for His great blessing on the work accomplished, there is running all through them a note of intense longing for resources which will make it possible to embrace the opportunities<-that present them­ selves on every side. Practically all these belonging to the de­ pressed classes may be regarded as candidates for baptism. Thou­ sands of them are clamoring to be taught, and to be taken into the Church. Hindus and Mohammedans, too, have never before shown so deep an interest in the Gospel, and been so open to personal approach. The opportunities for expansion of effort are simply amazing, and the missionary seems almost to stagger under the responsibility of them.

The Report states concerning this phase of the work:

“In most of our districts we have large numbers of Christians, and in those fields the missionaries find it impossible to give more than super­ ficial attention to the great needs of the non-Christians. It seems a trite saying, that ‘the children must first be fed,’ and yet our Lord’s own in­ terpretation of the words would seem to justify our frequently, and per­ haps always, lending an attentive ear to the pleas for consideration and evangelization which come from the other castes, for ‘who knoweth which shall prosper, his or that, or whether both shall be alike good?’ Even when one’s time and strength are wholly applied to the task, only a limited amount of work can be accomplished, and it is hard indeed to leave the Christians in such a weak condition of faith, even to turn to those who have not heard.”

The Report says concerning the attitude of the depressed classes:

“ Practically every Chuhra in this district is now an enquirer, yet the work among this class is far from complete.” 22 Annual Report— The Past Year in India.

And concerning the high castes it says:

“Sometimes the missionary has been rebuked by the non-Christian people for so frequently passing them by, on his way to see the Christians. On one occasion a non-Christian said, ‘Had you first converted us of the upper castes, think how much we could have done to help you, whereas these low caste people are too poor to be of any assistance.’ Thus is God moving the Hindus and Mohammedans to jealousy ‘by a people which are no people.’ ”

Another testimony is as follows:

“A light cannot be hid. Many, secret believers who never come near tjie missionary or worker for fear o f being termed inquirers, are being called Christians by their own people. Their change of heart has told the story even though they are not ready to come out and be baptized.”

The following statement is indicative of the missionary’s ideals for his work:

“Not the convert, but the organized, self-supporting Church, consti­ tutes the finished product of missionary effort, if we may so term it. Hence, though we rejoice in being able to report large numbers of individuals coming to Christ, it is a matter of still greater satisfaction to be able to say that a substantial, though as yet small, proportion of our large Chris­ tian community is enrolled in organized congregations, ministered to by pastors, and constituting parts of a complete system of presbyteries and synod, and that this branch of Christ’s planting in India is itself bear­ ing fruit as a missionary agency supporting its own Home Mission work.”

It is interesting to observe the estimate that non-Christians put upon the work being accomplished:

“A s we sat in a village communion service, we were much interested in a conversation between several Mohammedan and Hindu men. ‘Just look at those women, and even children, sitting quietly— and how the^ all sing! Our women are noisy and do not know how to keep their chil­ dren quiet. Those men are being called up before all, just because they have been gambling and that woman because she has been wearing charms to keep away the evil spirits. In our religion no one ever thinks o f putting away sin like that.’ ” “One day when we visited a village we found the Christian women absent from their homes. On enquiring for them from a Mohammedan neighbor she paid them this tribute: ‘They are always going over their Bible stories.’ One of the Christian women told us that the Mohamme­ dan women laughed at her for reciting Bible stories as she picked cot­ ton.”

There has been growth in the liberality of these poor people to the Church. The following is an interesting instance:

“One man having neither salary nor property and living alone in a village seldom visited by a teacher, gave over forty-five rupees for the year. This is about six months’ income of a day laborer.”

In the educational work the year has been one of great encouragement, advance being made along all lines. The mis­ Annual Report— The Past Year in India. 23

sion has made an earnest review of its educational policies. Some changes have been made to keep the mission educational efforts abreast of the Government advance in education. Is there not a danger that the Church at home may at times think to find relief from the repeated appeals from the field, by limiting her obligations to certain tasks that she sets for herself, such as the payment of certain pledges, or the operation of an every-member canvass, forgetting that with her missionary she must stand always within sight of the ever increasing oppor­ tunity, and within sound of the ever insistent call? Each year this opportunity becomes more inviting, and this call more clamant. It is not the fault of the missionary that this call is not satisfied. Rather is it the result of the success that God has giv­ en the Church in her work abroad. It is not the call of the mis­ sionary; it is the call of God; and the Church must listen. A missionary just beginning his work last year, writes from the first months in his field:

“We can never hope to compass the task with our present force. It is only with great difficulty that we can see once in the year every vil­ lage in which there are Christians, although an extra missionary has been allotted to this district.”

The district from which the' above is written is 25 miles wide, and 45 miles long. One worker, whose salary is $3.33 a month, has an area of over 100 square miles to cover, in order to see the Christians under his care. There should be not less than six or seven workers in that section alone. Such under-manning of our fields brings missionaries con­ stantly face to face with such situations as this:

“ In some parts of the district, the Roman priest has been proselyting from among our Christians. When these who had left us were asked why they had become Roman Catholics, they said, ‘There is no differ­ ence; their teaching is the same as yours.’ When the difference was ex­ plained to them they said, ‘How should we know? You have left us for ten years without any one to teach us.’ ”

Here is a call that is not for the individual missionary, but for the Church:

“A call came to the Pathankot missionaries from a Hindu in a large and remote center in the Himalayan foothills, urging them to come or send some one to preach there. Kathua, our nearest center, is twenty miles from Basoli whence this message had come. It reads as follow s: ‘Dear Sir: You often send Christian preachers to Kathua to teach the people, but no one has ever been sent here. Therefore I request you to send some one, as there is a great need for a Christian preacher. I my­ self will come and help him, and he should come and stay at least a •fortnight, bringing tracts to distribute. There is great need for a preacher to come.’ ” 24 . Annual Report— The Past Year in the Sudan.

And this is no isolated case:

“Near the close of the year we visited a village where we had been told there were inquirers. We were most cordially received and soon had an audience of about seventy-five. Most of them had never before heard about Christ but wanted to be taught. We asked, ‘How many are here who would like to learn?’ One man said, ‘Sixty families.’ Another said, ‘O, there are about a hundred families of us.’ H ow we longed to bring our camp and teach these people! Truly there is a field white for the harvest.”

Surely the Church will hear this as the call of God to a Church mightily endowed for His service. Surely the Church will here see the finger of God pointing to such triumphs pos­ sible for Him as no Church has ever yet realized.

STATISTICS FOR INDIA.

F o reign W o rkers: (January 1, 1914): Ordained, 27; professor, 1; laym an, 1; medical, 4 ; (man, 1; wom en, 3); other unmarried women, 44; wives of missionaries, 28. Total foreign missionaries, 105. Native Workers: Ordained, 38; licentiates, 15; theological students, 16; colporteurs, 5 ; Bible women, 27; Christian teachers, 222; non-Chris­ tian teachers, 205; other workers, 146. Total native force, 674. The Native Church: Synod, 1; presbyteries, 4 ; organized congre­ gations, 54; unorganized circles, 102; self-supporting congregations, 29; with pastors, 30. Membership, 31,631; increase by profession, 1.464; by certificate and restoration, 3,976; decrease by death, 431; removal and suspension, 2,903; net increase, 2,106; adult baptisms, 1,163; infant baptisms, 1,483. Total Christian community, 58,034. Educational Work: Theological Seminary, 1; pupils, 17; college, 1; pupils, 166; high schools, 4 ; pupils, 3,404; industrial schools, 2 ; pupils, 221; middle schools, 7; pupils, 1,812; primary schools, 187; pupils, 5,997. T o ta l schools, 202; total pupils, 11,617. Medical Work: Hospitals, 4 ; dispensaries, 7; in-patients, 1420; fees, $1,286. Native Contributions: For Church work, $5,145; school work, $24,- 776; medical work, $1,286; books, $413. Total amount, $31,620.

The past year for the Sudan has been a year of mingled lights and shadows. 3. IN THE SUDAN. Among the rays of light we report the fol­ lowing ; The first convert has been baptised in our Southern Sudan Mission Field. This event comes after thir­ teen years of self-sacrificing toil and calls for deep gratitude to God.

“It was very fitting that Dr. J. Kelly Giffen should baptize Nyidok, for it was he, who in connection with Dr. H. T. McLaughlin, began the work on the Sobat thirteen years ago. At one time Nyidok leaned much toward Mohammedanism and was very generally known by the Arabic Amimi Report— The Past Year in thè Sudan. 25 name ‘Abdulla,’ but he requested that his Shulla name be used in the baptismal service as a bond to his own people. T he service was very impressive and was witnessed by all the missionaries, who had gathered for the annual meeting of Association, and by thirty-five natives. He has so far not had to bear open opposition, as the Shullas have not sought to propagate their religion by force, but he has many subtle temptations yet to meet. We trust that strength may be given to him to live the Christ-life among his people.”

Progress has been made in preparing literature for the peo­ ple. Recognizing the need of sacred literature, the missionaries have been striving to make translations which would serve the people. Some success in this enterprise has been achieved as the following shows:

“Half the Gospel of John has been revised and thus its usefulness has been increased. Four of the Psalms have been translated and set to music and are used in the church services at Doleib Hill. Another Psalm has been set to music but not yet learned by the people and still two others have been translated. The people are fond of music. The little boys especially are very ready to sing and often remain after service to practice. The favorite Psalm is the twenty-third.”

The workers have shown marked heroism in the midst of disappointment and hardship. Their fidelity and courage has been beautiful and inspiring, and one of the greatest assets of the Mission. We might point to numberless instances of this, where not only men, but the women also, have met trying con­ ditions in a Christ-like spirit. We gratefully recognize the deep sacrifice which has been made again and again throughout the year by the devoted workers on the field. There has been advance in the work of the Schools and in the Boys’ Home. We note an increase in the number of Mo­ hammedan children who are coming into touch with the influence of the schools. This is a sign of progress as it widens the field of our activities. In regard to the Girls’ School at Haifa, we have reason to be encouraged. The number of pupils has almost doubled. A competent teacher is in charge. The girls are learn­ ing the useful lessons of life, being taught plain sewing along with the principles of Christianity. The Girls’ Boarding School at Khartum also reports encouraging features.

“More girls are coming to us than ever before and that without our going out to gather them up. We feel safe in saying that, had we the room, equipment and workers, we could enroll twice our number next year. This year we have been forced to turn some away and would have had to send many more away had we not employed a fifth teacher.”

The work of the Boys’ Home is reported in the following w ords:

“During the year forty-seven boys have come under the influence of this home, some have gone out from it but the end of the year finds thirty-four in the home, six-sevenths of whom are Moslems and are al­ 26 Annual Report— The Past Year in the Sudan.

most entirely free boarders. This year several have had to be refused admittance because there are now more in the home than the appropria­ tion will c >ver.”

The industrial work has shown encouraging features, al­ though it has not been possible to carry this on as rapidly as it might have been. There is a deep desire that this work may receive the further impetus in the near future. The loss which this department of the work has sustained in the death of Mr. Tidrick is very great. The medical work still reveals its importance. The last year has but emphasized the need of a physician for the Sudan. The gratitude of the natives for medical service is shown in the fol­ lowing :

“A Nuer boy named Pok came to me while I was at Doleib Hill wait­ ing to go to Nasser. He wished some medicine for the sickness which was sapping his life. The medicine was expensive. I asked him, ‘How will you pay me for this?’ ‘When you go to Nasser I will give you an ox,’ he said. I agreed, though hardly expecting him to keep his word. I gave him food and a little money as he was far from his home. “In due time I went to Nasser, but in the meantime he had partially recovered from his sickness and had helped me on several occasions at considerable inconvenience to himself. I had determined not to charge him anything. He brought me an ox one day. ‘N o,’ I said, ‘my heart is satisfied and I do not want it.’ He went away and talked to his father and then came back and said, ‘No, you must take it because I promised.’ I learned afterwards that it was the only thing the young man had and he had prized it so much that he had been nicknamed ‘Red Ox’ instead of his ordinary name ‘Ashes.’ Two months later I found occasion to give him a small ox, but he had not expected it, and I think I can say that he gave his all that he might be made whole.”

There have been some marked shadows resting upon the work of the year. Among these the following: There has been a distressing financial situation in the coun­ try. This has caused much suffering and in some respects has retarded the work. We have been, however, in some instances, able to relieve the suffering caused by this condition.

“The rains during the last season almost failed in many parts of the Sudan and in other parts were quite insufficient to mature a crop of the grain of the country, consequently there is much suffering among the people owing to the high price of grain. The present price is just three times the ordinary price. Thousands of the poorer classes are without work. The Government has only recently imported from India a quan­ tity of grain but up to the present time this is being sold at reduced prices only to the Sudanese employed in Government service. Many bankruptcies have occurred during the year among the merchants. How­ ever, since the beginning of 1914 there seems to be a slight improvement in business.” There has been appalling inadequacy in our effort and equip­ ment. The need has become even more clear and our efforts have not kept pace with it. It is this which casts a shadow over the heart of every worker on the field. Annual Report— The Past Year in America. 27

The lights and the shadows, therefore, as they have ap­ peared during the year, have pointed to the coming of the dawn when Jesus Christ shall be known and loved in the Sudan.

STATISTICS FOR THE SUDAN. F o reign W orkers: (January 1, 1914): Ordained, 4 ; medical (men), 2; laymen, 2; wives of missionaries, 8; women missionaries, unmar­ ried, 3. Total foreign missionaries, 19. Northern Sudan: Organized Congregation, 1; preaching stations, 12; native workers, ordained, 2 ; communicants, 176; day schools, 6; pupils, 546; fees, $1,427; medical treatments, 1,852. Southern Sudan: Medical treatments, 5,775. Native Contributions: For Church purposes, $2,332; educational work, $1,427; medical work, $349. Total receipts from native sources, $4,108.

The double task of the Board’s culti­ vation of the Home Church and of the 4. IN AMERICA. administration of the work abroad calls for the special mention of the following activities : (a) Deputation to Colleges: During the month of Febru­ ary, a group of missionaries including Miss Fannie Martin, of India; Dr. J. Kelly G'iffen, of the Sudan; Rev. W. B. Anderson, of India, and Dr. Milford E. Barnes, accompanied by Rev. Paul McClanahan, visited Monmouth, Tarkio, Muskingum and West­ minster Colleges. The purpose of this was the presentation of the call to service as it is represented by the need of surrendered life in our work. At the various institutions meetings were held with students and leaders in the religious life, together with personal interviews with a large number of young people. In all the institutions visited there were abundant evidences of the deep interest of young people in the foreign work, and an earn­ est desire to know God’s plan for their lives. Throughout the institutions there was observed the impress which was left by the Kansas City Student Volunteer Convention. The general outlook for volunteers throughout these institutions is good. ( b) Sabbath Schools: Following the action of the Gen­ eral Assembly, the months of April, May and June were desig­ nated as the Foreign Mission Quarter in the Sabbath-school. The gifts of the Sabbath-schools during this quarter are therefore to be devoted to the foreign wôrk. The Board authorized the presentation of needs of the • Sudan, with a special appeal for funds for the purchase of a boat to be used in the Sudan. It has been stated that $15,874, the average annual contribution to the regular fund during the past five years, will be first deducted for the Board’s regular work in the Sudan, and that the balance will then be assigned to the purchase of a boat. 28 Annual Report— The Past Year in America,

To arouse interest in this work, the plan of “ The Sudan Expedition" was prepared. This included a trip to the Sudan by every school using the plan. This trip was taken by means of programs and charts. Each scholar was presented with a steamer ticket. More than fifty thousand of these tickets were called for and more than three hundred schools were represented. There have been a great many testimonials offered by super­ intendents to the effect that the plan is being found helpful in the school. One pastor in writing for more tickets for his school gave this testimony;

“We are taking the trip and so many more scholars have been added to our school since ordering the first supply, we will need at least twenty more tickets. Our offerings were almost doubled since we began the trip. I think we are going to have a part in that boat.”

It is earnestly hoped that a greater number of schools will join in the plan of cultivation for next year. (c) Mission Study: During the year the work of Mission Study has been presented to the young people of the Church. Mr. W. W. Cleland, who in the past has had charge of this de­ partment of the work, has been temporarily absent from the office, engaged in special duty. This has made it impossible to present the work with the aggressiveness which it deserved. There has been prepared, however, during the year, a Mission Study Diploma which is given to all classes finishing a course in one of the Mission Study books. There have been held 155 Mis­ sion Study classes, with an enrollment of 1,240. As some of these classes are still in progress, a complete report as yet is not possible. A great stimulus to this work has been furnished by the summer conferences, especially by the Tarkio and New Wil­ mington Conferences, which lay special emphasis on mission study. Many of our most aggressive class leaders have received their inspiration and their training in these conferences. We are also glad to note the increasing interest in the promotion of Mission Study on the part of pastors throughout the Church. ( d) The Pastor’s Cablegram: During the year the Board has issued, at intervals, a four-page leaflet called “The Pastor’s Cablegram,” edited by Mr. McClanahan. It has been desired that this should be considered by pastors as a sort of personal message regarding the work on the foreign £eld and the cultivation of the home church. It is intended to present facts and illustrations which will be of service exclusively to pastors in their work. It has been a great encouragement to receive a large number of let­ ters expressing appreciation of this plan. It is expected that the messages will be continued in the coming year as occasion shall call for them. Annual Report— The Past Year in America. 29

( e) Annual Report: A volume of 328 pages has been issued as the Annual Report of the foreign work of our Church. No effort is spared to make this volume complete and helpful. It con­ tains both a general and a minute study of the year’s work, to­ gether with a full financial statement.- The volume for the past year contains a special report of the findings of the General Con­ ference of the American Mission held in Schütz, Egypt, in which Conference there were discussed the present-day missionary con­ ditions, methods, and needs for Egypt. During the year we have sent out 1,900 copies of the Annual Report. These reports are sent free, in limited numbers, to pas­ tors and members of the Church. (/) Foreign Mission Handbook: For several years there was felt a need for some special report of the work suitable for general distribution throughout the Church. Two things pre­ vented the use of the Annual Report in this way. The first of these was the necessary expense of printing these larger volumes in sufficient numbers; the second was the fact that the Annual Report necessarily contained much which was technical, and not fitted to general use in a popular way. For this reason there has been published what is known as the “Handbook on Foreign Missions.” This book is designed to give a general view of the work for the year and to present it in a form which would be popular, the book being of such a size that it can be used quite freely in the cultivation of missionary intelligence and information. It is offered free of charge to the extent of one copy for every seven of the membership in a congregation, providing pastors and mis­ sionary leaders give assurance of effective and wise distribution. Additional copies are sent throughout the Church upon receipt of the cost of printing. During the past year we have sent out to the Church 13650 copies of the Handbook. We note an increasing interest in this book. A large number of young people throughout the Church are taking up the book in a systematic review and study. Much material which is suited to Sabbath Schools and Young People’s Societies and Missionary organizations will be found in the Hand­ book. Congregations are urged to make full use of this. (g) Interdenominational Activities: During the past year Mr. Innes and Mr. McClanahan were invited by the Laymen’s Movement to have a part in the advancement of the work of the United Missionary Campaign in its task of presenting modern methods of missionary education and finance. They were also able to devote some time to this work and participated in a number o f Conferences which were held in Ohio, Indiana and West Vir­ ginia. 30 Annual Report— The Past Year in America.

As a member of the Continuation Committee the Correspond­ ing Secretary also participated in the meeting of that Committee which was held in The Hague, November 14-20, 1913, the ex­ penses of this journey being carried by the Committee itself. A number of important interviews in London were thus made pos­ sible, having to do with some important problems connected with the Sudan Mission in its relation to the Government, and also the Cairo University proposal in its relation to British Societies operating in Egypt. (/t) Administrative Force'. For several years the Board’s work has required the full time and strength of two men. Realiz­ ing‘that only as relief would be given through additional secre­ tarial assistance, would the Board be able to promote the Cairo University project, the Atlanta Assembly authorized the Board to make such arrangements for carrying on its regular work, as would permit the Corresponding Secretary to give largely of his time to the work of promoting the interests of the Cairo Christian University project. Accordingly the Board invited into its service the Rev. Paul H. McClanahan, of Chicago, to serve as Associate Secretary. He assumed the duties of his office in September, 1913. Through his untiring devotion to his new work and the sympathy accorded him by the Church as he approached it in this new rela­ tionship, Mr. McClanahan was able to assume such a share in the administrative duties of the Board as to make it possible for the Corresponding Secretary to devote himself for part of the year and for Mr. George Innes to devote himself during another por­ tion of the year, to the task of forwarding the University plans. What has been accomplished along these lines is reported in a later section of this report. Toward the close of the year Mr. Innes, who for some three years has occupied the position of an Associate Secretary of the Board, and who for some time past has been serving the Board without salary, asked the Board to release him from the position and duties of his office. With great reluctance the Board finally acquiesced in his request inasmuch as Mr. Innes desired that someone else should be appointed to this office, so that he might be relieved from many technical duties belonging to this position, and inasmuch as Mr. Innés also felt that even without this official connection he could continue to serve the interests of the foreign work of our Church in a vital way. After a very careful con­ sideration of the whole matter the Board then selected the Rev. W. B. Anderson to fill the position made vacant b’y Mr. Innes’ resignation. It will be remembered that Mr. Anderson went out to India under regular missionary appointment in 1897. For two years, from 1908 to 1910, he served the Board in America as As­ sociate Secretary, but when health seemed to be sufficiently re­ stored he went back to India to resume his work as a missionary on the field. The climate of India again undermined his health Annual Report— The Cairo Christian University. 31 and seemed to make necessary a permanent withdrawal from active service. Before he became finally committed to other work that was inviting his services, the Board succeeded in securing his consideration and finally his acceptance of the Board’s invitation that he become Associate Secretary succeeding Mr. Innes. The Board wishes to take this opportunity to record its appreciation of Mr. Innes’ services during the three years that he has served as Secretary to the Board. As many know, he came into this work, turning aside from a business career that was alluring and full of promise. He did this in obedience to providences and a sense of Divine guidance that seemed to lay upon him an inexorable obligation to give time and strength to the cause of world-wide missions. Mr. Innes’s earnest presenta­ tions of the missionary cause in our Church have won for him, as for the interests he presented, a wide circle of friends. His re­ sourcefulness has suggested many developments in methods of work which have proved their worth in the direction both of greater efficiency and of enlarged effort. Mr. Innes has also rallied to the cause many business men of ability to whom he was able as a business man to make a peculiar appeal. Neither have the serv­ ices rendered by him been limited to United Presbyterian circles, for in the wider circle of interdenominational activities he has been also a conspicuous leader. The Board earnestly hopes and also confidently believes that in the coming years, even though Mr. Innes is no longer to be officially connected with the Board as Secretary, his devotion and his gifts will continue to be available for vital co-operation in the Church’s foreign missionary work.

The Board presented to the last General 5. THE CAIRO Assembly a full account of the steps that CHRISTIAN had led up, through no less than fifteen UNIVERSITY. years, to the proposal for the establishment of a great Christian University at Cairo, the intellectual center of Islam. The Board outlined to the Gen­ eral Assembly the general character of the proposed university and requested of the Assembly an endorsement of the proposal and authority to proceed to the securing of a charter and to the launching of this undertaking. The Assembly heartily endorsed the request of the Board. As stated at that time the very char­ acter and functions of this institution required that it should sustain interdenominational relationships. During the past year a large amount of time has been given to working out details of organization and to effecting contracts with those who might co-operate in the launching of this enter­ prise. The Corresponding Secretary had been authorized to push on to Egypt immediately after the meeting of the Continuation Committee which topk him to Holland, When he found it im­ 32 Annual Report— The Cairo Christian University.. possible to fulfill this commission the Associate Secretary, Mr. Innes, was asked to visit Egypt for the purpose of caring for a number of extremely important matters related to the University project. Twelve persons have already consented to serve as members of the Board of Trustees of the proposed University. Pending the securing of a charter they have effected temporary and partial organization by correspondence, appointing Mr. George M. Paden, of Pittsburgh, Treasurer. The twelve perosns already named as Trustees are the following: M. G. Kyle, D.D., LL.D., Fred. O. Shane, Esq., George Innes, Esq., Charles R. Watson, D.D., of Philadelphia; Ralph W. Harbi- son, Esq., J. K. McClurkin, D.D., George M. Paden, Esq., of Pittsburgh; E. E. Olcott, Esq., of New York City; Henry Wal­ lace, LL.D., of Des Moines, Iowa; George L. Robinson, D.D., LL.D., of Chicago, 111.; Harlan P. Beach, LL.D., of Yale Uni­ versity, New Haven, Conn.; W. Bancroft Hill, D.D., of Pough­ keepsie, N. Y. Nine others are yet to be added. A Pittsburgh Committee of business men was also appointed to serve as a Promoting Committee. Mr. Innes and also the Corresponding Secretary were in constant touch with these men in their plans and efforts. The devoted efforts of this Promoting Committee deserve the highest praise. It was thought wise to postpone the public presentation of this University proposal until after the Every-Member Canvass activities of March were com­ pleted, so that this interesting missionary enterprise might not in any way draw off contributions from the regular funds. Fur­ thermore, it was thought best not to make the initial presentation of this undertaking to a wide and scattered constituency through­ out the entire country by means of the public press or through printed literature, but rather to limit the initial presentation to a single city, so that the ground might not be burned over, but on the contrary the best results might be obtained by intensive cultivation. Space forbids a recital of all the steps which led up to the presentation of this University proposal to a large and representative company of Pittsburgh’s leading business men. Suffice to say that as a result of these efforts some $175,000 have already been pledged. Special mention should be made of the very important co-operation in this effort given by Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, of Egypt, who, in a most self-sacrificing way and at much personal inconvenience, postponed for several weeks his return to his home and to his worlc in Egypt that he might help in launching this enterprise. Also special mention should be made of Dr. John R. Mott, whose masterly public presentation of the opportunity which the Cairo University presents for in­ fluencing strategically the whole missionary situation in the Mos­ lem world, was the chief feature of the public gathering already referred to. Annual Report- -The Ca\^(£Xti

While the task of planning foK A^ ¡gcttsj^i^piegefitation to the Christian public of this great undertaking ■hSsoccupied much thought, and while the working out of the educational fea­ tures of the proposed University has also been a subject of much study, there was no one phase of the whole proposal to which those promoting this enterprise have given more time or more careful thought than to the guaranteeing of the Christian char­ acter of the institution. It will be a deep satisfaction not only to members of our own Church, but to Christian people everywhere, to know with what care this matter is being guarded. In the first place, the name proposed for the University is to carry the desig­ nation of Christian. Furthermore, the Trustees have all been selected with special recognition of their earnest Christian char­ acter. While representing through their individual Church con­ nections four different denominations, they all represent a warm­ hearted type of evangelical Christianity. It has also been planned that in the charter, it shall be required that the majority of the members of the Board of Trustees shall have their election to membership confirmed by Foreign Mission Boards (our own, of course being one) of Churches which operate within the area of the Moslem world to which this institution is to minister. How­ ever secure this anchorage of its Christian character may be in so far as property control and administration are concerned, two most important factors must not be overlooked, which are not a part of charter definition, but which have to do rather with the spirit of the institution once it is under way. These two factors de­ termine most vitally the Christian character of any such institution, namely,— that the institution shall have well-developed Christian student activities and influences constantly at work, and that the institution shall fix its Christian character both early and per­ manently by bending its educational activities to the great task of Christian Missions,— the promulgation of Christian truth. With the comparatively limited agencies which have been available for the promotion of this undertaking and the limited time and strength that could be given to it, and considering the’ immensity of the undertaking, the progress made during the past year may well be regarded as truly wonderful. Those who have been engaged in this effort desire to bear testimony to the fact that throughout the year God seems to have led in a wonderful way, opening doors where no hope of entrance seemed to exist, raising up friends for this enterprise in the most unexpected quarters, creating in the min^s of men an attitude of sympathy which cannot be explained apart from a recognition that this is God’s work, and constantly suggesting new ways in which this institution wotild become serviceable to the great missionary enterprise. The atmosphere of prayer has been the atmosphere in which the plans of the past vear were formulated and in which they were also carried forward to execution. 34 Annual Report— The Cairo Christian University.

However, it is well to recognize that hitherto only the barest beginning has b£en made. The stage of preliminary organization has indeed been completed, but there remains a three-fold task of overwhelming difficulty: the securing of the funds necessary, the calling forth of the consecrated life that must be built into this educational enterprise, and finally the actual establishment of the institution in Egypt. Only by drawing upon Divine resources of wisdom and power can this undertaking be carried forward to a successful completion. In this educational and missionary venture the force of the familiar truth that “Only God can do God’s Work” is appreciated. If this Christian University is God’s work, as we have been led by the consecrated judgment of His servants and by the providences of a decade and a half to believe that it is, then God Himself must carry the undertaking through to a successful issue. There are many details concerning the plans for the institu­ tion that are full of interest, such as the methods by which this institution will become correlated with missionary work on the field through its local Board of Managers in Egypt, but for these and many other features of the work there is not room in this report. A copy of the preliminary prospectus of the University accompanies the Board’s Report. It is manifestly an imperative necessity that the University project, which has just been launched, shall be promoted without interruption during the coming year. To make it possible for the Corresponding Secretary of the Foreign Board to give quite largely of his time to this work during the coming year, without involving the Board in additional expense and without severing his connection with the Board, a group of business men who are interested in the foreign mission work of the Church, generally and particularly in the promotion of this University proposition, have generously offered to carry the entire salary expense of the Corresponding Secretary. The major portion of the administra­ tive duties of the regular work will therefore be carried during the coming year by the Associate Secretaries of the Board, the Reverends Paul H. McClanahan and W. B. Anderson. It is the judgment of the Board that as these two men will be compelled to assume both the expenses and the burdens that have been carried by the Corresponding Secretary and his Associate, it will be no more than equitable that the combined salaries of the two positions shall also be equally divided between them. Annual Report— With Our Missionaries. 35

Just as the Board was in the preparation 6 WITH OUR R ePort to Assembly, a cablegram MISSIONARIES was received from the Sudan, announcing ‘ the death of R. W. Tidrick, through in­ juries received in some encounter with a lion. Full details concerning this unfortunate accident will doubt­ less be at hand before the meeting of the General Assembly, but have not come to hand in time for this printed report. In behalf of the bereaved widow in this country, of the three orphaned children, of the sorrowing parents, and of the circle olf relatives, the Church’s sympathy will go out in most earnest prayer. Nor should we forget the overwhelming loss to our Mis­ sion in the Sudan, whose ranks already so slender and weak, are now broken still further through the death of this missionary, who held an almost pivotal position in the industrial work of that field. Mr. Tidrick was a man whose outstanding quality was his manliness. This quality shone out during his college days and in his college environment, where every one in Tarkio recognized his manly leadership. He was also a man of deep spiritual life. There was nothing weak or purely emotional about him. His spiritual life manifested itself in an unwavering devotion to duty and in an unswerving loyalty to his Lord and to His Great Commission. During the past year Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, now con­ nected with our Mission in Egypt— although his name is main­ tained also on the list of the Reformed Church of America under whose auspices he first went out to Arabia,— spent several months in America serving, various missionary interests with which he is connected. The expenses of his coming to America and return to the field were borne by the Student Volunteer Movement, which took the initiative in bringing him to America, that he might serve the program of their great Quadrennial Convention at Kansas City. On September 26th, 1913, Miss Kate A. Corbett died in Gurdaspur, India. Her homegoing was marked by a quiet and a peace that are full of inspiration. She had given to India twenty-seven years of untiring service. Eighteen of these were spent in district work, where her love for India’s outcastes gave her an abundant entrance into the hearts of the people. During the later years of her life, she gave herself to educational work, but with the same evangelistic motive. She had a very special concern for the establishment of primary schools to reach the girlhood of India’s villages. A fuller account of her life and work appears in the India Mission’s Report. Those who have sailed to the foreign field since the Board’s last Report to the Assembly are: 36 Annual Report— With Our Missionaries.

Returning Missionaries: Miss Alda B. Atchison, to Egypt. Rev. E. E. Campbell, to India. Miss Anna B. Criswell, to Egypt. Rev. David R. Gordon, to India. Miss Mary Kyle, to India. Miss Emma M. Mlnger, to India. Rev. J. A. McArthur and Mrs. McArthur, to India. Miss Anna M. McConaughy, to Egypt. Rev. J. A . McConnelee, to India. Rev. H. S. Nesbitt and Mrs. Nesbitt, to India. Rev. W. H. Reed and Mrs. Reed, to Egypt. Mr. R. W. Tidrick, to the Sudan. Miss Laura B. Walker, to Egypt. Rev. S. A. Work and Mrs. Work, to Egypt.

New Missionaries:

Rev. J. Willard Acheson and Mrs. Acheson, to Egypt. Miss Mary E. Baird, to Egypt. Miss Ella B. Downie, to Egypt. Miss Bessie Fleming, to India. Miss Margaret J. Fehlman, to India. Rev. Dalton Galloway and Mrs. Galloway, to Egypt. Miss May Holland, to Egypt. Prof. William H. Merriam and Mrs. Merriam, to India. Prof. C. A. Owen and Mrs. Owen, to Egypt. Miss Sadie Thompson, to Egypt. Miss Ruth Warnock, to India. Miss Ida Whiteside, to Egypt. Miss Ethel W. Wilson, to India.

Missionaries arriving in America 1913-1914:

Rev. W . B. Anderson, of India. Miss Emma Dean Anderson, of India. Mr. and Mrs. Charles S. Bell, of Egypt. Miss Carrie M. Buchanan, of Egypt. Rev. J. G. Campbell and Mrs. Campbell, of India. Rev. A. B. Caldwell and Mrs. Caldwell, of India. Miss A. L. Corkey, of Egypt. Miss Henrietta Cowden, of India. Rev. Osborne Crowe and Mrs. Crowe, of India. Dr. H. L. Finley and Mrs. Finley, of Egypt. Mr. F. S. Hoyman and Mrs. Hoyman, of Egypt. Miss Eula McClenahan, of Egypt. Miss Aulora McIntyre, of the Sudan. Rev. D. S. Oyler and Mrs. Oyler, of the Sudan. Miss Jane E. Martin, of India. Rev. Andrew Watson and Mrs. Watson, of Egypt.

Those returning to the field in the fall of the present year after furlough are:

Dr. M. M. Brown and Mrs. Brown, of India. Miss Lena S. Brotherston, of India. Miss Carrie M. Buchanan, of Egypt. Annual Report— Our Finances. 37

Miss Hazel Bennett, of India. Rev. J. G. Campbell and Mrs. Campbell, of India. Miss Minnehaha Finney, of Egypt. Rev. J. Kelley Giffen and Mrs. Giffen, of the Sudan. Mr. C. B. Guthrie and Mrs. Guthrie, of the Sudan. Miss Nancy A. Hadley, of India. Rev. F. D. Henderson and Mrs. Henderson, of Egypt. Rev. J. Kruidenier and Mrs. Kruidenier, of Egypt. Miss Fannie C. Martin, of India. Miss Jean Morrison, of India. Miss Carol McMillan, of Egypt. Prof. C. P. Russell and Mrs. Russell, of Egypt. Miss Dorcas Teas, of Egypt. Rev. A. A. Thompson and Mrs. Thompson, of Egypt.

The budget upon which the Board de­ termined for the year 1913-1914, in the 7. OUR FINANCES, administration of work supported by what are called the regular funds, made neces­ sary a total income for the year of $308,234. As against this budget, the Board received from all sources applicable to this work, $263,962. Allowing for economies effected during the year in certain lines of expenditures, the final result was that the Board closed the year with a shortage in its regular budget amounting to $32,941. To this must be added $16,440 of an old debt carried over from past years, so that the total indebtedness at the close of the year is $49,381. As to the financial record, several facts are worth empha­ sizing: (a) The total amount received for the regular work was $10,132 less than that received the preceding year, (b) The falling off in the Board’s receipts was therefore to be found chiefly under the heading of the regular congregational offerings. Where 40 per cent, of a total expectancy of $626,886 (reported by the Ways and Means Committee a year ago) was relied upon, or $250,754, only $222,070 was received, (c) The Board’s in­ debtedness is greater by $10,684 than a year ago. But it is still $17,394 less than two years ago. (d) The Board’s budget during the past year was by no means one providing for marked advances. On the contrary, practically the only advance allowed was that of sending out four new men, one of whom was to fill a vacancy. Apart from this, the Board merely sought the maintenance of the work on the field on its former basis without expansion. It did not believe that the Church would have it do less than that, even in the face of a limitation of its resources, (e) Even though there appears this falling off in the contribu­ tions which come through the regular congregational channels, the interest of the Church in the foreign missionary enterprise has expressed itself in ways which show undiminished devotion to the progress of this work. 38 Annual Report— Our Finances.

During the year the following funds have been established: The John Bell Memorial Fund. Being an annuity donation of $4,000.00 paid to our Board by Mr. John Bell, late of Fer- gusonville, New York, subject to a life annuity to him, and on his death, on April 18th, 1913, this became the principal of “The John Bell Memorial Fund,” the income to be used for the education of a native ministry in India.

The Joseph A. Curry Memorial Fund. Being an annuity donation of One Thousand Dollars paid to our Board by Mrs. S. E. C. Wilson, of Philadelphia, Pa., subject to a life annuity to her; and when released this amount is to be devoted to the Girls’ College at Cairo, or if conditions make this impracticable, to such other educational institutions under the care of the Foreign Board in Egypt as the Foreign Board may deem wise.

The Mrs. Martha J. McGinniss Memorial Fund. Principal $325.00. Donated by Mrs. Luther Johnson. This amount to be invested and the income used during the lifetime of Mrs. John­ son for educating a girl in India. After the death of Mrs. Johnson the income of the fund to merge for general educational work.

The Alexander H. McArthur Fund. Principal $1,000.00. Donated by Mrs. Alexander H. McArthur, Billingsville, Missouri. The principal to be invested and the income used perpetually in the work of the Board as it deems best.

The Rev. James Price, D.D. Memorial Fund. Principal $950.00. From the estate of Rev. James Price, D.D., deceased, as an endowment, the principal to be invested and the income used in the work of the Board.

The Rev. John M. Adair Memorial Fund. Principal $2,- 878.15. From the estate of Rev. John M. Adair, deceased. The principal to be invested and the income used for work in India, preferably for educating one or more boys or girls in India.

The John and Ann Jane Craig Memorial Fund. Principal $1,050.00. Donated by Mrs. M argaret H. Cleland, Baltimore, Maryland. The principal to be invested and the income used in endowing a bed in Assiut Hospital,'Assiut, Egypt’.

The David M. Ure Memorial. Principal $950.00. Being a bequest from the estate of Mrs. Frances M. Ure, deceased, to be added to a certain bequest to be received under the will of her husband, the late Rev. David M. Ure, D.D., to be an endowment for Assiut College, Egypt. Annual Report— Estimates and Appropriations. 39

The record of the receipts on Appropriations, as reported by the Treasurer of the Board, Mr. Robert L,. Latimer, is as follows :

SCHEDULE A. Receipts on Appropriation. Presbyteries ...... $210,104 20 Sabbath Schools ...... 7,650 74 Individuals ...... 12,119 68 Young People’s Societies ...... 4,325 51 B eq u ests ...... 6,989 22 Anticipated Bequest ...... 10,000 00 Ladies’ Missionari' Societies ...... 96 00 Interest...... 1,916 18 Endowed Funds Income ...... 1,895 42 Miscellaneous Funds ...... 8,865 43 Total on Appropriation ...... $263,962 38

H— THE NEW YEAR. For the purpose of setting forth as 1. ESTIMATES clearly as possible the pressing needs of AND the work of our three Missions, the Boarcl APPROPRIATIONS, has made out a tentative budget "for the mere maintenance of the work upon its present basis. That budget is as follows:

E gypt ...... $168,092 India ...... 138,185 Sudan ...... 39,194 Salaries (Two Associate Secretaries, $5,000; Treasurer, $500) ...... '...... 5,500 Clerical Expenses ...... 4,715 Printing ...... 3,150 Office and General Expenses ...... 8,465 Emergency ...... 5,000 Interest ...... 4,000

$376,301 Current Work Women’s Board ...... 86,503

Current Work of Foreign Board ...... $289,798

In explanation of this budget, several questions require to be asked and answered: (a) What does this minimum budget contemplate ? It merely maintains the work on the basis of the past year. To give less would be to actually call for the withdrawal of missionaries now under appointment or the dismissal of native workers now em­ ployed. It does provide for the new missionaries sent out last fall, but no increased appropriation is made for that large work carried on by native workers. 40 Annual Report— Estimates and Appropriations.

( b) Why is this minimum budget unsatisfactory? It does nothing to grant a single dollar of the advances which our three Missions ask for to meet the claims of a growing work. The estimates of our three Missions call for $63,708 of an advance in the appropriations to evangelistic, educational and medical work. The Church can scarcely realize the care with which the Mis­ sions study these estimates. It is not possible, because of the detailed and technical character of these financial statements, to present them to the Assembly. But the Assembly may well imagine the force and power of these appeals for advance when it is explained that every advance asked for is carefully itemized and conclusive arguments are presented in behalf of these needs. Furthermore the needs presented express the Missions’ conserva­ tive judgment of only such advances as the immediate opportunity imperatively calls for. They do not, in any sense, reach out to those wider needs which are involved in a complete occupation of the held. In addition to this, every estimate presented bears not only the scrutiny of individual missionaries and committees, but receives finally the endorsement of the entire Mission. Ap­ peals that are made with such care and upon such authority, are difficult to resist. (c) Unsatisfactory as it is, how does the minimum budget compare with the receipts of the past year? Assuming that the Women’s Board can carry the $86,503 of their part of this budget, there will be required in the receipts of the Foreign Board for 1914-1915, an advance of $25,798 over the receipts of 1913-1914. Can this be expected? If so, on the basis of what percentage of the undesignated funds being assigned to the foreign work? (d) But further, how shall provision be made for the deficit of $49,000, which is the total shortage existing at the close of the year and which is not included in the foregoing budget? Last year material reduction was made in the debt. This last year the debt has increased again to the figure of $49,000. The question then arises: Shall an effort be made to pay it off entirely or in part this coming year, or shall it be carried over until some future time. (e) How shall provision be made for the new missionaries under appointment? The minimum budget given above makes no provision for them. The names of these new missionaries are submitted in a separate section. For years the Lord has directed these young lives in a pathway that seemed to be leading them to the foreign field. The Board examined into their quali­ fications and has recommended them to the Assembly for appoint­ ment. How will the $17,167 required for their outgoing be pro­ vided ? These are some of the questions which bring perplexity because of the shortage of funds. Annual Report— Appointment of Missionaries. 41

The Board desires to call the attention 2. PERMANENT of the General Assembly and the Church to EQUIPMENT the increasing demand of its Missions for NEEDS. permanent equipment. As is known, the Missions made out a conservative state­ ment of their permanent property needs at the time of the Church’s Semi-Centennial Anniversary. The total amount ap­ pealed for at that time was $-713,50 . But as will be recalled, the amount that was raised to meet these needs did not reach more than one-tenth of this amount; consequently, these needs have not only persisted, but have be­ come more acute. As has been pointed out before, the budget of the Board is so wholly taken up with ministering to current work that practically no portion of it at all has been devoted to providing for permanent property needs. The estimates received from India call for no less than $98,336; while from Egypt and the Sudan there come up appeals for special institutions whose total would aggregate a considerably larger amount. There ap­ pears to be an urgent necessity for some movement which will care for these special equipment needs, or else for a special board or commission which may correspond to the Board of Church Extension in the home land, in its ministry to property needs in the foreign field.

The names of the following persons have 3. APPOINTMENT been approved by the Women’s Board and OF are submitted to the General Assembly MISSIONARIES. for appointment as missionaries to their respective fields:

Miss Ruth Margaret Eddy. Miss Davida M. Finney. Miss Irene Glasgow. Miss Jane E. Shay.

The Assembly is also asked to confirm the appointments of Miss Margaret Fehlman, Miss Bessie Fleming, and Miss Ethel M. Wilson, whose appointments by the Women’s Board and the Foreign Board were passed on subsequent to the meeting of the last General Assembly. The Board would also request the con­ firmation of the appointment of Miss Eleanor M. Maconachie, who went out in 1911, but confirmation of her appointment by the Assembly was overlooked at that time. The Board also submits the names of the following persons for missionary appointment :

Rev. J. H. Colvin, to India. Rev. E. E. Elder, to Egypt. Rev. W. Guy Hamilton and Miss Anna Jamieson, to Egypt. Dr. Frank McClanahan. Rev. W. L. Porter and Mrs. Porter, to India. Dr. A. C. Zaiser and Mrs. Zaiser, to Egypt. 42 Annual Report— Missionary and Efficiency Committee.

For the purpose of increasing efficiency 4. INCREASE OF in the work of the Board by having a MEMBERSHIP greater number of members who may OF BOARD. serve upon its committees, as also to bring the membership and constitution of the Board into greater alinement with the existing laws of the State of Pennsylvania, which require that a majority of the members of a Board shall be laymen, the Board requests the General As­ sembly to authorize the enlargement of the Board by the addition of two laymen, the term of service of the one to be for one year and of the other for two years.

THC iMiccmivi ^ts last RePort t0 the General As- ARY AND " sembly tbe Foreign Board expressed its EFFICIENCY endorsement of the organization of the COMMITTEE Missionary and Efficiency Committee, and the Board stated at that time that nothing seemed to be proposed “more than putting into permanent form the main features of a policy which had been actually followed during the past two years.” After a year of experience with the plan the Foreign Board regretfully finds it is compelled to ask of the General Assembly that the plan be either abandoned or materially modified. A year ago when the Foreign Board voted for the appoint­ ment of the Missionary and Efficiency Committee, it was in the belief that the activities of the Committee would be carried on in a co-operative way, whereby, through extended conference, plans acceptable ^o all the Boards would be worked out for the cultivation of the Church, and then these plans would be executed and the work done through volunteer services rendered by mem­ bers and officers of the Boards interested in the work. The Com­ mittee, however, has decided upon a policy looking toward the centralization of its authority and power,— first, by the limita­ tion of all of its activities to one center, and, secondly, by its purpose to elect an administrative secretary, who is to give his whole time to the work. In the adoption by the Committee of this policy, unfore­ seen by the Foreign Board a year ago, the Foreign Board finds two difficulties at least, which seem to it so serious and dangerous for the future as to warrant the submission of the whole matter to the General Assembly. The one is that such a centralization of all of the Committee’s activities really cuts the Foreign Board off from all vital co-operation in the work of the Committee. The Foreign Board approved of the plan thinking that the Commit­ tee was to have as its aim the federating and correlating, so far as possible, of the educational activities of the several Boards and that in its work the Committee was to operate through the exist­ ing machinery and agents of the Boards, not that it was to set Annual Report— Missionary and Efficiency Committee.. 43 up a separate and distinct centralized administration. The limita­ tion of all initiative and administration to one center cuts off such co-operation as the Foreign Board, located in Philadelphia, has given in the past through voluntary service rendered by its members or officers. In the second place, real anxiety exists as to the powers which this centralized Committee must increasingly assume if given a complete secretarial and administrative equipment and if there be committed to it the most vital factor in the Church’s missionary life— namely the development of its missionary re­ sources. The work of this Committee, if developed to the degree to which the employment of a Secretary will unavoidably carry it, seems to involve inevitably infringement upon the work com­ mitted by the Church to the regular Boards, which is likely to result in constant misunderstandings, a duplication of effort, and a weakening of the missionary appeal. It is the Board’s judgment that the Church’s interest in its missionary work will be better maintained and deepened, and that more effective agitation and education may be carried on if we turn away from ambitions and costly plans for a centralized administration of the Church’s financial life and depend more and more upon a distribution of activities and responsibilities among such organizations as already exist, such as Boards, Presbyteries, Presbyterial committees and volunteer workers throughout the Church. Perhaps some policy such as the following would be acceptable : (a) That for the sake of maintaining a more sympathetic and vital contact between the different sections of the Church and the Church’s missionary agencies, as also to preserve and develop that free and voluntary service which has been such a valuable asset in the past, financial agents be once again instructed to remit directly to the Treasurers of the several Boards. ( b) That Presbyterial Missionary Committees, or other special committees, to be appointed by Presbyteries, be charged by the Assembly to care for the promotion of the Every-Member Canvass in March within their respective Presbyteries. (c) That an Every-Member Canvass Committee of five be appointed to provide, at cost of production, such literature as may be required by Presbyterial Committees in making the Every-Member Canvass. In any case, the Board would earnestly plead that what­ ever plan be followed care be taken to safeguard two important matters : (a) The Liberty of the Individual Giver: To be sure, many give thoughtlessly, with indifference or with a lack of adequate information, and for all such it is wise and helpful that some general standard for the distribution of their undesignated gifts should be provided. But it is most important, that this shall not 44 Annual Report— Missionary and Efficiency Committee. prevent the individual from having real liberty in the designation of his gifts, where special interest, special providences, special relationships, or a special guidance of God’s Spirit lead to some unusual designation of the gift. ( b) The Liberty of the Boards: Here the Foreign Board would ask no more for itself than it would ask for all Boards, but it pleads for the safeguarding of its liberty in approaching the Church and in voicing the needs over against which it stands. The principles which lie at the foundation of the Church’s present life and organization recognize the Boards of the Church as the proper agencies for voicing the needs of the work committed to their care. It would be a reversal of the fundamental prin­ ciples of our Church organization to transfer functions belong­ ing to these Boards to a centralized agency. Furthermore, to lay upon these Boards limitations in their public expression of the missionary obligations resting upon the Church, or to fix regula­ tions which take away freedom of speech, would be to discour­ age them from many unlifting ministries which they are now making to the Church’s spiritual life. This has been avoided in the past and the Board does not believe that the Church would knowingly follow such a policy. The only occasion for men­ tioning this matter here is, that programs of administrative efficiency may unconsciously lead to such centralizing as would bring about these regrettable conditions. Annual Report— Special Thanks. 45 SPECIAL THANKS. The past year has been a year marked by anxieties due to the enlarging opportunities and the increasing burdens of our foreign missionary work, but it has been a year also of corresponding dependence upon the Divine resources. The Board comes there­ fore to the end of the year able to testify once more, and perhaps as never before, to the faithfulness of our God. The missionary de­ velopments of the past year have revealed providences and opera­ tions of the Spirit of God, which were repeatedly so clearly de­ pendent upon nothing else than Divine power that there has been developed perhaps as never before a consciousness that this whole work is God’s. However, the Board would also express its genuine apprecia­ tion of the faithfulness and loyalty of those servants of the Divine Master who became in His hand the agents for accom­ plishing His work, whether it was by agitation, by prayer, or by gifts. To all such the Board would express its deepest gratitude for the help rendered. Special acknowledgment of indebtedness should be recorded in the case of the following persons or organizations: 1. The Trustees of the Arthington Fund have again throughout another year carried the support of a missionary in the Sudan. 2. The Women’s Board has now assumed so large a share in the burden of the missionary work in all three of our fields that very special gratitude is due to both the leaders and the constituency of its Board for their devoted sacrifices and their strong faith. 3. The Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America continues to release Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer for work in connection with our Mission in Egypt, and the large work which he is doing can only deepen our gratitude to them for this generous co-operation in the work of missions to Moslems. 4. The Church papers,— The Christian Union Herald, The United Presbyterian, The Christian Instructor, The Women’s Magazine, and The Men’s Record,— also co-operated by giving liberal space to articles having to do with the Church’s work in foreign lands. 5. A group of business men have carried during the past year several hundreds of dollars of expenses connected with the promotion of the Cairo University, and have also given themselves to the work in a way which commands the gratitude of all those who are interested in that project. 6. The following persons have contributed $100.00 or m ore: Mrs. William Flinn, Miss Christina Arbuckle, Mrs. Catherine A. Jamison, Mrs. Ruth Tunk Campbell. Mrs. Margaret Junk Mc­ Dowell, Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Fraser, Mrs. Cyrus H. McCormick, 46 Annual Report— Special Thanks.

Miss Tula D. Ely, “A Contributor, Jersey City, N. J.” ; “A Friend,” per Rev. J. M. Atchison, D.D.; Miss Mary L. Kennedy, “A Friend of Missions, Tarkio, Mo.” ; Messrs. Bogle Bros., Mr. E. D. Reynolds, Rev. H. J. Bell, Mr. J. M. Brown, A Friend of Missions; Mrs. Eleanor Hanna Gray Memorial from Miss Mary Gray; “The Howison Family,” Mrs. Ada Pringle, Individual Wheeling Presbytery, Individual Omaha Presbytery, Messrs. Johnston Bros., Mr. James Hoven, In Memory of Thomas H. and Anna M. Davidson from their children, Mr. G. E. F. Gray, Mrs. Samuel E. Young, “A Friend, Hanover, 111.” ; Students Asso­ ciation, Pittsburgh Theological Seminary, Mrs. Jane E. Carson, “From a Friend,” Mrs. Louisa J. Telford, “A Friend,” “A Friend of Missions,” Mrs. Fannie E. Wasson, “A Friend of Missions,” Miss Margaret J. Currie, John and Julia A. Shontz, Remembrance to Board of Foreign Missions from the late Joseph Stevenson, “A Friend of Missions, Los Angeles, Calif.” ; Individ­ uals Sixth Church, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Individual, Andes, N. Y .; Rev. J. H. and Mrs. M. L. Elliott, Mr. Alexander Sheriff, Mr. J. C. Morgan, Mrs. Curry’s Class Eighth Allegheny, Pa.; “Hutchison Kans. Congregation,” Rev. J. P. Nesbitt, D.D.; Mrs. Mary Pratt, Y. M. C. A. Pittsburgh Theological Seminary; Mrs. Christiana D. Barr, A Friend of Missions, Ingram, Pa.; Rev. J. A. Williamson, D.D.

M. G. K y l e , President.

C h a r l e s R . W a t s o n , Corresponding Secretary.

P a u l H. M c C l a n a i i a n , Associate Secretary. C. S. C l e l a n d , Recording Secretary.

R ober t L . L a t im e r , Treasurer. Philadelphia, April 30, 1914. Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer. 47

TREASURER’S REPORT. F or Y e a r E nding A pril 30th, 1914. S u m m a ry . RECEIPTS. Schedule A. Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly— Presbyteries ...... $210,104 20 Sabbath Schools ...... 7,650 74 Individuals ...... 12,119 68 Young People’s Societies ...... 4,325 51 B eq u ests ...... 6,989 22 Anticipated Bequest ...... 10,000 00 Ladies’ Missionary Societies ...... 96 00 In te re st ...... 1,916 18 Endowed Funds Income ...... 1,895 42 Miscellaneous Funds ...... 8,865 43

Total Appropriation ...... $263,962 38 Schedule B. Women's Board— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General As­ sem b ly ...... 120,966 96 Schedule C. Endowed Funds, Principal and Income and Miscellaneous F un ds— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General As­ se m b ly ...... 55,476 88 Schedule D. Investments and Loans— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General As­ sem b ly ...... 54,881 78

Total From All Sources ...... $495,288 00 Donation in Egypt Credited on This Year ...... 814 16 Balance in Sudan From Preceding Fiscal Year Merged Into This Year ...... 921 82 B a la n ce A p ril 30, 1913 ...... 38,559 14

$535,583 12 DISBURSEMENTS. Schedule A. India Mission ...... $130,097 35 Schedule B. Egyptian Mission ...... 215,367 73 Schedule C. Sudan Mission ...... 42,552 34 Schedule D. Expense of Missionaries Outside of Fields ...... 33,898 48 Schedule E. M iscella n eou s F u n d s ...... 4,266 58 Schedule F. Interest on Loans and Annuities ...... 4,972 99 S ch ed u le G. Administrative Expenses ...... 18,882 93 Schedule H. Investments and Loans ...... 60,969 40

Total Disbursements ...... $511,007 80 B a la n ce G en era l F u n d, A p ril 30, 1914 ...... 24,575 32 $535,683 12 48 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer.

DETAILED STATEMENT. RECEIPTS. Schedule A. Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly— Section 1—From Direct Contributions — Presbyteries ...... $210,104 20 Sabbath Schools ...... 7,650 74 Individuals ...... 12,119 68 Young People’s Societies ...... 4,325 51 B e q u e sts ...... 6,989 22 Anticipated Bequest ...... 10,000 00 Ladies’ Missionary Societies ...... 96 00 In te re st ...... 1,916 18 $253,201 53 Section 2—Endowed Funds Income— Sterrett and Agnes Cummins Memorial Fund ...... 49 92 James Junk Fund ...... 300 00 Ella Jane Dysart Fund ...... 30 00 L. and M. E. A. Fund ...... 60 00 James S. McNary Fund ...... 221 64 Mary L. Pratt Fund ...... 18 00 Mary Sterritt Memorial Fund ...... 28 58 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund ...... 78 00 Mrs. Jane E. Mack Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Eliza Christie Fund ...... 476 66 Joseph and Eliza Barr Memorial Fund ...... 110 83 Elizabeth Adair Currie Fund ...... 104 29 James and Agnes Sankey Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Rev. W. W. Barr, D. D., Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Robertson Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Scholarship ...... 50 00 Mrs. Agnes A. Clark, Jessie and Mary Clark Memorial . F u n d ...... 30 00 Thomas S. and Mary J. McClanahan Memorial Fund.. • 60 00 McCarrell-Moore Fund ...... 60 00 Nelson Pratt Memorial Fund ...... 54 00 Kenneth Wilson Smith Memorial Fund ...... 13 50 $ 1,895 42 Section 3—'Miscellaneous Funds— Sudan Fund ...... $ 2,148 12 Sale of Chicago Lots ...... 363 75 New Missionaries’ Fund ...... 5,853 56 Matured Annuity Donation ...... 500 00 8,865 43 Total on Appropriation of the General Assembly.... $263,962 38

Schedule B. WOMEN’S BOARD. Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. India Mission— S ala ries ...... $ 21,608 46 Furlough Salaries ...... 2,025 00 E stim a te s ...... 17,602 00 S p ecia ls ...... 5,274 00 Traveling Expenses ...... 2,489 73 Allowance to Children ...... 100 00 Outfit Allowance ...... 200 00 Egyptian Mission— Salaries ...... 15,728 ">0 Furlough Salaries ...... 1,260 00 E stim a te s ...... '...... t. 20,535 00 S pecials ...... 17,799 03 Assiut Parsonage Loan ...... 7,000 00 Outfit Allowance ...... 300 00 T ra v e lin g E x p e n s e s ...... 1,535 24 Sudan Mission— S ala ries ...... 1,650 00 E stim a te s ...... 5,845 00 S p ecials ...... 15 00 $120,966 96 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer. 49

Schedule C. Endowed and Miscellaneous Funds—Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Section 1—Endowed Funds, Principal— Annuity Fund ...... $ 2,944 00 Rev. John M. Adair Memorial Fund ...... 2,STS 15 John and Ann Jane Craig Memorial Fund ...... 1,050 00 Alexander H. McArthur Fund ...... 1,000 00 Martha J. McGinnis Memorial Fund ...... 325 00 Rev. James Price, D. D., Memorial Fund ...... 950 00 David M. Ure Memorial Fund ...... 950 00 ------? 10,097 15 Section 2— Endowed Fund, Income— Rev. John B. Dales, D. D., Semi-Centennial Fund $ 250 00 Mrs. Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund ...... 48 47 Mr. and Mrs. George S. Brush Endowment Fund .... 60 00 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 149 82 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage Fund ...... 568 72 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund in Trust ...... 102 00 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 793 53 Margaret Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Robert Dwight Foster Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,577 17 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 494 67 Pressly Memorial Fund ...... 342 50 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund ...... 232 74 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund ...... 262 80 Annuity Fund, General ...... 2,092 60 Annuity Fund, Special ...... 768 00 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund ...... 78 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Bed ...... 50 00 Charity Porter Memorial Fund ...... 28 50 ------$ 8,079 52 Section 3— Miscellaneous Funds— Specials to Egypt ...... 1,223 08 Girls’ College, Cairo ...... 1,004 00 Assiut College ...... 23,020 00 Library Endowment Fund, Assiut College ...... 100 00 Pressly Memorial Institute, Income Riverside Irriga­ tion District Bond ...... 24 00 Allegheny Nile Mission Boat ...... 50 00 Alexandria School, Egypt ...... 186 23 Delta Car Fund ...... 5,000 00 Specials to India ...... 4.063 76 India Famine Orphans’ Fund ...... 61 52 Martinpur School, India ...... 10 00 Nelson Pratt Boys’ School, Martinpur, India ...... 400 00 Gujranwala School, India ...... 196 GO Specials to Sudan ...... 112 73 Sudan Boat Fund ...... 14 98 Sudan Boys’ Home ...... 67 50 Robert Arthington Donation ...... 1,213 13 Robert Arthington Refund ...... 46 28 Ladies’ Missionary Societies, for Account Women’s B oa rd ...... 265 43 Women’s Board, for Account of First -Wilkinsburg, Pa., Congregation ...... 150 00 Women’s Board, for Account of Piriua, Ohio, Y. P. C. U. 23 00 Property North Bend, Nebr., Refund Board of Home M issipns ...... 26 07 Turkish Relief Fund ...... 1 00 Auto Truck ...... 40 90 ------$ 37,300 21

Schedule D. Investments and Loans—Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Matured Mortgages ...... $ 8,800 00 L o a n s ...... 46.081 78 — ------$ 54,881 78 50 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer.

DISBURSEMENTS. Schedule A. India Mission— Remitted and Paid for India Account ...... $118,973 47 Specials to India ...... 9,401 31 India Famine Orphans ...... 61 52 Gujranwala School ...... 196 60 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 793 53 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 121 67 Rev. John B. Dales, D. D., Semi-Centennial Fund 125 00 Charity Porter Memorial Fund ...... 14 25 Martinpur School ...... 10 00 Nelson Pratt Boys’ School ...... 400 00 ------$130,097 35

Schedule B. Egyptian M ission- Remitted and Paid for Egyptian Account ...... $148,873 50 Specials to Egypt ...... 18,822 11 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage ...... 568 72 Pressly Memorial Institute ...... 366 50 Girls’ College, Cairo ...... 1,004 00 Assiut College ...... 23,020 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,552 67 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 149 82 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund ...... 232 74 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund ...... 48 47 Rev. John B. Dales, D. D., Semi-Centennial Fund ___ 125 00 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund ...... 262 80 Pressly Fund ...... 242 92 Theological Seminary Endowment ...... 500 00 Robert Dwight Foster Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Bed ...... 50 00 New School Alexandria ...... 186 23 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund ...... 78 00 Library Endowment Fund, Assiut C ollege ...... 100 00 Charity Porter Memorial Fund ...... 14 25 Allegheny Nile Boat ...... 50 00 Delta Car Fund ...... 7,000 00 Mrs. Annie S. Gradle Annuity Principal ...... 5,000 00 Women’s Board Loan, Assiut Parsonage ...... 7,000 00 ------$215,367 73

Schedule C. Sudan Mission— Remitted and Paid for Sudan Account ...... $ 35,495 00 Specials to Sudan ...... 3,052 86 Sudan Boat Fund ...... 14 98 Margaret Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Sudan Boy’s Home ...... 67 50 Omdurman Property, Account Appropriation 1914-15.. 750 00 Omdurman Property, Special ...... 3,112 00 ------$ 42,552 84

Schedule D. Expense of Missionaries Outside of Fields— Traveling Expenses, India Missionaries ...... $ 7,357 52 • Traveling Expenses, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 4,179 98 Traveling Expenses, Sudan Missionaries ...... 474 10 Outfit, India Missionaries ...... 500 00 Outfit, Egyptian Missionaries ...... /...... 1,200 00 Tuition Allowance, India Missionaries ...... 381 15 Tuition Allowance, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 320 00 Furlough Salaries, India Missionaries ...... 7.792 30 Furlough Salaries, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 6,386 19 Furlough Salaries, Sudan Missionaries ...... 1,888 88 Children of India Missionaries ...... 1,952 78 Children of Egyptian Missionaries ...... 1,038 65 Children of Sudan Missionaries ...... 426 92 ------$ 33,898 48 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer.

Schedule E. Miscellaneous Funds— Samuel Kerr Fund, Annuity Interest ...... $ 373 00 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund in Trust ...... 102 00 Legal Expenses ...... 77 45 In su ra n ce ...... 9 36 Emergency Fund ...... 931 85 Elm Grove Cemetery Company Stock ...... 40 50 Special Allowance, Mrs. H. L. Brandon ...... 400 00 Million Dollar Committee Expense ...... 84 32 Missionary and Efficiency Committee ...... 1,600 00 For Account of Board of Education ...... 24 00 Language Study School Expenses ...... 193 55 Travel to World in Chicago ...... 41 15 Women’s Board, Account First Wilkinsburg, Pa., Con­ g re g a tio n ...... 150 00 Women’s Board, Account Piqua, Ohio Y. P. C. U 23 00 Auto Truck Fund ...... 40 90 Gibson Trust Fund Expense ...... 24 50 Turkish Relief Fund Paid The Christian Herald 1 00 Maria J. Miles Fund, Special ...... 150 00 ------$ 4,266 58

Schedule F. Interest— O n L oa n s ...... $ 2,130 39 On Annuities ...... 2,092 60 On Annuity, Special ...... 750 00 ------$ 4,972 99

Schedule G. Administrative Expenses— Salary, Corresponding Secretary ...... $ 2,916 67 Salary, Treasurer ...... 500 00 Salaries, Associate Secretaries ...... 2,833 32 Traveling Expenses, Corresponding Secretary ...... 789 64 Traveling Expenses, Associate Secretary ...... 710 23 Clerical Allowance of Secretaries ...... 3,785'95 Clerical Allowance, Treasurer ...... 840 00 Printing, Postage, Rent, Office and General Expenses. 5,607 11 Miscellaneous Expenses, General ...... 900 01 ------$ 18,882 93

Schedule H. Investments ...... $ 15,669 40 Loans, Repaid ...... 45,300 00 ------$ 60,969 40

INDEBTEDNESS. Due Reserve Fund ...... $43,374 52 D u e b y M ission s, e tc ...... $7,138 23 Outstanding Loans ...... 37,720 59 C ash B ala n ce, A p ril 30, 1914 24,575 32 ------D eficit, Ap ril 30, 1914...... 49,381 56 $81,095 11 ------$81,095 11 52 Action of General Assembly.

REPORT OF ASSEMBLY’S COMMITTEE ON THE FOREIGN BOARD.

The only paper coming into the hands of your Committee was the Fifty-fifth Annual Report of the Board of Foreign Missions. After a careful consideration of this report we recommend the fol­ lowing for adoption:—

1. We express our conviction that beyond our need for men and money, great as these needs are, is our need for spiritual power. New insistence must be laid upon the fact that “It is not by might nor by power, but by My Spirit, saith the Lord,” if the men and money are to be forthcoming to meet the urgent need in our mission fields.

2. W e record with gratitude the favor of God upon the work in all our fields during the past year, noting especially the increased willingness of the Moslems in Egypt to hear the truth, the increasing number of those applying for baptism in India and the baptism of the first convert on the Sobat.

3. While rejoicing in the ripe harvest fields, we lament the fewness of the laborers, and urge the Church to importunate prayer that the Lord of the harvest would thrust forth laborers into his harvest, and open the hearts of his people through the Church so that increased liber­ ality may make possible the occupancy of larger areas in all our fields.

4. We express our gratitude to God for His mercy in sustaining our missionaries under the heavy burdens which are laid upon them and praise Him for the devoted services of Miss Kate Corbett of In­ dia who for many years wrought wonderfully in India, and for Mr. R. W. Tidrick, who so recently gave his life in defense of the natives among whom he labored in the Sudan.

5. That since it is the conviction of those in position to know the facts that the life of Mr. Tidrick might have been saved had the mis­ sion had a boat on the Sobat river, we heartily commend the action of the Board in deciding to present this particular opportunity to the Sab­ bath Schools of the Church.

6. That the following persons appointed. by the Women’s Board be appointed as missionaries to their respective fields:— Miss Ruth Margaret Eddy. Miss Davida M. Finney. Miss Irene Glasgow. Miss Jane E. Shay. And that the appointment of Miss Margaret Fehlman, Miss Ethel M. Wilson and Miss Bessie Fleming be confirmed, as they were passed upon by the Women’s Board and the Foreign Board since the last meet­ ing of the Assembly; also the appointment of Miss Eleanor Maconachie who went out in 1911, but the confirmation of whose appointment was overlooked. Action of General Assembly. 53

That the names of the following persons submitted by the Board be confirmed: Rev. J. H. Colvin, to India. Rev. E. E. Elder, to Egypt. Rev. Guy W. Hamilton and Miss Anna Jamieson, to Egypt. Dr. Frank McClanahan, Rev. W. L. Porter and Mrs. Porter, to India. Dr. A. C. Zaiser and Mrs. Zaiser, to Egypt.

7. Owing to the fact that the budget submitted upon which the ap' propriation for the coming year is based does not include provision for these new missionaries, the Board is authorized to send them- out pro­ vided the required funds can be secured before August 15, 1914, care being taken in any public appeal to make it clear that contributions for this purpose must not be allowed to encroach upon the regular contribu­ tions to the Church.

8. That in order to conform to the laws of the State of Pennsyl­ vania, and also for the purpose of increasing the efficiency of the Board, authority is hereby given the Board to add two laymen to its member­ ship, the term of service of the one to be for one year and of the other for two years.

9. W e note the fact that Mr. George Innes, who has so efficiently served the Board as Associate Secretary for three years, and for some time without salary, has resigned to devote his time and energies to fur­ thering the interests of the Cairo University work, and we express to him the appreciation of the Church for his valuable service.

10. W e commend the wisdom of the Board in securing the services of the Rev. Paul H. McClanahan and the Rev. W . B. Anderson as Asso­ ciate Secretaries, and in view of the fact that a group of business men have assumed the salary of the Corresponding Secretary we recommend that the combined salaries of the Secretary and his Associate be divided equally between the two Associate Secretaries.

11. That special thanks is hereby tendered the Governor General of the Sudan and other government officials who rendered such gracious and signal service in connection with the affliction and death of Mr. R. W. Tidrick. 12. We note with gratification the progress being made in further­ ing the proposal for the establishment of a great Christian University at Cairo, Egypt, the intellectual center of Islam. Some $175,000 have been pledged during the year, and twelve trustees have been appointed. W e commend the special care being taken to safeguard the Christian charac­ ter of the institution and declare that only b s it represents evangelical Christianity is it worthy of the interest and support of the Church.

We approve the plan outlined whereby the Corresponding Secretary of the Foreign Board shall be allowed to devote the major part of his time and strength during the coming year to the promotion of this Uni­ versity without expense to the Board. Signed: J. KNOX MONTGOMERY, S. J. K Y L E , W . C. W A L L A C E , T. B. DONALDSON, MATTHEW T. LINDSAY. 54 Appropriations of the General Assembly.

THE BUDGET FOR 1914-15.

The year 1913-14 was a year of disappointment in so far as the financial record of the Church is concerned. The total re­ ceipts applicable to the regular foreign missionary budget showed no advance, but rather a falling back to the extent of $10,132,00. In the face of such financial depression, there seemed to be no alternative to a policy of severe economy in the making out of the budget for 1914-15. Accordingly, all advances in the work involving increased expenditures were prohibited and the Board made out what is called a Minimum Budget. This budget did not involve actual abandonment of existing work, but it did ex­ clude enlargements in the work, however pressing or alluring. This Minimum Budget for 1914-15 totals up to $292,563.00. To this must be added $49,381.00 of outstanding debt, accumulated through a number of years, making a total of $341,944.00 re­ quired to meet all existing obligations for the year 1914-15. CAN WE DO IT ? Can this amount be secured? Not without prayer, faith and considerable effort. If compared with the income of last year, this year’s budget will call for an advance of $77,982.00. This would mean an advance of tzventy-nine per cent, over the offerings of last year. It would really require a larger advance than that, because certain contributions such as bequests and incomes from trust funds, cannot be expected to advance:, and therefore any advance that takes place must be looked for in the gifts of the living Church. Even if the debt of $49,381.00 were to be ignored and all general incomes were to be maintained as in the past year, there would be required, merely to meet the current budget of 1914-15, an advance in the contributions of the living Church from $222,086.00 to $250,601.00— an advance of some thirteen per cent. These facts should be remembered by every individual and congregation. Do you desire merely to have the current budget met, without reducing the debt in any way? Then your individual gift to foreign missions should be one dol­ lar a r id thirty cents where last year it was one dollar, and your congregation’s gifts should amount to one hundred and thirty dollars for every one hundred dollars contributed last year. If you believe in wiping off or reducing the debt, then the advance this year should be even greater than this. GIVE AS MUCH AS BEFORE. The first and most obvious way to help is to pay up all pledges to the regular budget. This amount certainly should be contributed in full and without fail. But many congregations have either made no pledge or have reported pledges even below the amounts they actually contributed. A better rallying cry therefore is, Give As Much As Before. To give less is to vote for Retreat, and in this day of opportunity that cannot be really the will of any follower of Christ, even as it cannot be the will Appropriations of the General Assembly. 55 SPECIAL GIFTS TO FOREIGN MISSIONS. The second way to help is to make special effort in behalf of this special need. Of all contributions to the general budget, the foreign missionary cause receives but forty cents out of every dollar. Manifestly any unusual advance in foreign missions can only come through special gifts to foreign missions. These should never be at the expense of the legitimate claims of the general budget, but rather because of special conviction of for­ eign missionary need and out of those additional resources of Christian stewardship that remain after the ordinary claims of the budget have been met. In some quarters there is a false impression prevailing that foreign missions are now receiving large sums by “special gifts.” This is wholly a mistake, as the Minutes of the last General Assembly will show (see page 997). It will be seen that while the Church gave last year $45,649.00 to foreign missions in “specials,” it gave no less than $315,289.00 to specials in America. In other words, out of every eight dol­ lars of “specials'” given by the United Presbyterian Church, seven were retained for work in America and only one dollar went across the sea. By “specials to foreign missions,” there­ fore, something may be done to provide the funds required for the current year. Apart from all ordinary and usual Sabbath Day offerings, whether large or small, there is the possibility of special contributions to the work. Almost every pastor and mis­ sionary leader knows of men and women who, after carrying their full share of the congregational burdens, desire to render some special service to the cause of Christ by a direct gift to that work. BEQUESTS AND ANNUITIES. Pastors more than all others are in a position to suggest to those possessing some wealth, upon which there are no real claims after the death of the owners, that such wealth should be assigned to a cause that represents Him Who is the Enricher of every life. This may be done in two ways. The one is to make out a will bequeathing this property at death to the “Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America.” The other and really the better and safer way is to give the property during the lifetime of the owner to the Board and to receive from the Board an annuity payment, which ordi­ narily will bring the owner during life an income fully equal to what he would have received had he handled the property him­ self. THE NEW MISSIONARIES’ FUND. The Minimum Budget adopted for 1914-15 was so rigid in its economies that it excluded the support of New Missionaries who had presented themselves for missionary appointment and who had been found qualified. To avoid the disappointment and shame of any failure to send these men to the field, the Assembly authorized a special appeal in their behalf. Some $17,000.00 was asked for, and this amount has been received and is administered as a separate budget. It therefore bears no relation to the Min- imum Budget for 1914-15 dealt with in this and the foregoing Annual Report of the Women’s Board.

