Board of Foreign Missions

0A* MISSIONS

^ r a r ^ . A n n u a l RTe x f o k t

-O F T H E - Board of Foreign Missions

-O F TH E— UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

—OF '—

NORTH AM ERICA

1 9 1 5 .

Containing The 56th Annual Report of the Board, Presented to the General Assembly at Loveland, Colo., May 26, 1915. Report of the Women’s Board to the General Assembly. The 60th Annual Report of the Mission in Egypt ; The 59th Annual Report of the Mission in India ; The 14th Annual Report of the Sudan Mission; General Statement of Receipts and Payments; &c., &c.,

PHILADELPHIA : Mr s . Hind a m m u n . The Woman Historian of Egypt. Sec p. i2i. CONTENTS.

PAGE The Board of Foreign M issions,...... 4~5 Post Office Addresses of Missionaries, ...... 6-8 Statistics—E gyp t, ...... 9 “ India, ...... 10 “ The Sudan...... n General Summary of the Entire Foreign W ork,...... 12 Historical Sketch, .... 13 General Information...... 14 The Board’s Annual Report to the General Assembly,...... 15 Report of the General Assembly’s Committee, • • 5° Appropriations of General Assembly,...... 52 Report of Women’s Board,...... 55 Report of the Mission in Egypt,...... 63 Report oi the Mission in In d ia ,...... 153 Report oi the Mission in the Sudan,...... 243 Alphabetical List of Missionaries, . 271 Treasurer’s R ep ort,...... 279 Act of Incorporation...... 319 Outlines for Missionary Sermons,...... 320 TOPICAL INDEX ...... ILLUSTRATIONS.

FACING PAGE Mrs. Hind Ammun, The Woman Historian of Egypt, . . . frontispiece i A Bedouin at Prayer in the D esert,...... 63 Faculty and Students Cairo Theological S em inary,...... 109 Arab Boys, Upper Egypt, ...... 124 Laboratory, Assiut College...... 124 Mrs. Ralph Erskine Ayers, ...... 155 Prof. W. E. N ico ll, ...... 156 Miss Emma Martha M inger,...... 157 Snap-shots from In dia,...... 183 An Indian Wood S e l l e r , ...... 200 A Hindu Bazaar,...... 212 Boys’ Industrial Home, Gujranwala,...... 212 Glimpses of Sudanese Life...... 245 The Doctor at Work in the S u d an ,...... 261 Map of Egypt, ...... 60 “ “ India...... 150 “ “ Sudan, ...... 240 BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS.

Members. ( REV. M. G. KYLE, D.D., LL.D. IQIWQ16 < “ CHAS- S- CLBLAND, D.D. 9 3 19 ° / “ W. M. ANDERSON, D.D. v- MR. GEO. INNES.

(REV. S. G. FITZGERALD. 1914-1917^ MR. ROBERT L. LATIMER. (M R . FR ED . O. SH AN E. R E V . T. B. TURN BULL, D.D. MR. JOHN R. MCLEAN.

5MR. ROBERT KILLOUGH. MR. JAS. H. KERR. OMcers.

P r e s i d e n t .

R e v . M. G. KYLE, D.D., IX. D., 1132 A rrott St., F rankford, Philadelphia, Pa.

R e c o r d i n g S e c r e t a r y .

R e v . C. S. CLBI/AND, D.D., 802 North 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

C orresponding S e c r e t a r y .

Re v . CHARLES R. WATSON, D.D., 200 North Fifteenth St., Philadelphia, Pa.

A s s o c i a t e S e c r e t a r y .

R e v . W. B. ANDERSON, D. D., 200 North Fifteenth St., Philadelphia, Pa.

A s s o c i a t e S e c r e t a r y .

R e v . NEAL McCLANAHAN, 200 North Fifteenth St., Philadelphia, Pa.

T r e a s u r e r .

ROBERT L. LATIMER, E sq ., 24 North Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Stated meeting at 1.30 o’clock p. m ., Second Tuesday in each month in the Second United Presbyterian Church, Race Street, near 16th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. OFFICERS OF THE BOARD SINCE ORGANIZATION.

P r e s id e n t s . 1859-71 Rev. Jos. T. Cooper, D. D. 1871-93 “ W . W . Barr, D. D. 1893- “ M. G. Kyle, D. D.

C orresponding S e c r e t a r ie s . 1859-93 Rev. J.* B. Dales, D. D. 1893-02 “ W. W. Barr, D. D. 1902- “ Chas. R. Watson, D. D.

R e c o r d in g S e c r e t a r ie s . 1859-66 Rev. F. Church. 1866-68 “ T. H. Hanna, D. D. 1868-71 “ F. Church. 1871-74 S. C. Huey. 1874-76 Rev. J. C. Wilson. 1879-78 Joseph D. McKee. 1878-80 Rev. J. B. Whitten. 1880-82 “ R. Stewart, D. D. 1882-96 “ D. W. Collins, D. D. 1896- “ C. S. Cleland. D. D.

T r e a s u r e r s . 1859-74 Thos. B. Rich. 1874-79 W illiam Getty. 1879-93 Joseph D. McKee. 1893- Robert L. Latimer

MEMBERS SINCE ORGANIZATION. 1859-61 Rev. J. T. Pressly, D. D. 1876-03 Rev. James Crowe, D. D. 1859-74 J. T. Cooper, D. D. 1878-93 Mr. Robert T. Elliott. i 859-75t U J. B. Dales, D. D. 1880-82 Rev. R. Stewart, D. D. 1859-63 “ G. C. Arnold. 1882-99 D. W. Collins, D. D. « 1859-80 F. Church. 1883-89 I. T. Wright. 1859-60 H. H. Blair. 1889- M. G. Kyle, D. D. 1859-66 Mr. T. D. Anderson. 1890-93 W . M. Gibson, D. D. 1859-76 u S. C. Huey. 1890-04 Mr. W*n. Neely. u 1859-64 T. B. Rich. 1893* Robert H. Ferguson. 1860-61 Rev. T. H. Beveridge. 1893- Rev. S. G. Fitzgerald. u i 86i-94f W . W . Barr, D. D. 1893- Mr. Robert L. Latimer. it 1861-66 James Prestly, D. D. 1894-03 Ci Samuel Walker. 1863-68 Mr. J. M. Wallace. 1894- Rev. Chas. S. Cleland, D. D. n 1864-95 Thos. Stinson. 1895* Mr. Jas. A. Elliott. 1864-80 a Wm. H. Getty. 1896-03 “ Wm. A. Brown. 1866-68 Rev. T. H. Hanna, D. D. 1899- Rev. W. M. Anderson, D. D. 1868-76 a W . C. Jackson. 1903- T. B. Turnbull, D. D. 1868-90 Mr. John Alexander. 1903- Hr. John R. McLean. (Í 1869-75 Rev. J. M. Hutchinson. 1903-07 James S. McCracken. 1874-76 “ J. C. Wilson, D. D. 1904* U Robt. H. Ferguson. 1875-90 “ S. G. Fitzgerald. 1905- a F. 0 . Shane. i( 1876-93 Mr. Jos. D. McKee. 1907- Robert Killough. a 1876-83 Rev. J. B. Whitten. 1914- Geo. Innes. 1914- James H. Kerr. ♦Elected but did not serve. fBecame Corresponding Secretary of the Board. 6 Annual Report— Post 0 if ice Addresses.

POST-OFFICE ADDRESSES OF MISSIONARIES FOR 1915-16 *

EGYPT. Rev. J. Willard Acheson, . . . Cairo, Egypt. “ C. C. Adams...... New Wilmington, Pa. “ J. R. Alexander, D.D., . . . . Cairo, Egypt. “ J. W . B a i r d , ...... Monsurah, Egypt. Mr. Chas. S. Bell...... Alexandria, Egypt. Rev. J. Howard B o y d , ...... Tanta, Egypt. “ R. W. Caldwell,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Wm. R. Coventry,...... Tanta, Egypt. “ Earl E. Elder, ...... Cairo, Egypt. Dr. H. L. F in ley, ...... Tarkio, Mo. . Rev. Dalton Galloway,...... Medinet el Faiyum, Egypt. address.) foreign each to added be should Mission (American “ John Giffen, D .D .,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ W. P. Gilmor,...... Alexandria, Egypt. Dr. A. F. G r a n t,...... Tanta, Egypt. Rev. Sam’l. G. H art,...... Zakazik, Egypt. Rev. F. D. Henderson,...... Beni Suef, Egypt. Dr. L. M. Henrv, ...... Assiut, Egypt. Prof. W. W. Hickman...... Indianola, Iowa. Mr. F. S. Hoyman, ...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. James G. Hunt, D.D., .... . Cairo, Egypt, (44 Faggala S t.) “ J. Kruidenier, D.D., . . . . . Cairo, Egypt, (27 Tewfik St.) “ Neal McClanahan, . . . . . 200 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Prof. Robt. S. McClenahan, .... . Assiut, Egypt. Rev. Wm. L. McClenahan, .... . Cairo, Egypt, (Lotus St., Heliopolis.) “ Ralph G. M c G ill,...... Cairo, Egypt. Dr. W. T. M oore,...... Assiut, Egypt. Prof. C. A. O w e n ,...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. H. E. Philips, Ph.D., .... Luxor, Egypt. Dr. A. W. Pollock, ...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. W. H. Reed, ...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Mark S. R o y , ...... Alexandria, Egypt. Prof. Chas. P. Russell,...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. A. A. Thompson,...... Beni Suef, Egypt. “ F. S. Thompson...... Assiut, Egypt. “ R. W. W alker,...... Benha, Egypt. “ Andrew Watson, D. D., LL.D., . Cairo, Egypt. Rev. S. A. Work, . . ... Monsurah, Egypt. “ S. M. Zwemer, D. D.,f . . . . Cairo, Egypt, (5 Emad ed Din St.) Miss Alda B. A tch ison ,...... Cairo, Egypt, (American Mission College for Girls, Sh. Abbas.) “ Mary E. Baird, ...... Tanta, Egypt. “ Ella M. Barnes,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Margaret A. B ell, ...... Tarkio, Mo. “ Cam e M. Buchanan, .... Cairo, Egypt, (American Mission College for Girls, Sh. Abbas). Miss Ida L. Cabeen,...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ A. I,. Corkey, ...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Anna B. Criswell,...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Mabel B. Dickey,...... Crafton, Pa. “ Ella B. Downie, ...... Benha, Egypt. “ Helen J. Ferrier,...... Luxor, Egypt. “ Davida Finney,...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ Minnehaha Finney...... Tanta, Egypt. “ Elsie M. F r e n c h ,...... Zakazik, Egypt.

»Unexpected changes may impair the accuracy of these addresses, but even in such cases mail will probably be forwarded safely. f Missionary associated through the courtesy of the Reformed Church in America. NOTE—Foreign postage is five cents per ounce. For further information see page 14. Annual Report— Post Office Addresses. 7 EGYPT—(Continued). Miss Alfaretta H am m ond,...... Medinet el Faiyum, Egypt. “ Rena L- Hogg, ...... Assiut, Egypt. “ May Holland, ...... Tanta, Egypt. “ Isabel Hosack,...... Cairo, Egypt, (Fowler Orphanage, Abbasiyet.) “ Anna M. McConaughy, .... Cairo, Egypt. “ Carol E. McMillan,...... Tanta, Egypt. “ E. Roxy M artin,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Olive T. Mason,...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ Marian A. Paden, .... . Beni Suef, Egypt. “ Mary M. P a t t i s o n ,...... Cairo, Egypt, (American Mission College for Girls, Sh. Abbas.) “ Margaret A. Smith...... Cairo, Egypt, Fowler Orphanage, address foreign each to added be should Mission(American Abbasiyet.) “ Nellie C. S m i t h , ...... Alexandria, Egypt “ E. Dorcas Teas, ...... Benha, Egypt. “ Anna Y. Thompson...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Sadie Thompson...... Tanta, Egypt. “ Laura B. Walker, . . Alexandria, Egypt. “ Anna B. Watson, M.D., .... New Athens, O. “ Ida Whiteside,...... South Cambridge, N. Y. “ Roe O. Williams, . . . . . Van Nuys, Cal. “ Ruth A. W ork,...... Assiut, Egypt. THE EGYPTIAN SUDAN. Rev. J Kelly Giffen, D .D .,...... Khartum, Egyptian Sudan. Mr. C. B. G u th rie,...... Doleib Hill, Sobat River, Egyptian Sudan. Dr. Tfios. A. L a m b ie ,...... Khartum, Egyptian Sudan. (Mark “ Forw ard” ) Rev. D. S. O yler,...... Lyndon, Kansas. Rev. Paul J. Smith, ...... North Bend, Nebraska. Rev. Geo. A. Sowash, ...... Omdurman, Egyptian Sudan. Miss Fannie G. Bradford, ...... Khartum North, Egyptian Sudan. “ S. Isabel Dight, ...... Khartum, Egyptian Sudan. “ Elsie E. Grove, ...... Khartum North, Egyptian Sudan. “ Aulora M cIn tyre,...... Tarkio, Mo. INDIA. Rev. W. T. Anderson, ...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ Ralph E. Ayers, ...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ Jas. S. Barr, D .D .,...... New Wilmington, Pa. Dr. M. M. B row n ,...... Hafizabad, Punjab, India. Rev. A. B. C a ld w e ll,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ E. E. Campbell, ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ J. G. Campbell, ...... Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ Hubert C. Chambers...... Khangah Dogran, Punjab, India. “ K. V. Clements,...... Pasrur, Punjab, India. .) “ J. Harper Colvin,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India “ F. N. Craw ford,...... Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. “ Osborne Crowe, . . . Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ David R. Gordon, D. D., . . . Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. “ Thos E. Holliday, D.D . . Wooster. Ohio “ A. M. L a i n * , ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ J. H. Martin, D .D ., ...... Lyallpur, Punjab, India. “ Robt. Maxwell, .... . Gujranwala, Punjab, India. ‘ Unexpected changes may impair the accuracy of these addresses, but even in such cases mail will probably be forwarded safely. NOTB:—Foreign postage is five cents per ounce. For further information see page 8 Annual Report— Post 0 if ice Addresses.