REPORT OF THE FOREIGN DEPART­ MENT OF THE WOMEN’S BOARD.

The angel of death has again caused a break in the ranks of our missionaries by taking dear Miss Kate Corbett to be with the Lord whom she loved and served so well. Twenty-seven years of her beautiful life were given to the women and children of Punjab, India, pointing thousands of them to Jesus Christ, the only Saviour. Whom shall we send to fill this vacancy? The number of missionaries whom we support is the same as last year, - eighty-seven. Forty-eight in India, thirty-six in Egypt and three in the Sudan. The Master sent out nine young women last September to represent Him and His church in our three fields as follows: To India.— Miss Margaret Fehlman, Miss Bessie Fleming, Miss Ruth Warnock, Miss Ethel M. Wilson. To Egypt.— Miss Mary E. Baird, Miss Ella Downie, Miss May Holland, Miss Sadie Thompson, Miss Ida Whiteside. Returned after furlough, September, 1913. To India.— Miss Mary Kyle, Miss Emma Minger, Miss Mar­ garet Wilson. To Egypt.— Miss A. B. Atchison, Miss Anna McConaughy, Miss Laura B. Walker, Miss Anna B. Criswell. You can imagine the hearty welcome which the nine new and the seven returning workers received from the weary folks on the field who had been praying for more helpers. Our responsibilities remain about the same as last year, viz: India.— Forty-eight women missionaries; Memorial Hos­ pital, Sialkot; Good Samaritan Hospital, Jhelum; White Mem­ orial Hospital, Pasrur; Dispensaries at Sialkot, Jhelum, Khala, Bhera and 'Pasrur; Girls’ Boarding School, Sialkot; Girls’ Day School, Sialkot; Dispensary at Pathankot; Girls’ Boarding and Day School, Sangla H ill; Home for Dispensary Workers, Bhera; Home for Lady Missionaries at Sialkot, Lyallpur, Sangla H ill; Elizabeth Godron Home, Sialkot. The Girls’ Boarding and Day School of Sangla Hill is by this time almost completed. Estimate asked for has been paid in full to treasurer of India Mission. Government inspector was so well pleased with the outlook for the plant that a gov- Annual Report of the Women’s Board. 57

,ernment grant-in-aid of 10,000 rupees was promised. We regret very deeply that we were unable to grant the estimates asked for some new work for next year, simply because we could not plan for the money and dare not risk going into debt. Estimates granted for the year ending July, 1915, $42,896.00, an increase of $3,987.00. Responsibilities in Egypt.— Thirty-six women missionaries; Martha McKown Hospital, Tanta; Dispensaries at Tanta and Benha; Girls’ Boarding and Day Schools at Alexandria, Luxor and Tanta; Day Schools for Girls at Karmous, Kafr el Ashari, Beni Suef, Faiyum, Monsurah and Zakazik, and Mary Herron Rest Home, Rami eh. The society of the First Church, Allegheny, Pa., has paid the entire sum needed for this much longed for sum­ mer home and has given it the above named title in honor of its first Recording Secretary. The women of the church were asked to give fifty thousand dollars over and above all other obligations for a building and its equipment in Tanta to be known as the Tanta Boarding and Day School for Girls. So generous have been the responses to this appeal that we are confident that the entire sum will be in the hands of our treasurer before this appears in print. “In everything with praise and thanksgiving make known your re­ quest unto God.” We praise His holy name. The scarcity of women doctors willing to give their lives as medical missionaries at a salary of $750.00 per year compelled the Egyptian Mission to ask our board to change the work of Tanta Hospital from a hospital for women and children exclus­ ively to a general hospital. Very reluctantly we granted the re­ quest and the Mission placed Dr. A. F. Grant in charge of all work, including changes and new buildings. To execute the plans as adopted by the Mission was esti­ mated to cost about thirty thousand dollars. Eight thousand of this has been forwarded. We hope to meet the other payments as they become due. Estimates granted for year ending June, 191:3, $35,827.00. Increase $3,085— for new buildings $80,000.00. Sudan.— Three women missionaries; Girls’ Boarding and Day School, Khartum North; Girls’ Day School, Wady Haifa. We regret very much to report that Miss Aulora Mclntire, of Khartum North, has not been at her post since August 1, 1913, owing to ill health. She arrived in New York, April 13th. We hope that a brief sojourn in the home land will build her up so that she will soon be strong enough to return. Sixty board­ ers have been cared for in Khartum North School and about one hundred day pupils. School at Wady Haifa continues to do good work. Estimates granted for year ending July 1, 1915» $7,840.00. Increase $345.00. 58 Annual Report of the Women’s Board.

Only two young women have measured up to our require­ ments for foreign missionaries at this date. We are praying that the Master will “thrust out” still others before sailing time this autumn. Death, sickness and marriage deplete our ranks annually, so that in spite of the fact that nine new young women went out last September, our total remains the same as was re­ ported last year. Miss Davida Finney, a daughter of Rev. Thomas Finney and his wife, of Alexandria, Egypt, and Miss Ruth Eddy, born in Sidon, Syria, a daughter of Rev. William K. Eddy., deceased, and his wife, Elizabeth N. Eddy, missionaries of the Presbyterian Church to Syria. Miss Finney and Miss Eddy were both elected to go to Egypt. The last named is a graduate nurse of varied experience and is familiar with Arabic. We are under lasting obligation to the members of our Medical Board, who have examined all applicants during the year. Some, we regret to report, were not physically fitted and were therefore obliged to relinquish their long cherished hope of representing the Master in the foreign land. All the ladies were examined by Drs. Ada M. Watson and Caroline Marshall. The gentlemen by Drs. J. P. McKelvie and J. E. Rigg- Their valuable services were given as unto the Lord and not unto men. On December 17, 1913, the Heavenly Father called the be­ loved physician Ada M. Watson to go to that home where sick­ ness never enters, after months of suffering. She was graduated from Franklin College, Ohio, and later from the Women’s Medical in Philadelphia. She was a member of the staff at Columbia Hospital for years and one of the instructors and lec­ turers of the Carnegie Technical School. Her quiet modest manner, her devotion to duty and her kindly sympathy won her friends wherever she went. We shall miss her here, but her example will always be an inspiration to all who knew her. Miss Eula McClemahan, of Alexandria, Egypt, will close her connection with our work about July 1st, as she expects to be married in the early autumn to a gentleman in business in the United States. Our best wishes accompany her to her new home, although we part from her with regret. From private information we know that another of our valuable workers is to sever her relation with the Women’s Board about the same date, July 1st. She will not, however, be lost to our work, as she expects to remain in Egypt as the wife of our ordained American missionary. Our prayers ascend for a rich blessing upon this devoted couple and their new Christian home in Egypt. With profound gratitude to our Heavenly Father we re­ port another year of service completed and every financial obli­ Annual Report of the MS omen’s Board. 59 gation met. “A cash balance in the treasury and no debts” at the close of the year has been our daily prayer for thirty-one years. We gratefully testify that in spite of our shortcomings and failures that the Father has granted our petition during every year of our existence as a General Missionary Society.

Disbursements for year ending April 15, 1914:

Foreign Salaries ...... $43,189.61 Foreign General ...... 64,220.18

Regular total ...... $107,409.79 Special New Buildings ...... 15,000.00

Actual Disbursements ...... $122,409.79 6o Action on Women’s Board.

REPORT OF ASSEMBLY’S COMMITTEE ON THE WOMEN’S BOARD.

The portions of the report relating to the foreign work are as follows: The work of the women of our Church, as directed by the Women’s Board, is certainly one o f which we may properly be proud. The report, which ought to be read by every United Presbyterian, indicates a year of splendid achievement. It is bristling with interesting facts, and it is bright with present encouragement and with hope for the days to come. The work of our women is one of faith, in which they have faced courageously a task too mighty for women’s hands and then have faced God believingly, and He has given them the strength and the resources for its accomplishment. It is a work of love, in which thousands of Mary’s, counting not the cost and remembering only their gratitude, have anointed the Saviour with love’s offering. It is a work of unnum­ bered small gifts, in which tens of thousands of consecrated women, like Ruth of old, have gleaned much that otherwise would have been wasted, and they have laid it at the feet of Jesus. No work in our denomination has been managed with greater wis­ dom, greater business sagacity and greater consecration. And the work of our women is no less astonishing than it is well done. A partial sur­ vey of what they are doing presents the following facts:— An army of 42,136 United Presbyterian women and children— 22,279 members of the Women’s Missionary Society, 6,537 members of the Young Women’s Society, and 13,320 Juniors, about as many as there are men, women and children in New Castle— last year won splendid victor­ ies for Christ. India, Egypt, the Sudan, the cities of Our Land, the country districts, the Freedmen, the Indians, the Aliens, the Mountain­ eers, and the members o f the Home Mission stations,— all have been as­ sisted by these consecrated workers. Listen to some of the things that have been accomplished within the past year: Our women have supported— 3 workers among the Aliens. 6 city missionaries. 7 teachers among the Mountaineers. 3 ministers and one lady missionary to the Indians. 49 workers among the Freedmen. 87 foreign missionaries. They have supported on the Foreign Field— 4 hospitals. 9 dispensaries. 14 girls’ schools. 5 homes for lady missionaries and workers. 1 rest home for lady missionaries. They have raised over $50,000 for the Girls’ Day and Boarding School at Tanta, Egypt, since January, 1913.

They have published the Women’s Missionary Magazine with a sub­ scription list of about 10,000 and the Junior Missionary Magazine with 6,315 subscribers. Action on IVomen’ s Board. .. 61

Through the splendid work of the Thank Offering Department, where there is a positive genius for that which is sanely novel, they have stirred the Church to larger gratitude and offering. Through mite-boxes, Thank-Offering Boxes, envelopes and other individual offerings they gathered $203,570.83 and they disbursed $188.- 327.74, closing the year with a balance o f $36,148.74. And all this work was carried on without deducting a single penny from the money con­ tributed for missionary purposes. The expense of handling this large amount of money is met by a contingent fund which is made up from interest on church loans, bank balances, and surplus funds and from the contingent fund contributions of the Presbyteries. Surely, fathers and brethren, with this splendid record to their credit our women deserve our heartiest commendation. The praise of their work should be in all. our churches, for it is a work in which the constraining motive is love for Christ ;; the inspiration faith in Christ ; and the reward, victory and commendation through Christ. We therefore take pleasure in making the following recommenda­ tions : 1. That we congratulate the Women’s Board on its great work, and call upon our pastors and people to help support it by their sympathy, their encouragement, their prayers and their offerings. 2. That we record our appreciation of the spirit of self-sacrifice and devotion to Christ as represented in the work of this Board.

Signed : E. C. LITTLE, PAUL STEWART, R. A. EVANS, WM. C. DOUGLASS, F. E. SAHLAND. I rORTH

TRIA- GARY

B L A C K SEA

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y MAP OF - I/¡Aswan* -isi Caiar<»oiJrä(«i/e«e) Sikct Jebtli or Sikclal \Hereuice) J j Ras EGYPT Benass Engraved from latest information and surveys to illustrate Kalabshee^ Tropic of Cancer THE HISTORY OF ❖ À THE AMERICAN MISSION IN EGYPT. BISHAREEN Published, by the United Presbyterian Board of Publication. DESERT Population, nearly 10,000,000

Towns m arked thus +, mission stations >v

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35 E.F.Huk, Edït., NA’. 29 Longitude 33 THE

59th Annual Report

O F T H E

American United Presbyterian Mission

IN

EGYPT

FOR THE YEAR 1913 BEDOUINS IN EGYPT— A NEGLECTED CLASS. Reading a New Testament sold by a Colporteur. The printed Word will often attract attention where other means fail. Egypt— Introduction, 65

INTRODUCTION.

BY THE REV. J. G. HUNT, D. D. Those who have followed our Annual Report from year to year will notice this year one change in its form that deserves a word of explanation. The special section on Sab­ bath School and Young People’s work is dropped, and a new section appears on The Native Evangelical Church. In the former plan the Native Church received treatment in the Evangelistic Report. But for some time it has been felt that this failed to give due prominence to so important a factor in the work. An organization with more than 12,000 members, 85 organized congregations and 200 outstations, 65 ordained ministers and 30 licentiates and theological students, and con­ tributions for church purposes amounting to nearly $60,000, surely should have more than incidental notice. Since in the mind of the Alission and in actual fact this church occupies the first place as a factor working toward Egypt’s redemption, it was felt that a corresponding place should be assigned to it in the Report. And since the Sabbath-school and Young People’s So­ ciety have become for the most part an integral part of the Church’s work, rather than a special department of the Mis­ sion’s work, reference to these has been relegated to a second­ ary place, and appears in connection with th!e report on the Church. This does not mean any decrease of emphasis on these important features of the work, but merely the recognition of a change of relationship and proportion. The Evangelistic Report, under the present plan, while still closely related in subject matter to the Church, aims to treat especially of the masses still unreached and of the efforts to bring the Gospel to them. It is hoped that this change in the form of the Report may give the reader a truer conception of the work and a truer appreciation of that great instrument which the Lord of the Harvest has raised up in the Native Evangelical Church of Egypt. It is the recognized aim of Foreign Missionary 66 Egypt— Introduction .

Societies generally to render their own presence eventually unnecessary by the training up of a self-supporting, self-gov- erning, self-propagating Church native to the soil. For the fact that a long stride has been made in this direction in Egypt, we praise our God. That we may soon have still larger and better things to record, we seek the prayers o£ His people. W e have welcomed in our midst the past year a valuable accession of new workers. They are the Rev. and Mrs. J. Willard Acheson and Prof. and Mrs. C. A. Owen, who have been located in Assiut; the Rev. and Mrs. Dalton Galloway, who were assigned to Cairo; the Misses May Holland and Sadie Thompson, who were appointed to Tanta; and the Misses Mary E. Baird, Ella B. Downie and Ida B. Whiteside, appointed to Cairo, Benha and Luxor respectively. They have been diligently engaged in the study of the language and have also given valued assistance in the work. The following workers returned during the year from their furlough in the home land: The Rev. and Mrs. W- H. Reed, with their family; the Rev. and Mrs. S. A. Work, and the Misses Walker, Atchison, Criswell and McConaughy. Those leaving the field for their furlough were Dr. J. Kruidenier, Prof. C. P. Russell, the Revs. F. D. Henderson and A. A. Thompson and their families and Miss McMillan. Miss Bu­ chanan was compelled to go to America for a critical oper­ ation, from which she has happily recovered, while Miss Finney was called home by the serious illness of her parents. Egypt gave to the Sudan a valuable worker by the marriage of Miss Pieken to the Rev. D. S. Oyler of that field. Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church. 6 7

THE NATIVE EVANGELICAL CHURCH.

BY THE REV. T. J. FINNEY, D.D.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

1912 1913 Organized congregations having at least one elder ...... 81 83 Outstations, preaching places, Sabbath- schools, &c...... 196 202 277 ------285 Native ordained ministers, one missionary in Sudan ...... 63 65 Licentiates ...... 16 18 Theological Students ...... 12 12 Lay preachers ...... 7 7 98 — ------102 Total membership, Dec. 31st, 1913: Men ...... 6,119 6,156 Women ...... 5,925 6,038 12,044 ------12,194 Increase by profession ...... 790 637 Increase by certificate ...... 247 187 1,037 — <------824 Decrease by death, removal, &c...... 457 672

Net increase ...... 58° Ï52 Infant baptisms ...... 875 778 Adult 'baptisms ...... 5 3 Moslems, 3 in 1913; 4 in 1912 Others, o in 1913; 1 in 1912 880 — •------781 Average attendance Sabbath morning ... 24,088 25,284 Contributions to all church purposes .... $57,586 $59,307 SABBATH-SCHOOLS, 1913. Number of Sabbath-schools ...... 193 191 Number of pupils in Sabbath-schools : Men ...... 4,687 4,492 Women ...... 3,163 3,357 7,850 — ------7,849 Boys ...... 4,944 4,97i Girls ...... 2,874 3,057 7,818 '------8,028

Total pupils in Sabbath-schools ...... 15,668 15,877 No. officers and teachers in Sabbath-schools : Men ...... 417 411 Women ...... 181 223 598 ------634

Total scholars, officers and teachers ...... 16,266 16,511 68 Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church.

Cost of leaflet paid from Sabbath-school contributions ...... $673 $626 Contributions of Sabbath-schools (includ­ ed in church contributions) ...... $2,895 $3,028 Sabbath-school Lesson Leaflet, copies dis­ tributed weekly ...... 11,700 n,550 Sabbath-school paper (Negm el-Meshrik), copies weekly ...... 1,500 950 YOUNG PEOPLES’ SOCIETIES. No. of Membership, 1913. Presbyteries Societies Men Boys Women Girls Total Delta ...... 18 178 174 113 558 1023 Middle Egypt ...... 18 459 32 193 15 699 Assiut ...... 18 432 139 61 69 701 Thebes ...... 8 63 55 106 61 285

Totals ...... 62 1132 400 473 703 2708

Perhaps at no time in the history of the Mission in Egypt have we passed through a more important and a more interesting period than the one we are in just now, unless it were in the early days of the Mission, when the Coptic community, aroused by the fear that the new evangelical religion would spread all over the land, took drastic measures of opposition and even persecution as effective means, they thought, to stop it. There has lately been aroused a national consciousness of the fact that there is an active and persistent propaganda of Chris­ tian thought and principles at work in the land, which has become a menace to Islam. Opposition to this movement finds expression in the daily press in the way of criticism of Mission methods and of warning to the Central Government and to the Moslem religious leaders and teachers. The Moslem consciousness that there is a Christianity, never known in Egypt since Islam set foot in the Nile Valley, but a Christianity spreading all over Egypt today, brings us to a point in the history of mission work here similar to the one in which early Christianity found itself when heathenism became conscious of the fact that the religion of Jesus Christ was supplanting Juda­ ism and becoming a vital power in the world; and, as then, so now, it may mean that we are at the beginning of grave problems. As this consciousness of the presence of a new force in Chris­ tianity, never before felt, increases, may it not mean new and seri­ ous responsibilities both for the native Church and the Mission? In view of these conditions the Mission has opened a place in its Annual Report for fuller information as to the real character of the evangelistic work done by the native Church. Another consideration that emphasizes the necessity of the Mission and the home Church knowing more definitely the char­ acter of the Church it has established in Egypt, is the awakening among the Copts which is calling forth a real racial interest among the Evangelical pastors and, in fact, among the whole membership. Bgypt— The Native Evangelical Church. 69

Much depends upon the interpretation of that interest and the leadership it receives, lest it narrow the vision of the workers into effort only for the unconverted part of the Coptic community, instead of having as its ultimate object the whole of Egypt for Christ. Even Clement had to warn the early Church, saying, “Keep not apart by yourselves but meet.together and confer upon the common weal.” For these and other reasons the Mission has decided to give the native Church, which it has created and established on self- administrative and self-propagating principles, a place in its An­ nual Report. The response to questions sent out to the workers, pastors and others, has been so hearty and informing that we be­ lieve they appreciate their place among the world-workers for Christ. In order to keep within the limits set for such a report much must be left out that would be profitable to the home Church. Many details that often count for a good deal locally, can hardly have a place here. The personal experience of many workers, that confirms them in the conviction that they have chosen a great service and shows their qualification for the place they fill, must be largely omitted. THE WORKERS. The table at the head of this report gives the total number of pastors, preachers and theological students as 102. Besides these, a large number of school teachers conduct Sabbath ser­ vices, and in some cases have charge of the weekly prayer meet­ ing. The figures include a number of pastors who have held their places in the rank of workers for many years. The longest ser­ vice has been rendered by Rev. Shenudeh Hanna, who has been pastor at Sinnoris for thirty-nine years, and during that time he has received into the church 364 persons. A few of these were Moslems. Another long pastoral service has been that of Rev. Boulos Abd es Shahid, of Akhmim, who has labored there for twenty-three years, and received into the church 117 persons, some of whom were Moslems. Perhaps one of the most interesting figures among the pas­ tors is Rev. Boulos Mekhail, with his inseparable turban, who has been a faithful pastor at Hoor, where he has received into the church 161 persons. For twelve years Rev. Abd es Shahid Hanna has had charge of the Second Church in Minieh, where he has received into the church 138 persons. Many others deserve mention for their long and faithful ser­ vice for Christ. They have been instrumental in building up self-supporting congregations in the central towns they occupy and also of establishing preaching places in nearby villages, in some of which congregations have been developed. It is true of nearly all the pastors in Upper Egypt,- that they have opened 70 Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church. preaching stations in villages which have gradually developed into congregations.

CHURCH SERVICES. Services conducted by pastors and preachers are held every Sabbath in 285 places. As in all the past years, so now the attendance at the Sabbath morning services represents not only Evangelical Christians, but Copts and Moslems, and altogether the number attending is double the church membership. This fact shows one of the wholesome factors in the progressive, if not the aggressive, character of the Church’s work. The preach­ ers report variously on the number of non-Evangelicals who make up their Sabbath morning audiences. Some give the num­ ber one half, others three fourths, and others give the number as double the membership. Not only do these figures appear in the statements sent to the writer, but being himself on the Ibis for three months during the year 1913, it was gratifying to him to see the wholesome condition in many churches which these facts indicate, for they held true in all the meetings he conducted. The fact of these meetings being held in churches, schools and private residences, is not only a Scriptural proceed­ ing, but it is one, the real meaning and influence of which, it is difficult to tabulate and determine.

METHODS OF WORK. Some of the churches report that a number of the members make it their definite aim, through the week and on Sabbath morning, to invite the unconverted to the services. In some churches there is an organized effort to invite people to the Sabbath services. In a large number of churches there are church members, as well as members of the Christian Endeavor Societies, who have a definite plan for teaching and preaching the truth in nearby villages. At Beni Mazar five villages were thus opened to the Gospel in 1913. One village was opened by a member of the church at Mellawi who can neither read nor write. He is a gardener and worked in a garden near a certain village which is owned by a landed proprietor. A Catholic priest was going to this village and fell into conversation with the gardener, who asked the priest how many books there are in the Bible. The priest could not tell, so the gardener said, “And you pose as a leader of these ignorant and perishing villagers and do not know the number of the books of the Bible! How can you teach what is in these books?” The priest then took his turn with a question and said to the gardener, “What is in these books you pretend to know?” The gardener replied, “Well, when you tell me the number of the books, I’ll tell you what is in them.” A crowd gathered and became interested in the discussion, and after press­ Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church. 71 ing the priest for the number of the books, he said, “As you can’t tell me the number, I’ll tell, for the sake of those about us here, what is in part of one book, Romans.” He then told the way of salvation by grace, not by works nor by law, until the crowd became so interested, they asked the gardener to bring his pastor to their village to teach them the truth. This was the beginning of regular work in that village by the Evangelical pastor. He never succeeded in getting the wealthy landed proprietor to become a Christian, but he secured his interest sufficiently to induce him to build a house of worship for the villagers. Similar stories might be given of how the work has been opened up in many villages. These small begin­ nings lead us to believe that were we able to get more definitely into the minds of the church membership the duty and privi­ lege of personal work and testimony, much more could be ac­ complished. One method almost universally used, and held to be an effective means for enlarging the influence of the Church, is that of visiting those who are ill, whether Evangelicals or Copts or even Moslems. Some workers visit Moslems and read the Scriptures to them. Copts visited always express hearty appre­ ciation and deep gratitude for such visits. Another form of effort employed by a number of pastors is an attempt to hold fraternal conversations with Coptic priests over the religious condition of the population of Egypt, Moslems and Copts. Some workers report a pleasant experience in this effort, not only in the sympathy shown, but in trying to lead the priests themselves to realize their spiritual needs and respon­ sibility. One pastor says he has interviews regularly with the priest of his town, and they have prayer together. Most of the pastors also embrace every opportunity offered them to preach in the Coptic churches. These opportunities are increasing at a wonderful rate, and in direct proportion to the enlightenment of the leading Copts and their priests. All the pastors report having preached one or more times in Coptic churches during the year. The invitation to do this preaching always comes from the leading lay members of the Coptic churches, and the readiness and heartiness with which such an invitation is given shows something of the progress that has been made not only in the removal of prejudice, but in creating a real desire to know the truth of the Bible. Today this privilege is not only accorded to the native pastors but to the missionaries in Upper Egypt as well; and the call is so general, except in towns where a Bishop lives or where his influence prevails to prevent it, that all the Church’s work can not easily be tabulated or reported. In various places special evangelistic meetings have been held. These have resulted in bringing many within the hearing of Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church. the Gospel, who were not accustomed to attend the regular ser­ vices. Some souls have been won by these efforts, but the chief result manifest thus far, has been the quickened life and interest of the members of the Church themselves. It is cause for thanksgiving that some of the younger pastors and licentiates are being raised up with the gifts and zeal to lead in special evan­ gelistic work.

EFFORT AMONG MOSLEMS. It has been found impossible in the preparation of this report to arrive at the exact number of Moslems attending the various Evangelical church services throughout Egypt, in 1913. But of fifty responses to the question sent out to workers, two thirds report a varying number of Moslems attending the different meetings. The Rev. W. H. Reed says, “The influence of the Evangeli­ cal Church on Mohammedan thought and life in Upper Egypt is remarkable. The church members have been living among the Moslems as neighbors, having fellowship with them in busi­ ness, daily life and conversation, thus having countless oppor­ tunities for holding up before them Christian principles and ideals, even though they had not perhaps been conscious of influ­ encing them. Thus prejudices have been broken down and Mos­ lems have absorbed much more than they will acknowledge.” It is a matter for greatest gratitude to God that He has called into His Kingdom these church members with the Bible in their hands and much of its truth in their lives; and the prayer of faith should be offered to God constantly for them that they may be used of Him to bring all Egypt to “know the Lord.” One pastor reports the baptism of two Moslems and says they were brought to know the truth through the influence of a simple church member, who by his daily life and influence led them to know the meaning of salvation by grace and the blood of Christ. Another pastor reports two Moslems baptized and the terrible persecution they endured for the truth’s sake. One of them was especially abused by his relatives, and the miracle of grace appears in the fact that when they saw they could not frighten him into returning to Islam, they consented to allow him to live among them as one of the family. Another instance of God making His grace abound towards His own. In one town a simple member of the church led a Moslem, very much his superior in education, to know the meaning of a Saviour, able to save from sin. By reading through the Gospel in a simple way, he was used of God to enable the Moslem to know the meaning of Christ, the Word of God, as a Saviour. Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church. 73 SABBATH SCHOOLS. From the first, the Sabbath-school has either accompanied or preceded the congregation. Probably no other agency has meant so much to the growth of the Church. Here is found the soil of susceptible hearts in which the seed of the word brings forth the richest harvest. Some of the 191 Sabbath-schools re­ ported are connected with Mission institutions, as, for example, that of Assiut College, but by far the larger part are directly under the native Evangelical Church. The more than sixteen thousand pupils reported does not represent all who receive benefit from the Sabbath-school. A little girl in the Haret el Yahud Sabbath-school (Alexandria) told her teacher that she tells her father and mother everything she is taught. An elderly Copt met one of our workers on the railway train. He was a stranger, but in course of their con­ versation told how he had been in great trouble and anxiety. But a picture card which his young daughter had brought home from one of our Sabbath-schools in Cairo had attracted his eye and he found on it just what he needed to dispel the darkness and quiet his heart. The larger pupils in some of the schools teach the lessons regularly to their families and neighbors. A number of congregations have introduced “Rally Day” with good results. It gives prominence to the work among the children. On this day they are given the chief place in the congregation. The sermon is for them, and the song service ar­ ranged especially to suit their needs. Many congregations need yet to learn to give the children their rightful place. These occa­ sions are sometimes used for the distribution of presents and prizes. It is interesting to note, however, that the adults in our Sabbath-schools almost equal in number the children. In the schools that are strictly congregational, in fact, the adults are considerably in the majority. It is an encouraging sight in some congregations far from the main centers to find large classes of men and women, taught by some of their own number, diligently studying the Word. In some places, the lesson is still taught in the form of a general lecture by the pastor or teacher, but increasingly the schools are being properly organized into classes and developed along up-to-date lines. A series of helpful Sabbath-school Conferences was held the past year under the direction of the Presbytery of the Delta. Some fifty schools were represented, and not less than 200 delegates from outside the places of meeting were in at­ tendance. The discussion of various phases of Sabbath-school work was conducted mostly by the teachers themselves, though other speakers were invited for special addresses. Many teachers confessed to a new sense of responsibility in their work as the result of these conferences. The seriousness of the work of dealing 74 Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church. with the souls of children and the opportunity for training the future Church in Egypt and molding the character of the nation, came home with a new force to many. Two lines of Christian effort are specially emphasized in some schools. One is that of personal effort for the unsaved with the aim of bringing them into the Sabbath-school and to Christ. The other is Christian giving, special objects being set before the pupils. In addition to the development of the grace of giving, the contributions of the Sabbath-school are becoming each year a more substantial help to the Church. The Sabbath-school work is capable of indefinite extension and development. In some places the only limitation seems to be the size of the building. .For example, in the Kulali Sabbath- school (Cairo) the addition of fifty pupils was made possible the past year by adding three rooms to the building. But, gener­ ally speaking, here as elsewhere, the great need is for definite, systematic and enthusiastic effort to gather in the pupils and give them the Bread of Life. We look forward eagerly to the coming of the Rev. Stephen V. R. Trowbridge, who has been appointed to work in connec­ tion with the International Sunday School Union,,as its Secretary fqr Egypt, and hope his presence will tell for the increased effi­ ciency of this branch of the Church’s work. YOUNG PEOPLES’ SOCIETIES. The Young People’s Society naturally has been of more recent growth. But the figures show that the movement has attained no mean proportions. It is no longer an experiment. While the growth has been rather slow it is from that very fact normal and healthy. As noted in connection with the Sabbath- schools, many of these societies also are found m the Mission institutions, or at least where the presence of missionaries helps to organize and direct them. But an increasing number are the direct outgrowth of native congregational effort. Prom Cairo alone are reported thirteen societies with 560 members well organized and doing effective work. And all the way from Alexandria to Assuan come reports from other socie­ ties. In these meetings many young people are being built up in their Christian life and finding courage, training and experience in work for the Lord. A specially noteworthy feature is the evangelistic effort carried on by the members. In Alexandria, chiefly through the stimulus of the Christian Endeavor Society, meetings are held in six different quarters of the city. At Monsurah as many as ten villages are visited by the members of the Society. At some of these places regular weekly meetings are held. .The members of the Christian Union in the College at Assiut hold Sabbath services in eighteen villages, at which there is an average weekly Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church. 75 attendance of 800. From the farthest southern point, Assuan comes the report that twenty young men in their society hold meetings for the unsaved. Among those regularly taught are several Moslems. At Sanabu, members go out to villages and give the message to as many as 200 hearers. At Sinnoris, as many as ten meetings are held every Sabbath by members of the Society. At Deirut there are three meetings, and at Abnub eight. These are samples of the practical outworking of the movement. From Minieh another form of effort is reported. There the four societies, with a membership of 100, raise sufficient money to support ten needy families. In Luxor, a society for women and girls meeting after the Sabbath morning service, raised $210. Of this, $100 was given to each of the orphanages* and the remainder to aid a poor congregation in building. In other societies the reports speak of a growing reverence for the Bible and an increase of the spirit of prayer. Such are the outstanding features of this movement. Surely they are enough to quicken hope and prayer that this work may be the beginning of great things for the youth of Egypt.

NEEDS OF THE CHURCH. One need of the Church brought vividly to the writer’s mind, both when he was on the Ibis in the first part of 1913, and during his autumn tour, as also in reading the reports from the churches, was for more lay workers. In the Koos district a definite and continuous work has been carried on by two laymen. One has been a colporteur for a number of years, who, besides distributing books, holds meet­ ings. The other layman is an evangelist who is supported by the senior elder of the Koos church, and who is under the direc­ tion of that session. These men work together a great deal, and two days spent with them, hearing of their experience in going their rounds to more than forty towns and villages revealed some' thing of the possibilities of a definite plan, were such formulated for more workers of this kind, especially were they of the same spirit and devotion to Christ that characterizes these two men. In response to a question as to how the workers dealt with new acquaintances whom they chanced to meet in business or in some public meeting, the replies were not satisfactory, for not more than half the workers have any definite plan for fol­ lowing up any individual, Copt or Moslem, whom they chance to meet and converse with. To the question of what is done to counteract the influence of unwholesome literature now so abundant in the country, but a single answer was given as showing that workers have in mind any definite plan to check and control the reading of such literature by the young.

*See Educational Work, p. 105. 76 Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church.

While a majority of the ministers attend the Annual Prayer Conference, few could report any definite result from the use among their people of the inspiration and new ideas gained at that conference. There is evidently need for earnest planning and praying that these Conferences may more effectively meet the spiritual needs of all. They were initiated with the purpose of seeking a mighty outpouring of God’s Spirit. And this is still the Church’s great need. Yet whatever the needs or shortcomings may be, it means much to have come to a point where the life and influence of the Evangelical Church in Egypt is telling, to an encouraging extent, both among Moslems and Copts. It is no small blessing' bestowed by God upon the efforts of the Church in the Nile Valley. It vindicates the policy adopted in the early history of the work of establishing and developing an independent native Church, free from the traditional encumbrances that have kept all the Eastern Churches from being alive and aggressively evan­ gelistic. Egypt— Evangelistic Work. 77

EVANGELISTIC WORK.

BY THE REV. W. L. m 'CLENAHAN. Your missionaries have been sent out to Egypt in obedience to the command of our Lord, “Go ye into all the world, and preach the Gospel to every creature.” The population of Egypt is at present probably not far from twelve millions. Of this number some eleven millions are Mos­ lems, who, according to the Scriptures are “without God and without hope in the world.” Of the Copts, or “Christian” Egyp­ tians, who are about seven hundred thousand in number, only about thirty-five thousand, or five per cent, are in connection with the Protestant Church. The vast majority of the remainder, so far as a saving knowledge of Christ is concerned, are in an equally hopeless state with the Moslems. Here and there one finds those that give evidence of being truly converted, but such seem to be very few. Holding as we do that “he that believes and is baptized shall be saved, but he that believes not shall be condemned,” we are seeking, by various means, to make the Good News known to every man and woman in this land. Faith comes by hearing and hearing by the Word of God. We are aiming to give all a hear­ ing of that Word.

METHODS AND AGENCIES. To accomplish that end, various methods and agencies are employed. (1) Schools. Here daily Bible lessons are given, and more than that, the pupils, the most of whom come from non- Christian homes, have daily set before them the example of the Christian lives of their teachers. In a country such as this where there is so much that is merely outward religious profession, it is a great advantage to have the truth taught by example as well as by precept. Our teaching is being daily tested by the close contact of teacher and pupil in our day and boarding schools. Many of these pupils become in their turn Christian teachers, evangelists and pastors. (2) Hospitals and Clinics. In these the Word is daily preached by someone, either missionary or native helper. And on account of the close personal contact of patient with doctor and nurse, opportunities for a helpful, word are constantly occur­ ring and these opportunities are rarely missed. 78 Egypt— Evangelistic Work.

(3) Much more evangelistic work is accomplished through the agency of literature than most people at home would suppose. Books and tracts can be multiplied at a far greater rate than missionaries or other workers. The printed page can reach places which the worker cannot well reach. A book or leaflet may be effective at times where the presence of a worker might only provoke discussion and prove a waste of time. In the distribu­ tion of the Scriptures, the most important part of our literature, we have been cooperating for many years with the two Bible Societies (American and British and Foreign). Mention may be made here of E l Huda, our weekly paper. Dr. Finney, who is in charge of it, reports as follows:— “To be able to give its readers a larger amount of information on world movements in thought and reform, we decided to enlarge Ul Huda. The title page is made attractive by special pictures. One of them is the picture of the sun as the source of light. The center of it is to have, from week to week, the name for God in Arabic with some title as ‘God is light,’ ‘God is one.’ This picture will enable us to make special appeal to Moslems in a great var­ iety of articles about God whom they ignorantly worship. The title of the paper itself makes special appeal to Moslems, (Bl Huda/ i. e. ‘The Guide/ This is one of the most important words in their Koran and traditions and in all their religious services and literature. It is one of the words most frequently used in their religious vocabulary. Its special importance to us is that it frequently occurs throughout the Scriptures, especially in the Psalms. Moreover in the first half of the Koran, Christ and the Gospels are called ‘El Huda’ one hundred times. It is the aim of the Mission to make this paper a real Guide to Moslems and to all who will read it. “Another picture at the bottom of .the title page is one given us by Dr. R. J. Miller who formerly used it on the title page of the Bible Teacher. We chose this because it represents the Bible as the foundation of the Church, by a church building standing on the Bible. This picture suggests a very wide and vital appeal to all these Eastern Arabic-speaking people, most of whom have almost everything else as their guide except the Bible. We hope to press this appeal definitely and persistently.” * (4) Another form of evangelistic work is public preaching, in our churches, in schools, on our two mission boats, the Ibis and the Allegheny, and to crowds and groups in the markets and on the streets of villages. Passing by the very important evangelistic work done in the homes for the women, as report of it is given on another page, we may now refer briefly to the part taken by the Egyptian Evangelical Church in this last mentioned form of work, “direct” preaching. A full report of the Church’s work may be found elsewhere, but we may here speak a word touching our relations to it as missionaries. It is practically impossible for ourselves Egypt— Evangelistic Work. 79 or any other band of foreign missionaries to accomplish the evan­ gelization of a land. A native Church must be established and built up. So, in order to produce the requisite number of special work­ ers for the native Church, we have such training schools as those at Assiut. A grant of money is made each year to assist the native Church in carrying on the work under its care. Much of the time of the missionaries on the Ibis has been spent in visiting established congregations. They have gone here and there meeting the pastors, praying with them, endeavoring to encourage them, to show them new methods of work, etc., etc. In all our direct evangelistic work we have the hope not only of winning souls, but also of being of help to our Egyptian brethren in encouraging them in doing what may be called missionary work. If our efforts had no suggestive or educative effect on them, we might well regard them as not a complete success.

WORK AMONG MOSLEMS. In reviewing the situation as regards work among Moslems, what most impresses one is the favorableness of the conditions for aggressive work among them. Much preparation has already been made. Others have labored and it is possible for us now to enter into their labors. Hundreds of thousands of volumes of the Scriptures, large and small, have been distributed, most of them being paid for and therefore read at least to some extent and appreciated. One of our itinerant missionaries, whose time is spent largely among Moslems, says that he has found scarcely a single village where some one does not possess at least one of the small portions of the Scriptures. One of the missionaries working the past year on the Ibis has this to report among other things:— “The mayor of one of the towns practically invited the missionary to speak in front of his dwelling to the crowd collected there. Also the next day as he was passing by, he was invited to come into the house and to speak while a number of the leading men of the town were sent for. “In entering a town of over 5000 inhabitants, which had probably never been visited before by a missionary, we first met one of the leading Moslems on the edge of the town and had quite a long talk with him and a company of his co-religionists about Christ as Saviour. The next day while the missionary was arranging for a meeting in a Christian home, this Moslem sheikh entered and invited us to a special room in which the Moslems meet nightly to listen to the chanting of the Koran. It being a suitable place, the offer was gratefully accepted. It is needless to say that the leading Moslems were present that evening. They listened intently to the Gospel message and gave the missionary full liberty to lead in prayer. It was quite evident from their 8o Egypt— Evangelistic Work. ejaculations during prayer that they were deeply impressed. In their eagerness to show approval, they applauded after the prayer. “At another time three Moslem teachers arrived at the church too late to hear the sermon. They wanted the missionary to give them the substance of the discourse at once, but this was impossible on account of the crowd. The promise was given that if they would come to the boat they could hear the message. Greatly to our surprise they followed us to the boat at the other end of the town the same night and drank in most eagerly the Gospel message.” In the Ezbakiyah, Cairo, the meetings for Moslems have been crowded almost throughout the year, so many coming latterly that we have been compelled to admit by ticket only. A new center opened in the strictly Moslem quarter has also been thronged with eager, though sometimes unruly, crowds. Last spring Dr. Zwemer tried the experiment of inserting advertisements in the daily press, mentioning that literature espe­ cially for Moslems might be had on application to him. More than ioo responded to the first advertisement, sending 25 cents for the literature. The first response was in the shape of a personal visit from a prominent Moslem who has been publish­ ing attacks on Christianity. In the course of an hour’s journey by rail in Egypt one can distribute hundreds of tracts and leaflets without the least difficulty, and they will all be eagerly read. We have seen one of our missionaries kept busy the most of the journey between Cairo and Alexandria, a distance of over 100 miles, preaching the Gospel to the men in the car. Another thing that helps to make our work for Moslems less difficult than it might otherwise be is their recognition of the superiority of the morals of us Christians. Time after time have we heard from them that we— not our religion, let it be noted— are better than they. That is, we do not lie and curse one another as they do, are cleaner in our lives than they, etc. The closer one’s contact with them in their village life, the more one sees how deeply sunk the mass of them are in immorality. One of our missionaries participated last autumn in a joint effort to reach some of the pilgrims to Mecca as they passed through Suez. It was extremely gratifying and encouraging to see how ready these pilgrims, Egyptian, Syrian, Turkish, and Moroccan, were to receive and read our literature.

HINDRANCES. Some of the hindrances may now be mentioned. One of these lies in the state of the Coptic Church. The drinking habits, the covetousness, and the craftiness of most of its members are a great stumbling block to the Moslems. Often, when it is sug­ Egypt— Evangelistic Work. 81 gested to them that we would like them to believe as we do, they reply, “Do you suppose for a’ moment that we would change our religion and become one of these despicable Copts?” In the minds of most of them, to become a Christian would be to be­ come a Copt, whom they so much dislike. Were the Christian Church in Egypt what it should be, there is no doubt that the Moslems of the country would soon be won. Another hindrance, at least to any great show of advance so far as numbers of converts are concerned, arises from the difficulty they meet in confessing Christ. An illustration of this is seen in the following note from one of the missionaries in Alexandria. He says, “The men mentioned in the report of 1912, as they advanced in Bible knowledge and religious exper­ ience, brought upon themselves such a fierce persecution that four of them were obliged to flee from Alexandria. One went to the Sudan and the others to various places in Egypt. One evening six men were in the class, and our study included the tenth chapter of Matthew. When we came to the 39th verse, ‘He that findeth his life shall lose it, and he who loseth his life for my sake shall find it,’ one of the men said to S------, a Bey, ‘You see what we are coming to.’ They came back only twice after that.” One of our converts who was baptized last summer has come through some trying experiences. Shortly after he was baptized he went back to his home town and while there boldly proclaimed the Gospel. He was trapped into publicly saying some things, that the Koran was of human origin, a nice bit of poetry, that Mohammed was a sensual man, fond of women, etc., for which he was arrested and later brought to trial. The judge let him off with a nominal fine, the lightness of his sentence be­ ing probably due in part at least to a certain amount of fear of us foreigners. An appeal was made by the prosecuting attorney, but the higher court sustained the judgment of the lower. How­ ever, we have just heard (February) that owing to continued persecution from relatives and other friends and to tempting offers of financial help from Moslems, he has gone back to Islam. We had supposed him beyond temptation, for he had witnessed such a good confession. We are much pained to hear this report of him but we still hope that he will return to us. We feel that he cannot be at rest where he is. And even if he should never come back, let no one judge him, without having carefully con­ sidered what it would mean to give up all one’s friends and choose the path of poverty and shame. Few, if any of us, know what that means. As conditions are at present, these con­ verts have to be tried with an awful fire. Then, too, the more aggressive we ourselves are, the more determinedly do the enemies of Christ appear to oppose our work. One of the Arabic magazines last year published a most scurrilous article on the character of our Lord. It represented 82 Egypt—-Evangelistic Work.

Him as an immoral man. They have begun to use the latest weapons of the rationalistic critics. They are attempting to show that our Scriptures are wholly unreliable. Those that are leading in this attack on Christianity have of course been edu­ cated on the Continent or in Great Britain. They are chang­ ing their arguments to suit the times. Some of them have be­ gun to admit the fact of Christ’s death, but they explain it away by claiming that it was involuntary, that He was a victim of circumstances. The power of the Evil One in this land has not yet been broken. The audiences we are able to get all over the coun­ try are splendid. But our converts, if we are to judge by the number of confessions, are very few. Many come up apparently to the very gate of the Kingdom, but few enter in.

NEEDS. The chief present need for Egypt is for a greater manifesta­ tion of God’s almighty power in the conviction and conversion of these multitudes which have for so many years been within the sound of the Gospel. For however many may be the open doors, and however great the number of hearers, our aim must ever be to lead men to believe on and confess Christ as Lord. A number of worthy objects of prayer might be mentioned in closing— the coming “Keswick” Convention at Ramleh (Au­ gust 4-12), the work on the new Delta railway car, which will be started we hope this summer, and the effort to secure an­ other boat, for the more distant stretches of the Upper Nile. But the request that probably all of us would put first would be for such a spiritual quickening for ourselves and for the whole. Christian Church in Egypt that we may not only succeed in getting the people to hear our message, but that we may have power “TO OPEN THEIR EYES, TO TURN THEM FROM DARKNESS TO LIGHT, AND FROM THE POWER OF SATAN UNTO GOD.” Egypt— Harem Work. 83

HAREM WORK.

BY MISS RENA L. HOGG.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Bible pupils in hom es: % Beginners ...... 401 Readers ...... 931 i,332 Regular listeners ...... 2,340 Irregular listeners ...... 3.379 — 5.719 7,051 Religions represented : Protestants ...... 1,853 Copts ...... 4,137 Mohammedans ...... 810 Others ...... 251 7,051 Number of workers in homes, special : Women ...... 48 Men ...... 8 56 Number of Women’s Missionary Societies and Girls’ Societies ...... 29 Attendance at Women’s and Girls’ Missionary Societies : Women ...... 550 Girls ...... 1,500 2,050 Membership in churches, women ...... 6,038 Attendance at Sabbath morning services: Women ...... 7,687 Girls ...... 2,829 — ------10,516 Number of women and girls in Egypt under the in­ fluence of the Gospel, estimated ...... 17,000

Harem work in Egypt is beyond the reach of our measuring rod. It is partly the work of the foreign missionary, but more largely the work of the Egyptian Evangelical Church. It is part­ ly the work of formally appointed Bible women, but more largely the outgrowth of congregational life, and of the unrecorded ef­ forts of humble Christians of whom the missionary never hears. In twenty-five or thirty of Egypt’s cities, towns and vil­ lages, certain Egyptian Christians have been officially set apart as harem workers to carry to the women in their homes the message we are here to deliver. There are about fifty of these salaried workers, most of whom are giving their whole time to 84 Egypt— Harem Work. the work, and many of whom are supported in whole or in part by the congregations to which they belong. At ten of the more fortunate centers, there lies side by side with the work of these Eastern Bible women and Bible men the work of their foreign missionary sisters from the West. It is only at these centers that our touch with the workers is sufficient­ ly constant for intimate knowledge, and, as we naturally talk most of what we know best, it is with the work in these mission stations and other suburbs that our annual reports are mainly oc­ cupied. This may prove misleading unless the pictures presented are viewed as typical. We must bear in mind, therefore, as we read, that at many a smaller center, with less of oversight and less to help and stimulate, the same kind of work is day by day attempted. * In Mrs. Finney’s report from Alexandria we are confronted at once with one of the greatest difficulties that meet us in striving to reach the women of the land— the problem of how to secure suitable workers. One Bible woman had been remov­ ed by death, and another having married, was no longer free for official duty. Naturally it is but seldom that a married wom­ an’s circumstances allow her to devote her life to such a call­ ing, and the prejudices against an unmarried woman’s going freely from house to house have been so strong that time was when the ranks had to be filled entirely from the halt, the maim­ ed, and the blind. One marks with gratitude a change of at­ titude towards our Bible women and towards their office; but vacancies are still hard to fill, and often the efficiency that one would wish to precede election must be the aftergrowth of ex­ perience in God’s school of labor. The first one engaged to fill the vacancy in Alexandria had great zeal but little knowledge, and while capable of teaching reading, might not have proved helpful as a preacher. It was necessary, therefore, to select for her only such pupils as were being taught to read the Bible, and in this branch of work she has been very faithful and useful. She received much help at the Bible Women’s Conference at Assiut, and is so happy in being able to do something for God, that Mrs. Finney feels hopeful that she will develop eventually into an efficient and de­ voted worker. The second addition to the staff is a woman of very differ­ ent caliber, a born leader with a wonderful knowledge of Scrip­ ture and great readiness of expression. Mrs. Finney writes of her as follows:— “She began work in August with great en­ thusiasm and has now eighty-eight regular pupils, of whom sev­ en are Protestants, nine Moslems, and the majority of the rest Copts. These she visits weekly. She has also more than doubled the attendance at the women’s meeting in Sitt* Esther’s house,

* Arabic word meaning “lady” and equivalent to the title Mrs. or Miss. Egypt— Harem Work. 85 raising money among her pupils to buy books and chairs for the meeting. A number of her women she brings to church with her. In this quarter of the city, the Coptic priests make vig­ orous opposition to our work, and it has greatly pleased me to discover that she always meets their attacks with Scripture. I said to her one day, ‘How is it that you know your Bible so well?’ She answered that two years ago she was not at all happy in her Christian life, and that she had prayed mightily to God that He would give her joy. He did, and ever since that time the Bible has been a new Book to her, and its truths have had new meaning. She is still learning as well as teaching, and gives promise of increasing power.” In three other districts women’s prayer meetings are con­ ducted by blind Khalil, who is “as earnest and faithful as ever,” and many of the women are visibly growing in grace. In Zakasik also the work suffered from changes in the work­ ing staff. Bista Ibrahim had won her way into the hearts of the people and had nearly 100 weekly hearers, eleven of them learn­ ing to read. Though hampered by her blindness, she had ac­ quired great influence in the homes she visited, the women respecting her force and candor as much as they loved her for her kindness. Their Sabbath breaking caused her genuine dis­ tress, and her fearless rebukes were made more effective by their knowing that she herself would fast if the only food avail­ able had been bought for her on the Lord’s Day. Her life im­ proved the atmosphere of her unhappy surroundings. In the middle of the year she was removed to Tanta for work in the hospital, and a long vacancy at Zakazik made the missionaries’ hearts heavy. Two Bible women, however, were at last secured, and though new workers cannot immediately fill the places of those well-known, prospects are brightening and good work is being done. Two incidents illustrate the nature of the soil is which we sow and the oft-repeated miracle of the sprouting seed. A woman in a neighboring village, left childless by the death of her two children, had given herself up with the aban­ don of the East to hopeless grief. Her husband, though a rig­ orous Copt, was driven at last to ask the help of the missionary. Mrs. Hart visited the woman, but found her entirely un­ responsive, almost absent-minded, her constant refrain being, “God is cruel; what have I done?” Sympathy must have suc­ ceeded, however, in touching some secret spring, for after the visit, the woman began to take more interest in life, and finally asked for lessons in the Bible. On Mrs. Hart’s return, she found an almost incredible change. The woman was eager to tell her all that she had learned which was no small amount. “It was touching,” Mrs. Hart writes, “to see her childlike repentance, and her real joy in her Saviour. ‘Believe me,’ she said, drawing closer and closer to me, ‘I did not know it was a sin to talk 86 Egypt— Harem Work. as I did last time. I thought that God was hard, but now I love Him, and I will never talk so again, no matter what He does to me.’ ” The other was a case of wayside sowing. The Bible wom­ an leaving the house where three of her Coptic pupils lived, had an opportunity to talk with the Moslem woman who owned the house. Unknown to her, strained relations existed between the owner and her lodgers. The owner considered the passage leading to her lodgers’ rooms an excellent place for her hens to exercise, and contended that the passage was not included in the rent. The lodgers, on the other hand, showed an irrational an­ tagonism to hens, and strife was frequent. The Bible woman, all unconscious of her circumstances, talked to her hearer of love and forgiveness, and quoted the text, “Let not the sun go down upon your wrath.” To the Moslem, it was an entirely new con­ ception of duty, and, with a ready obedience, that might put us to shame, she immediately righted the wrong of the past, ask­ ing her lodgers’ forgiveness, and promising them that her poul­ try should trouble them no more. She has been as good as her word. Peace now reigns on the premises. The work at Monsurah and Tanta has been hampered by changes and limitations, not so much in the Egyptian as in the American staff. At Monsurah, Mrs. Work is just becoming acquainted with her new sphere. She hopes soon to be able to give Sitt W ar da, the Bible woman, some help- in her work. H er -special need is to be led out into new homes. She is timid of making a way into Moslem homes or of breaking up new ground of any kind, though her pupils make good progress in reading and memorizing the Scriptures. Miss Bell tells of work at nearby villages, which she tries to visit regularly. At Aga, a dozen girls in attendance at a boys’ school are gathered for special Bible lessons, and after­ wards, while they sew, she hears the passages of Scripture they have learned since her last visit. A native evangelist holds a weekly meeting for women, and when the missionary comes, the women seem hungry for the heart-to-heart talks her visit makes possible. At Telka there are two promising pupils and a group of interested listeners. A hopeful work is going on, too, on the outskirts of Monsurah itself, among the poorest of the poor. To this Miss Bell has devoted a forenoon weekly and finds the time sadly insufficient. “The most interesting pupil here,” she writes, “is a Moslem woman who, when she first heard the story of the woman of Samaria, seemed to awake as from the sleep of despair. She always begs for a longer lesson, and even though the men of her family are present, never fails to ask the mis­ sionary to lead in prayer.” From Tanta Mrs. Boyd writes, (and how many places would echo her words), “We need a missionary for harem work; Egypt—Harem Work. 3 7 all are bound by other duties. A wide door is open. The women are glad to hear. There is no indifference to discourage, only a great opportunity, and so few to enter in.” Two women’s prayer meetings are held weekly, each in a different home. Many of the women help to gather in their neighbors, and several have this year learned to pray. Much work is done by the Bible women and even by Egyptian Christians in visiting homes where death has entered and where crowds have gathered to wail. There is no difficulty in securing entry to Mohammedan houses. Sitt Iskandera reports that Moslem men often stop her on the street to ask her to visit their wives. Sitt Warda, ar­ riving at a Moslem home, where she was accustomed to give a lesson, found a large tent erected for the performance of a Zikr.** Thinking her visit inopportune, she was about to retire, wThen she was observed by the head of the house. To her sur­ prise, he invited her to enter and introduced her to the assembled people, telling them that she had the Book of God, and would read to them the words of God. All she said was received with respect and praise, and whenever she passes the house, she is urgently invited to enter. A t Benha the work is largely among Mohammedans, and there are, besides the school teachers, only three Protestant fami­ lies in the town. “Our women,” Mrs. Walker writes, “all love Um* Waheeba (the Bible woman) and often go out visiting with her in Moslem homes, but we have not a woman except her who can read or write her name. We cannot add to our roll fast, but there are certainly many Mohammedans very much in­ terested and much nearer the Kingdom than they were a year ago.” Fifty-seven women are being taught to read. On the other hand, places where the Bible woman had formerly friend­ ly and interested groups of Moslem hearers are no longer open to her. Meetings for Moslems held by Dr. Zwemer and Mr. Mikhail Monsur in the Benha bookshop seemed to awaken the men to the real significance of the Bible woman’s efforts. Their fears were further confirmed by the conversion of a boy from Sheblanga, and of a girl in the Ezbakiyah school, Cairo, whose brother lives in Benha, and whom the Mudir’sf family tried in vain to induce to recant. Thus the very success for which we have prayed and given thanks has acted as a temporary check on progress. Meanwhile the Bible woman is having a chance to work in other neglected corners. Almost ten women attend a weekly prayer meeting in Mrs. Walker’s home, and nineteen are members of the Missionary Society.

**A Mohammedan religious exercise in which a group of men ar­ ranged in a circle, work themselves into ecstasy and exhaustion by vio­ lently bending the body forward and crying, “Allah! Allah!” * “Um ” means mother. A fter the birth of her first son, a woman is known as “Mother of ...... ” fThe Governor of the Province. 88 Egypt— Harem Work.

In Cairo fourteen Bible women are employed, and the total number of regular pupils is over 900. Miss Thompson writes:— “More than 130 regular hearers were enrolled in excess of last year, fifty-four of whom were Moslems, 184 Moslems being en­ rolled as taking regular lessons. A new teacher was taken on in February for this kind of visiting, and she is superintended by Mrs. Zwemer, who has done a very great deal of visiting with the Bible women in five different quarters of the city, hold­ ing meetings in two districts, where Copts and Moslems at­ tend. The Bible woman has sixty names on her roll, a few of whom are Copts. “Our teacher in Shubra has 114 enrolled as pupils, and Sitt Bukhtea has 227, of whom ninety-eight are Mos­ lem women. She conducts four prayer meetings in as many districts. One of her districts is in a place where there are poor huts, close together, where it is easy to meet many people, and where they are very willing to listen. Here only one of the women can read, but a few are trying to learn. She goes once a week also to a district newly occupied by the Mission, near the Moslem center of the city. There several doors were open- ed, and then shut against us, but we trust the prayers offered for the work will yet be heard. Eleven weekly prayer meet­ ings for women are held in various districts, besides those in the six different schools for girls, and these have had an average attendance of 223 women. More meetings could be held, if we had more of a force, or if the superintendent were freed from other work. “Dr. Hunt has continued his monthly lectures, or lessons with the Bible women all present. Just now the text-book is ‘Christ in all the Scriptures,’ of which Dr. Zwemer gave each one an Arabic translation. At this meeting the teachers give in their monthly reports of work, books sold, etc., and it helps to keep up the enthusiasm of the workers. They have also been very much helped by annual attendance at the three conferences for Bible women and missionary ladies held at Assiut. Some of them seem to have had their spiritual lives very much deep­ ened, and their interest and faith in the conversion of Mos­ lems very much strengthened. One of the two Syrian Bible women from Mardin, Turkey, did so much for her pupils in Shubra in gathering them for prayer meeting on Thursdays, that we rented a flat in a house to accommodate them, and in March an afternoon Sabbath-school and service were begun. In November the morning services were begun, and this part of the work was put in charge of Dr. Hunt with the four senior theo­ logical students. We think it is a promising district, and hope there will some day be an organized congregation. All of the married ladies in Cairo have done a good deal of visiting, es­ pecially Mrs. Harvey, who visited all the summer as well among the church members.” OLDER GIRLS AT THE PRESSLY MEMORIAL INSTITUTS UNDER THE ORANGE TREES ON THE CAMPUS. Egypt— Harem Work. 89

A t Medinet el Faiyum, Mrs. Neal McClanahan has been vis­ iting largely among the women of the church and Mrs. Askren helps the work in unnumbered ways; but the Bible women’s work has been officially both here and in Beni Suef under Miss Paden’s care. The Faiyum Bible woman shows special zeal in the distribution of books by sale and gift,, whenever opportunity offers. She encourages her own pupils to read other religious books in addition to their study of the Bible, and seems to take a great interest in their spiritual welfare. She holds occasional meetings, attended almost entirely by Moslems, in a village open­ ed by Mrs. Reed, and alternates with the pastor’s wife in con­ ducting a weekly prayer meeting in a district of the town at a distance from the church. An off-shoot of the work was begun at Fidimin last year, and this is still progressing. The young Bible teacher is win­ ning her way steadily. A Coptic priest who objected strenuous­ ly to his daughter’s taking lessons was quite disarmed when he made her acquaintance, and even invited her to add his wife to her list of pupils. The Beni S u ef Bible woman has also done faithful work, praying with and for her pupils, and showing anxiety for their conversion, especially for those of them who are Mohammedans. Her caution in one case received an impressive rebuke. A little Moslem woman had been reading in the Book of Proverbs, and Um Zaky suggested the Psalms as a substitute. To her surprise the answer was, “No, I want to read about ‘Sayyidna. Esa*/ " which is the Moslem name for Jesus. This pupil is now deeply interested in the Gospel of John. Among other incidents that have cheered the teacher was the close of a feud between an aunt and niece who had not exchanged greetings for three years, and a victory over mourning customs in the case of another of her pupils. The women’s meeting, also, has grown steadily, its at­ tendance averaging about twenty. Beni Suef prides itself on its city ways; and its worldliness, its modern fashion of having days “at home,” and the exclusiveness of its city life are all obstacles that make work difficult. A t Assiut one of our Bible women has been forced by old age to lay down her task, and another has been disabled by tu­ berculosis, but five other Bible women and one Bible man are in the service, all faithful and some valuable laborers. There have been the usual encouragements— interested audiences, rec­ onciliations and victories in the fight with evil mourning cus­ toms, but, as elsewhere, results have been for the most part of the kind that cannot be tabulated. Two incidents, however, were of special interest. After the conference that closed the year 1912, Bakheeta Salih had returned to her work full of a new feeling towards

*"Sayyidna Esa” means “Our Master Jesus.” Moslems use this ex­ pression in connection with all of their prophets. 9b Egypt— Harem Work.

sin, and a new hunger for souls. A man who was a drinker, gambler and smoker, though a jolly and agreeable fellow, had been in the habit of making playful interruptions during her Bible talks with the people in whose house she lived. She had always answered him' pleasantly, and remained friendly. On this occasion, one of her audience, a Christian man, laughed at his sallies. To Bakheeta the whole position had taken on a new significance, and in talking to the Christian she was moved to tears of distress over the state of the other. They united in prayer for him while he stood an awed and silent spectator. Conviction came upon him as he listened, and he joined in the .prayer. When she ended, he swore upon her Bible to give up his evil ways. Bakheeta says that never in her life had she such a consciousness of the Holy Spirit’s reality and presence as dur­ ing that prayer, and the man continues to live an entirely al­ tered life. The other was the case of a “woman who was a sinner” and whose heart was touched on her first hearing of the Word. Bakheeta was much moved in relating the circumstances at the Volunteer’s meeting, and begged our prayers on her behalf. She continued to visit the woman, and soon the influence spread through the woman to the man who shared her life. They im­ mediately separated, and they seem now to be sincere Chris­ tians, the man having become a member of the Plymouthite Church. The Volunteer movement among the women and girls of Assiut characterizes a new era in women’s work dating from a little more than two years ago. This phase of work is still a joy and an anxiety. Ill health, the duty of nursing sick rela­ tives, and absence from Assiut have proved unavoidable hin­ drances in the lives of some of our best workers. One of the cottage, meetings was snuffed out by the removal of Mrs. Grant to Tanta. Another was abandoned by one of our finest women at the mandate of her husband, who declared the district un­ safe. His daughter’s work came under the same ban, and we have feared that his diseased notion might prove infectious. Substitutes are difficult to secure, and are not always acceptable. The work has branched out, however, in several directions. Assiut volunteers have set others to work in Abnub, and lend their own efforts on their frequent visits to that town. They also aided in starting a somewhat similar effort in Minieh, at the request of Rev. Abd esh Shaheed, and their influence and words were far more effective in winning the women to enter the service than were the efforts of the missionary. Three new meetings have been started in Assiut itself, and two promising Sabbath-schools have been organized in connec­ tion with primitive day schools, in one of which religious teach­ ing had been non-existent, and in the other, meagre and untrust­ worthy. In the former, the Sabbath-school is under the: care Egypt— Harem Work, 91-

of Miss Williams and some Khaiyatt school girls who are keenly interested in the venture. In the latter, the girls are taught eacli Sabbath by two girls from the Pressly Memorial Institute, and •the Egyptian teacher who accompanies them has a class of mothers, numbering from twelve to twenty, many of whom are Mohammedans. Weighing our successes and failures, we see no reason for discouragement, and should it threaten us, a talk with some of the Volunteers about their work would be sufficient to dis­ pel the clouds. That they love the women, that they long and pray for spiritual results, that their faith in the possibility of a Mohammedan’s conversion strengthens instead of wanes, that with no one to applaud or encourage, they stick to their guns— these are causes for abundant thanksgiving. To this work in Assiut we might apply Miss Thompson’s verdict as to similar work done by herself and her Bible wom­ en in Cairo, “It might be indefinitely extended could the super­ intendent be free from other duties.” Our greatest discourage­ ment has been our inability to -find time to give the movement the care it calls for, and whether this is the superintendent’s fault, or her misfortune, she cannot tell. Miss Criswell hopes this year to be able to give the girls’ branch cf the work the superintendence it requires. In Luxor three Bible women are employed and nearly 200 of their pupils are reading the Bible. One of the women is very delicate, but works in spite of illness. Another shows -great zeal in seeking for Mohammedan pupils, while the youngest is spe­ cially helpful in bringing the women to the Sabbath and mid­ week services. Eighteen Mohammedans are under regular in­ struction. Mrs. Philips mentions as an obstacle to progress a difficulty which we have all felt— the disposition of our Egyptian sisters to accept unquestioningly the low estimate that it has been customary to put upon them. That evil customs should be abol­ ished and the Gospel should be preached, they are abundantly ready to concede, but,— “We are just women; what can we do?” In many cases husbands and fathers, perhaps not unnaturally, find it convenient to foster this attitude, and are not anxious to help a work that may prove subversive of ancient order. One Luxor woman bravely defied criticism, and joined Mrs. Philips in her work upon the Ibis, which introduced her into a new field of effort and of possibility. There could be no better school for quickening an evangelistic spirit and we wish its doors could be opened to many others. Surely, “Thy King­ dom come” would take on for them new meaning, and they would return to their homes enriched not only in experience, but in faith and vision. Work on our Mission boats differs largely from the work we have described. True, it is unnecessary to go beyond the bounds of fthe central stations to find spiritual need that no: 92 Egypt— Harem Work.

plumb can fathom. But when we move from place to place this need seems to knock at our hearts with more insistence. Its ever varying aspect leaves the senses undulled, and one's hunger to meet it retains a keener edge. In the Delta on the Allegheny, the work has so far been entirely of a pioneer character. Copts are almost a negligible quantity, and for the most part are as ignorant and bigoted as were the Copts of Upper Egypt fifty years ago. The dense pop­ ulation is Moslem, and their religion holds the people in a grip whose deadliness only those who labor to release them can fully realize. Medical-evangelistic work is the branch of our endeavor most full of striking incidents. As the people gather with their terrible physical ills in painful evidence, they form just such a crowd as must have thronged the Christ when “there went a fame of Him abroad throughout the country.” Impressions picturesque, terrible and amusing, follow in each other’s wake with bewildering rapidity. Of the spiritual condition of tne sufferers and the missionaries’ efforts to lighten their darkness, Mrs. Pollock writes, “Never before have the workers among women on the Allegheny felt a greater need for lives empowered with the Holy Spirit. The lives of the poor Moslem women are empty, yes, ignorant and empty as far as the knowledge of this world is concerned, but infilled with the powers of dark­ ness. How wretched, how very sinful they are, and how much one hears from them of the evil spirits that afflict them. Accord­ ing to their own story, only one God-given angel affects their lives, and he is Israfeel, the Angel of Death, who causes more misery than the others. Their God is not a reality, as one soon learns from themselves, as well as from our Saviour, who says, ‘I am the way. No man cometh unto the Father but by me/ “Hundreds of women have been met this autumn and winter in the little tent erected for women to wait in before and after seeing the doctor. Many mornings the teaching has continued from 9 A. M. till 12. The afternoons were reserved for house visiting, Sharebas being the only place where we fail­ ed to get into a single house. Among those who visited the tent was a Haggi,* with whom the Lord is working. Her sins had been troubling her for some years, so she persuaded her husband to take her along with him to Mecca, thinking that she would find relief there. The relief was temporary and very dis­ appointing, as she confessed before the tent-full of women one morning. When she heard of the doctor’s boat on the canal, she thought that being cured of a slight bodily affliction might bring peace to her heart. Never shall I forget the tears and pained face of that tall fine-looking Egyptian princess, for such shall she be in Christ, I trust. She feared no one, but just plead­ ed with me to tell her about Christ, if it was He who would give

* One who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca, or (in the case of Copts) to Jerusalem. Egypt— Harem Work. 93 her peace. She understood in both mind and spirit, I believe, and before she left she prayed that Christ would wash her sins away. She parted from us full of joy, and as she mounted her steed with its fancy saddle, for she was the sister of the Omdeh (mayor) of a large town, my prayer was that the Spirit who brought her might protect and teach her as she returned to her fanatical and godless home. “Another soul who has been much in our prayers is Sitt Amna. Her husband died when she was quite young, leaving her with several small children. She being very attractive, was soon asked for by the Omdeh of the town. It nearly broke her heart, she said, to leave her children in the former husband’s house, but could she refuse the head man of the town ? However, after six months he divorced her, because she was unhappy; and for her children’s sake, the former husband’s older brother married her. Naturally his wife was jealous, and after much quarreling, she bit Sitt Amna’s finger, making an ugly wound that became badly infected. Nothing had been done for it, so she had good reason for seeking the doctor with a great gaping wound open to the bone, and a badly swollen hand and arm. On account of low Nile, the boat remained there only a short time, but it was won­ derful how the Lord was blessing the means used for the pois­ oned arm. However, the hunger of that woman’s soul was the encouraging feature. She was disgusted with Mohammedan­ ism and said her life was truly hell. Her heart was crying out for peace. Each day we read and prayed together on deck for the sake of privacy, which we could not have in the tent. She herself prayed a simple but intelligent prayer to Christ, and He alone knows if His spirit did find a resting place in that trou­ bled heart . . . And so the life of the lady missionary on the Allegheny is filled with groanings in the spirit that cannot even be uttered, for that great mass of Mohammedan women who can be satisfied with nothing less than the Water of Life, Christ Himself. “Miss Margaret Smith spent two weeks of her vacation on the boat, and her prayers and efforts among the women will bring forth fruit in the day of harvest. Miss Paden was also greatly used in the district south of Cairo. So many doors were open, and her presence made it possible for simultaneous meetings to be held among the women daily.” This region south of Cairo, into which the Allegheny is driven when the canals of the north are too low for use, is part of the district to which Miss Paden is especially assigned, and it is a joy to our hearts that in her district she has this year been able to visit twenty-eight towns and villages. We are all striving for the same ends, whether engaged in Arabic study or nursing, or in housekeeping or school-keeping, or as is fre­ quently the case, in a little of all combined, and when we look longingly out at the broad field and fret, as we are apt to do, 94 Egypt— Harem, W ork. against our limitations, it is a satisfaction to remember that we have freed one of our number from every other claim to de­ vote herself entirely to the spiritual interests of the Egyptian women of the present generation. Does the home Church real­ ize that our number is so insufficient that only one can thus be freed? Could its members accompany Miss Paden on her visits they would long to see her multiplied a hundred fold. From Cairo to Assiut the Ibis has been in use, but the num­ ber of villages touched by Mrs. Philips, Mrs. Finney and others, it is impossible to compute. All who spent even a few days in the work prized the privilege, but much of the time no lady worker was available. The boat work in Upper Egypt has differed from that in the Delta not only because the boat carried no physician, but because of a radical difference in the character of the country. In these southern regions, scattered amongst villages wholly Mo­ hammedan and wholly untouched, are villages partially Copt but almost untouched, and villages where in the midst of the Coptic population are little communities who know the Lord. Here our responsibilities are complex— the work to be done, not merely the telling of the Gospel message to Moslems, but the removal from their path of the stumbling-block of corrupt Coptic Chris­ tianity and the leading forth of little nuclei of true Christians into the work for which God has saved them. Mingling with these Christians we realize vividly the truth of the statement with which our report opened, that harem work in Egypt is beyond the reach of our measuring rod. The most exact statistics would fail to gauge it, a fact the less to be re­ gretted since, in the inaccurate Orient, figures must be swallowed with an amount of salt that spoils their flavor. Beyond the reach of all gross numbering, are the unrecorded efforts of un­ official workers in whom God’s Spirit moves. One comes upon their traces constantly— gracious surprises that send one hope' fully on one’s way. And even of official laborers how can we gauge the work? Foreign missionaries labor at ten centers and itinerate in two boats, but the centers at which Egyptian Christians are station­ ed have for years been numbered at over 250, and where the life of man is touched, the life of woman is eventually touched also. At the present rate of increase, women will this year num­ ber more than men on the Church’s roll, and its Sabbath services and women’s prayer meetings have been a large factor in this quiet, steady growth. Such services are led by pastor or evan­ gelist, elder or teacher, according to the circumstances of the little Protestant community in question. Occasionally it is the wife of one of these functionaries who leads the women’s meeting, and the women’s class on Sab­ bath— a wife who has enjoyed a training in the boarding school at Assiut or elsewhere. And assuredly, without a woman’s help, Egypt— Harem Work. 95 success can be but partial. A woman can dress the message in more homely garb to reach dulled brains. She can, without of­ fence, lay bare the women’s weaknesses because they are her own. She can lead in the discarding of evil customs against which her husband can but argue. She can be herself the mes­ sage that he only preaches. Where the worker has no such help­ meet he feels badly maimed, and it is there that the universal longing for missionary aid and encouragement finds its most wistful and urgent expression. How can we help them? Our numbers are insufficient even for the work we have already on hand. It must be through her own members that the Church’s success shall eventually be achieved. But how ? The Church is yet blind to the height of her calling. Like many a Christian congregation at home, she is tempted to live for her own edification, not to seek and to save the lost. In the midst of Egypt’s benighted millions such self­ ishness seems doubly criminal. Many of our Christians are like Saul— converted, but with scales upon their eyes. Our mission to them, whatever methods we use, must be the loving and broth­ erly mission of Ananias, for it is God’s will that they receive their sight, that He may send them forth to the Moslem Gentiles around. “I will yet for this be enquired of by the house of Israel to do it for them.” “What will ye that I shall do unto you?” “Lord, that their eyes might be opened.” In our discouraged moods in the valley of criticism, where distorting mists hang low, we look out on Egypt and see its Christian army an army without breath or motion. But in the valley of vision we see that the breath of God is already animat­ ing many, and when it comes in strength and fulness, that army will stand upon its feet a mighty power. “Lord receive thy work,” and the women that publish to Islam the glad tidings of salvation shall be “a great host.” 96 Egypt— Educational Work.

EDUCATIONAL WORK.

BY THE REV. J. H. BOYD.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of schools: For girls ...... 48 For boys ...... 148 196 Number of teachers (other than missionaries in charge) : Women ...... 199 Men ...... 365 564 Number of pupils— Girls ...... 5,554 Boys ...... 10,993 16,547 Number of pupils paying tuition in whole or part ...... 13,689 Number of pupils free tuition ...... 2,858 16,547 Number of schools directly under care of missionaries ----- 28 Number of schools in out-stations ...... 168 196 Grade of schools: Theological Seminary ...... 1 Colleges, Assiut (for men), Cairo (for girls) ...... 2 Girls’ Boarding Schools ...... 4 Preparatory Schools ...... 189 196 Religion of pupils: Protestants ...... 4,328 Copts ...... 8,884 Moslems ...... 2,441 Others ...... 894 16,547 Nationality of pupils: Egyptians ...... 15,642 Others ...... 905 16,547 Receipts: From native sources, tuition, boarding fees, &c...... $119,327 Donations, endowments and miscellaneous ...... 8,493 Mission treasury ...... 40,429 Expenses*— T otal for all educational work ...... $168,249

Things educationally in Egypt are very much on the move. Time was when the Mission School easily held the lead because of its advantage in western ideas and the greater faithfulness and better morals on the part of its teachers, together with the fact that there were so few schools worthy of mention. But today a great change has taken place. A teacher who ten years ago receiv­ ed fifteen dollars, now receives thirty. Both the government and Egypt— Educational Work. 9 7 independent organizations have been multiplying schools rapidly. The standard fixed by the government in curriculum and equip­ ment has added to the troubles of the Mission School. New pro­ vincial schools, with free tuition and books, have cut in on our attendance in some places, reducing the income, and thereby increasing the cost beyond the appropriation. To be sure the Christian teaching has been a large factor in cutting down our attendance; yet probably it is not so much because of the opposition to our teaching itself, with its deep moral influence on the pupils, as that it has been used as a club, by both influential Copts and Mohammedans, to build up their own schools, and frequently the leaders of both of these sects have exhausted their anathemas upon those who would choose a Protes­ tant school for their children rather than one of their own kind. Many parents assure us that it is only pressure from those in authority over them that has caused them to withdraw their children from our school. But with all this opposition and competition by better equipped schools, with an ever increasing cost, the village boys’ schools have held their own this last year; while all of the cen­ tral schools, with the single exception of Zakazik, have increased greatly in number. Not only is this so, but the Bible lessons have been given with less opposition than ever before. And while these conditions and a limited appropriation are restricting the school work in the Delta, a move on the part of the Ministry of Education, requiring larger playgrounds, better lighted class rooms, and proper school equipment throughout, has brought under direct mission superintendence a large num­ ber of self-supporting schools. As is known to the readers of these annual reports, almost every Protestant* community has its own school. Many of these are conducted in the church or in a building intended to serve the double purpose of church and school. The teacher of the day is often the preacher of the evening. These Protestant schools have felt the tremendous competition of well equipped schools, and, in order to hold their Mohammedan boys, with their financial support, have often com­ promised by excusing such from the daily Bible lesson. Were the new regulations of the Government applied at once, nine- tenths of these schools would be compelled to go out of busi­ ness. Thus the whole educational work of the Synod of the Nile was in jeopardy. That of the Mission was made secure by the capitulations which place foreign communities under their consuls. In this crisis the Educational Committee of the native Church turned to the Mission for help, asking that the chair­ manship of the Synodical Committee as well as that of the

*The term Protestant, like Evangelical, is used to distinguish the native Church with its adherents and institutions from the Coptic or nominally Christian Church of Egypt, 98 Egypt— Educational Work.

Presbyterial Committees be held by American missionaries, thus bringing all their schools under American protection. The Mission granted this request but having no desire to stand between the Government and an influential native community, has demanded that every effort be made to bring these schools up to the re­ quired standard, while insisting that a daily Bible lesson be given to all, irrespective of their religion. Already is the in­ fluence of the new arrangement being felt for the better. The Mission has appointed one of her best young men to give his full time and effort to superintending and inspecting these schools. Thus the close of the year 1913 finds the Mission with a large number of additional schools through which to give her ideals and teaching to Egypt, (and that at no additional cost), the village schools of the Delta holding their own in number of pupils, the central schools for boys better established than ever, the girls’ schools equal to the best in the land, with Assiut Training College wielding an ever increasing influence for good through her better trained young men, the teachers and preach­ ers, and evangelists of the Gospel, and the Girls’ College in Cairo exerting its powerful influence on the daughters of Egypt’s aristocracy. The Bible lessons have been given with greater faithfulness and with less opposition than ever before, and the special evangelistic services in Assiut College, Pressly Memorial Institute and the Girls’ College have yielded precious results. How can we make the reader of this report see and feel what the missionary sees and feels and hopes. We want your con­ stant prayers for the teachers and their pupils. You can only share the burden with us, you can only pray intelligently when you know. That you may know, these few facts are gathered out of the various reports for the past year.

DELTA VILLAGE SCHOOLS. To the Delta missionary nothing is dearer than his village schools. It is through these that the way has been broken into the very stronghold of Islam. In some places the school has had to be closed but because of what it did, the missionary receives a warm welcome and is free to give his message. Those that are left are not needed as a means of education. Others now exist for that purpose, but Mr. Hart, telling of the Zakazik schools, gives a sufficient reason for their continuance. “All of the na­ tive schools, with a very few exceptions among the Copts, teach the Mohammedan religion and the Koran, so that if any of the children of the Delta are to have Christian schooling, our schools are needed. They are still more necessary when we remember that they supply our evangelists. From one little school, one that has had a fierce struggle for existence, have come three boys looking forward to the Christian ministry. Had it not been Egypt— Educational Work. 99 for this little school, these would not only have been lost to the Christian force in Egypt, but might even have embraced Islam, as so many are doing. “Again these schools are necessary, as they ever have been, as evangelistic centers for their several communities. I think this has never been s6 apparent as this last year. Sabbath ser­ vices have been maintained throughout the year, and a Sab- bath-school as well in connection with each school. Bible study, this past year, has had greater acceptance than ever before; not that the effort has not always been made to emphasize this study above all others— it has,— but this year has found the pupils more interested, and the teachers, probably through the Sabbath- school Conference, feel more their responsibility for the spirit­ ual welfare of their pupils. What Mr. Hart has written of the schools of his district can be said, with equal truth, of every other Delta School.” In like manner can Mr. Work’s observation in the Monsu- rah district be generally applied. “I have this to say as to the in­ fluence of our schools on the lives of the young men who have gone out from them. Whenever I meet a good, clean young man in our district and become acquainted with him, I find that he has been, at one time or another, in one of our schools. Our best teachers are those trained in our own Monsurah school. Others are good, but these understand the Delta people as the up-country teachers do not.” Along with these testimonies Mr. Walker’s story of the Benha district agrees and can be generally applied. “Every pu­ pil receives a Bible lesson daily, and there seems to be less op­ position to the rule than ever before. Our schools are more popular this year than ever before in spite of the fact that our object to evangelize the Mohammedans becomes more widely known from year to year. One of our largest Mohammedan boys has asked for baptism. He came from one of the village schools to complete his primary course in the Benha school. The boy’s father is a poor farmer, and was very much vexed to find his boy becoming a Christian. He brought the village sheikhs to argue with him and restore him to the faith. He tried every persuasion and threat, but Said remained firm. Then he left him for a time, and seeing the boy obedient and well-behaved, supposed that he had abandoned his foolish error. Great was his surprise to find the lad firmer in his new faith than ever. Said is ever ready to give a reason for the hope that is in him. He has a remarkable knowledge of the Bible and is fearless in declaring his loyalty to Jesus Christ.” Do you who read these lines understand now why we cling to our village schools?

CENTRAL BOYS’ SCHOOLS. Of the Central Boys’ Schools in Alexandria, Cairo, Benha, Monsurah, Zakazik, Faiyum and Luxor, much might be written. IOO Egypt— Educational Work.

In these we are holding firmly to our Christian standards, every superintendent telling of greater efficiency in Bible teaching and greater acceptance on the part of the pupils and a decreasing opposition on the part of the patrons. • Every one of this group has gained in numbers with the single exception of Zakazik, which has l£>st because a wealthy Copt opened a school almost beside ours and simply drained our school of paying Coptic pupils. But the teachers in this school, as in every one reported, are more unanimously working for the success of the school as a mission agency. Success in the government examination has increased the Alexandria School’s attendance fifteen per cent, above that of last year and the highest class by one hundred and twenty-five per cent. These boys, in age from fifteen to nineteen, are having their regular Bible study along with other religious meetings and a number of them seem to be very much affected by this Chris­ tian training. The Commercial Department of this school, di­ rected most efficiently by Miss St. Clair, is a promising feature of the work in Alexandria. Perhaps none of the Sabbath- schools, in connection with these schools, has fallen below the mark mentioned by Mr. Roy. He says, “Sixty per cent, at­ tend the Sabbath-school voluntarily.” The Cairo Boys’ School is simply overflowing its present quarters. The reputation this school has won for moral train­ ing and character building is its greatest asset. A secondary department has been entered upon with gratifying results. Dr. Gifien writes, “We hope that the year 1914 will mark the realiz­ ation of the long talked of Christian University, at Cairo, for the Moslem world. With the success of this effort it will be­ come our duty to put this Boys’ High School in a position to prepare its students for entering the University, and of becom­ ing one of its special preparatory schools. “ The enrolment for this year has been 468 as against 396 the previous year. The religions represented are Protestants 84, Copts 221, Moslems 97, other sects 66. Thus it will be seen that the vigorous Moslem agitation has not resulted in decreas­ ing the number of Moslem pupils. “The teacher of the Arabic language, a graduate of Al- Azhar University and also of the Government Normal Schools, has accepted Christ as his Saviour and has been baptized.” The new building at L uxor is already overcrowded, so that permission has been given to build additional rooms. The lead­ ing Copts of Luxor have told Dr. Philips that they will not open another school so long as ours keeps its present high stand­ ard. It is gratifying to have such recognition from this quarter. This part of the report would be incomplete without some mention of the Faiyum school. From this you will see that bricks are still to be made without straw. The Rev. Neal Mc- Clanahan says, “I suppose there is in the mind of the reader a Egypt— Educational Work. IOI picture of a large building surrounded by an ample playground and an abundance of well-dressed children. That is the ideal, but the actual is quite a contrast. Our school is in a narrow quarter, so the narrow street constitutes the playground. It is on the first floor of a rented house, which is comprised of four medium rooms. In the matter of being well filled we take sec­ ond place to none. We have 140 boys, so that every nook and corner is occupied. The children are poorly dressed and none too cleanly, and yet I am always impressed deeply when I hear them sing the old Psalms or see them bow in prayer. Out from among them may come one who will be a great leader to win back this land to Christ. And we hope that many of them will be his devoted followers.” Mr. McClanahan says that another $5.00 per month would get them a good house.

ASSIUT COLLEGE. Assiut College caps our general educational system for boys and young men in Egypt. It is entitled to a place of honor among the institutions of the United Presbyterian Church. It is the principal source to which we look for trained Christian workers. President R. S. McClenahan recounts the story of the past year as follows: “This school year, closing December 1913, has been a most profitable one from every standpoint. The most outstanding feature of the year has been the separation for the first time of the two departments, the collegiate and preparatory, and the conducting of the two in separate premises, about a mile apart. Heretofore there has always been more or less loss by having the whole life of the older and younger students, in classes, dor­ mitories, and all associations, conducted under one roof, with the consequent necessity of having to devise and execute regu­ lations equally binding upon the boy of ten and the young man of twenty, the latter perhaps himself having been a teacher and requiring entirely different treatment. We have had one term of experience with the divided school, and all testify that the sep­ aration of classes, school organizations, religious services, study periods, physical exercises and the social life of the students has resulted in greatly increased efficiency. The new arrangement, with the increase of the number of collegiate students, has made the college department very much nearer college ideals than for­ merly. The attendance has grown rapidly, until this year we had 300 students enrolled in the fall, in the four classes. “A class of eighteen was graduated in May 1913, of whom four have entered the Theological Seminary, several have enter­ ed the Medical School at Beirut, while others have entered gov­ ernment service and professional schools in Cairo. There are 16 in the present Senior class, 30 in the Junior, n o in the Sopho­ more, and 120 in the Freshman class. 102 Egypt— Educational Work.

“A recent census of the students in the College classes re­ vealed the fact that thirty-six per cent, of them had never been in our preparatory department, but had entered the college de­ partment directly from other schools, Government, Moslem, Cop­ tic, Mission and other private and public schools. Forty-four per cent, of them had spent one year in our preparatory depart­ ment before entering the College. These figures mean very much more when one realizes that four or five years ago students very rarely entered the College classes without from one to five years of contact with the school’s ideals, traditions, customs, purposes and life in the preparatory classes. “Encouraging as this is in showing the widening reach of the school’s influence, it manifestly presents new difficulties. The former student body was immeasurably more in sympathy with the school and its purpose than these can be who come in from the outside, without the moral and spiritual training provided under our own direction. Not only are these outside students unable to grasp readily, if at all, the moral and spiritual ideals of the College, but the result of the entrance into the student body of such a company of unsympathetic students makes religious in­ fluence that much more difficult, and most positive effort is re­ quired to overcome it. Frequently, students, introduced into the College from Christless communities, are changed entirely in ideal« and character; and again they are so firmly set in their habits and characters that they resist spiritual influences to the end of their period of study. However, we are very sure that none of these young men remain with us any length of time without realizing that there are higher and nobler ideals for life than they had contemplated, and they do rise to more lofty conceptions of their duty to man and to God. “Religiously this year has been fruitful. We have all re­ gretted deeply the fact that for the last half of the year the student body has been without a college pastor. Dr. Alexander’s assignment to work in Cairo, after thirty-seven years of devoted and earnest service in the College, the last four of which were given as pastor of the combined communities of the College and the Pressly Memorial Institute, has made this vacancy, which has been so greatly felt by all associated with the work here. However, we have been fortunate in having with us from time to time some of the most devoted men, both of the Mission and of the native Church, whose presence among the students has been blessed. A very definite manifestation of deep religious conviction and spiritual examination was manifest, as the re­ sult of which seventy young men and eight young women pre­ sented themselves for admission to the church on profession of their faith in Christ. Of these fifty-seven were received into the communion of the church, two of whom were converted Moslems. Egypt— Educational Work. I03

“The annual report of the president of the Student’s Christian Union, at the end of the school year in May, was perhaps the most encouraging report yet presented. Among other items it was mentioned that the students of the Union had carried on regularly every Sabbath morning, village preaching in some eighteen towns, with an average attendance of not less than 800 each morning. Throughout the fall, this work has been continued. Nothing in all of our work gives more real pleasure than seeing these students start off on Sabbath mornings to the towns and villages to bear the message of the Gospel, to be the means of establish­ ing churches, to call the people to behold the Uplifted Christ, and to elevate the whole tone of moral and religious character within this large circumference. “In addition to the work of this committee on evangeliza­ tion, the other committees have shown a remarkable activity in their work during the year. “The staff of the College has been strengthened by the addi­ tion of Prof. and Mrs. C. A. Owen, who joined us in September, Prof. Owen to be the head of the English Department in both the College and Preparatory Department. Mrs. Owen has al­ ready entered heartily and efficiently into the life of the students as superintendent of the infirmary, for the Preparatory Depart­ ment, where she holds a daily clinic. The arrival of Prof. Owen fills a long felt want and already the effect of his presence has been felt in his special line. “We gratefully record several liberal donations during the year. Mrs. Cyrus H. McCormick, of Chicago, sent $20,000 for the erection of a new dormitory. Mrs. T. B. Blackstone, of Chicago, donated $5,000 towards new buildings as soon as the remainder necessary can be secured. Dr. Henry Wallace estab­ lished a fund to support poor students, which yields sufficient to keep six young men in college. Mrs. Jamison and her sister, Miss Arbuckle, of Pittsburgh and New York, continue the sup­ port of Prof. and Mrs. Hickman for another period of three years. Mr. and Mrs. John Mcllhenny and a ‘Friend of the Work’ each provide $500 for light and water. The Funds of the Assiut College Building .Committee of Pittsburgh provided an­ other large sum for bringing the grounds and buildings into proper shape. Mr. Edward S. Harkness of New York donated funds for scholarships and the library. Kamil Bey Tekla, of Bahjura, and Mr. Feltus Mikhail, of Sanabu, donated $175 and $50 respectively towards fitting up teachers’ rooms. Both of these men were once students of the College and desired to show their appreciation of the work of the College both for them and their country. “By no means the least factor in the past year has been the helpful influence and friendship of His Excellency Fathy Pasha, the Governor of the Province of Assiut. It has established the College very much in the public mind for him to show his interest 104 Egypt— Educational Work.

as fully as he has in the athletic and literary life of the College, and to commend it so heartily to all. No doubt it is the friendly support of so high an official that has changed the whole atti­ tude of the Moslem people toward the mission work in Assiut. “Through the Parsonage Loan Fund, provided by the Wo­ men’s Board, we have been enabled to proceed with the erection of a double residence for missionaries working in the College. The foundations of the McCormick Dormitory are already in and it is expected that this building, accommodating some one hundred and fifty students, will be ready for occupancy by the opening of the fall term. We deeply appreciate the visits of those engaged in active Christian work. It was a special privilege to have with us Mrs. Peabody and Mrs. Montgomery who took a very real interest in the work. They were impressed with the fine body of Christian workers on the teaching staff and also with the response to the question addressed to the students in chapel as to how many of them had daily instruction in the Bible, when every student raised his hand. Mr. and Mrs. Finley Shepard of New York paid us a visit last spring. Mrs. Shepard, formerly Miss Helen Gould, has been a friend and helper of the College for years. Mr. Shepard addressed the students and expressed himself as pleased with the work being done. “Recently two prominent Moslems, from two different com­ munities, withdrew their sons, frankly saying that they feared to have them in such a distinctively Christian atmosphere lest they be lost to Islam. “We have been impressed with the earnest effort on the part of many poor boys to secure the advantages of a Christian education. Many are unable to do so. One of our special de­ sires is to find ways and means by which earnest, faithful and diligent boys may have such advantages. We have the hope that many of these will enter the Master’s service. For these we desire your prayers. Indeed all of these young men are greatly in need of the support of the prayers of the Church. The temptations amid which they live are many and powerful. Pray that an ever increasing number may be found worthy of the high calling of His service.”

THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. We have one other school for young men, smaller in size, but of vital importance to our work, namely, the Theological Seminary. This institution may be said to have rounded out a half century of history this year, the “Evangelists’ Class,” out of which it developed, having been organized in Cairo by Dr. John Hogg in 1863. The Seminary has been located at different times in Cairo, Assiut and Ramleh, and has held sessions in Helouan and on the dahabiyeh “Ibis,” but since 1886 has had a permanent home in Cairo. TRAVELING IN EGYPT. Dr. Andrew Watson, the oldest living missionary in Africa and Miss Marion Padcn are standing. Miss Jane Marlin, o f India, is within the coach.

SHABAS AMEIR SCHOOL, TANTA DISTRICT. In this village school girls are taught with the boys and are right up with them in their lessons. Egypt— Educational Work. 105

During the fifty years 115 students have completed the course of study. Eighty-four of them are still living and engaged in the service of the Evangelical Church in Egypt and the Sudan. Several of them are working in the Coptic and Plymouthite Churches and with the Church Missionary Society, and one is an Adventist. Dr. Andrew Watson, who has been an instructor in the Seminary for forty-four years, and who has had a part in the training of every minister and licentiate now living in the Church in Egypt, gives the following report for the past year:— “There were some changes in the teaching staff during the year 1913. The Rev. R. G. McGill was appointed to give instruc­ tion in the Hebrew language and exposition in the absence of Dr. Kruidenier on his furlough in America; and Dr. Alexander was appointed to the chair of Church History and Church Gov­ ernment. Dr. Zwemer’s year has been broken by his absence for special work in America. “At the beginning of 1913 there were twelve students, four of whom were graduated in May. Their names are Zaki She- nuda, Fareed Bashai, Akhnukh Yusef and Samuel Azab. They were an exceptionally promising class and have entered upon the work with prospects of large usefulness. The first named is the son of one of our oldest and most successful pastors. Four new students entered in November, thus keeping the nun> ber up to twelve.” The Seminary has neither grounds nor buildings of its own. Its library consists of only some 300 volumes, many of them now antiquated. The rooms for students and class rooms have never been sufficient or satisfactory, and are altogether inadequate in present conditions. It is to be hoped that before we have gone far on the second half century these conditions may be remedied.

ORPHANAGES. At this point may be inserted a report of our two orphan­ ages. The Kaliub Orphanage for boys is named from the town where it is located, a short distance from Cairo. A brief account of its origin and how it came under the direction of our Mission was given in last year’s Report. During the past year the number of boys increased from 48 to 60. It is a large family to care for and train, and Mr. and Mrs. Pennings feel deeply the responsibility. It is cause for gratitude that no serious illness occurred in the Orphanage during the year, although Mr. and Mrs. Pennings were called to mourn the loss of their own small boy early in September. While some of the boys have caused anxiety by their slack­ ness and dullness, others by their faithfulness and uprightness have brought joy to the hearts of the workers. Some of the Moslem boys are showing much interest in spiritual things, and io6 Egypt— Educational Work. asking for baptism. It has usually seemed wiser to delay bap­ tism till they have reached maturity and are prepared to earn an independent livelihood. Two who had left the institution some time since were baptized during the past year. A good number of those who were received in the earlier days have now gone out to enter honorable employment of various kinds, while others are in the College at Assiut preparing for the ministry. The Orphanage is supported by voluntary contributions, chiefly from the native Church in Egypt. Of this Mr. Pennings says, “Our Heavenly Father supplied all our needs. There were times in the hot summer months when our treasury was absolute- ly empty. But we experienced the faithfulness of our God in answering prayer,-and our own faith and that of our boys was strengthened. It was a lesson the boys will never forget.” A much needed second story has been added to the building. There is urgent need for about $1200 to complete the building and put it in good condition. The Fowler Orphanage for girls is located in Cairo. It owes its existence to the sympathy and generosity of Friend Fowler who with Mrs. Fowler came to Egypt some years ago. It might as fittingly be called Miss Smith’s Orphanage, for it was founded and has been sustained largely through her faith and prayers. She has given herself freely to these girls to whom she is both mother and teacher. Nineteen of those now in the home are professing Christians, while twenty-eight have been led to the Savior in these eight years. Several have been giving good service as nurse maids in the Tanta Hospital and in the Church Missionary Society Hospital in Cairo. “The work has been supported” says Miss Smith, “by the Heavenly Father’s inclining the hearts of many of His dear children to give of their prayers and of their means for the work so dear to His own heart.” This institution is greatly in need of a permanent home. Until now it has been compelled to occupy rented houses, which is in every way unsatisfactory.

GIRLS’ SCHOOLS. The year’s report of the girls’ schools throughout the coun­ try shows advance in numbers, improvement in work done, and a deeper religious atmosphere. From the Girls’ College in Cairo, down to the most primary school the year’s record gladdens the heart. In reviewing the statistics and reports, there is one little school that might easily be overlooked, but its story touches the heart of anyone who knows of the condition of the little girls of this land, and longs to give them something better. It is the Kafr el Hukama School in a poor quarter of Zakazik, founded by Mr. and Mrs. Hart, a child of their personal sacrifice and devoted care. He who has seen how they sowed has given them to rejoice. There were Egypt— Educational Work. 107

103 girls enrolled at a cost of $78 to the Mission. It would be a great work to multiply these little schools, training the girls as they do and making Christian centers for the neighborhood, thus influencing the mothers and the homes. The carefully worked out course of study prepared by a committee of the ladies in charge of these schools had done much to bring about these results. An efficient inspector would be a valuable asset just at this stage. She would be able to do much to unify the work, help in supplying teachers, and directing new and inexperienced missionaries upon whom often falls the man­ agement of a large school. She could keep in touch with the Ministry of Education and bring to our work the best methods evolved by that department. There are among the women mis­ sionaries on the field several, abundantly equipped for this work, could one of them be freed from present duties. One of the Mission’s greatest needs is more women m issionaries. There is not a sufficient number to provide adequately for half the work now in hand, much less to move forward to take advantage of the unprecedented opportunities for work amongst women and girls of all classes.

Primary Schools. This school committee has classified the schools under its direction in five groups, the first of which comprises the Karmus and Kafr el Ashari Schools, in Alexandria, Kafr el Hukama, in Zakazik, and the Fowler Orphanage in Cairo. It is wonderful how much can be done with these very young girls. In Karmus, Miss Cabeen says ten have learned the Helen Gould portions* of the Bible and many Psalms besides. Three of the girls have completed the course and are now doing primary teaching. Some of the girls seem very near to the Kingdom, but thus far none of them has made public profession of Christ as her Savior. Each of these schools is a center of an interesting work among the women in their homes. The tragic death of a little girl in the Kafr el Hukama School, by burning, made a deep impression upon the whole school, and gave opportunity to enter the homes and the hearts of these grief-stricken parents. The Bible teacher is now a constant visitor to this Mohammedan home and the parents have found great comfort in listening to the words from our Book.

Intermediate Schools. In the next group are six schools, Haret el Yahud in Alexandria; Faggala, Haret es Sakkain, and Kullali in Cairo; and Benha and Beni Suef. The girls in this group are carried on farther, and are old enough to be deeply interested in Christian

*Some years ago Miss Helen Gould (now Mrs. Shepard) established a fund by which a Bible is given as a prize to each girl who memorizes a prescribed list of Scripture verses. io8 Egypt— Educational Work.

Endeavor work. Each school has such an organization in which the girls are taught to undertake Christian work. Quite a num­ ber of them have received the Helen Gould Prize Bible. A Jewish girl in the Faggala, one who had given good evi­ dence of a changed heart, died suddenly of meningitis. Her mother found great comfort in telling Miss Thompson how un­ selfish she had become, and how glad to help her, and how, on returning from school in the evening, she would read to her from the Bible. The Benha school has gained in numbers, but Mrs. Walker laments that she has had so little time to give the school on account of sickness. Miss Downie’s coming has already made a difference though she has been here but two months. The Kullali School has made great gains in every way. Added rooms have made possible better order and better work. No doubt the fact that Miss Kerr has made as many as seventy visits in one month, accounts for the 346 enrolled girls and the hearty co-operation of the home with the school. The activity of the Missionary Society can be judged somewhat by the fact that $90 has been contributed for mission work in another quarter of the city and for the work of the Synod. The new version of the Psalms in Arabic, especially men­ tioned by Miss Barnes in Haret es Sakkain, has given a new im­ petus to praise. She says that the children catch the choruses readily and love to sing them. One little Mohammedan girl, who entered the school in September, was singing the Psalms so constantly that her father wrote a complaint, saying, “I sent my little daughter thinking that it would take her about two years to learn the alphabet, and here, inside of four months, she has not only learned the alphabet, but she is repeating Psalms and singing your: Christian songs all the time. I am astonished and afraid to leave her in your school lest she become a Christian.” At another Moslem home, one of the teachers calling was asked, “What is meant by £Bless the Lord, O my soul’ ” ? “What a difference,” remarks Miss Barnes, “ for the complaint when they bring their children to us is that they are always cursing and quarreling. I hope and pray that God will never let this song go out of their hearts.” Haret el Yahud’s year is pretty well described by the others of this group. Seven of the girls have memorized the Helen Gould portions. Miss McClenahan has been especially gratified by the earnest spirit of prayer developed among the older girls. What Miss Hammond writes of the Beni Suef school is true of all this group. “A larger number attend Sabbath-school than ever before.” Only the unwillingness of their parents has kept several of her girls back from publicly owning Christ as their Savior, whom they know and love. Seven of the girls com­ pleted the course provided, all of whom had memorized the Helen Gould portions.” One seldom hears swearing amongst the Egypt— Educational Work. 109 girls, neither has anything been stolen during the year. These are some of the fruits of our earnest teachers’ lives.

Second Grade Schools. Of the next group, Zakazik, Monsurah and Faiyum are day schools, while Tanta has in addition a boarding department. By another year it is expected that this school will move out of its present cramped, rented quarters to enter a beautiful new home provided through the Women’s Board. Just at the close of this year, the Moslem principal of the Government High School was transferred to Cairo and so obliged to take his two daughters out of our school. In doing so, he wrote Miss Nellie C. Smith a letter expressing the highest appreciation of what the school had done for his children and hoped that its helpful influence would be felt in an ever widening circle. He is a man not only in high position, but a man of unusual education and ability. The school bears a good reputation, is located in a great Moslem center, and should be a mighty force when equipped as it soon will be. After only two years in the country, and burdened with the studying of the language, Miss Smith was given the responsibility of this school. Miss McMillan’s home-going and the paucity of missionaries made this necessary. The school has done well, but not without a good many trying experiences for the new mis­ sionary. Eight of the girls have memorized the Helen Gould selections, but with still greater joy is recorded the fact that three of the girls have publicly professed Christ and united with the Church. Miss Smith expects a number of others to take this step very soon. A number of the girls have made a practice of reading the Bible to someone every week. Interesting indeed are their stories of their efforts. All are looking forward with great expectation to the time when they will go into the fine new building. Rival schools have cut down the attendance of the Monsurah school, but Miss Bell gladly records the more thorough work done in the smaller classes and the fact that, several of the girls have surrendered to Christ. An effort to help poor girls to self-support in the industrial period, has had happy results since a number of them can now do plain sewing sufficiently well to earn their living whenever that becomes necessary. While the annual enrolment of the Zakazik school is a little below that of last year the average daily attendance is higher, and that with a larger percentage of the girls from Mohammedan homes than ever. Every girl in the school has had her daily Bible lesson. Surprisingly few have withdrawn on this account, while, on the other hand. Miss French noted progress in cleanli­ ness and obedience,, and a real growth in grace and in the knowl­ edge of the Lord Jesus. One class, of their own accord, spend n o Egypt— Educational Work. a free hour in a prayer meeting, seeking protection from the Tempter. The Faiyum school differs little from thé others of this group except that it draws not only from the town, but from a number of villages near by, some of the girls coming by train. A scourge of diphtheria took seven of the most promising little girls, but Miss Hammond notes, “a more earnest spirit among the teach­ ers to prepare our little ones to know the love of Jesus and be ready. One of our former pupils, a Moslem girl now in a provin­ cial school (Mohammedan), told me that she visits her former classmates so that she may not forget her verses. I am so glad that the girls are faithful in witnessing.”

First Grade or Boarding Schools. The Central School in Alexandria, the Girls’ Boarding School in Cairo, the Pressly Memorial Institute in Assiut, and the Luxor Boarding School comprise the next group. Easily might one give the space of this whole report to these four boarding schools. They differ widely, as two of them are at one extreme and two at the other extreme of the Egyptian mission field. Two of them have only city girls, while the other two draw mostly from the country districts. And yet the development of character and the Christian influence have been a common experience in all of them. The boarding department brings the girls into very close and constant touch with their teachers and makes possible the sort of influence exerted in a Christian home circle, a kind of life so greatly needed in Egypt. One of the most welcome advances is that the teaching pro­ fession has come to occupy a place of honor in the minds of the girls. In the Assiut school, seven of the daughters of wealthy families have come back to give their services to the school that has done so much for them. In Alexandria, almost all of the teachers in the four schools are products of the schools them­ selves. Luxor and the Pressly Memorial Institute have supplied most of the teachers for the evangelical communities that have girls’ schools, while out of graduating class of eleven in Cairo, nine are teaching this year. It has meant years of earnest prayer­ ful effort to bring about this result, but what a wonderful thing it is to the work only those in charge can know. It means more sympathetic teachers, it means the Mission’s ideals in every one of them, it means a sufficient supply of teachers where here­ tofore there has been such a dearth. And a small item is that it means a big economy since salaries will be somewhat less for the same grade and traveling expenses will not be incurred, as in the case of the teacher coming from Syria. The interest in purely mission work, while not a new thing, has developed and deepened wonderfully in the past years. The girls have their own prayer bands. Many of them are seek­ ing to bring someone, it may be a member of their own family or Egypt— Educational Work. h i a neighbor, to Christ. A number of cottage prayer meetings have been held by them and when one of the missionaries can find time to visit among the homes, she has no trouble to find volun­ teers to go with her to help her read, speak and pray in the homes visited. Miss Work says, “We have just sent the girls out for their Christmas holiday, and we feel that we have sent just so many missionaries into the homes and towns and villages to which they have gone. Many of them went with the definite purpose of doing something that would tell for the Master, and we are anxious to hear their report when they come back.” The villages, their families, their neighbors will have heard something of Christ and of His precious message to the lost. They will have seen the change wrought in the life when He enters the heart.

CAIRO GIRLS’ COLLEGE. What Assiut is to the education of boys and young men the Girls’ College in Cairo is to that of the girls and young women of the land. The influence of Assiut College is in the quality and number of the workers sent out; the influence of the Girls’ College is rather the very influential class from which its students come. We will let Miss Pattison tell of the year and of what it has brought to the Girls’ College. “It was our earnest hope that, during the present year, we should be able not only to carry on the school-work more effective' ly, but to establish a closer contact with the representative homes from which our girls come. We were encouraged to pray and to plan for this in the expectation of a full corps of workers when Miss Atchison returned from furlough. But our loving Heavenly Father perhaps unwilling that we should be tempted to rely on our own strength in the accomplishment of our purpose, has ordered that this should be another year of change and weak­ ened forces. When Miss Atchison arrived upon the field in September, she found Miss Buchanan ill and returning to the homeland for a serious operation. This was successfully under­ gone November 3rd in Columbia Hospital; and, with deepest gratitude to the Hearer and Answerer of their prayers for her in this trial, friends, pupils and teachers now unite in daily prayer for her full and rapid recovery that she may be with us next year in health and strength. “The outstanding event of the year in school annals was the graduation of the first young woman to receive the college diploma. Miss Nejla Daghir, our first graduate, completed her course in June, 1912, but because of the sad loss to the school in the death of Miss Kyle, the beloved and revered president, the graduation exercises were deferred until May, 1913, Miss Daghir, in the meantime entering upon her work as a teacher in the College. At the same time another young woman. Miss Liza Iskhanian, received the diploma; and a most promising class 112 Egypt— Educational Work. of eight girls, having completed the preparatory course, were given certificates. All but two of them have returned to complete the college course. “The occasion was unusual, not only in the character and accomplishments displayed by the graduates, but also in the aud­ ience gathered in the large tent erected for the occasion. The twelve hundred or more persons who were present included many of the most prominent and most influential people of the land, a most interesting as well as interested and enthusiastic company. His Excellency Ahmed Hesmet Pasha, the Minister of Education, took the chair and Dr. John Giffen presided. In addition to the program by the young women, which consisted of orations and recitations in Arabic, English and French, in­ terspersed with piano, violin and vocal music, orations were given in Arabic by Naguib Pasha Butros Ghali, the son of the late Prime Minister, and an acknowledged leader of the Copts, and by Hafini Bey Nasif, Chief Inspector of Arabic of the Min­ istry of Education. A commencement poem in Arabic by the father of Miss Nejla, Mr. Assad Daghir, was also a feature of the occasion. Dr. James G. Hunt, of our own Mission addressed the graduates, and Mr. Jay, Consul General and Diplomatic Agent of the United States, presented the diplomas. This occasion was significant in that it seemed the realization of many dreams, the answer of many prayers, and the crown of many labors and sacrifices of dear Miss Kyle, whose picture looked down that day upon these graduates, who are proud to call themselves ‘her girls.5 “Meanwhile there have been other events, which if less ostentatious, seem to us important and significant. Last spring, after a series of meetings for prayer and preparation, a com­ munion service was held at the College at which three of our girls united with the church and sat down with us for the first time at the Lord’s Supper. Two of these girls were of a num­ ber who had been waiting to take this step since the year before, but had not been given permission by their parents to do so. They had been praying earnestly that the objection might be removed and so it was a time of great rejoicing when they saw their prayers answered. There are others still waiting and praying. “In the spring some of our older girls began Sabbath- schools, six in number, for the children of their neighborhoods. These have been remarkably blessed. In at least two of them adults have become interested. W.e pray that we may be enabled to enter the doors thus opened and to make use of these oppor­ tunities in helping our girls to grow in the spirit of service. “The Christian Endeavor, which -has always been a live organization here, has served this fall as an outlet for new activities. It has been the custom for some years to send a Christmas donation of clothing to the Fowler Orphanage; but Egypt— Educational Work. this year, under the leadership of one of the teachers, they also made with their own hands a dress for each of the orphans. It was a pleasure to see the real joy in the faces of the girls as they brought in the garments, and there was certainly no differ­ ence between Mohammedan, Jew and Christian in the enthusiasm with which the work was undertaken and carried out. Some of the girls also made hand-painted Christmas cards with Scripture texts, and caps and bibs for babies, which were sent to the German Hospital in Cairo. “We observe, too, with great joy, an increasing interest in the Bible study throughout the school, largely due, we believe, to a pronounced effort on the part of the teachers toward attrac­ tive presentation. It is our belief that no lessons in the curric­ ulum are more popular or more enjoyed than the Bible lessons. We have noted with peculiar interest the case of a Moslem girl, a graduate of a Government School for girls, who entered the last year of the preparatory course this fall. While not rebelling against our regulation in regard to the Bible study, she was yet frankly disinclined to it. Before the Christmas holidays she was just as openly, even enthusiastically interested, and was so ambitious to stand well in the term examination that she volun­ tarily spent extra hours with her teacher getting explanations, because she felt herself at a disadvantage in a class with others so much more familiar with the Bible. ' “Another interesting incident this fall was when one of this girl’s co-religionists, a most attractive young woman, the most advanced Moslem student in the College and one in whose heart we believe the Holy Spirit is working, came with a request for assistance in purchasing a Bible for her brother at home, who, she said, was wanting ‘a good one.’ The same girl when leaving for the Holidays, inquired whether or not the daily Scripture readings had come for 1914, saying she would like hers before coming back to school so as not to miss any of the readings. It may be imagined that we mailed them to her as soon as they arrived. Such incidents as these are encouraging to us as we remember that His Word will not return unto Him void. “Another interesting occasion since our last report was the ingathering of our annual thankoffering, $165 being collected from the girls, former students, alumnae and teachers. “Our statistical report for the year scarcely requires com­ ment as it is so nearly the same as last year. Teaching staff, enrolment, nationalities, religious and social classes represented are almost unchanged either in numbers or in proportions. Four new teachers from America took the places this fall of four who had returned at the expiration of their engagements. They are Miss Lillian Mueller, of Tarkio, Miss Mary B. Jamieson, of Monmouth, Miss Alma Ericson, of Biggsville, and Miss Nancy Millen, of Newnan, Ga, i i 4 Egypt— Educational Work.

“The possibilities in our peculiar field among high class girls, especially Moslem, seem, at the present, almost unlimited, had we adequate financial backing, and were we once freed from the burden of debt. We ask your prayers that such financial incum­ brance may be removed, and that, by the blessing of God and through the wisdom and strength that come from above, this school may be wonderfully used in the salvation and regeneration of the land of Egypt.” f .... CONCLUSION. In closing I would put before you who read this Report, a constantly felt need, an ever-recurring request, sometimes ex­ pressed in words, sometimes not, a deep longing on the part of every one of these young women for a large place in your prayers that the lives committed to their care for a time, and of such tremendous value to Jesus Christ, may be born into this king­ dom and transformed into His likeness. They carry the burdens of administration, of finance, of repairing their buildings, of employing teachers, receiving pupils, meeting patrons, ever standing between their schools and the public— a burden indeed when placed on shoulders none too broad, but a burden assumed with the greatest willingness, and carried with a courage and devotion found only in those who stand on the outposts for Jesus Christ. SUMMARY OP EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS, EGYPT MISSION, 1913

A—S c h o o l s U n d e r M i s s i o n ’s C a r e .

EXPENDITURES. TEACHERS. ENROLMENT.

S3 SCHOOLS II

p x $1192|) $30 $9491 $213 LLlSS: Theological Seminary, Cairo | " 1 2 1. .. 12 1 1 2 $7711 lf ig 5 2 4 6 g 0 34l| $23C nine College, Assiut ...... 23 28 I 776| 642 - 134| ‘776 $24031 School, Cairo ...... 1 1 2 13 | 468|___ 468| 468 4588 ia. Day School ...... 6 1 7 I 1821. . . . 1821 182 916 zlk, Day School ...... 7 1 « 2 1 7 1 .... 217| 217 surah, Day School ...... 4 3 1651___ 1651 16b andria. Day School ...... 9 2 1 1 1 246 ___ 246| 246 ir. Day School ...... 5 9, ■ 7 305|. . . . 3051 305 urn Day S chool...... 4 4 162|___ 162| 162 or Young Men and Boys, r Mission's care ...... ¡MAKES: College for Girls, Cairo aly Memorial Institute. Assiut .. kiyah Hoarding and Day School, a. Boarding and Day School .. r, Boarding and Day School ... er Orphanage. Cairo ...... t-ea-Sakkain Day School, Cairo alah Day School, Cairo ...... Day School, Cairo...... lm. Day School, cl-M adinet . . . a. Day School ...... ■/Ah, Day School ...... Hiikmna Day School. Zakazlk . urnh. Day School ...... -cl-Yahud Day School. Alexandrl Asharl Day School, Alexandria .. mi Day School, Alexandria ...... “1-Hadid Day School, Alexandria Suef, Day School ...... for Young Women and Girl*, Mission's care ...... chools under Mission’s care 2811731 60123311 B—S c h o o l s u n d e r S y n o d ’s C a r e .

TEACHERS. ENROLMENT. Nation - EXPENDITURES. ality. 8 s8 SCHOOLS *.0

eg I* 3 Schools. Maies . 1391222 8460 8460 70781 13821 2328 4847112361 49 83001 160 |$20000|...... I$20000|...... |...... |. . . . I$12 000 $8180 $40190 $35000 . |$5190|$10190 Fanales 29| 51 1727 1727 1214 513| 753 819| 88| 67 17271 I 41741...... ) 41741...... |...... |____ 4 552 8726 7000 ' 17261 8726 Synod’s 168|273| 58133111101871------1101871 8106|2081| 8292| 1895|[308115666|1324|116| 110027! 160 | 24174|...... | 24174|...... |...... |____ ) 10 552| 8190| 48916¡| 420001...... 1 6916| 48916 Schools, 1913. 196|4461118|564|| 1654711016|15531|10993|555 4113689[2S58| 1432818884|2441|894|| 1553411013 | 68385|$34390|102775|$5489|$2165|$839| 1« 552|404291168249)I108&301$32888|268311168249' Schools, 1912. 197|40011091509111735611259116097) 1199215364| 1424613110114338|9.19.1|2904|923|116342110H | 596771 35485) 951621 4123| 2374|3821| 15 933|37269|158682|| 997121 34290|24680|158682

(TOTE 1. A number of boys in girls’ schools and girls in boys’ schools causes the apparent discrepancies under religion, etc. JiOTE '¿.—The sums placed in the different columns under receipts and expenditures of Synod’s schools is approximately correct. Egypt— Book Department. i l 7

BOOK DEPARTMENT.

BY THE REV. R. W. WALKER.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY. I9I3- Volumes. Receipts. American Bible Society ...... 37,311 $4,186 British and Foreign Bible Society ...... 67,010 5,287

Total Scriptures ...... 104,321 9,473 Religious Books : By Mission ...... 11,404 1,244 B y Joint Colportage Committee 32,400 2,561 Educational Books ...... 5,457 Stationery ...... 2,327

Total ...... 177,134 $21,062 1912. American Bible Society ...... 35,347 $4,302 British and Foreign Bible Society ...... 13,868 759

Total Scriptures ...... 49,215 5,o6i Religious Books : By Mission ...... 16,226 2,576 By Joint Colportage Committee ...... Educational Books ...... 34,496 6,407 Stationery ...... 2,320

Total ...... 99,937 $16,364 WORKERS EMPLOYED. Colporteurs : 1912 1913 American Bible Society ...... 27 British and Foreign Bible Society ...... 5 15 American Mission, Religious Books ...... 6 Joint Colportage Committee Books , 18 Book-shop Men, American Mission ..., 10

Total Workers ...... 43 70 In comparing these figures with those of last year, it will be noticed that there has been a tremendous gain. This increase is apparent both in the distribution of Biblest and of religious books. In view of the testimony of the colporteurs that the Copts have all obtained Bibles, though this statement is undoubt­ edly exaggerated, it would seem that a very large number of these must have been sold to Mohammedans. No one can appreciate these figures who has never spent a day out among the villages with a colporteur trying to sell

$The Bible Societies bear the responsibility and expense of the dis­ tribution of Scriptures. The Mission is associated with them in the work of superintendence and otherwise. n8 Egypt— Book Department. books. To anyone who has spent a day traveling on foot from village to village selling books to the value of a few piastres,* being often reviled and sometimes threatened, these figures have a tremendous significance. There is no class of workers that needs more encourage­ ment and sympathy and prayer than do these humble workers. Many of them might truly say with Paul, “Even until this present hour, we both hunger and thirst, and are buffeted, and have no certain dwelling place; being reviled, we bless; being persecuted, we endurebeing defamed, we entreat; we are made as the filth of the world, and the off scouring of all things.”

DIFFICULTIES. The colporteurs generally report that there is less opposi­ tion to their work this year than last, since affairs in the Balkans have become more settled, but each one thinks that his own dis­ trict is the most difficult of all. The Bible colporteur meets with less opposition than the seller of religious books. We rejoice to know that so many of the Copts have obtained Bibles that the colporteur is obliged to sell to Mohammedans if he would find customers, yet to him this appears a real difficulty. Some col­ porteurs say that they can sell to Mohammedans more easily than to Copts, for the latter still fear that the Bible is a Protestant book. In this they are right. In almost every school there is a boy whom no one wants to fight. He is the boy “who doesn’t know when he is licked.” This is the type of man who makes a good colporteur. Mr. Adams tells of one of this kind in the Beni Suef district, who received a torrent of abuse from a government official, and was ordered to leave the place. He meekly obeyed, only to be found in the same place selling books soon after. At first the man seemed very angry, and used almost the same words that Ahab used to Elijah, “Is it thou, thou troubler of Israel?” But after a little conversation he became more friendly and bought the strongest controversial books against Islam, and has since bought many others. The colporteur is a humble worker and needs the moral support as well, as the spiritual guidance of the missionary. His work often brings him into contact with men who are very fanatical, and the local authorities give him almost no protection. In one case mentioned in the report of the Joint Colportage Com­ mittee, a colporteur approached some Mohammedans who were seated at a cafe and offered his books. One of the men took a book, refused to pay for it and ordered the man to leave the place. An appeal to a policeman was useless for the man simply told him that it was none of his business. So the colporteur could get neither the book nor its price.

♦One piastre equals five cents. Egypt— Book Department. n 9

A similar case occurred in Benha where a Mohammedan treated the colporteur very badly, knocking his books on the ground and abusing him. The colporteur appealed to the mis­ sionary who promised to report the case if the books were not restored. But in the meantime the man became frightened and came to the mission house with some of his most influential friends apologizing for his conduct, and promised to restore the books and pay for any that were lost, which he did.

THE JOINT COLPORTAGE COMMITTEE. A great step was taken in the way of the distribution of religious literature during the past year by the formation of the Joint Colportage Committee. This committee is composed of members chosen by the principal missionary societies working in the Nile Valley. The purpose of the committee, as set forth in the articles of agreement, is to secure more efficient oversight, more centralized control, and to avoid the friction sometimes caused by the overlapping of territory, differences in price of books, rates of commission, salary, etc. Mr. Arthur T. Upson of the Nile Mission Press was chosen as secretary of this joint committee, and has generously given part of his time to this work. Although there were many difficulties in initiating this new ar­ rangement, most of these have been overcome, and the report of the first year’s work, which has just been published, is both in­ teresting and encouraging. The rule which requires a colporteur to sell enough books to obtain his salary from the proceeds is rather severe and many of the men leave the work after a short trial.

BOOK SHOPS AND READING ROOMS. In regard to the work of the shops there has not been much change, but a few improvements have been made. Mr. Cald­ well reports that the shop in Cairo has had a prosperous year. The sales have been larger than usual. The large room formerly used as a storeroom for the book department has been fitted up for a reading room and is being well patronized. Of the shop in the Hasseniya quarter, he writes, “Being in a strictly Mohammedan district, the sales are few and growing less. The young man in charge has done courageous preaching, and the work is favorably known in the district. There has been strong opposition but there are Mohammedan visitors every day.” Of the work in Tanta Mr. Boyd writes, “Financially, the shop in Tanta has not improved much. The number of religious books sold is not large considering the size of the city, so that for these we would hardly be justified in continuing this branch of the work. But as an evangelistic agency we feel that it is altogether justified. Seldom do we pass the shop without seeing from one to half a dozen men sitting round the shopman hearing some portion of Scripture read and explained.” 120 Egypt— Book Department.

The shop in Beni Suef was dosed last April because the sales were few, but the shopman has been employed as an evangelist in the district and is doing good work. A very interesting conference was held in Beni Suef for the colporteurs of that district and the Faiyum. A day was spent in prayer and Bible study, and all sat down to dinner in the home of the missionary. Mr. Adams says of it, “We have been glad to mark evidences of the influence of this conference in several of the colporteurs and others who were present.” This is an excellent example and we hope that it may be followed by others. There are nine colporteurs at work in that district and many cases are reported in which Mohammedans have become interested in the Bible and have bought part or all of it. In view of the great increase in primary education and the consequent interest in reading, we must give increased atten­ tion to the distribution of Christian literature. The number of Egyptians who can read is increasing at a tremendous rate, and they are reading everything they can get hold of. The soil is being prepared, and whether it is sown with the good seed of the kingdom or with corrupt and infidel literature depends very largely on us. “In the morning sow thy seed, and in the evening withhold not thy hand, for thou knowest not whether shall prosper this or that, or whether both shall be alike blessed.” Egypt— Medical Work. 121

MEDICAL, WORK.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of physicians: Assiut, men ...... 4 Tanta, man ...... 1 Faiyum, man ...... 1 Delta Boat, man ...... 1

7 Number of Nurses: Assiut, men 5, women 10 .. 15 Tanta, women ...... xo Faiyum, men ...... 2 Delta Boat ......

27 Number of House Visits: Assiut ...... 3,650 Tanta ...... 520 Faiyum ...... 1,263 Delta Boat ......

5,433 Number of Village Visits: Assiut ...... 115 Tanta ...... 22 Faiyum ...... 139 Delta Boat ......

276 Number of Villages Visited: Assiut ...... 40 Tanta ...... 7 Faiyum ...... 32 Delta Boat ...... 19

98 Number of Cases Treated in Clinics: Assiut ...... 34,i28 Tanta (estimated) ...... 9,000 Faiyum ...... 6,067 Delta Boat ...... 3,042

52,237 Number of Operations Performed: Assiut ...... 985 Tanta ...... 302 Faiyum ...... 346 Delta Boat ...... 61

1,694 122 Egypt— Medical Work.

Number of Patients in Hospitals: Assiut ...... 2,616 Tanta ...... 456 Faiyum ...... 432 Delta Boat ......

3,504 Religion of Patients in Hospitals and Clinics: Assiut Tanta Faiyum Delta Boat Moslems ...... 22,699 7,410 4,179 2,586 Copts ...... 12,693 1,694 Protestants ...... 1,295 340 Catholics ...... 51 140 Others ...... 6 2,046 146 456

36,744 9,456 6,499 3,042

Receipts, Physicians’ Fees and Hospital Fees: Assiut ...... $25,139 Tanta ...... 4,874 Faiyum ...... Delta Boat ...... 459

$30,472

Number of Clinic Centers, 5. Names— Assiut, Tanta, Faiyum, Sin- noris, Wasta. MEDICAL WORK AT ASSIUT.

BY DR. W. T. MOORE.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of Physicians— male ...... 4 Number of Nurses— male 5, female 10 ...... 15 Number of Nurses— native 5, foreign 10 ...... 15 Number of House Visits ...... 3,650 Number of Village Visits ...... 115 Number of Villages Visited ...... 40 Number of Clinic Patients treated in Clinics ...... ; ...... 34,128 Religion of Clinic patients: Copts ...... 11,420 Moslems ...... 21,701 Protestants ...... 966 Catholics ...... 38 Others ...... 3 Number of Patients in Hospital— men ...... 1,510 women ...... 1,106 Children above the age of one year ...... 49 Children under the age of one year ...... 64 Patients in Hospital paying full price ...... 1,430 Patients in Hospital paying half price or less ...... 233 Patients in Hospital free ...... 953 Number of Villages represented by patients in Hospital ...... 360 Religion of Patients in Hospital: Copts ...... ' ...... 1,273 Moslems ...... 998 Protestants ...... 329 Catholics ...... 13 Others ...... 3 Egypt— Medical Work. 123

Number of operations— major 225 minor 760 Receipts: Medical Practice .. $12,064.62 Hospital Fees ...... 9,870.03 Sales of Drugs, etc. 2,346.5/ -$24,287.22 Donations from Egyptians 852.25 Number of Clinic Center ...... Name of Clinic Center— Assiut.

ASSIUT HOSPITAL. To record the work in the Hospital for the past year brings up some sad incidents. Miss Bosma, a nurse from Holland, was called to her rewrard January 12th. She had served her Master in this country only six months. It was hard to lay a fellow worker away, when all her relations were across the sea, but she had lived unto the Lord. “Whether we live, therefore, or die, we are the Lord’s.” The staff of nurses was left very weak as to numbers, several others having finished their terms of service in the late autumn, or having been compelled to return to their homes on account of ill health. Miss Hislop, a nurse from Scot­ land, was most welcome when she arrived the first of February. February 7th, Mr. Pearson, an English tourist, was brought to us from Cook’s Steamer, and passed away the next morning. Mrs. Pearson was very thankful to have found a Christian Hospi­ tal at such a time, and has since shown her appreciation by a gift of $250 to the work. Three weeks later a German tourist brought his wife from the same boat, with the same disease, pneumonia, and she lived only a few days. Then soon after an American tourist was brought ill with fever. She was obliged to stay three months, but was most grateful all the while to have found a Christian Hospital in a foreign land. In the early summer another of our nurses, Miss De Vries, became very ill and had to return to her home in Holland. This necessitated bringing two English nurses from Cairo to help out during the trying summer months. Association came to the rescue at the summer meeting and sent Miss Corkey back to us in July. Miss Caws, our capable pharmacist, who had been with us for five years, heard a call from another field of labor, and left for Tyne, Syria, in the early autumn. We cannot measure the loss thus sustained by the Hospital because of the opportunities she embraced in handing out tracts and parts of the Holy Scriptures. The medical staff was weakened by the transfer of Dr. Grant to Tanta by the Association, to take charge of the Hospital there. Our united prayers for an Evangelist were answered by Synod sending Mr. Abdulla Ibrahim, a converted Moslem, to us, early in April. He is a God-send. His love for his Mohammedan brothers is very great. He is on fire to save souls from destruc­ 124 Egypt— Medical Work. tion and to lead them into life everlasting through our Savior. In April only 260 heard him preach the Word of God in the chapel, but in August, 628 heard him, and during the nine months since he came some 3,556 have had the opportunity of listening to his messages. Besides his personal work in the wards every day, he holds morning prayers with our forty native helpers from nine to ten o’clock. A number of the Moslem servants are testifying to our Savior. One has been so hungry for the Bread of Life that he has followed Mr. Abdulla to the wards to hear the message there after the morning prayers. Another Moslem boy servant prays, “Oh, Lord Jesus Christ, cleanse our hearts with thy blood.” But one Moslem maid, though she prays prop­ erly to God, closes her prayers with, “In thy strength.” May she be led this year to feel the need of a Mediator between her and the Most High God. We hope soon to help to bring many of those that do not believe in Him to a confession of Him, espe­ cially two older servants who have worked here for years and hear readily. They will soon want Christ to confess them before His Father, whereas they have not fulfilled His condition to that promise. Mr. Abdulla reports that the old Moslem men patients have listened to the Word anxiously, and that the middle and poorer classes listen much more readily than the rich. One wealthy Moslem Bey left the hospital offended after Mr. Abdulla had read and prayed for him. Pray that the seed sown in his heart may yet spring up and bring forth fruit. One Copt in the higher class promised to obey God. Many Moslems have promised to walk in the ways they have learned here, not yet realizing that the walk comes after accepting Christ. One was very anxious to be taught to pray. Another, who was very sick, when asked if Christ wanted him, replied, “No, I want Christ and a Savior, because I am a very great sinner.” At least twenty others have confessed that they are great sinners. One Copt was so deeply convicted of sin that he could not sleep, saying his sins were such a burden on him. Shemsa, the blind Bible woman, reports that many Moslem women say, “Come and teach us for we are great sinners.” One, Husna, wanted to take Shemsa home with her to teach her, for there was no one in her village to whom she could look for help. A Coptic woman wept bitterly when told how Christ would for­ give her sins if she would forgive others. She said that she had vowed to God never to forgive a certain neighbor woman. But when she was taught, “Forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors,” she was convicted of her sins and promised to give her heart to God and lead a new life. A Moslem woman was very near death's door, when she was taught “I am the way, the truth, and the life; no one cometh unto the Father but by Me.” She said she believed. After prayer she was taken home by her relatives to die, but she was happy. DR. POLLOCK GIVING PATIENTS THE MORNING BIBLE LESSON, BEFORE THE CLINIC. Egypt-— Medical Work. 125

The children always learn quickly, and many understand. One Coptic girl, who was in the second class ward five months and had not known the alphabet when she came, read all the Gospels and believed in our Savior before she returned to her home. One other Moslem woman whose husband had other wives, was convicted of selfishness among them and expressed a desire to live better. Christmas was celebrated this year in the usual way, with a Christmas tree. All of the third class patients and servants assembled in the chapel on Christmas Eve, and after an appro­ priate address by our Evangelist, the gifts were distributed, each one receiving a shawl, a cotton robe, or some other useful article of clothing. In this way many hearts were made glad in com­ memorating the birth of our Savior. During the year the hospi­ tal rendered 171 days of service to tourists and Europeans, be­ sides 413 days of service to members of our Mission. Thus the Lord uses the hospital as a blessing to many. Pray that many needy souls may be led from darkness into light this coming year.

MEDICAL WORK ON DELTA BOAT.

BV DR. A. W. POUwOCK.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of Physicians— male ...... 1 Number of Clinic Patients treated in Clinics ...... 3,042 Religion of Clinic Patients: Moslems ...... 2,586 Others ...... 456 Number of Operations— Minor ...... 61 Receipts— Medical Practice ...... $459 After twelve months with no medical man on the Allegheny, a physician was again assigned to the work and clinics begun late in March, 1913. From that time until the heat in the tents became unbearable the time was spent at different towns on the Tewfiqi canal between Benha and Mit Ghamr. At the first stop, the boat was about an equal distance from four villages, the combined population of which was over 10,000. Among all these people there was only one Coptic family; there were two families of Jews and the remainder were Moslems. From the first crowds came to the boat, some from curiosity, some for treatment, while many others came as friends of the patients. It should always be remembered that figures in medical reports giving the number of patients seen, in no wav represents the number of those who hear the Word before the clinics and at the villages visited by the evangelist. For example, one day when the number of patients actually treated was only thirty, as nearly as could be estimated, the hearers at clinic and at the villages in the afternoon numbered 150. During the summer the boat was moored at Zifta, where a house has been rented as head-quarters for the Allegheny work­ Egypt— Medical Work. ers. Here clinic rooms were also secured and work was carried on during the summer with the exception of a short rest period. Daily Bible instruction was given in the clinic to the men and women by the missionaries and was well received with a few exceptions, when fanatical Moslems made considerable trouble. Early in October, after having been assured by the Irriga­ tion Department that there would be a sufficient depth of water for the boat below Monsurah until the middle of December, the Allegheny was taken to Sharebas, not far from Damietta, and the fall work begun. Here the work was entirely among Mohammedans, as only one Coptic patient was seen during seventeen days. The Word was well received, and many earnest inquirers came to the boat. Only one short stop was possible in this district before the rapidly falling river compelled the Allegheny to return to Monsurah and enter the canals, after scarcely a month in the river. The next month was spent in the Bahr Saghier which runs through a thickly populated district north-east of Monsurah. This was the first time we had been in this canal, but from the first medical work was exceedingly heavy and crowds of Mos­ lems heard the Word daily. Some opposition was raised because clinic cards containing Scripture verses were distributed, but the opposition only advertised the cards and increased the demand for them. At the close of the year the Allegheny was compelled to come as usual to the district south of Cairo because of the annual cleaning of the canals. The clinics in itinerating work are much the same as at permanent stations, for diseases are much the same all over Egypt. One thing, however, causes joy in the heart of the itinerating physician, and that is the knowledge that he reaches many suffering women of the poorer classes whose testimony is that their husbands either will not or cannot afford to take them to a town where a doctor may be found, and that they would have suffered on had not the Allegheny passed that way. Of all the pathetic scenes at the clinic during the past year only one will be mentioned. A little baby boy of forty days was brought by his mother to see what was wrong with his eyes. Examination showed that inside the tiny lids there was not a sign of an eye, but the child was like the man the Savior healed— he had been born blind. What a true picture that child presented of the thousands seen as the Allegheny winds its way here and there through the canals, men, women and children born blind in sin. To the mother of thé little boy we had to, say, “No hope but, thank God, there is hope for the countless numbers who are groping in spiritual blindness, for the Savior offers healing to all who will accept it. Further mention of the evangelistic work of the Allegheny may be found in the Evangelistic Report. Egypt— Medical Work. 127 MEDICAL WORK AT FAIYUM.

B Y DR. D. L . A S K R E N .

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of physicians— male ...... x Number of Nurses'— male ...... 2 native ...... 2 Number of House Visits ...... 1,263 Number of Village Visits ...... 139 Number of Villages Visited ...... 32 Number of Clinic Patients treated in Clinics ...... 6,067 Religion of Clinic Patients: Copts ...... 1,556 Moslems ...... 3,931 Protestants ...... 313 Catholics ...... 130 Others ...... 137 Number of Patients in Hospital— men ...... 234 women ...... 198 Number of Operations— major ...... 118 minor ...... 228 Number of Clinic Centers ...... 3 Names of Clinic Centers— Faiyum, Sinnoris, Wasta. The past year has been one of no marked incidents, being much the same as each preceding year. From a purely medical point of view the work has been very satisfactory as evidenced by increased confidence in the work and a willingness to follow the treatment more thoroughly. From a religious point of view the work is still more satisfactory. The Bible readers have been very faithful and have been able to do much good work among the patients both in Faiyum city and in the clinics at Sinnoris and Wasta. The Sinnoris clinic has not grown or fallen off in the past year, but is practically stationary. At the beginning of the year IQ13, at the earnest reauest of the railroad men at Wasta, it was decided to open a clinic once a week at that place. This clinic has been very satisfactory from all points of view and has been the means of bringing a great many people from the surrounding villages into contact with the Bible reader. The Bible reader at Wasta is the traveling evangelist of Faiyum district, who also works in Faiyum clinic; he has been very faithful in his work both at W asta and in Faiyum. An interesting phase of the work at Wasta is the fact that practically all are Mohammedans, and they are very attentive listeners while waiting their turns for examination or treatment. 128 Egypt— Medical JVork. MEDICAL WORK AT TANT A.

BY DR. A. F. GRANT.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of Physicians— male ...... I Number of Nurses— female ...... 10 Number of Nurses, native 5, foreign 5 10 Number of House Visits ...... 520 Number of Village Visits ...... 22 Number of Villages Visited ...... 7 Number of Clinic Patients treated in Clinics (estimated) ...... 9,000 Religion of Clinic Patients: Moslems (estimated) ...... 7,200 Others (estimated) ...... 1,800 Number of Patients in Hospital— men 23, boys 26 ...... 49 women ...... 407 Patients in Hospital paying full price ...... 193 Patients in Hospital paying half price or less ...... 71 Patients in Hospital free ...... 192 Number of Villages represented by patients in Hospital ...... 97 Religion of Patients in Hospital: Copts ...... 105 Moslems ...... 210 Protestants ...... 84 Catholics ...... 54 Others ...... 3 Number of Operations— major ...... 25 minor ...... 277 Receipts: Medical Practice ...... $1,474.77 Hospital Fees ...... 2,724.55 Sales of Drugs, etc...... 650.00 — $4,849.32 Donations from Egyptians ...... $25.00 Number of Clinic Centers ...... 1 Name of Clinic Center— Tanta.

TANTA HOSPITAL. Reporting the Tanta medical work is rather a difficult task this year on account of the many changes which have taken place. At the beginning of the year three physicians were in charge, viz., Drs. Pollock, Johnston and Shannon. At the Feb­ ruary meeting, Association expressed a wish to make the Tanta Hospital a general hospital, and Dr. Pollock was again located on the Allegheny, which work he took up shortly afterwards. Following this, Dr. Johnston, whose term of service was almost ended, asked permission to return to America. Thus Dr. Shan- nan was left alone. In June Dr. Shannon unfortunately had her thumb infected which incapacitated her for work and neces­ sitated a long stay in the German hospital in Cairo, where for a long time it was thought she would lose her thumb. Fortun­ ately, however, she recovered, and is at present taking post­ graduate work in Europe. Dr. Shannon’s illness left the hospital without a doctor. Dr. Grant, who was to be located there in July, was absent from the country, so until his return about the Egypt— Medical Work. 129 middle of July, the other doctors who were at Ramleh on vaca­ tion took turns spending a few days each in keeping the work going. It was found that it would be impossible to take men patients in the present building without entirely destroying the work among women, so it was decided to postpone the general work for the present, and plans have been made for remodeling the buildings. A few men have been taken in and cared for in the basement of the missionaries’ residence. Miss. Sill, after spending six years in nursing in the hospital, returned to America. The management of the hospital wishes to express its deepest thanks to Miss Sill for this long term of service which she has given to the work without remunera­ tion. She gave herself wholly and gladly to minister to the Lord’s needy ones in whatsoever capacity was afforded. She offered a love and sympathy with her work that were sorely missed when she was gone. May the free gift be blessed of the Master whom she serves in the inbringing of the Kingdom. We might also mention that Miss Sill took with her to America, a little Moslem girl three years of age, whom she is legally adopt­ ing. Her name is Asfoora; she had been left in the care of the Hospital when a baby. Three new nurses have joined the staff. In July, the Misses Hay and Dann arrived from America, and in September Miss Holland came under regular appointment as a missionary. They, with Miss Hosack, form our nursing staff. The evangelistic work has been conducted by the Rev. Mr. Khalil and the Bible woman, Bista. We hope and pray that those who have been taught here may be so impressed that by God’s grace and the beseeching of those who remember them before the Throne, they may be led to that Fountain of Life that flows freely for all who seek. At present we are beseeching especially on behalf of a Jewess who has been in for some time for eye treatment and also for Hameeda, a Moslem girl. She at first would have nothing to do with, and would not listen to our religion, but now will listen and shows interest, though still say­ ing that our religion is not for Moslems. Bista is faithful in teaching texts of Scripture to all of them and having them often repeated and explained. Mr. Khalil reports that in his work outside he has reached between three and four thousand people, while in the clinic and at the Hospital he has had the privilege of preaching to nearly five thousand. He has sold twenty-eight Bibles or separate Gospels and one hundred eighty-five religious books, besides distributing many tracts and leaflets. He reports his work as very interesting and promising. One day in the clinic while speaking about Christ and his atonement, he was disturbed by a Moslem. After asking him to wait until the sermon was finished so that he could discuss the matter with him, the man finally became quiet and allowed 130 Egypt— Medical Work. him to proceed. They had a good long talk afterwards in the presence of a Moslem sheikh. Throughout the discussion Mr. Khalil showed a gentle Christlike spirit while the Moslem got very angry and used most violent language, so much so that his friend the sheikh told him he was ashamed of him and drew a comparison between the two, drawing attention to the differ- ence between the spirit of Mr. Khalil and that of the Moslem. Mr. Khalil, however, succeeded in selling him a Gospel, which both he and the sheikh are continuing to read. Pray that their eyes may be opened. In the Hospital he was preaching to a crowd of visitors and when he spoke of our sins, of the righteousness of God, of how Christ had come and suffered because of our sins, a poor ignorant “fellah” broke out weeping, he was so touched. Going one afternoon to a store he found a Moslem and a Copt. The Copt told Mr. Khalil that the Moslem wanted to discuss the incarna­ tion. Mr. Khalil visited the Moslem a number of times and talked with him. He finally asked for and bought a Bible, paying the full price, which proves his interest. He had first asked the Copt for a Bible, but he could not supply him with one. Later from Mr. Khalil he bought a number of religious books. Mr. Khalil has also succeeded in getting him to attend meetings in the Y. M. C. A. rooms and hear the preaching of the Gospel. These are samples of our evangelist’s work, and he says that everywhere he goes there is less opposition in speaking to the people and more readiness to buy religious books or re­ ceive tracts. Egypt— Medical Work. l a t o T Tanta District District Tanta et Boat a t o B ic tr is Delta D Faiyum sit istrict D Assiut CAL S I S N TIO A ST L A IC D E M S CTS T IC R IST D D N A ...... UMR O MDCL TTSIS EYT 1913. EGYPT, STATISTICS, MEDICAL OF SUMMARY

16 4 71456 27 7 0 1 2 1 10 1 Physicians

Nurses H 248 210 9 1618 998

Moslems l a t i p s o P s t n e i t a 2048 246 8 432 184 Others 6621701 2616 8504

456 Total 51 16819 35418 56456 2586 3931 IC N U C 2010 9000 1800 7200 Moslems P s t n e i t a 12427 166067 2136 Others 34128 52237 3042 Total 2270 1063 O 8 6 542 260 282 935

Moslems e d i s t u P s t n e i t a 2830 3439

4 1402 349 Others 5709 7523634 8765 Total ¡ 94 22306 39144 56456 2586 T 222669 5232 622306 7692

Moslems l a t o P s t n e i t a 16875 Others 61450 40509 98.802 9998 3042 7901 Total 6430475 1694 846 985 Operations 61 $25139 4874

469 Income i 32 Egypt— Stations of Missionaries.

AMERICAN MISSIONARIES AND OTHER (European) WORKERS.

ON THE FIELD DECEMBER 31s?, 1913.

ALEXANDRIA.— Rev. T. J. Finney, D.D., and wife; Rev. Mark S. Roy and w ife; Rev. W . P. Gilmor; C. S. Bell, Esq., and w ife; Miss Eula McClenahan, Miss Ida L. Cabeen, Miss Olive T. Mason, Miss Laura B. Walker. Teachers (short term) : Misses St. Clair, Graham, Glenn, Henry.

MONSURAH.— Rev. S. A. Work and wife; Rev. J. W. Baird and wife; Miss Margaret A. Bell, Miss Mabel B. Dickey.

ZIFTA.— Rev. W. L. McClenahan, A. W. Pollock, M.D., and wife.

ZAKAZIK.'—Rev. S. G. Hart and wife; Miss Elsie M. French.

TANTA.— Rev. J. H. Boyd and wife; Rev. W. R. Coventry; A. F. Grant, M.D., and wife; Miss Nellie C. Smith, Miss Sadie Thompson, Miss May Holland. Hospital Nurses (short term) : Misses Robertson, Hay and Dann.

BENHA.— Rev. R. W. Walker and wife; Miss Ella B. Downie.

CAIRO.— Rev. Andrew Watson, D.D., LL.D., and wife; Rev. John Giffen, D.D., and w ife; Rev. J. R. Alexander, D.D., LL.D., and wife; Rev. James G. Hunt, D.D., and w ife ; Rev. Dalton Galloway and w ife ; Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., and wife; Rev. R. W. Caldwell and wife; Rev. R. G. McGill and wife; Miss A. Y. Thompson, Miss M. A. Smith, Miss E. R. Martin, Miss Mary E. Kerr. Miss Ella M. Barnes, Miss Alda B. Atchison, Miss Mary M. Pattison, Miss Anna M. McConaughy, Miss Isabel Hosack, Miss Mary E. Baird. Tcachcrs (short term) : Boys’ School, Ezbakiyah, Mr. Pollock; Girls’ School, Ezbakiyah, Misses Giffen, Wilson, Amis, Caldwell; Girls’ College, Misses Gilkison, Young, Hutchi­ son, Munford, Mueller, Millen, Eriksson, Jameson, Caldwell.

FAIYUM.— Rev. Neal D. McClanahan and wife. (Short term), D. L. Askren, M.D., and wife.

BENI SUEF.—Rev. C. C. Adams and wife; Miss M. A. Paden, Miss Alfaretta Hammond, Miss Lois McCracken.

ASSIUT.— Rev. W. H. Reed and wife; Rev. Prof. F. S. Thompson and wife; Rev. Willard Acheson and wife; Prof. R. S. McClenahan and wife; Prof. W. W. Hickman and wife; Prof. C. A. Owen and wife; F. S. Hoyman, Esq., and wife; V. M. Henry, .M.D., and wife; H. L. Finley, M.D., and wife; W. T. Moore, M.D., and wife; Miss R. L. Hogg, Miss Ruth A. Work, Miss Anna B. Criswell, Miss R. 0 . Williams, Miss Egypt— Stations of Missionaries. 133

A. L. Corkey. Teachers (short term) : College— Messrs. Laing, Wood- burn, Elliott, Maxwell, McNary, McFeeters; Misses Hamilton, Stewart, Junod. Institute■—Misses Work, Thompson, Laing, Taylor. Matrons (short term) : College— Misses Dinsmore, Anderson, Bennett; Insti­ tute— Miss McFarland. Hospital Nurses (short term) : Misses Van der Molen, Cookson, Caws, Hislop, Brownlow, Raster, Van der Kolk, Van Damm, Ohl, McMinn. Physician: Dr. Aziz Ibrahim and wife.

LUXOR.— Rev. H. E. Philips and wife; Miss H. J. Ferrier, Miss Ida Whiteside. Teacher (short term) : Miss McVey.

KALIUB.— Rev. P. J. Pennings and wife, Evangelist and Superin­ tendent of Orphanage.

O N F U R L O U G H .— Rev. J. Kruidenier, D.D., and wife; Rev. F. D. Henderson and wife; Rev. A. A. Thompson and wife; Miss Carrie Bu­ chanan, Miss Carol E. McMillan, Prof. C. P. Russell and wife; Dr. Anna Watson, Miss E. D. Teas. 134 Mgypt— Summary of Statistics.

SUMMARY OF STATISTICS, EGYPT, 1913.