INDIA—( Continued. ) Rev. W. D. Mercer, . Gujranwala, Punjab, India. Prof. Wm. H. Merriam, . Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. Rev. J. A. McArthur, . Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Jno. A. McConnelee, D. . Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. “ W. M. M cKelvey, . . . Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ H. S. Nesbitt, .... . Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ S. C. P ic k e n ,...... Zafarwal, Punjab, India “ E. L- P o r t e r ,...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ T. L Scott, D.D., . . . New Wilmington, Pa. “ Harris J. Stewart, . . . Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ J. H. Stewart, Pathankot, Punjab, India.

“ Robert Stewart, D.D. LL . Gujranwala, Punjab, India. address.) foreign each to added be should Mission (American Miss Emma D. Anderson, Point Marion, Pa. “ Minnie E. Beatty, . . Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Roma Beatty, .... . Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Hazel Bennett, . New Wilmington, Pa. “ Lena S. Brotherston . Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Lois Buchanan, . Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Mary J. Campbell, . Pathankot, Punjab, India. “ Laura Cleland. Sargodha. Punjab, India. “ Henrietta W. Cowden, . Sialkot, India. “ Laurella G. Dickson, . Tarkio, Mo. “ Margaret J. Fehlman, Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. “ Bessie Fleming, . . . Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. “ Ella M. Gordon, . . - . Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ Nancy A. Hadley, Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Anna M. Hamilton, . . Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Laura B. Hamilton, . Zafarwal, Punjab, India. # “ Kate A. Hill, Newton, Iowa. “ Jeannette Hopkins, . Khangah Dogran, Punjab, India. “ Flora J. Jameson, Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. “ Mary Kyle, . Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ Olive R. Laing, . Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. “ Elizabeth Lawrence, Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ Mary A. Lawrence, . Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ Mary E. Logan, . . . Jhelum, Punjab, India “ Fannie C. Martin, . Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ Jennie E. Martin, Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ E. Josephine Martin, Dormont, Pittsburgh, Pa. “ Mary R Martin, . Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Elizabeth McCahon, Sialkot, Punjab, India. Mrs. Alice McClure, New Wilmington, Pa Miss Lillian A. McConnell, . Lyallpur, Punjab, India, “ Rosa A. McCullough, . Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Eleanor W. Maconachie . Pathankot, Punjab India. “ Henrietta Moore, . . . Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Jean B. Morrison, . Lyallpur, Punjab, India. “ J. Phandora Simpson, M . Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ Nannie J. Spencer, . . Lyallpur, Punjab, India. “ Ruth Warnock, . Sargodha, Punjab, India. “ Josephine L White, 140 Bayles Ave., New Castle, Pa. “ Maria White, M.D., . . Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Dora B. Whitely, . Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ Cvnthia E. Wilson, . Madhopur, Punjab, India. “ Ethel M. Wilson, Khangah Dogran, Punjab, India. “ Margaret M Wilson, 6225 Stewart Ave., Chicago, 111., “ Rosa T. Wilson, Madhopur, Punjab, India.

»Unexpected changes may impair the accuracy of these addresses, but even in such cases mail will probably be forwarded safely. NOTE Foreign postage is five cents per ounce. For further information see page 14. Annual Report— Egypt Statistics. 9

EGYPT. S T A T IS T IC S , J A N U A R Y 1, 1915. Population of our field in Egypt ...... 9,000,000 Ordained Missionaries* ...... 28 Professors in College* ...... *...... 4 Laymen* ...... 2 Medical Missionaries, Men* ...... • 5 Medical Missionary, W om an*...... 1 Nurses* ...... 2 Women Missionaries, Unmarried* ...... 32 Women Missionaries, Wives* ...... 37

Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment* ...... 111 Assistant Physician, Man ...... 1 Assistant Physician, Woman ...... 1 Assistant Teachers and Evangelist ...... 25 Matrons ...... 3 Assistant Nurses ...... 13 43 Total Foreign Workers* ...... 154 Native Ordained Ministersf ...... 64 Licentiatesf ...... 19 Other Native Workers ...... 633

Total Native Workers ...... 716

Total Workers, Native and Foreign* ...... 870 Mission Districts ...... 10 Organized Congregations ...... 85 Other places where services are held regularly ...... 206 Congregations self-supporting ...... 27 Total Membership ...... 12,412 Received by Profession in 1914 ...... 933 Total Christian Evangelical Community (estimated) .. 33,000 Sabbath schools ...... 204 Teachers in these ...... 625 Scholars in these ...... 16,284 Theological Seminary ...... 1 Colleges ...... 2 Boarding and High Schools...... 24 Village Schools...... 169

Total Number of Schools...... 196 Students in Theological Seminary ...... 12 Students in Colleges ...... 1,104 Students in Boarding and High Schools ...... 4*926 Students in Village Schools ...... 9,709

Total Number of Students in all Schools ...... 15,751 Hospitals ...... 2 Clinics ...... 5 Native Contributions for Church Work ...... $44,531 Paid by Natives for all purposes ...... $195,913

*These figures include all missionaries tinder appointment, whether at home on furlough or at work on field. f The Sudan Mission having effected an independent organization, its statistics are given separately on page 11. N. B.— More detailed statistics may be found on pages 145 to 150. IO Annual Report—India Statistics.

INDIA. S T A T IS T IC S , JA N U A R Y i, 1915. Population of our field in India ...... 5,433,095 Ordained Missionaries*...... 27 Professor in College* ...... 1 Laymen* ...... 0 Medical Missionary, Man* ...... 1 Medical Missionaries, Women* ...... 3 Nurse ...... 1 Women Missionaries, Unmarried*...... 41 Women Missionaries, Wives* ...... 25

Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment* ...... 99 Assistant Teachers ...... 3

Total Foreign Workers* ...... 102 Native Ordained Ministers ...... 43 Licentiates ...... v...... 25 Other Native Christian W orkers...... *...... 286

Total Native Christian Workers ...... 354 Other Workers ...... 150

Total Workers, Native and Foreign ...... 606 Mission Districts ...... 12 Organized Congregations ...... 60 Other places where services are held ...... 351 Congregations, self-supporting...... 31 Total Membership ...... 32,307 Received by Profession in 1914 ...... 2,813 Net increase in 1914 ...... 676 Total Christian Community ...... 61,064 Sabbath schools ...... 141 Teachers in these ...... 266 Scholars in these ...... 5,833 Theological Seminary ...... 1 College ...... 1 High Schools ...... 4 Middle Schools ...... 7 Primary Schools ...... 215 Industrial Schools ...... 2

Total Number of Schools ...... 230 Students in Theological Seminary ...... 12 Students in College ...... 212 Number of Pupils in High Schools ...... 2,993 Pupils in Middle Schools ...... 1,905 Pupils in Primary Schools ...... 6,961 Pupils in Industrial Schools ...... 232

Total Number of Pupils in all Schools ...... 12,315 Hospitals ...... 4 Dispensaries ...... 7 Native Contributions for Church Work ...... $5,425 Paid by Natives for all purposes ...... $31,583

*These figures include all missionaries under appointment, whether at home on furlougfti or at work on field. N. B.— More detailed statistics may be found on pages 233 to 237. Annual Report— Sudan Statistics. ______11

THE EGYPTIAN SUDAN. S T A T IS T IC S , JA N U A R Y i, 1915. Ordained Missionaries* ...... 4 Layman* ...... 1 Medical Missionaries (M an)* ...... 1 Women Missionaries, Unmarried* ...... 3 Women Missionaries, Wives* ...... 6

Foreign Missionaries under .regular appointment* ...... 15 Native Ordained Minister ...... 1 Evangelistic Colporteur ...... 1 Teachers ...... 11

Total Native Workers ...... 13

Total Foreign and Native Workers ...... 28 Main Stations ...... 4 Organized Congregation ...... 1 Preaching Stations ...... 12 Received by Profession ...... 24 Total Membership ...... 200 Sabbath schools ...... 10 Boarding and Industrial Schools ...... 2 Primary Schools ...... 5

Total Number of Schools ...... 7 Pupils in Boarding Schools and Primary Schools ...... 725

Total Number of Pupils ...... 725 Dispensaries or Clinics ...... '.. 3 Native Contributions for Church Work ...... $1,782 Native Contributions for all purposes ...... $3,470

*These figures include all missionaries under appointment, whether at home on furlough or at work on field. N. B.— More detailed statistics may be found on page 27°- 12 Annual Report— General Summary.

GENERAL SUMMARY OF ENTIRE WORK, STATISTICS, JANUARY, i, 1915- Total population of our Foreign Fields (excluding the Sudan) ...... 14,433,095 Ordamed Missionaries ...... 59 Professors in Colleges ...... 5 Laymen ...... 4 Medical Missionaries— Men, 7 ; Women, 4 ...... n Nurses ...... 3 Women Missionaries, Unmarried ...... 7» Women Missionaries, W ives ...... 68

Total Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment.. 226 Assistant Physician ...... 1 Assistant Teachers ...... 39 Assistant Nurses ...... 13 Others ...... 5 58

Total Foreign Workers ...... 284 Native Ordained Ministers ...... 108 Licentiates ...... 44 Other Native Workers ...... 1,069

Total Native Workers ...... 1,221

Total Workers, Native and Foreign ...... 1,505 Mission Districts ...... 24 Synods ...... 2 Presbyteries ...... 11 Organized Congregations ...... 146 Other places where services are held ...... 569 Congregations self-supporting...... 58 Total Membership ...... 44,919 Received by Profession in 1914 ...... 3,770 Net Gain in Membership in 1914 ...... 918 Total Christian Evangelical Community ...... 99,064 Sabbath schools ...... 355 Teachers in th e s e ...... 900 Scholars in these ...... 22,117 Theological Seminaries ...... 2 Colleges ...... 3 Boarding and High Schools ...... 37 Village and Day Schools ...... 389 Industrial Schools ...... 2

Total Number of Schools ...... 433 Students in Theological Seminaries ...... 24 Students in Colleges ...... 1,316 Students in Boarding and High Schools ...... 9,824 Students in Village and Day Schools ...... 17,395 Students in Industrial Schools ...... 232

Total Number of Students ...... 28,791 Hospitals ...... 6 Dispensaries and Clinics ...... 15 Native Contributions for Church Work ...... $51,738 Paid by Natives for all purposes ...... $230,966 Annual Report—Historical Sketch. 13 HISTORICAL SKETCH.

The United Presbyterian Church of North America came into existence in 1858, through the union of the- Associate Reformed Presbyterian and the Associate Presbyterian Churches. The first General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church met in Xenia, Ohio, in May, 1859. A t that meeting a Board of Foreign Missions was chosen, consisting of nine members, and to this Board was committed the care of the several missions which had beer inaugurated by the two branches of the Church prior to thé union. Circum stances, which seemed wholly providential, led to the abandonment of three of the missions and the concentration of the Church’s strength upon the other two fields; the Trinidad Mission was given over in 1867 to the Presbyterian Church of the Lower Provinces (now the Presbyterian Church of Canada) ; the China Mission was transferred to the Rhenish Missionary Society in 1878 ; the Syrian Mission was transferred in 1878 to the care of the Presby terian Chifrch of Ireland. The Mission in Egypt, established in 1854, recognizes at least 9,000,000 of the 11,000,000 of the population as constituting its legitimate mission field, and its operations extend from the Mediterranean to the first Cataract. The Mission in India, established in 1855, includes within its field, wholly or in large part, some seven government districts of the Punjab, with a popu lation of more than 5,000,0 0 0 ; adjoining, though as yet unoccupied, terri tory in Kashmir may also be recognized as its legitimate field. In 1900, the Mission in Egypt extended its operations beyond the frontiers of Egypt proper into what is called the Egyptian Sudan. This mission has now a separate and definite organization of its own, and is the third and youngest mission of the United Presbyterian Church of North America.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY, 1843— 1914- The whole number of missionaries who have accepted appointment as missionaries since the first sailed, July 14, 1843, until January 1, 1914, is 390; this includes the missionaries of both branches of the Church prior to the Union. One hundred and eighty-seven missionaries have received appointment to our Mission in Egypt; of these 49 were ordained men, 2 laymen, 5 college professors, 12 physicians, (8 men, 4 wom en); 5 nurses, and 59 other unmarried women ; the remainder being wives of missionaries. Since the establishment of the Mission, 76 have retired or died. One hundred and sixty missionaries have received appointment to our Mission in India. Of these 43 were ordained men, 3 college professors, 1 layman, 7 physicians, (1 man, 6 women) ; 1 nurse; 60 other unmarried women ; the remainder being wives of missionaries. Since the establish ment of the Mission, 54 have retired.or died. Twenty-five missionaries have received appointment to our Mission in the Sudan. O f these, 6 were ordained men, 2 laymen, 3 physicians, 5 unmarried women, the remainder being wives of missionaries. Since the establishment of thé. Mission .6 have retired or died. 14 Annual Report— General Information.

GENERAL INFORMATION. Letters relating to the Board of Foreign Missions should be addressed to the Rev. C. R. Watson or the Rev. W, B. Anderson, 200 N. Fifteenth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Letters,.relating to Finances should be addressed to Robert L. Latimer, Esq., 24 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

C orrespondence w i t h M issionaries . Letters to foreign missionaries should be addressed according to directions on pages 6, 7 and 8.

P o s t a g e t o E g y p t , I n d ia & T h e S u d a n . Letters, 5 cents for first ounce, and 3 cents more for each additional ounce. Postal cards, 2 cents. Newspapers, Periodicals, Books and other printed matter up to 4 pounds, 1 cent for each two ounces. Registration fee on letters or books, io cents additional to other postage.

M o n e y V a l u e s .

India. Rupees, variable, at present 33 cents, three Rupees nearly one dollar. The Anna 1-16 of a Rupee, or about 2 cents, the Pice % of an Anna or % a cent. E g y p t. 10 Milliemes (^formerly 40 paras) = 1 piaster tarif (P. T.) = about 5 cents. 1 Egyptian rial = 20 piasters =■ one dollar. 1 Egyptian pound E) = 100 piasters = about five dollars.

F o r m s o f B e q u e s t . “I do give and bequeath the sum of' dollars to the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America.” Or, if the bequest be of real estate, as follows : “ I do give, devise, and bequeath all that” (describe the property') “unto the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, to have and to hold, to them and their successors forever.”

A n n u i t i e s . Those who wish their money to go finally to the missionary cause and who cannot afford as yet to be deprived of the income, are asked to con sider the Annuity Plan of the Board of Foreign Missions. Wills are often broken and bequests to missionary societies are lost. By giving your money to the Board while you live, you become your own executor and avoid the risk of a subsequent diversion of the furids. The Annuity Plan allows you a reasonable income during life. Correspondence concerning the above should be addressed to Robert L. Latimer, Esq., 24 N. Front Street, Philadelphia. Annual Report— To General Assembly. 15

THE ANNUAL REPORT

OF T H E Board of Foreign Missions

OF T H E United Presbyterian Church

TO T H E GENERAL ASSEMBLY

1 9 1 5 .

HE Report which follows is the Fifty-Sixth Report of the T Board of Foreign Missions to the General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church. Since the writing of the last Report to the ’General Assembly, the world has been plunged into a great war that is profoundly affecting every field in which the Christian Church is doing mission work. Not only is every land affected by the war, but in every phase of mission work at home and abroad and in every problem of evan gelization and administration, the angle of approach of the mis sionary is changed. The aspect of the truth to the hearer is new, the relations of the races are different, the outlook for the future is uncertain. There might be room for despair, or at least for deep anxiety, if it were not that the quality of the message is not changed and the nature and promises of God cannot alter. While the political world has been full of the horrors of war, God has wonderfully shown His protecting care over His mis sion work. At the outbreak of the war there was no little anxiety felt for the safety of the missionaries in all three fields. With the reports of sedition so rife in those lands, it was feared that the people might take advantage of the opportunity to revolt and establish independent governments. Instead of this, the rule of Turkey has been lifted from Egypt and an independent govern ment set up under British protectorate, giving such missionary 16 Annual Report— The Past Year in Bgypt.

freedom as has not been experienced before. The Indian people have risen and expressed decided loyalty to the Empire and have given substantial evidence of their loyalty. In the Sudan the sheiks have hastened to profess their peaceful intentions toward the new Sultanate. This remarkable situation has developed: the Christian nations of the world are at war, while the mission aries of the Cross have continued their mission of love in the non-Christian lands almost without interruption. Surely the good hand of God is to be seen here upon the work. From every one of the fields come reports of the boundless opportunities to make immediate advance, people listening as never before, men not simply waiting to be sought out, but seek ing to discover the truth, the breaking down of age-old barriers, on every hand open doors and beckoning opportunities. While opportunities have multiplied in the fields, the forces have been badly depleted by sickness and death in the past year. One missionary has resigned from the field in the Sudan and two from the field in India. There have been five deaths in the force in India, and at home the death of an associate secretary of the Board. Not only has there been depletion of the forces, but there has been a deplorable shrinkage in the gifts of the Church to the support of the work through the regular channels. So great has been the shrinkage in such gifts, that it is only through the most unusual efforts that the Board has been saved from an appalling deficit or a disastrous retrenchment in the fields. Notwithstanding the depletion of the forces and notwithstand ing the falling off of the support of the Church, it is good to know that the nature and intention of God remain unchanged and that His promises are irrevocable. This cause must flourish because it is according to His will and this task must be com pleted because it is according to His command.

I.—THE PAST YEAR. At the beginning of the war the situa tion of Egypt, geographically and politi- 1. IN EGYPT. cally, caused great apprehension concern ing its safety, in the minds of many. Its strategic importance was bound to make the enemies of Great Britain covet its possession. Its Moslem population seemed to point to the grave danger of its joining in the Holy War, should such be declared. The temper of its people led to fear of opposition and revolution. In a most remarkable way all of these dangers have been averted. Instead of political unrest and revolution, the turbulent rule of Turkey has been cast aside and Egypt has been made an independent government with a British protectorate. Annual Report— The Past Year m Egypt. 17

Naturally with the unusual commotion occasioned by the war, with the attending financial depression and disorganization of trade, a great disturbance in mission activity would not be sur prising. It is indeed astonishing to note with how little interrup tion the mission work has proceeded. Concerning the general situation one writes:

“There was fear in the early days of August that the European war would sadly cripple our work in Egypt, but though it has affected it financially, the almost unanimous verdict from all over the field is that the doors have been more widely opened and that greater interest is being shown than ever before in the hearing of the Word.”

Of course, the war has not been without its trying effect upon the work in many places. Another missionary writes concerning the conditions brought about by the war:

“W riting from within the war zone, I find myself even while speaking of village schools inclined to use martial expressions. While our boys’ schools have -not retreated during the past year, while they still occupy the trench nearest the enemy, yet their position has become difficult. This is the result, not of an assault from the enemy but rather because of shortage of supplies of the weapons of warfare. In past years we econ omized and cut out all non-essentials. But this year, because of financial depression throughout Egypt, the receipts from pupils decreased. We did the only thing possible to meet the deficit—we reduced teachers’ salaries. In this way we hope to be able to close the year with a clean balance sheet, but not very proud of ourselves.”

No one can certainly predict what the effect of the war, with the change of the form of government, will be upon Egypt, but there are many indications that under the new political condi tions there will be wide and increasing opportunities for advance in the evangelization of the land. At the beginning of the war it was feared that the effect would be disastrous to mission institutions, prominent business men failed, prices grew suddenly high, the minds of the people were greatly disturbed, and such conditions generally prevailed as did not tend to make the outlook hopeful for institutional work. Some knowledge of the general effect of the war upon the in stitutions may be gained from those reporting concerning hos pitals :

' “During the first six months of 1914, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-six patients were received, this being five hundred and sixty-eight more than were received during the same period of 1913 and four hundred and forty-two more than in 1912. In spite of the fact that only six hundred and eighty-four patients entered the hospital during the last five months, the year 1914 exceeded the year 1913 by two patients and was only forty-one patients short of 1912. Had we been able to accept free patients we could have kept our .wards full to overflowing and have closed the year with nearly one thousand more patients than had ever entered the hospitals in a single ,year before. Even during the most stringent times we have accepted a few free patients. The Lord probably sent us these indigent ones who were so ill to try our faith.” 18 Annual Report— The Past Year in Egypt.

A notable event in the institutional work in Egypt is the celer bration of the semi-centennial of Assiut College. This college has been one of the most prominent of all colleges in Eastern mission lands. It was pronounced by a noted traveler and mis sionary authority, a few years ago, to be the best example of a missionary college he had seen. It is worthy of note that out of its three hundred twenty-one graduates, one hundred four have entered the gospel ministry and fifty-nine are teachers.

The report says concerning it: “The fiftieth anniversary of Assiut College finds it in a sound, hopeful condition. As has been said, it is quite beyond the experimental stage. Having had to move three times in order to find large enough accommo dations since its founding fifty years ago, it is now, we hope, upon a permanent site and on the way to the attainment of increasing efficiency as the years come.”

Not only have the institutions not been hindered, but the evan gelistic work has gone forward uninterruptedly. One writes:

“My work for Moslems on evangelistic lines has been meeting them personally on the streets, and in the Azhar Quarter, especially. I have made a score of visits to the Azhar University this year, sometimes alone and sometimes in company with other workers. Mikhail Mansur and I were able to place in the library there copies of the Arabic Bible in large type and with references, as well as other Christian books which were gladly received.” Another also writing from Cairo says: “During the earlier months of the year the building (in Cairo) could not contain the crowd and there was intense excitement that sometimes threatened violence. An organized effort was made to counteract our work and the attendance began to diminish. At the opening of the war, however, this organization was forbidden by the government to continue its efforts, but our own work was allowed to go on unhindered. Consider able stress has been laid, in the latter part of the year, on holding our ground and the getting ready for an advance movement when the favor able moment arrives.” Not only is the evangelistic work going on without interrup tion, but throughout Egypt there seems to be increased interest in the gospel. A doctor reports from his viewpoint: “Since the beginning of the war we have found the people, if anything, more willing to hear the Word than before. A certain dread of the future seems to affect the Moslems and Copts alike, and to make them anxious to hear God’s message. Some of them profess to accept Christ in their hearts and one claims to be willing to be baptized and to take his stand before the world for Christ.” From one of the schools comes this note: “It is gratifying to note the almost universal testimony to the fact that Moslem students are making no serious objection to the daily study of the Bible and attendance at chapel. It is but another sign of the times pf the dawn of a new day of opportunity in the conquest of Islam.” Annual Report— The Past Year in Egypt. 19

Concerning the general situation, one of the lady missionaries has written:

“There has been an increase in the attendance at our women’s meetings. There is a great hungering and thirsting for the Word of Life all over the land. There has been a large increase in the number of Moslem women reached by our workers during the year. There is a kindlier feel ing by the Christians toward their Moslem neighbors. Not only Coptic, but many more Moslem homes are open to our workers. There is con tinual advance in the abolition of pernicious customs. There is an increase of concern among the pastors for the women of their congregation. The Bible women are showing increasing spirituality, in fact, there is a new spirit abroad in the land which fills us with joyful thanksgiving.”

In the report of the work of the Mission in Egypt this year, there is no other note quite so full of interest as that of the de velopment of the Egyptian Church. In the financial stringency of the past year in Egypt and the failure of the American Church to rise to the adequate help of the Egyptian Church, the Synod of the Nile has made a notable step forward in the sup port of its own work. In speaking of a questionnaire that had been sent out to the ministers of the Synod, one of the members of the Synod says:

“One question that drew out many interesting answers was: ‘For what reason do you most often refuse applicants for membership?’ ‘No knowl edge of the Book,’ ‘Failure to understand our principles,’ or ‘No evidence of new birth,’ were common answers; and they give evidence that the pastors are guarding the great fundamentals and endeavoring to keep the Church pure.”