PREPARED BY THE REV. J. R. ALEXANDER, D.D.

I. WORKERS, (in Egypt).

1. FOREIGN'— No. of Ordained Missionaries on Field, December 31st ...... 24 “ Married Women ...... 31 Unmarried Women ...... 28

“ Missionary College Professors be­ sides 2 ordained men ...... 3 “ Missionary Laymen (Busi. Agts.) 2 “ Medical Missionaries (men 5) ... 5 “ Missionary Nurses ...... 3 - 96 Missionary Instructors (3 years) — men 7, women 24 ...... 3i “ Matrons (College 3, Institute 1) .. 4 “ Assistant Missionary Physician... 1 “ Assistant Missionary Physician’s wife (Mrs. Askren) ...... “ Assistant Missionary Nurses (3 years) European 10, Ameri­ can 3 ...... 13 “ Assistant Evangelist and Superin­ tendent of Kaliub Orphanage. 1 — 5i Total Foreign Workers ...... 147 2. EGYPTIAN— No. of Ordained Ministers with one in Sudan ...... 65 “ Licentiates with one in Sudan.... 18 “ Theologues ...... 12 “ Other Presbyterial Workers ...... 7

“ Harem Workers (men 8, women 48) 56 “ Shopmen 10, Colporteurs o ...... 10 “ Physician Assiut Hospital ...... I ' “ School Teachers (men 365, women 199) 564 Protestant (men 291, women 155) 446 Others (men 74, women 44) .... 118 513 Total Native Workers (Protestant) ...... 615 ♦Total Workers, Foreign and Egyptian, on field, December 31st: Protestant, Foreign ...... 147 Protestant, Egyptian ...... 615 762 Other Teachers, Moslems, Copts, Syrians, &c...... 118 ♦Only Protestant Workers are counted in the totals above; adding the 118 “others,” total workers are 880. Egypt— Summary of Statistics. 135

II. W O R K .

1. SYNODICAL AND PRESBYTERIAL (INCLUDING SUDAN).

No. of Synods (Synod of the Nile: Mediterranean Sea to Sobat River and onwards) ...... 1 “ Presbyteries ...... 5 “ Ministers— (a) Egyptian Pastors in Egypt ...... 52 (b) Egyptians without Charge, 1 in Sudan.. 13 65 (c) Americans without Charge: In Egypt (with Mr. Pennings) ...... 26 (d) In Sudan ...... 5 Stated Supply in Egypt ...... 1 32 1------97 “ Licentiates with one in Sudan ...... 18 “ Theologues ...... 12 “ Lay Preachers ...... 7 37 134 “ Ministers installed during the year ...... 2 “ Ministers ordained during the year ...... 2 “ Students licensed during the year ...... 4 “ Students received during the year ...... 4 Congregations organized during the year ...... 1

2. CONGREGATIONAL—EGYPT. No. of Stations and Congregations in Egypt ...... 285 “ Organized Congregations ...... 85 “ Other places where services are held or Sabbath- schools, etc...... 200 ■------285 “ Evangelistic Circuits ...... 110 “ Pastoral Charges ...... 75 “ Congregations and Stations in Pastoral Charges 87 “ Congregations and Stations served by supplies, licentiates, theologues, teachers and others .. 198 285 Membership in Egypt— Men ...... 6,156 Women ...... 6,038 12,194 Increase (1913)— By Profession ...... 637 By Certificate ...... 187 824 Decrease (1913)— By Removal, &c...... 588 By Death ...... 84 672 Net Increase (1913) ...... 152 No. of Attendance, Sabbath Morning, average ...... 25,284 “ Protestant Community (estimated) ...... 30,000 “ Baptisms— Adults (Moslems 3) ...... 3 Infants ...... 778 781 “ Buildings, places having buildings ...... 100 136 Egypt— Summary of Statistics.

Amount spent by Egyptians on Church Buildings ...... $15,402 Amount paid by Mission on Church Buildings ...... Nothing Salaries paid by people to Pastors and other Presbyterial Workers ...... $24,392 No. of Self-Supporting Churches ...... 26 Contributions of Churches in Egypt, 1913: (x) For Churches and Congregations: Salaries, Pastors, Licentiates, &c...... $24,392 Congregational Expenses, self-supporting ...... 5,984 Buildings, entirely self-supporting ...... 15,403 ------$45,779 (2) For Home Sustentation Effort: Synodical Home Missions in Egypt.. $2,907 Local Congregational, &c., work __ 1,814 $4,721 Help to Pastoral Schools ...... $547 Sabbath School Leaflet ...... 626 $ i,i73 $5,894 Ministerial Relief, self-supporting .. $533 Poor and Orphanages, self-supporting 5,242 Synodical Fund, self-supporting .... 198 $5,973 (3) For Missionary Effort: Mission Work in Sudan, self-sup­ porting $873 Mission Work among Moslems in E g y p t ...... 503 Mission Work among Women in E g y p t ...... 285 $1,661 $13,528 Total Contributions for all Religious Purposes in Egypt, 1913. • $59,307 Total Appropriation by Church in America for Church in Egypt, including $75 special for Ministerial Relief ...... 7,075

Total Cost of W ork o f Synod (Egypt, 89 1-3 per cent., Mission and Church in America, 10 2-3 per cent.) ...... $66,382

3. SABBATH SCHOOLS IN EGYPT. No. of Sabbath-schools ...... 191 “ Pupils in Sabbath-schools— Men ...... 4,492 Women ...... 3,357 7,849 Boys ...... 4,971 Girls ...... 3,057 8,028 15,877 “ Officers & Teachers in Sabbath-schools— Men ...... 411 Women ...... 223 634 Total Scholars, Officers and Teachers 16,511 Cost of leaflet paid from Sabbath-school contributions ...... $626 Contributions of Sabbath-schools (included in church contri­ butions) ...... $3,028 Sabbath-school Lesson Leaflet, copies distributed weekly ...... i i ,550 Sabbath-school Paper, Negm el-Meshrik, copies distributed week­ ly ...... 950 Egypt— Summary of Statistics. 137

4. WORK FOR WOMEN IN EGYPT. General— No. of places where women attend the regular Sab­ bath services ...... 225 Attendance at Sabbath Services— Women ...... 7,687 Girls ...... ' . . . 2,829 10,516 No. of women and girl communicants, December 31, 1913 ...... 6,038 Special— No. of special workers in homes (harems)— Men ...... 8 Women ...... 48 56 No. of women receiving instruction in homes (harems) : Reading : Beginners ...... 401 Advanced ...... 931 1,332 Hearers : Regular ...... 2,340 Irregular ...... 3,379 5,719 7,051 Religions of regular pupils in homes— Protestants ...... 1,853 Copts ...... 4,137 Mohammedans ...... 810 Jewesses and others ...... 251 7,05r Attendance at special prayer meetings for women— Women ...... 3,399 Girls ...... 2,500 5,899 No. of schools for girls and young women alone .... 48 “ girls attending girls’ schools ...... 5,554 “ women and girls under influence ofGospel, about ...... 17,000 Women’s Societies— Presbyterial Societies ...... 4 Missionary Societies and Girls’ Missionary So­ cieties ...... 25 29 Members of Missionary Societies— Women ...... 550 Juniors, girls ...... 1,500 2,050 Contributions, Women’s and Junior Missionary Socie­ ties (included in church and congregational con­ tributions) ...... $1,928

5 . SCHOOLS IN EGYPT. No. of Schools— Girls ...... 48 Boys ...... 148 ------196 No. of Teachers— Women ...... 199 Men ...... 365 138 Egypt— Summary of Statistics.

Protestants ...... 446 Others ...... 118 ------564 No. of Pupils— Girls ...... 5,554 Boys ...... 10,993 ------i 6,547 No. of Schools under direct care of Mission ...... 28 No. of Schools in outstations under care of Synod ______168 ------196 Special Schools: No. of Boarders Day Scholars. Total. Theological Seminary, Cairo ...... 12 12 Assiut College, Assiut ...... 642 134 776 Pressly Institute, Assiut ...... 145 184 329 787 318 1,105 Cairo Girls’ College, Abbas Road... 64 367 431 Cairo Girls’ Boarding School, Ez- bakiyah ...... 54 217 271 Cairo Girls’ Boarding School, Fow­ ler Orphanage ...... 39 63 102 Luxor Girls’ Day and Boarding School, Luxor ...... 56 159 2x5 Tanta Girls’ Day and Boarding School, Tanta ...... 16 216 232

Total Special Schools (8) .... 1,016 i,352 2,368 Central Station Schools, including Special Schools: Schools Pupils Boys ...... 9 2,533 Girls ...... 19 3,827 28 ------6,360 Preparatory and Elementary Schools: Schools Pupils Boys ...... 139 8,460 Girls ...... 29 1,727 168 ------10,187

Total Schools ...... 196

Total Pupils ...... 16,547 Religion of Pupils: Protestants— Boys ...... 3,039 Girls ...... 1,289 ------4,328 Copts— Boys ...... 5,912 Girls ...... 2,972 ------8,884 Moslems— Boys ...... 1,662 Girls ...... 77v ------2,441 Others— Boys ...... 380 Girls ...... 514 ------894 ------16,547 Egypt— Summary of Statistics. 139

Nationality of Pupils: Egyptians ...... 15,642 Others ...... 905 16,547 School Finances— Paid by people of Egypt: Tuition Fees all Schools ...... $68,385 Boarding Fees Colleges and Girls’ Bd. Sch. 34,390 Subsidy towards self-support by Egyp­ tians to supplement income Native Schools ...... 16,552 $ 1 1 9 ,3 2 7 Paid from Endowments, Donations, Miscel­ laneous, etc., through Mission ...... $8,493 Paid by Mission Treasury ...... 40,429 ------$48,922

Total cost of 196 schools in Egypt .... $168,249 Church in America paid ...... 24 per cent. People in Egypt paid ...... 71 per cent. Other Sources paid ...... 5 per cent.

6. BOOK DEPARTMENT.

Scriptures Distributed: Volumes Receipts (1) British and Foreign Bible Society ...... 67,010 $5,287 (2) American Bible Society ...... 37,311 4,186 General Distribution: (a) Total Scriptures ...... 104,321 9,473 (b) Religious Books ...... 43,804 3,805 (c) Educational, etc., books ...... 29,009 5,457

Total books sold and receipts ...... 177,134 $18,735 Stationery sold, receipts ...... 2,327

Total sales ...... Volumes 1 7 7 ,1 3 4 $21,062

7. MEDICAL WORK.

No. of Physicians (men 5, women o) ...... 5 “ Assistant Physicians, men ...... 1 6 “ Nurses (missionary) women ...... 3 “ Foreign Assistant Nurses (American 3, European 10) 13 “ Egyptian Assistant Nurses ...... 12 28 “ House visits ...... 5,433 Village visits ...... 276 “ Villages visited ...... 79 “ Hospitals ...... 3 “ Operations performed ...... 1,694 “ Clinic cases treated in Clinics ...... 52,237 “ Patients in hospitals ...... 3,504 Total patients in Clinics and Hospitals ...... 5 5 ,7 4 1 Receipts, Physicians and Hospital fees ...... $30,472 140 Egypt— Summary of Statistics.

III. FINANCIAL SUMMARY.

Received from native sources in the work of the various depart­ ments of evangelistic effort as carried on by the American Mission and the Native Protestant Church in Egypt during 1913. (a) Evangelistic, congregational, Sabbath-school, Harem, etc... $59,307 (b) Educational, including Colleges and all schools ...... 119,327 (c) Book department ...... 21,062 (d) Medical department ...... 30,472

Total receipt from Egyptian sources ...... $230,168 Appropriated by General Assembly, May, 1913, for 1913-1914 .. $160,547 For every dollar sent by America, Egypt gave a dollar and 43 cents. MAP OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN MISSION FIELD IN INDIA.

73

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EXPLANATIONS.—Main Mission Stations are in Capitals and Underscored. Other large towns, not yet occupied, are in Capitals. Large centers, in which there are Christians, are marked by cross within circle. Villages in which there are Christians, are marked by cross only. Other villages marked by small circle. The inset map, in upper right hand corner, shows the United Presbyterian Mission Field in relation to the whole of India. THE

58th Annual Report

O F T H E

American United Presbyterian Mission

t

IN

INDIA

FOR THE YEAR 1913 UNITED PRESBYTERIAN MISSIONARIES IN INDIA, AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, I 913. India— Introduction. 143

INTRODUCTION.

HE social unrest has continued, crimes against life and prop­ erty have been numerous, several Indian banks have failed, destroying confidence and increasing poverty, and the poorly taught Christians have been exploited by zealous sectarians, some of whom desired to win their allegiance while others wished to obtain their money; but the work has continued to prosper. The year closed in gloom owing to the death of Miss Kate Corbett, in September, the furloughs made necessary by the physical breakdown of the Rev. W. B. Anderson and the illness in the family of the Rev. and Mrs. J. G. Campbell, the death of Mary Nesbitt, and the serious illness of the Rev. J. W. Ballan- tyne; but taken as a whole the year furnishes many causes for thanksgiving. Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Merriam, and the Misses Betsy Fleming, R. A . W arnock, E. M. Wilson, and M . J. Fehl~ man were added to the force of workers, and the Rev. D. R. Gordon, D.D., the Rev. J. A. McConnelee, D.D., the Rev. E. E. Campbell, the Rev. and Mrs. H. S. Nesbitt, the Rev. and Mrs. J. A. McArthur, and the Misses N. J. Spencer, E. M. Minger, Mary Kyle, and M. M. Wilson returned from furlough.

The increase in membership in the Church has been 2,106 and in contributions to Church work $272. The number of pupils in school has increased by 313, and the Christian pupils by 222, while the income from fees has increased by $1,534 and from Government aid by $3,336. In other lines of work, too, steady advance has been made. The increase in the number of Christian pupils, and especially in the number of girls, in school is a result of the concentration of effort on those already in the Church, and although this has resulted in a decrease in the number of those joining the Church on profession of their faith, it has led many of those outside the Church to show their willing­ 144 India— Introduction. ness to hear. The present state of Christians and non-Christians furnishes a magnificent opportunity for advance in every kind of mission work.

R o ber t M a x w e l l , Editor-in-Chief.

Editing Committee: H . S. N e s b it t M iss A . L. C l e l a n d H a r r is J. S t e w a r t “ E. J. M a r t in E. E. C a m p b e l l “ D. B. W h it e l y India— In Memoriam. 145

IN MEMORIAM. ZlDtes mate Corbett.

BY MISS M. J. CAMPBELL.

Born in Baxter, Pennsylvania, May the fourth, 1864. Arrived in India, November the tenth, 1886. Died in Gurdaspur, India, September the twenty-sixth, 1913. For twenty-seven years this devoted missionary went in and out of the homes in the Punjab. Eighteen years were largely spent among the simple country folk, into whose dreary lives she brought a bit of wholesome good cheer. She was always ready to give her best to the poorest and most despised. Tent- life was not easy for her because of the heart trouble from which she suffered continually. She was once ordered by a physician to give it up, because of the injury to her from the constant stoop­ ing, in going in and out of the tent door, but she said that as long as that work was assigned to her she would do it gladly, bearing the pain for the Master’s sake. Nine years of her missionary life were devoted especially to educational work; two years in the Girls’ Boarding School, Sial- kot, at least five years in the Girls’ Middle School, Gujranwala, and nearly two years in Rawalpindi where she had charge of a high school for girls. During the time spent in Sialkot she so impressed herself upon the lives of some of the girls that they are today among our strongest Christian workers. A great change was wrought by her in the Girls’ Middle School, Gujranwala. She brought order into every department, and the delightful home she made for the teachers is still remembered. One said only a few days ago, “It was Miss Corbett who brought me to Christ. When others were afraid to have 'me as a teacher, because I be­ longed to a Brahmo Samaj family, she asked for me and I came and was soon won for Christ. It was not so much her words as her daily life that won me.” It was during her stay in Gujranwala that she helped prepare two girls, privately, for the Matriculation Examination, and these two today are useful teachers in our schools. It was a deep sorrow to her when the school in Rawalpindi was closed and a part of it removed to Pathankot, but she never for one moment lost her interest in the work of higher education for India’s girls, and no one had a more loyal, helpful friend than the Avalon School had in Miss Corbett. Perhaps none miss her more than do those in this school. Her old friends often look, 146 India— In Memoriam. even yet, with wistful eyes down the road up which she used to come, and it is with a tightening at the heart strings that they turn back remembering that no more will this dear friend come in for a little surprise visit. During the last years of her life she carried a tremendous burden for the untaught little Christian girls of the villages. She had many plans under consideration for reaching them and may it not be that her death will help to arouse our whole Church to heed the cry of the little ones, and may we not soon see a chain of primary schools all up and down our Mission field for the benefit of the village girls. What a beautiful memorial this would be to our dear sister who laid down her life for the Punjab! Miss Corbett’s girlhood days were spent in 'the charming scenery of Western Pennsylvania. It was there she learned to love nature. Her aged father wrote to a friend after hearing of her death: “My daughter was always fond of living in the open. She loved the bees, the birds, the flowers.” This explains her great love for the grand old Himalayas and her great grief, when, because of the disease she had, she could no longer go up even into the lower hills. She always left her India homes more attractive than she found them, and she never forgot the trees an4 plants that she had tended with such loving care. Her touch brought beauty and order everywhere. Never had her last home, Gurdaspur, looked more lovely than on the still evening when she was carried slowly out past her blooming plants and flowering shrubs, through the little gateway that guarded the entrance to a beautifully kept lawn, out to the quiet road and on down to the little cemetery, where in the deepening twilight she was laid away to await the glad resurrection morn. Her last day of active service, the day before her death, was just a repetition of all her days; morning prayers with the household, and a Bible lesson with her school girls; the house put carefully in order, some fresh fruit given out to the girls, a new game taught to them, and a bit of instruction as to how best to use their school days, for the girls were leaving that day and going back to school; a little baking done for some unexpected company, letters written to friends, guests met with a hearty welcome, and medicine given out to a poor village woman; then at three P. M. the final call, a few hours of unconsciousness, and a glorious awakening in the presence of her King. India— Work Among Christians. 14 7 ir

WORK AMONG CHRISTIANS. ORGANIZED WORK.

CONGREGATIONS Not the convert, but the organized, self-supporting church, constitutes the finished product of missionary effort, if we may so term it. Hence, though we rejoice in being able to report large numbers of individuals coming to Christ, it is a matter of still greater satisfaction to be able to say that a substantial, though as yet small, proportion of our large Christian community is en­ rolled in organized congregations, ministered to by pastors, con­ stituting parts of a complete system of presbyteries and synod, and that this branch of Christ’s planting in India is itself bearing fruit as a missionary agency supporting its own Home Mission work. Many discouraging things, to be sure, can be reported in connection with the organized congregations, and are noted in the accounts below. Some pastors are finding it difficult to obtain a living and are much discouraged. On this account our young men do not look with favor on becoming pastors of self- supporting congregations, and candidates for the ministry are decreasing. The Church is, as yet, weak in knowledge, spirit­ uality and zeal. Yet there are many evidences that the true life of Christ in self-sustaining and self-propagating power exists within her. The Church in Gujranwala station has continued to flourish. The support given to the Rev. Karm Bakhsh by the group of villages over which he has been temporarily placed has been meager, but the salary of the Rev. Barkat Masih, pastor, has been increased, and the school in Khokherki has been well main­ tained. Regular mid-week and Sabbath services have been held not only in the city but also in the chapel of the Boys’ Industrial Home for those in the Home and the Theological Seminary near by. The attendance at the latter place, especially in the mid-week prayer meeting, has been better than in the city. Some village people come quite regularly and the students of the Seminary go out Sabbath afternoons to teach others. In the city good interest has been manifest and some families of another denom-' ination who formerly held aloof have attended well, and one of them has united with the Church. As in many other cities there is a great need for a revival of religion and you are requested to continue in prayer for those who are too much occupied with the world to pray for themselves, 148 India— Work Among Christians.

The Rev. W. D. Mercer of Gujranwala District reports:— “Although no new congregations have been organized during the year, yet progress has been made toward organization. There are ordained elders in eight villages. In a few other places elders have been chosen but have not yet been ordained. The Rev. Shadi Khan, the faithful worker at Othian Galotian, was ordained in February and is now the pastor of that congre­ gation. The Christians of Ghakkhar and vicinity have called the faithful mission worker stationed there, and in a short time he will be ordained and installed. They have already undertaken his entire support. This congregation also reports three Sab- bath-schools in adjoining villages/’ The Rev. A. M. Laing reports:— “At Gurdaspur there is a well organized central church with regular services, Sabbath- school, and Wednesday afternoon prayer-meeting, and with a session and treasurer who assume the responsibility of collecting the pastor’s salary. At Awankha, on the outskirts of the old city of Dinanagar, there is a well-conducted church service and Sab- bath-school. The pastoral charge at each of these places in­ cludes also a number of adjacent villages. Six other congrega­ tions in the district include from six to twenty-seven villages each. The work in these villages is not satisfactory. Pastoral instruction is rendered doubly difficult by the size of congrega­ tions and the illiteracy of their members, as well as by the fact that they are serfs to non-Christian and unsympathetic land­ lords. The pastors have been unable to secure much help from their elders and deacons and in consequence they are compelled to collect their own salaries, a result alike disastrous to their teaching efforts and in some cases to the people’s opinion of them. To cope with these difficulties, a plan is being followed of selecting and training a man in each village who will lead the services of that village, assist in teaching its people, and collect the contributions. Some men of this sort have been chosen and an effort is being made to teach them to read. No need is greater in these congregations than that of a trained and active elder­ ship. The number of congregations is the same as last year, but one of those which was self-supporting has been without a regular pastor since July. The condition of a number of villages is encouraging. The people of one, connected with the most backward of the self-supporting congregations, showed a great desire to learn and gave liberally. They have also tried to bring other families into the church, and desire a school. In another village the people had so nearly left off giving that the pastor had little hope of getting the salary due to him, and had often expressed himself as ready to give up. But lately they have been so liberal in their gifts that the pastor says, ‘If I only had a few more villages like this one, I would feel perfectly contented as far as support is concerned,’ India— Work Among Christians. 149

The Jhelum church continues to be ministered to by the Rev. Ganda Mall who reports an accession during the year of twenty-five of whom twenty-two were received on profession of faith. These were chiefly from the Chuhras for whom the pastor has put forth untiring efforts. In order to reach this class of people, two schools for boys were opened under the pastor’s supervision. The prejudice with which the low caste people are viewed makes it impossible to receive these boys into the Mission Middle School until they are baptized and recognized as Christians. In the two schools mentioned there are 15 and 18 boys respectively. These include a few Mohammedan boys who along with secular instruction are regularly taught the Bible together with the other pupils. Special effort has been made to instruct those newly enrolled in the church, and progress is manifest in their spiritual life. General faithfulness has been shown by the congregation in attendance on church services and prayer-meetings, and in contributing to the support of the work. The pastor, assisted by others of the congregation, has main­ tained regular preaching in the bazar , once a week, in connection with which many tracts and Scripture portions have been sold to the non-Christians of Jhelum City. Your prayers are requested that God may use this church mightily in hastening the establishment of His Kingdom in this district. The Rev. H. C. Chambers, of Khangah Dogran District re­ ports congregations at Martinpur, Sathiali and Roranwali, the same as heretofore. A new circle, however, has requested an organization and Presbytery has ordered the formation. Mar­ tinpur has been without a pastor most of the time, the Rev. Mallu Chand having resigned his charge early in the year. The Rev. Kathu Mall, the congregation’s first pastor, has again been called and is now at work on the field. The Sabbath-school has been carried on regularly under the super intendency of Bhana Mall, the headmaster of the boys’ school. In consequence of the absence of a pastor so much of the time not much prog­ ress can be reported. The membership has decreased owing to several deaths and removals. The contributions fell off by more than half as compared with last year. It is praiseworthy, how­ ever, that every cause for which gifts are solicited shared in the benefactions. Some faithful members are accustomed to go to neighboring villages to preach to the non-Christians on Sab­ bath. In general the new pastor is encouraged with the spiritual condition of the church. Sathiali congregation reports a com­ municant membership of 163. Eighteen new members were added during the year and the contributions amounted to Rs. 222, an increase of Rs. 72. The collection of the pastor’s salary is in the hands of a committee of six, of which elder Phaggu is the efficient chairman. The salary is collected and paid twice a year at harvest timé. The liberality of the people is illustrated by that of Jagtu who farms and keeps a herd of goats. Not India— Work Among Christians. only does he pay his subscription regularly but in additon pre­ sents the pastor with a goat each year. The parsonage is a sub­ stantial roomy house built by the people. They also furnish feed for the pastor’s horse. The interest of the members in the education of their children has increased some during the year though it is still very poor, only 29 children being in school. The pastor tries to reach every village once a week and conduct a service. Two Sabbath-schools, two Christian Endeavor Socie­ ties, and one Women’s Missionary Society, are organized within the bounds of the congregation. Roranwali congregation is still without a pastor. They are paying half of the salary of their teacher. The membership remains about the same and the con­ tributions show an increase. The Rev. J. H. Martin, D.D., of Lyallpwr District reports three congregations, a new one having been organized during the year. The membership in Lyallpur City has dropped from 204 to 189 chiefly owing to removals. The attendance at the church, however, is not of those whose names are on the roll but largely of Government servants and others not belonging to our denomination. The 189 members live mostly in the sur­ rounding villages, where services are held occasionally but not regularly, and they cannot be induced to gather for ordinary services in the central church. Contributions and attendance on church services have been good. The pastor, the Rev. Muham­ mad Hussain, resigned his charge in July, and since then the filling of the pulpit has been in the hands of the session. The services of Mr. Wazir Chand, B.A., a student of the Seminary, were secured during the vacation months, and proved very ac­ ceptable. For the past year Manpur congregation has been in the care of Mr. Khair Din, a Seminary graduate, and has made most excellent progress. The breach brought about by the Roman Catholics, is being healed and most of those who left the church will return. A call has been made out and it is expected that Manpur will be a settled pastorate by the end of March. The people promise two-thirds of the salary and there is a good pros­ pect of their paying all of it soon. The contributions during the past year have been good. The regular Sabbath services take the form of a Sabbath-school. Chak 72 congregation has been organized during the year with a session of three members. This new congregation is in the care of Mr. Bkwa Nasir, a licensed Seminary graduate. There are five villages in his charge and they promise two-thirds of his salary. His ordination and in­ stallation is to take place in March. The contributions of this congregation during the year have been good. They have a very good Sabbath-school with six teachers, all of whom are illiterate. One or two teachers’ meetings are held during the week when the lesson is taught by the pastor. The teachers in turn teach it to their classes and then the pastor uses this lesson story as India— Work Among Christians. the basis of his homiletical address. The secret of the success in these organizations at Manpur and Chak 72 is the efficiency of the two young men who act as their pastors. In both these con­ gregations there is marked improvement in Sabbath observance and attendance on divine services. Thus 24 out of 94 villages and 652 out of 2,060 adult members are organized into congre­ gations and we have reason to hope that others can be organized soon. The Rev. H. S. Nesbitt of Pasrur reports:— “The member­ ship and spiritual condition of the congregations remain about the same as formerly. No new pastors have yet been settled, but an unordained man is now at Mirali with a view to settle­ ment. There are at present three settled pastors. Two un­ licensed men from the Seminary are acting as pastors and may later be settled, while one large congregation, Passianwala, has been vacant some time, and three have never had pastors. The support rendered by the people to their pastors continues to be rather indifferent and irregular. The fault lies doubtless on both sides. Pastors too of ten. have to collect their own salaries and this invariably loses them the respect of their people. A read­ justment of our methods to meet the existing conditions is called for. We are hoping to place the burden of collecting salaries on the elders. The pastorates as well as other parts of the work have been injured by the Roman Catholic invasion. Members too frequently attach themselves to the Romanists by way of spite or revenge when a pastor has been indiscreet in asking for money or has opposed some act of his members. The pastor’s work in Baddomali congregation is worthy of the highest praise. We wish many such men might be called to the ministry here. Leaders such as are needed by the Indian Church are but too few. In Pasrur City the congregation has about maintained its former condition. A rival organization appeared during the year when the Romanists erected a building and established them­ selves more firmly. Those who had left us to join them have occasionally come to our church, notably on Christmas day, but they explained that it was now difficult for them to leave the priest since he had erected the church building at a cost of Rs. 2,000. We called attention to how very much more than that our Mission had expended in Pasrur. None of these Christians have accepted Roman baptism at the hands of the priest, and we believe they will eventually be reclaimed. The pastor has received a satisfactory support, the church has met all its finan­ cial obligations, and a new interest seems to prevail among the Christians.” The Rev. J. H. Stewart reports:— “The congregation in Pathankot is supplied by the missionary in charge when he is in the station. In his absence, during the itinerating season and at other times, the pulpit is supplied by a licentiate who is in charge India— Work Among Christians. of the reading room and city work. While the congregation jdoes not contribute anything toward a pastor, yet they support a mis­ sion pensioner who w;orks in the villages near Pathankot. His work is bearing fruit. He is able to visit the same places re­ peatedly, thus conserving the work formerly done, and bringing people nearer to a decision. He has been laboring especially among the Chamars and the Doms and reports some inquirers who seem very near the Kingdom. The first break in the ranks of the sweepers of Pathankot City occurred during the past year when five adults were baptized.” The Rev. W. T. Williams reports a year of blessing in the work of the Rawalpindi church. The general health of the mem­ bers has been good in spite of the fevers prevalent in August and September. Plague has also been in the city since August but there have been no deaths in the congregation. Interest has been manifest in the Sabbath-school and the church services are well attended, but the attendance at the mid-week prayer meet­ ings has been very small. With very few exceptions the mem­ bers have faithfully contributed to the pastor’s salary and other funds of the church and are beginning to feel their responsibil­ ity for taking part in church activities of every kind. The home mission work of the congregation has not been at all satisfactory this year. A suitable worker is being looked for to carry it on. The congregation needs your prayers. The work in the cantonments and the brickkilns at Rawal­ pindi is largely under the supervision of the missionary and his helpers. Mr. W. E. Nicoll reports:— “A regular Sabbath ser­ vice is maintained for the Christians in the cantonments who number all told about 100. There is also a Sabbath-school and a mid-week service. Many of the people have given evidence of a real work of grace in their hearts. The two workers are very faithful and painstaking and follow a regular course of instruc­ tion with all the people. Efforts are sometimes made by out­ siders to entice the Christians away to other folds, but they have remained loyal.” The Rev. R. E. Ayers reports from Sargodha District:— “There have been no new congregations organized during the year, but three pastors have been installed. Two of these, the Revs. Labhu Mall and Faqira Mall, became pastors of the two congregations in the Government Remount Depot. The people here are farming land which they have rented from the Govern­ ment and have been carrying a heavy financial burden. The first harvest of the year was almost a failure but the second harvest of cotton, mustard, and sugar cane was very good and they hope to be out of debt soon. The pastors have been acting as the peo­ ple’s business managers and agents in their transactions with the Government, as no other capable Christian men could be found to do the work. This is to be regretted as it takes much EVANGELISM BY AUTO IN INDIA. Dr. Gordon, at the wheel. Dr. McConnelee and the Rev. Mallu Chand, as they appear when itinerating. India— Work Among Christians. 153 of the pastor’s time which should be given to the spiritual over­ sight of his charge. The Sargodha congregation, after a vacancy of over a year and a half, has called the Rev. Clietu Mall. Be­ sides the work in the city itself, three Sabbath-schools are con­ ducted in neighboring villages. Under the consecrated leader­ ship of the young pastor this congregation has a very encourag­ ing outlook. The Sakesar congregation with the Rev. Mangu Mall as pastor, is continuing to prosper. The people now sup­ port their own school teacher as well as their pastor and have also been employing a converted Mohammedan maulvi to do missionary work in the surrounding villages. The Rev. Mallu Chand has been called to the pastorate of the Chak 74 congrega­ tion and has been in charge of the work for several months, though as yet he has not been installed. During the summer he was thrown from his horse and sustained such a severe injury that the amputation of his foot became necessary. After a long illness in the Sargodha Hospital he was graciously restored, in answer to many earnest prayers of the church. Last fall he and Dr. Gordon were chosen by the Synod for special evan­ gelistic work throughout the various districts of the Mission, and he is now engaged in that work.” The Rev. H. D. Salik continues in charge at Bhera. Apart from the dispensary staff he is the only Christian worker in that city, which ranks fourth in size in our Mission field. He finds many opportunities for teaching non-Christians. Three young Hindus are at present very much interested in Christianity, two of whom read the Bible regularly. The congregations of Chak 87 and Westonpur are at present without pastors. We hope to have them supplied soon. The Rev. T. E. Holiday, D.D., who is in charge of the Chris­ tian Training Institute congregation, Sialkot, reports that regu­ lar Sabbath and mid-week services have been held. During spe­ cial meetings in August, at which the Rev. Labhu Mall and the Rev. Harris J. Stewart rendered aid, seventeen boys professed their faith in Christ. Six others united with the Church at other times. The Rev. Gulam Masih, pastor of the Sialkot City congrega­ tion, reports that the year has been one of peace and progress. The increase in the membership has been slight, owing to the fact that some asking for baptism have been held back until they are better taught. But in the spiritual life of the Church as shown in the attendance at prayer meeting, and in the hearing and remembering of God’s Word, there have been encouraging progress. Especially are the illiterate members worthy of praise for their faithfulness in observing the Christian ordinances, and for bringing their children to be baptized in their infancy. The congregation is so scattered throughout the city, that in order to look after the needs of all, each member of the session has been assigned a section for which he shall be responsible for one 154 India— Work Among Christians. month. At the end of the month reports are received in the ses­ sion meeting, and new assignments are made. The pastor works with the elders and in this way members are visited in their homes and instruction is given. The members are eager to be taught and are faithful in attendance at these group prayer meetings, and take special delight in singing the Psalms. Sev­ eral social gatherings have been held. The Rev. W. M. McKelvey of Sialkot District reports :— “No new organizations have been added to the list this year, and none of the vacant congregations have called pastors. Good work is being done by pastors where settled, and the people seem to be loyal to them. Despite the materialism of Christians as shown in their craze for land, and their willingness to leave their first love for anyone or anything which offers them worldly advantages, I believe that many of our people are making real advance in the spiritual life. The proselytizing agents of the Roman Catholics and of the Salvation Army have taken away some of our disaffected people and those under discipline, but others previously led away are dissatisfied and are requesting to be taken back. Harvest collections and offerings in general have fallen off because of the Romanist teaching that the re­ quirement of these is ‘tyranny;’ in fact, wherever their theol- °gy gets a foothold we find its marks in idolatry, ignorance, car­ don eating, and covetousness.” Three congregations with pastors are reported from Zafar- wal District located at Zafarwal, Chhima, and Ainowali. In these the membership has slightly decreased. As in other dis­ tricts pastors have experienced some difficulty in securing ade­ quate support. The Roman Catholics have been busy and have succeeded in winning over some of the people. Sins of care­ lessness and strife within the church have given occasion to the adversaries from without. One of the pastors had to be dis­ ciplined by Presbytery. His people have maintained a good spirit and it is hoped that this time of chastening may redound to the ultimate welfare of all. Qualified leaders filled with the Spirit of God are much needed. Pray that this need may be supplied.

SABBATH SCHOOLS Sabbath-schools are found in connection with the city churches and such institutions as boarding and day schools, but in a well-organized form are as yet rare in the villages. Some­ times the pastor of a village congregation uses the Sabbath- school lesson, but often preaches a sermon rather than teaches. In order to advance the cause of Sabbath-schools in the village communities, the India Sunday-School Union secured the serv­ ices of two men of our Mission during the past summer, to act as missioners under its auspices. The men chosen were Prof. Labhu Mall, of the Theological Seminary, and Mr. Maula Bakhsh, B.A., India— Work Among Christians. 155 headmaster of the Christian Training Institute. Their salaries and expenses were paid by the Union. They spent several weeks of the summer vacation, separately, visiting the various districts of the Mission, especially those where large numbers of Christians are found, speaking to pastors, mission workers, and people. That the ignorant people of an ordinary village congre-' gation may be gathered together in a Sabbath-school, divided into classes, and taught by illiterate men and women chosen from the congregation and themselves previously taught by the pastor or worker, was, among other things, the proposition which the missioners attempted to demonstrate. Model classes were con­ ducted to show this. The enthusiasm with which the people grasped this idea in many cases was very encouraging, and raises the hope that Sabbath-school work may be more widely developed in the future. The following is not a complete account of the Sabbath- schools of our Mission. Some are reported in connection with the congregations, schools, or other institutions to which they belong. Three Sabbath-schools, two for Christians and one for non-Christians, have been regularly maintained in Gujranwala station. In the All-India S. S. Examination many passed, some standing very well. The Sabbath-school of the Jhelum Church has been regu­ larly held as usual on Sabbath mornings under the superinten­ dency of the pastor. The congregation is largely present and much interest in manifested. A Sabbath-school is also held in the Boys’ Middle School. The headmaster is superintendent and reports that many boys of the local Government High School as well as parents of the Mission School pupils frequently attend. A Sabbath-school, if the name be not judged a misnomer, is held on Saturdays in the boys’ day school, Madhopur. Forty- three non-Christian boys from surrounding villages are in attend­ ance and take pleasure in learning the International Sabbath- School Lessons and in receiving Bible picture cards. This year they also committed and learned to sing the first, fifth, and ninth Psalms. A number of the older boys attended the Christian mela at Pathankot, eight miles distant, and publicly recited some Old Testament stories, and also sang in concert the first Psalm and a temperance song. Twelve boys received a small reward for committing and reciting the whole of Mudge’s Bible Catechism. In most of the village schools in Pasrur District the Sabbath- school lesson is taught weekly. Those for adults and children that meet in Kalaswala, Baddomali, and Pasrur on Sabbath are especially worthy of commendation. A school of about thirty pupils has been maintained at Nangal near Pasrur by Miss E. J . Martin and the teachers and pupils of the Girls’ Industrial Home. A Christian watchmaker living in the village taught a India— Work Among Christians. class of men from which four came to Pasrur and took the adult oral India Sunday School Union examination and all passed. During the past year the Pasrur City Sabbath-school has had 209 pupils with 14 teachers. The contributions have amounted to Rs. 113. A weekly teachers’ meeting in which great interest is manifested has been kept up regularly. Two medals were offered this year in connection with the All-India S. S. Examinations. The medal for the oral examination was won by a weaver, and that for the written by a little girl reading in the primary class in the Girls’ Industrial Home. In all schools in the district and also in the town of Sangla Hill the attendance has been satisfactory, and the International Sabbath-school Lessons have been profitably studied. Those unable to read were required to commit the subject headings as well as the golden texts of each lesson. Great stress was put on the temperance lessons of each quarter. The Sabbath-school at Sangla Hill itself had an average attendance of about 45 persons. The school was much helped by the faithful attendance of the superintendent, teachers, and pupils of the Sangla Hill Girls’ Boarding School. In addition to seven Sabbath-schools formerly reported from Sargodha District four new ones have been formed. One of these is in an unorganized circle and was started by one of the village school teachers. The International Lessons are used. Much interest is shown in the school. More schools of this sort will probably be started soon. There are four Sabbath- schools under the supervision of the Sargodha City congregation. Three of these are in neighboring villages and are conducted by the pastor and workers from the congregation. Several pupils from these and the Sakesar Sabbath-school passed the All-India S. S. Examination. There has been a very encouraging increase all along the line in connection with the Sabbath-schools of the Rawalpindi Church, the total attendance rising from 2,903 to 3,939; average attendance from 58 to 76; offerings from Rs. 105 to Rs. 150; and the largest single attendance from 88 to 113. In addition to the one at the church, Sabbath-schools are maintained at eight other centers in and about the city and cantonments. Plague, fevers, and the irregular attendance of teachers and pupils have militated against the best work being done in some of these. The International Lessons are followed and use is made of all the different helps in the way of picture rolls, cards, medals, etc., to encourage attendance and stimulate study.

CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR SOCIETIES The young people’s movement is still in its infancy in our Church in India. Wherever found it takes the form of Chris- tian Endeavor and is thus through the Punjab and India C. E. India— Work Among Christians. 157

Unions linked up with that inter-denominational movement throughout India. The annual convention for the Punjab, held in Gujranwala in April, was well attended by representatives from our own as well as other missions and proved a helpful and inspiring meeting. Our societies are found chiefly in con­ nection with the boarding schools or other institutions, and in a few of the city churches. Khangah Dogran is practically the only district where Christian Endeavor has been introduced into the villages. Here its adaptability to village conditions is being successfully demonstrated. The Rev. H. C. Chambers gives a report of the last semi-annual convention of that district. He says:— “Nine societies, reporting 140 members were represented. The attendance by actual count was 209, the largest we have had. The people of Pakka Dalla, where the convention was held, had made careful arrangements for the entertainment. A fund of Rs. 100 was raised in advance to pay for the flour, butter, meat, and other necessary supplies. One man contributed Rs. 50. After the usual fees of four annas each for members and five annas for visitors were collected, there was a shortage of only Rs. 46 to be borne by the local society. The cooking was done by three old village men. A feature of the convention was a bazar preaching service. The entire company, singing to the accompaniment of drum and cymbals, marched to the center of the village. In the audience were a number of Hindu women who showed the greatest interest in the message. One of them wept as she listened. A singing contest was also held in which representatives of the different societies, small boys of a Junior Society, old men chosen at random from the audience, and the women present, took part. In response to appeals liberal con­ tributions were made toward the support of the Punjab Travel­ ing Secretary and our Synod’s Home Mission. A fund was also started toward the support of a worker to be employed in a needy circle of villages in this district. The popularity of the convention is attested by the fact that three or four invitations were extended for the next one. Among these was that of a man who is the only Christian in his village. He offered to provide the entertainment himself.” In Gurdaspur the Senior Society has had an addition of two active members during the year. A missionary spirit is developing and more interest is being taken in the village mem­ bers of the congregation. A list of the villages within the bounds of the congregation is posted in the meeting room and each village in turn is remembered in prayer. The Junior leader reports the work among the children as encouraging. During the summer when three little girls were home from boarding school there was an added interest. Two little boys who were too small to attend alone came with their sisters and so the number was increased by five. 158 India— Work Among Christians.

Christian Endeavor which had formerly existed in Jhelum was revived this year by the organization of a society. About twenty-five persons signed the membership pledge at a meeting called to present the subject. Considerable interest has since been manifested in the weekly prayer-meetings. Four Christian Endeavor Societies have been maintained in the Girls’ Industrial Home, in Pasrur, with a membership at the close of the year of 120. During the summer some of the girls helped in a meeting for the city women, held in the church on Sabbath afternoons. Three Christian Endeavor Societies were maintained during the year in the Christian Training Institute, Sialkot. The boys in the Junior and Intermediate branches learn many Scripture verses. The picture cards from friends at home have been much used in their meetings and the boys enjoy them greatly, not only studying the point of the illustrations but repeating the golden text printed below. One committee from the Senior Society has conducted a helpful Sabbath-school all through the school year in a village four and one-half miles away, walking back and forth for this work. The Christians of this village have been taught by the boys a number of stories from the life of Christ,' and can recite them very well. Other villages have also been visited by the boys. Picture cards of former Sabbath-school lessons have been helpful in this work. They are much enjoyed by the simple village folk. We have recently received a few packets of these cards from friends at home, which are being used in the villages and among the smaller boys of our school. In addition to those noted above, Christian Endeavor So­ cieties are found in Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Sangla Hill, and Pathankot.

WOMEN’S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES The Women’s Missionary Society is a very effective means of developing the Christian women and creating in them an in­ terest in others. For the Indian women to have something of their own, a society and meetings for which they are responsible and in which they must take part, is one of the best possible means of getting the people away from the old idea that women are but cattle and slaves and have no rights in this world or the next. When these people become Christians they do not at once leave off these old notions, so anything that tends to dispel these ideas is very useful. The interest it gives in others, the promo­ tion of the spirit of giving, and the training of the women in taking part, all these things make the Women’s Missionary So­ ciety a very great help in establishing and strengthening the Church of God in India. With the exception of one or two village societies that have disbanded, all the societies reported last year are continuing to India— Work Among Christians. 159 do good work. The Gujranwala City society held its meetings on the first Saturday of each month throughout the year. There are 46 members. The contributions for the year amounted to Rs. 40 of which Rs. 2 per month were expended on a Christian school that is maintained by the Gujranwala congregation. The thank offering is Rs. 50, but as some have not yet contributed it is hoped that, when it is all gathered in, the offering will be larger than last year. This society has a new feature this year in that they hold a temperance meeting every three months in connection with the missionary society. Martinpnr, of Khangah Dogran District, had the pleasure of entertaining the Gujranwala Presbyterial. Mrs. Chambers reports this meeting as follows:— “Though the village women find it very difficult to keep up their missionary societies and still feel that it is almost impossible, where there is no one who can read to act as their leader, yet their interest in the society is shown by the trouble so many of them took to attend the Presbyterial which was held in Martinpur last spring. Some came many miles by rail paying their own fare, and very many walked ten, fifteen or twenty miles, carrying their babies in their arms, that they might share in the joy of those days of fellow­ ship together. How glad our hearts were as we watched that crowd of three hundred or more women gathering to listen to the Bible studies, given by one of the Indian pastors, and to the other addresses, or as we listened to one and another of them as they took their part in the program, and we rejoiced as we realized anew the progress they were making and that the women of India were beginning to find their place in the work of the church.” The Gurdaspur society has 22 members. Miss Corbett is very much missed. She occupied a large place in both the local and the Presbyterial societies. She was the Presbyterial presi­ dent and the local treasurer. The women depended very much on her judgment in everything. This year the pastor’s wife has been president of the local society and the meetings have been held regularly whether the lady missionaries were present or not. The contributions amounted to Rs. 49. Three-fourths of this will be used for a little orphan girl whom they have recently sent to the Girls’ Industrial Home, Pasrur. The regular thank offering service was held in August and the offering amounted to Rs. 40. One village society collected one rupee and a half, and another society collected Rs. 5 for the thank offering. This was brought to the Presbyterial meeting in March. At that time several village women brought personal offerings, one sold a chicken and brought the price, another brought a few pice which she had saved. Seventy village women came to this Presbyterial meeting and some of them stayed two days. Some were from near villages and returned home at night, and after doing their 160 India— Work Among Christians. regular work in the morning, they returned in the afternoon to the meeting. Indifference to the work of the Women’s Missionary So­ ciety on the part of some who ought to be leaders in Lyallpur, has been a hindrance during the past year. The society has held ten meetings and contributed Rs. r8 for home mission work. The thank offering including the offering of the village people was Rs. 31. At the Sialkot Presbyterial meeting, the banner for general progress and good work done during the year was awarded to the Pasrur society. The members number 50 and the contribu­ tions amounted to Rs. 59. The attendance and interest at the meetings are always good. The members take turns in leading. A very interesting thank offering service was held, at which the earthen jugs were broken. Some were nearly filled with pice and the offering amounted to Rs. 80. More jugs are in demand for next year than for the last. This society entertained the Presbyterial. Nearly 200 attended this meeting. Some of the village women came 20 miles on foot, carrying their babies, and all who came were much pleased with what they had seen and heard. The combined membership of the four village societies in Pathankot District is 40. The Sujanpur society had six meet­ ings, and the members made progress in learning and giving. The other three societies have no one to take the lead, so they have meetings only when the missionaries are camped at the village, at which time their yearly offering is taken. The contributions for the year amounted to Rs. 17, of which non-Christian women gave nearly Rs. 3. After a lesson had been given in her court­ yard, one poor woman who carries water for a living, gave two annas. The wife of the head man of a village called her neigh­ bors in to hear what the missionaries had to say, then gave eight annas worth of rice and pulse. The taking of these offerings keeps up the spirit of giving, and when these people become Christians it will be an easy matter for them to support their teachers. The Jhelum society met regularly during the year. The most of the work of the society is done, and well done, by the Indian sisters. The society continued the support of the little girl in Pasrur. Since there are no village Christians within the bounds of the Rawalpindi and Jhelum Districts, the Rawalpindi Presbyterial consists of the two societies. They report a very pleasant meet­ ing held in March. A particular feature of the meeting was the addresses given by Miss Mukerjea. There was also helpful in­ struction on the subject of temperance. The Rawalpindi City society holds weekly meetings. The study for the year has been Bible characters, and some of the biographies, as presented by the leader, were exceedingly inter­ India— Work Among Christians. 161 esting. The regular contributions were Rs. 49, and the thank offering, Rs. 105, The membership of the Sangla Hill society is not large but the attendance has been good. Meetings have been held monthly, and the contributions amounted to Rs. 15, which were sent to the widows and orphans in the Balkan States. The thank offering for the whole district was Rs. 55. About 200 women from the district attended the Presbyterial in Martinpur, in April, and they are now eagerly looking forward to the Presbyterial to be held at Sangla Hill, in April, 1914. Those attending the Pres­ byterial as visitors pay all their own expenses. From Sargodha District the Sargodha City society reports regular meetings continued throughout the year. Missions throughout the world have been studied. The membership has been somewhat depleted by removals, but those who are left are very faithful. The Indian members have practically the entire control as the missionaries can seldom be present at the meetings. During the summer the members met weekly to sew garments for the hospital. The Bhera society continues to do as faithful worij as ever. Their numbers have not increased but their interest does not flag. One or two of the village societies have disbanded this year because the entire Christian community had moved away. One or two new societies have been organized. They all seem to be doing good work. At the close of the Summer Bible School they met and or­ ganized the Sargodha Presbyterial Missionary Society. Within the last year, the presbyteries had been divided, forming Sar­ godha Presbytery, and it seemed wise to make the divisions of presbyterials conform to those of the presbyteries, so the division was made and now Sargodha Presbyterial is composed of all the societies in Sargodha Mission District and in the Home Mis­ sion District. They had a very profitable meeting and expect to hold the meeting about the same time next year. Large num­ bers of the village women are hoping to attend. Although in many of the villages of Sargodha they cannot have organized societies, as all the instruction that some of them receive is what the missionaries give on their yearly visit, yet they endeavor to take up a thank offering at every camping place. The women seem glad to give this offering and are surprised and delighted to find how many blessings they have when they begin to recount them. There has been quite an increase in the membership of the Sialkot City society, the larger part of the new members coming from the Girls’ Boarding School. Forty-six names are on the roll; the monthly contributions total Rs. 32, and the thank offer­ ing, Rs. 31. In addition to these, several members have con­ tributed work, from the sale of which Rs. 6 were realized, and 162 India— Unorganised Christian Work. another member has added Rs. 2 to this, from the sale of old newspapers. There has been a slight increase in the Zafanval society, making the number of members 24. Regular meetings have been held. The contributions, Rs. 26, were expended on mission work in India. The women take turns in leading and show an in­ creased interest in their sisters in other lands. There are no societies in the district, but all the workers’ wives are associate members of the city society. The thank offering, which was taken in July, amounted to Rs. 49. At this meeting six new mem­ bers were received, who took thank offering jugs and have been faithful in attendance at the meetings. The little magazine, Bashir-un-Niswan (“Giver of Good News to Women” ), is used and much appreciated.

UNORGANIZED CHRISTIAN WORK.

WORK AMONG VILLAGE MEN One of the unchanged conditions that comes up for record each year, is the fewness of laborers to gather the harvest. A great deal of our work among Christians still needs to be classed as unorganized. The ideal we have in view is that every Chris­ tian community shall be included in a pastoral charge, contrib­ ute to their pastor’s support, and take part in the government of their own congregation. Several reasons prevail to prevent the realization of this ideal in most of our Christian communities. Perhaps the most potent is the paucity of eligible men desiring to be pastors. Another is the people’s shortcoming in the grace of giving. They are often so poor in this world’s goods that their ability is comparatively small, yet wherever they have given out of this deep poverty they have been blessed. The Rev. W. D. Mercer writes that in Gujranwala District there are nine unorganized centers. In some of these there are so many villages, that they cannot all possibly be reached by the teachers. Some villages, remote from a worker, have not been visited for several years in succession. In Gurdaspur the Rev. A. M. Laing reports half the villages as. yet in unorganized centers, and the pastors of organized con­ gregations as helping to care for some of these. There are now in Khangah Dogran over one hundred vil­ lages in which they are Christians, yet 92 of these are outside of congregations. The Rev. H. C. Chambers reports that one man having neither salary nor property and living alone, in a village seldom visited by a teacher, gave over rupees 45 for the year. This is about six months’ income of aj day laborer. In this sec­ tion of the field, it is encouraging to learn that more of the Chris­ tians are renting land on shares, thus escaping from serfdom. The opening of a new tract of land to irrigation, has somewhat India— Unorganized Christian Work. unsettled the Christians, and some of them are looking to the Roman Catholics, in hope of receiving through them a grant of land. The provision for their instruction, which is at our com­ mand, is wholly inadequate. The Rev. Fazl Din, also working in Khangah Dogran, points out that the successes of the Roman Catholics in winning away our Christians, have been largely due to the exemption offered them, from the obligation to learn the Bible or conform to a high moral standard. The gifts of the people of this district were 40 per cent, above those of last year. There were 68 baptized and admitted to church membership. In L,yallpur nearly 70 per cent, of the Christians are in un­ organized centers. The Rev. J. H. Martin, D.D., calls our atten­ tion to the fact that it is not exact to say that these villages have no organization whatever. They have local committees called “panchayats,” which are somewhat like sessions, and in which they are learning to exercise some of the functions of self-gov­ ernment. They are visited frequently by workers or mission­ aries, and nearly all of them have a weekly service. There has been a reduction in contributions, owing to the teaching given by Romanizers that these are not necessary. There have been comparatively few baptisms because there are not many remain­ ing in the caste from which the Christians have principally come. From Pasrur the Rev. E. V. Clements writes that his first impression of work in that district is that we can never hope to compass the task with our present force. It is only with great difficulty that we can see once in the year every village in which there are Christians, although an extra missionary has been al­ lotted to this district. His second impression relates to the oppo­ sition of the Romanists. It is startling to learn that in this non- Christian land, the Church’s greatest enemy and worst opponent is a body calling itself Christian. The Romanists are spending their efforts on those we have baptized and labored with so many years. They are doing nothing to gather in the non-Christians. One of our Christians.in his joy to celebrate the birth of his son, called in the dancers according to the old custom. When the worker heard about it, he remonstrated with the man, but the latter argued that he had already paid the money to the dancers. The worker replied that it would not be right, and that he, him­ self, though a poor man, would bear the loss. It seemed for a time as though they had abandoned the plan, but on the contrary the next day the performance was given. The worker declined to partake of the feast. At this the Christians of the place be­ came aggrieved with the worker, and went off and called the priest to accept them as Roman Catholics. He told them they had done nothing wrong, and that he was their friend and repre­ sented the true Church. The vastness of the work in Pasrur can be further under­ stood when we learn, through the report of the Rev. H. S. Nes­ bitt, that there are more than 400 villages in which there are 164 India— Unorganised Christian Work.

Christians needing to be taught. The district is about 25 miles wide, and 45 miles long. One worker, whose salary is rupees ten per month, has an area of oyer a hundred square miles to cover, in order to see the Christians under his care. There should be not less than six or seven workers in that section alone. Who at home will help to save the people from the ravening “wolves that are entering in, and not sparing the flock?” Truly do these words of the Apostle describe the depredations of false teachers on our untaught multitude. Although the Christians are yet so ignorant of the rudiments of undefiled religion, yet the Rev. J. H. Stewart, of Pathankot, has been able to rejoice when comparing their present with their past condition. To shepherd them and win them away from their old superstitions is no light task. Here, as everywhere, there is need for consecrated laborers. Let the Church at home remember to pray for these babes in Christ. From Sangla Hill District, the Rev.- A. B. Caldwell re­ ports that in several Christian centers elders have been chosen. They are accustomed to take up cases of serious offence and im­ pose suitable punishment. Sometimes they exceed their rights and have been known to suspend their teacher. Some of the communities were far on the way to assume the entire support of their teachers, but the incoming of the Roman Catholics has resulted in an unsettled state of mind and fostered secular ambi­ tions. Quite a few losses to the Romanists must be recorded. They have baptized children in the street without the knowledge of their parents. One of our workers was led away by the offer of increase in his salary, but the people under his charge refused to follow his example, and ousted him from their village. Within three months he returned and asked forgiveness. The instruction in the villages has been on the leading events in the life of Christ. During the summer, communions were held in several centers, and the spirit exhibited was very commendable. Some walked long distances to attend these^ services. Sargodha District ranks second in our field in Christian population. The Rev. R. E. Ayers says that were there workers sufficient to provide for the whole field, false teaching could be warded off and self-supporting congregations built up. There is much restlessness among the Christians, due to their desire to obtain land. There is also in their hearts that natural desire for liberty, which comes to all people who are influenced by the Gospel. These downtrodden people are awakening to their rights as human beings, and if they are not educated the Church of India will have a great problem in the future. In some parts of the district the Roman priest has been proselytizing from among our Christians. When those who had left us were asked why they became Roman Catholics they said, “There is no difference; their teaching is the same as yours.” When the difference was India— Unorganised Christian Work. 165 explained to them they said, “How should we know? You have left us for ten years without anyone to teach us.” The lives of some false teachers are being revealed. Two of them are now serving sentences for collecting money under false pretences, and a third was a fugitive from justice for a time. There are no more workers in Sargodha than last year, and there is an im­ perative need for re-enforcements at once. The Rev. W. M. McKelvey of Sialkot District says that three fourths of the Christians there are provided with teachers, and about half have the privilege of attending a weekly service. Our Christians know Bible stories so well that it has made a deep impression on the non-Christians. Better attendance on worship is noted. Zafarwal District has seven unorganized Christian centers, comprising 82 villages. The Rev. S. C. Picken describes the work among them as having advanced. The people are happier. There are several difficulties in the way of their progress in Christian knowledge and faith, one of which is their indisposition to learn. Often, too, the teachers are not as zealous for their work as we could wish. The Christians are seldom able to leave their em­ ployers’ service on Sabbath, and this hinders their religious prog­ ress. All who have been baptized are provided with teachers, which is a cause for thanksgiving.

WORK AMONG VILLAGE WOMEN “Desire to learn, more Psalms committed to memory, bet­ ter understanding of things taught, willingness to send girls to school, deeper interest in the things of the Kingdom,” are some of the encouraging things which Miss M. M. Wilson and Miss Buchanan of Gujranwala District have noted concerning the work of the year. Miss Buchanan says, “As we sat in a village communion service, we were much interested in a conversation between several Mohammedan and Hindu men. £Just l°°k at those women and even children sitting quietly, and how they all sing. Our women are noisy and do not know how to keep their children quiet. Those men are being called up before all, just because they have been gambling, and that woman because she has been wearing charms to keep away the evil spirits. In our religion no one ever thinks of putting away sin like that.’ ” Miss Laing of Gurdaspur District writes:— “The work among the Christian women is very encouraging in many respects. As a rule they have shown more interest both in hearing and in learning the Word. They take pleasure in reciting Bible stories, in singing the Psalms, and in quoting favorite verses. Some of our pastors’ wives are rendering valuable service by teaching the women and girls of their own villages. In one village the wife of the pastor not only teaches regularly but also gathers in the thank offering. The interest and enthusiasm of this woman have a marked effect on the other women of the village.” 166 India— Unorganised Christian Work.

Miss Cowden of Khangah Dogran District went on furlough and Miss Hopkins has taken her place. Of the work Miss J. E. Martin writes:— “As we itinerate among the Christian people we are often unable to detect much progress in a single year, but when we look back several years we see that the Church of Christ in India is steadily growing. The numbers increase so rapidly that we are unable to give them satisfactory care, yet we believe that the Christians are growing in grace and the knowledge of the Lord. While we have no more individual examples than usual of those who learn much of God’s Word, yet we are convinced that the desire of the Christian women to learn has increased. We listened to an elderly woman tell Bible stories until we were obliged to leave on account of the lateness of the hour. She also recited many texts and had learned several Psalms. Her family is highly respected in the community in which they live because they are consecrated, godly people.” Although Misses Spencer and McConnell of Lyallpur Dis­ trict have been many times disappointed to find little progress yet there are many reasons for praise, three of which Miss Mc­ Connell names: “First, there is an increased knowledge of God’s Word; second, fewer charms are worn by the women and chil­ dren ; third, they give less to fakirs and more to the support of their own Christian teachers. “One day when we visited a village we found the Christian women absent from their homes. On inquiring for them from a Mohammedan neighbor she paid them this tribute, ‘They are always going over their Bible stories.’ One of the Christian women told us that the Mohammedan women laughed at her for reciting Bible stories as she picked cotton. Fever has been prevalent and more medicine has been dispensed from our tent in the last six weeks than in the previous year. Not the least part of our work has been an effort to increase the interest of parents in the education of their daughters. The little girls often wish to go to school but their mothers say, ‘If she goes to school, who will take care of the baby?’ ” In November Miss Kyle returned to Pasrur District. Miss Elizabeth Lawrence writes:— “Within a radius of four miles of Pasrur are 34 villages containing Christians, which afford us no lack of work for the summer time. It is hard for the women to leave their work, especially in harvest, but most of them gladly welcome the lady missionary. During the past summer many of the women were faithful in learning the Bible stories, but some of them were waiting for a more convenient time when they would not be so busy. The Roman Catholics are still wel­ coming any of our Christians who, for any reason, feel neg­ lected. On Sabbath evenings during the summer the Christian women of Pasrur City gathered at the church for a service. The older pupils of the Girls’ Industrial Home helped in teaching India— Unorganized Christian JVork. them. There were separate classes for the women and children. After the old stories had been recited and a new one learned a little prayer meeting was held, and the prayers of the women were an encouraging evidence of their faith. At the close of the summer work all of the women, who had been visited, were in­ vited to an all-day meeting and a dinner at the church. About 300 responded. A prize was given to the woman who had learned the most stories and a banner to the village which had made the most progress. A new work was started during the summer connecting the school and the village work. At the teachers’ prayer meeting, held each Thursday evening, a new Bible story was taught so that they in turn could teach it correctly to their Bible classes. The girls were expected to teach the stories in their villages during vacation. This winter the fruit of this work is being seen in their homes.” Miss C. E. Wilson of Pathdnkot District writes:— “We now have Christians in 14 villages, only two of which can be visited from the house during the hot season. Since most of the Chris­ tians have to earn their living by hard work, we can seldom get them to sit and learn except early in the morning, or during the middle of the day when they return for their food, or late in the evening. During the rice harvest in November they spend the entire day at their work. WTe find it difficult to get the women together, and it requires much patience and perseverance to teach them and to get their attention because of their household duties. During the summer we conducted the monthly missionary meet­ ing at Sujanpur, and visited the women each week. We are sorry that we do not have more faithful teachers in the villages so that there might be greater progress.” On her return from furlough Miss Minger was assigned to Sangla Hill District. Miss Hill reports:— “One of the great joys of the year has been a preparation of the women for com­ munion. Eight communion services were held during the hot season. At the service at Shahkot more than 100 persons were present, though it was during the hot weather and wheat harvest. The women and children came from one village in an ox-cart. Two women walked six miles to be present at an afternoon service because they had missed the morning service near their own village. One woman was ill for several months with blood poisoning. In telling us about it she said, ‘Whenever I heard the things of Christ it comforted me and I was able to forget the pain.’ Her faithfulness in learning and testifying in her village has borne fruit. At first she was the only Christian woman in the place, but now every year a few men and women are found ready for baptism. This year one of her relatives had the joy of seeing her husband and sons baptized. In the heat of May a mother and her daughter walked several miles to be baptized, but were put off because the son-in-law had not been able to obtain leave to come with them. In November India— Unorganised Christian Work. he came with them, but was thought unfit for baptism, and the mother said, ‘I will now be baptized without him, for I have already waited three years.’ ” Misses Anderson and Cleland of Sargodha District report: — “It was our privilege to spend about five months among the village women. During that time we made 33 encampments and practically covered the part of our district where there are Christians. We met with and instructed 1,429 women and 715 children. Sometimes we found the women had remembered the lesson of the previous year, at other times we were cheered by finding they had learned new lessons from their Indian teachers. There is greater advancement shown by those who have a pastor of their own than by those who have a Mission paid teacher; there is a still greater contrast between the latter and those who get only the yearly lesson when the camp comes. Among the encouragements we might name a deeper hunger for spiritual food, a louder clamor for teachers, fewer charms on the necks of the children, reclaiming of some who were led away by false teachers, and more reverence in religious services. Our chief discouragements are, inability to supply the people with teachers, the sowing of tares by false teachers, the lack of Sab­ bath observance, and the falling off of our contributions during the year.” Misses Moore and M. E. Beatty of Sialkot District report: — “Practically every Chuhra in this district is now an inquirer, yet the work among this class is far from complete. There are still many things that they must be taught to observe. Among the Christians there is an increased desire for better things, fuller realization of the depths of the pit whence they have been digged, and larger appreciation of the Saviour’s mighty power. They are discovering their ability and finding joy in learning God’s Word. This surely presages improvement. It is an especially hopeful indication that the workers are awakening to the importance of teaching the women, many of whom are learning the Bible stories. A number of women who would not have anything to do with us last year, because they had become Roman Catholics, were very friendly this year and ready to join in our worship. This is encouraging and we feel sure they will return when they realize that they have been deceived. However, there is a dark side to the picture. In many hearts superstition still has much power. There are some, too, whose one desire is for worldly gain, and teachers are insufficient either to shepherd properly the bap­ tized or to train the inquirers. Nothing less than the power of God can suffice, so our prayer is that he who has begun the work may complete it for the glory of his own name.” Misses L. B. Hamilton and Whitely of Zafarwal District report:— “Of the 130 villages in this district, in which there are Christians, there are only 3^ of which it is recorded that the wo­ men have learned during the past year— learned either the pre­ India— Unorganised Christian Work. scribed course to a greater or less extent or been prepared for baptism. This excludes some who have been on the honor roll before, as in one circle there has been a transfer of workers and but one village showed progress, while in another the teacher had been ill for some months. The above condition is partly due to their own carelessness and partly to the fact that the teachers have not done faithful work. A widow and her daughter were left when her two sons were baptized, be­ cause it was thought she was not sufficiently prepared. But before leaving the village it was found she had a fair knowledge of what was required, so we told her to come to a neighboring village when we should visit it. Three weeks later she and her daughter came to the appointed place and though they had to wait from early afternoon till nearly dark they went away happy, having been received into the Church of Christ.”

CHRISTIAN MELAS Four districts report Christian melas held. In Gurdaspur 100 people assembled, which were fewer than had been antici­ pated. The Rev. W. T. Anderson brought a message to the people. The mela in Sangla Hill was held in April. At the morning sessions addresses were given by a recent graduate of the Theological Seminary. A conference on Christian marriage resulted in promises being made by the Christians to observe greater propriety in these matters. A special meeting was held for the women, and in addition they attended all the other ser­ vices. Their interest was very marked and encouraging. There were as many as 600 persons at some of the meetings, and progress was noted in the spirit of unity that prevailed, partici­ pation in public prayer, eagerness to learn, and the desire to be­ come doers of the Word. I n Pathaukot an interesting mela was held at the beginning of the summer Bible school. Sports, singing, prize giving, and an address, formed the enjoyable pro­ gram. A two days’ mela was held in Sialkot District, at Bawa Lakhan, in July. Although the weather was unfavorable, yet 250 persons assembled. The fellowship and addresses were help­ ful to all.

BIBLE SCHOOLS The Gujranwala Bible school was held in July, as the use of the Seminary buildings had been offered for this purpose. This arrangement was very much appreciated by all, especially by the workers’ wives. The Revs. H. C. Chambers and Ganda Mall assisted in the daily evangelistic meetings, while the Revs. W. B. Anderson and Jiwan Mall had charge of the classes for Bible study and “Methods of Work.” Misses McCullough and Gordon and Mrs. Barkat Masih taught the women. The Epistle to the Colossians was studied. Three addresses on “Sabbath School 170 India— Unorganized Christian Work.

Methods for the Villages” were followed by a “Model Sabbath School,” conducted by Professor Labhu Mall, of the Theologica\ Seminary. The interest of the children was heightened by the gymnastic drill. The Psalms and verses learned in the class are invariably quoted to the missionaries as they see these children in their homes. Not all the pastors and elders were able to attend the Gurdaspur Bible school, but those who attended were helped. The Rev. W. T. Williams, who has assisted for two years, gave very helpful talks this year also on the Book of Acts, with the purpose of promoting the missionary spirit. The attention throughout the ten days was very good and the results of the examination taken at the close were also good. Besides the regular Bible school for teachers and workers, there was another held in Sangla Hill for those who, in unorgan­ ized centers, have been chosen to perform some of the duties of elders. In both schools the instruction given was helpful, and the prospective elders consider that they now have some knowl­ edge of the duties that devolve upon them and of the source of their help in discharging these duties. The Bible school for Sialkot District was held in Bawa Lakhan, the home of the missionary. The First Epistle to the Corinthians was taught in the morning Bible classes and in the afternoon talks were given on practical Christianity. Assistance was rendered by Dr. Martin, Mr. Chambers, Mr. Nicoll, Miss Cowden, and others. The rousing song services added to the enjoyment, and by the close of the meetings missionaries and peo­ ple had been drawn closer to each other and closer to the Lord. The Jhelum Bible school was held about the first of July, and lasted ten days. Almost the whole of the small Christian community of Jhelum City and District was present and shared in its privileges and blessings. Much interest was manifested in all its sessions— the morning Bible classes, afternoon addresses, and informal vesper services. The two Epistles of Peter were espe­ cially studied. Because of lack of funds, no Bible school was held in Lyall- pur. Bible classes are conducted with the workers once a month. There was a Bible school held in Pasrur for two weeks in April. The morning class studied the Book of Acts, while the afternoon subjects were from Job and Corinthians. Assistance was furnished by the Rev. William Scott, of the Church of Scot­ land, the Rev. H. C. Chambers, and Miss McCahon. Miss E. J. Martin spoke to the village school teachers on methods of instruc­ tion. The school closed with a communion service. At the Pathankot school the Rev. W. T. Anderson gave daily addresses and Professor Labhu Mall taught the Bible lessons to the village men present. His class work was greatly enjoyed and his personal contact with the men was a stimulus to all. Miss C. E. Wilson taught the women and children. The last India'— Unorganised Christian Work. 171 evening was an experience meeting, in which several Christians told the stories of their lives. These were most hopeful in prompt­ ing resolutions in the hearts of others. The Indian Christian is but a child in spiritual things, and learns more readily from the object lesson of another’s life than from formal preaching and exhortation. The regular session of the Rawalpindi summer Bible school was held during the latter part of July. The morning hours were given to a study of parts of Leviticus and Hebrews, especially of the types and anti-types. These classes were very well attended and thorough work was done in all of them. The evening ad­ dresses were delivered in the church, the Revs. H. C. Chambers and Ganda Mall being the speakers. The teaching set forth in these addresses was plain and helpful, and many expressed them­ selves as being very much strengthened in their faith. An in­ formal prayer-meeting was also held every evening out in the open on the College campus. This meeting was better attended than ever before and the Spirit was here able to do some of His most effective work in dealing personally with a number of in­ dividuals who were brought under deep conviction. Praise and prayer were especially prominent parts of these night-meetings. The district workers and school-teachers with their families were present at the Bible school held in Sargodha for ten days in April. The morning Bible study period was devoted to the study of 1st and 2nd Timothy, the men’s class being taught for five days by the Rev. T. L. Scott, D.D., and then by Professor Labhu Mall, both of our Theological Seminary. The women were divided into two classes, those able to read being taught by Miss Ander­ son and those who could not by Miss Cleland. Mrs. Ayers had charge of the children’s class, which was made up for the most part of the girls from our small boarding school in Sargodha. The afternoon addresses were given by the Revs. W. B. Ander­ son and Labhu Mall. The addresses of the former on the “Priest­ hood of Christ” were especially helpful and emphasized the fact of our responsibility as intercessors at the throne. The evenings were devoted to prayers and many lives were helped. The Zafarwal Bible school was held June 4th to 10th this year. Because of lack of funds the school could not be held as formerly, so only the men were called to Zafarwal for a week’s meetings. The Epistle to the Ephesians was the subject of the morning Bible studies, while the evening hour was given to ser­ mons and lectures which had to do with their everyday work in the villages. Following the evening hour a prayer-meeting was held in which the Spirit of God was manifestly present. Many received blessings which have been “abiding.” 172 India— Evangelistic Work.

EVANGELISTIC WORK.