The Church built upon such a foundation may hope to develop steadily and substantially. The following is p. hopeful note concerning the Church’s awak ening evangelistic activity:

“There is an awakening consciousness on the part of the evangelical church in regard to her mission to the Moslems. It is not a decided movement as yet but we can see the cloud larger than a man’s hand and feel the droppings of the rain. A few years ago many of the pastors' openly declared that they had no faith in work for Moslems. We now find a different attitude. Many of them are ready for personal work arqpng them and frequently we hear them bearing up to the Throne of Grace ‘our brethren the Moslems.’ ”

Through correspondence and reports from Egypt runs a strong note of longing for the spiritual quickening: of the Church of Christ in that land. Surely this hunger is but the prophecy of the fulness of blessing that will flow through the Valley of the' Nile. Of the Church, one writes:

“As to organization, equipment and methods, we have in the evangelical church a splendid machine, almost unlimited in its possibilities for service, but there is a fearful lack of spiritual dynamic, a want not peculiar to them.” 20 Annual Report— The Past Year in Egypt.

Another writes:

“It is still true, as was agreed at the Schütz Conference three years ago, that ‘The supreme need of the native Church is a spiritual quickening such as can come only through a baptism of the Holy Spirit.’ Ours is not a human undertaking. We are co-workers with God.”

Yet another one expresses a need and longing as follows:

“The terrible war in Europe has caused great financial stringency, but has brought many to their knees. The need of a purer Christian life and a longing for revival has been felt bjr many. One is led to feel that we are on the eve of a great revival, if we have faith to claim the blessing and are willing to pay the price.”

Surely, in the midst of thanksgiving to Almighty God for His measure of blessing upon the mission work, the Church at home will not forget to join her prayers with those of the missionaries and pastors of the land of Egypt, that God will open the very windows of heaven and pour out upon the Synod of the Nile, in all its congregations and upon all the institutions of the Mission in all their activities, such a blessing as there shall not be room to receive.

STATISTICS FOR EGYPT. Foreign Workers: (January 1, 1915): Ordained, 28; professors, 4 ; laymen, 2; medical, 6 (men, 5 ; women, 1 ) ; nurses, 2; other unmarried women, 32 ; wives of missionaries, 37. Total foreign missionaries, 111. Native Workers: Ordained ministers, 64; licentiates, 19; other native w orkers, 633. Total native force, 716. The Native Church: Synod, 1; presbyteries, 4 ; organized congre gations, 85; out-stations, 206. Membership, 12,412 (men, 6,289; women, 6,123); increase by pro fession, 933; net increase, 214; attendance at Sabbath morning service, 23,614; Protestant community, 33,000 (estimated.) Sabbath Schools, 204; teachers, 625; pupils, 16,284; contributions, $3,263. Educational Work: Total schools, 196; total teachers, 550; total pupils, 15,727.

Central schools: Theological seminary, 1 ; pupils, 1 2 ; Assiut College, pupils, 757; other central schools, 25; pupils, 5,249. Total central schools, 27; pupils, 6,018. Medical Work: Hospitals, 2; in-patients, 3,030. Native Contributions: For church purposes, $44,531; for educational w ork, $110,518; for medical work, $27,696; book receipts, $13,168. Total receipts from native sources, $195,913. Annual Report— The Past Year in India. 21

The dominant note in the report from the work in -India for the year has been 2. IN INDIA. progress in organization. There were long decades of patient sowing, then came days of quiet reaping, and then the over whelming mass movement. For the past few years, the best efforts of the missionaries have been expended in the shaping and directing of the Church organization. At no point in mission ary effort are strength of character, decision of purpose, far sighted vision, human sympathy, forbearance, and Christian love, more called for, than at the stage of development where the mis sionary lays the burden of responsibility for the Church upon the shoulders of the native officers, and subjects himself to the dis cipline of the Church which he has been instrumental in found- ins- It is gratifying to note with what harmony missionaries and Indian pastors have worked together in the founding of the Church in India. With Christian magnanimity, missionaries are striving to take a place in the background as rapidly as possible and push the Indian ministers to the front. This means failure in some places, but the wise missionary is willing to allow his peo ple to fail in order that they may learn by experience, and while it has meant failure sometimes, it has generally meant a surpris ing Success. A whole volume concerning the need of effecting congrega tional organization, the difficulties encountered and the success being realized may be read in the following extract from the report of a missionary:

“We have Christians in 120 villages. . These are divided into 7 circles. But little regular systematic work has been done in each village; for instance, one evangelist has a parish 10 miles long and 7 wide, with his people living in 24 villages. Another man has over a thousand Christians under his care and these are scattered through 15 villages. The work is characterized by several special features. 1. There is a portion of our Christian community who are becoming more careless and indifferent to religious matters, with little or no desire to learn and to live better lives. From among these not a few have gone over to the Roman Catholics. 2. From the organized congregations with settled pastors the aposta- cies have been almost none. God is thus putting His seal on His own divine institution and by this is urging upon us the necessity of organizing our circles as fast as possible. 3. We are glad to report that a consider able number of our people are showing marked progress in spiritual knowledge and Christian living.”

That progress is being made is easily noted from the following from another report: ^

“Last year 70 per cent, of our Christians were in unorganized circles; this year only 60 per cent. The goal of our work is to get all converts into organized congregations, and that these shall be self-supporting and self-governing.” 22 Annual Report— The Past Year in India.

Together with the effecting of formal organization of the peo ple into a church, the principal progress is the development of the sense of the people as to their being a social organism. The Christian community is making rapid progress in the develop ment of a community interest and is setting up a class of ideals \vholly new to India. This is evident in the cases of discipline that are taken up by the sessions. It is also evident in the increas ing interest that is being manifested in the matter of education and particularly in the education of girls. The past year has shown most decided increase in the number of village girls attend ing school. This one item means far-reaching progress for the Christian community. Reformers m other religious sects are puzzled to know what peculiar force it is that resides in Chris tianity to give to the new community, drawn from all classes, this spirit of unity and lift the whole community to a higher level, spiritual and social. The failure to organize converts into organizations and to shepherd and teach them adequately has resulted disastrously to the work in many places. Not only has there been failure to progress among such poorly cared for communities, but proselyt ing agencies have come in and wrought havoc among the people. For some years the losses of our Christian community have been large through the efforts of some of these and particularly through the Roman Church. Many of the people have had little instruction. The proselytizer comes to them and offers some remuneration for their change of faith. The people argue that they are now Christians and that these who come to them are Christians and so the change cannot make much difference and that they may as well have the added material gain without los ing anything spiritual. Concerning such effort, one of the mis sionaries has reported:

“The Catholics are usually able to offer material inducements to our Christians and had an exceptional opportunity along this line in securing a large tract of land to sublet to their followers. This trap caught a number of our good people. Our newest rival is the sect of Seventh-day Adventists who have a number of workers employed and have been tour ing in the district this winter. They are preparing to open a hospital and school work. We also had a visit from a Mormon Elder straight from Salt Lake City. So far as known he only made one convert, but we need to be much in prayer that this work of the evil one does not grow and increase.”

While reports concerning progress in organization are most encouraging, the opportunity to evangelize seems to be almost overwhelming. Among all castes and religions the people seem ready, not only to be approached, but to seek and inquire for the truth. As one missionary writes:

“In the work of evangelism there are two notes of special encourage ment throughout the whole field, the lessening of prejudice and opposition and the increasing number of those who are honestly seeking and inquir ing for the truth.” Annual Report— The Past Year in India. 23

Something of the readiness of those of different sects to hear may be noticed from the following: “I was very much surprised not long since in attending a religious service of the Young Men’s Hindu Association to learn of the great extent to which they are copying Christian methods and forms. They have two services weekly, one on Sabbath and one on Wednesday evening. They sing in their meetings, using the same tunes that we use with our Punjabi songs. They have a leader and also voluntary prayers addressing God as ‘Father.’ ” Another missionary writes: “One of the most interesting features of the work this year has been the number of inquirers among the higher castes. We have not been able to spend time in non-Christian villages, but as we go out to see the Christians, hardly a day passes that we do not get a good hearing among the Mohammedans or Hindus. Many are dissatisfied with their old religion and are willing to inquire about Christ and Christianity without presenting their time-worn arguments. Many admit that Christianity is true but feel they cannot openly take a stand for Christ. Some fear losing their land and others are afraid they cannot make good marriage arrangements for their children. One mother said, ‘I know that Christ is the Saviour but we have seven daughters and what can we do ? If we confess Him, no one will marry them.’ The leaven of the Gospel is gradually working among the people. Pray that they may be willing to forsake all and follow Christ.” The missionaries have found themselves faced with a task that is impossible in the organizing of the mass movement into a Church, because of their inability to reach all the people. It is difficult for missionaries to view with equanimity the spoiling of their people by proselyting sects or even to see them fail to pro gress because of inadequate instruction. Added to this is the burden of the opportunity to reach the people of India in a way unheard of before. Doors are open everywhere. The hearts of people are responsive. The call to preach to them and to teach them is most compelling. The missionary has a limit to what he is able to accomplish, however, and it is known that almost every missionary is working beyond the limits that are expedient. The plea of these missionaries to the home Church to make advance possible is distressing. A missionary expresses his feeling regarding the matter as follow s: “While progress has been reported in a few of the circles, in many others the people are discouraged because we cannot give them the help and instruction which is so necessary to new converts. When the force is far too small to care for the Christian community, how can we ever expect to take up the work in several hundred untouched non-Christian villages in our district?” And another writes: “Six groups of villages in this district have no teacher and many of the people in them know no more than the ten commandments, the creed and the Lord’s prayer and the simplest teaching concerning the plan of salvation. No wonder we find them clinging to their old customs.” 24 Annual Report— The Past Year in India.

And yet another:

“Apart from the outpouring of the Spirit of God in converting powei, the great need of the district is for more and better trained laborers. Three men of mediocre qualifications constitute the regular native force employed in direct evangelistic effort. More missionaries are needed.”

* While the call for the enlargement of the forces is clamant God has been working in a mysterious way in reducing the forces in India. Four of the workers have been called away by death during the year— Miss E. M. Minger, in the prime of her , ser vice; Mrs. R. E. Ayers, just in the springtime of her life; Mr. W. E. Nicoll and Rev. J. W. Ballantyne, two of the strongest, most devoted, most successful, and most valued of the mission force. It is only the knowledge that it is God, Whose the work is, Who has called these workers away, that enables the mission aries to say that His plans must be good. There comes from the field, however, no note of pessimism. For years the missionaries have been working on close margin with tremendous odds against them and with overwhelming opportunity beckoning advance. Notwithstanding this, they live and labor in abounding hope. None know more definitely than the missionaries in India, the power that is needed to finish this God-given task. They know it is to be done, not by might nor by power. They know that the. final appeal must not be men nor money. They have had experi ence of what God can do by the hand of the few, if He be given control in them. Ringing high and clear above every other appeal from the mission force in that land comes this expression from individual missionaries which would be instantly voiced as the cry of the mission:

“If asked to state what we want from home more than all else, the answer would have to be ‘The prayers of those who have power with God.’ We grow weary of mere interesting discussion when we do not see conviction and faith in Christ. We have acute sense of the need of the quickening power of the Spirit of God. Will you not pray that the Lord may enable His servants to proclaim His message with fearless courage, while they stretch forth their arms in faith, and to do marvelous things through the name of Jesus Christ?”

God has put His seal upon the work in India this year. It is marked in the rich spiritual blessing received by the missionaries and the native Church, as well as in the decided progress along all lines of effort. God has written in the history of the mission in India a strong challenge to the Church. For years the call has been growing louder and louder. Surely in this year the Church will awaken to respond to this call of her Lord for the sake of His yearning love and for the sake of the millions waiting to know of His grace and power. Annual Report— The Past Year in the Sudan. 25

STATISTICS FOR INDIA.

Foreign Workers: (January 1, 1915): Ordained, 27; professor, 1; laymen, 0 ; medical, 4 ; (men, 1 ; women, 3); other unmarried women, 41; wives of missionaries, 25. Total foreign missionaries, 98. Native Workers: Ordained, 4 3 ; licentiates, 11; theological students, 14; colporteurs, 6; Bible women, 36; Christian teachers, 244; non- Christian teachers, 214; other workers, 150. Total native force, 718.- The Native Church: Synod, 1; presbyteries, 4 ; organized congre gations, 60; unorganized circles, 100; self-supporting congregations, 29; with pastors, 31. Membership, 32,307; increase by profession, 2,813; by certificate and restoration, 4,672; decrease by death, 703; removal and suspen sion, 6,106; net increase, 676; adult baptisms, 1,871; infant baptisms, 2,319. Total Christian community, 61,064.

Educational Work: Theological Seminary, 1 ; pupils, 1 2 ; college, 1 ; pupils, 212; high schools, 4 ; pupils, 2,993; industrial schools, 2 ; pupils, 232; middle schools, 7 ; pupils, 1,905; primary schools, 215; pupils, 6,961. Total schools, 220; total pupils, 12,315. Medical Work: Hospitals, 4 ; dispensaries, 8; in-patients, 1,626; fees, $1,296. Native Contributions: For Church work, $5,425; school work, $24,385; medical work, $1,315; books, $458. Total'amount, $31,583.

Notwithstanding the war disturbance of the year and the burdens made heavy by 3. IN THE SUDAN, depleted forces which have been carried by the missionaries on the field, the year has been one of signal progress in the Sudan.

“The Sudan has not experienced any of the horrors of war, although being under the protection of Great Britain it has become involved. Through the wise administration of the country by the British authorities we have had peace and quietness from the beginning. This certainly re flects great credit on those in authority in this country. The Sudanese have acted most loyally. From all quarters of the Sudan come the most gratifying expressions of devotion to the government and readiness to do its bidding. When one remembers that only seventeen years ago the most awful state of things imaginable existed in this land, we can only marvel at the progress that has been made.”

The progress here spoken of has been made in the face of tremendous difficulties. The distance from the base of supplies, the trying climate, the new and unrecorded language, a great number of removals from the mission force— all these have been difficulties that had to be lived down. The record of the passing years here shows what indomitable courage can do when linked with faith in God and devotion to Him. 26 Annual Report— The Past Year in the Sudan.

The reports from the fields show a marked progress in the establishment of education. True, the system is not yet highly organized, but it is effective so far as it has gone and the mis sionaries report that already the effects of their efforts are dis cernible. There is also interesting progress in the organization of the Church. The hope for the speedy evangelization of any land lies in the founding of a Church that will be evangelistic in spirit. This seems to be one of the great anxieties of the missionaries in the Sudan.

One of the missionaries writes:

“The congregation of Khartum North has made most notable progress, and this largely too among the real Sudanese. The audiences often mount up to one hundred eighty and two hundred at a Sabbath morning service. With a regular worker or settled pastor this number could be doubled within a year.”

It is gratifying to note that the Synod of the Nile has recog nized its responsibility for the Church in the Sudan and the re port comes that in the past year it has given to that work two or three of its strongest men. Last year was reported the baptism of the first native convert in the Sudan mission. While this year does not bring the story of another baptism, it does record a marked spiritual movement in the South Sudan which promises to be a great work of grace.

Concerning this movement one writes:

“The last Sabbath service before starting to America on furlough was memorable. The audience numbered forty-one and at the close of the service they were asked if they believed. A little boy about fourteen years of age, named Abunn, said that he believed. He was asked if he knew what such a confession meant, that is, that he would have to give up the faith of the people, and he said that he had given it up. He has always been a mischievous boy and is hot tempered and impulsive. Deng, a young man, said that he believed. He was also willing to say in the presence of the other people that he would forsake the religion of his people. Ding, who is considered one of their best young men, made the same confession. All three of them gave straightforward answers to the questions. The fact that they were willing to say in the presence of a native audience that they were willing to lay aside their old beliefs marked a long step in advance. Abunn and Ding are cousins of Nyidok, who was baptized last year. The three came in for prayers on Sabbath night and they brought three others with them. One young man, named Bol, who is a cousin of Ding, said that he had been attending church regularly, and that he was detained that day, but he wanted to confess his belief in Christ.”

Another writes: “The work at Nasser Station has also be€n very encouraging. There seems to be a response quite beyond, expectation. There is great reason to rejoice in all the Lord has done. Oh, that we had more men and money to open other stations among this needy people!” Annual Report— The Past Year in the Sudan. 27

In seeking for the reason for this blessing, we have not far to go. Christ is finding opportunity to speak to these people through the lives of His servants there. This is shown by the follow ing:

“I was very much touched one morning while treating an especially disagreeable case to overhear one of the Nuers say to a relative (one of the sufferers who was sitting watching me) : ‘My brother, do you know why the foreigner does it for us? It is because of a man called Jesee, the Son of God/ Yes, I thought, you poor black Nuer, it is. It is all because of Jesus and, thank God, I believe that Nuer whose words I overhead is setting his face towards ‘Jesee’ and wants to belong to Him.”

The task in the dark heart of Africa is difficult. The obstacles to be overcome are formidable. The Church in America has not yet appreciated the difficulty and urgency of the task before her, but we may be assured that the battle will be won. The follow ing extract from the writing of one of the missionaries shows something of the quality of the faith and devotion of the ser vants of Christ who are laying down their lives for the Sudan.

“Is it worth while? You must judge. For me, had I twenty lives, I think Africa should have them. Yet, looking at it as some in America do, it does look hopeless, a waste of men and money that might be used to far better advantage in America apparently results out here that no one ever sees, they would say, changes in the hearts of black Nuers that no one cares about. No, stop a minute! Jesus cares and He died for the Nuers as well as for us. Remember too, the things that are seen are temporal, but the things that are not seen are eternal.”

It has ever been the spirit of willingness to “lay down life for the brethren” that has been able to conquer heathendom.

STATISTICS FOR THE SUDAN. Foreign Workers (January 1, 1915) : Ordained, 4 ; medical (man, 1); layman, 1 ; wives of missionaries, 6; women missionaries, unmarried, 3. Total foreign missionaries, 15. Northern Sudan: Organized congregation, 1; preaching stations, 12; native worker, ordained, 1 ; communicants, 200; day schools, 7 ; pupils, 725; fees, $1,505; medical treatments, 3,740. Southern Sudan: Medical treatments, 6,000. Native Contributions: For Church purposes, $1,782; educational w!ork, $1,505; medical work, $183. Total receipts from native sources, $3,470. 28 Annual Report— The Past Year in America.

The following are the outstanding fea tures of the Board’s cultivation of the 4. IN AMERICA. Church at home. (a) Missionary Parlor Conferences: This new plan of getting missionary infor mation to our Church was launched successfully during the past year. It consists in having a group or team of missionaries visit a congregation, spend an afternoon and an evening in some home of the congregation, or in the church parlor, and there meet and become acquainted with an interested group of the members. There are direct informal talks by the missionaries, where the facts about our fields are given first hand; there is a question box, and then there is the making of personal acquaintances, which brings the missionaries so close to the hearts of those in the home Church. The war in Europe interfered with the sailings to the fields, and the missionaries thus detained, together with others who were on regular furlough, comprised the teams. Two itineraries, one in the fall and one in the winter, were carried through by these eighteen missionaries. They visited twenty-six Presby teries, stopped at 268 churches, and reached about 15,000 persons. The plan has been successful. The missionaries are helped; they say that they see the problems of the Church in America in a new light; the pastors are pleased; many -have written us enthusiastically as to the benefits received by pastor and people as a result of the Conferences.

( b ) The Sabbath-schools: The months of July, August and Sep tember, 1914, were designated as the Foreign Mission Quarter in the Sabbath-schools. It so happened that the closing months of the preceding Sabbath-school year (April, May and June, 1914), had fallen to the Board, so that the Foreign Board had the cultivation of the Sabbath-schools for six consecutive months. This necessitated a new line of cultivation during the last three months, although the object before the Schools, i. e., funds for the purchase of a boat for the Sudan, remained the same. Accordingly a Course entitled “Build the Boat,” consisting of a series of programs for the schools was prepared. In spite of the fact that over three hundred schools had used another Course issued by the Board during April, May and June, 223 schools ordered “Build the Boat” Course, and used it entirely or in part. The average offering from the Sabbath-schools for Foreign Missions during the past few years has been about $15,874. The Board planned that anything above this average would go to the purchase of the boat for the Sudan. However, many of the schools this year sent in their contributions designated to the Sudan boat. Such contributions amounted to $5,555. The un Annual Report— The Past Year in America. 29 designated gifts from the other schools amounted to $9,482, making a total of $15,037 for the year.

(c) Mission Study: Although Mr. W. W. Cleland, who had charge of this work, resigned in December, the plans that he inaugurated were well under way and have resulted in a good year. The Board had Mission Study representatives in nearly all the Presbyteries, who promoted Mission Study, gathered results and reported to the Board. These representatives were of the laity and gave their services gratis. With their co-opera tion we have records of 240 Foreign Mission Classes enrolling, approximately 2,000 persons. This does not cover all classes that were held, many of which did not report to the Board at a ll We again wish to speak of the great help that our Summer Conferences at Tarkio and New Wilmington have been to this department of the work. From these Conferences many dele gates return to their churches and start classes, and many lead ers receive the training and inspiration which enables them to conduct this work. Many pastors, though loaded with heavy duties, take the time to organize and lead classes in their churches. Such co-operation is invaluable.

( d) Pastors Cablegram: This four-page leaflet which was launched by Rev. P. H. McClanahan as a personal message to pastors, has been issued four times during the past year. Pas tors have written their appreciation of it.

( e) The Medical Bulletin: This Bulletin also was planned and prepared by Mr. McClanahan. The material for the first num ber was gathered by him, but the Bulletin was not issued until several months after his death. Its object is to link up the eight hundred physicians in the United Presbyterian Church, with their fellow-physicians, the medical missionaries in Egypt, India and the Sudan. It contains accounts of the unusual work of the doctor in heathen lands and is interestingly illustrated. Two issues of this paper have been made this year, and have undoubtedly helped to bring the medical missionary closer to his brother physician on this side of the sea.

(f) Annual Report: The Report for the year 1914 consisted oF 292 pages of the most interesting and authoritative material concerning the foreign work of the United Presbyterian Church that could be gathered. Of special interest is the fact that it contains the account of the baptism of the first Shilluk convert, following ten years’ work of our Sudan Mission. Scattered throughout the Church 1,800 copies of this Report are being used by pastors and workers. 30 Annual Report— The Past Year in America.

(g) The Foreign Mission Handbook: This little book grows in demand each year. It is a condensed account of the larger and more detailed Annual Report. Last "year the entire edition of 15,000 copies was exhausted. This year’s edi tion with its 27 pages of timely illustrations, is in great demand. In two months 13,800 copies, almost the entire edition, have been called for.

(h) Administrative Problems: By action of the last General Assembly, the burden of administering the work committed to the Board, was to have been carried by the Rev. Paul H. Mc- Clanahan and the Rev. W. B. Anderson. The Rev. Charles R. Watson was to have given his time largely to the promotion of the Cairo Christian University, and his support carried by a group of business men interested in the advancement of this enterprise. Scarcely was the work of the new year launched following the Assembly, when there occurred that sad event, the drowning of the Rev. Paul H. McClanahan on August 10, which robbed the Church of one of its most promising mis sionary leaders and compelled the Board to completely recast its plans for carrying on the work of the new year. It became a necessity for Dr. Watson to return to the direct service of the Board, and for a few months he gave his whole time, while for the rest of the year he gave a major portion of his time to the Board’s regular work. The Board accordingly assumed his sup port for a portion of the year, though not at all to the extent to which the Board’s work engaged his attention and energies; those who had been carrying his support in the interests of the University, very generously having been willing to continue that support even beyond the limits of his service of the University. Upon the death of Mr. McClanahan, the Board voted to con tinue to his widow and two children, for the balance of the year, the salary which had been allowed him.

(i) Interdenominational Activities: It is only proper that the Church should recognize the steady interdenominational. activi ties in connection with the foreign missionary enterprises, for this work is claiming time and attention and a small measure of finan cial support. This interdenominational work, however, contrib utes both directly and indirectly to the work of the Board and makes possible much that should not be undertaken by any single denomination, particularly a small one. The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems, for example, has been organized during the past year to promote in a still larger way, in America, interests promoted by the Nile Mission Press, of London— our Mission and mission field in Egypt reaping therefrom immense advantages through the provision of a supply of Christian litera ture suitable for missionary work among Moslems. The Board of Missionary Preparation, organized under the auspices of all the Foreign Missionary Boards of America, is working out more Annual Report— The Cairo Christian University. 31 adequate standards for the training of missionaries for the for eign field. Through this Board, the experience of many Boards operating in many fields becomes available for each Board, as it seeks to guide its candidates during their years of training for service abroad. The Annual Conference of Foreign Mission Boards, which is now in the twenty-first year of its history, together with its Executive Committee of Reference and Coun sel, affords a unique opportunity for correlating the efforts and policies of the Foreign Mission Boards of America wherever united effort offers special advantages, as in dealing with govern ments or in meeting such emergencies as were created by the European war, when it was found necessary to discover some method of transmitting funds to the foreign field. The Con tinuation Committee appointed by the Edinburgh Conference, of which the Secretary of the Board is a member, offers still wider relationships and correspondingly valuable contacts and experi ence, which contribute richly to the power and efficiency of our denominational work. It is not merely a duty, but the privilege of our Church to enter into these interdenominational fellowships and activities, and the expenditure of time and strength involved, as also the slight expense connected with this work would seem to be abundantly justified by the returns.