WORK AMONG NON-CHRISTIAN MEN IN VILLAGES In most of our districts we have large numbers of Christians, and in those fields the missionaries find it impossible to give more than superficial attention to the great needs of the non- Christians. It seems a trite saying, that “The children must first he fed,” and yet our Lord’s own interpretation of the w;ords would seem to justify our frequently, and perhaps, always, lending an attentive ear to the pleas for consideration and evangelization which come from those outside the Church for, who knoweth “which shall prosper, whether this or that, or whether they both shall be alike good?” Even when one’s time and strength are wholly applied to the task, only a limited amount of work can be accomplished, and it is hard indeed to leave the Christians in such a weak condition of faith, even to turn to those that have not heard. This explains why comparatively little can be said under this important heading. One way the non-Christians are reached and influenced, is brought out in the report from Gujranwala, by the Rev. W. D. Mercer. Hindus and Mohammedans are watching the effect of the Gospel on the converts, and when these become strong and beautiful in their lives, they will have a powerful influence on the non-Christians. At a communion service recently, the latter remarked about the good order and quietness of the Christians. When some of these made a public confession of theft, the others were interested to learn that Christians are pun­ ished for wrong-doing. Thus, though indirectly, a decided in­ fluence is being exercised. In Gurdaspur the Rev. A. M. Laing reports a number of interviews that w;ere held with non-Christians, who in some cases were inquirers, and in others merely opposers of the truth. Of these latter, a notable example was a visit from some adher­ ents of the Mirza of Qadian, a village near Gurdaspur. They are called Mirzais and are among the most zealous and obdurate of our opponents. They came to see the missionary with a view to getting statements of belief which they could combat in their meetings then in progress in Gurdaspur, and at which delegates from all parts of the Punjab were present. They asked a great number of questions about the original manuscripts of the Bible, and while extolling Christ’s human virtues, yet declared INSTEAD OF DEPARTMENT STORES. The Bazar in the city o f Rawal Pindi, India. The Bazars give good opportunities for pleaching. India— Evangelistic Work. m that belief in his atonement is a false hope. They had no sub­ stitute to offer for the atonement, but showed that they were depending especially on Mohammed and their own works. Jhelum is one of two districts in which there are few Chris­ tians. The immense population of more than half a million is almost wholly Mohammedan. There has been much sowing of the Word, but as yet little reaping. The Rev. Harris J. Stewajt writes of the work there as follows:— “Three native evangelists have usually accompanied our camp. On visiting a village, a small group of men can usually be gathered in a courtyard, beside a well, in front of a mosque, or in some other place where the people gather, and the conversation is easily turned to the sub­ ject of religion. As interest increases the audience may grow to one hundred. The need of salvation, and Christ the only Savior, are the themes we attempt by various arguments to bring home to their minds and hearts. The objections we have to answer are the usual ones, that the Gospel has been abrogated; that Christians have tampered with and changed the original New Testament; or that.Mohammed will act as Savior and intercessor for his people; hence there is no need of Christ. Portions of Scripture are sold and suitable tracts distributed free. The annual Katas mela at which both Hindus and Mohammedans are present in great numbers, furnished a special evangelistic oppor­ tunity to the Jhelum missionaries, who were assisted by several from other stations. Much preaching was done and a large amount of literature, chiefly Scriptures, was disposed of.” From Khangah Dogran the Rev. H. C. Chambers writes of two interesting cases of non-Christians met with through the year. One was a Brahman clerk who said he was quite dissatis­ fied with his own religion. He had visited many holy places, but had found them places of merchandise and robbery. He had acquired the drink habit, which he knew to be wrong, and asked us to pray that he might be able to overcome it. We gave him a complete copy of the Gospel. The other man was a Mohammedan lawyer who had been to England and America. He said that before going to America, he had thought we missionaries repre­ sented the overflow of the abundance of America’s religion, but having seen the great indifference to religion there he had been compelled to change his mind. Such a criticism is hard to meet. If we could read the hearts of Mohammedans and Hindus, we should doubtless in thousands discover the conviction of the inadequacy of their own religions to free men from the bondage of sin. The Rev. J. H. Martin, D.D., of Lyallpur, reports that there are more than the usual number of inquirers among the Hindus and Mohammedans. Very little opposition is met and the people are generally very friendly, but in this prosperous, industrial and commercial region, they seem to be more interested in politics 174 India— Evangelistic Work. than religion. Every village community takes a paper, and politics is thoroughly discussed. There is a need of about $200 to provide seats for the reading room, and so permit the holding of evangelistic meetings. From Pathankot District the Rev. John H. Stewart reports that the non-Christians are becoming more and more convinced of the truth of the claims of Christ. While the Mohammedans are in the minority, they are the most friendly, and will now more readily than formerly listen to the Gospel. The Doms, a numer­ ous community of low-caste people, while not yet accepting Christ, have been greatly disappointed by their experience with the Aryas, to whom they aspired to join themselves, but finding that they were not allowed to mingle with high caste Hindus, many of them have gone back to their old religion. At a place where we were recently camped, these men received a warning from their Arya leaders to have nothing to do with the mission­ aries, but this resulted rather in increasing their interest in us and in Christ. A call came to the Pathankot missionaries from a Hindu in a large and remote center in the Himalayan foot-hills, urging them to come or send some one to preach there. Kathua, our nearest center, is 20 miles from Basoli whence this message has come. It reads as follows: “Dear Sir,— You often send Christian preachers to Kathua to teach the people, but no one has ever been sent here. Therefore I request you to send someone, as there is a great need for a Christian preacher. I myself will come and help him, and he should come and stay at least a fortnight, bringing tracts to distribute. There is a great need for a preacher to come. Signed, A True Seeker.” This Macedonian call must be answered. It is only one call from the many hungry souls, that are longing to hear the Gospel. Rawalpindi is our largest and most important non-Christian district, which, with Jhelum, we distinguish from those districts in which we have large communities of Christians. The Rev. W. T. Anderson writes very encouragingly of the work there. The dis­ trict is topographically a very difficult one to traverse, but a variety of methods is employed, including- camels, ox-carts, buggies, and the railway, by means of which the missionaries are able to see a good part of the district. There are many centers, however, which are as yet unvisited, because of the lack of roads. The territory between the Indus river and the Jhelum border has been visited as in previous years. From the grand trunk road, a side trip was made, into a part of the district never before visited. Good hearings were given us, and in some cases the meetings were even enthusiastic. At one place we made the acquaintance of a Sikh leader, who is a descendant of Baba Guru Nanak, the founder of the Sikhs’ religion. We succeeded in dissuading him from sending his sons to the Government College, Lahore, and induced him to choose rather the Gordon Mission College, Rawal­ pindi. He has since employed one of our American professors India— Evangelistic Work. 175 as a tutor for his boys. He told his Sikh friends that he had preferred the Mission college, because of the missionaries’ love for him. He has further offered to discontinue the custom of having nautch girls at the weddings of his family, and invited the missionary to attend their religious gatherings in the future. Mr. Anderson says that never have the non-Christians been more hungry, or more eager to hear. There has been opposition at times but not frequently, and generally only where there is dense ignorance. There were but two baptisms from the higher caste people in Rawalpindi during the year. One was a Sadhu, or religious ascetic, from the Hindus, and the other was a servant in an English family. The former has already become an en­ thusiastic witness for his faith. Two young men, who desired baptism, were kept waiting for more mature faith. They are both now reading in the high school. Mr. Anderson mentions the need for a solution of the question, as to what to do with converts from the upper castes. He says that for an ordinary man to become a Christian and live in his village, seems often impossible. To take and support those who offer to become Christians, is no doubt unwise. As an illustration of the dis­ position of many Mohammedan inquirers, he tells of a young man who had written to a friend asking for a Bible, and deplor­ ing the fact that no missionary had ever come to his village. When this year by special effort his village was reached by the missionary, he was found to be an educated person, who has lost his faith in Mohammed and is strongly inclined toward Chris­ tianity. He came to the camp before the missionary could reach his house, and has expressed a strong desire to continue our friendship. In Sangla Hill District, the Rev. A. B. Caldwell reports that there have been only fifty adult baptisms this year, and these have been practically wholly from the people of the low caste. The other castes are more friendly than ever before. Some have shown a strong dissatisfaction with their own religions, and a definite hungering for something better. The great need is felt for effi­ cient teachers, who are able to create an interest in God’s Word, who are burdened for the church, and who are able both by example and precept to become leaders. The Rev. R. E. Ayers writes that more than half of Sar- godha District yet remains unreached by either missionary or worker. There are many opportunities for preaching to Moham­ medans and Hindus, as the missionaries go among the Christians. They form a part of every evidence and also visit us at our tents. There are many secret readers of the Word. One boy, whose father is the head man of a village, was brought to me by a worker. He was very decided in his determination to be­ come a Christian. From a Christian man who had come to work at harvest time in the village, the boy had learned about Christ. After reading in the first chapter of John, about the Spirit’s testi­ 176 India— Evangelistic Work. mony concerning Christ at the time-of baptism, the boy was con­ vinced that the Bible is the true Word of God. Soon after this he left his home on account of persecution, and is now teaching in a Mission school. In the district of Sialkot, little systematic effort or special attention could be devoted to the non-Christians. The Rev. W. M. McKelvey writes that there is never a service held for the Christians when some non-Christians are not present to hear the Word. Sometimes the missionary has been rebuked by the non- Christian people for so frequently passing them by, on his way to see the Christians. On one occasion a non-Christian said, “Had you first converted us of the upper castes, think how much we could have done to help you, whereas these low caste people are too poor to be of any assistance.” Thus is God moving the Hindus and Mohammedans to jealousy “by a people which are no people.” Two weeks were spent by the Zafarwal missionaries in working exclusively among the non-Christians in that district, be­ sides the frequent opportunities embraced while going among the Christians. The Rev. S. C. Picken writes that the hearings have been very friendly, and the Gospel is listened to with great will­ ingness and open-mindedness. Many earnest seekers have been found, and the day seems near when many from among these classes will come out on the side of Christ. A Mohammedan teacher gave the missionary a copy of the Koran, in exchange for a copy of the New Testament, and seemed pleased to get a book he could read in his own language.

OTHER EVANGELISTIC AGENCIES Pathankot Reading Room continues to have a monthly atten­ dance of about 200. Eight periodicals are furnished in English and Urdu, one of which is provided by a prominent Sikh. The library is supplied with religious books and a few men are constant readers. The reading room furnishes a good place for bazar preaching. Book work has been carried on steadily among all classes. Forty-eight full Bibles, 254 New Testaments, 200 Gospels and Acts in Hindi, 1,141 other portions— a total of 1,643— were sold during the year. In addition 1,347 other religious books, including at least 500 selections from the Psalms in Punjabi meter, were sold, making a total book sale of 3,000 copies. Of these about 1,600 are to be credited to Khera Mall, the licentiate in charge of the reading room. There are a number of men of high caste who have secured copies of the Scriptures and are diligently study­ ing them notwithstanding determined persecution. A light can­ not be hid. Many secret believers who never come near the missionary or workers for fear of being termed inquirers, are being called Christians by their own people. Their change of India— Evangelistic Work. 177 heart has told the story even though they are not ready to come out and be baptized. Even the lower classes are reached through book work. A group of laborers was seen sitting on the road­ side. On nearer approach, it was observed that they were listen­ ing attentively to one of their number who was reading aloud from a Gurmukhi Gospel. The mela at Shahpur was again attended by the Rev. John H. Stewart and the evangelists of Pathankot District. Mr. Stewart reports that fewer books were sold than the year before, many of the people in attendance who could read having already purchased books on previous occasions. More time was spent in preaching, however, and large audiences seemed anxious to hear the message. Concerning the Sultanpur mela the Rev. John H. Stewart reports:— “This mela is said to be in honor of a Mohammedan fakir, but Hindus claim it as well, and all the lower castes, also, attend. Women come carrying small flags in their hands. The fakir’s grave, a small pile of earth in the middle of a wheat field, becomes for two days the center of interest for 30,000 people. Flags are planted at this place by people who bring them from a distance, and the worshippers present their offerings and embrace the flagstaff with their hands. The majority do not come to worship, but to trade and to see the fun. We went out early in the morning, spent the day distributing tracts, selling books, and in personal work, then set up the magic lantern for the night work and announced that the pictures would be shown after dark. People came in crowds, even the district officials (Indian) in charge of the mela, being present. There, in the middle of that field, for five hours at least 2,000 people saw Christ lifted up and heard the wonderful story of His life. We stopped, not because of lack of audience, but because our throats completely gave out. Inasmuch as in this mela people stay over night and sleep in the open, it affords a splendid opportunity for proclaiming Christ with the aid of the lantern.” Mr. W. E. Nicoll reports:— “Evangelistic work among non- Christians in Rawalpindi City and Cantonment is carried on principally by direct personal dealings with inquirers, bazar preaching, Sabbath schools, and book selling. The first, while not as prominently noticed as some other forms of work, is un­ doubtedly a real leavening influence. The voluntary work of the people in the neighborhoods where they reside does much to awaken a spirit of inquiry among the unsaved. Inquirers have been numerous during the year; some have come from ulterior motives; others were unable to endure the persecution involved and becoming faint-hearted turned back. How true it is that it is ‘men of violence’ who take the Kingdom of God. “ Sickness and the absence of both missionary and workers from the station have interfered considerably with regular bazar preaching, but when carried on it is usually with good hearings, India— Evangelistic Work. though there are still many who oppose themselves to the truth. Books are always presented for sale at each bazar service and a goodly number are sold. Tracts are also distributed. “As last year, on Christmas morning the Christian men distributed, from house to house all over the city, special tracts setting forth the real message of Christ to the world. “The work among the Chuhras at the brick kilns near the city has been encouraging, and a dozen or more have been bap­ tized during the year. Others are still receiving instruction preparatory to baptism. “Illness in the family of the senior colporteur has caused a falling off in the number of books sold during the year, especially books other than Scriptures. Of Bibles, Testaments, and por­ tions, however, more than 1,000 copies were sold. A new edition of the Gospels beautifully printed by one of the electro-photo processes, and issued by the British and Foreign Bible Society, promises to become very popular. In this work it is encouraging to find the people at times eager to buy, and not infrequently urging others standing about to purchase, read, investigate, and accept what appeals to them as being the truth.” The selling and distribution of copies of the Scriptures and tracts is an important auxiliary of evangelistic effort in regions where there is as yet practically no acquaintance with the Bible and Christian truth. Of this phase of the work in Razvalpindi District the Rev. W. T. Anderson writes as follows:— “We can­ not hope to reach all the villages of this district in person. Hence we are glad when we can send a staunch preacher in the shape of a New Testament. Not so many Scripture portions were sold this year but many more full New Testaments. In fact I believe I have sold as many New Testaments this year as in all the other years of my mission life put together. The portions have done much to create the demand for the full Testament.”

WORK AMONG NON-CHRISTIAN WOMEN IN ZENANAS The changes that have been taking place in India during the past few years are nowhere more clearly shown than in the attitude toward women. As education is becoming more general and there is more contact with Western ideas and Western civil­ ization, the women are being granted a freedom and a place that a few years ago were considered impossible. There are still many, many “shut-ins,” however, very many to whom the visit of the Bible-woman is welcome because it brings a breath from the outside world. A change seems to be coming over even those who keep their wives shut in, bringing with it a new tolerance for Christian teaching and a new willingness for the women to receive both intellectual and religious instruction. It is still very difficult, however, for any of the higher castes to become Christians. It is considered a great disgrace to a family for a In dia— Evangelistic Work. 179 member of it to leave the old belief, and there are but few who would not rather have a member of their family die than become a Christian. All these things make it difficult for women to confess Christ, and make it difficult for us to see or tabulate the results of this work, but we believe there are very many of those who hear the Bible taught in their homes who secretly believe, and we pray that the day may soon come when they will confess Him openly. One great need is that of workers. The lack of funds is one cause of this scarcity. Another is the difficulty of securing women of suitable age to take up this work. No woman, unless she be well on in years, can go alone into the homes of India. With their home duties and other hindrances those who can be secured for this work are comparatively few. The lack of training and the incompetency of many has been another hindrance. “Toward remedying this latter defect, we began this year a training class of zenana workers. Miss McCahon, chairman of the committee in charge of this, reports as follows:— “A new departure in zenana work in our Mission this year is the begin­ ning of a training class for Bible women. All the workers in this department were asked to meet in Sargodha ten days in May. There were numerous difficulties to be overcome, but the Lord provided help. “Two houses were rented in the city for those whom the lady missionaries’ house could not accommodate. The expenses were provided from a bequest of $126.50 left by the late Mrs. Sarah Dougherty, of Washington, Pa., and forwarded by one of ■her daughters as a special contribution. Sufficient funds remain to finance another session. Thus she is still helping on the work in India. The time of the class was spent in Bible study, visiting in the zenanas of the city, hearing lectures or addresses on different religious sects with whom we have to deal, and other practical subjects. All who attended seemed to consider that we had made a very successful beginning and we hope to make it a permanent feature of our work, enlarging and develop­ ing it as occasion and means permit.” Of the work in Gujranwala City Miss McCullough reports: — “The number of zenanas regularly visited is 150, the number occasionally taught 350, and the number of visits made 2,000. Knitting, plain needle work, and cutting out children’s garments have been used as means to get opportunities to teach the Bible. Some of those who were opposed to listening to the Bible lesson when we commenced to visit them have grown to like that part of the visit, and listen so eagerly that we are comforted for the many who listen indifferently. The wife of our Hindu Deputy Commissioner, the woman of highest social standing in the sta­ tion, is taking lessons from us and is learning to sing some of the Psalms. She says she wants to be able to sing them for com­ fort when alone, A woman, the daughter of a Mohammedan i8o India— Evangelistic Work. religious teacher, was taught in childhood to regard Christianity as evil. Some years ago, she with her husband moved to Lyall- pur, but so embittered had she become, that for a time she would not admit the Bible woman into her home. When at last she did so she listened unwillingly, but later gladly, to Christ’s words. She finally told her husband and brother of her faith in Christ and received a beating, the marks of which she still bears. She says she prayed daily that the Lord would soften her husband’s heart and her prayer is being answered. Since coming to Gujran- wala he has frequently attended church. When they came he asked that his daughter might be admitted to the Mission school, that she be taught the Bible, Catechism and sacred songs, and also requested us to visit his wife. We have great pleasure in these visits, for the woman always gets much comfort out of the Bible lesson. She is praying that the whole family may be bap­ tized together, and she believes her prayers will be answered soon.” Miss Dickson reports:— “The zenana work has suffered this year in Gurdaspur, as sickness and family troubles have in­ terfered with the work of the Bible woman. I, myself, spent one or two days each week during the summer in work among the women of Gurdaspur City, but found none who could be termed inquirers. One of them asked for and received a copy of the Pentateuch. One house was closed to me as the woman’s husband was angry with her because she let me teach in her house. I discontinued my visits to three other houses which have been often visited, because the Gospel message was re­ ceived with such indifference. The two little daughters of a man- who has always been very bitter have been taking lessons in Eng­ lish. Their mother listens very well and the youngest girl says she is going to be a Christian.” O f the work in Jhelum Miss Logan reports:— “We had a Bible woman for only six months of the year and in the early spring our work was very much hindered by plague, but 644 visits have been made and regular instruction given in a number of homes. Some middle-aged Hindu widows are learning to read. Viro, the Bible woman, is herself a widow, a convert from Hinduism, and she seems particularly gifted in sympathizing with and in winning the love and confidence of widows. We usually teach the Bible by stories and they learn them quickly and seem to enjoy them. Some of the women learn Psalms, too, and join with us when we sing them. We have entered a number of new houses and have been well received; but we have also found opposition and one day it was of rather an unusual kind. I was sitting in a quiet street with a group of women who were listen­ ing well. A Hindu woman came up and warned the others against my teaching. She said, ‘In their own land they burn buildings, destroy property and are lawless’ After a little ques- India— Evangelistic Work. 181 tioning I learned that she had heard of the doings of the suffra­ gettes ! During the summer I sold 81 Scripture portions to women in the zenanas!” Miss Jane E. Martin sends the following report from the Bible woman of Khangah Dogran:— “At first the women would not hear and made sport of our message, but now by the grace of God they hear so gladly that if I am late in going they send for me. As 1 go along the street the women call to me from all sides to go into their houses. There were a number of women, such as the wife of the county judge, the doctor’s daughter, and the postmaster’s wife, who learned to read and daily read the Gospel. They have left Khangah Dogran but these three are dear friends and keep up a correspondence with me. Others hear gladly and some of them have committed some Psalms which they love to sing. Others are learning to read and a few learn Bible stories. They love the Bible but do not accept Christ as the Son of God.” Miss McConnell reports:— “A new Bible woman came in May to do zenana work in Lyallpur. She has made weekly visits to 34 Mohammedan and 10 Hindu homes and occasional visits to many others. She devotes the forenoons to teaching the Bible truths to women in their own homes, and in the afternoons women and girls come to her home to learn to read or to do fancy work. The afternoon is not allowed to pass without a Bible lesson. There have been 15 regular attendants at these afternoon classes and there would have been more had the Bible woman not had to change her place of residence several times. In one house which she had rented she was permitted to stay only twenty-four hours, as the Hindus objected to beef-eating Christians living in their neighborhood. A bright Mohammedan girl of 14 who had been reading with us was one day in great distress. She said she had been married and had gone to her husband’s home in another city a year ago. Her mother had sent for her to come home on a visit, then she had been sold to another man for Rs. 150. H er parents had been summoned to court for this offence and she did not know what the outcome might be. A Mohammedan woman, who has been attending our church services regularly for two months, is asking to be bap­ tized. She seems sincere, but as she comes from a distant city we are delaying her baptism until we learn more of her and her family connections. In the last two months four Mohammedan women in Lyallpur have sought baptism, that through this out­ ward change of religion they might obtain divorce from their husbands. Only a knowledge of God’s will can enable us to deal with the inquirers, both true and untrue, who come to us. Pray that all of us who do zenana work may have God’s promised wis­ dom and grace and love.” 182 India— Evangelistic Work.

Misses Lawrence and Kyle report from Pasrur:— “ The work in the zenanas goes on as usual. Mrs. Jones visits in a large number of houses. Some women are willing to r.eceive a Bible lesson or to listen to singing only in order that they may be taught to read or to crochet, but there are some who hear the Word gladly. There was unusual interest during the time the cholera was carrying away people by hundreds in Sialkot and the women were alarmed lest they take the disease. But Pasrur was spared this year and no doubt the same apathy will prevail.” From Rawalpindi Miss J. L. White writes:— “We still have the same helpers as last year. One reports 37 houses on her visit­ ing list with six women who read the New Testament and 11 who read Bible stories. The other has 32 houses with three Hindu and six Mohammedan women reading. There are very many other houses in which visits can be made only occasionally on account of the lack of workers. Many women are willing to be taught and would become Christians could they be in different surroundings. During the year several women have asked me to help them out of circumstances in which it was impossible to become a Christian so that they might confess Christ. I have found that inviting the women to my home in a social way is a great help in this work. It shows that we want to be friendly and gives them an insight into Christian home life.” During the summer Misses Mary A. Lawrence and Anna M. Hamilton spent several weeks in zenana work in Murree Hill Station of Rawalpindi District. They report as follows concern­ ing this work:— “Many of the shopkeepers, clerks, and others from Rawalpindi go to Murree for the summer, taking their families with them. Quite a number of the women can read and so we soon had, on our visiting list, a number who read regu­ larly in the Bible. In one house a young girl of about sixteen was very much interested and read a chapter in English and in her own Gurmukhi each day. Another girl, who had been a pupil in our girls’ school in Rawalpindi, but is now married and kept in very strict seclusion in her home, was very glad to be visited and enjoyed the Bible lessons. In another house several girls gathered to learn and always wanted their lessons to end with the singing of a Psalm and with prayer.” Miss Hill reports from Sangla H ill:— “During the summer, aside from village work, one day each week was spent among the women of the city. More women and girls took reading les­ sons than during any previous summer, one reading eleven chap­ ters of Luke. Many received regular Bible lessons. They learn­ ed to sing several Psalms and it became a part of each visit to sing those Psalms. I have never before .found the Mohamme­ dans so willing to sing with us. We were given a special oppor­ tunity to get acquainted with the townspeople on the occasion of the celebration of Children’s Day. This is the first time Chil­ dren’s Day has ever been celebrated in India, and it was in ìndia— Evangelistic Work. 183 thanksgiving for the recovery of the Viceroy, Lord Hardinge, from injuries received from the bomb thrown at him during the entry into the new capital at Delhi. We arranged for all the girls’ schools to meet together and had songs by each school in turn. We treated them to fruit in addition to the treat of candy given by the town. Some of the mothers were present and we were enabled to form new ties of friendship with them and with the teachers and their pupils. One of the great encour­ agements has been the way the women have remembered what we have taught. One woman we had not seen for three years asked for Ps. 103. Nearly every day spent in the city we were able to sell a book.” Misses Anderson and Cleland report:— “Our zenana work­ ers in Sargodha City made 642 visits during the year. Fifteen Mohammedan and two Hindu women took reading lessons. Eleven of these were far enough advanced to read the Bible for themselves. One woman who was learning to read, but has since moved away, was very fond of the Bible lesson and used to ask that instead of a weekly lesson in the Bible she might have a daily one. The husband of another forbade his wife to read the Bible for herself. He said to Miss Stowell, ‘You may read and explain to her from your Book, but she is not to read it; the power lies in that.3 The two daughters of a religious teacher were learning to read. One of them was especially fond of the Bible and always asked for the Bible lesson. The parents feared that the girls might be persuaded to become Christians and the mother said, ‘We are afraid you will take them away.’ Miss Stowell replied that causing anyone to believe on Christ is not the work of man but God through the Holy Spirit. The wom­ an replied, ‘Yes, and who can prevent His working?’ and they closed their home to the visits of the Bible women.” Of the work in Bhalwal City in Sargodha District Mrs. Shahbaz reports:— “My work has increased during the year. Through the little dispensary I have been able to reach many non-Christians some of whom came long distances and they had never heard about Christ. Let me tell you a little story. A Mohammedan woman of high family came to the dispensary. She saw on the wall a card with the text, ‘Jesus said unto them, I am the bread of life: he that cometh to me shall not hunger and he that believeth on me shall never thirst,’ and exclaimed, ‘Oh! you are just deceiving us by means of medicine and are spreading news about Jesus Christ.’ She went away very angry. Two months later she came back to me bringing her sick child for treatment. Eventually this woman became so changed that she was a means in God’s hands of doing a great service to the Chris­ tian community. There had been much opposition on the part of the non-Christian officials to our securing a plot of ground for a cemetery. The woman had so often mentioned the kind treat­ ment she had received from the Christians, that as a result her India— Evangelistic Work. husband called and asked what he could do. My husband told him he would be glad of his help in securing a plot of ground for a cemetery. Through this man’s effort and influence we soon secured the land. During the year I met with 4,401 women, and the little dispensary has become almost self-supporting. Every­ where the cry from the women is, help us. We need to pray for more laborers.” Of the work in Sialkot City Miss McCahon reports:— “There were several interruptions during the past year, notably two. The husband of Mary Anna, the Bible woman, fell ill in February and died in March; she herself was ill for a time and has not yet fully recovered her strength. The outbreak of cholera interrupted in August and September, but so far as I know not one of our zenana pupils died of it, though some were attacked, and one lost a child. The people seem as hard and indifferent as they were before this scourge visited them. Forty Mohamme­ dan women and girls who can read or who are learning to read have been under instruction, and at least 130 who cannot .read have been visited. Amongst the Hindus, eight who can read and 52 who cannot, have received visits. The Mohammedans seem more accessible than the Hindus, and also seem to have a some­ what truer conception of the nature of God and sin. To the Hindu, sin does not consist in breaking God’s commandments but in breaking caste rules. Hinduism will gladly admit within her fold drunkards and immoral wretches, but a man who be­ comes a convert (to Christianity) is a renegade from the faith of his fathers, and he is forthwith excommunicated. To some ex­ tent this is true of the Mohammedans also, but their book teaches that there is but one God and He is spirit and free from sin, while the Hindu ideas of the deity are material and fear­ fully gross and immoral. However, we present the Gospel to all, knowing that it is ‘living and active .... and quick to discern the thoughts and intents of the heart,’ and that it is the ■power of God unto salvation to everyone that believeth.’ A man, in one of the Mohammedan homes I visit, has been having trouble with his eyes and fears he will lose his sight. During a recent visit his mother asked me what to do. After we had talk­ ed over his case she said to me, T want you to pray for him. God will listen to you.’ I read some verses from John’s Gospel and then asked her if I should pray. She said, ‘Yes.’ So I prayed, asking God to heal the diseased eyes if that were best, and to give spiritual vision to comprehend the true Light, and closed by asking in the name of ‘Thy Son Jesus Christ.’ The woman added her ‘Amen’ to mine, and when I was leaving urged me to remember to pray for them. I said to her, ‘God is as willing to hear you as He is me, if you will pray 'in the name of His Son.’ I.then heard the man give a low laugh as though he were amused, India— Evangelistic Work. 185 but the woman who is one of the most open-minded and intelli­ gent Mohammedans I visit, seemed very much in earnest.” Miss Whitely sends the following report:— “ Zafarwal, with its 3,000 people, its temples, and idols, and idol worship, still calls loudly for a Bible woman. The work has been so great and the funds so small that some department has always had to suffer, and consequently the zenana work has suffered in Zafarwal. Besides the work in the surrounding villages in the summer, Miss Hamilton spent one day each week in the city, finding the women most cordial and eager to hear the message. Recently a Mohammedan family came to the city from the bounds of the Scotch Mission. They have both English and Urdu Bibles in their home and the mother reads the latter very well. We be­ lieve they are Christians at heart, and hope they may soon have courage to openly confess. The Bible woman in Shakargarh has visited perhaps all of the 400 homes in that place during the year, going several times to many of them and having a few un­ der regular instruction. She says, ‘One Mohammedan and one Hindu woman receive the Word especially well.’ The Moham­ medan compares the Gospel with the Koran and says: ‘I find the Gospel more and more interesting; and more than this, we must believe it. It is not right to make objections to it. We must believe on Christ.’ The Hindu woman learns very eagerly about the Savior. She says, ‘We who are shut up in our homes could hardly learn these things except through you. There is but one Savior, and we, who worshipped idols, were in the wrong. Our own family now forbids their worship, they have doubtless learned from you Christians. It is evident that the Gospel is the Word of God, from which we receive this light.”

WORK AMONQ NON-CHRISTIAN WOMEN IN VILLAGES Most of the non-Christian homes in Gurdaspur District are open to the missionaries, Miss Dickson says, but although they gladly hear the Gospel message and are willing to assent to all that is said very few of them seriously think of Christ as the way of life. A few realize that there ought to be something bet­ ter than their own religion but say in a hopeless way, “Yes, that is for you but this other religion is the one to which we were born, and we would never get a blessing if we were to change our beliefs.” One day an old Mohammedan man stopped to listen when the Christians were being taught. When he saw that some of the women of his family were also curious to hear the message he became angry with them and pulling off his shoe he threatened to beat them if they did not leave immediately. The missionary told him that he was to us one of the proofs that Christ was God who knows all things, because when He was on earth He spoke of the people who would not enter the Kingdom and were not willing that others should do so. The Mohamme­ 186 India— Evangelistic Work. dan men standing near laughed at him so he went quietly away and many of the women and girls returned. Four months were spent itinerating in the difficult District o f Jhelum— difficult not only because of the nature of the work but also on account of the natural conditions, small mountain ranges, great tracts of sand, quicksands, and broken roads. The people are largely of the Mohammedan faith and the Misses Logan and Gordon meet with audiences which differ very widely in their attitude towards missionaries. In some villages they find the women very friendly and hospitable; in others very unhos- pitable and uncivil, not even permitting them to sit in their houses. Many times they hear the Mohammedan creed repeated as they are presenting the claims of Christ. The religious zeal and ardor of the people are shown by such statements as, “Mo­ hammed will get us to heaven. He is our only intercessor.” “You want us to believe in Christ. Never! You may cut our heads off, but we will never forsake Mohammed.” And yet there are encouragements and evidences of the working of the Spirit. The missionaries write:— “It is unusual for Mohammedan women to commit anything we teach, yet in several instances we have been greatly encouraged because some of the women re­ member the Bible story or verse which was taught last year. Two young women, in a village which had not been visited for three years, repeated part of the 51st Psalm and said that they had often sung it, thus helping each other to remember it. In one village the women were not only friendly but showed a real interest asking such questions as, ‘Which is the true religion?’ ‘What should we do?’ We have been very much encouraged by the number of Gospels which have been sold, some to women but more to boys and girls who are reading in *he schools. When we see the terrible hold the false prophet has upon these people we realize more and more that it is, 'Not by might, nor by power, but by My Spirit, saith Jehovah of Hosts.’ ” From Khangah Dogran Miss J. E. Martin writes:— “Our work among the non-Christian village women has been very en­ couraging this year. We have never seen a time when so many women came to us for the sole purpose of hearing the Gospel. Here and there we find some who confess to us that Christ is the Son of God, and can save the world, but as yet very few are bold enough to come out publicly to profess their faith. We believe the greatest influence in softening the hearts of the people of the upper castes is the daily life of the Christians. Where formerly the Christian people were looked upon with contempt and ridicule many of them are now treated with respect. As their number increases and their spiritual life develops- they will be a tremen­ dous power for the spread of the Gospel.” Miss McConnell of Lyallpur District writes:— “In itinerat­ ing among the villages of this district we meet all classes of non- India— Evangelistic Work. 137

Christian women, from the dull earth-soiled creature who says that women are only animals, to the fair sister with charming manners who seats us on a Persian rug and gracefully serves tea. Many have come to our tent seeking help for diseased bodies, few have sought aid for sin-sick souls. Women who are kept in seclusion occasionally slip away under cover of night and come to our tent. One of these spoke for many of her sisters when she said, ‘Our hearts tell us to accept this religion but our husbands would never allow it, so what can we do.’ A Sikh woman, mentioned in last year’s report, still loves to hear of Christ and longs for more light. Not long since a Hindu priest came to instruct her. When I called to see her she begged to be excused saying the priest had come from a distance and would leave the next day, so she must spend all her time learning the things of God from him. Yet she has said she knows Christ to be true and that He has answered her prayers. Old superstitions often hold in thrall even intelligent women though they profess they do not believe them. A bright, beautiful woman reads the Gospel, yet in a recent conversation, she referred to a trip to Sialkot where she bathed in a famous well. Women from far and near go to this well to bathe, with the hope that a child will be given them.” Miss Elizabeth Lawrence writes that the Christian women in Pasrwr District are beginning to take an interest in testifying for Christ to their non-Christian neighbors. In one village a Chris­ tian woman said, “The Mohammedan women say that Christ could not have risen from the dead, that no one can rise from the dead. What answer shall we give them?” While she was being instructed the Mohammedan women on the roof began to make objections. She said to them, “Keep still now. We are learning and will tell you all about it afterwards.” The women seemed quite satisfied to sit quietly and the lesson went on uninterrupted. Pray that more of our Indian sisters may experience the joy of winning souls. Miss R. T. Wilson writes:— “We have frequently been asked by the women of Pathankot District, ‘How can we get forgive­ ness of sin, and how can we be kept from sinning?’ We explain­ ed to them the way of salvation. We often read to them the story of Christ’s birth for that tells them plainly why He is called the Son of God, which the Mohammedans deny. One afternoon we were invited to visit a young Mohammedan woman and were told that she dearly loved controversy. When we reached the house she was repeating her prayers. We taught the women who gathered outside her door until she came out. We began to read some of Christ’s miracles when she interrupted saying, £I know He worked miracles but what heaven is He in now? Our book says He is only in the fourth heaven while Mohammed is in the seventh.’ As she was in no mood to learn or even listen we soon left. 188 India— Evangelistic Work.

“The chief men of the villages usually refuse us entrance to their homes but the poor hear us gladly. “On one occasion about 20 Hindu women gathered to hear the Gospel message. Among them were two Brahman women who could read. They invited us to visit them and bought some copies of the Gospels.” The size of Rawalpindi District makes it impossible for the missionaries to visit it all every year, so they plan to make one main circuit each year and in addition visit some new territory. Misses M. A. Lawrence and A. M. Hamilton report:— “We are much encouraged by the reception given us in the villages visited the previous year, and by the real desire some of the women have to hear the message again. The Mohammedan women are densely ignorant and the Hindu women are bound down to their idols of wood and stone, but among them are some earnest souls longing for something better and higher so we are encouraged to sow the living seed of God’s Word in all places, believing that it will bring forth fruit to His glory. A new line of women’s work was opened up this year when we joined in the selling of literature at the Katas mela. We were privileged to meet hun­ dreds of women from all parts of India and to sell many Gospel portions. During the year we have sold 640 Scripture portions. May these be followed not only by our prayers, but by the prayers of the whole Church. One evidence of progress noted this year was, that several Hindu widows had sewing machines and were making their living sewing for others, thus being largely inde­ pendent of those who blamed them for the deaths of their hus­ bands. “A Mohammedan read the Scriptures and becoming interest­ ed came with his wife to Rawalpindi to learn more. She was taught daily for a month and seemed to be getting an understand­ ing of the truth when a Mohammedan servant informed the relatives. They told the little wife they would cast her off if she became a Christian and she could not bear it, so these two, like many during the time when our Savior was on earth, ceased to follow.” Miss Hill tells of a widow in Sangla Hill District who takes special interest in a Christian family and has been teaching the little girl to read. They are her servants, but she does not re­ quire them to do the work of ordinary sweepers, nor does she in­ sist that they never touch her dishes. The missionaries have sold a goodly number of Scripture portions. An old Sikh teacher remarked, as he bought one, “Our guru* has never been heard of 200 miles away, but these people have carried the news of Christ from the ends of the earth.” In reviewing the year’s work whether the message was given in the villages, in the fields, or by the wayside, the conclusion is

* A religious teacher. India— Evangelistic Work. 189 that of a Hindu woman who said to the missionary, “Tell us something. We are hungry. Yes, hungry.” It is so true yet many know it not. They are hungry for the Bread of Life. Misses Anderson and Cleland, of Sargodha District, report: — “While one enjoys meeting the Christians in the villages yet the greatest joy of the missionary’s heart is to give the Good News to those who have not heard before, or to those who have remem­ bered the last visit and are ready to hear more about the Way. In every camp we meet some who are not Christians. During the year 1,052 women and 434 children received the Gospel message. “We were called to a Mohammedan home to see a sick woman. When the medicine had been administered the other women of the home said, ‘Now read to us. We are anxious to hear.’ Another woman said, as she sat down beside us, ‘Did Jesus Christ die?’ The Mohammedans teach that He did not die, but was taken up to heaven. Another woman asked, ‘Is Jesus Christ coming again?’ One Sabbath morning an old gray­ haired Mohammedan man came to our camp. Dr. Brown and Mr. Ayers had gone to Synod, and none of the Indian workers were with us. He requested an interview and when asked what he wanted, replied, ‘Show me the Way.’ He listened most earnestly to a straight Gospel message and was most hungry for spiritual food. Near the close of the year we visited a village where we had been told there were inquirers. We were most cordially received and soon had an audience of about 75. Most of them had never before heard about Christ, but wanted to be taught. We asked, ‘How many are you here who would like to learn?’ One man said, ‘Sixty families.’ Another said,‘Oh, there are about a hundred families of us.’ How we longed to bring our camp and teach these people! Truly this is a field white for the harvest. There are so many hungry ones every­ where that one longs for the time to come when the Indian Church will be able to care for her members and we shall be set free to give our whole time to the unconverted.” Miss Moore writes of Sialkot District:— “This has been a year of unprecedented opportunity for giving the message to all classes. All are ready to hear, but the eagerness with which the Mohammedans listen is most marked. In one village we were called from one Mohammedan home to another, and spoke to crowds of women in five places. Even after staying much longer than we had intended we could scarcely get permission to leave. A Sikh woman remarked that it was worth something when the missionaries camped at a village long enough for the people to learn what their teaching was. She had made good use of her opportunity and was satisfied that the Christian teaching was very good. Alas! the majority of villages can have only an hour or two. An effort is being made to camp at different villages in each circle from year to year, so that as many as possible may be benefited. Several high caste women have ex­ 190 India— Evangelistic Work. pressed a desire to become Christians. While encouraging them to follow Christ we have been led to urge them to remain in their homes for the present.” Miss L. B. Hamilton, of Zafarwal District, writes:— “During the summer and at the beginning of the camping season we visited several villages that we had not before seen, and generally found eager listeners. Yet often we received the answer, ‘He who created us will save us,’ or 'You believe in Christ, while we think our guru had great power.’ The Moham­ medan woman mentioned in last year’s report, as having received a copy of the Gospel by John, met us as we came this year and was the first to be seated before us. She confessed sadly that the rats had eaten the book, but said she had read it all and repeated the opening verses. We left with her the Gospel by Mark. Another, who when a girl had been taught to read by the worker’s wife, still has the New Testament then given her. She sang the 103d Psalm with us and told the story of Christ’s birth.” India— Educational Work.

EDUCATIONAL WORK.

VILLAGE SCHOOLS. The encouraging notes of the reports from the various dis­ tricts are the increased efficiency of some of the teachers, larger grants from Government, and the opening of the doors of the Government schools to our boys. The discouragements center around the deplorable scarcity of men, conscientious and efficient, willing to become teachers and the yet unconquered indifference of the people to the need of education for their children. The most hopeful outlook for the provision of better teachers lies in the training class opened in the Christian Training Institute. Seven districts were represented in the class of thirteen that was trained last year, and six districts are represented in the seventeen who comprise the class this year. These men are given a thorough review of the branches taught in the primary department, and are also given instruction in methods of teaching and school manage­ ment, together with practice-teaching and class room observation. Gujranwala reports 26 schools, 14 receiving grant-in-aid from the Government, 12 supported by specials from home. “It makes one’s heart heavy,” the Rev. W. D. Mercer writes, “to go into village after village where there is no school and where possibly not one person can read or write. The few partially instructed Christians that we find scattered in these villages are usually stu­ pid, disinterested, and all but hopeless. But in the villages where there are schools and the boys and girls are learning to read, the attitude of the people is different. They are cheerful, wide-awake, and eager to learn. They seem like people who have just come out of bondage, and so they have, for there is no bondage greater than that of the ignorance with which India’s millions have been bound for many centuries. “If the business men of our Church could spend but one month in camp among the villages, it would not be long till every village in the Punjab would have either a school or access to one.” Gurdaspur reports practical use being made of the teacher trained last year in the Christian Training Institute. Each month he teaches a class before the other teachers, gathered on pay-day. They are also given a lecture on methods. The Rev. A. M. Laing mentions encouragement in increased grant, and suggests three needs : improvement in the religious instruction given in the school, stress upon the education of girls, and good conscientious teachers. 192 India— Educational Work.

From Khangah Dogran the Rev. H. C. Chambers reports three more schools than last year, and 65 more Christian scholars, or 278 in all. At a conservative estimate this is about 33 per cent, of the Christian children of school age. At present there are no less than 130 Christian girls from this district who are in village or boarding schools. In the Martinpur Boys’ School there are 120 pupils, of whom 100 are Christians. “One teacher, who was dismissed on account of his work not being satisfactory, was taken on by the Christian people of the village, and has since been supported by them. His school has increased in numbers, and the teacher seems to be quite happy under the new arrange­ ment.” Mr. Chambers also reports an incident which shows an increasing interest on the part of some of the people in their children’s education. “On passing through a village on our way to the railway station we were met by a crowd who seemed greatly wrought up over something and were just starting to our camp several miles away. We supposed that there had been a quarrel among them or that something terrible had happened, but on inquiry it was found that the excitement was caused by their school being closed, on account of the Christmas holidays. Most of them did not know there were any holidays, while some who did know about it were worried lest their teacher might not get back on time. They were much comforted on being assured that the school would open at the proper time.” The Rev. J. H. Martin, D.D., reports from Lyallpur that al­ though there is no increase in the number of schools, there is improvement in their efficiency as regards both equipment and teaching staff. Perhaps the most interesting feature of educa­ tion in that district is the number of schools which the Govern­ ment is opening, and the fact that our pupils are being admitted into'them. Last year there were only three or four Christians in Government schools in the district; now there are seventeen. The Rev. H. S; Nesbitt reports that in Pasrur there are 23 village schools for which a grant is received from the Govern­ ment of Rs. 1,600. Of the 28 teachers only 16 are Christians. There are 1,095 pupils, of whom 405 are Christians. Of the latter 43 are girls. About four fifths of the non-Christians are Mo­ hammedans, and the remainder Hindus. The expense to the Mission for the year was Rs. 2,500, or very little over Rs. 100 per school. It is the aim to have all the schools receive aid from Government and so release as much money as possible for our needy evangelistic work. The Rev. John H. Stewart reports that of the five schools in Pathankot District two are in the Jammu State. This work, hitherto impossible because of Hindu prejudice, has opened up in answer to prayer. These schools are being carried on under large banyan trees and the teacher of one is living in a little tent. Twen­ ty-two of his thirty boys are from the Doms and Chamars, two low castes which are beginning to inquire the way of life. The India—-Educational Work. 193 teacher of the other school, a minister, is preparing more than 50 inquirers for baptism. The Rev. A. B. Caldwell reports 17 schools in Sangla Hill District, with 298 pupils, of whom 128 are Christians. Of the 23 teachers, 15 are Christian. The shifting character of the population in these canal districts, presents an added difficulty. However, in spite of great hindrances, several of the schools are in fair con­ dition. Sargodha reports seven schools less than last year. Some of these were closed because of lack of funds, others because of lack of interest on the part of teachers and Christian parents. One of the new teachers has been trained in the Christian Train­ ing Institute normal class and is developing a splendid school. Not satisfied with the regular routine of the average village school, and having a real interest in his work, he has started kindergarten and calisthenics. In co-operation with the worker in that part of the district he has also organized a Sabbath-school in which there are not only the Christian parents and children, but also sev­ eral Mohammedan boys. The influence of this school is already being felt, and other teachers are wanting normal training. In Sialkot four small primary schools are maintained in different sections of the city with an attendance of 63 Christian boys and six Christian girls. In one of these three Christian wom­ en are- enrolled. A girls’ school was closed last summer and some of the girls are attending the boys’ schools. From Sialkot District the Rev. W. M. McKelvey writes of a prosperous year. The increased efficiency of the teachers train­ ed in the normal class at the Christian Training Institute is one of the encouragements. In the 15 schools there are 119 Christian boys, 15 Christian girls, and 506 non-Christian boys. There are also 18 Christian boys in the Government schools. The Hindus and Mohammedans in the schools learn Bible stories and Psalms, and one teacher has a choir recruited largely from among his non-Christian boys, who go about his circle of villages with him, singing the Psalms as he preaches the Gospel. Zafarwal District, reported by the Rev. S. C. Picken, shows a most encouraging percentage of Christian teachers, 17 out of 20, and also a larger percentage of Christian pupils than last year. Of the 226 boys enrolled, 177 are Christians, while of the 46 girls, 40 are Christians. Since the Government has been laying great stress on efficiency, our effort has been to raise the standard of those schools already existing, rather than to open new ones. In some schools the attendance has been very poor, and two had to be closed because the people would not support them by sending their children. One of the encouraging features in the situation is the way the Christians are being allowed to enroll in the Gov­ ernment schools. It will be a glad day for them when all caste objections have been overcome, and when Hindus, Mohamme­ dans, and Christians may sit down and study together. Another 194 India— Educational Work. encouragement is found in the number of villages that are asking for a teacher. Many are still sadly indifferent, but the desire is growing to have their children able to read and write, and so take their stand with educated non-Christians.

DAY SCHOOLS FOR GIRLS. PRIMARY SCHOOLS The year has been an encouraging one in most of the schools, but the opening of Hindu and Mohammedan schools, together with the opposition to Christianity, and the deep-rooted indiffer­ ence to the education of girls at all, have made it difficult in many places to maintain a good attendance. Miss Gordon reports from Jhelum a total attendance of 45, one Christian, a few Hindus, and the rest Mohammedans. The Arya Samaj has a flourishing school and has made every effort to get all the Hindu girls away from us, yet a few still come. Two months’ closing of the school on account of plague and changes in the staff interfered seriously with the work. One young married woman attends and there are two Hindu widows as pupil teachers. The Misses J. E. Martin and Hopkins report a new school opened at Shaikhapura, in addition to those reported last year at Martinpur and Khangah Dogran. This new school, started by the wife of the Mission worker, meets in the court yard of her home, there being no money to rent suitable quarters. In Mar­ tinpur there are 49 girls enrolled, all Christians. Both of the teachers are Christians. In Khangah Dogran most of the pupils are Hindus. The head teacher is a Christian and her assistant a Hindu. The majority of the older girls who were in the school last year have been taken out to be married, and one or two were taken out because they were learning Bible stories. Their places have been filled by younger girls. In Pathankot District the Misses Wilson report a school opened early in the year at Sujanpur. The pupils are all Mo­ hammedans since the Christians have been too indifferent to send their girls. Of the 47 on the roll there are 15 young women who are taught mostly in their homes. When they come to the school they come veiled. Our little Mission school, together with a Hindu school that has a smaller enrolment, and a very small one of the Mohammedans, are all that are provided for girls in this town of more than 3,000. Twice the Mohammedans tried to stop our work. First, they forbade the owner to rent us his house, but they only succeeded in forcing us to pay higher rent. Then, they told the girls’ parents not to send their daughters to us or we would make them Christians. But God was our helper and the girls refused to be kept away. India— Educational Work. 195

Miss Cleland reports two schools, one at Sargodha and the other at Bhalwal. After the opening of the former, a strong spirit of opposition arose against the sending of girls to the Christian school, and each religious sect has opened a school for its own girls; but a faithful few continue to attend that of the Mission. Mrs. Shahbaz has a little school at Bhalwal which is mostly attend­ ed by Mohammedan girls, as at present there is no Christian com­ munity in the city. Those who attend are all children of the best families. Sometimes they take their daughters out of school for a while as they fear the Christian teaching, but they cannot keep them away long. This is a voluntary service on Mrs. Shahbaz’s part. Miss M. R. Martin reports the total number of girls in the Sialkot City School as 95, the largest number enrolled at one time as 80; the year closed with 65, while the average attendance was 55. This irregular attendance is one of the discouraging features. Four girls passed the upper primary examination, three of whom would have gone on to the middle had we been able to raise the standard of the school. The Bible teacher works faithfully, and the results of the examination were good. One encouraging thought is that the Bible knowledge they gain is not lost. One of the little girls was present when Miss McCahon was giving a Bi­ ble lesson to her older sister in the home. She showed a picture of the crucifixion, and little Taj Begam told what was to her a fa­ miliar story. Miss L. B. Hamilton reports that it was with regret that the school at Zafarwal was closed. When the school was moved from the rented building in the city to a veranda on the church prem­ ises, the parents refused to allow their girls to attend. It seemed unwise to accept the offer of the civil magistrate to secure another building in the city for us, in which case his own and other girls would attend the school. The way now seemed open for admit­ ting Christian girls and 20 were enrolled. Later five Mohamme­ dan girls came back. During a two months’ unavoidable vaca­ tion most of the girls and their parents lost interest, and as the teacher has not been able to re-interest them the school has re­ mained closed.

GUJRANWALA VERNACULAR MIDDLE AND NORMAL SCHOOL

Manager, The Rev. Robert M axwell. Headmistress, M iss K. M. Mukerjea. Enrolment, December 31st, 1913 Christians ...... 4 Hindus ...... 73 Mohammedans ...... 152 Sikhs ...... 196 India— Educational Work.

Receipts: Government Grant and Special Contributions ..Rs. 808 Granted from Mission Funds ...... Rs. 628

Total Expenditure ...... Rs. 1,436

The excitement caused by the opening of other schools, which drew away some of the teachers and pupils, and the prevalence of malaria after the monsoon, interfered with the attendance and the work. The new schools closed and the girls are being readmitted, but they made little progress during their absence. In the annual inspection the girls did well, and in the Bible examination a large percentage passed. Owing to the growing popularity of female education and the increase in the number of schools throughout the province, the supply of women teachers is quite inadequate. Classes have had to be grouped together and both instruction and supervision have suffered. The majority of the teachers are Christians and all have continued to do faithful work.

RAWALPINDI ANGLO-VERNACULAR MIDDLE SCHOOL

Manager, Miss J o s e p h in e L. W h i t e Headmistress, M iss I s u r D i t t , b. a.

Enrolment, December 31st, 1913:— Christians ...... 13 Hindus and Sikhs ...... 68 Mohammedans ...... 50 131 Receipts: Fees and Government Grant ...... Rs. 147 Granted from Mission Funds ...... Rs. 647

Total Expenditure ...... Rs. 794

Miss White reports:— “This school, raised from the primary standard only a few years ago, has now a flourishing middle department, while one class is studying the subjects of the first year of the high depart­ ment, and another is studying English and special subjects. Three girls who passed the examination from other schools have joined the special class. One very interesting feature has been the regu­ lar attendance of the large girls. However, plague and a severe type of fever interfered with the attendance for a part of the year. “All creeds are represented in the enrolment, the number of Christian girls being especially encouraging. All the teachers but one are professing Christians. Mrs. Ponsonby, the former head­ mistress, left to enter Gordon Mission College as a student. The present headmistress is a graduate of Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow,” India— Educational Work. 19 7 BOARDING SCHOOLS FOR CHRISTIANS. CHRISTIAN TRAINING INSTITUTE, SIALKOT

Manager. The Rev. T. E. H o l l i d a y , d. d. Headmaster, M aula Bakhsh, Esquire, b. a.

Enrolment, December 31st, 1913:— Christians ...... 150 Hindus ...... 13 Mohammedans ...... 36 199 Receipts: Fees and Government Grant ...... $1,874 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 2,013

Total Expenditure ...... $3,887 Dr. Holliday reports:— “The year that has just closed has been one to cheer and beck­ on to larger things. The total enrolment was 273, of whom 202 were Christians. The number of boarders has been above that al­ lowed by the Government for the amount of accommodation pro­ vided, and there has been an encouraging increase in thenumber of day pupils from the surrounding villages. “Our tests were more difficult than those of the previous year, nevertheless the examination results were fairly satisfactory. An additional grant of Rs. 919 was approved. About 20 boys won prizes by passing in all tests of the year, both secular and religious. Three certificated teachers have been added to the staff. “The class for the training of village primary teachers open­ ed in June, and after diligent work nine men passed the Govern­ ment test and received certificates. Two men failed and two were conditioned in one subject. Government granted us Rs. 450 for this work. A second class is preparing for the tests of May, 1914. “In April Mrs. Holliday returned to America with our daugh­ ters. Her influence oyer the boys and her active service for them were appreciated, and her presence is much missed. “In November the Rev. Kathu Mall went to resume his for­ mer work as pastor at Martinpur, having labored with us here for six years as Bible teacher and helper in many lines. These have been years of happy association and service, and we have enjoyed sweet fellowship in our effort to develop Christian life and char­ acter in the boys entrusted to us. “We wish to thank the friends of the Third Church, Pitts­ burgh, Pa., for their Christmas remembrance, and also other friends and societies for support of individual boys. The needs named last year for more boarding accommodation and three new recitation rooms have not yet been met. We need several thou­ sand rupees to do this work. “I would make this public acknowledgment of the Father’s help. Many have been remembering us in their intercessions and we request this best of aid in the days to come.” 198 India— Educational Work.

GIRLS’ BOARDING SCHOOL, VERNACULAR MIDDLE AND NORMAL, SIALKOT

Managers, Miss M. R. M a r t i n , M is s R. B . B e a t t y .

Enrolment, December 31st, 1913— Christians ...... 183 Receipts: Fees, Government Grant and Special Gifts ...$1,103 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 4,280

Total Expenditure ...... $5,383 Miss Martin reports:— “The total number of girls in attendance during the year was 230. The largest number in attendance at one time was 203. The number is limited only by the capacity of the buildings. They are crammed— are indeed much more crowded than the laws of health would permit, were it not that the girls sleep out of doors in the summer and in the verandas in the winter, recite outside unless summer heat or rain drives them under shelter; in fact, the whole life is practically lived out of doors. Visitors and inspec­ tresses invariably comment on the healthy happy appearance of the girls. “All six of the girls passed who appeared in the Government middle standard examination last March. One of these entered the Avalon High School, and the other five are in the normal training class. In the annual inspection the results were good, The chief inspectress says, ‘The tone of the school is very good, the girls are helpful and trustworthy, and the discipline is well kept up.’ After commenting in detail on the buildings, staff, each of the subjects taught, and the domestic department, she concludes, ‘The work of the school as a whole is very satis­ factory.’ The Education Department is sparing no pains to improve methods of teaching and bring them up to modern standards. “The results of the Bible examination, too, were good. As thorough and comprehensive a course as possible is laid out and when the girls leave school they have a very thorough knowledge of the Bible. For example, one of our missionaries when conduct­ ing a meeting for the girls recently, asked for some Psalm of thanksgiving, and without a moment’s hesitation from all over the room came suggestions of appropriate Psalms. Afterward he asked for Psalms on humiliation, and again they instantly re­ sponded. “The Sabbath-school and the three Christian Endeavor Socie­ ties have flourished. They have devoted their offerings to the missionary work of the Indian Church. One of the young teachers of her own accord has, after evening prayers, while the older pupils are having their study hour, been gathering the little ones ìndia— Educational Work. 199 for an informal meeting in the prayer room. The prayer room is in daily use and is a real influence in the life of the school. “We thank and praise our Heavenly Father for the good degree of health of teachers and pupils, for the restoration of those who have been ill, for the' good tone of the school, for the earnest spirit of prayer, for a marked change in the lives of some of the girls, and for many other blessings and favors.”

AVALON GIRLS’ HIGH SCHOOL, PATHANKOT

Manager, M is s M . J. C a m p b e ll.

Enrolment, December 31st, 1913:— Christians ...... 66 Others ----- ? ...... 8 74 Receipts: Fees, Government Grant, and Special Gifts ----- $2,433 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 1,150

Total Expenditure ...... $3.583 Miss Campbell reports:— “The year has been marked by progress all along the line. God has enabled us to lay broad foundations and to have great expectations for the future. He has not allowed us to be confound­ ed before our non-Christian neighbors. Indeed the school has won for itself a place in the hearts of the town people. “There are now seven girls in the high, 17 in the middle and 50 in the primary departments. “Concerning the buildings and grounds the chief inspectress says, ‘The new building is in course of erection and when finished will provide large airy dormitories, but class rooms and a hall are still required. It is proposed to buy a strip of land which runs be­ side one boundary of the estate. If this is done the building when finished will be one of the finest girls’ schools in the province. The situation on an undulating land surrounded by snow mountains is the loveliest possible, and when the grounds are laid out and trees and gardens planted the whole effect will be beautiful.’ “Regarding the staff she remarks, ‘The mistresses are all well qualified and work regularly and conscientiously. The teachers in the school are trained, so the work is carried on on modern meth­ ods.’ Urdu and Persian, she mentioned, as well taught through­ out the whole school, and that the girls speak English with a good accent and read and write correctly. She also said, ‘Each year im­ provements are effected in all directions.’ “In the Bible examination held by the Women’s Educational Board all the girls passed. “The pupils themselves carry on four organizations— Tem­ perance, Foreign Missionary, Home Missionary, and Christian Endeavor.” 2ÖO India— Educational Work.

GIRLS’ BOARDING SCHOOL, SANGLA HILL

Manager, M iss F. J. J a m e so n .

Enrolment, December 31st, 1913— Christians ...... Other ...... i — 79 Receipts: Fees, Government Grant and Special Gifts $ 120 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 838

Total Expenditure $964

Miss Jameson reports:— “The first months were spent by the children in temporary quarters. All went well during the winter, but difficulties came as the heat advanced. At last, however, after delays and disappoint­ ments, the girls were transferred to the first cottage; the hospital being used for hospital, recitation rooms, and office. “As the cottages were finished they were almost immediately filled. Each accommodates from 20 to 25 girls, and has a teacher in charge who oversees the household work. Four cottages have been opened and four are yet to be built. “The health of the school has been generally good. When only ordinary illness enters the school, no alarm is felt, but when seri­ ous illness comes, how we long for the dispensary that we have asked for in Sangla! “A girl entered from Khangah Dogran who had been accus­ tomed to walk two miles from her village to attend a boys’ school. She was a happy girl when she entered our boarding school. “Two parents from Sangla Hill District, after a great strug­ gle, yielded to their only daughter’s determination to enter school. At first she was very homesick, especially since the parents soon came to visit her. When asked if they could not have been pa­ tient and have waited for a month to allow the girl to become rec­ onciled to her new home, the father replied, ‘Patient! how can we be ? She is our only* child.’ The little one’s homesickness vanish­ ed when she received a beautiful doll at Christmas time— the gift of a child lover at home. “During the year eight girls confessed their faith in Christ, and united with the Church. The simple faith of these little girls and their belief in prayer often astonish us and make us hum­ ble. May the Lord bless this school and make it a blessing from its Very earliest days.” India— Educational Work. 201

GIRLS’ BOARDING SCHOOL, SARGODHA

Manager, M iss A. L. Cleeand.

Enrolment, December 31st, 1913- Christians ...... 24 Mohammedans ...... 2

Receipts from Special Gifts $281

Total Expenditure ----- $281 Miss Cleland reports:— ‘‘Our little boarding school accommodates only about 20 girls so we cannot report much as to numbers, but we are pleased with the work our school is doing. It has been a home for orphans and a haven for some who needed a place of refuge. “Some time before Christmas we promised the girls that whoever could read the Urdu New Testament and the Punjabi Psalm Book by Christmas would receive as her own a copy of each book at that time.. There were eleven of each given out, one set going into a Mohammedan home. “For their class work the girls attend the day school in the city where other Christian, as well as Mohammedan, boys and girls are enrolled.”

INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS. BOYS’ INDUSTRIAL HOME, GUJRANWALA

Manager, The Rev. J. A. M cArthur. Assistant, A. A. Biswas, Esquire.

Enrolment, December 31st, 1913— Christians ...... 71 Receipts: Fees ...... $ 84 Earnings ...... 8,239 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 2,295

Total Expenditure ...... $10,618 Mr. McArthur reports:— “The Home has had one of its busiest years— a year, too, of satisfactory progress. The new building for the Gujranwala high school, to which the Church at home contributed so generous­ ly, has practically all been built by this institution. A good portion of the brick work, and all the wood work, was done by the young men of the Home. Much of the work for the new buildings of the Sangla Hill girls’ school also is being supplied. “In addition to these building operations a great deal of furni­ ture has been made. Lady Dane, the wife of the Lieut.-Govemor, — the highest official of the Punjab— gave us an order for the new Y. W. C. A. building in Lahore and expressed herself as being well pleased with the furniture supplied. 202 India—Educational Work.

“Throughout the year the boys have enjoyed excellent health. In outdoor sports the Home has sustained its reputation, our hockey team defeating all the local school and police teams. “Religious services and Bible classes have been regularly maintained. In the Bible examination held by the Industrial Home Board the boys did very well, while in the All-India S. S. Examination, out of 50 who appeared, 48 passed. “An urgent need is that of more machinery, especially an engine and saw, as the ancient Indian process of a man at each end of a saw is a rather slow, laborious, and expensive method for cutting up logs.”

GIRLS’ INDUSTRIAL HOME, PASRUR

Manager, Miss E. J. M a r t i n .

Enrolment, December 31st, 1913— Christians ...... 126 Receipts: Fees, Government Grant and Special Gifts ...$1,042 Earnings ...... 105 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 1,667

Total Expenditure ...... $2,814 Miss Martin reports:— “During the past year there have been 150 in the Home, 20 of whom were day-pupils. At the close of the year there were 126. Of these 70 are in the infant and kindergarten departments. Twelve little boys have been in attendance, three of whom were sent to the Christian Training Institute, having reached the age limit of seven. There are also five women in the school, three of whom are widows. “No Government inspection was held during the year, since the time has been changed from December to January. In the Bi­ ble examination seven received 100 per cent, and all but six pass­ ed. In a school which is a refuge for all sorts of homeless little ones this is an unusually good record. “Drawn work and lace have been the specialties in fancy work. Great improvement has been shown and the product has had a ready sale. The girls have taken great interest in the cooking classes. “Daily gymnastic classes are held, and this, with good food, accounts for improved health. The tubercular convalescent de­ partment is now almost empty, only five having received special treatment during the year, and these have all been able to do regu­ lar class work. “The advance in the number of day pupils is most encourag­ ing. They are girls from the Christian homes in the city and on the compound. The annual grant-in-aid has been increased from Rs. 615 to Rs. 1,120, indicating an improvement in the staff and in class work. India— Educational Work. 203

“Twelve professed their f-aith and united with the church. Some of the older girls have taken an active interest in visiting the near villages. Before vacation the district girls learned some of the Bible stories which are in the course prescribed for village Christians, and taught these to women and girls in their villages while at home. “A helpful and congenial spirit has been shown by the teach­ ers. It has been a year of joy and blessing and we thank the Heavenly Father for it.”

HIGHER EDUCATION FOR BOYS. DHARIWAL MIDDLE SCHOOL

Manager, T h u R e v . A . M. L a in g . Headmaster, Fazl Shadi Khan, Esquire.

Enrolment, December 31st, 1913— Christians ...... 21 Hindus ...... 72 Mohammedans ...... 68 Sikhs ...... 58 219 Receipts: Fées, Government Grant, and Contribution of the New Egerton Woolen Mills Co...... $ M 34 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 599

Total Expenditure ...... $2,033 Mr. Laing reports:— “At the beginning of the year there was only one Christian teacher in this school, and he in the lower primary department. Shortly afterwards three other Christian men joined the staff, among them the former second master who returned to his old post. Later, Fazl Shadi Khan, having taken a course in Gordon Mission College, came as headmaster. Both the teaching and the general atmosphere of the school have improved since his com­ ing. New books have been added to the library, and the boys have begun to take an interest in reading. “Besides regular religious instruction in the school, Sab- bath-school and church services are held in which the Christians of the place have a part. The influence of the five Christian teachers is having its effect on the community, and we thank God for sending them in answer to our prayers.” JHELUM MIDDLE SCHOOL

Manager, The Rev. Harris J. S t e w a r t . Headmaster, Fazl Ilahi, Esquire, b. a. Enrolment, December 31st, 1913— Christians ...... 6 Hindus ...... 72 Mohammedans ...... 87 Sikhs ...... 28 193 204 India— Educational Work.

Receipts: Fees and Government >Grant ...... $ 834 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 668

Total Expenditure ...... $1,502 Mr. Stewart reports:— “The work of the school was much interrupted by a severe scourge of plague. People generally fled from the city and schools were closed for a month and a half. In spite of this, however, the school has continued to prosper and its condition was declared ‘satisfactory’ for purposes of grant-in-aid at the annual inspection near the close of the year. “The rented quarters, though still further improved by the erection of a boundary wall, are not yet what we could desire. The competition of the neighboring Government High School, the plant of which was largely expanded during the year, has not detracted from the attendance of the Mission school, nor from the popularity of its Christian headmaster, who is largely responsible for the management and success of the school. “Religious instruction is imparted to each class daily by the Bible teacher, and in addition chapel and a well-attended Sabbath- school are held.”

SANGHOI MIDDLE SCHOOL

Manager, The; Rev. Harris J. S t e w a r t .

Enrolment, December 31st, 1913— Christians ...... 2 Hindus ...... 38 M oham m edans ...... 117 Sikhs ...... 4 ' ------161 Receipts: Fees and Government Grant ...... : ...... $481 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 426

Total Expenditure ...... $907 Mr. Stewart reports:— “This school, though still in disfavor with Hindus as a class, and in spite of the strong competition of their school, has a con­ siderable number of Hindu boys enrolled, and its patronage by the Mohammedans has not decreased. There is an increase over last year in enrolment and in income from fees and grant-in-aid. “Besides the Bible teacher, the only other Christian teacher on the staff is the drill master, who divides his time between the Jhelum and Sanghoi schools. Better equipment is needed, but the greatest need is an efficient staff of Christian teachers, who will be living witnesses to the truth of the Scripture which is daily taught. The school attracts pupils from within a radius of ten miles, through whom the message of the Gospel is carried to many villages. Pray for this school, which stands as a witness for Christ in one of the hardest portions of our Mission field, that it may prove a mighty evangelistic agency.” THE STAFF, STUDENTS AND MAIN BUILDING OF THE SIALKOT HIGH SCHOOL. On December 31, 1913, the enrolment of this school was 682; o f whom 21 were Christians, 56 Hindus, $94 (or seven eighths) Mohammedans, and 11 Sikhs.

IN THE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, SIALKOT. These children are all orphans, but they are tenderly “ mothered” by Dr. Maria White and her nurses. India— Educational Work. 205

SIALKOT HIGH SCHOOL

Manager, T h e R e v . E. E. C a m p b e ll. Enrolment, December 31st, 1913— Christians ... 21 Hindus ...... 56 Mohammedans 594 Sikhs 11 682 Receipts: Fees and Government Grant $4,045 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 652

Total Expenditure $4,697 Mr. Campbell reports:— “The attendance during the year has remained good. Nearly all the pupils are Mohammedans since the Hindu and Sikh boys mostly attend their own institutions. The present headmaster is a Mohammedan. The lack of qualified Christian teachers is the most distressing condition that prevails in the educational situa­ tion and the lack is especially manifest in this school. Only two teachers in the primary, and none in the secondary department, are Christian. “The inspecting officers note marked improvement in scholar­ ship and general efficiency. Furniture and equipment are need­ ed and additions to the science apparatus and library are impera­ tive. For the boarding house a more satisfactory rented build­ ing has been secured. “Three Bible teachers have given regular instruction. The headmaster insists on faithful work being done by all in the Bible periods, and brings such pressure to bear on non-Christian pupils that the Bible teachers are unhampered in teaching the Gospel. “ Soon after the present Bible teacher in the high department came to the school, he found, on entering his class room, the class gone, his table turned upside down, another table set up on it, and his chair on top of that. The boy who was a ringleader in this and in other active opposition to the Bible teacher and the Bible, has been baptized during the year. His brother, too, who was in the same class is an inquirer.”

RAWALPINDI HIGH SCHOOL

Manager, The Rev. E. L. P o r t e r , d . d . Headmaster, B. Samuel, Esquire, b. a.

Enrolment, December 31st, 1913— Christians ...... Hindus ...... 327 Mohammedans ...... «... 438 Sikhs 126 —■—927 Receipts: Fees, Government Grant and Special Gifts $6,375 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 1,310

Total Expenditure $7,685 20Ó India— Educational Work.

Dr. Porter reports:— “Bubonic plague which raged in the city for three months hindered the work greatly. The school was closed for four weeks and during the remainder of the time of the epidemic there was only about 30 per cent, of the normal attendance. Many left the city, and the attendance at the end of the year is about 200 less than that of last year. The few students who had plague recover­ ed, but two very efficient teachers died, one of plague and the other of cholera. They had served the school for thirteen and thirty years, respectively. The teachers and students contributed Rs. 250 for the families of the deceased. “Among the students attending the school are two sons of a religious teacher, or guru, of the Sikhs. The guru’s headquarters are of another center, but he is keeping up a large establishment in Rawalpindi that his sons may attend the Mission school. He is also paying part of the salary of Prof. C. A. Stewart of the col­ lege for tutoring his sons. “The greatest need of the school is a Christian staff. Only seven of the 41 teachers are Christians. Until this need is met we cannot expect our schools to become the evangelistic agency they should be. “Much of the management of the school has been left to Mr. Samuel, who has proved himself a very capable headmaster. “The results of the Bible examination in most of the classes were satisfactory. On Saturday the school is turned into a large Sabbath-school and the classes are divided among the Christian teachers and older Christian pupils.”

GUJRANWALA HIGH SCHOOL

Manager, The Rev. Robert M axwell. Headmaster, B. C. Chatterjea, Esquire, b. a.

Enrolment, December 31st, 1913— Christians ...... 35 Hindus ...... 280 Mohammedans ...... 266 Sikhs ...... 43 — —624 Receipts: Fees and Government Grant ...... $4,672 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 1,322

Total Expenditure ...... $5,994 Mr. Maxwell reports:— “The new building is not yet completed, but the classes will be accommodated in it from the first of January, 1914. The con­ struction has been supervised by the manager of the Boys’ Indus­ trial Home and the work is well done.. Both teachers and pupils are anxious for the transfer, and they will be able to do much better work in their new building. India— Educational IVork. 207

“The enrolment has increased slightly, but the Government insists on smaller classes, and with a view to meeting their re­ quirements the number on the roll has been limited. This reduces the income from fees and makes necessary a larger appropriation. “The staff remains much the same as last year, and all, es­ pecially the headmaster and the other Christian teachers, have done their work faithfully. “Although the results were only fair in the matriculation ex­ amination, the classes all made a good showing in the annual inspection, and ten pupils won scholarships. “ Some money has been received for the new boarding house which is very much needed, and the building will soon be begun if the Government makes a sufficient grant. The Christians do not seem to have suffered from being in the same building with their Hindu and Mohammedan fellow-students, who take considerable interest in their worship. It will, however, be easier to provide recreation for them, and to supervise them closely when they are in a building by themselves. “Pray that the Christian teachers and students may be used of God to bring many to Himself.”

GORDON MISSION COLLEGE, RAWALPINDI Staff

The Rev. E. L. Porter, m.a., d . d . , Principal and Professor of English. Ralph R. Stewart, Esquire, m.a., Professor of Botany and Zoology.

Charles A. Stewart, Esq., b . a . , Offg. Professor of English and History. W . H. Merriam, Esquire, m.a., (on leave), Professor of Philosophy. S. Jaggat Singh, m.a., Officiating Professor of Philosophy. Peter Ponsonby, Esq., m.a., Prof. o f History and Honorary Librarian. Lala M anohar Lal, b.a., b.t., Professor of Physics and Chemistry M. Abdul Rahman, m.a., Professor of Persian and English. Lala Sada Nand, m.a., Professor of Mathematics. M aulvi Muhammad Akram, Professor of Persian and Arabic. Pandit Hari Chand Shastri (on leave), Professor of Sanskrit. P a n d i t D u r g a D a t t S h a s t r i , Officiating Professor of Sanskrit. U. B a r k a t A l i, b.a., Assistant Professor of Mathematics.

Enrolment, December 31st, 1913— Christians ...... 9 Hindus ...... 77 Mohammedans ...... 29 Sikhs ...... 32 147 Receipts: Fees, Government Grant and Special ...... $5,865 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 2,839

Total ...... $8,704 208 India— Educational Work.

Dr. Porter reports:— “Professor Henri R. Ferger completed his three year term and returned to America in the spring. He rendered very efficient service, not only in the class room, but also in organizing the ath­ letics and encouraging social life among the students of the hostel. “Pandit Hari Chand Shastri, Professor of Sanskrit, was giv­ en a state scholarship for the study of Sanskrit in a European uni­ versity, and took leave for two years. He is at present studying in Paris. “Professor C. A. Stewart, who had just completed a three year term of service at Larnika, Cyprus, under the Reformed Presbyterian Mission, accepted a temporary position on the staff for one year. “The following report was given by the Commission appoint­ ed by the Punjab University to visit and inspect the College:— “ ‘We found the Gordon Mission College continuing to fulfil satisfactorily the conditions of efficiency laid down by the uni­ versity. . . . Every college has its distinctive features, and among those of the Gordon Mission College we notice the exist­ ence of several lady students, the great part played in the college life by literary clubs, the immense popularity of American games, the businesslike method of library returns, the institution of popu­ lar evening lectures, and of community messes, each dining at its own common table.’ “In comparing Indian and American colleges, the following are some of the distinguishing features of the former:— “i. The lack of initiative in the students. All their work, their social life, and even their games, must be planned for them. “2. What might be called the divisive forces in the student body. All elections for office in literary clubs, athletic associa­ tions, and all divisions in social life follow the lines of cleavage due to religious sects. The Christian student would fare badly for want of a constituency, if it were not that he is often the only one upon whom all parties can unite. “3. As all degrees are given on results of examinations set by the university there is the inevitable tendency to cram for exami­ nations and neglect term work and college tests. The professor who is counted successful is one who can adjust his methods to suit this situation. “4. The curriculum is not so extensive and there is more tendency to specialize. “5'. The university system with its convocation for bestow­ ing degrees and honors does away with commencement exercises in the colleges. Prize Day with a popular address only partially takes the place of commencement. “6. The system of having all colleges affiliated with a cen­ tral non-teaching university which awards degrees, interferes with the development of that love for alma mater that is found among students of the colleges in America.” India— Educational Work. 209 THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, GUJRANWALA Faculty

The Rev. Robert Stewart, d .d., l l .d. T h e R e v . T . L . S c o t t , d.d. T h e R e v . L a b h u M a l l . Dr. Stewart reports:— “During the year there have been 16 students in attendance, four in the Seminary proper and 12 in the Theological Training School. Of these 10 finished their course in June and are now at work in different parts of our field. “The usual curriculum has been followed, and we are happy to note a fair amount of interest and diligence on the part of the students. During part of the year the students, under the direc­ tion of. the professors, went out on Sabbath to the surrounding villages and preached the Gospel to both Christians and non- Christians. “Through .the liberality of two American visitors, we have been able to add some books to our library, and in the near future we expect to get many more from the same source. Through the -generous gift of another an endowment has been started for the purpose of keeping up repairs and adding minor improvements to the property. Thanks are due to these kind friends. “ Now that God in his remarkable providence has given us an excellent plant and many facilities for our work, we pray that He will draw many men toward the Gospel ministry, and that he will open up many fields for their settlement as pastors and preachers.” 210 India— Medical Work.