Following the action taken by the last General Assembly, this important project 5. THE CAIRO was formally committed, for its further CHRISTIAN promotion and development, to the Board UNIVERSITY. of Trustees of the Cairo Christian Uni versity composed of the men whose names were before the Assembly a year ago. This Board held its first meeting in New York City on November 30th, 1914, at the new foreign missionary headquarters established at 25 Madison Ave nue, for interdenominational agencies. At this meeting, the Board effected an organization, electing officers, appointing com mittees, and discussing the main lines to be followed in the pro motion of the enterprise. A letter was read from the Committee of the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church, which had had the project in charge until this time, set ting forth the ideals which had been entertained as to the Chris tian character of the institution and the educational thoroughness to be aimed at. The President of the University’s newly organ ized Board of Trustees was requested to reply to this communi cation, and his reply is quoted as indicating how fully the Trus tees concur in the ideals which led to the suggestion of our missionaries that this institution should be founded. 32 Annual Report-— The Cairo Christian University.

“To the Committee on Cairo University, appointed by the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church. “Dear Brethren : “In this letter we desire to make formal recognition of your com mission of November 30th, 1914, and to express to you the deep appré ciative sentiments of the recently organized Board of Trustees of Cairo University, in reference to all the suggestions made in your letter. “As these weighty educational matters are received in a sense from your hands and now pass under the control of our official life, we are glad to make record that our desires, our vision and our purposes are in completest harmony with the faith, and the endeavors of your Board, and with the hopes and prayers of that consecrated company whom you have represented through these sixty years. “Impressed like you with the magnitude of the undertaking, we are also cheered and encouraged by the fact that our hearts are as your hearts in all that touches the real life of Cairo University. “As the responsibility for the interests and guidance of this institution has now been delegated to us and as we have officially accepted the trust, we assure you that in our prayers and plans and counsellings together, we are deeply moved by a keen realization of the vital character of our new obligations. “We recognize that this responsibility comes as an inheritance from the United Presbyterian missionaries in Egypt, who seventeen years ago were thinking and planning and praying for a deeper and broader educa tional work in Cairo, the brain center of the Moslem World. God rewarded their missionary zeal for Christ by giving them a vision of greater things to come. “We, as Trustees, enter our new field of service inspired by their hopes and courage. “We cannot also declare too emphatically our complete accord with you in the hope and purpose that Cairo University will ever be, in all that touches its essential life, a Christian University. “We are free to express the conviction that the adopted method of determining the personnel of the Board of Trustees through the" official approval of the Foreign Mission Boards of the respective evangelical denominations, Boards that are formally linked with the enterprise, is the most efficient way to safeguard the unchanging purpose of its Chris tian friends and promoters. “We join with you in the hope and prayer that Cairo University may remain through the coming generations true to our divine, human, risen, glorified Redeemer W hose blood cleanseth us from all sin. “Yours in the bonds of Egypt’s service, “ (Signed) J. K. M c C l u r k i n . “Pittsburgh, March 30, 1915.”

An important development since the last Assembly met, is the agreement of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America to become one of the foreign boards partici pating in the responsibility of passing upon the names of Trus tees to be elected. Annual port— Witty Oun Mis&omoeg.. JviB

This year’s tqll of our missior^ry \/orkers to sickness^ad deatji $^gj^unp re- 6. WITH OUR cedented. Dr. H!*li:'"Magiir fias resigned MISSIONARIES. £rom in ^he Sudan and Dr. Winifred Heston from her work in India. Health conditions have interfered with the going of Mr. and Mrs. W. G. Hamilton to Egypt, and of Mr. and Mrs. W. C. Porter to India. Five times death has entered the mission circle , in India this year. Mrs. R. E. Ayers died on June 19th in Sargodha. Mrs. Ayers was the daughter of Dr. and Mrs. T. L. Scott, of our India Mis sion. She was appointed by the General Assembly as a mission ary to India in 1911 and was married to Mr. Ayers in 1913. She was a woman of unusual beauty of character and was well beloved by both missionaries and Indians. Mr. W. E. Nicoll died suddenly of cholera in Gandarbal, Kash mir, India, on August 6th. Mr. Nicoll was appointed by the Gen eral Assembly to the mission in India in 1901. He was a layman and spent the first years of his service as a professor in the Gor don Mission College. He afterward was made General Treasurer and Corresponding Secretary of the Mission, for which position he was particularly well fitted. As Treasurer of the Mission, he rendered invaluable service. Besides this, although he was not an ordained man, he was an earnest evangelist and an ardent per sonal worker. He was a man of untiring energy, unusual adapta bility, quick initiative, keen business sense and deep spirituality. Humanly speaking, the loss caused by his death to the Mission is irreparable. He will also be missed by interdenominational inter ests with which he was connected. He was one of the most valued helpers of the Mission to lepers in India and the East, and one of the chief promoters of the Sialkot Convention. Miss E. M. Minger died in Jhelum on January 25th. Miss Minger was appointed by the General Assembly to the field in India in 1902. She had professional training as a nurse and most of her first term was spent as Superintendent of the Memorial Hospital in Sialkot. After her return from furlough, she was one of the zenana missionaries in Sangla Hill and also had charge of the dispensary in that place. Her quiet, patient, lov ing service for the suffering made her beloved far and wide by the many who came into contact with her life in the medical work. Miss Elizabeth G. Gordon died in Pattersonville, New York, on April 3rd. Miss Gordon was a sister of Dr. Andrew Gordon and was one of the pioneer missionaries in our India Mission. She went into the service in India in 1865 and for forty-fives years rendered to India’s women the most devoted and loving service. She retired from active service in Tndia in 1900. Miss Gordon was a woman of great faith and devotion. By all the 34 Annual Report— With Our Missionaries. younger generation of missionaries she was known as "Auntie Gordon” and was revered by the whole of the United Presby terian Church in the Punjab. Since her retirement she has made her home with relatives in America whose care of her during her later years of helplessness has been full of love and self-sacrifice. Rev. J. W. Ballantyne died in Pittsburgh on April 5th. Mr. Ballantyne was appointed by the General Assembly to the mis sion in India in 1895. His two terms of service were spent in evangelistic work. He had served the long apprenticeship re quired before a missionary can be considered a seasoned worker and was easily one of the leaders in missionary thought and activ ity in North India. He was a man most trusted, respected and loved by his fellow-ministers in the Synod of the Punjab. In the opinion of the mission, he is one of the men who would be most missed at this time. He was a man of great faith, strong convic tion, sound judgment, with a gift for organization, and withal a true and loving friend. His devotion to India was unbounded and even until three days before his death from a malignant disease, he was planning and working actively for the Permanent Equip ment Fund for India. The death or retirement of these valued workers might be called a loss to the Mission, but in some way that man cannot understand, the great Lord of the Harvest must have fitted their removal from active service into His great plan for the work.

Those who have sailed to their respective fields since the last report to the General Assembly are:

Returning missionaries: Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Bell, to Egypt. Dr. M. M. Brown, to India. Miss Carrie M. Buchanan, to Egypt. Rev. J. G. Campbell and Mrs. Campbell, to India. Miss Minnehaha Finney, to Egypt. Rev. J. K. Giffen, D.D., and Mrs. Giffen. to the Sudan. Mr. and Mrs. C. B. Guthrie, to the Sudan. Miss Nancy A. Hadley, to India. Rev. S. G. Hart and Mrs. Hart, to Egypt. Rev. J. Kruidenier, D.D., and Mrs. Kruidenier, to Egypt. Miss Carol McMillan, to Egypt. Miss Fannie C. Martin, to India. Miss Jean Morrison, to India. Miss Marion A. Paden, to Egypt. Prof. C. P. Russell and Mrs. Russell, to Egypt. Miss E. Dorcas Teas, to Egypt. Rev. A. A. Thompson and Mrs. Thompson, to Egypt. Rev. Andrew Watson, D.D., and Mrs. Watson, to Egypt.

New missionaries: Rev. J. H. Colvin, to India. Miss Sara Isabel Dight, to the Sudan. Rev. Earl E. Elder and Mrs. Elder, to Egypt. Miss Davida Finney, to Egypt. Annual Report— Our Finances. 35

Missionaries arriving in America 1914-1915: Rev. C. C. Adams and Mrs. Adams, of Egypt. Miss Mabel B. Dickey, of Egypt. Miss Winifred E. T. Heston, M.D., of India. Miss Laurella G. Dickson, of India. Prof. W. W. Hickman and Mrs. Hickman, of Egypt. Miss Kate A. Hill, of India. Rev. T. E. and Mrs. Holliday, of India. Rev. Neal McClanahan and Mrs. McClanahan, of Egypt. Miss Lois McCracken, of Egypt. Miss E. Josephine Martin, of India. Mrs. W. E. Nicoll, of India. Rev. David S. Oyler and Mrs. Oyler, of the Sudan. Rev. T. L. and Mrs. Scott, of India. Rev. Paul J. Smith and Mrs. Smith, of the Sudan. Miss Josephine L. White, of India. Miss Roe O. Williams, of Egypt. Miss Margaret M. Wilson, of India.

Those returning to the field in the fall of the present year after furlough:

Miss Emma Dean Anderson, of India. Miss Margaret Bell, of Egypt. Miss Hazel Bennett, of India. Miss Lena S. Brotherston, of India. Rev. Osborne Crowe, of India. Rev. A. B. Caldwell and Mrs. Caldwell, of India. Miss A. L. Corkey, of Egypt. Miss Henrietta Cowden, of India. Mr. F. S. and Mrs. Hoyman, of Egypt. Miss Jane E. Martin, of India. Miss Anna B. Watson, M.D., of Egypt.

Miss Mary Kerr, of the Mission in Egypt, was married in October to Rev. W. R. Coventry, of the Mission in Egypt. Thus, while Miss Kerr’s name is transferred from the force of unmar ried lady workers in Egypt, her service is not lost to that field.

In the estimate for current work pre sented to the General Assembly last year, 7. OUR FINANCES. $289,798, no provision was made for ad vance in the work, nor for the deficit of $49,381. The actual expenditures of the year have been $289,286, really keeping within the Budget esti mated by $512. The total receipts for the year, including the Foreign Emergency Fund, have been $290,470, being $1,184 more than the expendi tures, and reducing the total deficit to $48,197. The Board deplored the necessity of going to the Church with a special appeal at the end of the year. If this appeal had not been made, however, and the amount of the Foreign Emergency Fund, $35,508, had not been received, the situation would have been staggering. The total receipts for the foreign work would 36 Annual Report— Our Finances. have been only $254,962, and the deficit would have been $83,705. These figures bring the Church face to face with what has hap pened within the past two years. Within the year ending in April, 1914, the Church had fallen off in its contributions through Congregations, Sabbath-schools and Young People’s Societies, $18,372. Within the year just ending, it has fallen below last year’s figure to the amount of $16,011. Or, in other words, the gifts to Foreign Missions this year, from these sources, are $34,383 less than they were two years ago. If the will of the Church is to be discovered in its offerings through “Regular Sources,” the unmistakable call is for heavy retrenchment. As stated elsewhere, the Board must pursue the policy of keep ing its expenditures within its receipts. Last year, the estimate presented to and approved by the Assembly called for $289,798. This represented the lowest amount possible to carry on the work in hand without any advance. With the sanction of the Assem bly, the sending out of new missionaries was cared for by a spe cial fund. This year, the Board presents an estimate of $275,815, which represents a retrenchment in the present work of $13,983. This retrenchment is accomplished by not supplying from the Budget the salaries for missionaries to take the places that are vacant through death and resignation, and by economies in ad ministration. Even this reduced Budget is not covered by any funds in sight. Estimating the amount available from Congregations, Sabbath- schools and Young People’s Societies to be equal to that of this year, provides $206,069. The annual income of the Board from all other sources (bequests, individuals, interest, etc.) varies by several thousands of dollars from year to year, but for the past several years the average has been $43,169. This still leaves $26,577 uncared for from any source. This margin of $26,577, unprovided for, is for current work. Add to this the deficit, $48,197, and the total sum unprovided for by the next year’s schedule of income is $74,774. This margin may be provided for in one of three ways: (1) The Board may be allowed to add to its deficit all the amount lying between the estimate for the year and the receipts from the Church. (2) It may be ordered to retrench in the field, not only to the amount of $13,983, as recommended in the estimate, but to add to this, $26,577 *n current Budget unprovided for, thus making a total re duction of $40,560 in the work. (3) The Board may be allowed to raise this margin by extraordinary efforts apart from the reg ular contributions through congregational sources. The balance in hand of the “New Missionaries’ Fund,” received last year, is $14,164. It is planned with this fund to send out the new missionaries who are ready for appointment this year. Neither this fund nor its expenditure is included in any of the above figures. . Annual Report— Our Finances. 37 During the year the following funds have been established The David M. Ure Memorial. Principal $23,750.00. Addi tional amount from the estate of Rev. David M. Ure, D.D., de ceased. The fund is an endowment for Assiut College, Egypt. The Mrs. Frances M. Ure Memorial Fund. Principal $26,969.24. Being a bequest under the will of Mrs. Frances M. Ure, deceased, widow of the late Rev. David M. Ure, D.D., to be used in estab lishing a hospital at some needful point in Egypt, or to be applied in connection with other funds in hospital work in Egypt. The John Bell Memorial Fund. Principal $15,156.75. From the estate of John Bell, late of Fergusonville, New York. To be invested and the income applied for the education of a native ministry in either Egypt or India. The Nathaniel B. Hayden Memorial Fund. Principal $1,920.00. From the estate of Nathaniel B. Hayden, deceased, formerly of Carroll County, Ohio. The principal to be invested perpetually and the income used in the work of the Board. The Robert Braden Memorial Fund. Principal $1,000.00. Be ing a gift of the late Mrs. Malinda K. Braden, formerly of Wash ington, Iowa. To be invested perpetually and the income ijsed in the work of the Board.

The record of the receipts on Appropriations, as reported by the Treasurer of the Board, Mr. Robert t,. I^atimer, is as follows: S C H E D U L E A. Receipts on Appropriation. Presbyteries ...... $193,876 09 Sabbath Schools ...... 9,482 30 Individuals ...... 7,228 13 Young People’s Societies ... 2,711 47 B equests ...... 28,624 65 Ladies’ Missionary Societies 175 00 In te re s t ...... 1,424 80 Endowed Funds Income .... 2,053 90 Miscellaneous Funds ...... 9,385 64 Foreign Emergency Fund .. 35,508 82 Total on Appropriation $290,470 80 38 Annual Report— Estimates and Appropriations. II.—THE NEW YEAR. In making out its budget for the work 1. ESTIMATES of 1915-16, the Board has adhered to the AND policy observed a year ago of limiting APPROPRIATIONS, itself to the mere maintenance of the work already in hand. It ought to be noted, however, that with a steady increase in the cost of missionary operations abroad, a stationary budget really fails to maintain the work. Some work must be abandoned in order that other work may be properly maintained. We may indeed point to dis tricts in Egypt where the number of mission schools is less than one-fourth of the number in operation a few years ago. It be came necessary to sacrifice many of these schools in order to meet, in a few schools, the increasing requirements of the edu cational life of the country. But not merely does the avoidance of a reduction of the work argue insistently for increased appropriations, but our very suc cesses challenge us to advance. It is comparatively easy to reduce the scope of unfruitful work, but when our missionary activities are attended with spiritual harvests that amaze and inspire, a re duction of these activities or even a refusal to follow after God in caring for those whom His grace has redeemed, seems almost criminal. It might be pointed out that the war in Europe has also placed a new emphasis upon the importance of our Church’s mission fields. Egypt has been found to possess an enormous advantage by virtue of its geographical location at the junction of two Con tinents, and along the greatest waterway of the world. The ad vantage Egypt possesses geographically is paralleled by a unique advantage from a missionary point of view. The recent estab lishment of a Sultanate in Egypt adds to Egypt’s acknowledged leadership in the Moslem world along intellectual lines, and a semblance of political leadership which may even challenge the waning political leadership of Turkey. India’s response to Great Britain’s appeal for help in the present war, has resulted in a new value being attached to this land and its peoples. It is not improbable that at the close of this war, we shall witness in India a development of unparalleled rapidity along social, political and industrial lines. Is the Christian Church of the West ready to make possible a similar development of India along religious lines ? These considerations are enumerated here to suggest how diffi cult it has been for the Board to wholly refuse even a slight ex pansion of the Church’s foreign missionary work during these days of opportunity. The Board, however, is deeply convinced that the Church must itself determine by its gifts whether it de sires the work expanded. It is useless to argue for expansion unless the arguments are supported by actual increase in contri- Annual Report— Estimates and Appropriations. 39 butions. The Board has determined to keep its current expendi tures within the limits of the Church’s current contributions. To this end, the following minimum budget has been adopted:

(Exclusive of New Missionaries and Deficit.) E gyp t ...... $167,523 India ...... 132,201 Sudan ...... 33,942 Salaries (two Associate Secretaries, $4,750; Treasurer, $500) . 5,250 Clerical Expenses ...... 4,715 Printing ...... ; 2,700 Office and General Expenses ...... 7,951 E m ergency ...... 5,000 Interest ...... 4,000

$363,282 Current Work Women’s Board ...... 87,467

Current Work of Foreign Board ...... $275,815 Four things need to be noted with reference to this budget: (a) It allows no advances in the work; indeed, it may be ques tioned whether with the increased cost of all work, it may not represent a real reduction, (b) It takes advantage in our three fields of the opportunity of reducing the cost of the work by leaving unfilled the vacancies created in the foreign missionary force by death or retirement. It is true that, in a measure, relief is gained by the sending out of some new recruits by the use of the New Missionaries’ Fund received last year of which a goodly balance remains. The question may be asked, How does the Board propose to secure the funds required for the proposed budget, since the amount guaranteed to the Board by the Church’s pledges falls considerably below what is required for the work as outlined. The Board has considered this question with care and can see but one way to meet the situation. It is that certain phases of the work whose cost will represent the amount required in excess of the Church’s pledges on the budget, shall be offered to individuals for support, with the understanding that said support shall not interfere with the individual’s normal contributions to the regu lar budget. The Board has ground for believing that with all the advantages that belong to the plan of a central budget, there are certain human desires which this plan does not satisfy: among these is the donor’s desire to be directly related to some specific work. Many pastors have expressed to the Board their desire for some plan which would permit them to secure special in creases in the contributions of those few who are now giving to the general budget a normal amount of support, but who could be induced to undertake larger things if presented in concrete and definite form. Unless some such definite plan of cultivating individual givers be approved and the Board permitted to pro 40 Annual Report— Appointments of Missionaries. mote it, all reasonable safeguards of course being observed, the Board sees no alternative to the inexorable necessity of reducing our present work abroad by the withdrawal of missionaries and the closing of institutions. A difficult dilemma presents itself: the present work was launched in days when the Church’s pledges were considerably in excess of what they are to-day: the pledges of the Church now do not provide for more than about two-thirds of the missionary budget; the remaining third must be provided for by some definite plan which promises to secure the requisite funds; in the absence of such definite effort, the only reasonable step would seem to be marked reduction of our present work. While regretfully pursuing a policy of rigid economy, the Board does not feel able to approve a more severe policy which would contemplate an actual withdrawal of present forces.

Dr. Watson, feeling that he should be o a rvviim ictd a entirely free to devote his energies to the TION interests of the Cairo University, asked the Board to forward his resignation to the General Assembly. After a very full dis cussion of the matter, the Board urgently requested Dr. Watson to withdraw his resignation, which, deferring to the judgment of the Board, he has done. The support of Dr. Watson is still being carried by a group of individuals interested in the Cairo University, as was the case last year. Under these circumstances, the Board would request that the administrative work be carried by two Associate Secre taries, as was planned last year. With the hope that such a plan might be acceptable to the Assembly, the Board has asked the Rev. N. D. McClanahan, who is at home on his first furlough from Egypt, if he would take up for one year the duties of Asso ciate Secretary laid down by his brother, Rev. P. H. McClanahan, last year, at a salary not to exceed $2,250 a year. It is hoped that this year the two Associate Secretaries might afford Dr. Watson the desired relief from administrative work, while the Board con tinued to receive much benefit from his co-operation. Mr. McClanahan has been asked if he would undertake this work for a year, not only because he brings to it the experience and burden of a missionary, but because he has qualifications peculiarly fitting him for this service. His filling this position for the year would relieve the Budget at another point also, when relief is being sought wherever possible.

The names of the following oersons 3. APPOINTMENT have been approved by the Women’s OF Board and are submitted to the General MISSIONARIES. Assembly for appointment as mission aries to their respective fields: Annual Report— Special Thanks. 41

Miss Alice G. Burnham, to India. Miss Sara Isabel Dight, to the Sudan. Miss Edna J. Giffen, to Egypt. Miss Anna M. Jack, M.D., to India. Miss Helen J. Martin, to India. Miss Elizabeth Robertson, to Egypt. Miss Mabel C. Stewart, to India. Miss Martha F. Strong, to India.

In accordance with the permission granted it by the General Assembly last year, the Board appealed for a special fund for the sending out of new missionaries under appointment to our several fields. The response of the Church to this appeal was the sum of $19,347. Owing to health conditions and for other reasons, of those under appointment only two were able to reach their respective fields. This has left in hand a balance from this special fund of $14,164. Although the demand for money to be used in the regular bud get has been so urgent, the Board has not felt at liberty to take this special fund subscribed for a specific purpose and apply it on the regular budget. The balance of this fund is sufficient for the traveling expenses of several new missionaries and their sup port for one year. The Board therefore recommends the follow ing persons and submits their names for missionary appointment:

Mrs. E. E. Elder (Miss Ellen O. Nesbitt), to Egypt. Rev. J. C. and Mrs. Heinrich, to India. Rev. W. B. Jamison, and Miss Gertrude M. Newlin, to Egypt. Rev. James K. Quay, to Egypt. Rev. H. Ray Shear and Miss Mina B. Knox, to Egypt. Miss Helen Smith, to India. Dr. C. E. Wilkerson and Mrs. Wilkerson, to the Sudan.

SPECIAL THANKS.

In a year when dangers of war have threatened our fields on every side, when there has been anxiety for the safety of the workers, and for the progress of the work and when there has been acute financial depression in many places in the home land, the Board desires to record its thanksgiving to Almighty God for protection vouchsafed our missionaries in the fields, for condi tions of peace in all three lands that have made possible almost uninterrupted progress in the work, and for deliverance from the necessity of adding to the deficit of the Board. Through the year there has been a deep consciousness of the protecting, guid ing hand of God in the work and a strong conviction that none but God could work so wonderfully. The Board wishes also to express its gratitude to the many friends who have co-operated through the year by gifts in money, in generously devoted service and in prevailing prayer. There 42 Annual Report— Special Thanks. never has been a year when so many individuals and congrega tions have given more substantial expression of loyalty to this work of Christ than in the present year. Among the hosts of friends who have helped the cause during the year, the following might be specially mentioned with gratitude: 1. The Women’s Board has continued its great work in the three fields, making advance in all of them in the present year. The loyal, devoted leaders in the women’s work and the gen erous, self-sacrificing subscribers to the work are deserving of the gratitude of every one interested in the mission work in our fields. 2. The Church periodicals, “The Christian Union Herald,” ‘'The United Presbyterian,” “The Christian Instructor” and the “Women’s Magazine,” have faithfully and generously kept the cause of Foreign Missions before the Church through another year. 3. The Board feels greatly indebted to the Columbia Hospital, Pittsburgh, for its liberal care of many missionaries who have been sorely in need of medical aid and some of whom could not have had such aid as was afforded but for the kindness of the managers of that institution. 4. The individuals, congregations and other organizations that came so loyally to the help of the cause in the closing months of the year are remembered with deep gratitude. Among these are many who have made marked sacrifice through gifts of money, time and strength. 5. There are individuals, pastors and laymen, living in places scattered throughout the Church, whose quiet help has been spread over the year. The names of many such, while known to the Board, will never appear in any published list. They seek no expression of thanksgiving, but the Board wishes to record its gratitude to them. The following have contributed large amounts during the year: Congregations: First Allegheny; Sixth Pittsburgh; Shadyside, Pittsburgh; First Buffalo, New York; First Detroit, Michigan; Tarkio, Missouri; Bellevue, Penna.; First Sewickley, Penna.; Second New Wilmington, Penna.; Second Allegheny; Second Washington, Penna.; Fourth Allegheny; Roney’s Point, W. V a.; Cadiz, Ohio; St. Clairsville, Ohio; Mrs. William Flinn; “A Friend of Missions, Pittsburgh, Penna.” ; Mrs. Ruth Junk Camp bell ; Mrs. Margaret Junk McDowell; Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Fra ser; “A Contributor, Jersey City, N. J.” ; Mr. J. A. Christensen; Miss Mary L. Kennedy; Messrs. Bogle Bros.; Mr. E. D. Rey nolds ; Mr. J. M. Brown; The Howison Family; Messrs. John ston Bros.; Mr. James Hoven; “In Memory of Thomas H. and Anna M. Davidson from their children” ; Mrs. Samuel E. Young; Students Pittsburgh Theological Seminary: Mr. G. E. F. Gray; Mrs. Fannie E. Wasson; “A Friend of Missions” ; Mrs. George M. Paden; Individual, Wheeling Presbytery; “A Friend of Annual Report— Special Thanks. 43