MEDICAL WORK.

MEMORIAL HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY, SIALKOT

Miss M a r i a W h i t e , m.d. Dr. White reports:— “The year 1913 opened with bright ex­ pectations, but scarcely a fortnight had passed when small pox entered the children’s ward and one of the babies died. After thorough disinfection, in which much clothing and bedding were destroyed, when we felt we were free from the small pox, measles entered, and we had a hard battle for the lives of the little pa­ tients. All recovered but one. Sixteen, ranging in age from four months to three years, have been cared for in this department, of whom two died, four were taken away by friends, and ten re­ main. “In March, a woman suffering from tuberculosis of the leg, came from Jammu. As she was unable to do heavy work her husband had refused to support her and turned her out. For a year she had crawled from place to place suffering much from hunger and abuse, as well as from the open undressed sores. After six weeks, when she was able for the operation, the leg was ampu­ tated and she made a good recovery. Her husband, hearing of this and seeing a chance to increase his income by having his wife sit with her crutches and beg by the wayside, hastened to the hospital and after convincing her of his friendship took her away. “Two sisters of the Arya Samaj community who have been earnest believers for two years came to me for baptism. Each had a babe in her arms. I allowed them to remain for special instruction. After some months the husband of the younger came with a big stick in his hand. I took the stick from him, but had to give up his wife. Her sister went with them and I have not heard of them since. “The Sabbath-schools for Christians and non-Christians were consolidated, June 1st, and now we have a well organized Sabbath- school with twelve teachers. The average attendance has been over 100. “Two Christian Endeavor Societies meet weekly and the Women’s Missionary Society monthly. “The daily afternoon meetings have been put into the hands of the assistants, so they have responsibility for the souls as well as the bodies of their patients. India— Medicai Work. 211

“The wards have been well filled all the year. Of the 730 patients treated 356 were Mohammedans, 130 Hindus, and 244 were of other classes. “The outdoor patients numbered 11,216; Mohammedans, 5,208; Hindus, 2,325; and other classes, 3,683. This department is ever a source of joy. The people hear the Gospel gladly. “The work of the Bible woman, who visits in the homes of those who have been patients, was interrupted by illness, but she has done faithful work. Forty-five women receive regular les­ sons and many hear the message. “In August there was a serious outbreak of cholera. The Mohammedans suffered most, as they were observing the fast of Ramadan. No songs were heard and after the first few days the voice of mourning was silent— no doubt the mourners were few. Those who could get away fled and every one expected to die. “The nights of greatest horror were the two before the close of Ramadan, when the whole city echoed with the most unearthly sounds as the people strove to drive away the spirits of the dead. “We thank God for protecting us all. ‘Praise the Lord for he is good/ ‘Happy is he that hath the God of Jacob for his help, whose hope is in Jehovah his God/ ”

WHITE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, PASRUR

M iss M a r i a W h i t e , m.d. Dr. White writes:— “Mrs. Maidment and the other workers have done faithful work. The Bible teaching has been listened to with much interest. “The outdoor patients have numbered 7,186, of whom 4,022 were Mohammedans, 1,048 Hindus, and 2,116. belonged to other classes. “Sixty were received as indoor patients, of whom 45 were Mohammedans, 6 Hindus, and 10 belonged to other classes.”

GOOD SAMARITAN HOSPITAL, JHELUM

M i s s J. P . S i m p s o n , m .d. Dr. Simpson reports:— “The buildings have been improved so that the nurses can sleep on the roof of the dispensary. Their second story rooms were very warm in summer and they are grateful for the relief. “A trained Bible woman came to us in February and has been doing her work very well. Three other new workers have come to learn nursing and one to help in the dispensary. “The number in the indoor department was unusually large in January, but toward the end of the month there was a virulent outbreak of bubonic plague in the city which reduced the number for February and March together below the number for January 212 .India-^-Medical Work. alone. We heard the wailing of the mourners on all sides and all the Hindus who could left the city. We are grateful that none of the workers or members of the Christian community took the .disease though it was next door to the hospital. The medical officer examined the buildings, but found no holes and decided they were rat proof and not in need of disinfection. “The attendance of outdoor patients ran higher in August than ever before, and in spite of plague the number of new pa­ tients was larger than last year as was the daily average of both indoor and outdoor departments. “Five weeks were spent in itinerating in Jhelum District. Medicines were dispensed each morning at the tent, and in the afternoon the women were visited in their homes and given the Gospel message. In several villages we were not asked to su down, but were plainly told by the people that they did not wish to hear about our religion, but this was the exception. In Malot we found a girl who had once spent a month in the hospital. She was eager to learn and asked for a number of Psalms which she had learned when with us and joined us in singing. The head man’s wife, also, was friendly and willing to hear the Psalms sung, but did not care for the New Testament. I had read a passage and the book was lying on my lap while I was making some remarks. She politely closed it and put it in my bag and said, ‘Now sing!’ During the tour 1,315 women and children were treated and many of them came more than once.”

KALA DISPENSARY

M iss J. P . S im p s o n , m.d. Dr. Simpson reports:— “The dispensary has been opened only twice a week since February, and was closed during August and September, but the attendance has been very good. Miss Howell and a nurse have been doing this work since the isi of Oc­ tober. Miss Howell writes: ‘Some days the crowds are noisy, so we told them that any who were disorderly would be the last to get their medicine. One boy of six or seven who had to wait was told that he would get no medicine next day unless he repeated his verse. When he came he marched up and shouted, “Honor thy father and thy mother.” This was not quite so ridiculous, how­ ever, as the behaviour of a score of Mohammedan women on an­ other day when the parable of the Prodigal Son was being taught. Each spat upon the ground when the pigs were mentioned. “ ‘Many of these people seem to think they are doing us a favor to allow us to serve them, but surely this attitude cannot continue forever. Pray that God may soon call out from among them his own people.’ ” India— Medimi Work. 213

SARGODHA HOSPITAL

M iss W inifred Heston, m.d. Dr. Heston reports:— “No new buildings have been added but some improvements have been made. The dispensary is well adapted to its purpose, but the hospital needs furniture. In the autumn we secured equipment sufficient for a fevy patients and for a time sixteen were accommodated, several supplying their own bedding. “A small ward at one end of the building was fitted up as an operating room, and fitted with such apparatus as we were able to purchase out of savings from the regular appropriation. We have now a good operating table, two glass tables, enamel frames for irrigating appliances and wash basins and, on the whole, con­ sider ourselves fairly well fitted out. We are in great need of in­ struments, however, and some operations have had to be refused, while a few have been made possible only by borrowing from the Government hospital. “The hospital was not opened until March, and the physician was twice laid up by serious accidents and kept from work by other illnesses, and a nurse was not obtained until October. The work was not really in full swing until November. The former assistants have continued to do good work. “There is an opening in Sargodha for a women’s hospital, but with Indian men assistants on the staff it has been impossible to demonstrate how large an opening.”

BHERA DISPENSARY

M iss W inifred Heston, m.d. Dr. Heston reports:— “The work continues to be as large and flourishing as of yore, and even more so, a fact attested to by 27,073 out-patients, 62 in-patients, and 58 operations. “The small room containing four beds is inadequate, often necessitating the patients living out in the open— thankful even then for the medical attention they receive. “ One woman and her two children have definitely* accepted Christ, and are waiting for an opportunity to declare themselves openly on the Lord’s side.”

ELLIOTT DISPENSARY, PATHANKOT

M iss E. W. Maconachie. Miss Maconachie reports:— “At the Annual Meeting of 1912 Miss Campbell presented the need for a dispensary in Pathankot, and stated that the people and their civil officers were willing to assist in the erection of a building and the upkeep of the work. The Mission sanctioned the proposal on condition that the Worn- 214 India— Medicai Work. en’s Board assume the support of the work. The Women’s Board consented and Miss Campbell secured the land and erect­ ed the building. On the 8th of May, before a large company, a tablet bearing the inscription ‘Elliott Dispensary’ was placed in position by the wife of the Deputy Commissioner, who made aii address and promised that he and his wife would contribute Rs. 300 to the building fund and Rs. 50 a year for the carrying on of the work. “I came to Pathankot in May and by the first of June there was a daily attendance of 50. The work has opened up more rapidly than was expected. There have been 4,027 patients with a total attendance of 7,664 in six months. In December the at­ tendance was 200 more than in any previous month, though it is usually considered a slack season. “A well-trained and experienced nurse was secured in Sep­ tember and a Hindu woman is being trained as dresser. The Bi­ ble woman, who was a famine orphan, educated in the Girls’ In­ dustrial Home, Pasrur, does her teachers credit. She and her two little daughters are always clean and tidy and a good example to these women who do not believe much in the use of soap and water as a means of securing health. People at first objected to listening to the Bible, but now listen quietly. One woman at first objected to the Bible woman saying anything to her, but when she found she was benefiting by the treatment she not only listen­ ed, but brought her children and friends to hear. When we visit her village we hold our services in her house and the people listen quietly.” India— Medical Work. 215

SUMMARY OF MEDICAL STATISTICS, INDIA, 1913

3 i .2 a Q g fc! § S £ * Institution 5 o .2 U « *S '■8.8* « ft 4-» o O n ft P £ 2 O O S o.

Rs. Rs. Memorial Hospital, Sialkot 125 730 799 11,216 35,125 2,178 2,007 White Memorial Hospital, Pasrur,...... 10 60 293 7,186 17,320 200 Good Samaritan Hospital, Jhelum ...... 83 458 232 8,080 23,520 601 2,053 Kala Dispensary...... 1,413 2,836 16 Bhera Dispensary . . . 4 * 62 ’ 58 8,685 27,073 510 400 Bargodha General Hospital 110 12 7,170 9,672 271 271 Elliott Dispensary, Pathankot...... 52 4,027 7,664 66 292 [tinerating Dispensary, Sialkot...... 1.050 1,050 15 263 Total 29 178 1,420 1,555 48,827 128,760 3,867 5,286 2 IÓ India— Missionaries and Workers.

MISSIONARIES AND WORKERS.

ON THE FIELD DECEMBER 31st, 1913.

GUJRANWALA

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. W. D. Mercer, Miss M. M. Wilson, Miss L. M. Buchanan Indian Workers— Pastor— The Rev. Shadi Khan, Othian Galo- tian Evangelist— The Rev. Jiwan Mall School Inspector— S. Stephen School Teachers— Christian, 12; non-Christian,' 28 Other Workers, 8; Licentiates, 4 The City— The Rev. and Mrs. Robert Maxwell, Miss R. A. McCullough Indian Workers1—Pastor— The Rev. Barkat Masih, Gujranwala Evangelist— The Rev. Karm Bakhsh Bible Women— Mrs. Mlurray, Mrs. Bhagtu Mall, Mrs. Bashir un Din, Alice Bashir ud Din School Teachers— Christians, 5 The Theological Seminary— The Rev. and Mrs. Robert Stewart, the Rqv. and Mrs. T. L- Scott Indian Professor— The Rev. and Mrs. Labhu Mall The Boys’ Industrial Home— The Rev. and Mrs. j. A. McArthur Indian Staff—Assistant— - A. A. Biswas, Esquire Christian Teachers— Haveli Ram,. Khushal Chand, Sant Masih; non-Christian, 2 The City Girls’ School— The Rev. and Mrs. Robert Maxwell Indian Staff— Headmistress— Miss K. M. Mukerjea Christian Teachers— 5; non-Christian, 5 The Boys’ High School— The Rev. and Mrs. Robert Maxwell Indian Staff1—Headmaster— B. C. Chatterjea, Esq., B.A. Christian Teachers— Hakim Din, Esquire, B.A., B.T.; W azir Chand, Esq., B .A .; Ladha Mall; non-Christian, 23

GURDASPUR

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. A. M. Laing, Miss L. G. Dickson, Miss O. R. Laing Indian Workers— Pastors— The Rev. Aziz ul Haqq, Awankha The Rev. Gulaba, Khaira Kotli The Rev.' Allah Ditta, Ugru Khaira The Rev. James, Gurdaspur School Teachers— Christian, 12; non-Christian, 20 Bible Woman— Mrs. Dennison India— Missionaries and Workers. 217

JHELUM

The District— The Rev. Harris J. Stewart, Miss M. E. Logan, Miss E. M. Gordon Indian Workers— Pastor— The Rev. Ganda Mall, Jhelum Bible Woman— Viro Other Workers, 13 Middle Schools— The Rev. Harris J. Stewart Jhelum City— Headmaster— Fazl Ilahi, Esquire, B.A. Christian Teachers1—Lahna Mall, Bindra Ban Sanghoi Christian Teachers— Isa Das, Bindra Ban The City Girls’ School— Miss E. M. Gorion ; Indian Staff— Headmistress— Mathilda Sadoc Christian Teacher— Mrs. Piyari Lawrence; non-Chris- ■' tian, 2 Good Samaritan *Hospital— Miss J. P. Simpson, M.D. American Nurse— Miss S. A. Howell Indian Staff— Sub-Assistant Surgeon— Mrs. Fazl Ilahi Compounder, 1; Nurses, 5; Dresser, 1 Bible Woman— Mrs. Singh KHANGAH DOGRAN

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. H. C. Chambers,, Miss J. E. Martin, Miss S. J. Hop­ kins IndianWorkers—Pastor— The Rev. Kathu Mall„ Martinpur The Rev. Buta Mall, Sathiali Evangelist— The Rev. Fazl Din School, Teachers— Christian, 22; non-Christian, 1 , . Other Workers, 4

LYALrLPUR

The District— The Rev. and Mrs.; J. H. Martin, Miss N. J. Spencer, Miss L. A. McConnell / ; Indian Workers— Evangelist— The Rev. Paul Nasar Ali Bible Woman— Mrs. Dina Nath School Teachers— Christian, 4; non-Christian, 4 Other Workers, 12 PASRUR

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. H. S. Nesbitt, the Rev. and Mrs. E. V. Clements, Miss Mary Kyle, Miss Elizabeth Lawrence Indian Workers— Pàstors— The Rev. Jamil ud Din, Pasrur The Rev. Wadhawa Mall, Bann Baj- wan The Rev. Qadir Bakhsh, Baddomali Bible Women'— Mrs. Jones, Ruth, Firozah School Inspector— Munshi Kaku Mall School Teachers;— Christian, 20 ; non-Christian, 10 Other Workers, 12 Girls7 Industrial Home— Miss E. J. Martin Indian .Staff— Headmistress— Miss Ishar Das Christian Teachers, 8; non-Christian, 2 Other Workers, 3 218 India— Missionaries and Workers.

The White Memorial Hospital— Miss Maria White, M.D. Indian Staff— Hospital Assistant— Mrs. Jane Maidment Nurse— Begam Faqira Mall Bible Woman— Mrs. Failbus Other Workers, 2

PATHANKOT

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. John H. Stewart, Miss C. E. Wilson, Miss R. T. Wilson Indian Workers— Bible Woman— Clara School Teachers— Christians, 3; non-Christian, 2 Other Workers, 6; Licentiates, 3 A.valon Girls’ School— Miss M. J. Campbell American Teacher— Miss Louise Scott Indian Staff— Headmistress— Miss G. Mahli, F.A. Christian Teachers, 4; non-Christian, 1 City Girls’ School— Miss M. J, Campbell Indian Staff— Christian Teachers, 2; non-Christian, 1

RAWALPINDI

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. W. T. Anderson, Miss M. A. Lawrence, Miss A. M. Hamilton Indian Workers'— Other Workers, 2 The City— Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Nicoll, Miss J. L. White Indian Workers— Pastor— The Rev. W. T. Williams Colporteurs— Elder Beni Parshad, Chambel Das Bible Women— Mrs. Baptist, Mrs. Thomas, Mrs. Imam ud Din School Teacher— Christian, Imam ud Din Other Workers, 2 Girls’ Anglo-Vernacular Middle School— Miss J. L. White Indian Staff— Headmistress— Miss S. Isur Ditt, B.A. •- Christian Teachers, 5; non-Christian, 1 Gordon Mission College— The Rev. and Mrs. E. L. Porter Staff— Ralph R. Stewart, Esquire, M.A., Professor of Botany and Zoology C. A. Stewart, Esquire, B.A., Offg. Professor of English and History W. H. Merriam, Esquire, M.A., Pro­ fessor of Philosophy (on leave) S. Juggat Singh, M.A., Offg. Pro­ fessor o f Philosophy Peter Ponsonby, Esquire, M.A., Pro­ fessor of History L. Manohar Lai, B.A., B.T., Profes­ sor of Physics and Chemistry M. Abdur Rahman, M.A., Professor of Persian and English L- Sada Nand, M.A., Professor of Mathematics M. Muhammad Akram, Professor of Persian and Arabic India— Missionaries and Workers. 219

Pandit Hari Chand, Shastri, Profes­ sor of Sanskrit (on leave) Pandit Durga Datt, Shastri, Offg. Professor of Sanskrit M. Barkat Ali, B.A., Assistant Pro­ fessor of Mathematics The Boys’ High School1— The Rev. and Mrs. E. L. Porter Indian Staff— Headmaster— B. Samuel, Esq., B.A. Christian Teachers, 7; non-Christian, 34

SANGLA HILL

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. A. B. Caldwell, the Rev. and Mrs. F. N. Crawford, Miss K. A. Hill, Miss E. M. Min- ger Indian Workers— School Teachers— Christian, 15; non-Christian, 8 Other Workers, 7 The Girls’ Boarding School— Miss F. J. Jameson Indian Staff— Christian Teachers, 4

SARGODHA

The District— The Rev. J. A. McConnelee, the Rev. and Mrs. R. E. Ayers, Miss E. D. Anderson, Miss A. L. Cleland Indian Workers— Pastors— The Rev. Mangu Mall, „Sakesar The Rev. Labhu Mall, 1st Sargodha Remount Depot The Rev. Faqira Mall, 2nd Sargodha Remount Depot The Rev. Chetu Mall, Sargodha Pastor Elect— The Rev. Mallu Chand, Chak 74 Evangelists— The Rev. H. D. Salik, the Rev. I. D. Shahbaz, the Rev. Farman Din Bible Women'— Miss Stowell and one other School Teachers— Christian, 12 Other Workers, 8 The General Hospital— Miss Winifred Heston, M.D. Indian Staff— Hospital Assistant- -Daniel McAuley Bible Woman— Mrs. David Nurse, 1 Bhera Dispensary— Miss Winifred Heston, M.D. Indian Staff—Hospital Assistant- -Miss Prem Masih Bible Woman— Miss Aldridge Compounder, 1

SIALKOT

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. W. M. McKel- vey, Miss Henrietta Moore, Miss M. E. Beatty Indian Workers— Pastors— The Rev. Gulam Masih, Chawinda The Rev. Karm Dad, Bawa Lakhan School Inspector— Mathias School Teachers— Christian, 11; non-Christian, 10 Other Workers, 17 220 India— Missionaries and Workers.

The City— The Rev. E. E. Campbell, Miss Eliz­ abeth McCahon Indian Workers^Pastor— The Rev. Gulam Masih, Sialkot Bible Woman— Mary Anna School Teachers, 5 The Christian Training Institute— The Rev. T. E. Holliday, D.D. Indian Staff— Headmaster— Maula Bakhsh, Esq., B.A. Christian Teacher, Bazliel; non-Christian, 9. . The Girls’ Boarding School— Miss M. R. Martin, Miss R. B. Beat­ ty Indian Staff— Headmistress'— Miss R. Qutb ud Din Christian Teachers, 8; non-Christian, 2 The City Girls’ School— Miss M. R. Martin Indian Staff— Christian Teachers, 2; non-Christian, 4 The Boys’ High School— The Rev. E. E. Campbell Indian Staff— Christian Teachers, 5; non-Christian, 22 The Memorial Hospital1— Miss Maria White, M.D. Indian Staff— Sub-Assistant Surgeon— Miss Sonahli Singh Bible Women— Mrs. Zorah James, Nahali, Mrs. A. Shah Compounders, 2; Dresser, 1; Nurses, 9

ZAFARWAL

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. SL C. Picken, Miss L. B. Hamilton, Miss D. B. W hitely Indian Workers— Pastors— The Rev. Arura Mall, Chhima ' The Rev. David, Ainowali The Rev. Mulaim ud Din, Zafarwal Bible Woman1— Leah School Teachers— Christian, 16; non-Christian, 3 Other Workers, 10 Sytiod of the Punjab— Evangelists— The Rev. D. R. Gordon, D.D. 'i'he Rev. Mallu Chand

MISSIONARIES ON FURLOUGH

The Rev. and Mrs. W. B. Anderson The Rev. and Mrs. J. W. Ballantyne The Rev. J. S. Barr, D.D. Dr. and Mrs. M. M. Brown T h e Rev. and Mrs. J. G. Campbell The Rev. and Mrs. Osborne1 Ci owe Mrs. D. R. Gordon ' Mrs. T. E. Holliday Mrs. A. E. McClure Mrs., J. A . McConnelee Miss Hazel 'Bennett Miss L. S. Brotherston • Miss H. M. Cowden Miss E. G. Gordon Miss N. A.' Hadley .Miss F. C. Martin Miss J. B. Morrison 'India-—Siatistical Summary. -221

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

For the Year Ending December 31st, 1913

I. F I E L D

Number of square miles ...... 24,223 Total population ...... S,433,og5 Total number of cities ...... 35 Total number of villages ...... 9,339 Number of cities and villages in which there are Christians 1,524 Total Christian community, including members, adher­ ents, baptized children and catechumens ...... , 58,034 N et increase in Christian community in 1913 ...... 3,794

II. WORKERS

AM ERICAN— Ordained Missionaries ...... 23 Layman Missionary ...... 1 Married Women Missionaries 1.9 Unmarried Women Missionaries ...... 33 Medical Missionaries, Women ...... 3 Short Term Teachers ...... 3 Short Term Missionary Nurse ...... 1

Total Americans at work on the field ...... 83

INDIAN— Ordained Ministers ...... 38 Licentiates ...... 15 Theological Students ...... 16 Colporteurs ...... 5 Bible Women ...... 27 Christian Teachers ...... 222 Medical Assistants ...... 29 Other Christian Workers ...... 117 Non-Christian Teachers ...... 205.

Total number of Indian Workers ...... 674

Total number of workers, American and Indian 757

III. CHURCH

INDIAN MINISTERS—Pastors ...... 23 Missionary of the Synod . . 1 Evangelist of the Synod... 1 Professor in the Seminary.. 1 Bible Teacher ...... x Evangelists ...... 8 Post Graduate Student __ 1 In Business ...... 2

Total ...... 38 222 India— Statistical Summary.

Ministers ordained in 1913 ...... 3 Pastors installed ...... 4 Students licensed ...... 7 Organized congregations ...... 54 Congregations organized in 1913 ...... 1 Congregations having pastors ...... 30 Pastoral charges ...... 53 Unorganized circles ...... 102 Other places where services are held ...... 351 Total membership ...... ; ...... 31,631 Increase by Profession ...... 1,464 “ certificate and restoration ...... 3,976

5,440 Decrease by death ...... 431 “ removal and suspension ...... 2,903

3,334 Net increase in 1913 ...... 2,106 Number of adult baptisms ...... 1,163 infant baptisms ...... 1,483

Total baptisms ...... 2,646 Contributions from the Indian Church to Missions ... $658 Pastors’ salaries •...... 2,323 Synod and Presbytery funds ...... 224 General purposes ...... 1,940

Total contributions of Indian Church to church work $5,145 Special gifts ...... 458 Paid from Mission Treasur\r toward Church and Evangelistic work ...... 8,982 Number of self-supporting congregations ...... 29

IV. SABBATH SCHOOLS

Number of Sabbath-schools ...... 147 “ teachers ...... 266 “ pupils ...... 5.646 Contributions ...... $351

V. YOUNG PEOPLE’S SOCIETIES

Number of societies ...... 32 “ members ...... 754 Contributions ...... $106

VI. WOMEN’S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES

Number o f societies ...... 26 Contributions ...... $337 India—S'tatistical Summary. 223

VII. SCHOOLS

Theological Seminary ...... 1 College ...... 1 High Schools for boys ...... 3 “ “ for girls ...... 1 Middle Schools for boys ...... 4 for girls ...... 3 Industrial School for boys ...... 1 “ “ for girls ...... 1 Primary Schools for boys ...... 174 “ “ for girls ...... 13

Total number of schools ...... 202 Number of students in the Theological Seminary __ 17 Number of students in the College (including those who appeared in F. A. and B. A. examinations).. 166 Number of boys in High School...... 3,330 “ girls in High School ...... 74

Total number of pupils in H igh Schools ...... 3,404 Number of boys in Middle Schools ...... 993 “ girls in Middle Schools ...... 819

Total number of pupils in Middle Schools ...... 1,812 Number of boys in Industrial School ...... 71 “ girls in Industrial School ...... 150

Total number of pupils in Industrial Schools .... 221 Number of boys in Primary Schools ...... 5,208 “ girls in Primary Schools ...... 789

Total number of pupils in Primary Schools .... 5,997 Total number of pupils in all Schools ...... 11,617 Total number Christian pupils in all Schools ...... 3,241 Number of teachers, men ...... 358 “ “ women 69

Total number of Indian teachers ...... 427 Missionaries engaged chiefly in Educational Work, Men ...... 7 Women ...... 7 Short term teachers ...... 3

Total number of Missionaries in School work ...... 17 Total number of teachers, American and Indian 444 Total expenditure on Schools ...... $73,247 Income from fees ...... 16,432 Government aid ...... 14,855 Industrial earnings ...... 8,344 Special Gifts ...... 5,334

$44,965

Total paid from Mission Treasury towards Schools, 1913 $28,282 ./ndia— Statistical Summary.

VIII.' MEDICAL WORK

Number o f hospitals ...... 4 Number of beds ...... 178 Number o f In-pati.ents ...... 1,420 Number of operations, major ...... 204 Number of operations, minor ...... 1,351

Total number of operations ...... 1,555 Number of dispensaries ...... 7 Number of Out-patients, new ...... 48,827 ♦ Number of Out-patients, return visits ...... 74,933

Total attendance at Dispensaries ...... 123,760 Total Expenditure on Medical Work ...... $12,300 Income from fees ...... $1,286 Government Aid ...... 1,042 Special Gifts ...... 720 : $3,048

Total paid from the Mission Treasury ...... $9,252

IX. ZENANA WORK

Number of Bible women ...... 1 , ...... 27 Number of Zenana visits...... 11,406 Number of Hindu and Mohammedan women under in­ struction ... i ...... 557 Total expenditure ...... $1,795 Income from Special Gifts and Sale of Books ...... 358

Total-paid from the Mission Treasury ...... $ i,437

X. READING ROOM AND BOOK WORK

Number of reading rooms ...... 5 Number of Colporteurs ...... 5 Number of Bibles and portions sold ...... 5,457 Number of other books sold ...... 4,231 Total expenditure ...... $M 39 Income from sales ...... $423 Income from Special Gifts ...... 47 Granted from Mission Treasury ...... 669

XI. BUILDINGS

Dwelling houses for workers «rected in 1913 ...... 1 Parsonages ...... 3 School buildings ...... 2 Total cost of buildings erected in 1913 ...... $15,7/8 India— Statistical Summary. 225

XII. FINANCIAL SUMMARY

Amount received from the Indian Church and people— For church work ...... $5,145 For school work ...... 24,776 For medical work ...... 1,286 For book work ...... 413

$31,620 India— 6"tatistical Summary. India— Statistical Summary.

STATISTICAL SUMMAKY BY DISTRICTS, INDIA, 1913. > b, c 0 OJ CO

Ê g 'S (0 a. a Ï C

- « P tu 0 D i s t r i c t s M a 0 tu u T3 a a a o • « H en U ■c & T) 1 o

OJ Societies N ’•C.2 ! e ’5 OJ « A u 1 ^ Work Other Other Church Workers

o Membership «3 Increase by Profession Net Net Increase Adult Adult Baptisms Infant Infant Baptisms Christian Christian Community Total Total Indian Contributions to Church Sabbath Sabbath Schools Membership in Sabbath Schools Members in Young People’s Total Total Enrolment Enrolment : Christian Boys Enrolment : Christian Girls Industrial School Earnings Fees Reading Rooms Bible Women Book Sales | Schools Christian Teachers Government Aid Colporteurs Non-Christian Non-Christian Teachers | | Missionaries | | Native Ordained Missionaries ------| | Young People’s Societies Gujranwala . . . 13 7 4 14 7 1 3,000 365 Rs. Rs. Rs. 158 251 206 6,312 Rs. 1,740 Rs. 6 475 1 30 2,847 410 171 8,521 24,716 4 Gurdaspur . . . 4 4 6 6 8 6 2,047 89 37 40 46 8,844 86 *119 89 107 3,744 1,022 1 2 210 3 32 820 163 15 1 192 Jhelum . . . 5 1 59 21 12 20 2,817 1,783 1 1 6 1 22 14 7 6 84 374 2 150 2 35 6 701 8 1 17 2,607 2 30 Khangah Dogran 4 3 7 3 2 1,446 87 7 l ,51h 21 73 124 2,983 1 234 22 359 9 134 18 422 227 51 22 1 288 509 1 Lyallpur . . 4 2 6 10 3 1 2,060 48 76 46 40 3,806 1,010 2 190 210 69 4 4 183 1 Pasrur . . . 7 3 17 11 6 8,769 324 6 8 1,396 324 426 16,155 1,453 17 463 4 120 24 1,134 309 167 28 12 176 316 2,200 4 Pathankot . . . 7 1 8 7 1 301 46 32 41 39 656 657 3 173 4 90 8 338 17 64 10 4 3,151 2,129 1 1 217 Rawalpindi . . . 11 2 2 14 1 1 248 22 11 18 16 413 1,727 500 2 25 8 2,136 57 12 16 43 19,929 16,895 1 3’ 2 644 Sangla Hill . . . 7 19 3,014 48 8 ! *602 48 198 6,051 810 i 17 450 18 377 128 82 19 8 386 148 Sargodha 6 8 2 13 8 7 4,005 46 00 57 : 1 10 59 8,017 3,261 n 9 924 12 376 245 68 12 12 2 4 1 15 Sialkot . . . 11 3 10 25 8 3 4,495 295 . . I 1,140 184 116 7,637 1,341 41 1,272 7 288 26 2,344 436 265 35 47 11,410 9,435 5 1 65 Zafarwal 4 3 11 3 2 2,161 68 *70 48 146 4,829 7-33 480 412 1 Synod’s Home 18 19 181 87 17 3 643 Mission . . . 1 1 26 4 *8 4 1 ! 47 13 Grand Total . . i!3 Î 8 iil 149 64 5J9 31,631 1,464 2,106 1,163 1,483 58,034 15,435 Rs. 147 5,646 32 754 202 11,617 2,250 991 222 205 49,297 25,032 44,565 527 5 1,268

* Decrease

1 3th Annual Report

O F T H E

American United Presbyterian Mission

IN

T H E SUDAN

FOR THE YEAR 1913 A TYPICAL NUER, EGYPTIAN SUDAN. Note the splendid face and form. Are not these people worth our best efforts? Sudan— Introduction. 231

INTRODUCTION.

BY THE REV. G. A. SOWASH. The year 1913 may be termed a year of peace in the Sudan Mission. It has been a year of quiet growth along almost every line. There has been a distinct gain in the Christian life of the Evangelical Church. No great advance in numbers can be re­ corded, but that a much better spirit prevails among the members of the church is evident on every hand. Not only has there been no quarreling, but the brethren seem to realize more than for­ merly their obligations one toward the other as well as that to­ ward their Lord. This state of things is most refreshing after the stormy months of the preceding year. The one incident which ruffled the tide of the year’s work was the closing of the Mission store at Doleib Hill. This we can only interpret as a severe blow at the Mission work as the Gov­ ernment had absolutely nothing to gain by closing a work which was helpful to the people and in no way interfered with the law­ ful trading on the part of others. By means of this store thou­ sands of the people were brought into contact with the Mission every year, many of whom would not otherwise have come near the station. It was also a powerful agency in counteracting the baneful influence of the Mosldtn trader whose presence among the people can only be characterized as vicious. We feel that the Government has most unwisely played into the hands of the trader who is there solely for the purpose of exploiting the peo­ ple, much to their detriment but greatly to his gain. Having been on the ground for the past thirteen years as a Mission we may say without any qualification whatever that the Arab trader is distinctly not there for the good of the country. He is known among the people as a “Gallaba” (slave trader) which he was in former days and which he would be today were it not for the strong arm of the Government. His heart has not changed an iota and he would most greedily make the whole Black population of the Sudan a race of slaves as they practically were when he had undisputed sway over the land. Put this land in the power of the Arab trader today and tomorrow you would hear the clank of the chains of the slave gang as it made its way to market. The trader is sowing the seed of dishonesty, and deceit, and treachery broadcast over the entire land and it is taking root in the hearts of the Blacks and will soon bring forth its own blight­ ing harvest among them. We can easily understand why the trader does not want the missionary to teach the people the prin­ ciples of uprightness and honesty in business, and sobriety and purity in their daily lives, but we cannot understand why the Sudan— introduction.

Sudan Government does not want us to do this. Never have the Shilluk people seemed more friendly disposed toward the Mission than at the present time. The one great need is a physician. It is our belief that with a good doctor, permanently established at Doleib Hill, the people would come in large numbers. Dr. McLaughlin is still held in great reverence on the Sobat and we wish it might yet be possible for him to spend the rest of his life among the Shilluks. Abdulla, our first Shilluk convert, baptized last July, attributes his first desire to be a Christian to Dr. Mc­ Laughlin. We thank our God for the preservation of the lives of all the missionaries. At least two were apparently brought very near the gates of death. Mrs. McCreery was brought down from the upper Sobat and pronounced an almost hopeless case by the director of the Khartum Civil Hospital, but in the good provi­ dence of God she recovered sufficiently to be taken to the home land. Mrs. Lambie was also very ill at two different times, but at each time made a good recovery. Miss McIntyre has been unable for work for some months, but seems to be now on a fair way to recovery. We have had no trouble with teachers this year, which is a matter of much thanksgiving on the part of the missionary, as there is probably nothing that so saps the energies of the worker as worry and vexation over unfaithful and trou­ blesome teachers. Not all indeed have come to the full measure of their responsibility toward their pupils, but all have made an effort to uphold the work of the Mission. We also rejoice in the good fellowship that exists between the Church Missionary So­ ciety and our own. We are working side by side in full sympathy and harmony with each other. We have united with them in a monthly meeting of supplication for Missions. During the latter part of the year another Mission entered the Sudan and located its first station at Melut, which is about 106 miles north of Taufikia. It is reported that they intend to work toward the west and thus form a barrier between the Mo­ hammedan population and the heathen of the Sudan. This Mis­ sion is called the Sudan United Mission and is composed of four young men, one of whom is a medical man, all hailing from Aus­ tralia. Two other missions have at least made overtures to the Sudan Government with a view to undertaking work, viz.: the Pentecostal Mission with headquarters in the Faiyum, Egypt, and the Holiness Mission, having headquarters in Assiut, Egypt. A representative of the latter was here while this report was in process of writing. Three other workers from Toronto-, Canada, arrived during the latter days of December. They consisted of Mr. and Mrs. Parkes and Mr. Hewstone and belong to what is known as the Reformed Plymouthites. They are laymen. They proposed to take up work in the province of Kordofan, but were refused permission to do mission work there by the Government. After remaining in Khartum for a short time Mr. Hewstone went to Melut with the purpose of offering himself to the Mis­ Sudan— Introduction. ^33

sion there. The remaining two continued in Khartum until the departure of Dr. and Mrs. Lambie for Nasser, when they accom­ panied them as helpers on the journey. Air. Parkes was a sailor in earlier life and is a bricklayer by trade, and Mrs. Parkes has had some training as a nurse. They may prove very helpful on the journey as well as after arrival at the Mission station. The ■attitude of the Government seems unchanged toward mission work among Mohammedans. Gordon College is as much pro- Moslem as ever. We have noted an almost entire absence of fanaticism among the Sudanese this year. What little bigotry has been displayed has come from the Egyptian Moslems resident in the Sudan. Financially there has not been much improve­ ment in the country. The rains during last season almost failed in many parts of the Sudan and in other parts were quite insuffi­ cient to mature a crop of the grain of the country, consequently there is much suffering among the people, owing to high price of grain. The present price is just three times the ordinary price. Thousands of the poorer classes are without work. The Gov­ ernment has only recently imported from India a quantity of grain, but up to the present this is being sold at reduced prices only to the Sudanese employed in government service. Many bankruptcies have occurred during the year among the merchants. However since the beginning of 1914 there seems to be a slight imprevement in business, which is doubtless largely due to the general belief that the Government is about to contract a loan in England of $15,000,000, and with it undertake extensive irri­ gation works and railways. We trust that there will soon come some relief as the country has-been in a most deplorable condi­ tion commercially for the past four or five years. Personally we feel that the Sudan will this year show marked progress over last year. May it be a year of helpful growth along spiritual lines also. 234 ,9udan— Evangelistic Work.

EVANGELISTIC WORK.

BY THE REV. G. A. SOWASH.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of places where services were he ld ...... 12 Number of organized congregations ...... 1 Number of Native (Egyptian) ordained preachers ...... 1 Number of church members, men ...... 98 Number of church members, women ...... 80 — 178 Sabbath morning attendance, men ...... 246 Sabbath morning attendance, women ...... 201 447 Shilluk hearers in villages ...... 34 Shilluk hearers at workmen’s meetings ...... 28 62

509 Tctal contributions for church purposes ...... $2,332.06

NORTHERN SUDAN. It is a pleasure to report that the year 1913 has been a good year along evangelistic lines. Never has the attendance at the regular church services been so good nor has there ever been anything like the number in the Sabbath-school as during the lat­ ter part of the year. Peace has prevailed among the members of the church during the entire year. The presence of Rev. Ghubriel Mekhael had almost everything to do with the state of the church. He seemed to instil an enthusiasm into the people which they had not known before. They attended church regu­ larly, reorganized the Sabbath-school and came to the prayer meeting. They greatly improved the church building and then made out a most hearty call for him to become their piastor at a good salary and parsonage. While Rev. Ghubriel did not en­ courage them in this call (neither did he very distinctly dis­ courage them), they went forward very hopefully with the belief that he would finally be persuaded to become their pastor. At the end of the six months for which he came, or about the first of April, the Rev. Ghubriel went down to Egypt and in a short time it was rumored that he had received a call from one of the Cairo churches. Still hope ran high in the Khartum congregation that he would return to them, but it was a case of hope against hope and finally the word came that the Rev. Ghubriel had accepted the call from Cairo. The disappointment of the Khartum breth­ ren was pitiable. They felt hurt that their call had not been Sudan— Evangelistic JFork. 235 absolutely refused before another had been offered or seriously considered. They also felt rather hurt because at Synod almost every member of that body had opposed the acceptance of the call from Khartum, the only reason apparently being the purely selfish one that Egypt could not afford to spare such a good man for the work in the Sudan. We are glad to report that the brethren here showed most commendable pluck in almost at once setting about to secure someone to take the place offered to the Rev. Ghubriel. It so happened that Dr. Giffen was about to start on his furlough to America and expected to spend a short time in Egypt. He was commissioned by the congregation to do what he could toward the securing of a preacher for Khar­ tum. After spending two or three weeks in his search practi­ cally from one end of Egypt to the other he was able to make some valuable suggestions, which were acted upon at once, and a young licentiate just recently from the Seminary was asked to come and remain with the congregation for six months. The invitation was accepted and Mr. Zaki Shanoodi was soon on the field and hard at work. He has done good work and at the last meeting of the church committee was asked to remain for an­ other six months, which he has decided to do. By the expiration of that time the congregation hopes to call a pastor. We trust it may be guided to the right man. There seems to be a little more realization on the part of the young of the congregation of their responsibility toward the Sudanese whom they have thus far made no effort to .reach with the Gospel. The schools have been a good evangelistic agency inasmuch as they have been instru­ mental in bringing more than a hundred Moslem boys and girls to the church services. The congregation at Atbara is doing good work under the direction of the stated supply who is doing his best to secure money for a new church building which is much needed. The various other places where religious meetings have been held report about the same attendance as that of last year. It is much to be regretted that most of these places have not been visited by the missionary during the year, largely because of the pressure of the work in Khartum, Omdurman and Khartum North, but partly because of the lack of funds to meet the ex­ pense connected with a visit to these far-out stations. Most of these places are separated by such vast distances that the ex­ pense of reaching them is considerable. This emphasizes again the need of a river steamer by which many of these places could be visited as well as much other evangelistic work done among the dwellers along both banks of the river. The need for such a steamer on which the missionary might live for most of the year is more apparent as time passes. In no other way can we hope to do some of the work that ought to be done now. And in no other way can we so well forestall the work of the Arab trader or undo his baneful teaching among the people. The work at Khartum North has increased by leaps and bounds. The attendance seemed to reach high water mark for the year 236 Sudan— Evangelistic Work. about the end of December, when there were 162 persons present, at least one half of whom were Mohammedans. The majority of these were pupils from the schools, but among the number were quite a few Sudanese women who seemed to listen most atten­ tively. In no part of the mission work is there so much reason for encouragement as in the work in Khartum North and espe­ cially that in connection with the Girls’ Boarding School.

SOUTHERN SUDAN. The work in the southern part of the field has been greatly interrupted during the year. Much of the time there was but one missionary on the entire Sobat River at a time. Rev. and Mrs. McCreery and family were compelled to leave for America early in the year because of the very serious illness of Mrs. Mc­ Creery. Dr. Lambie was thus left alone at the Nasser Station. Mrs. Lambie and the children had remained at Doleib Hill, but the illness of their little girl made it seem best that Dr. Lambie should leave the station and rejoin his family. The station was left in charge of Abbas, who has proven very faithful. After a sojourn in Egypt, during which Mrs. Lambie and the children greatly improved in health, they returned to Khartum on their way back to Nasser. While preparations for the long journey of 800 miles up the river were in progress, Mrs. Lambie was suddenly taken ill and had to be removed to the hospital, where an operation was performed none too soon to save her life. By the special care of Dr. Christopherson, head of the Government civil hospital, to whose special kindness the .American Mission in this and other cases is greatly indebted, she experienced a rapid recovery and once more, early in October, they turned their faces southward, joyful in the expectation of soon taking up the work on which their hearts were set. They made the long journey in safety and reached their station apparently in the enjoyment of good health. But it did not seem to be the Lord’s will that they should begin their work at that time, for just as they were getting settled down in their huts and about ready to begin, Mrs. Lambie was again taken down with grave symptoms, which in a day or two proved quite clearly that she must soon undergo an operation for appendicitis. There seemed to be no other course than to return with all haste to Khartum, which was done and a second time Mrs. Lambie bravely faced the oper­ ating table and again by the skillful hand of Dr. Christopherson a most successful operation was performed. She made a splendid recovery and in a short time was able to leave the hospital. After a few weeks of rest in order to gain strength, much of which time was spent rather in preparation for the return journey than in rest, Mrs. Lambie was ready once more to turn in the direction of that great flaming cross in the southern heavens which seemed to beckon them on to the Nuer country to tell of another cross more glorious far. After such trials it would be easy to sym- NYIDOK, THE FIRST CHRISTIAN SHIU.UK. Sudan— Evangelistic Work. 237 pathize with an overpowering desire to return to home and mother and friends, but the Master’s call was heard above all other calls: “Arise and go toward the South,” the land of dark­ ness, the land of need, the land of spiritual death, but it is the land that calls for service and for life, and who shall say that it is not the land which leads to glory ? Both Dr. and Mrs. Lambie having put themselves and their children unreservedly in the Lord’s hands are ready to do His bidding wheresoever He may lead them. The Rev. D. S. Oyler reports from Doleib Hill as follows: “Services were held in the little mud chapel each Sabbath and the average attendance was 28. The attendance of little boys was very encouraging, and of the adults who attended less than one fourth were regular employees of the Mission. Services were also held in the nearby villages for nine months and the average attendance was 34. The work was very much handicapped by the shortage of workers. During three months I was absent, but for almost five months I had charge of all the other work of the station and was unable to do justice to my own department. Language study still receives much attention. Half the Gospel of John was revised and thus its usefulness was increased. Four of the Psalms have been translated and set to music and are used in the church services, another has been set to music but not yet learned by the people, and still two others have been translated. The people are fond of music. The little boys especially are very ready to sing and often remain after the service to practice. The favorite Psalm is the 23rd. A very considerable amount of material dealing with the religion and customs of the people has been collected and also much of their folk-lore. They have seemed freer to discuss their religion than formerly. It is with a feeling of deep gratitude to the Heavenly Father that we report the bap­ tism of “Nyidok,” the first Shilluk convert. It was very fitting that Dr. J. Kelly Giffen should baptize him, for it was he who in connection with Dr. H. T. McLaughlin began the work on the Sobat 13 years ago. At one time Nyidok leaned much toward Mohammedanism and was very generally known by the Arabic name Abdulla, but he requested that his Shulla name be used in the baptismal service as a bond to his own people. The service was very impressive and was witnessed by all the missionaries who had gathered for the annual meeting of Association, and by thirty-five natives. He has, so far not had to bear open oppo­ sition, as the Shilluks have not sought to propagate their religion by force, but he has many subtle temptations yet to meet. We trust the divine strength may be given to him to live the Christ life among his people. Sudan— Evangelistic Work.

SABBATH SCHOOLS.

B Y M IS S V. G. BRADFORD. In thinking of the Sabbath-schools and their influence in the Sudan one is impressed most of all with what is not being done— of the land which yet remaineth to be possessed. In Haifa there is no pastor and no regular church services. The faithful Syrian teacher in the Girls’ School gathers her chil­ dren together on Sabbath and teaches them the Word. The Sabbath-school in Atbara had an average attendance during the year of 15 men, 10 women, 8 boys and 6 girls. These are all Christians. The Moslems in this town have shown con­ siderable opposition to religious teaching and little effort has been made to get them to attend the meetings. Graded Sabbath-schools and graded lessons are goals to aim at. The usual type of Sabbath-school here is everyone in tlie same class and the lesson is delivered in the form of a sermon— sometimes a written one. If this sermon is adapted to the grown folk and is in “High Arabic,” the children are apt to grow rest­ less and the boys especially mischievously active. Last year the boys from the Boys’ Home in Khartum ceased attending the meeting at the church and were divided into two classes at home. A number of day boys are now attending and the school is doing good work. Recently I visited the Sabbath-school in the Khartum church. The singing was excellent. After the opening exercises the pas­ tor came to the women’s side of the church and took charge of their class. The eight women present could all read. Most of them have attended our mission schools in Egypt. They read the lesson verse about and it was explained verse by verse. Being a long lesson it was not finished in the hour. There was no cen­ tral theme, no definite purpose, no leading lesson, no present-day application. There may have been twenty men present— I could not see. The children ran in and out of the church and moved about at their own pleasure. In Omdurman the Sabbath-school consists of boys from the day school. They go and stay as long as the teacher wishes to keep them. Memory work, singing and the lesson cover about two hours of time. The teacher is no time server, though his zeal is not perhaps according to knowledge. A Sabbath-school for girls has been maintained in Khartum North since the opening of the school in 1908. A class for boys depended largely on the interest and consecration of the Boys’ School teacher. In August of this year, with Sabbath-school cards as bait, the teacher started his class. It was well attended by Moslems and Christians. In the autumn a language teacher-for missionaries was se­ cured from Egypt. One day while reading the Sabbath-school lesson he said to his missionary pupil, “Why do you not have the Sudan— Evangelistic Work. 239 men and women come to Sabbath-school ? It will be very good if the people study these lessons.” “Will you take the men’s class?” he was asked. He became Superintendent as well as Bible Class teacher. The boys all came to the Rose Harden Chapel instead of meeting in their own building and the attend­ ance grew from 66 to 139. The school was divided into seven classes— four for girls, one for boys, one for men and one for women. Just after the women began to attend some of them asked to be taught to read, also for instruction that they might unite with the church. Two of these women offered to sew for the school girls in payment for their lessons. A number of Su­ danese women attend the Sabbath-school and they listen eagerly to the teacher. It is all new to them and they seem so hungry to hear. A number of little girls came who had to stay home during the week to take care of babies. Several of them through the Sabbath-school have been brought into the day school. A small beginning has been made in Sabbath-school work, but the eye of faith sees an abundant harvest. It could be gar­ nered now had we the time, the strength and the workers to keep the good work going. 240 Sudan— Educational Work.

EDUCATIONAL WORK.

BY MISS ELSIE E. GROVE.

Number of schools for boys ...... 4 Number of schools for girls ...... 2 6 Number of teachers in boys’ schools ...... Number of teachers in girls’ schools ...... 67 13 Number of pupils enrolled— Boys ...... 342 Girls ...... 204 — 546 Of the above there were— Protestants ...... 42 Copts ...... 186 Moslems ...... 258 Others ...... 60 546 Amount of fees for instruction and boarding ,$1,427.50

By comparing with last year’s report we find that, though we have in our schools more Moslems than last year, yet not quite half of the pupils are Moslems. The Copts in many ways, however, seem just as needy as the Moslems, and the reader will notice what a large percentage we have of the two. When we remember that all of these are taught the Bible as regularly as any other branch of study, also that many of these attend the church services, and recall the promise that “My Word shall not return unto Me void,” we begin to realize what a mighty work our schools are doing in spite of many discouragements.

BOYS’ SCHOOLS. The Boys’ Schools number one less than last year, the school at Wad Medani having been closed that the Colporteur might have full time at selling and distributing Scriptures and tracts. Our Omdurman School, the smallest school, which may be partially accounted for by the well-equipped Government school located very near it, is kept open under great difficulties. There were not sufficient funds available to employ a teacher, and rather than see our pupils go to the Government school, a young inex­ perienced Egyptian was given charge of the school for an in­ definite time for the tuitions which could be gotten from those attending. There is no need of comment on the teacher whose services could be thus obtained when we tell you that the tuitions for the year amounted to about thirty-six dollars. Later as a stimulant to greater effort he was offered a salary increasing proportionately with the number of Moslem boys he succeeded in getting into the school, and we are glad to say he has been Sudan-Educational Work. 241 gathering in quite a few ; he deserves commendation for his faithful efforts, and we are glad to report that the school is holding its own. The other schools have had their usual encouragements and discouragements. The teachers are endeavoring to do faithful service, but with poor equipment and crowded conditions it oft- times seems very discouraging. Again we would appeal for funds which will give us the men, rooms and equipment neces­ sary for work, so far-reaching as the educational work promises to be, as well as a missionary force sufficient to carry on the other work and superintend these schools.

THE BOYS’ HOME, KHARTUM. Total number of boarders ...... 47 Free boarders ...... 43 Paying boarders ...... 4 Protestant Christians ...... 0 Copts ...... L...... 6 Moslems ...... 40 Other ...... •...... 1 Boarding fees ...... $48

If the reader could only look into some of these homes (shall I say?)— would that they were homes, but since they are not that and are so far from it that it would be useless for me to try to tell you of the filth, immorality and wickedness to be found there — he would then understand something of how much more effica­ cious will be the training and teaching gotten in a home like this Boys’ Home than is that received in the day schools; for in this, after a day in the school room, they do not go to a den of wicked­ ness but into a good Christian home where every influence is up­ lifting and where the training does not stop at four o’clock. During the year 47 boys have come under the influence of this Home; some have gone out from it, but the end of the year finds 34 in the Home, six sevenths of whom are Moslems, and are almost entirely free boarders. This year several have had to be refused admittance because there are now more in the Home than the appropriation will cover. During the year a number of these boys have been working under the direction of a good Christian carpenter, thus learning a trade which will help them to earn an honest living when they go out from the Home. They are to be commended on the work they have done. We trust that next year none will have to be turned away. Mr. Smith says, “The people are very poor this year because of the high cost of dura, the native grain, and so more ready to give us their children. Whatever their motives, we are glad to have the boys, for none leaves without some knowledge of the Bible truths. Pray very earnestly that all who have been and who are brought under the influence of the Gospel by the Home may never forget these teachings and may have no peace till they 242 Sudan— Educational Work. have received Christ as their Savior. We bespeak for this Home your most earnest prayers and your heartiest co-operation and support.”

HALFA GIRLS’ SCHOOL.

Number of teachers ...... 2 Number of girls ...... 48 Number of boys ...... 17

T o ta l ...... 65 Amount of fees received ...... $211.00 We have great reason to be encouraged when we get the re­ ports from this school. By comparison it will be noticed that the number of pupils has almost doubled since last year. The teacher here is a very competent woman and a woman respected by both the Egyptians and the English, and in the short time she has been here has done a great work, and that with little or no supervision by a mis­ sionary. ShQ tells us that when she began work the girls in school could not say anything without an oath attached to it and that now this has entirely disappeared. A little incident which happened recently may give some idea what is being done here. Sitt Zahea tells us of a little boy who had such a temper his mother could do nothing with him. He was continually tormenting and fighting with his sisters and getting into such a rage that he would say he was going to drink gas and kill himself. As a last resort his mother sent him to Sitt Zahea to see what she could do with him. She talked with him for a while and then prayed with him. He went home and told his mother it was all finished, he would not do it any more, add­ ing, “I do not want to die and go to the bad place.” The girls are being taught plain sewing and how to plan and make their own dresses. During the year one of the girls has been made an assistant teacher.

THE GIRLS’ BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL, KHARTUM NORTH.

Total number of boarders enrolled ...... 56 Total number of day pupils ...... 100

Total ...... 156 Free boarders ...... 43 Paying boarders ...... 13 Free day pupils ...... 15 Paying day pupils ...... 85 Religions— Protestant Christians ...... 14 Copts ...... 45 M o s le m s ...... 86 Others ...... •...... 6 Jewish ...... 5 Sudan— Educational Work. 243

Nationalities— Sudanese . 52 Egyptians . Syrians ... Abyssinians 5 Amount of tuitions received $27148 Boarding fees received 288.70 There have been so many encouraging things in the work of our school that we scarce know what we should embody in our report. More girls are coming to us than ever before, and that with­ out our going out to gather them in. I feel safe in saying that, had we the room, equipment and workers, we could enroll twice that number next year. This year we have been forced to turn some away, and would have had to send many more away had we not employed a fifth teacher, and that without the money in sight to pay her salary, but we are trusting for the money. It is so hard to turn them aAvay. One Moslem father was bringing his little girl of four years in the morning and coming for her in the evening. She often cried a great part of the day and when we told him she was too little to come and for him to keep her at home, he said, “Please, try her longer. I do not want her play­ ing on the streets. I want her among civilized people.” And she is still coming. Over half of our girls are Moslems and we are sure that the faithful sowing of the Word day by day will yield an abundant harvest. Our teachers are very faithful in teaching the Bible and many of the girls have learned to love the period of Bible study more than any other, and the result is evident in their lives. One girl, the daughter of a Mohammedan woman who is at the head of all the Marissa shops in a village near us, a most unpromising girl when she came to the school, sat with tears streaming down her cheeks during the Bible lesson on the cruci­ fixion of Christ, and is now very triumphant in her faith. When asked one day in the Christian girls’ prayer meeting if she would be afraid to tell her parents of her faith in Christ, she said, “No,” and when asked what she would do should they shut her up and not allow her to return to us, she answered triumphantly, “I would pray.” This girl broke one of the other girls’ crochet hooks one day when no one saw her, so could easily have denied it; but when asked if she had done it said, “I will not tell a lie, I did it, and I will buy you another one.” During the year six of our girls have made profession of faith and united with the church: one of them, a Moslem, was baptized and married an Abyssinian Christian shortly afterward. It might be of interest to know that this girl is the Zainab men­ tioned in Dr. Watson’s book, “The Sorrow and Hope of the Egyptian Sudan.” She is now living with her husband in ©m- durman near the C. M. S.* School, where she goes in the morn­ * Church Missionary Society. 244 Sudan— Educational JVork.

ing for a Bible lesson and in the afternoon for sewing. Every Sabbath she and her husband attend church. She keeps her home very clean and tidy, and they are very happy. Two more of our girls who were with us a shorter time and younger than Zainab have been married during the year. These two, according to custom, are obliged to remain in the house a year after their marriage. One of these cried every day to re­ turn to school. The other one was very eager to return and once well concealed with her tobe she came with her mother under cover of the darkness to make a little call upon us. The little prayer meeting started for the Christian girls and which only those who wished attended, has now grown until quite a number attend and frequently there are as many Moslems present as Christians. A number of these desire baptism and class themselves as Christians. Twenty of the girls have mem­ orized the Helen Gould list of Bible verses and received the Bibles offered by her. The day the Bibles were presented is a day long to be remembered. Each girl arose when called upon without knowing what part she would be asked to say, and in the pres­ ence of over one hundred people recited most creditably to her­ self and her teachers the portion of Scripture assigned to her. And I have never seen anyone happier than were these girls in the possession of their Bibles. How their faces shone! It was a sight worth seeing and one long to be remembered. The only thing to cast a shadow over it was the fact that three of the day girls, Moslems, who memorized them would not receive Bibles, for they did not even dare let their parents know they had mem­ orized them or they would have been taken from school. One great blessing we wish to note is the fact that we have had very little sickness as compared with the year previous. Some of our girls have learned to sew very nicely and dur­ ing the year have made about 300 of their own garments. The gratitude shown by the Sudanese parents is a source of great encouragement. One sheikh whose daughter was with us in school until her marriage, has brought us three girls and was making arrangements to bring two more whom we had to refuse for lack of room. Another sheikh said he was praying for a daughter that he might send her to our school. This man has lost seven children, five of them grown sons. A little daughter is all he has now, and he says as soon as she is large enough he will send her to us. The church service was continued through the year with the exception of June and part of July, and we are glad to report increasing numbers at these services. The preaching was done by Dr. Giffen, Mr. Sowash, the teachers of the boys’ schools, and the language teachers of the missionaries. There were 43 serv­ ices held during the year with an average attendance of 97, al­ most double that of last year. Could we get into the homes of these people it would be but a short time until we could have the Rose Harden Chapel crowded at each service. Sudan— Book Department. 245

BOOK DEPARTMENT.

BY THE REV. P. J . SMITH.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of scriptures from shop ...... 125 Number of scriptures sold by Colporteur ...... 134 259 Total value o f scriptures sold ...... $48.08 Total value of educational and religious books ...... 179.83 Total value of stationery ...... 50.86

$278.77 The above figures show that something in the line of a book­ shop exists here. The number of scriptures sold means that there must be some desire to have the Word of God. Perhaps with some the desire is only for the sake of appearance, but why should we think of the least worthy reasons? Is it not possible that in many of the homes into which these have gone there exists the desire to know and to do God’s will ? At any rate God, who gave us this precious Word, has the hearts of men so in control that He can use the printed page, purchased with whatever motive, to bring salvation to those who read it. Let us who know its power pray that it may be the instrument by means of which the love of Christ may be made known to many. In addition to the Scrip­ tures many school books and some stationery was sold as well as quite a number of religious books, the latter being a very high type of Arabic literature. So through the use of these books we pray that there may come the desire to read God’s Word and that eventually it will find its way into every home in the Sudan. We might add in this connection that the colporteur Scander Hanna has been working during the greater part of the year in the Blue Nile region and the fact that he has sold over a hundred copies of the Scriptures in a country that is almost entirely Mo­ hammedan is worthy of note. He has at the same time con­ ducted regular services at Wad Medani during most of the year. 246 Sudan— Medical Work.

MEDICAL WORK

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of physicians ...... 2 Number of clinic treatments 7452 Number of house visits ----- 175 Total receipts from patients .. $348.67 Christians ...... 544 Moslems ...... 1272 Jews ...... 36 Shilluks, Nuers, Dinkas, &c. 5775 7627

There has been no lack of patients in the medical department this year, but there has been a great lack of doctors. Owing to sickness and the study of the language as well as to many other interruptions both the doctors of the Mission were prevented from devoting more than a small part of their time to the medical work. Nevertheless quite a good showing has been made, all things considered. Probably no year since the be­ ginning of the Mission on the Sobat has been so favorable for medical work as the past year, but no physician was available except for a very short time. Yet notwithstanding this Mr. Oyler writes that for nine months of the year there was an aver­ age clinic attendance of at least 15 patients daily. The industrial and ordained missionaries did the best they could for these pa­ tients, but such medical aid is far from satisfactory and prevents growth. Dr. Lambie spent two months at the Hill and his serv­ ices were very much appreciated, but after his departure the need was felt all the more. The opening of the new station at Nasser and the unrest in the country to the south decreased the number of patients coming from a distance. Doleib Hill offers a good field for a consecrated physician. Pray that someone may be led of God to devote his life to this needy field. Following are the reports of Drs. Lambie and Magill. Sudan— Medical Work. 247 KHARTUM NORTH.

BY DR. H. R. MAGIIX.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY. Number of Doctors ...... 1 Nurses ...... •...... 0 “ Patients ...... 1,852 "... Dispensary patients ...... 1,677 “ House visits ...... 175 “ Males ...... 986 “ Females ...... 866 “ Christians ...... 544 “ Moslems ...... '...... 1,272 “ Jews ...... 36 Receipts on appropriation ...... $450.96 Receipts in fees ...... $185.07

During 1913 the medical work at Khartum North was con­ fined “by act of Association” to two hours of work a day, in order to afford time for language study. This arrangement enabled the doctor to complete a little morethan the course in Arabic laid down by the Egyptian Association for its doctors; but it prohibited advance along medical lines. Another drawback was the waste of time and energy entailed by an hour’s ride on horse­ back in the hot sun, traveling daily between our residence in the west end of Khartum and the dispensary at Khartum North Centre. In spite of these and other unfavorable conditions a good deal of lasting value was accomplished. The proportion of Sudanese continually increases. Some of the patients were from the households of Arabs of some importance. One very satis­ factory case was the daughter of the sheikh of a nearby village. Fees have been practically abolished so far as ordinary na­ tives are concerned, because the price of native food has gone so high that many of the people have all they can do to procure sufficient food for themselves and families. Wages have also gone down considerably. In October we learned that it would be possible to build a kitchen and store-room of mud brick beside the house, up to that time used for the dispensary, and thereby make it fit for the phy­ sician’s residence. This was done and on Saturday, December 13th, we moved into our new residence. The dispensary is now conducted in two of five rooms originally intended to accommo­ date in-patients. These rooms are about fifty yards to the west of our residence. Two of the remaining three rooms were fitted to receive in-patients. In the few weeks that have passed since we came over here to live the daily attendance at the dispensary has nearly doubled, we therefore anticipate a prosperous year. 248 Sudan■—Medical Department. NASSER STATION.

BY DR. T. A. LAMB1E. Months in which medical work was done 3V2 Number of dispensary treatments ...... 2400 Receipts ...... $163.60

Sickness in the missionary’s family has prevented much time being spent at the Station. Work was practically started in March, 1913. The necessity of building a house kept the mis­ sionary from devoting all but a small part of his time to the med­ ical work even while he was at Nasser. Dr. Lambie reports the following little incident which re­ freshed his heart: “A Nuer boy named Pok came to me while I was at Doleib Hill waiting to go to Nasser. He wished some medicine for the sickness which was sapping his life. The medicine was expen­ sive. I asked him, ‘How will you pay me for this?’ ‘When you go to Nasser I will give you an ox.’ I agreed, hardly expecting him to keep his word. I gave him food and a little money as he was far from home. In due time we went to Nasser, but in the meantime he had partially recovered from his sickness and had helped me on several occasions at considerable inconvenience to himself. I had determined not to charge him anything. He brought me an ox one day. ‘No,’ I said, ‘my heart is satisfied and I do not want it. He went away and talked to his father and then came back and said, ‘No, you must take it because I prom­ ised.’ I learned afterwards that it was the only thing the young man had and he had prized it so much that he was called ‘Red Ox’ instead of his ordinary name, ‘Ashes.’ Two months later I found occasion to give him a small ox, but he had not expected it and I think I can say that he gave his all that he might be made whole.” DR. LAMBIE AND HIS DISPENSARY ON THE BANK OF THE SOBAT RIVER AT NASSER IN THE SUDAN. Sudan— Industrial Work. 249

INDUSTRIAL WORK.

The industrial work of the Boys’ Home, Khartum, has been conducted along the same lines as those of last year. Four boys have been under instruction in carpentry most 'of the year and they have made fair progress. Mr. Vincenzo De Stefano, the Italian carpenter under whose immediate care they have been during the year, has certainly done his best for them. He has been most patient with them and very painstaking in his efforts to teach them the principles of proper carpentry, beyond which they can hardly be said to have gone. We hope this carpenter can be persuaded to remain with us as he has proven almost invaluable to the Mission during the past four or five years. We can scarcely expect to find another like him in this land. Mr. C. B. Guthrie reports from Doleib Hill as follows: “The most radical change in our work was caused by the closing of our store. This action of the Government virtually means that it prefers to have the people exploited by the unscru­ pulous traders rather than have them enjoy the fair dealing that the Mission always gave them. Wrhen our store was closed we sold on credit part of the goods we had to Ibrahim, an Armenian Christian who had worked for us as storekeeper. He opened a shop in Taufikia, the trading center of the country for many miles in every direction. Almost from the very beginning he took trade from the Arabs and soon had a larger cash trade than we ever had. This aroused the opposition of the others, but they could do nothing as he was no longer under the direction of the American Mission. This seems to prove most conclusively that the argument of the traders, echoed by the Government officials, that the American Mission was selling below what would be a legitimate trader’s profit is groundless. The only thing the Amer­ ican Mission store stood in the way of was extortionate profits, which especially in time of famine practically amounted to rob­ bery. It is abundantly evident that the Shilluks now appreciate what we have done for them through the store, for they are com­ ing continually and asking when it is to be reopened. The resi­ dence occupied by the Rev. Mr. Oyler was in such bad condition that extensive repairs were necessary. Part of the walls had to be rebuilt and the entire house reroofed. It is necessary at such times that the missionaries be masons and carpenters in order to get the work accomplished, but with the help of Nyidok and other Shilluk assistants the building was completed by the first of July. 250 Sudan— Industrial Work.

During part of this time the industrial missionary was the only white man at Doleib Hill, so it was necessary for him to be doc­ tor, preacher and everything else that missionaries must be when working alone. Because of these manifold duties the time given to strictly industrial work was much less than we would otherwise have given to it. When Mr. Oyler returned he took over part of the duties of the station and so more time was available for in­ dustrial work. This consisted largely in repairing fences and putting in concrete floors in buildings that previously had nothing but earthen floors. Also for several weeks before our departure on furlough we spent about six hours daily in the study of the language.” Sudan— Summary of Statistics. 251 SUMMARY OF STATISTICS, SUDAN, 1913.

WORKERS— Missionaries— Ordained ...... 4 Medical ...... 2 Industrial ...... 2 Unmarried women ...... 3 Wives of missionaries ...... 8 19 Teachers— Men ...... 6 Women ...... 7 *3 Evangelistic colporteur ...... 1 Missionaries of Synod, ordained and unordained ...... 3^

Total workers ...... 36

EVANGELISTIC— Total number of places where services are held ...... 12 Organized congregations ...... 1 Church members— Men ...... 98 Women ...... 80 178 Sabbath morning attendance— Men ...... 246 Women ...... 201 — r - 447 Hearers of the Word in Southern part of the Mission ...... 62

Total ...... , ...... 503 Total church contributions ...... $2,332.0!)

EDUCATIONAL— Schools for boys ...... 4 Schools for girls ...... 2 ^

Pupils— Boys ...... 342 Girls ...... 204 546 Fees for tuition ...... $1,138.80 Fees for boarding ...... 288.70 $1,427.50

MEDICAL— Patients treated ...... 7.627 House visits ...... 175 Receipts from patients ...... $348.67

PAID BY THE PEOPLE FOR ALL PURPOSES— Church contributions ...... $2,332.06 Educational ...... 1,427.50 Medical ...... 348.67.

Total, 1913 ...... $4,108.23 Total, 1912 ...... $2,768.17 252 Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries Names. Field. Entered Retired Died.

Acheson, Rev. J. W. Egypt 1912 Acheson, Mrs. Alice B. 1912 Adams, Rev. C. C. “ 1908 •Adams, Mrs. Nellie “ 1908 Alexander, Rev. J. R., D.D. “ 1875 Alexander, Mrs. Carrie “ 1876 Anderson, Rev.Wm. B.,D.D. India. 1897 1914 Anderson, Mrs. Mary B. i 4 1897 1914 Anderson, Rev. W. T. H 1891 Anderson, Mrs. Jean 1891 Oct. 3, 1892 Anderson, Mrs. Minnie C. « nee Parks.* Andrew, W. H. Trinidad. 1851 1851 Mar. 80, 1879 Andrew, Mrs. M 1851 1851 Ashenhurst, Rev. J. O. Egypt. 1887 1897 Ashenhurst, Mrs. Adella A. 1897 nee Brown.* Ayers, Rev. Ralph E. India. 1911 Ayeis, Mrs. Violet M. June 19, 1914 nee Scott.* Baird, Rev. J. W. Egypt. 1912 Baird, Mrs. Maude R. 1912 Ballantyne, Rev. J. W., D.D. India. 1895 Ballantyne, Mrs. Blanche C. “ 1895 Banks, Rev. Joseph Trinidad. 1843 1858 April 26,1859 ( Syria 1846 1854 Barnett, Rev. James, D.D. I Egypt. 1854 1875 Oct. 2, 1884 Barnett, Mrs. Margaret L. 1866 1875 Barr, Rev. James S., D.D. India. 1861 Barf, Mrs. Mary (C 1861 May 1, 1905 Bell, Prof. Chas. S. Egypt. 1907 Bell, Mrs. Myra L. “ 1907 Boyd, Rev. J. Howard ■« 1902 Boyd, Mre. Mary H. M 1902 Brandon, Rev.Wm. J., Ph.D. India. 1900 Sept. 21, 1911 Brandon, Mrs. H. Lillian “ 1900 1912 Brown, Montrose M., M.D. “ 1905 Brown, Mrs. Carrie M. “ 1905 Caldwell, Rev. A. B. « 1881 Caldwell, Mrs. Amelia M. “ 1881 Caldwell, Rev. R. W. Egypt. 1911 Caldwell, Mrs. Margaret T. 1911 Campbell, Rev. E. E. India. 1904 Campbell, Mrs. Grace “ 1904 April 6, 1910 Campbell, Rev. J. G. “ 1909 Campbell, Mrs. Mabel Y. “ 1909 Egypt. 1895 Carson, Rev. Ralph E. f \ The Sudan. 1902 1909 Carson, Mrs. Clifford The Sudan. 1902 1909 .Chambers, Rev. Hubert C. India. 1903 Chambers, Mrs. Ethel F. “ 1903 Clements, Rev. Ernest V. « 1912 Clements, Mrs. Sara E. U 1912 Coventry, Rev. Wm. R. Egypt. 1900 Coventry, Mrs. Lydia B “ 1900 Oct. 81, 1909 Crawford, Rev. Frank N. India. 1912 Crawford, Mrs. Kate E. << 1912

* Married in the M ission. See pp. 257-259. Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 253

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d . Names. Field. Entered. Retired. Died.

Crawford, Rev. John Syria. 1857 1878 1906 Crawford, Mrs. Mary B. “ 1857 1878 Crowe, Rev. Osborne India. 1896 Crowe, Grs. Sarah Jane “ 1896 Cummings,Rev.Thos.F.,D.D « 1890 1909 Cummings, Mrs. Anna A. It 1890 1909 Aug. 9, 1912 Currie, Rev. Ebenezer Egypt. 1865 Oct. 18, 1869 Currie, Mrs. Nettie 1865 March 9,1866 Ewing, Rev. S. C., D.D. «• 1860 April 3, 1908 Ewing, Mrs. Catharine A. “ 1860 Fife, Rev. Elmer E. India. 1890 1896 Fife, Mrs. Mary S. U 1890 1896 Finley, Harry L., M.D., Egypt. 1906 Finley, Mrs. Grace G. Egypt. 1906 Finney, Rev. Thos. J.. D.D. “ 1882 Finney, Mrs. Nannie McC. <« 1882 Frazier, Rev. James A. Syria. 1851 Aug. 30,1863 Frazier, Mrs. Elizabeth “ 1851 July 29, 1851 Frazier, Mrs. Johanna “ 1854 1863 Dec. 26, 1ÜU7 Galloway, Rev. Dalton Egypt- 1913 Galloway, Mrs. Estelle K. “ 1913 Giffen, Rev. Bruce J. “ 1903 1906 Giffen, Rev. E. Morrison - 1890 1907 Giffen, Mrs. Frances M. “ 1890 1907 Giffen, Rev. John, D.D. 1875 Giffen, Mrs. Mary E. Oct. 16, 1881 nee Galloway.* Giffen, Mrs Elizabeth E. nee Newlin.* f Egypt. 1881 1900 Giffen, Rev. J. Kelly, D.D. \ The Sudan. 1900 f Egypt. 1881 1900 Giffen, Mrs. Grace 1 Ih e Sudan. 1900 Gilmor, Rev. Wm. P. Egypt. 1912 Gordon, Rev. Andrew, D.D. India. 1855 Aug. 13, 1887 Gordon, Mrs. Rebecca C. “ 1855 1888 Feb. 6, 1900 Gordon, David Trinidad. 1843 Dec. 24,1844 Gordon, Mrs. “ 1843 1845 Gordon, Rev.David R., D.D. India. 1895 Gordon, Mrs. Grace W. “ 1895 Gordon, Mr. James W. “ 1866 1871 Gordon, Mrs. Eleanor J. « 1866 1871 Grant, Andrew F., M.D. Egypt. 1904 Grant, Mrs. Harriet H. 1904 Guthrie, Mr. C. B. The Sudan 1908 Guthrie, Mrs. Anna M. nee Barackman* Hart, Rev. Samuel G. Egypt. 1892 Hart, Mrs. 1892 Harvey, Rev. Wm., D.D. “ 1865 Nov. 20, 1908 Harvey, Mrs. Henrietta M". “ 1865 Hattie, Alexander, M.D Syria. 1857 1860 Henderson, Rev. F. D. Egypt. 1906 Henderson, Mrs. A. Geno 1911 Henry, Vellora M., M.D. “ 1891 Henry, Mrs. E. Captolia •t 1891 Hickman, Prof. W. W. 1909 Hickman, Mrs. Alice E. M 1909 Hill, Rev. R. A. India. 1856 1860 Tune 22, 1901 Hill, Mrs. “ 1856 1860 ' “ 9, 1875

* Married in the Mission. See po. 257-2SQ. 254 Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries C o n t i n u e d .

Names. Field. Entered Retired. Died.

Hogg, Rev. Hope W. Egypt. 1887 1894 Hogg, Mrs. Mary E. 1894 nee W ork* Hogg, Rev. John, D.D « 1860 Feb. 27, 1886 Hogg, Mrs. Bessie " 1860 1888 Holliday, Rev. Thomas E. India. 1889 Holliday, Mrs. Mary Hays U 1889 Hoyman, Mr. F. S. Egypt. 1909 Hoyman, Mrs. Loretta A. U 1911 nee Mitchell* Hunt, Rev. James G., D.D. 1897 Hunt, Mrs. Florida P. “ 1897 Johnston, D. R., M.D. u 1868 1875 Feb. 20, 1897 Johnston, Mrs. Maggie J. u 1868 1875 Kerr, George Trinidad. 1844 Dec. IB, 1844 Kruidenier, Rev. Jeremias Egypt. 1889 D.D. Kruidenier, Mrs. Henrietta « 1889 Kyle, Rev. H. J. India. 1895 1*99 Kyle, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth “ 1895 1899 Laing, Rev. A. M. x 1911 Laing, Mrs. Margaret C. < i nee Hormel* Lambie, Thomas A., M.D. The Sudan 1907 Lambie, Mrs. Charlotte “ 1909 nee Claney* f Syria. Lansing, Rev. Gulian, D.D. 1851 1857 1 Egypt. 1857 Sept. 12, 1892 f Syria. 1857 Lansing, Mrs. Maria G. 1851 I Egypt. 1857 July 5, 1865 Lansing, Mrs. Sarah B. Egypt. Nov. 26, 1889 nee Dales.* Lansing, Elmer E., M.D. Egypt. 1884 1888 June 1, 1893 Lansing, Mrs. Hattie E. U 1884 1888 Lytle, Rev. D. S. India. 1881 Nov. 8, 1899 Lytle, Mrs. Isabella G. « 1881 1900 1912 McArthur, Rev. J. A. India. 1904 McArthur, Mrs. Sue C. nee White* McCague, Rev. Thos., D.D. Egypt. 1854 1861 June 7,1914 McCague, Mrs. Henrietta 1854 1861 Mar. 24, 1902 McClanahan, Rev. Neal « 1909 McClanahan, Mrs. Jennie S « 1909 McClenahan, Prof. Robt S. 1897 McClenahan, Mrs. Marg’t J. “ 1897 McClenahan, Rev. W . L. “ 1898 McClenahan, Mrs. Jessie J. March 4,1905 nee Hogg.* McClure, Rev. Robt. Reed India. 1897 April 27,1900 McClure, Mrs. Alice E. u 1897 McConnelce, Rev. John A. a 1895 D.D. McConnelee, Mrs. Alma C. tt 1895 McCreery, Rev. Elbert The Sudan. 1906 1913 McCreery, Mrs. Hannah it a 1913 nee McLean* McFarland, Rev. K. W. Egypt. 1892 1901 McFarland, Mrs. Anna H. 1892 1901 McGill, Rev. Ralph G. « 1905 McGill, Mrs. M. Flora. « 1905 McKee, Rev. Jas. P., D.D. India. 1870 1894 Nov. 1, 1899 p a Alrc \TcirorQ t it . T R 7 ft 1 R < U Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 255

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d . Names. Field. Entered Retired. Died.

McKelvey, Rev. Joseph China. 1868 1870 Aug. 24, 1910 McKelvey, Mrs. Adelaide << 1868 Nov. 20, 1868 McKelvey, Rev. Wm M. India. 1902 McKelvey, Mrs. Cora M. (( 1902 f Egypt. 1898 1900 McLaughlin, H. T „ M.D I The Sudan. 1900 1911 ( Egypt. 18*8 1900 McLaughlin, Mrs. Lena \ llie Sudan. 190U March 2, 1911 1904 | The Sudan. 1909 Magill, Hugh R ., M.D. 1911 Magill, Mrs. Marian F. it U 1912 Martin, Rev. J Howard.D. D. India. 1889 Martin, Mrs. Elizabeth 1889 Martin, Rev. Samuel, D.D. 1866 Dec. 24, 1910 Martin, Mrs. Lydia L. 1866 Dec. 3, 1886 Maxwell, Rev. Robert 19U0 Maxwell, Mrs. Maud Pollock 1900 Mercer, Rev. W . D. 1912 Mercer, Mrs. Irene C. 1912 Merriam, Prof. Wm. H 1913 Merriam, Mrs. Josephine F. 1913 Moore, W. T., M. D. Egypt. 1910 Moore, Mrs. Alicia B. 1910 Morrison, Rev. George W. India. 1887 1902 Morrison, Mrs. Edna 1887 April 7, 1890 Morrison, Mrs. J. L. <> 1902 nee McGarey* Morton, Rev. J. H. India. 1901 April 29,1910 Morton, Mrs. Mary Edith 1901 1911 Murch, Rev. Chauncey, D.D Egypt. 1883 Oct. 15, 1907 Murch, Mrs. Amelia S. 1883 1908 Nesbitt, Rev. H. S. India. 1904 Nesbitt, Mrs. Elizabeth India. 1904 ' Nevin, Rev. J. C. China. 18(50 1878 May 14,1913 Nevin, Mrs. Amanda S. 1860 Sept. 27, 1867 Nevin, Mrs. Kate 1871 1878 Nichol, Rev. A. M. Egypt. 1874 1884 July 20, 1887 Nichol, Mrs. Emma C. 1874 1881 May 21, 1904 Nichol, Rev. Wm. M. 1889 1899 Nichol, Mrs. Laura K. 1889 July 17, 1890 Nichol, Mrs. Amanda E. 1899 nee Jamieson.* Nicoll, Prof. Wm. E. India. 1901 Aug. 6, 1914 Nicoll, Mrs. Clara Blanche 1901 Owen, Prof. C. A. Egypt. 1913 Owen, Mrs. Margaret C. 1913 Oyler, Rev. D. S. The Sudan 1909 Oyler, Mrs. Lillian J. 1912 nee Pieken* Patterson, Rev. J. F., M.D. Syria. 1872 1877 Mar. 23, 1882 Patterson,Mrs Isabella McD. 1872 1877 Paulding, J. G., M.D. Syria. 1845 1856 April 30, 1875 Paulding, Mrs. 1845 1856 Philips, Rev. H. E., Ph.D. Egypt. 1908 Philips, Mrs. Daisy 1908 Picken, Rev. Samuel S. India. 1909 Picken, Mrs. Mary L. 1909 Pinkerton, Rev. B. F. Egypt. 1865 1869 Pinkerton, Mrs. Fidelia 1865 1869 1871 Pollock, A. W., M.D. 1903 Pollock, Mrs. A. W. 1903

£ Mo^ri«rl in fVit» Wiceinn 256 Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d .

Names. Field. Entered Retired Died.

Porter, Rev. E. L. India. 1891 Porter, Mrs. Jane L. “ 1891 March 7,1894 Porter, Mrs. Winifred L., “ 1895 Porter, Prof. Wm. L., “ 1905 1911 Porter, Mrs. Carolyn B. “ 1905 1911 Ranson, Rev. A. J. 11 1909 1910 Ranson, Mrs. “ 1909 1910 Reed, Rev W. H. Egypt. 1895 Reed, Mrs. B. E. '• 1896 Roy, Rev. Mark S. 1911 Roy, Mrs. Ida B. “ 1911 Rule, Rev. A. H. “ 1872 1878 Rule, Mrs. Jennie M. “ 1872 1878 Russell, Prof. Chas. P., “ 1907 Russell, Mrs. Margaret G. x 1911 Scott, Rev. John Trinidad. 1845 1846 Aug. 4, 1877 Scott, Mrs. “ 1845 1846 Scott, Rev. T. L., D.D. India. 1874 Scott, Mrs. Mary A. H 1874 Oct. 25, 1880 Scott Mrs. Anna E. U 1882 Smith, Rev. Paul J. The Sudan 1911 Smith, Mrs. Ida May « « 1911 1896 1903 Sowash, Rev. Geo. A. / Egypt- \ The Sudan. 1903 Sowash, Mrs. E. J. Egypt. 1896 Sept. 4, 1900 Sowash, Mrs. Katherine The Sudan. 1903 Stevenson, Rev. E. H. India. 1856 1863 Sept. 10, 1880 Stevenson. Mrs. i 1856 1863 Sept. 30, 1907 Stewart, Rev. Harris J. it 1911 Stewart, Rev. J- H. it 1908 Stewart, Mrs. Euphemia ii 1908 Stewart, Rev. Robert, D.D. U 1881 Stewart, Mrs. Eliza F. 1881 nee Johnston.* / Egypt. 1866 1876 Strang, Rev. David, D.D. I “ 1896 1906 1866 1876 Strang, Mrs. Gamella / “ I “ 1896 Sept. 6, 1896 Strang, Mrs Mary F. Egypt. 1900 1906 Thompson, Mr. Andrew Trinidad. 1847 1849 Thompson, Rev. A. A. Egypt. 1906 Thompson, Mrs. Lydia M. 1906 Thompson, Rev. F. Scott a 1911 Thompson, Mrs. Carrie May “ 1911 Thompson, Rev J. S. India. 1894 1898 Thompson, Mrs. Mary Maud « 1894 1898 Tidrick, R. W. The Sudan 1906 April 21,1914 Tidrick, Mrs. S. Luella U it 1908 19-14 Walker, Rev. R. W. Egypt. 1904 Walker, Mrs. Elizabeth M. 1905 nee McCrory,* Watson, Rev. Andrew, D.D. « 1861 Watson, Mrs. Margaret “ 1861 White, Rev. J. P. a 1894 1900 White, Mrs. Anna May H 1894 1900 Wilson, Charles A. >< 1905 1918 Wilson, Mrs. Maude M. 1905 1913 Work, Rev. S. A. “ 1904 Work, Mrs. S. A. U 1906 Zwemer, Rev. S. M., D. D .f “ 1912 Zwemer, Mrs. Amy ___ a .1912 . Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 257

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries -C o n t i n u e d .

U n m a r r i e d W o m e n . Names. Field. Entered Retired Died.

Alexander, Miss Minnie R. India. 1906 1910 Anderson, Miss Emma D. it 1881 Atchison. Miss Alda B, Egypt. 1904 Baird, Miss Mary E., 1913 Barackman, Miss Anna M.* The Sudan. 1909 Barnes, Miss Ella M. Egypt. 1911 Beatty, Miss Minnie E. India. 1912 Beatty, Miss Roma ti 1909 Bell, Miss Margaret A. Egypt. 1901 Bennett, Miss Hazel India. 1908 Beveridge, Miss Margaret A. Trinidad. 1843 1845 Boyd, Miss Myra L. Egypt. 1902 1906 Bradford, Miss Fannie G. The Sudan. 1907 Brotherston, Miss Lena S. India. 1906 Brown, Miss Adella A.* Egypt. 1886 Brown, Miss Grace 1894 1902 Buchanan, Miss Carrie M. (( 1893 Buchanan, Miss Lois India. 1910 Cabeen, Miss Ida L. Egypt. 1909 Calhoun, Miss Eliza India. 1869 1884 Campbell, Miss Mary J. “ 1884 Campbell, Miss T. M. Egypt. 1870 1878 Claney, Miss Charlotte J.* 1905 1909 Cleland, Miss Anna Laura India. 1903 Connor, Miss Harriet M. Egypt. 1880 1892 Corbett, Miss Kate M. India. 1886 Sept. 26, 1913 Cowden, Miss Mary H. “ 1906 Criswell, Miss Anna Belle. Egypt. 1906 1 Syria. 1854 1858 Dales, Miss Sarah B.* \ Egypt. 1868 Nov. 26, 1889 Dickey, Miss Sallie E. India 1895 1907 Dickey, Miss Cora B. Egypt. 1896 1907 Dickey, Miss Mabel B. 1912 Dickson, Miss Laureila G. India. 1897 Downie, Miss Ella B., 1913 Drake, Miss N. Belle, M.D. Egypt. 1903 1908 Embleton, Miss M. M. India. 1891 1907 Fehlman, Miss Margaret J. Egypt. 1913 Ferrier, Miss Helen J. 1900 Finney, Miss Minnehaha it 1894 Fleming, Miss Bessie India. 1913 f Syria. 1876 1877 Frazier, Miss Mary A. \ Egypt. 1878 1893 French, Miss Elsie M. a 1909 Fulton, Miss Edith M. India. 1894 Mar. 80, 1906 Galbraith, Miss M. E. China. 1875 1876 Galloway, Miss M. E.* Egypt. 1876 Oct. 16, 1881 Gibson, Miss Jennie L. 1908 May 16, 1906 Gilbakian,MissAgavnie,M.D India. 1907 1910 Given, Miss Annie F. •• 1886 1896 Gordon, Miss Elizabeth G. 1855 1900 Gordon, Miss Ella M. <« 1893 Gordon, Miss Euphemia E. “ 1881 1809 Grove, Miss Elsie E. The Sudan. 1912 Hadley, Miss Nancy A. India. 1904 Hamilton, Miss Anna M. ti 1902 Hamilton, Miss Laura B. « 1908 Hammond, Miss Alfaxetta Egypt. 1904 Hart, Miss Sarah “ 18Q1 1 June 28,1869 ♦Married In the Mission See pp. as*-*56. 258 Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d . Unmarried Women. Names. Field. Entered. Retired. Died.

Heston, Miss Winifred India. 1910 E. T ..M .D . Hill, Miss Kate A. India. 1896 Holland, Miss May Egypt. 1913 Hogg, Miss Jessie J.* “it 1887 March 4,1905 Hogg, Miss Rena L. U 1899 Hopkins, Miss Jeannette India. 1912 Hormel, Miss Margaret C.* “ 1909 Hosack, Miss Isabel Egypt. 1912 Jameson, Miss Flora J. India. 1903 Jamieson, Miss Amanda E.* Egypt. 1892 Johnston, Miss Eliza F.* 1869____ 1881 Johnston, Mrs. S. E., M.D. India. 1890 April 9, 1902 Kerr, Miss Mary Egypt. 1908 Kyle, Miss Ella O. 1883 June 6, 1912 Kyle, Miss Mary India. 1904 Laing, Miss Olive R. “ 1912 Lawience, Miss Elizabeth (( 1909 Lawrence, Miss Mary A. u 1893 Lawrence Miss C. C., M.D. Egypt. ____1896 1911 Lockhart, Miss Maggie G. “ 1874 1878 June 6, 1882 Logan, Miss Mary E. India. 1891 McCahon, Miss Elizabeth India. 1875 McCall, Miss Trinidad. 1851 1851 McClenahan, Miss Eula Egypt. 1908 McClure, Mrs. Alice E. India. 1900 McConaugh, Miss Anna M. Egypt. 1903 McConnell, Miss Lillian A. India. 1902 McCracken, Miss Lois A. Egypt. 1912 McCrory.MissElizabeth M* 1905 McCullough, Miss Rose A. India. 1879 McDowell, Miss L. J. Egypt. 1892 1912 McGarey, Miss Lavina J.* India. 1889 McIntyre, Miss Aulora R. The______Sudan. 1911___ McKown, Miss Martha J. Egypt. 1860 1894 Jan. 30, 1897 McLean, Miss Hannah C.* The Sudan. 1906 1913 McMillan, Miss Adelle Egypt. 1895 Mar. 10, 1907 McMillan, Miss Carol. E. 1906 Maconachie, Miss ElanorW. India. 1910 Martin, Miss E. Josephine “ 1895

Martin, Miss Fannie C. 1896 i Martin, Miss Jennie E. << 1906 i Martin, Miss Mary R. H 1890 Martin, Miss E. Roxy Egypt. 1901 Mason, Miss Olive T. 1912 i Minger, Miss Emma M. India. 1902 ! Mitchell, Miss Loretta A.* Egypt. 1909 Mitchell, Miss Zella W. it 1902 1906 Moore, Miss Henrietta India. 1898 Morrison, Miss Jennie B. u 1895 Newlin, Miss Elizabeth E * Egypt. 1880 Paden, Miss Marion A. 1902 Parks, Miss Minnie C.* India. 1891 Pattison, Miss Mary M. Egypt. 1912 Pieken, Miss Lillian J. * 1907 1913 Platter, Miss Mary A., M.D. India. 1894 1903 June 19, 1914 Scott, Miss Violet M.* u 1911 Simpson, Miss J. Phandora, “ 1902 M.D. * Married-in-the Mission. -See-pp. 252-o56. Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 259

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d .

U n m a r r i e d W o m e n . Names. Field. Entered. Retired.

Smith, Miss Margaret A. Egypt. 1872 Smith, Miss Nellie C. U 1911 Spencer, Miss Nannie J. India. 1894 Strang, Miss Isabella Egypt. 1878 1887 Strang, Miss Matilda 1886 1894 Teas, Miss E. Dorcas it 1896 Thompson, Miss Anna Y. it 1871 Thompson, Miss Sadie “ 1913 Underwood, Miss Alice B. 1902 1904 Walker, Miss Laura B. 1904 Warnock, Miss Ruth India. 1918 Watson, Miss Anna B., M.D. Egypt. 1896 Welsh, Miss M. E. India. 1869 1872 White, Miss Josephine L. U 1884 White, Miss Maria, M.D. 1886 White, Miss Sue Cooper* 1905 Whitely, Miss Dora B. M . 1911 Whiteside, Miss Ida Egypt. 1913 Williams, Miss Roe 0. it 1911 Wilson, Miss Cynthia E. India. 1875 Wilson, Miss Ethel W. “ 1913 Wilson, Miss Margaret M. “ 1904 Wilson, Miss Rosa T. << 1886 Work, Miss Bertha B. “ 1904 1908 Work, Miss Mary E.* Egypt. 1890 Work, Miss Ruth A. “ 1904 Young, Miss Susan A. India. 1891

* Married in the Mission. See pp. 25^-256. 260 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer.

TREASURER'S REPORT. F op Y e a r E n din g A p ril 30th, 1914. S u m m a ry . RECEIPTS. Schedule A. Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly— Presbyteries ...... $210,104 20 Sabbath Schools ...... 7,650 74 Individuals ...... 12,119 68 Young People’s Societies ...... 4,325 51 B eq u ests ...... 6,989 22 Anticipated Bequest ...... 10,000 t)0 Ladies’ Missionary Societies ...... 96 00 In te re st ...... 1,916 18 Endowed Funds Income ...... 1,895 42 Miscellaneous Funds ...... 8,865 43 Total Appropriation ...... $263,962 88 Schedule B. Women’s Board— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General As­ sem b ly ...... 120,966 96

Schedule C. Endowed Funds, Principal and Income and Miscellaneous F un ds— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General As­ se m b ly ...... 55,476 88 Schedule D. Investments and Loans— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General As­ sem b ly ...... 54,881 78

Total From All Sources ...... $495,288 00 Donation in Egypt Credited on This Year ...... 814 16 Balance in Sudan From Preceding Fiscal Year Merged Into This Year ...... 921 82 B a la n ce A p ril 30, 1913 ...... 38,559 14

$535,583 12 DISBURSEMENTS. Schedule A. India Mission ...... $130,097 35 Schedule B. Egyptian Mission ...... 215,367 73 Schedule C. Sudan Mission ...... 42,552 34 Schedule D. Expense of Missionaries Outside of Fields ...... 33,898 48 Schedule E. Miscellaneous Funds ...... 4,266 58 Schedule F. Interest on Loans and Annuities ...... 4,972 99 Schedule G. Administrative Expenses ...... 18,882 93 Schedule H. Investments and Loans ...... 60,969 40

Total Disbursements ...... $511,007 80 Balance General Fund, April 30, 1914 ...... 24,575 32 $535,583 12 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer. 261

DETAILED STATEMENT. RECEIPTS. Schedule A. Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly— Section 1— From Direct Contributions — P re s b y te rie s ...... $210,104 20 Sabbath Schools ...... 7,650 74 In d ivid u a ls ...... 12,119 68 Young People’s Societies ...... 4,325 51 B e q u e sts ...... 6,989 22 Anticipated Bequest ...... 10,000 00 Ladies’ Missionary Societies ...... 96 00 In terest ...... 1,916 18 $253,201 53 Section 2— Endowed Funds Income— Sterrett and Agnes Cummins Memorial Fund ...... 49 92 James Junk Fund ...... 300 00 Ella Jane Dysart Fund ...... 30 00 L. and M. E. A. Fund ...... 60 00 James S. McNary Fund ...... 221 64 Mary L. Pratt Fund ...... 18 00 Mary Sterritt Memorial Fund ...... 28 58 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund ...... 78 00 M rs. Jan e E . M a ck M em oria l F u n d ...... 30 00 Eliza Christie Fund ...... 476 66 Joseph and Eliza Barr Memorial Fund ...... 110 83 Elizabeth Adair Currie Fund ...... 104 29 James and Agnes Sankey Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 R ev. W. W. Barr, D. D., Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 R o b e r ts o n M em oria l F u n d ...... 30 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Scholarship ...... 50 00 Mrs. Agnes A. Clark, Jessie and Mary Clark Memorial F u n d ...... 30 00 Thomas S. and Mary J. McClanahan Memorial Fund.. 60 00 McCarrell-Moore Fund ...... 60 00 Nelson Pratt Memorial Fund ...... 54 00 Kenneth Wilson Smith Memorial Fund ...... 13 50 $ 1,895 42 Section 3—Miscellaneous Funds— Sudan Fund ...... $ 2,148 12 Sale of Chicago Lots ...... 363 75 New Missionaries’ Fund ...... 5,853 56 Matured Annuity Donation ...... 500 00 8,865 43

Total on Appropriation of the General Assem bly.... $263,962 38

Schedule B. WOMEN’S BOARD. Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. India Mission— Salaries ...... $ 21,608 46 Furlough Salaries ...... 2,025 00 E stim a te s ...... 17,602 00 S p ecials ...... 5,274 00 Traveling Expenses ...... 2,489 73 Allowance to Children ...... 100 00 Outfit Allowance ...... 200 00

Egyptian Mission— S alaries ...... 15,728 50 Furlough Salaries ...... 1,260 00 E stim a tes ...... 20,535 00 S pecials ...... 17,799 03 Assiut Parsonage Loan ...... 7,000 00 Outfit Allowance ...... 300 00 Traveling Expenses ...... 1,535 24 Sudan Mission— S alaries ...... 1,650 00 E stim a te s ...... 5,845 00 S pecials ...... 15 00 ------$120,966 96 262 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer.

Schedule C. Endowed and Miscellaneous Funds—Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Section 1—Endowed Funds, Principal— Annuity Fund ...... $ 2,944 00 Rev» John M. Adair Memorial Fund ...... 2,878 15 John and Ann Jane Craig Memorial Fund ...... 1,050 00 Alexander H. McArthur Fund ...... 1,000 00 Martha J. McGinnis Memorial Fund ...... 325 00 Rev. James Price, D. D., Memorial Fund ...... 950 00 David M. Ure Memorial Fund ...... 950 00 ------$ 10,097 15 Section 2—Endowed Fund, Income— Rev. John B. Dales, D. D., Semi-Centennial Fund $ 250 00 Mrs. Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund ...... 48 47 Mr. and Mrs. George S. Brush Endowment Fund .... 60 00 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 149 82 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage Fund ...... 568 72 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund in Trust ...... 102 00 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 793 53 Margaret Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Robert Dwight Foster Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,577 17 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 494 67 Pressly Memorial Fund ...... 342 50 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund ...... 232 74 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund ...... 262 80 Annuity Fund, General ...... 2,092 60 Annuity Fund, Special ...... 768 00 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund ...... 78 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Bed ...... 50 00 Charity Porter Memorial Fund ...... 28 50 ------$ 8,079 52 Section 3— Miscellaneous Funds— Specials to Egypt ...... 1,223 08 Girls’ College, Cairo ...... 1,004 00 Assiut College ...... 23,020 00 Library Endowment Fund, Assiut College ...... 100 00 Pressly Memorial Institute, Income Riverside Irriga­ tion District Bond ...... 24 00 Allegheny Nile Mission Boat ...... 50 00 Alexandria School, Egypt ...... 186 23 Delta Car Fund ...... 5,000 00 Specials to India ...... 4.063 76 In d ia F a m in e O rp h a n s’ F u n d ...... 61 52 Martinpur School, India ...... 10 00 Nelson Pratt Boys’ School, Martinpur, India ...... 400 00 Gujranwala School, India ...... 196 60 Specials to Sudan ...... 112 73 Sudan Boat Fund ...... 14 98 Sudan Boys’ Home ...... ' ------67 50 R o b e r t A rth in g to n D o n a tio n ...... 1,213 13 Robert Arthington Refund ...... 46 28 Ladies’ Missionary Societies, for Account Women’s B o a rd ...... 265 43 Women’s Board, for Account of First Wilkinsburg, Pa., Congregation ...... 150 00 Women’s Board, for Account of Piqua, Ohio, Y. P. C. U. 23 00 Property North Bend, Nebr., Refund Board of Home M ission s ...... 26 07 Turkish Relief Fund ...... 1 00 Auto Truck ...... 40 90 ------J 37,300 21

Schedule D. Investments and Loans—Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Matured Mortgages ...... $ 8,800 00 L o a n s ...... *...... 46,081 78 ------54,881 78 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer. 263

DISBURSEMENTS. Schedule A. India Mission— Remitted and Paid for India Account ...... $118,973 47 Specials to India ...... 9,401 31 India Famine Orphans ...... 61 52 Gujranwala School'...... 196 60 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 793 53 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 121 67 Rev. John B. Dales, D. D., Semi-Centennial Fund 125 00 Charity Porter Memorial Fund ...... 14 25 Martinpur School ...... 10 00 Nelson Pratt Boys’ School ...... 400 00 ------$130,097 35

S ch ed u le B. Egyptian M ission- Remitted and Paid for Egyptian Account ...... $148,873 50 Specials to Egypt ...... 18,822 11 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage ...... 568 72 Pressly Memorial Institute ...... 366 50 Girls’ College, Cairo ...... 1,004 00 Assiut College ...... 23,020 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,552 67 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 149 82 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund ...... 232 74 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund ...... 48 47 Rev. John B. Dales, D. D., Semi-Centennial Fund 125 00 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund ...... 262 80 Pressly Fund ...... 242 92 Theological Seminary Endowment ...... 500 00 Robert Dwight Foster Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Bed ...... 50 00 New School Alexandria ...... 186 23 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund ...... 78 00 Library Endowment Fund, Assiut College ...... 100 00 C h a rity P o rte r M em oria l F u n d ...... 14 25 Allegheny Nile Boat ...... 50 00 Delta Car Fund ...... 7,000 00 Mrs. Annie S. Gradle Annuity Principal ...... 5,000 00 Women’s Board Loan, Assiut Parsonage ...... 7,000 00 •$215,367 73

Schedule C. Sudan Mission— Remitted and Paid for Sudan Account ... . .$ 35,495 00 Specials to Sudan ...... 3,052 86 Sudan Boat Fund ...... 14 98 Margaret Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Sudan Boy’s Home ...... 67 50 Omdurman Property, Account Appropriation 1914-15 750 00 Omdurman Property, Special ...... 3,112 00 ------$ 42,552 84

Schedule D. Expense of Missionaries Outside of Fields— Traveling Expenses, India Missionaries ...... $ 7,357 52 Traveling Expenses, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 4,179 98 Traveling Expenses, Sudan Missionaries ...... 474 10 O utfit, In d ia M ission a ries ...... 500 00 Outfit, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 1,200 00 Tuition Allowance, India Missionaries ...... 381 15 Tuition Allowance, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 320 00 Furlough Salaries, India Missionaries ...... 7,792 30 Furlough Salaries, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 6,386 19 Furlough Salaries, Sudan Missionaries ...... 1,888 88 Children of India Missionaries ...... 1,952 78 Children of Egyptian Missionaries ...... 1,038 65 Children o' Sudan Missionaries ...... 426 92 -----$ 33,898 48 264 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer.

Schedule E. Miscellaneous Funds— Samuel Kerr Fund, Annuity Interest ...... $ 373 00 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund in Trust ...... 102 00 Legal Expenses ...... 77 45 In su ra n ce ...... 9 36 Emergency Fund ...... 931 85 Elm Grove Cemetery Company Stock ...... 40 50 Special Allowance, Mrs. H. L. Brandon ...... 400 00 Million Dollar Committee Expense ...... 84 32 Missionary and Efficiency Committee ...... 1,600 00 For Account of Board of Education ...... 24 00 Language Study School Expenses ...... 193 55 Travel to World in Chicago ...... 41 15 Women’s Board, Account First Wilkinsburg, Pa., Con­ g r e g a tio n ...... 150 00 Women’s Board, Account Piqua, Ohio Y. P. C. U 23 00 Auto Truck Fund ...... 40 90 Gibson Trust Fund Expense ...... 24 50 Turkish Relief Fund Paid The Christian Herald 1 00 M a ria J. M iles F u n d, S pecial ...... 150 00 ------$ 4,266 58

Schedule F. Interest— On L o a n s ...... $ 2,130 39 On Annuities ...... 2,092 60 On Annuity, Special ...... ♦ . . . 750 00 ------$ 4,972 99

Schedule G. Administrative Expenses— Salary, Corresponding Secretary ...... 2,916 67 Salary, Treasurer ...... 500 00 Salaries, Associate Secretaries ...... 2,833 32 Traveling Expenses, Corresponding Secretary ...... 789 64 Traveling Expenses, Associate Secretary ...... 710 23 Clerical Allowance of Secretaries ...... 3,785 95 Clerical Allowance, Treasurer ...... 840 00 Printing, Postage, Rent, Office and General Expenses. 5,607 11 Miscellaneous Expenses, General ...... 900 01 -$ 18,882 93

Schedule H.- Investments ...... $ 15,669 40 Loans, Repaid ...... 45,300 00 -$ 60,969 40

INDEBTEDNESS. Due Reserve Fund ...... $43,374 52 Due by Missions, etc ...... $7,138 23 Outstanding Loans ...... 37,720 59 C ash B ala n ce, A p ril 30, 1914 24,575 32 ------D eficit, Ap ril 30, 1914...... 49,381 56 $81,095 11 ------$81,095 11 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer. 265

SECURITIES AND INVESTMENTS, APRIL 30th, 1914.

First Mortgage on Property Knox St., Germantown, Phila ...... $2,500.00 219 S. L e x St., P h ila d elp h ia ...... 4,000.00 5010 Franklin St., Frankford, Phila 3,500.00 1122 F illm ore St., F ra n k ford , Phila. .. 1,000.00 N. E. cor Howard & Palmer Sts., Phila. 30,000.00 “ Friendship Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 3,300.00 “ Chartiers Ave., McKees Rocks, Pa 4,000.00 “ West Park, McKees Rocks, Pa ...... 1,250.00 “ Forbes St., Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 2,500.00 Russelwood Ave., McKees Rocks, Pa.. 1,200.00 “ Russelwood Ave., McKees Rocks, Pa.. 1,400.00 Orchard St., Esplen, Pa ...... 2,500.00 “ Heisel St., Homestead, Pa ...... 6,000.00 “ Jackson St., 19 th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 3,500.00 Tacoma St., 21st Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 3,500.00 “ W. Carson St., Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 3,000.00 Ninth Ave., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a. : ...... 3,500.00 Ridge & Monroe Aves., Chartiers Township, Pa ...... 3,500.00 “ Freeland St., 18th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 2,800.00 “ Stanton Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 1,400.00 “ Sycamore St., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 2,500.00 Creston, Nebraska ...... 6,000.00 “ Bellaire Ave., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 3,500.00 “ Mathilda & Tew Sts., Pittsburgh, Pa.. 1,500.00 “ Hillsboro St., 20th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 1,200.00 1918 P errysville A v e., N. S., P it ts ­ b u rg h , P a ...... 3,000.00 “ Devilliers St., 5th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 2,100.00 “ Summerfield, Fayette County, Pa 2,700.00 815 H ill St., S ew ick ley, P a ...... 3,500.00 Lehigh Ave., Borough of West View, Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 2,000.00 232 Birmingham Ave., Carrick, Pa 3,100.00 Wainbell Ave., Borough of Dormont, Allegheny County, Pa ...... 4,000.00 " Race St., Borough of Edgewood, Pa... 3,000.00 Susquehanna St., 13th Ward, Pitts­ b u rg h , P a ...... 3,000.00 “ Biddle Ave., 3d Ward, Wilkinsburg, P a ...... 3,000.00 “ 1022 Portland St., Pittsburgh, Pa 4,000.00 Glen Caladh St., 15th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 2,500.00 Churchill St., McKees Rocks, Pa 3,000.00 43d St., Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 3,000.00 Fairhill U. p. Church, Philadelphia.. 4,000.00 116 S. 49th St., P h ilad elp h ia ...... 4,500.00 “ Lang Ave., 13th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 2,300.00 “ Anderson Ave., Borough of Dormont, Allegheny County, Pa ...... 4,000.00 “ Southern Ave., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 2,000.00 “ Duquesne Ave., Borough of Duquesne, Allegheny County, Pa ...... 2,800.00 Renova St., 15th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 2,800.00 P ro p e rty 231 S. L e x St., P h iladelph ia. The following investments came to us from the donors, and are not in­ vestments which were made by our Board: Firt Mortgage on Property Carroll County, Ohio ...... $1,920.00 “ K o ssu th C ou n ty, Iow a ...... 7,900.00 “ Neosho County, Kansas ...... 2,000.00 “ Neosho County, Kansas ...... 800.00 Farmland, Morgan County, Colorado. 266 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer.

W e s t P e n n R a ilw a y s B on d N o. 4239 ...... 1,000.00 West Penn Railways Bond No. 4240 ...... 1,000.00 Riverside Irrigation District Bond No. 708 ...... 500.00 Riverside Irrigation District Bond No, 709 ...... 500.00 Three Shares Capital Stock Citizens Trust Co., Canonsburg, Pa. U. S. Bond ...... 500.00 Nine Shares Stock Elm Grove Cemetery Co., Washington, Iowa, in tru st. Five Shares Preferred Stock The Houston, Stanwood & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Ten Shares Preferred Stock The Brownell Co., Dayton, Ohio.

With the exception of a few of the above investments, they represent the principals of specially endowed and annuity funds, which are required to be kept invested. ROBERT L. LATIMER, Treasurer.

Philadelphia, Pa., May 9th, 1914. To the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America. G en tlem en : I hereby certify that I have examined the accounts and vouchers of Robert L. Latimer, Treasurer, for the year ending April 30th, 1914, and find same correct. The cash balance, securities and investments have been verified by me, and I also certify same to be correct. Respectfully submitted, JOHN A. STEWART, Auditor. Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 267

d e t a i l e d s t a t e m e n t o f t r e a s u r e r .

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF RECEIPTS.

From May ist, ig ij to April30th, I Q 1 4 .

PRESBYTERIES.

A lb a n y ...... $2,675 33 L a k e ...... 2,223 05 A lleg h en y ...... 21,728 85 L e C laire ...... 907 34 A r g y le ...... 4,228 38 Los Angeles ...... 3,446 32 Arkansas Valley ...... 2,716 61 M an sfield ...... 1,651 83 Beaver Valley ...... 6,464 68 M ercer ...... 3,694 30 Big Spring ...... 1,568 62 Monmouth ..: ...... 5,724 78 B o sto n ...... 2.040 60 Monongahela ...... 29,999 15 Rrookville ...... '3,72 48 M u sk in g u m ...... 4,393 55 B u tle r ...... 6,189 10 New Jersey ...... 1,085 69 C aled on ia ...... 2,915 70 N e w Y o r k ...... 426 60 Cedar Rapids ...... 3,389 79 Ohio First ...... 3,808 58 G h artiers ...... 7,411 40 O k la h om a ...... 143 86 C h ica g o ...... 2,755 02 O m aha ...... 2,353 37 C lev elan d ...... 4,163 10 O regon ...... 975 99 College Springs ...... 5,547 77 P a w n e e ...... 2,210 08 C olora d o ...... 3,379 07 Philadelphia ...... 6,918 62 C on cord ia ...... 418 16 P itts b u rg ...... 488 23 C on em au g h ...... 1,711 90 Puget Sound ...... 1,020 50 D ela w a re ...... 3,093 83 Rock Island ...... 2,836 97 Des Moines ...... 3,071 30 San Francisco ...... 1,981 85 D e tro it ...... 1,453 33 S idn ey ...... 1,771 25 F ra n k fo r t ...... 1,367 11 S pok an e ...... 173 30 G a rn ett ...... 1,329 74 Steubenville ...... 4,732 16 H u d son ...... 239 50 T e n n e s s e e ...... 977 91 Id a h o ...... 380 97 T e x a s ...... 341 06 Illinois Central ...... 1,095 51 Uncompahgre ...... 250 80 Illinois Southern ...... 4,270 29 V e rm o n t ...... 468 26 In d ia n a ...... 2,453 85 Westmoreland ...... 7,118 09 Indiana Northern ...... 358 45 W h e e lin g ...... 4,577 51 Iowa Northwestern ...... 458 59 W isco n sin ...... 934 57 Kansas City ...... 1,609 77 X e n ia ...... 4,998 38 K e o k u k ...... 4,809 04 Kiskiminetas ...... 1,822 41 $210,104 20

SABBATH SCHOOLS.

J. G. Paton Bible Class, First, East Liverpool, Ohio. 70 60 Beaver Falls, Pa ...... $687 50 First, Seattle, W ash ...... 66 86 S econ d, W ilk in sb u rg , P a . . 290 90 Claysville, Pa ...... 66 00 F irst, N ew b u rg h , N . Y . .. 282 34 Second, Mercer, Pa ...... 60 00 Sixth, Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 279 61 First, Wheeling, W. Va. . . 58 66 Rochester, N. Y ...... 236 22 Bellefontaine, Ohio ...... 50 50 Seventh, Philada., Pa ...... 235 00 Second, Chicago, 111...... 50 00 Johnstown, N. Y ...... 177 34 First, McKeesport, Pa. ... 48 80 Robinson Run, McDonald, Second, Youngstown, Ohio. 46 84 P a ...... 168 80 First, Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 46 03 F ou rth , C levelan d, O h io .. 160 00 Bellevue, Pa ...... 45 00 Second, New Wilmington, Hooper, Wash ...... 44 48 P a ...... 143 14 Wellsville, Ohio ...... 43 15 B ea v er, P a ...... 102 39 Sixth, Chicago, 111...... 42 25 First, Allegheny, Pa ...... 100 00 First, New York, N. Y. .. 42 20 Houston, Pa ...... 99 20 Parma, Idaho ...... 42 00 Greenville, Pa ...... 91 66 Mt. Pleasant, Pa ...... 40 73 Valencia, Pa ...... 87 59 Neshannock, Pa ...... 37 34 In g ra m , P a ...... 87 00 Fourth, Philada., Pa ...... 36 30 First, Topeka, Kan ...... 80 00 Fourth, Allegheny, Pa. . . 35 00 Twelfth, Philada., Pa. ... 79 88 Thompsonville, Conn ...... 34 85 First, Detroit, Mich ..... 79 03 Waterford, Pa ...... 32 77 Oak Park, Philada., Pa. .. 77 00 Roney Point, Ohio ...... 32 00 268 Annual Report- -Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Summit Ave., Jersey City, Idaville, Ind ...... 10 00 N . J ...... 31 80 South Brooklyn, Cleveland, Robinson, Pa ...... 31 53 O h io ...... 10 00 Men’s Bible Class, First, Paschall Ave., Philada., L o s A n geles, C al...... 31 50 P a ...... 10 00 Riverside, Cal...... 31 00 Grahams, Pine Bush, N. Y. 10 00 Plain Grove, Pa ...... 30 32 Duncanville, 111...... 9 86 West Philada., Pa ...... 30 00 S u perior, N e b ...... 9 61 Morning Sun, Ohio ...... 29 16 Elizabeth, Pa ...... 9 34 Conemaugh, Pa ...... 29 00 Slippery Rock, Pa ...... 9 23 Miss Gertrude Scott’s Class, Lewistown, Pa ...... 9 00 Sewickley, Pa ...... 28 50 Brown Ave., Erie, Pa. ... 8 75 Berean Class, Grove City, Berean Bible Class, Mt. P a ...... 28 05 Pleasant, Hickory, Pa.. 8 75 Hampton, Pa ...... 2S 00 Organized Adult Bible First, Butler, Pa ...... 26 78 Class, Worthington, Pa. 8 61 Mrs. Fannie Brook’s Class, Spring Hill, Ind ...... 8 60 Huntsville, Ohio ...... 25 00 Redlands, Cal...... 8 59 Greensburg, Pa ...... 25 00 Cuylerville, N. Y ...... 8 50 Fair Haven, Ohio ...... 25 00 Xenia Prairie, 111...... 8 30 Columbus City, Iowa .... 25 00 Scroggsfield, Ohio ...... 8 15 Tilden, 111...... 24 00 Ligonier, Pa ...... 8 10 Hanover, 111...... 23 00 B rook v ille, P a ...... 8 00 Wilmerding, Pa ...... 22 67 West 44th St., New York, F ifth . P h ila d a., P a ...... 22 00 N. Y , ...... 8 00 Traer, Iowa ...... 21 99 Bethel, Illinois, Southern East 187th St., New York, Presbytery ...... 7 60 N. Y ...... 21 23 i Mission Creek, Neb ...... 7 20 Big Spring, Newville, Pa.. 20 26 i Franklinville, N. Y ...... 7 20 Southfield, Mich ...... 20 00 C arrollton , O h io ...... 7 20 First, Los Angeles, Cal. .. 20 00 South Park, Buffalo, N. Y. 6 92 Tabernacle, Youngstown, Tingley, Iowa ...... 6 66 O h io ...... 20 00 Second, Cove, McConnells- Lisbon, Ohio ...... 20 00 b u rg , P a ...... 6 45 Tarentum, Pa ...... 20 00 Le Claire Prairie, Iowa.. 6 40 Pitcairn, Pa ...... 19 64 Miss Lambie’s Class, Se­ First, Everett, Wash ...... 19 60 wickley, Pa ...... 6 25 Grand Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 19 50 Mrs. Tirza Stephen’s Class, B o sto n , P a ...... 19 40 Garnett, Kan ...... 6 00 Piper City, 111...... IS45 Cutler, 111...... 6 00 First, Wilkinsburg, Pa. 16 57 McMahon’s Creek, Wheel­ Caledonia, Ind ...... 16 00 ing Presbytery ...... 6 00 Second, Topeka, Kan ...... 16 00 Mahoning, Pa ...... 6 00 Oakland, Cal...... 16 00 Covington, N. Y ...... 6 00 Third, Philada., Pa ...... 15 75 M ex ico, P a ...... 6 00 East Brook, Pa ...... 15 00 Class of John Fulton, East Brooklyn, N. Y ...... 15 00 Belle Center, Ohio .... 6 00 D e W itt, Io w a ...... 15 00 Knoxville, Ohio ...... 5 93 Concordia, Kan ...... 15 00 Noblest own, Pa ...... 5 86 Jamestown, Pa ...... 14 44 Lincoln Ave., Pittsburgh, Minden, Neb ...... 14 00 P a ...... 5 82 Stone Valley, Pa ...... 14 00 West Liberty, Pa ...... 5 80 First Buffalo, N. Y ...... 13 78 East Mansfield, Ohio .... 5 65 V eron a , P a ...... 13 65 Belmont, Ohio ...... 5 60 E a s t L iv e r p o o l, O h io ...... 12 84 M orea, 111...... 5 55 Northfield, Ohio ...... 12 83 Dennison, Kan ...... 5 20 C lass N o. 16, S parta, 111. . . 12 50 Fairhill, Philada., Pa ...... 5 15 Guinston, Pa ...... 12 2b Scotland, Ind ...... 5 10 Cochranton, Pa ...... 12 00East McKeesport. Pa. 5 07 Birmingham, Mich ...... 12 00 Mrs. Bella Brecht’s Class, Salineville, Ohio ...... 12 00 Good Hope, Pittsburgh, West Sunbury, Pa ...... 11 90 P a ...... 5 00 Plum Creek, Creekside, Pa. 11 55 Richmond, Pa ...... 5 00 Willamette, Ore...... 11 39 Newark, N. J ...... 5 00 Ninth, Pittsburgh, Pa. ... 11 20 Hartstown, Pa ...... 4 88 Chartiers, Pittsburgh, Pa. 10 55 Jewell, Kan ...... 4 84 Romine Prairie, 111...... 10 40 Oakdale, 111...... 4 71 Harlansburg, Pa ...... 10 40 Mechanicstown, Ohio ...... 4 68 Latrobe, Pa ...... 10 18 Second, Brooklyn, N. Y.. 4 17 First, Pawnee, Neb ...... 10 16 Salinas, Cal...... 4 00 New Alexandria, Pa ...... 10 06 Saxman, Kan ...... 4 00 Buena Vista, Pa ...... 10 00 Tranquility, Ohio ...... 4 00 Worthington, Pa ...... 10 00 Hebron, _ Ind ...... 3 90 Venice, McDonald, Pa. ... 10 00 First, Cleveland, Ohio ... 3 78 Second, Philada., Pa ...... 10 00 Gerlaw, 111...... 3 52 Rocky Springs, Pa ...... 10 00 Ambridge, Pa ...... 3 12 Sebring, Ohio ...... 10 00 First, Brooklyn, N. x. . . . 3 05 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 269

Eau Claire, Pa ...... 2 83 Brookville Presbytery ___ 90 24 Weiser, Idaho ...... 2 78 Caledonia Presbytery ___ 95 00 Eighth, Philada., Pa. 2 50 Cedar Rapids Presbytery . 29 50 West Pittsburgh, Crafton, Chartiers Presbytery ...... 29 09 P a ...... 2 16 Chicago Presbytery ...... 106 00 E d en , 111...... 2 00 Cleveland Presbytery .... 225 07 Ewart, Iowa ...... 2 00 Colorado Presbytery ...... 9 52 Brownsdale, Pa ...... 2 00 Conemaugh Presbytery . . 72 00 Portersville, Pa ...... 2 00 Des Moines Presbytery .. 8 66 Grove City, Pa ...... 2 00 Detroit Presbytery ...... 56 50 Siloam Springs, Ark ...... 1 78 Illinois Southern Presby­ Second, Dayton, Ohio .. . 1 77 tery ...... 108 10 Herron Hill, Pittsburgh, Indiana Presbytery ...... 33 51 P a ...... 1 70 Indiana Northern Presby­ Lansingville, Ohio ...... 1 61 tery ...... 35 00 The Cove, McConnellsburg, Kansas City Presbytery .. 11 25 P a ...... 1 54 Lake Presbytery ...... 33 31 Concord, Pa ...... 1 54 Los Angeles Presbytery . . 93 39 Beaver Run, Pa ...... 1 25 New Jersey Presbytery . . 5 00 Class No. 4, Homer City, New York Presbytery ... 5 40 P a ...... 1 20 Ohio First Presbytery .... 14 65 Lower Chanceford, Pa. .. 1 20 Oklahoma Presbytery .... 4 00 B en k lem an , N e b ...... 1 00 Pawnee Presbytery ...... 24 34 Commerce, Mich ...... 1 00 Pittsburgh Presbytery ... 8 60 Kennard, Pa ...... 98 Puget Sound Presbytery . 13 63 Burlington, W ash ...... 66 Rock Island Presbytery .. 8 00 Toronto, Ohio ...... 60 San Francisco Presby­ Preston, 111...... 60 tery ...... 9 90 Argyle Presbytery ...... 36 00 Westmoreland Presbytery. 23 88 Beaver Valley Presbytery. 67 13 Boston Presbytery ...... 55 00 $7,650 74

INDIVIDUALS.

Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Fraser. $500 00 Mrs. Christiana D. Barr .. 100 00 The Howison Family ...... 500 <10 Mr. J. M. B ro w n ...... 100 00 From a Friend ...... 400 00 Miss Margaret J. Currie . 100 00 Mrs. Louisa J. Telford ... 250 00 A F rien d ...... 100 00 Remembrance to Board of A Friend of Missions ___ 100 00 Foreign Missions, from A Friend of Missions .... 100 00 the late Joseph Steven­ A Friend of Missions, In­ son, Deceased ...... 250 00 gram , P a ...... 100 00 Million Dollar Account Re­ A Friend, Hanover, 111. .. 100 00 fu n d ...... 237 40 A Friend of Missions .... 100 00 Mrs. Jane E Carson ...... 200 00 M r. J am es H o v e n ...... 100 00 A Friend, per Rev. J. M. In Memory of Thomas H. Atchison, D.D ...... 200 00 and Anna M. Davidson, M r. G. E. F. G ray ...... 200 00 from their Children ----- 100 00 William Hamilton, An­ Mrs. Margaret Junk Mc­ n u ity ...... 200 00 D ow ell ...... 100 00 Individual, Omaha Presby­ John and Julia A. Shontz. 100 00 tery ...... 200 00 Rev. J. A. Williamson, Chase City, Va„ Freed- D.D ...... 100 00 men Congregation ...... 184 00 Mrs. Fannie E. Wasson . . 100 00 A Friend of Missions, Los M rs. Sam uel E . Y o u n g . . . 100 00 Angeles, Cal...... 155 00 Miscellaneous, per Mis­ Rev. E. E. Campbell, Re­ sionary and Efficiency fu n d ...... 153 27 C om m ittee ...... 88 84 Mrs. Ada Pringle ...... 140 00 Messrs. Fulton Bros ...... 87 00 Y. M. C. A., Pittsburgh Rev. Thos. F. Cummings, T h e o lo g ic a l S em in a ry .. 135 00 D.D ...... 86 50 Mr. and Mrs. Carl A. A Friend of Missions ___ 75 00 Roessing, Mr. and Mrs. I Mr. J. S. Martin ...... 75 00 R. H. Bayard, Miss Estate James Rafferty In­ Florence Stephen, Mrs. come ...... 70 33 Ed. Smith, Miss Wilda Rev. John Heslip ...... 61 13 Smith and Messrs. Ed., Mr. A. W. Pollock ...... 55 00 Percy and Grant Smith. 127 70 Anonymous, Low Moor, Individual, Wheeling Pres­ Io w a ...... 50 00 b y te ry ...... 120 00 A Friend, New Castle, Pa. 50 00 Mission Study Refund ... 101 84 “In Memory of Mother” .. 50 00 S t u d e n t s’ Association, Individual, W i s c o n s i n Pittsburgh Theological Presbytery ...... 50 00 S em in ary ...... 100 50 Individual, W e 1 1 s v i 11 e, A C on tribu tor, J ersey C ity, O h io ...... 50 00 N . J ...... 100 00 Miss Libbie Morrow ...... 50 00 270 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Miss E. Morrow ...... 50 00 Miss R. D. Taggart ...... 20 00 M rs. M a ry G. S te w a rt . . . 50 00 M. I. Timerson ...... 20 00 Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Hugh T. P. Wilson ...... 20 00 F. Wallace ...... 50 00 Mrs. Frances M. Walker.. 20 00 Mrs. Mary Wilson ...... 50 00 C oin , Io w a C o n g r e g a tio n . 18 56 Rev. J. G. Campbell, Re­ Rev. W. B. Gillis ...... 18 10 fu n d ...... 41 50 Geo. B. Sims ...... 18 00 Mr. Alex. Sheriff ...... 40 00 Mrs. Jean Boyd Lake ___ 16 00 M iss M a ry E . S ervice . . . 40 00 Rev. J. H. Colvin ...... 15 75 Rafferty Trust Fund, Sec­ Dr. J. M. Aikin ...... 15 00 ond Church, Allegheny, Anna M. Blake ...... 15 00 P a ...... 40 00 Mrs. Mary Banker ...... 15 00 Mrs. Mary J. Watt ...... 40 00 Miss A. F. C ooke ...... 15 00 F r i e n d s of Missionary Rev. W. D. Ewing . 15 00 Work in Egypt ...... 35 00 Rev. P. W. Free, D.D. ... 15 00 Mrs. Margaret Bigham .. 30 00 A Friend, Connellsville, Pa. 15 00 A Friend, Chicago, 111. ... 30 00 A Friend of Missions, A Friend, Belle Center, Portland, Ore...... 15 00 O h io ...... 30 00 A F rien d in C am b rid ge .. 15 00 A Friend, R. F. D. No. 6, Houston Valley, Tenn., New Castle, Pa ...... 30 00 Congregation ...... 15 00 Mr. and Mrs. Geo. R. Hill. 30 00 Mr. John D. McKee ...... 15 00 John Lamont ...... 30 00 Rev. J. T. McCrory, D.D. 15 00 Rev. T. G. Morrow ...... 30 00 Mrs. Lizzie J. McFarland. 15 00 Miss Jennie B. Wallace .. 30 00 J. J. McKnight ...... 15 00 J. S. A d a m s an d F a m ily . 25 00 Jesse C. M itch ell ...... 15 00 Anonymous, a Friend .... 25 00 D r. H . S. M cC lym on d s . . . 15 00 John Brown ...... 25 00 F. J. McFate ...... 15 00 Wm. Alex. Brown ...... 25 00 Mrs. John Hogg, Sr...... 14 00 James S. Campbell ...... 25 00 Adena, Ohio, Mission .... 13 90 Miss Ida M. Crotliers .... 25 00 Chartiers, Cross Roads, Clyde Copeland ...... 25 00 Pa., Congregation ...... 13 25 Mr. and Mrs. C. T. Full- Mersine, Asia M inor, w o o d ...... 25 00 Turkey, Reformed Pres­ Friend, Millican, Ore 25 00 byterian Church ...... 13 20 A Friend, Greensburg, Pa. 25 00 Traveling Expense, Re­ George H. Gilmore ...... 25 00 fu n d ...... 12 11 S. B. H u ston ...... 25 00 J. D. Barr ...... 12 00 J. M. Hamilton ...... 25 00 G. J. O. Davidson ...... 12 00 Dr. W. H. Hawley ...... 25 00 Mrs. M. J. Gibson, Mr. M rs. N an n ie M . K n o b lo c h . 25 00 and Mrs. F. W. Gibson, Ladies’ Aid and Mission­ Mr. and Mrs. H. E. ary Societies, Connells- S train ...... 12 00 ville, P a ...... 25 00 Mrs. Lizzie Glasgow ...... 12 00 J. Muirhead ...... 25 00 Members of the Oxford, R ev. D. W . M cQ u iston . . 25 00 Ohio, Congregation .... 12 00 Mrs. Eliza H. Power ...... 25 00 Miss Eleanor McKinley .. 12 00 Mrs. T. A. Shaw ...... 25 00 Fred MacMillan ...... 12 00 J. O. Springer ...... 25 00 Samuel McCrea ...... 12 00 M rs. E liza b e th T h o m p so n . 25 00 Mrs. Marie E. Shane ___ 12 00 Board of Education ...... 24 00 Misses Phoebe, Grace and Mrs. Clara Farquhar ...... 22 00 Emma Speer ...... 12 00 From Members of the Misses M. E. and J. A. Presbyterian C h u rch , W r ig h t ...... 12 On Pawnee City, Neb ...... 21 70 Mrs. Ellen White ...... 12 00 Anonymous, Tarentum, Pa. 20 00 Misses Margaret E. and F. G. Bogle ...... 20 00 Sara A. Moore ...... 11 00 Robt. M. Buck ...... 20 00 Clinton, Pa., Congregation. 11 00 Rev. and Mrs. J. B. Clap- Mrs. E. B. Easter ...... 11 00 p e rto n ...... 20 00 A F rien d , L in co ln , N eb. . 11 00 Rev. R. G. Campbell, D.D. 20 00 Mrs. J. P. Matthews ...... 11 00 Mrs. James Cowan ...... 20 00 Contents of Mite Box of Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Cul­ W ilb e r t F re e M ah an . . 10 55 b e rtso n and B ro th e r . . . 20 00 Miss Lizzie Archer ...... 10 00 R ev. J. S. D a g u e ...... 20 00 Miss Harriet Andrews ... 10 00 Mrs. A. L. Dickson ...... 20 00 Miss Eva Adams ...... 10 00 “M. P. G.” ...... 20 00 John Broatch ...... 10 00 Individual, Detroit Pres­ Miss Lillian B. Brecken- b y te ry ...... 20 00 b rid g e ...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. Ora L. Les­ Miss Ruth M. Bemis ...... 10 00 lie ...... 20 00 Miss Elizabeth J. Beatty. 10 00 M iss M a rg a ret M c L a u g h e y . 20 00 S. W . B o y d ...... 10 00 Raymond S. Miller ...... 20 00 Rev. J. Allen Barr ...... 10 00 John Stinson ...... 20 00 Mrs. R. L. Brownlee ...... 10 00 John P. Stevenson ...... 20 00 Wm. H. Black ...... 10 00 J. E. Stone ...... 20 00 Mr. and Mrs. D. L. Bar- R ev. S. J. S h aw , D .D 20 00 a ck m a n ...... 10 00 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 271

Miss Mary Burnside and Misses Nullmeyer ...... 10 00 M oth er ...... 10 00 Mrs. George M. Paden ... 10 00 N e ttie I. B a ird ...... 10 00 Miss Mary K. Prentiss __ 10 00 M iss L u ella C ra w fo rd . . . 10 00 Miss Ada B. Philips ...... 10 00 Mrs. J. R. Campbell...... 10 00 Miss Emily M. Porter ___ 10 00 Ethel Collins ...... 10 00 R. H . P au l ...... 10 00 Rev. J. G. Campbell ...... 10 00 Miss Mary M. Porter ...... 10 00 M iss E sth e r C u m m in g s .. 10 00 John G. P etrie ...... 10 00 Rev. Samuel Dodds, Ph.D., Mrs. M. C. Reaves ...... 10 00 D.D ...... 10 00 W. W. Renkin ...... 10 00 Mrs. J. E. Ditmaxs ...... 10 Oft Dr. M. C. Ramaley ...... 10 00 M rs. A . C. D erm on d ...... 10 00 Mrs. Catherine L. Ram­ N. Belle Drake, M.D ...... 10 00 sey ...... 10 00 Mrs. W. N. Cunningham . 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Rey­ Mrs. and Miss Ada Cow- nolds ...... 10 00 den ...... 10 00 Mrs. Mary I. Radcliffe ___ 10 00 Adam H, Cormack ...... 10 00 Mrs. R. A. Russell ...... 10 00 Mrs. J. Campbell ...... 10 00 W . G. S m ith ...... 10 00 Matthew E. Coie ...... 10 00 Miss Mary Elizabeth Stew­ L . H . C ...... 10 00 art ...... 10 00 A. J. Calderwood ...... 10 00 D. M. Shontz ...... 10 00 E lfin w ild, P a., C h u rch .. 10 00 Rev. H. M. Tyndall, S. Eight Friends, Washburn, T.D ...... 10 00 111...... 10 00 Trustees Rafferty Trust Mrs. Nelson Edgington .. 10 00 Fund, Second Church, A Friend, Mansfield, Ohio. 10 00 Allegheny, Pa ...... 10 00 Lizzie J Frazer ...... 10 00 Rev. Louis Tinning ...... 10 ou Miss Jennie L. Finley ... 10 00 Miss Eva B. Thompson... 10 00 Florida. Pattersonville, N. Mrs. W. H. Thompson ... 10 00 Y., Congregation ...... 10 00 West Beaver, Ohio, Con­ Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Ful­ g r e g a tio n ...... 10 00 ton ...... 10 00 Rev. J. B. Work, D.D. .. . 10 00 First Congregation, Xenia, Mrs. W. J. Wilson ...... 10 00 O h io ...... 10 00 Mrs. Sarah P. Wallace ... 10 00 Miss Josephine Ferguson. 10 00 Washburn, 111., Congrega­ Mr. and Mrs. F. A. Gaut.. 10 00 tion ...... 10 00 Win j Graham ...... 10 00 Miss Mary A. White ...... 10 00 T *W Gordon ...... in 00 Mrs. White ...... 10 00 Miss Ella Hammond ' ...... 10 00 John W a lk e r ...... 10 00 Mrs. Jennie W. Homer, Mrs. James Young ...... 10 00 Son and Daughter ...... 10 00 Mrs. M. E. Pappino ...... 9 00 Mrs. Wm. Hamilton ...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Smith. 8 50 Rev. J. C. Hanley ...... 10 00 Mrs. H. R. Burns and H . S. H o y m a n ...... 10 00 D a u g h ter ...... 8 00 Rev. and Mrs. Christian J. T. C am pbell ...... 8 00 H a u p t ...... 10 00 Friends in Whittier, Cal., M rs. W . S. H e a d e ...... 10 00 C on g rega tion ...... 8 00 Mrs. Harris ...... 10 00 Rev. Geo. W. McBride ... 8 00 Individual, Indiana Pres­ Teachers Training Class, b y te ry ...... 10 00 Pawnee City, Neb ...... 7 50 Mr. and Mrs. J. N. Jami­ Miss Jessie Blythe ...... 7 40 son ...... 10 00 A Family in Washington, Jamestown, Ohio, Con­ D. C ...... 7 01) g r e g a tio n ...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Carson. 7 00 John B Kerr 10 00 A. M. Forsythe ...... 7 00 Mr. and Mrs. G. I. Kirk- Joseph I. K ro h n ...... 7 00 ton .... 10 00 E. Downev Kerr ...... 7 00 D. A. Kyle ...... 10 00 Mrs. D. E. and Miss Rosa­ M iss J an et M. L a m b ie ------10 00 line Kellogg ...... 7 00 CarvniAl TjVTITI 10 00 Oscar Baker ...... 6 50 Miss Jessie Cleland Leigh. 10 00 Miss Bessie Finley ...... 6 50 Rhoda A. Lawther ...... 10 00 Miss Helen Anderson ___ 6 00 S R L o v e ...... 10 00 Miss M. A. Balph ...... 6 00 Mrs. Sarah C. McCall ... 10 00 Miss Sara M. Bell ...... 6 00 Elizabeth Muir ...... 10 00 Mr. O. L. D. Cooke and P . M offa t ...... 10 00 M oth er ...... 6 00 Mr. and Mrs. A. A. Mc­ Miss Fannie A. Cleary ... 6 00 C ollum ...... 10 00 Rev. Dalton Galloway .... 6 00 Rev. Elbert L. McCreery. 10 00 Rev. Daniel Harris ...... 6 00 Mrs. J. B. McClelland .... 10 00 Chas. R. Hanna ...... 6 00 T. R. McKee ...... 10 00 Mrs. Ola Leslie ...... 6 00 Miss Ada M. McQuiston.. 10 00 'Miss Nina J. Murray and B. B. McLellan ...... 10 00 M oth er ...... 6 00 Mrs. S. E. McClintock .. . 10 00 R. P. Regester ...... C 00 TTnXlugll rrVi X 13 I. J.V1U1 Tl/T r»r,t tun An ...... 10 0l> George C. Shane ...... 6 00 Mr. and Mrs. D. T. Me- Six Students of Westmin­ K e a g ...... 10 00 ste r ...... 6 00 Miss Hattie McQuiston .. 10 00 Rev. R. C. Douds ...... 5 20 272 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

M a p s ...... 5 05 E J. Gillis ...... 5 00 Rev. A. S. Aiken ...... 5 00 Rev. Bruce Giffen ...... 5 00 A U n it e d Presbyterian Mr. Geo. R. Galbraith .... 5 00 Youth, Springfield, Ohio. 5 00 Mrs. T. E. Holliday ...... 5 00 Anonymous, Troy, N. 1 . 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. John C. Anonymous, Monmouth, 111. 5 00 H u n te r ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. P. Aiken ...... 5 00 Rev. Thos. H. Hanna, D.D. 5 00 Mrs. M. H. Acheson ...... 5 «0 W. C. Hultz ...... 5 o-o Mrs. W. C. Aber ...... 5 00 Miss Lettie Hood ...... 5 00 Anonymous, Baden, Pa. .. 5 00 Mrs. W. A. Henderson ... 5 00 M. E. Anderson ...... 5 00 Rev. F. D. Henderson ------5 00 Mrs. Margaret Anderson .. 5 00 Ina M. Hanna ...... 5 00 A n o n y m 0 u s, Pittsburgh, J. A. Harper ...... 5 00 P a ...... 5 00 Mrs. Emily B. Harris .... 5 00 Miss Margaret Armstrong. 5 00 Individual, Belle Center, M. L. Armstrong ...... 5 00 O h io ...... 5 00 Miss Martha D. Aikin .. . 5 00 In Memoriam, Mr. Hamil­ Miss Ellen F. Burnside ... 5 0(J ton ...... 5 00 T. M. Berry hill ...... 5 00 Dr. Anna M. Jack ...... 5 00 Wm. Britton ...... 5 00 Rev. S. A. Jackson and Mrs. M. M. Brown ...... 5 00 F a m ily ...... 5 00 Frank G. Bryce ...... 5 00 J a m es M. J on es ...... 5 00 R ev. W . S. B a m fo rd ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. W. Johnston ...... 5 00 George Baird ...... 5 00 S. A . J a c k ...... 5 00 Rev. R. B. Barr ...... 5 00 Mrs. E. L. Kirly ...... 5 00 Misses Margaret and Mary Mrs. E. A. Kincaid ...... 5 00 C. B a rn es ...... 5 0\) Mrs. Mary Porter Kyle ... 5 00 Bluestone, Va., Freedmen’s D. E. Kane ...... 5 00 M ission ...... 5 00 M rs. C. K en n ed y ...... 5 00 Rev. W. W. Barr, D.D., Rev. and Mrs. D. C. Littell. 5 00 M em oria l ...... 5 00 Miss Jennie R. Lynn ------5 00 Miss Mary E. Chamberlen. 5 00 Dr. E. P. Logan ...... 5 00 Mr. Thos. J. Cathcart ... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. R. P. Lewis. Mr. and Mrs. Chas. R. Mide C. Lewis, Mr. and C arson ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. H. Baird ...... 5 00 W. J. Cherry ...... 5 «0 Mrs. Ella M. Maxwell .... 5 00 Rev. Nathaniel Childs .... 5 00 C. M illin ...... 5 00 Miss Emma Cross ...... 5 00 Rev. J. R. McElroy ...... 5 00 Miss Margaret W. Collins. 5 00 Mrs. Jeannette McG. Mc­ Miss Zella Crawford ...... 5 00 L a u g h lin ...... 5 00 E. J. Cruikshank ...... 5 00 Mrs. Mary A. Montgomery. 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. George R. Mrs. M. J. McCahon ...... 5 00 C r o w e ...... 5 00 D. O. McCreight ...... 5 00 Miss Myra Z. Campbell .. 5 00 Mrs. M. J. Maley and Wm. A. Cook ...... 5 00 F rien d s ...... 5 00 Miss Fannie M. Currie ... 5 00 J. Smith Miller ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. S. W. Camp­ J. F. Millin ...... 5 00 b ell ...... 5 00 Mrs. Jennie E. McCleery.. 5 00 Mrs. Samuel Dodds ...... 5 00 Miss E. Emma Mehard .. 5 00 A. B. Davidson ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. N. and Miss Nelle A. De Winter ...... 5 00 M cK e lv e y ...... 5 00 J H Duncan ...... 5 00 Miss Maude Mitchell ...... 5 00 W in J D ick e y ...... 5 00 Samuel Martin ...... 5 00 _A. B Dunlap ...... 5 00 Robt. J Maxwell ...... 5 00 E H. Duncan ...... 5 00 Dr. Sara A. Moore ...... 5 00 I. J. Dickson ...... 5 00 W . C. M cC lu re ...... 5 00 Miss Sue Dodds ...... 5 00 .Tesse T . M a ck ...... 5 00 M rs. C. F. D a v id so n ...... 5 00 Members of Swanwick, 111. 5 00 A. C. Evans ...... 5 00 Mrs. Margaret L. McClen- Rev. Earl E. Elder ...... 5 00 ah an ...... 5 00 Chas. M Erwin ...... 5 00 M rs. G. S. M c E w e n ...... 5 00 Mrs. Bella Foster ...... 5 00 Miss Lydia S. McCague .. 5 00 A F rie n d ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. R. Millen ...... 5 00 Mrs. Annie B. FraseT .... 5 00 Mrs. Margaret E. Mc­ A Friend, Mt. Ajrr, Iowa.. 5 00 C ra ck en ...... 5 00 A Friend, Salem ...... 5 00 Miss Jennie E. McCollum. 5 00 A Friend of the Cause, Member of Highland Con­ Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 5 00 gregation, New Castle, Friends of Missions ...... 5 00 P a ...... 5 00 First, Indianapolis, Ind., W . J. M cC a h on ...... 5 00 Congregation ...... 5 00 Mrs. R. E. Mustard ...... 5 00 Mrs. Jennie Graham ...... 5 00 Miss Marguerite McCal- George W. Graham ...... 5 00 lister ...... 5 00 D. A., Lizzie S., Oleva Mulberry Congregation of May, Clarence P. and Bates County, Mo ...... 5 00 Marshall Gibb ...... 5 00 Mrs. W. C. Nichol and Miss Etta Gilmor ...... 5 00 D a u g h ter ...... 5 00 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 273

John S. Meyer ...... 5 00 Miss Elsie Kenning ...... 4 00 Rev. and Mrs. R. J. Picken. 5 00 W. McKinley ...... '...... 4 00 Miss Mary F. Peters ...... 5 00 Mrs. T. D. Mellon ...... 4 00 Miss Ida Paisley ...... 5 00 Miss Eliza J. Thomas ... 4 00 Mrs. Amanda H. Porter .. 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. C. J. Will, Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Park- Mother and Father .... 4 00 house, Mary and Paul Mrs. E. J. Carroll and Parkhouse and M iss Miss Ollie Morrison .... 3 00 Elizabeth Hyde ...... 5 00 Miss Anna Duncan ...... 3 00 Mrs. M. A. Patterson .... 5 00 A Friend of Missions ___ 3 00 J. A. Punteney ...... 5 00 Mrs. Anna Barackman Mr. and Mrs. H. W. Rex- Guthrie, Mother and fo r d ...... 5 00 F a th e r ...... 3 00 Miss Grace L. Robertson. 5 00 Mrs. Elizabeth L. Graham. 3 00 Rev. R. M. Russell, D.D., B. W. Huston ...... 3 00 L>L.D...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. Sebert Jones. 3 00 Miss Anna Rutherford ... 5 00 Miss Kate M. Laughead.. 3 00 Miles Robinson ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. Chas. M. Miss Jeannette Ralston .. 5 00 M a xw ell ...... 3 00 Mrs. Lizzie Steele ...... 5 00 Miss M. L. Moore ...... 3 00 Mrs. Fred Sebring ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. McCaw .... 3 00 Dr. S. C. Shane ...... 5 00 Member of Crawfordsville, Miss Margaret M. Sloane Iowa, Congregation .... 3 00 and Friends ...... 5 00 Miss Orpha McKitrick ... 3 00 Stronghurst, 111., Congre­ Miss Mildred Porter ...... 3 00 g a tio n ...... 5 00 Mrs. James Small, Mrs. C. Several Friends, F ir s t Scowden and Mrs. A. Church, Columbus, Ohio. 5 00 B arn es ...... 3 00 Miss Mabel C. Stewart ... 5 00 Dr. Nellie Sloght ...... 3 00 Robert W. Smith ...... 5 00 D. C. Dunlap ...... 2 80 Thos. W. Spicer ...... 5 00 Miss Lyda F. Lantz ...... 2 50 W. Howard Speer ...... 5 OC* Miss Sophie C. Sorensen. 2 50 J a y C. S ta u ffer ...... 5 00 Mary L. Miller, Sadie Stone Valley, Pa., Con­ Squires and Pearl King 2 25 g r e g a tio n ...... 5 0 0 First Church, Cedar Rap­ Mrs. Alexander Smith .... 5 00 ids, Iow a ...... 2 10 C. W. Summerville ...... 5 00 Anonymous, Muncie, Ind. 2 00 Ross K. Sefton ...... 5 00 Mrs. W. M. Alderson .... 2 00 D. M. Simmons ...... 5 00 A ' United Presbyterian, Miss Bessie J. Snyder .... 5 00 T roy , N. Y ...... 2 00 Mr. and Mrs. Harry Sou- Miss Ethel M. Alexander.. 2 00 der ...... 5 00 A n o n y m o u s ...... 2 00 Rev. W, R. Sawhill ...... 5 00 Anonymous, Pittsburgh, Miss Kate L. Terry ...... 5 00 P a ...... 2 00 Joseph P. Tracey ...... 5 00 A n on y m ou s ...... 2 00 J. H. Thompson ...... 5 00 Miss Sallie Aikin ...... 2 00 Rev. J. S. and Mrs. L. J. Anonymous, H a m ilt o n , T u rn b u ll ...... 5 00 O hio ...... 2 00 Whitinsville, Mass., Con­ E. M. Boaz ...... 2 00 g r e g a tio n ...... 5 0 0 Miss* Isabelle Beveridge .. 2 00 Mary, Margaret, Harvey James Bothel ...... 2 00 and Kyle Work and Mrs. Mr. and Mrs. Lafayette W . C. W o r k ...... 5 00 B ald w in ...... 2 00 Mr. Williams ...... 5 00 Rev. Wm. Brown ...... 2 00 Mrs. Maggie A. Wolf .... 5 00 Robt. J. Bailey ...... 2 00 Winterset, Iowa, Congre­ Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Bailey. 2 00 g a tio n ...... 5 00 Miss Harriet Bell ...... 2 00 Mrs. Lillian A. Wallace.. 5 00 Mrs. H. and Miss Nina Mrs. M. J. Wilson ...... 5 00 C h alm ers ...... 2 00 Miss Agnes Wishart ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. W. A. Cald­ Miss M. A. Workman .... 5 00 w ell ...... 2 00 Mrs. G. W. Whetstone .. 5 00 Caledonia, Wis., Congre­ Albert Young ...... 5 00 g a tion ...... 2 00 Anonymous, Newton, Kan. 4 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Collins. 2 00 Rev. T. R. Aikin ...... 4 00 Mrs. D. S. Criswell ...... 2 00 Mrs. Maria Brinson ...... 4 00 Clarence Craig ...... 2 00 R. F. Denham ...... 4 00 Miss Sara A. Crothers ... 2 00 W. R. Ewing ...... 4 00 Columbus City, Iowa, Con­ Four Members of First, g r e g a tio n ...... 2 00 Sewickley, Pa., Congre­ Mrs. W. G. Comin ...... 2 00 g a tio n ...... 4 00 Mr. and Mrs. H. D. Car­ Four Members of Beaver, nah an ...... 2 00 Pa., Congregation ...... 4 00 Mrs. Jane D. Cooke ...... 2 00 Miss Anna Hogue ...... 4 00 Miss Emma L. Dierdorf.. 2 00 Mrs. J. C. Hutchison .... 4 00 Mr. and Mrs. Frank B. Individual, Lake Presby-. D a v is ...... 2 00 te r y ...... 4 00 Rev. H. G. Edgar ...... 2 00 274 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

James H. Elder ...... 2 00 G eorg e O. M itch ell ...... 2 00 Mrs. B. Elliott ...... 2 00 Miss Annie J. McKee ... 2 00 Mr. and Mrs. W. R. Eas- Rev. E. G. McKibben ------2 00 son ...... 2 00 Miss Agnes E. Murray ... 2 00 Jay J. Eichenberger ...... 2 00 J. B. Mortland ...... 2 00 A Friend, Xenia, Ohio .. 2 00 Mrs. D. McMillen ...... 2 00 A F rie n d ...... 2 00 Rev. M. A. McGill ...... 2 00 Mr. and Mrs. James D. Miss Martha Payne ...... 2 00 F in le y ...... 2 oo Mr. and Mrs. T. A. Rankin. 2 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. S. Foster. 2 00 M rs. D. C. R o ck w e ll ...... 2 00 M iss L e n a C. F o rm a n ------2 00 Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Ruth­ Mrs. Mollie Flick ...... 2 00 e rford ...... 2 00 A. E. Fulton ...... 2 oo Mrs. R, B. Robinson ------2 0u Miss Jennie Fife ...... 2 00 C. Sturgeon ...... 2 00 A Friend, Summerfield, Miss Elizabeth Stotts .... 2 00 Kan...... 2 00 Mr. and Mrs. E. L. Scott. 2 00 J. S. Gamble ...... 2 00 M. N. and R. L. Springer. 2 00 Miss Cecyl Goodrich ...... 2 00 Miss Floy Steele ...... 2 00 Rev. and Mrs. James P. Second, New Wilmington, G ib son ...... 2 00 Pa., Congregation ...... 2 00 Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Gilli- Miss Cora E. Soults ...... 2 00 fo r d ...... 2 00 Misses M. A. and Clara Mrs. N. J. Graham ...... 2 00 Shillite ...... 2 00 Rev. A. L. Godfrey ...... 2 01» Miss Margaret Stewart .. 2 00 Mrs. R. S. Grimes and Mr. and Mrs. John Sloan. 2 00 D a u g h te r ...... 2 00 Miss Anna M. Shane ...... 2 00 Miss Mary Hajr ...... 2 00 Miss Letitia Shannon ___ 2 00 Ira B. Hood ...... 2 00 Mrs. L. K. Smith ...... 2 00 Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Hut­ Albert Trimble ...... 2 00 ton ...... 2 00 Mrs. Mary E. Weir ...... 2 00 Miss Alice Hobart ...... 2 00 Miss Florence B. Wilson . 2 00 Mr. and Mrs. John A. Hen­ Miss M. Maude Wright .. 2 00 d erson ...... 2 00 Mrs. Martha A. Welch ... 2 00 Miss Grace L. Humphrey. 2 00 Miss Wright ...... 2 00 C. M. Henderson ...... 2 00 Miss Harriet S. Wilson .. 2 00 H. P. Hamilton ...... 2 00 Miss Jennie P. Wallace .. 2 00 D. F. Hutchison ...... 2 00 Miss Rebecca T. Young . 2 00 Rev. W. M. Hughes ...... 2 00 Mr. John Hosack and Mr. and Mrs. W. L. Han­ Daughter Freda ...... 1 50 lon ...... 2 00 W. F. Goldspohn ...... 1 50 M rs. E le a n o r J a m ieson . . . 2 00 Glenn M. Sauder ...... 1 50 Mrs. W. P. Jones and Rev. G. E. Henderson ----- 1 25 M o th e r ...... 2 00 Miss Jeanne Adams ...... 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. Geo. C. Miss Besse Adams ...... 1 00 J o h n sto n e ...... 2 00 Anonymous, De Witt, Iowa. 1 00 Rev. Dr. and Mrs. J. B. A United Presbyterian, J a c k so n ...... 2 00 Carrollton, Ohio ...... 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. L. Junkin. 2 00 ■ Anonymous, Sand point, Miss Elizabeth Johnston . 2 00 Id a h o ...... 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. French Anonymous, Washington, K e r r ...... 2 00 P a ...... 1 00 M rs. L u ella M. K a n e ...... 2 00 Anonymous, Washington, Miss May and Mr. An­ P a ...... 1 00 d re w K ir k ...... 2 00 Mrs. James Allen ...... 1 00 Rev. J, Kruidenier, D.D.. 2 00 Anonymous, Pittsburgh, Mrs. R. M. King ...... 2 00 P a ...... 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Lend- Anonymous, Pittsburgh, ru m ...... 2 00 P a ...... 1 00 Rev. James D. Lytle ...... 2 00 Anonymous, Steubenville, Mr. and Mrs. John Lilga. 2 00 O h io ...... 1 00 E. J. McCay ...... 2 00 ■ Anonymous, Sewickley, Pa. 1 00 R. T. McCay ...... 2 00 Anonymous, Grove City, Mr. and Mrs. Stuart ; P a ...... ■’ 1 00 M a g ee ...... 2 00 Anonymous, Tarkio, Mo... 1 00 Mrs. Adam Miller and Anonymous ...... 1 00 D a u g h te r ...... 2 00 A n o n y m o u s ...... 1 00 Miss Effie MacMillan ...... 2 00 Anonymous, Loveland, Col. 1 00 Member of Manhattan, Mr. M. L. Allison ...... 1 00 Kan., Congregation ----- 2 00 Anonymous, Mt. Ayr, Iowa.' 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Mc­ Anonymous, New Cumber- ‘ B rid e ...... 2 00 land, P a ...... 1 00 Mrs. M. McKinney 2 00 A Reader of the United Mrs. Elizabeth Miller ----- 2 00 Presbyterian, H a r r i s -' Mr. and Mrs. John Mc­ b u rg ; P a ...... 1 00 L a u g h lin ...... 2 00 Anonymous, Avanmore, Pa. 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. G. F. Mc- John P. Aiken ...... 1 00 K n ig h t ...... 2 00 Anonymous, Indiana Pa.. 1 00 Annual Report- -Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 275

Miss Mary H. Arthur ___ 1 00 M. E. Douds ...... 1 00 A n o n y m o u s ...... 1 00 A . M. D ick so n ...... 1 00 A n o n y m o u s ...... 1 00 W. P. Dunlap ...... 1 00 A n o n y m o u s ...... 1 00 Miss Lucetta Duff ...... 1 00 A n o n y m o u s ...... 1 00 Mr. Du Shane ...... 1 00 A n o n y m o u s ...... 1 00 M r. and Mrs.. J. C. D o d d s. 1 00 A n o n y m o u s ...... 1 00 Miss Pearl Downing ...... 1 00 Anonymous, Pittsburgh, W . F . D ...... 1 00 P a ...... 1 00 W . F. D od d s ...... 1 00 A United Presbyterian ... 1 00 Mrs. James Duncan ...... 1 00 Anonymous, Germantown, Mrs. T. Darling ...... 1 00 P h ila., P a ...... 1 00 Miss Margaret Wilson ... 1 00 A n o n y m o u s ...... 1 00 Miss Metta Foster ...... 1 00 A n o n y m o u s ...... 1 00 Miss Margaret C. Eaton.. 1 00 A n o n y m o u s ...... 1 00 Miss Annie C. Eaton ...... 1 00 A n o n y m o u s ...... 1 00 Mrs. F. H. Edgerton ...... 1 00 A n o n y m o u s ...... 1 00 John Eckhardt ...... 1 00 Clarence Ashbaugh ...... 1 00 John Forsythe ...... 1 00 A n o n y m o u s ...... 1 00 Miss Elizabeth C. Findley. 1 00 Mrs. L. J. Todd Anderson. 1 00 Miss C. M. W. Foster ... 1 00 A n on y m ou s ...... 1 00 A F rien d ...... 1 00 A n o n y m o u s ...... 1 00 A Friend ...... 1 00 A n o n y m o u s ...... 1 00 A Friend to Missions .... 1 00 A n o n y m o u s ...... 1 00 A Friend, Benson, Neb. .. 1 00 A n o n y m o u s ...... 1 00 M. B. F ...... 1 00 Mrs. J. M. Adair ...... 1 00 Mrs. Clara Fisher ...... 1 00 Anonymous, Second, New A Friend of Missions, But­ Wilmington, Pa ...... 1 00 ler, P a ...... 1 00 Anonymous, Irwin, Pa. ... 1 00 Mrs. Maggie Frank ...... 1 00 Anonymous, Little Hock­ A Friend, Dayton, Ohio . 1 00 in g, O h io ...... 1 00 C. C. F u lton ...... 1 0V Anonymous, Little Hock­ A Friend, Washington, ing, O h io ...... 1 00 1 Iow a ...... 1 00 Anonymous, Bellefontaine, j Miss Jane W. Fulton ...... 1 00 O h io ...... •...... 1 00 1 A Friend, Paterson, N. J. 1 00 Anonymous, Philada., Pa. 1 00 j Rev. W. L. Garges ...... 1 00 Mr. Alton S. Adams ...... 1 00 ! Isaac Giffen ...... 1 00 M iss A lic e S. A d a m s ...... 1 00 1 Miss Seretta F. Gilmo-e .. 1 00 D. Quincy Adams ...... 1 00 Miss Jeanette H. Gilmore. 1 00 Miss Isabel Beck ...... 1 00 Mrs. Andrew Gregg ...... 1 00 Mrs. S. M. Brown ...... 1 00 Mrs. F. P. Grove ...... 1 00 A . G. B oal ...... 1 00 Miss Ella M. Grove ...... 1 00 M rs. J. G. B u ll ...... 1 00 Arch Graham ...... 1 00 John Lewis Beatty ...... 1 00 H . I. G orboe ...... 1 00 Miss Sylvia Beatty ...... 1 00 Mrs. Tillie Gilbert ...... 1 00 M a ste r M on roe B e a tty •... 1 00 Mrs. Annie I. Gillis ...... 1 00 A . M. B ...... 1 00 Miss Helen Faye Graham. 1 00 W . C. B ...... 1 00 Miss Margaret M. Gal­ Mrs. Frank Barnes ...... 1 00 b ra ith ...... 1 00 Mrs. James Bruce ...... 1 00 Miss Julia Hopping ...... 1 00 Miss Margaret Bruce ----- 1 00 James L. Henderson ...... 1 00 A. Campbell Bailey ...... 1 00 Mrs. James L. Henderson. 1 00 Mrs. Martha Brown ...... 1 00 Miss Sarah R. Henderson. 1 00 Mrs. W. H. Burrell ...... 1 00 Mrs. A D. Hutchison ___ 1 00 Mrs. G. S. Brotherston ... 1 00 Rev. T. H. Hanna, Jr. ... 1 00 Howard M. Brittain ...... 1 00Mrs. Harry Hultz ...... 1 00 Mrs. Hannah Bane ...... 1 00 A. L. Haynes ...... 1 00 Rev. J. A. Barnes ...... 1 00 Mrs. A. F. Hanna ...... 1 00 Mrs. N. E. Bonner ...... 1 00 Mrs. Margaret Hood ...... 1 00 Mrs. W. E. Best ...... 1 00 Mrs. J. W. Henderson ... 1 00 R H C 1 00 Mrs. Margaret M. Hous­ Robt. Caldweil ...... 1 00 ton ...... 1 00 Mrs. Lydia Carlisle ...... 1 00 Miss Sarah B. Houston .. 1 00 C. B. Caldwell ...... 1 00 Miss Mary E. Houston ... 1 00 Miss S. J. C ...... 1 00 Miss Clara I. Houston ... 1 00 Miss Merle Cook ...... 1 01) Mrs. A. P. Hutchison .... 1 00 Miss Curry ...... 1 00 Miss Nancy Holmes ...... 1 00 Ed. Crawford ...... 1 00 Mrs. Anna M. Hamilton.. 1 00 Mrs. A. E. Clapperton ... 1 00 M rs. A . H a g e r ...... 1 00 Rev. John M. Cameron ... 1 00 Miss Eva B. Hewitt ___ 1 00 Rev. W. I. Chamberlain .. 1 00 M iss M abel S. H a zie tt . . . 1 00 A. B. Campbell ...... 1 00 S. W . H a zie tt ...... 1 00 Miss Mary Clark ...... 1 00 Merle Harper .: ...... 1 00 M rs. C ook ...... 1 00 Roy Harper ...... 1 00 R o b t. S. C ook ...... 1 00 James F. Jamieson ...... 1 00 Mrs. Paul Castles ...... 1 00 Just a Friend, Tarentum, V. S. Davis ...... 1 00 P a ...... 1 00 276 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

W. P. Jamison ...... 1 00 Miss Mattie McArthur... 100 Miss Rachel H. Jamison. 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. John A. Miss Stella Kirkpatrick .. 1 00 M c K e sso n ...... 1 00 R. W. Knox ...... 1 00 H. V. McOreight ...... 1 00 H. M. Kelso ...... 1 00 Mrs. F. A. McDowell .... 1 00 S. H. Kasley ...... 1 00 Mrs. Hetty H. Neeld ____ 1 00 Mrs. James R. Kendall .. 1 00 Miss Maria Patterson ------1 00 Mrs. W. B. Knight ...... 1 00 Miss Mary E. Patterson j. 1 00 W. F. Kane ...... 1 00 Robert Patrick ...... 1 00 Robt. M. Kerr ...... 1 00 Miss Sarah A. Pettigren . 1 00 Master Harold B, Kelley. 1 00 Mrs. Mary B. Philips ------1 00 Miss Alda E. Kirkton .... • 1 00 W. L. Park ...... 1 00 Mrs. J. M. Lytle ...... 1 00 Miss Jennie H. Poole .... 1 00 Mrs. Lena Linn ...... 1 00 Mrs. J. A. Patton ...... 1 00 Miss Anna B. Love ...... 1 00 R. A. Pilmer ...... 1 00 M rs. C. S. L in co ln ...... 1 00 Miss Jennie M. Potter... 1 00 Mrs. A. M. Lovren ...... 1 00 Miss Mary Pauli ...... 1 00 T . U. L ...... 1 00 Miss Florence Porter .. 1 00 Randall Lincoln ...... 1 00 Mrs. James Rankin .... 1 00 Mrs. J. B. Lambie ...... 1 00 Rev. Chas. H. Robinson, Mrs. C. H. McCormick ... 1 00 D.D ...... 1 00 Rev. E. A. McGarey ...... 1 00 Miss Effie C. Russell ___ 1 00 Miss Sadie L. McBane ... 1 00 J. and M. Rogers ...... 1 00 Miss Sarah J. Myers .... 1 00 Mrs. N. Reed ...... 1 00 Miss Alice W. Mehaffey . 1 00 Miss Mary M. Reed ...... 1 00 Miss Emma Milliken .... 1 00 Miss Nettie Robertson... 100 Miss Lena M. Matthews. . 100 Miss Martha Rankin .... 1 00 Miss Edna McCoy ...... 1 00 P ro f. C. P. R u ssell ...... 1 00 Member of the North Miss Mary Robe ...... 1 00 Ave. Church, Baltimore, J. M. Rankin ...... 1 00 M d ...... 1 00 E. D. Reynolds ...... 1 00 Member of First Church, Mrs. Frances E. Robinson 1 00 McKeesport, Pa ...... 1 00 Mrs. J. M. Ramsey ...... 1 00 Miss Elizabeth McMillan. 1 00 Mrs. D. H. Stewart ...... 1 00 Chas. C. Miller ...... 1 00 A . C. S te w a r t' ...... 1 00 Miss Etta Mackey ...... 1 00 Second • Church, Phila., M rs. L . S. M cC u lloch . . . 1 00 P a ...... 1 00 Mrs. H. E. McCollum ... 1 00 Miss Kate E. Shane ...... 1 00 M iss E liza b e th M a xw ell .. 1 00 William Schattgen ...... 1 00 Mr. Maxwell ...... 1 00 Miss Margaret M. Suther­ Miss A. McFadden ...... 1 00 lan d ...... 1 00 Wm. B. McCrory ...... 1 00 Miss Flo B. Scroggs ------1 00 Member of Idaville, Ind. J. C. S ib ley ...... 1 00 C on g ...... 1 00 Miss Hannah Steele .... 1 00 J oh n M oe ...... 1 00 Miss Edna Stevenson ----- 1 00 Member of the Millers- Mrs. Mary Shearer ...... 1 00 burg, Ohio, Cong ...... 1 00 M iss M a ry M . S h a w 1 00 Mrs. N. J. E. Martin ___ 1 00 Miss Martha J. Stevenson 1 00 S. E. McClarnen ...... 1 00 E. B. Shields ...... 1 00 Miss Fannie E. McCall .. 1 00 Mrs. I. N. Stewart ...... 1 00 Miss Lillie M. Martin ... 1 00 Mrs. A. L. Smith ...... 1 00 Mrs. Mary McKinley .... 1 00 L. Thompson ...... 1 00 Member of Amity, Rein­ Miss Lena B. Teney .... 1 00 beck, Iowa, Cong ...... 1 00 Mrs. Robert H. Thompson 1 00 Mrs. Julia Maxwell ...... 1 00 Mrs. S. E. Thompson .... 1 00 Mrs. W. D. Morrow ...... 1 00 Mrs. Mary K. Umstadt .. 1 00 Miss Sue McClelland .... 1 00 Wm. E. Wallace ...... 1 00 Misses Ida and Ella Mc­ Mrs. J. G. Williams .... 1 00 G r e g o r ...... 1 00 Miss Maude Wreath ___ 1 00 Mrs. Margaret Moore ... 1 00 Miss Martha P. Wilson .. 1 0Ü C. H. Mitchell ...... 1 00 J. N. Wallace ...... 1 00 M iss S usie H . M cC on n ell 1 00 John E. White ...... 1 00 M. McC., Trafford, Pa. .. 1 00 Mrs. J. J. Winors ...... 1 00 Miss Metta K. Myers .. 1 00 Mrs. Elizabeth Wiggins .. 1 00 Mrs. Harriet E. McClellan 1 00 Miss Nancy M. Wright .. 1 00 Miss Jessie McKay ...... 1 00 Mrs. A. D! Wilhite ...... 1 00 Miss Margaret McElroy.. 1 00 J. H. Wright ...... 1 00 Mrs. Herman D. Miller... 1 00 Mrs. Ed. Williams ...... 1 00 Mrs. E. H. McOreight .. 1 00 Mrs. J. E. Wood ...... 1 00 Mrs. R. A. McMillen ____ 1 00 Mrs. Jeannette Waterman 1 00 Mrs. J. J. Milne ...... 1 00M iss E v a W e lls ...... 1 00 Dr. V. A. McClanahan.... 1 00 Miss Alice Grier ...... 50 Mrs. Margaret McDowell. 1 00 Mrs. Martha McGinniss .. 50 Miss Jessie McLennan .. 1 00 Mrs. Lou McArthur .... 1 00 $12,119 68 Miss Vida McArthur .... 1 00 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 277

YOUNG PEOPLE’S SOCIETIES.

Beaver Falls, Pa ...... $262 50 First, Sewickley, Pa. . 10 00 Ellwood City, Pa ...... 200 00 Turtle Creek, Pa ...... 10 00 Center, Beaver Valley Deer Creek, Pa...... 10 00 Presby., Pa ...... 150 00 Sidney, Ohio ...... 10 00 New Brighton, Pa ...... 112 75 Cochranton, Pa ...... 10 00 T h ird , N ew C astle, P a ... 100 00 Oak Park, Phila., Pa. 10 00 East Brook, Pa ...... 7500 Fifth, Phila., Pa ...... 9 00 A va lon , P a ...... 7000 First, East Liverpool Second, New York, N. Y., O h io ...... 8 05 fro m a F rie n d in C h rist 50 00 Washington, D>. C. ... S econ d, N e w C astle, P a .. 50 00 North Phila., Pa ...... B eav er, P a ...... 5000 Barnett Center, Vt. ... Economy, Pa ...... 5000 Northfield, Ohio ...... Second, Allegheny, Pa... 50 00 Slippery Rock, Pa. ... N orth , A lleg h en y , P a 50 00 Bruce, Mich ...... West 44th St., New York 37 00 Paterson, N. J ...... Romine Prairie, 111...... 3000 Brown Ave., Erie, Pa. Rochester, Pa ...... 30 00 Buena Vista, Pa ...... Secon d , B rook ly n , N. Y . 29 00 Leetsdale, Pa...... B eth el, P a ...... 2600 Stanwood, Iowa ...... Logan’s Ferry, Pa ...... 2500 Guinston, Muddy Greek Richmond, Kansas ...... 2500 F ork s, P a ...... Mt. Pleasant, Pa ...... 2500 Lebanon, Pa ...... M t. J ack son , P a ...... 2500 Claysville, Pa., Juniors . Fairhaven, Ohio ...... 2500 Idaville, Ind ...... Intermediate, Norris Sq., Greensburg, Pa ...... P h ila ., P a ...... 2500 M ex ico, P a ...... First, New Castle, Pa. .. 25 00 Tilden, 111...... C on w a y, P a ...... 2500 First, Washington, Iowa Darlington, Pa ...... 2500 J u n iors ...... 2 00 Eleventh, Pittsburgh, Pa. 25 00 Middletown, Ohio ...... 2 00 Taylorstown, Pa ...... 2500 Cherry Fork, Ohio ... 2 00 Rocky Spring, Pa ...... 25 00 First, McKeesport, Pa. 2 00 W e s t A lex a n d ria , P a 22 50 Thompsonville, Conn . 1 98 Fourth, Phila., Pa ...... 2250 East Liverpool, Ohio . 1 00 Intermediate Fourth, Al­ Allegheny Presbytery 85 00 legheny, Pa ...... 2000 Beaver Valley Presbytery 475 00 Harvard Heights, Los An­ Brookville Presbytery .. 8 00 geles, C al...... 1875 Chartiers Presbytery ... 1,325 00 Sparta, 111...... 1769 Chicago Presbytery ...... 50 00 Bellefontaine, Ohio ...... 1729 College Springs Presby Twelfth, Phila., Pa...... 16 00 tery ...... 181 47 Shelocta, Pa ...... 15 00 Detroit Presbytery ...... 4 00 Piqua, Ohio ...... 1420 Indiana Northern Presby­ East 187th St., New York 14 00 te ry ...... Enon Valley, Pa ...... 13 00 Kansas City Presbytery. Carrollton, Ohio ...... 12 50 Lake Presbytery ...... Hamilton, Ohio ...... 1226 Philadelphia Presbytery.. Milton, New York ...... 12 00 Sidney Presbytery ...... 15 55 Americus, Kansas ...... 1000 Westmoreland Presbytery 19 89 Good Hope, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 1000 $4,325 51

BEQUESTS.

Estate of Mrs. Margaret Estate of Margaret String­ R ob b , d ecea sed , in com e $10 00 er, deceased ...... 500 0C Estate of Andrew Gra­ Estate of Anna Mabel Lid- ham, deceased .... 1,257 50 dle, deceased ...... 100 00 Estate of Nancy J. Thomp­ Estate of Lewis Davis, son, deceased ...... 1,820 02 deceased, income .... 16 67 Estate of Harriet J. W ith­ Estate of James H. Woods, erspoon, deceased ...... 50 00 d ecea sed ...... 1,000 00 Estate of Hannah M. W il­ Estate of Mrs. Mary A. liamson, deceased, in­ Graham, deceased ...... 231 70 co m e ...... 15 00 Estate of Margaret Black, Estate of Elizabeth E. d e cea sed ...... 86 36 White, deceased, income 24 00 Estate of Jane A. Wal­ Estate of Frank L. lace, deceased ...... 77 97 Brown, deceased .... 100 00 Estate of J. Woodburn, Estate of Agnes Mc- d e cea sed ...... 300 00 Geoch, deceased .... 1,000 00 Estate of Mrs. Belle G. $6,989 22 Lytle, deceased .... 400 00 278 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

ANTICIPATED BEQUEST. Y. P. C. U., Harmony, Pa. 40 00 Y. P. C. U., West Liber­ Mrs. Henry Bell ...... $10,000 00 ty, P a ...... 29 62 Y. P. C. U., West Sunbury, ROBERT ARTHINGTON DO­ P a ...... 20 00 NATION. Y. P. C. U„ Union, Pa.... 16 00 O c to b e r 11, 1913 ...... $605 63 Y. P. C. U., Eau Claire, A p ril 11, 1914 ...... 607 50 P a ...... 12 00 Y. P. C. U., Zelienople, $1,213 13 P a ...... 10 00

LADIES’ MISSIONARY SOCIETY. $3,160 02 S outhfield, M ich ., S p e cia l. $96 00 GUJRANWALA, INDIA. SCHOOL FUND, SPECIAL FUND FOR DR. T. A. LAMBIE. Messrs. Johnston Bros... $100 00 Southfield, Mich., Sabbath Y. P. C. U. Second, New S ch ool ...... 21 21 Y o rk , N. Y ...... $75 0C Homewood, Pittsburgh, Mrs. R. M. Russell ...... 25 00 Pa., Congregation ...... 18 00 Ninth Ave., Pittsburgh, Homewood, Pittsburgh, Pa., Congregation ...... 8 00 Pa., Sabbath School .... 16 87 Second, Monmouth, 111., $108 00 Congregation ...... 12 02 P r i m a r y Department, SPECIAL FUND FOR NEW MIS Homewood, Pittsburgh, SIONARIES, 1910-1911. P a ...... 12 00 Mrs. Margaret Junk Mc­ W. M. S., New Alexan­ D o w e ll ...... $700 00 dria, P a ...... 12 00 Mrs. Ruth Junk Camp­ Y. P. C. U., Salinas, Cal. . 2 50 bell ...... 700 00 Mrs. Waddell ...... 2 00

$1,400 00 $196 60

S P E C IA L F U N D F O R P R O F . C. S. ALEXANDRIA EGYPT. BELL. SCHOOL FUND, St. Clair, Pa. Congrega­ From Young People So­ tion ...... $313 00 cie tie s: Bloomington, Ind., Sab­ Fair Ave., Columbus, bath School ...... 222 54 O h io ...... 20 00 Rev. H. J. Bell ...... 100 00 Second, Jersey City, N. J. 10 00 Women’s Missionary and Center, Beaver Valley Benevolent Societies, Presbytery, • Pa ...... 10 00 Fourth, Pittsburgh, Pa.. 100 00 First, Allegheny, Pa ...... 10 00 First, Allegheny, Pa., Red Oak, Iowa ...... 8 50 Sabbath School ...... 100 00 Pawnee City, Neb ...... 6 00 D. S. Thomson’s Bible East Greenwich, N. Y... 6 00 Class, Eighth, Alle­ Sparta, 111...... 5 00 g h en y , P a ...... 75 00 First, McKeesport, Pa. .. 5 00 Aspinwall, Pa., Sabbath Cedarville, Ohio ...... 5 00 S ch ool ...... 75 00 Du Bois, Pa ...... 5 00 M rs. G eorge M. P a d e n 50 00 H e b ro n , Monongahela Y . P. C. U ., B ellev u e, P a. 50 00 Presbytery, Pa ...... 5 00 Knoxville, Tenn., Con­ Crafton, Pa ...... 5 00 g r e g a tio n 50 00 D on ora , P a ...... 5 00 The Misses Anderson ____ 25 00 Oakdale, Pa ...... 5 00 Y. P. C. U„ Wheatland, G u ern sey, Io w a ...... 5 00 111...... 25 00 Glade Run, Valencia, Pa. 3 75 Second, Dayton, Ohio ... 3 50 $1,185 54 Clarion, Iowa ...... 3 00 Jonathan’s Creek, Mt. Fer­ SPECIAL FOR NEW MISSION­ ry, O h io ...... 2 56 ARIES FUND, 1911-1912. Salinas, Cal...... 2 50 Mt. Prospect, Thomas, Shadyside, Pittsburgh, Pa., P a ...... 2 12 Congregation ...... $1,329 50 Logan’s Ferry, Pa ...... 2 00 First, Des Moines, Iowa, Eighth, Phila., Pa ...... 2 00 Congregation ...... 775 00 Northfield, Ohio ...... 2 00 Messrs. Bogle Bros ...... 600 00 First, Des Moines, Iowa.. 2 00 Y. P. C. U., Grove City, Hutchinson, Kansas ...... 1 0o P a ...... 160 00 Walton. New York ...... 1 00 Y. P. C. U. Fairview, Oakdale,* 111...... 1 00 P a ...... 67 00 Shelocta, Pa ...... 1 00 Y. P. C. U., Clinton, Pa. .. 51 00 Franklinville, N. Y ..... 1 00 Third. Seattle, Wash., Birmingham, Mich ...... 1 00 Congregation ...... 50 00 Carrollton, Ohio ...... 1 00 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 279

Zion, Savanna, 111...... 1 00 REV. JOHN M. ADAIR MEMO­ Smyrna, Elkin, Pa ...... 1 00 RIAL FUND, PRINCIPAL. First, Wichita, Kansas .. 1 00 Clinton, Pa ...... 1 00 Estate of Rev. John M. Brinton Ave., Braddock, Adair, deceased ...... $2,878 15 P a ...... 1 00 Fair Haven, Ohio ...... 1 00 JOHN AND ANN JANE CRAIG Second, Buffalo, New York 1 00 MEMORIAL FUND', PRINCI­ South Ryegate, Vt ...... 1 00 PAL. Gilchrist Memorial, Wal­ 1914. ton, N. Y ...... 1 00 M a rch 21, M rs. M a rg a ret First, Topeka, Kans ...... 1 00 H. Cleland ...... $1,050 00 Oakland, Hamilton Sta., P a ...... 1 00 ALEXANDER H. McARTHUR Second, Phila., Pa ...... 1 00 FUND, PRINCIPAL. Hopewell, Laurel, Pa ...... 1 00 1913. 1 00 Sidney, Ohio ...... N ov e m b e r 26, F ro m A le x ­ Bloomington, Ind ...... 1 00 Houston, Pa ...... 1 00 ander H. McArthur .... $1,000 00 Willamette, Oregon ...... 1 00 Shedds, Oregon ...... 1 00 MARTHA J. McGINNIS MEMO­ Wheatland, 111...... 1 00 RIAL FUND, PRINCIPAL. Aurora, 111...... 75 1913. G ary, In d ...... 50 June 2, Mrs. Luther John­ Sixth, Chicago, 111...... 50 son ...... $32500 Jetmore, Kansas ...... 50 Ever Faithful Sabbath REV. JAMES PRICE, D.D., MEMO­ School Class, Pretty RIAL FUND, PRINCIPAL. Prairie, Kans ...... 12 00 Anonymous, Steubenville Estate of Rev. James Presbytery ...... 5 00 P rice, D .D ., d e c e a s e d .. $950 00

$186 23 REV. DAVID M. URE. D.D., MEM­ ORIAL FUND PRINCIPAL. 1914. JOHN S. FOWLER EGYPTIAN OR­ April 6, Bequest Estate of PHANAGE FUND INCOME. Mrs. Frances M. Ure, de­ 1913. cea sed ...... $950 00 M ay 17 ...... 90 00 J u n e 21 ...... 30 00 WOMEN’S BOARD. Ju ly 19 ...... 45 00 1913. J u ly 28 ...... 35 80 June 9 ...... $7,958 00 O ct. 16 ...... 69 00 Ju n e 20 ...... 880 00 N ov. 17 ...... 97 10 Ju ly 12 ...... 8,021 25 1914. A u g u st 7 ...... 3,625 00 F e b ru a ry 3 35 80 A u g u st 8 ...... ' 4,136 00 February 9 ...... 45 00 September 4 ...... 3,465 00 M a rch 28 ...... 69 00 September 6 ...... 3,982 00 A p ril 30 ...... 52 02 S eptem b er 15 ...... 151 00 September 17 ...... 150 00 $568 72 O ctob er 11 ...... 4,075 00 O cto b e r 13 ...... 4,092 00 O cto b e r 17 ...... 215 00 INTEREST. O cto b e r 30 ...... 3,579 97 November 8 ...... 8,142 00 Mortgage Interest Undes­ N o v e m b e r 10 ...... 83 00 ign ated ...... $1,376 26 N o v e m b e r 26 ...... 4,000 00 Corn Exchange National December 8 ...... 8,209 00 B a n k ...... 361 62 1914. Fidelity Trust Company.. 54 30 Jan u a ry 12 ...... 12,880 78 Income Riverside Irriga­ J an u a ry 29 ...... 4,000 00 tion District Bonds ----- 24 00 February 9 ...... 8,280 00 Income West Penn Rail­ February 19 ...... 1,262 00 road Gold Bonds ...... 1 00 00 M a rch 9 7,440 00 M a rch 23 95 00 $1,916 18 M a rch 26 ...... 8,000 00 A p ril 8 ...... 2,208 50 A p ril 13 ...... 1,668 46 ANNUITY FUND PRINCIPAL. A p ril 20 ...... 3,268 00 A p ril 23 ...... 7.100 00 “A Friend” ...... $1,000 00 M. W. Brown, per Trus­ $120,966 96 tees’ General Assembly. 500 00 “A Friend” ...... 444 00 MARTINPUR SCHOOL, INDIA. Mrs. S. E. C. Wilson ___ 1,000 00 Y. P. C. U., Scroggsfield, $2,944 00 O hio ...... $10.00 280 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

NELSON PRATT BOYS’ SCHOOL. ASSIUT COLLEGE. MARTINPUR, INDIA. Mrs. Cyrus H. McCor­ Rev. J. P. Nesbit, D.D. .. $200 00 m ic k ...... $20,000 00 Mrs. Mary Pratt ...... 100 00 Mrs. Catherine A. Jami­ Simon N. Pratt ...... 5000 son ...... 1,000 00 M rs. G eorg e A rm stro n g . 50 00 Miss Christina Arbuckle.. 1,000 00 Sixth, Pittsburgh, Pa., In­ $400 00 divid u a ls ...... 1,000 00 A Friend of Missions, In­ SUDAN FUND. g ra m , P a ...... 20 00 Sixth, Pittsburgh, Pa., $23,020 00 Men’s Association ...... $1,900 00 Sixth, Pittsburgh, Pa., ALLEGHENY NILE MISSION Men’s Association, Be­ BOAT. quest of William Camp­ bell, deceased ...... 238 12 Unity, Pa., Congregation. $50 00 A F rie n d o f M ission s . . . 10 00 DELTA CAR FUND, EGYPT. $2,148 12 Miss Tula D. Ely ...... $5,000 00

SPECIALS TO EGYPT. SPECIALS TO INDIA. Los Angeles Presbytery, Beaumont, Cal., Cong... $360 00 Rev. David R. Gordon, D. Rev. J. H. and M. L. El­ D ...... $628 91 liott ...... 200 00 Bequest, Estate of Isabel­ Rev. J. Kruidenier, D.D.. 100 10 la G. Lytle, deceased .. 600 00 Individual, Andes, N. Y .. 100 00 Alex. Sheriff ...... 500 00 Rev. Dr. and Mrs. R. W. J. C. M orga n ...... 500 00 K id d ...... 60 00 Hutchinson, Kans., Cong. 400 00 Miss R. I. Stewart ...... 50 00 Mrs. Osborne Crowe, Un­ Dr. Anna B. Watson .... 40 00 expended Traveling Bal­ Seventh, Phila., Pa., L. M. a n ce ...... 202 01 s ...... 40 00 Mrs. J. B. Curry’s Bible Dr. and Mrs. M. C. Ra- Class, Eighth, Allegheny, m a ley ...... 3b 00 P a ...... 100 00 Y. P. C. U., Mech^nics- Dr. M. M. Brown ...... 78 00 town, Ohio ...... 35 00 Henri Ferger ...... 70 18 Y. W. M. S., Second, To­ T. M. Smith ...... 65 00 pek a , K a n s ...... 35 00 Miss C. M. W. Foster --- 60 00 Individual, Second, Chi­ Rev. J. W. Ballantyne .. 58 78 ca g o , 111...... 30 00 Fourth, Cleveland, Ohio, Christian Association, Congregation ...... 52 00 Wellesley College, Wel­ Calcutta, Ohio, Sabbath lesley, Mass ...... 25 00 S ch o o l ...... 50 00 Central, Omaha, Neb., Mrs. Wm. Linn, in Memory Sabbath School ...... 20 00 of her Mother, Mrs. Sa­ Monmouth, Cal., Sabbath rah Dougherty ...... 5C 00 S chool, ...... 16 00 M rs. J osep h in e D. M a rtin 50 00 Primary Dept., Grove Sabbath School Class No. C ity, P a ...... 15 00 12, L a tr o b e , P a ...... 50 00 Seventh, Phila., Pa., Dor­ C. G. M a tth ew s ...... 50 00 cas Teas Society ...... 15 00 C. E. S., First, Seattle, George C. Shane Refund.. 12 98 W a s h ...... 50 00 King’s Daughters, Brook­ John McKelvey ...... 50 00 in g s, S. D ...... 10 00 M iss E m m a S ch ooley .... 40 00 Sabbath School, Brook­ Samuel Torrence and T. in g s, S. D ...... 10 00 G. Peacock ...... 35 00 Seventh, Phila., Pa., Jun­ Rev. J. W. Balantyne, Un­ ior Mission Band ...... 5 00 expended Traveling Bal­ a n ce ...... 33 35 $1,214.08 Ingram, Pa., Men’s Bible C lass ...... 31 25 GIRLS’ COLLEGE, CAIRO. Miss Jennie McAllister .. 30 00 Third, Pittsburgh, Pa., Miss Mary L. Kennedy .. $1,000 00 Sabbath School ...... 27 47 Jane W. McElhinney .... 2 00 M iss N e ttie R o b e r tso n .. 25 00 Bellefontaine, Ohio, Cong. 2 00 Y. P. C. U., Morning Sun, Io w a ...... 25 00 $1,004 00 Mrs. J. J. Armstrong .... 25 00 First, Mansfield, Ohio, LIBRARY ENDOWMENT FUND, Sabbath School ...... 25 00 ASSIUT COLLEGE. Miss Mary Henrietta Cow- Mrs. Eleanor Hanria Gray den, Unexpended Trav­ M em oria l ...... $100 00 eling Balance ...... 16 70 Mrs.. L. C. Morgan ...... 15 00 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 281

T. P. C. U., Johnstown, L A D IE S ’ M IS S IO N A R Y SOCIE- N . Y ...... 11 25 TIES. Berean Class of the Unit­ ed Presbyterian Bible Seventh, Phila., Pa ...... $150 00 S ch ool, F o w le r, Cal. .. 10 00 Rock Valley, Iowa ...... 37 18 Miss Mary Henrietta Cow- Springfield, Mo...... 26 25 d en ...... 7 30 First, Baltimore, Md...... 20 00 Fowler, Cal., Sabbath Idaville, Ind...... 10 00 S ch ool ...... 6 00 First, New Wilmington, Mrs. Thos. C. Lowman .. 5 00 P a ...... 10 00 Miss Lulu U. Martin .... 5 00 Second, New Wilmington, M rs. J. C. M u lford ...... 3 50 P a ...... 6 00 Ninth Ave., Monmouth, First, Erie, Pa ...... 6 00 111., Congregation ...... 2 53 Juniors, First, Clinton, $265 43 M a ss...... 2 00 WOMEN’S BOARD ACCOUNT. $4,046 23 Monongahela Presbytery, First, Wilkinsburg, Pa., S U D A N B O Y S ’ H O M E . Congregation ...... $150 00 Teachers, Knoxville Col­ Piqua, Ohio, Y. P. C. U. 23 00 lege, Knoxville, Tenn... $37 50 J oh n stow n , P a ., C ong. .. 25 00 $173 00 Mrs. J. G. Bull ...... 5 00 TURKISH RELIEF FUND. $67 50 Beaver Valley, Presbytery $1 00 SPECIALS TO SUDAN. AUTO TRUCK, INDIA. Y. P. C. U-, Sterling, K a n s ...... $50 33 College Springs, la, Con­ C. E. S., Third, Pittsburgh, g re g a tio n $40 90 P a ...... 37 40 Miss Nettle Robertson .. 25 00 EGYPTIAN TRUST FUND $112 73 INCOME. 1913. M ay 12 ...... $30 00 SUDAN BOAT FUND. O ctob er 22 ...... 21 00 Morning Sun, Ohio, Sab­ November 3 ...... 40 06 b a th S ch ool ...... $8 53 1914. Huntsville, Ohio. Sabbath A p ril 23 ...... 21 00 S ch ool ...... 5 00 A p ril 30 ...... 37 76 Kenton, Ohio, Sabbath S ch o o l ...... 1 45 $149 82

$14 98 MATTHEW NICKLE MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. MATURED ANNUITY DONATION. 1913. Mrs. Sarah J. Gillespie .. $500 00 M a y 10 ...... $39 00 SALE OF CHICAGO LOTS. N o v e m b e r 10 ...... 39 00 N ov e m b e r 13, 1913 $150 00 A p ril 8, 1914 ...... 213 75 $78 00

$363 75 MATTHEW NICKLE MEMORIAL FUND IN TRUST, INCOME. 1913. INDIA FAMINE ORPHANS’ FUND. M a y 10 ...... $51 00 Mr. and Mrs. D. C. McGee $25 00 November 10 ...... 5100 J. V. Anderson ...... 20 00 Stanwood, Iowa, Sabbath $102 00 School, Birthday Offer­ in g s ...... 16 52 REV. JOHN B. DALES, D.D., SEMI-CENTENNIAL FUND $61 52 INCOME. 1914. ROBERT ARTHINGTON REFUND. A p ril 30 ...... $250 00 1913. Ju ly 12, D e itrich R e im e r. $46 28 WALLACE KIDD MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. PRESSLY MEMORIAL INSTITUTE 1913. INCOME. M a y 26 ...... $30 00 N o v e m b e r 24 ...... 30 00 Riverside Irrigation Dis­ trict Bonds ...... $24 00 $60 00 282 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

MRS, ELIZA J. DALES MEMO­ STERRETT AND AGNES CUM­ RIAL FUND INCOME. MINS MEMORIAL FUND 1913. INCOME. J u ly 14 ...... $20 78 1913. N o v e m b e r 17 ...... 6 92 N o v e m b e r 3 $4 02 1914. 1914. F e b ru a ry 18 ...... 9 61 A p ril 30 ...... 45 90 A p ril 4 ...... 7 70 A p ril 29 ...... 3 46 $49 92

$48 47 CAMPBELL B. HERRON MEMO­ RIAL FUND INCOME. MR. AND MRS. GEO. S. BRUSH 1913. ENDOWMENT FUND October 14 ...... $18 00 INCOME. 1914. 1913. A p ril 8 ...... 11 10 A u g u st 18 ...... $30 00 A p r il 30 ...... 203 64 1914. A p ril 23 ...... 30 00 $232 74 $60 00 GIBSON TRUST FUND INCOME. SARAH A. SAWYER MEMORIAL 1913. FUND INCOME. J u ly 1 ...... $296 37 1913. O c to b e r 2 ...... 165 29 J u n e 14 ...... $75 00 1914. September 8 ...... 6750 J an u a ry 2 ...... 543 40 D e c e m b e r 15 ...... 7500 A p ril 2 ...... 572 11 1914. J a n u a ry 5 ...... 4530 $1,577 17

$262 80 SAMUEL KERR FUND INCOME. FUND 1913. ARCHIBALD LENDRUM M a y 26 ...... $3 00 INCOME. J u ly 1 ...... 36 30 1913. Ju ly 19 ...... 36 00 M a y 10 ...... $12 00 J u ly 28 15 00 J u n e 14 ...... 39 00 A u g u st 18 12 90 90 00 J u ly 19 ...... S e p tem b er 8 27 00 J u ly 28 ...... 60 81 O cto b e r 14 ...... 6 75 A u g u st 5 ...... 37 71 33 00 November 3 ...... 71 06 S e p tem b er 22 ...... N o v e m b e r 17 ...... 18 00 O cto b e r 16 ...... 34 29 November 24 ...... 3 00 O cto b e r 20 ...... 12 00 1914. October 22 ...... 30 00 J a n u a ry 5 18 20 D e c e m b e r 15 ...... 39 00 J a n u a ry 8 ...... 36 30 1914. J an u a ry 26 36 00 J a n u a ry 8 ...... 63 00 F e b ru a ry 3 15 00 J an u a ry 26 ...... 90 00 February 3 ...... 60 81 F e b ru a ry 24 ...... 12 90 A p ril 8 F e b ru a ry 24 ...... 100 71 ...... 4 16 A p ril 30 ...... 143 10 M a rch 28 ...... 45 00 A p r il 23 ...... 30 00 $494 67 A p ril 30 ...... 16 20

$793 53 JAMES JUNK FUND INCOME. 1913. L. AND M. E. A FUND INCOME. M ay 26 ...... $37 50 1913. | Ju ly 1 ...... 12 00 Ju ly 1 ...... $30 00 Ju ly 15 ...... 33 00 1914. Ju ly 19 ...... 37 50 J an u a ry 8 30 00 O cto b e r 22 ...... 30 00 N o v e m b e r 24 ...... 37 50 $60 00 1914. J an u a ry 8 ...... 12 00 PRESSLY MEMORIAL FUND J an u a ry 14 ...... 70 50 INCOME. A p ril 23 ...... 30 00 1913. A u g u st 18 $82 50 $300 00 O cto b e r 14 ...... 20 25 N o v e m b e r 17 ...... 23 03 MARY L. PRATT FUND INCOME. 1914. 1913. F e b ru a ry 17 ...... 82 50 J u ly 15’ ...... $9 00 A p ril 8 12 49 1914. A p ril 30 121 73 J an u a ry 14 ...... 9 00

$342 50 $18 00 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 283

MRS. JANE E. MACK MEMORIAL ROBERTSON MEMORIAL FUND FUND INCOME. INCOME. 1913. 1913. A u g u st 5 12 00 Ju ly 19 ...... $15 00 A u g u st 18 ...... 3 00 1914. 1914. Jan u a ry 26 15 00 F e b ru a ry 17 ...... 12 00 F e b ru a ry 24 ...... 3 00 $30 00

$30 00 ELIZABETH ADAIR CURRIE FUND INCOME. ELLA JANE DYSART FUND 1913. INCOME. A u g u st 5 ...... $17 29 1913. O c to b e r 16 ...... 15 71 Ju ly 1 ...... $15 00 1914. 1914. J an u a ry 8 ...... 27 00 J a n u a ry 8 ...... 15 00 F e b ru a ry 24 44 29

$30 00 $104 29

JAMES S. McNART FUND REV. W. W. BARR, D.D., MEMO­ INCOME. RIAL FUND INCOME. 1913. 1914. J u ly 1 ...... $26 70 J an u a ry 8 ...... $15 00 J u ly 15 ...... 25 80 F e b ru a ry 24 ...... 15 00 O cto b e r 14 ...... 9 00 1914. $30 00 J a n u a ry 8 ...... 26 70 J an u a ry 14 ...... 25 80 MARGARET WILSON MEMORIAL A p ril 8 ...... 5 55 FUND INCOME. A p ril 30 ...... 102 09 1913. June 14 ...... $30 00 $221 64 1914. J a n u a ry 19 ...... 3000 MARY STERRIT MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. $60 00 1913. M ay 12 ...... $14 29 November 3 ...... 14 29 ROBERT DWIGHT FOSTER ME­ MORIAL FUND INCOME. $28 58 1913. Ju ly 15 ...... $30 00 1914. ELIZA CHRISTIE FUND INCOME. J an u a ry 14 ...... 30 00 1913. M ay 12 ...... $21 61 $60 00 Ju n e 14 ...... 54 00 Ju ly 15 ...... 6 00 Ju ly 19 ...... 30 00 VIRGINIA M. HANEY MEMORIAL Ju ly 28 ...... 8 39 FUND INCOME. A u g u st 18 ...... 60 00 1913. November 3 ...... 21 61 M a y 10 $18 00 1914. S ep tem b er 22 ...... 12 00 January 14 ...... 6 00 October 20 ...... 18 00 J an u a ry 19 ...... 54 00 1914. February 3 ...... 8 39 M a rch 28 ...... 30 00 February 9 ...... 30 00 M a rch 23 ...... 60 00 $78 00 A p ril 30 ...... 116 66 THOS. S. AND MARY J. McCLAN- $476 66 AHAN MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. JOSEPH ÄND ELIZA BARR ME­ 1913. MORIAL FUND INCOME. M a y 10 ...... $30 00 1914. N o v e m b e r 10 3000 A p ril 30 ...... $110 83 $60 00 JAMES AND AGNES SANKEY MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. McCARRELL-MOORE FUND 1913. INCOME. A u g u st 1 2 ...... $30 00 1913. 1914. J u ly 28 ...... $30 00 F e b ru a ry 3 30 00 1914. F e b ru a ry 3 3000 $60 00 $60 00 284 Annual Report—-Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

MRS. AGNES A. CLARK, JESSIE ROBERT WOOD LYNN MEMO­ AND MART CLARK MEMO­ R I A L B E D . RIAL FUND INCOME. 1913. Mr. Hugh Lynn ...... $50 00 M a y 10 ...... $6 00 O c to b e r 22 ...... 9 00 ROBERT WOOD LYNN MEMO­ November 1 0 ...... 6 00 RIAL SCHOLARSHIP. 1914. Mr. Hugh Lynn A p ril 23 ...... 9 00 ...... $50 00

$80 00 CHARITY PORTER MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. KENNETH WILSON SMITH ME­ 1913. J u n e 21 ...... $28 50 MORIAL FUND INCOME. 1913. J u ly 14 $6 75 MISCELLANEOUS. 1914. Annuity Fund Income, F e b ru a ry 18 ...... 3 13 G en era l ...... $2,092 60 A p ril 4 ...... 2 50 Annuity Fund Income, A p ril 29 ...... 1 12 S p ecial ...... 768 00 Alfred Putnam, Special, $13 50 E g y p t ...... 4 13 Crown Surgical Instru­ NELSON PRATT MEMORIAL ment, Special, Egypt 4 87 FUND INCOME. United Presbyterian Board 1913. of Publication, Special, J u ly 14 ...... $27 00 In d ia ...... 15 85 1914. Board of Foreign Msslons F e b ru a ry 18 ...... 12 50 of the Presbyterian A p ril 4 ...... 10 00 Church, Special, India.. 1 68 A p ril 29 ...... 4 50 Board of Home Missions R e fu n d ...... 26 07 $54 00 $2,913 20 Annual Report— Receipts. 285

Receipts from 1859 to 1914.

1859 ...... t 8,574 00 1897 Ordinary Sources, . f 120,520 74 1860 ...... 14,332 77 1897 Trust Funds, etc., . 9,000 00 1861...... 21,274 68 1898 Ordinary Sources, . 114,330 17 1862 ...... 23,116 32 1898 Trust Funds, etc., . 10,416 70 1863 ...... 25,888 35 1899 Ordinary Sources, . 138,982 22 1864 ...... 37,880 37 1899 Trust Funds, etc., . 13,052 50 1865 ...... 78,109 49 1900 Ordinary Sources, . 136,870 76 1866 ...... 55,738 10 1900 Trust Funds, etc., . 35,3b5 46 1867 ...... 61,955 10 1901 Ordinary Sources, . 162,727 92 1868 ...... 71,699 76 1901 Trust Funds, etc., . 46,382 46 1869 ...... 50,624 62 1902 Ordinary Sources, . 148,212 29 1870 ...... 51,866 59 1902 Trust Funds, etc., . 38,874 30 1871...... 47,620 74 1903 Ordinary Sources, . 184,515 78 1872 ...... 51,694 89 1903 Trust Funds, etc., . 69,289 19 1873 ...... 50,640 601904 Ordinary Sources, . 194,405 18 1874 ...... 59,460 98 1904 Trust Funds, etc., . 24,833 42 1875 ...... 66,777 76 1905 Ordinary Sources, . 176,266 05 1876 ...... 60,126 66 1905 Trust Funds, etc., . 76,310 28 1877 ...... 74,015 70 1906 Ordinary Sources, . 184,339 77 1878 ...... 47,551 01 1906 Trust Funds, etc., . 78,029 66 1879 ...... 51,321 93 1907 Ordinary Sources, . 178,557 30 1880 ...... 66,958 29 1907 Trust Funds, etc., . 88,686 67 1881...... 65,032 33 1907 Special Donations . 93,000 00 1882 ...... 77,859 80 1908 Ordinary Sources, . 200,299 58 1883 ...... 102,839 46 1908 Trust Funds, etc., . 106,498 02 1884 ...... 69,186 22 1908 Special Donations . 12,000 00 1885 ...... 71,787 96 1909 Ordinary Sources, . 214,258 57 1886 ...... 86,352 77 1909 Trust Funds, etc., . 146,988 56 1887 ...... 83,943 80 1909 Special Donations . 37,000 00 1888 ...... 100,323 11 1910 Ordinary Sources, . 203,591 51 1889 ...... 108,585 13 1910 Trust Funds, etc., . 136,503 77 1890 ...... 100,539 36 1910 Special Donations . 8,000 00 1 891...... 105,116 17 1911 Ordinary Sources, 222,324 89 1892 ...... 112,816 02 1911 Trust Funds, etc., . 122,862 66 1893 ...... 115,892 87 1912 Ordinary Sources, 222,343 09 1894 ...... 112,314 54 1912 Trust Funds, etc., . 167,396 76 1895 Ordinary Sources, . 104,905 80 1913 Ordinary Sources, 274,094 06 1895 Trust Funds, etc., . 14,425 88 1913 Trust Funds, etc., 185,728 62 1896 Ordinary Sources, . 122,938 65 1914 Ordinary Sources, 263,962 38 1896 Trust Funds, etc., . 7,882 22 1914 Trust Funds, etc., 185,243 84 286 Annual Report— Incorporation.

ACT OF INCORPORATION.

A n A c t t o I n c o r p o r a t e t h e B o a r d o f F o r e i g n M i s s io n s o f t h e U n i t e d P resbyterian C h u r c h o e N o r t h A m e r i c a .

W hereas, The General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church of North America has a Board of Foreign Missions composed of ministers and laymen, members of the said church, the design of which is the establishing and conducting Christian Missions among the unevangelized or pagan nations, and the general diffusion of Christianity. A nd W hereas, The aforesaid Board of Foreign Missions labors under Serious disadvantages as to receiving donations and bequests, and as to the management of funds entrusted to them for the purpose designated in their Constitution, and in accordance with the benevolent intentions of those from whom such bequests and donations are received ; therefore : Section i . Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and is hereby enacted by the authority of the same: That James Prestley, John B. Dales, Francis Church, Thomas H Hanna, Samuel C. Huey, William Getty, Thomas Stinson, and William W. Barr, citizens of the United States and of the Commonwealth of Pennsyl­ vania and their successors, are hereby constituted and declared to be a body politic and corporate, which shall henceforth be known by the name of the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North A merica, and as such shall have perpetual succession, and be able to sue and be sued in all the courts of record and elsewhere, and to purchase and receive, take and hold to them and their successors forever, lands, tenements, hereditaments, money, goods and chattels and all kind of estate which may be devised, bequeathed or given to them, and the same to sell, alien, demise and convey, also to make and use a common Seal, and the same to alter and renew at their pleasure, and also to make such rules, by-laws and ordinances, as may be needful for the government of the said Corporation, and not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the United States and this State. Provided always, that the clear and annual income of the real and personal estate held by this Corporation shall not at any time exceed the sum of twenty thousand dollars. The Corpora­ tion or persons above named shall hold their offices for three years from the date of this act, and until their successors are duly qualified to take their places who shall be chosen at such times and in such way and manner as shall be prescribed by the said General Assembly of the United Presby­ terian Church of North America. The said Board hereby incorporated and their successors shall be subject to the direction of said General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, have full power to manage the funds and property committed to their care in such a manner as shall be most advantageous, not being contrary to law. James R. Kelly, Speaker of the House of Representatives. D. Fleming, Speaker o f the Senate. Approved the Twelfth day of Aoril, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six. A. G. C u r t i n , Governor. Outlines of Missionary Sermons and Addresses. 287

OUTLINES FOR MISSIONARY SERMONS AND ADDRESSES.

Note—In some cases paragraphs or sections of paragraphs on a page are designated by letters, as “ a,” “b,” “c,” etc., following the number of the page.

I. Conditions: 1. Of Poverty, 148, 241d. 2. Of Ignorance, 126ef, 148b, 187a. 3. Of General Degradation, 210b, 241d. 4. Of Spiritual Degradation, 154bc, 163c, 164cd, 168c, 211de. 5. Of Fanaticism, 81bcd. 6. Degradation of Women, 91d, 92b, 93b.

II. Mission Districts: To present the entire work of any single district, look up the page references given under the name of that district in the Topical Index.

III. Missionary Methods: An effective address can be given on the various methods used on the foreign field. Look up page references under each method given in the Topical Index. A logical classi­ fication of the various missionary methods is the follow­ ing: 1. Evangelistic Work: (1) Congregational. (a) Preaching, see Congregational in Top­ ical Index. (b) Sabbath School, see Sabbath Schools in Topical Index. (c) Christian Endeavor, see Christian En­ deavor Society in Topical Index. (2) Harem or Zenana Work, 83-95, 178. (3) Itinerating. (a) By Boat, 921), 94, 125. (b) In Tents, 172-190.

2. Educational Work: (1) Literary. (a) Primary or Village Schools, 98, 107, 191, 194. (b) City, High or Boarding Schools, 99, 108- 110, 195-207. (c) Special Institutions, Colleges, Semina­ ries, 101, 104, 111, 207, 209. (2) Industrial, 201, 202, 249. 288 Outlines of Missionary Sermons and Addresses.

3. Medical Work: ( 1) Hospitals, see Hospitals in Topical Index. ( 2) Dispensaries, 127, 210, 212, 213, 246-248. ( 3) Itinerating, 125.

4. Book Work: See Book Distribution in Topical Index. ( 1) Preparation of Literature. (2) Distribution. (a) Book Shops and Reading Rooms. (b) Colporteurs. (c) Missionary Itinerating.

IV . Money: 1. The American Church’s Gifts, 37, 47-51. 2. The Urgency of the Need, 40, 54. 3. The Grace of Giving in Mission Lands, see all page refer­ ences to Self-Support.

V. Needs: 1. Owing to Number of Heathen Unreached, 20d, 75e, 82c, 86f, 94a, 114a, 164a, 174b, 179b, 185b, 205b, 206c, 246bc. 2. Owing to Number of Converts Requiring Care, 95b, 107b, 148b, 154c. 3. Owing to Conditions of People, see above under “I. Con­ ditions.” 4. Owing to Lack of Proper Equipment, Buildings, 20e, 40, 97d, 105e, 106b. 174a, 197g, 200d, 202c.

VI. Opposition Encountered: See Opposition in Topical Index.

VII. Prayer: 1. Appeals Made for Prayer, see “Prayer Asked for,” in Top­ ical Index. 2. Efficacy of Prayer, 90a, 123d, 180a.

Vi 11. Successes: 1. Numerical, see Statistical. 2. Change of Character, 86b, 90a, 99d, 113b, 165d, 167c, 180a, 198<3, 205e, 237b, 242e, 243c. 3. Liberality, see Self-Support in Topical Index. 4. Opening Doors, see Opportunity in Topical Index. Topical Index. 289

TOPICAL INDEX.

Note— In some cases paragraphs or sections of paragraphs on a page are designated by letters, as “a,” “b,” “c,” etc., following th€ number of the page.

Act of Incorporation, 286. Catholics, see Roman Catholics. Address— Of Board Officers,, 4 ; of Christian Endeavor Society: In Missionaries, 6, 7, 8. Egypt, 74, 103a, 112e; in India, Administration, Changes in, 30. 156. Alexandria, 84c, 100c. Christian Training Institute, 158c, “Allegheny,” 92b, 125. 197. Alphabetical List of Missionaries, Christian University for Egypt, 31, 252, 259. lOOd. Annuities, 14. Church, Native, see Congrega­ Appropriations, see Budget. tional. Assembly, Report of Board to, Colleges, see Assiut College, Cairo 15-51; Committee on Foreign Girls’ College, Gordon Mission Board, 52; Appropriations, see College. Budget; Report of Women’s Colporteur, see Book Distribution. Board, 56-59; Com m ittee on Congregational Life: In Egypt, 67- W om en’s Board, 60. 76; in India, 147; in Sudan, 234. Assiut, 89, 101, 122. Conferences, 28f. Assiut College, 101. I Contents, Table of, 2. Assiut Hospital, 123. Contributions, see Finance, Self- Associate Secretaries, 30, 34c. Support, Treasurer’s Report. Coptic Church, 71, 80h. Beneficence, see Finance; also I Correspondence with Missionaries, Self-Support. I 6-8, 14. Benha, 87b, 99d, 108c. ! Corresponding Secretary, 30a, 34c. Beni Suef, 89, 108f. Bequest, Form of, 14. i Death of Kate A. Corbett, 35, 145; Bhera, Name of this Mission Sta­ of R. W. Tidrick, 35. tion is now Sargodha. Debt, 40. Bible, see Book Distribution. Departments of Work: Bible Schools in India, 169. See Evangelistic, Educational, Bible Societies, see Book Distri- Sabbath School, Harem or . bution. Women’s Work, Book Distribu­ Bible and Prayer Conferences, see tion, Medical; also Congrega­ Summer Schools. tional. Board of Foreign Missions; Mem­ Deputation to Colleges, 27d. bers of, 4, 5 ; Time of Meeting, Districts, see Mission Districts. 4 ; Report to Assembly, 15-51; Doleib Hill, 231b, 237, 249b. Increase in Membership, 41, 53; Assembly’s Committee on, 52. Educational Work: In Egypt, 31, Book Distribution: In Egypt, 78ab, 96-116; in India, 191-209; in Su­ 117-120; in India, 176-178; in Su­ dan, 240-244. dan, 245. EGYPT — Missionaries’ Addresses, Budget, 39, 54. 6, 7 ; Statistics, 9 ; see Statisti­ Cablegram, Pastor’s, 28. cal; P ast Year in, 16-21; Chris­ Cairo, 88, lOOd, 106c, 108. tian University, 31; Report of Cairo Christian University, 31, Mission, 63-140 ; Introduction, lOOd. 65; Native Evangelical Church, Cairo Girls’ College, or Boarding 67-76; Evangelistic Work, 77-82'; School, 111. Harem Work, 83-95; Educational 290 Topical Index.

Work, 96-116; Book Department, 1 EGYPT: Faithful Pastors, 69ef; 117-120; Medical Work, 121-131; ! A Poor Gardener Starts a Missionaries by Stations 1913, Church, 70de; Powerful Influ­ 132; Statistics, 134-140. ence of the Christ Life, 72d; “ Egypt and the Christian Cru­ Wide Influence of Sabbath sade,” see inside of Cover. School, 73b; Young People Who Egyptian Sudan, see Sudan; “ Sor­ Do Things, 74g, 75ab; At a Mos­ row and Hope of the Egyptian lem “ Prayer Meeting,” 79e; Sudan,” see inside of Cover. Evangelism by Newspaper, 80d; Estimates for Year’s Work, 39. Unworthy Christians Hinder, Evangelistic Work: In Egypt, 77- 80h; A “ Good Witnesser” Re­ 82; in India, 172-190; in Sudan, cants, 81c; As Christ Answered, 234-239. 84e; The Work of “ The Com­ Every-Member Canvass, 43d; see forter,” 85d; Sermon on Love United Missionary Campaign. Ends Strife, 86b; Open-Minded Moslems, 87a; An Immediate Faiyum, 89, lOOh, 110b, 12'7. Answer to Prayer, 90a; A Dis­ “Far North in India,” see inside tinguished and Sincere Inquirer, of Cover. 92c; Fearless Christian Boy, 99d; Student Evangelists, 103a; FINANCE— 37, 39; Treasurer’s “ She Learns Too Fast,” 108d; Exhibit, 46-51; Detailed Report, A Testimony to Mission Schools, 267-285; see Estimates, Budget, 109b; Commencement of First Self-Support. Graduate from Girls’ College, Form of Will, 14. llle ; Changed Attitude Toward Fowler Orphanage, 106. Bible, 113b; The “ Soft Answer” Funds, Special, 52, 54. Method, 118d; Grateful Tourists, 123b; Hungry Moslems, 124ab; Ceaeral Assembly, see Assembly. Christ-like Spirit in Controver­ General Information, 14. sy, 129f; An Effective Evangel­ General Summary: Statistics, 12; ist, 130. Historical, 13. Giving, see Contributions. “God’s Plan for World Redemp­ INDIA: Unique C. E. Convention, tion,” see inside of Cover. 157a; They Came a Long Way, Good Illustrations, see Illustra­ 159b, 160c; A Contribution of tions. Six Months’ Wages, 162f; Bear­ Good Samaritan Hospital, 211. ing Others’ Burdens, 163c; The Gordon Mission College, 207. Gospel Changes Life, 165d; Pain Gujranwala, 147c, 148, 155c, 159a, Forgotten in Christ, 167c; Criti­ 162, 165, 169c, 1721), 179, 191, 195, cism of America, 173c; 20th Cen­ 206, 209. tury “ Macedonian Call,” 174b; Gujranwala High School, 206. Love Wins, 174c; Educated In­ Gurdaspur, 148, 157b, 159, 162, 165, quirers, 175a; Effective Personal 170b, 172, 180, 185, 191. Work, 175c; Hindus Rebuke the I Missionary, 176b; Prayer An­ Handbook, 29. swered When Husband Reforms, Harem Work in Egypt, 83-95. 180a; Suffragette Fame, 180c; Historical Sketch, 13. Mysterious Power in The Book, Hospitals, see Assiut Hospital, 183b; A Moslem Woman’s Influ­ Tanta Hospital, Memorial Hos­ ence, 183c; The Soft Answer pital, Good Samaritan Hospital, Again, 185c; Excitement About White Memorial Hospital, Sar- a School, 192a; An Evangelistic godha Mission Hospital. ' Choir, 193e; Girls Who Know i Their Bibles, 19 8d; The Effect of “Ibis,” 94. j a Doll, 200f; School Boy Illustration, List of, 3. i Pranks, 205e; Characteristics of I Indian Students, 208; Villainous Illustrations for Missionary Ad­ | Husbands, 210bc; Difficult Peo- dresses, etc.—See also pages i pie, 212d. 287-288. Topical Index. 291

SUDAN: Mission Store Closed, DIA: See Gujranwala, Gurdas- 231b, 249b; First Convert South­ par, Jhelum, Khangah Dogran, ern Sudan, 237b; Reforming a Lyallpur, Pasrur, Pathankot, Boy, 242e; Gospel Triumph in Rawalpindi, Sangla Hill, Sar- a Little Girl, 243c; True to His godha (formerly Bhera), SiaJ- Promise First of All, 248d. kot, Zafarwal. SUDAN: See Doleib Hill, Khartum, Nasser. In Memoriam, 145. Missionaries: Names and Ad­ dresses, 6-8; Movements of, 35; India—Missionaries’ Addresses, 7, New Appointments, 41; by Sta­ 8; Statistics, 10; see Statistical; tions during 1913, 132, 216; Al­ Past Year in, 21-24; Report of phabetical List of, 252-259. Mission, 141-227; Introduction, Missionary and Efficiency Com­ 143; In Memoriam, 145; Work mittee, 41. Among Christians, 147-171; Mission Study Classes, 28e. Evangelistic Work, 172-190; Ed­ Mohammedans, Work Among: ucational Work, 191-209; Med­ Egypt, 79; India, 178-190. ical Work, 210-215; Missionaries Money, see Self-Support, Treas­ by Stations, 216-220; Statistics, urer’s Report, Finance. 221-227. Money Values in Egypt, India anf* Industrial Work: In India, 201, Sudan, 14. 202; in Sudan, 249. Monsurah, 86c, 99c, 109d. Information, General, 14. Moslem, see Mohammedan. Institutions, see College, Hospital, Industrial, Theological. Nasser, 236b, 248. Itinerating, see Evangelistic. Need, 20def, 40, 75, 82, 86f, 94a, 95b, 97d, 105e, 106b, 107b, 114a, Jhelum, 149, 155d, 158a, 160, 170e, 148b, 154c, 164a, 174ab, '179b, 173, 180, 186, 194, 203, 211. 185b, 197g, 200d, 202c, 205b, 206c, Kaliub Orphanage, 105. 246bc. Khangah Dogran, 149, 157, 159b, New Missionaries’ Fund, 40, 53a. 162, 166, 173, 181, 186, 192, 194. New Wilmington Conference, 28f. Khartum, 234, 241, 249a. Nile Boats, 921), 94, 125. Khartum North, 235b, 242, 247. Nuers, 248. Liberality, see Self-Support, Treas Omdurman, see Khartum. urer’s Report. Opportunity, 16e, 23b, 68g, 79, 98d, Literature, Missionary, 29; see 99b, 114a, 120b, 174b, 189c. inside pages of cover for adver­ Opposition, 68d, 81, 84e, 97ab, 104c, tisements. 118e, 119a, 172c, 188d, 194ce. Literature, Distribution of; see Orphanages, 105. Book Distribution. Luxor, 91, lOOg. Outlines for Missionary Sermons Lyallpur. 150, 160, 163, 166, 173, and Addresses, etc., 287-288. 181, 186, 192. Pasrur, 151, 155f, 156b, 158b, 160, 163c, 166, 170g, 182’, 187, 192, 211. Map: Of Egypt, opposite page 140; Pastor’s Cablegram, 28. of India, opposite page 228. Past Year in Egypt, 16; in India, Medical Work: In Egypt, 121-131; 21; in Sudan, 24; in America, 27. in India, 210-215; in Sudan, 246- Pathankot, 151, 160, 164, 167, 170h, 248. 174, 176, 187, 192, 194, 199, 213. Melas, 169, 177. Persecution, see Opposition. Memorial Funds, 37, 38. Postage Rates, 14. Memorial Hospital, 210. Prayer Asked for, 82'd, 114b, 149a, Methods of Work, see Depart­ 152b, 154c, 204g, 207e, 212e. ments. Pressly Memorial Institute, 110. Minieh, 90d. Prizes Given by Mrs. Helen Gould Mission Districts—EGYPT: See Shepard, 107c, 109c, 244b. Alexandria, Assiut, Benha, Beni j Progress, 17b, 70b, 71e, 102c, 126, Suef, Cairo, Faiyum, Luxor, 163a, 166ab, 191c, 193d, 200g, 203a, 234b. Mon « 1 1 rah. Tanta. Zakazik. IN- I 292 Topical Index.

Rawalpindi, 152b, 156e, 160, 171b, | 251; Introduction, 231; E van­ 174, 177, 182, 188, 196, 205, 207. gelistic Work, 234; Sabbath Report of Board to Assembly, 15- Schools, 238; Educational Work, 51; of Assembly’s Committee, 240; Book Department, 245; 52; Budget, 54; of Women’s Medical Work, 246; Industrial Board, 56-59; A ssem bly’s Com­ W ork, 249; Statistics, 251. mittee on Women’s Board, 60; “Sudan, Sorrow and Hope of Egyp­ of Egypt Mission, 63-140; of In­ tian,” see inside of Cover. dia Mission, 141-227; of Sudan Summary of All Work, 121; H is­ Mission, 229-251. torical, 13. Roman Catholics, 150c, 151b, Summer Bible Schools in India, 154bc, 163abc, 164cd, 166d, 168c. 169. Summer Schools, at New Wilming- Sabbath School, Literature for, ton 'and Tarkio, 28f. 27e. Survey of Year, Past, 16-38; New, Sabbath School Work: In Egypt, 39-44. 73; in India, 154; in Sudan, 238. Survey of Missions’ Histories, 13. Salvation Army, 154b. Sangla Hill, 156c, 161, 164, 167, Tables: Of Contents, 2 ; of Illus­ 170c, 175, 182, 188, 193, 200. trations, 3. Sargodha, 152, 156d, 161, 164, 168, Tables of Statistics, see Statisti­ 171c, 175, 183, 189, 193, 195, 201, cal. 213. Tanta, 86f, 109b, 128. Sargodha Mission Hospital, 213. Tanta Hospital, 128. Schools, see Educational. Tarkio Conference, 28f. Self-Support and Contributions, Thanks, 31b, 44, 45, 103d, 197g. 148b, 149 b, 160d, 162f. Theological Seminary: Egypt, Sermons, see Outlines on pages j 104; India, 209. 290-291. Treasurer’s Exhibit, 46-51; De­ Shilluks (formerly written Shul- I tailed, 267-285. la), 231b, 237, 249b. Trustees, Cairo University, 32. Sialkot, 153, 154, 158c, 161, 165, 168, 170d, 176, 184, 189, 193, 195, United Missionary Campaign, 29f. 197, 198, -205, 210. University for Egypt, 31, lOOd. “Sorrow and Hope of Egyptian Sudan,” see inside of Cover. White Memorial Hospital, 211. Statistical Tables: General, 12, 13; W ill, Form of, 14. Egypt, 9, 20, 67, 83, 96, 117, 121, Women’s Board, Report of, 56-59; 122, 125, 127, 128, 131, 134-140; A ssem bly’s Com m ittee on, 60. India, 10, 24, 195, 196, 197, 198, Women, Work for: In Egypt, 57, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 83-95; in India, 158, 165, 178-190. 206, 207, 215, 221-227; Sudan, 11, Women’s Missionary Societies in 27, 2:34, 240, 241, 242, 245, 246, India, 158. 247, 248, 251. Study Courses on Missions, see Young People’s Societies, see inside pages of Cover for Adver­ Christian Endeavor. tisements. Successes, see Progress. Zafarwal, 154, 162, 165, 168, 171d, 176, 185, 190, 193, 195. Sudan— Missionaries, 7; Statistics, Zakazik, 85c, 98d, 109e. 11; see Statistical; Past Year Zenana Work in India, 178. in, 24; Report of Mission, 229-