Missions, Los Angeles, California” ; Individual, Andes, New York; Hutchison, Kansas Congregation; “A Friend of Mis sions” ; Rev. J. A. Williamson, D.D.; “Friends of Missions, Ingram, Penna.” ; Mrs. Nannie M. Knobloch; Mr. Hugh Lynn; Mr. Robert Johnston; Mrs. A. L. Dickson; Mrs. Anna M. Kingan; Mr. Edw. S. Harkness; Misses Martha B., Alice F. and Elizabeth M. Warden; W. J. Cherry; Mrs. J. C. Doty; Mr. William S. Doty; Mrs. Lida J. McCutcheon; Mrs. W. C. Williamson; Rev. A. R. Munford’s Bible Class, College Springs, Iowa; “Practical Helper” ; Mrs. Nettie V. Hanna; Anonymous, Pittsburgh, Penna.; Mr. and Mrs. Percy L. Craig; Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. Westminster College; Mr. William Wright; Mrs. M. J. Newman; Mr. John R. Caldwell; Rev. and Mrs. J. P. Finney; Mr. W. M. Long; Rev. and Mrs. Elbert L. Mc- Creery; “A Friend, Waynesboro, Penna.” ; Mr. Dow Aikin; Mr. James Carson; Mr. E. H. Mahood; Mrs. S. J. Mitchell; ‘‘Friends of Missions” ; Mrs. Margaret H. Cleland; Mr. J. P. Cameron; Mr. and Mrs. George W. Aikin; Miss J. Iv. Denham; Miss I. A. Munroe; Mrs. J. W. Culbertson; Jennie H. Clark; Mrs. Ada Reber; Mr. Robert Rutledge; E. P. Douglass; Mr. and Mrs. Robert Livingston; Rev. Henry Wallace, LL.D .; Miss A. Alice Bridge; Individual, Illinois Southern Presbytery; Mr. R. K. Torrance; and numerous other Congregations, Sabbath Schools, Young People’s Societies and individuals, who are espe cially named in the detailed report of the Treasurer.

M. G. K y l e , President. C h a r l e s R . W a t s o n , Corresponding Secretary. W . B. A n d e r so n , Associate Secretary. C. S. C l e l a n d , Recording Secretary. R ober t L . L a t im e r , Treasurer. Philadelphia, April 30, 1915. 44 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer.

TREASURER'S REPORT. F op Year Ending April 30th, 1915. S um m ary. RECEIPTS. Schedule A. Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly— Presbyteries ...... $193,876 09 Sabbath Schools ...... 9,482 30 Individuals ...... 7,228 13 Young People’s Societies ...... 2,711 47 B equests ...... 28,624 65 Ladies’ Missionary Societies ...... 175 00 In te re s t ...... 1,424 80 Endowed Funds Income ...... 2,053 90 Miscellaneous Funds ...... 9,385 64 Foreign Emergency Fund ...... 35,508 82 Total on Appropriation ...... $290,470 80 SC H E D U L E B. Women’s Board— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General A ssem bly ...... 103,782 89 S chedule C. Endowed Funds Principal and Income and Miscellaneous F unds— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General A ssem bly ...... 128,175 31 Schedule D. investments and Loans— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General A ssem bly ...... 12,668 20 Total from All Sources ...... $535,097 22 Donation in Egypt Credited on This Year...... 297 98 Balance in India from Preceding Fiscal Year Merged into This Year ...... 103 55 Balance in Sudan from Preceding Fiscal Year Merged into This Year ...... 1,558 00 Balance April 30th, 1914...... 24,575 32 $561,632 07 DISBURSEMENTS. Schedule A. Egyptian Mission ...... $192,707 50 Schedule B. India Mission ...... 136,900 93 Schedule C. Sudan Mission ...... 34,475 28 Schedule D. Expense of Missionaries outside of Fields...... 34,850 03 Schedule E. Miscellaneous Funds ...... 11,146 77 Schedule F. Interest on Loans and A nnuities ...... 4,979 76 Schedule G. Administrative Expenses ...... 20,647 54 Schedule H. Investments and Loans ...... 75,785 00 Total Disbursements ...... $511,492 81 Balance held for Special Trust and Kndowed Funds, A pril 30th, 1915 ...... $32,759 34 B alance held a g a in st O u tsta n d in g Loans, April 30th, 1915 17,379 92 $561,632 07 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer. 45

DETAILED STATEMENT. RECEIPTS.

Schedule A.

Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly— Section 1— From Direct Contributions— Presbyteries ...... $193,876 09 Sabbath Schools ...... 9,482 30 Individuals ...... 7,228 13 Young People’s Societies ...... 2,711 47 B equests ...... 28,624 65 L ad ies’ M issionary S ocieties ...... 1'75 00 In te re s t ...... 1,424 80 Foreign Emergency Fund ...... 35,508 82 $279,031 26 Section 2—Endowed Funds Income— Sterrett and Agnes Cummins Memorial Fund ...... 59 40 James Junk Fund ...... 300 00 Ella Jane Dysart Fund ...... 30 00 L. and M. E. A. Fund ...... 60 00 Ja m es S. M cN ary F u n d ...... 239 43 Mary L. Pratt Fund ...... 18 00 Mary Sterrift Memorial Fund ...... 28 58 Matthew Niekle Memorial Fund ...... 78 00 Mrs. Jane E. Mack Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Eliza Christie Fund ...... 468 31 Jo sep h an d E liza B a rr M em orial F u n d ...... 102 92 Elizabeth Adair Currie Fund ...... 118 42 James and Agnes Sankey Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Rev. W. W . B a rr, D.D., M em orial F u n d ...... 30 00 Robertson Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Scholarship ...... 50 00 Mrs. Agnes A. Clark, Jessie and Mary Clark Memorial F u n d ...... 30 00 Thomas S. and Mary J. McClanahan Memorial Fund... 60 00 McCarrell-Moore Fund ...... 60 00 Nelson Pratt Memorial F und ...... 27 00 K en n eth W ilson S m ith M em orial F u n d ...... 6 75 Rev. John M. Adair Memorial Fund ...... 42 49 N ath an iel B. H ayden M em orial F u n d ...... 57 60 Alexander H. McArthur Fund ...... 60 00 Rev. James Price, D.D., Memorial Fund ...... 7 00 -$ 2,053 90 Section 3—Miscellaneous Funds— Sudan Fund ...... 3 3,053 12 New Missionaries’ Fund—Preceding Years...... 3,832 52 Matured Annuity Donations ...... 2,500 00 9,385 64 Total on Appropriation of the General Assembly. $290,470 80

Schedule B. WOMEN’S BOARD.

Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Egyptian Mission— S alaries ...... $ 14,850 00 Furlough Salaries ...... 1,800 00 E stim a te s ...... 20,427 00 Specials ...... 2,581 06 Traveling Expenses ...... 1,160 34 Assiut Parsonage Loan ...... 7,965 00 Loss on Exchange ...... 244 80 ------$ 49,028 20 India Mission— S alaries ...... $ 21,447 00 Furlough Salaries ...... 2,520 00 E stim a te s ...... 19,421 00 S pecials ...... 1,870 25 Traveling Expenses ...... 1,311 89 ------$ 46,570 14 4-6 Annual Report—^Exhibit of Treasurer.

Sudan Mission— S alaries ...... 4 1 nn F urlo u g h S alaries ...... ? 00 E stim a te s ...... 6,190 00 S pecials ...... 20 00 Traveling Expenses ...... 284 55 ------$ 8,184 55 1103,782 89

Schedule C. Endowed and Miscellaneous Funds—Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Section 1—Endowed Funds, Principal— Rev. John M. Adair Memorial Fund ...... $ 121 85 John Bell Memorial Fund ...... 15,156 25 Nathaniel B. Hayden Memorial Fund ...... 1,920 00 Rev. James Price, D.D., Memorial Fund ...... 50 00 Rev. D avid M. U re, D.D., M em orial F u n d ...... 23,750 00 Mrs. Francis M. Ure Memorial Fund ...... 26,969 24 Annuity Fund ...... 6,000 00 ------$ 73,967 34 Section 2—Endowed Funds Income— Rev. John B. Dales, D.D., Semi-Centennial Fund ...... ? 250 00 Mrs. Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund ...... 34 61 Mr. and Mrs. George S. Brush Endowment Fund 60 00 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 172 26 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage Fund ...... 383 17 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund in Trust ...... 102 00 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 815 00 Margaret Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 74 40 Robert Dwight Foster Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,554 66 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 703 30 Pressly Memorial Fund ...... 373 80 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund ...... 268 86 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund ...... 294 05 Annuity Fund, General ...... 2,822 96 Annuity Fund, Special ...... 546 00 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Bed ...... 50 00 Charity Porter Memorial Fund ...... 85 50 John Bell Memorial Fund ...... 268 45 Mary Boyle Memorial Fund, per Trustees of the General A ssem bly ...... '...... 401 37 John and Ann Jane Craig Memorial Fund ...... 53 58 Martha J. McGinnis Memorial Fund ...... 19 50 Rev. David M. Ure, D.D., Memorial Fund ...... 1,263 58 M rs. F ra n c e s M. U re M em orial F u n d ...... 875 23 ------$ 11,652 28 Section 3—Miscellaneous Funds— Specials to Egypt ...... ? 4,551 26 Girls’ College, Cairo ...... 1,259 10 Assiut College ...... 1,460 00 Library Endowment Fund, Assiut College ...... 50 00 Estate of William Whiting Borden, Deceased ... 1,125 00 L ib rary F und, T a n ta G irls’ School...... 61 52 A. M. N ickle L oan, E g y p t ...... 500 00 Estate of William Reed, Deceased ...... 339 23 Specials to India ...... 3,822 67 India Famine Orphans’ Fund ...... 40 85 Martinpur School, India ...... 273 63 Nelson Pratt Boys’ School, Martinpur, India ...... 400 00 Gujranwala School, India ...... 342 00 India Permanent Equipment Fund ...... 3,085 12 Specials to Sudan ...... 186 94 Sudan Boat Fund ...... 5,555 14 Sudan Boys’ Home ...... 14 04 Sudan Boys’ School ...... 7 00 Robert Arthington Refund ...... 39 78 Ladies’ Missionary Societies for Account Women’s B oard ...... 74 75 Women's Board for Account of Sand Hill Congregation, Fairview, Ohio ...... 20 00 . ------$ 2*,208 03 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer. 47

Section 4— New Missionaries— F und, 1914-16 ...... $ 19,34766 Schedule D. Investments and Loans— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General A sse m bly. Matured Mortgages ...... $ 7,400 00 L oans ...... '...... 5,268 22 $ 12,668 22

DISBURSEMENTS. Schedule A. Egyptian Mission— Remitted and paid for Egyptian Account ...... $159,126 00 Specials to Egypt ...... 7,126 37 John S. Fowler Orphanage, Principal ...... 10,193 52 John S. Fowler Orphanage, Income ...... 383 17 Pressly Memorial Institute ...... 373 80 Girls’ College, Cairo ...... 1,259 10 Assiut College ...... 1,460 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,152 89 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 172 26 Campbell £>. Herron Memorial Fund ...... 268 86 Wallace Kidd Memorial F und ...... 60 00 Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund ...... 34 61 Rev. Jo h n j6. Dales, D.D., Semi-Centennial Fund.... 125 00 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund ...... 294 05 Pressly Fund ...... 242 92 Theological Seminary Endowment ...... 500 00 Robert Dwight Foster Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Bed ...... 50 00 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Library Endowment Fund, Assiut College ...... 50 00 Charity Porter Memorial Fund ...... 42 75 Women’s Board Loan, Assiut Parsonage ...... 7,965 00 Rev. W. W. Barr, D.D., Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 John Bell Memorial Fund ...... 10 00 John and Ann Jane Craig Memorial Fund ...... 53 58 A. M. N ickle L oan ...... 500 00 Estate of William Reed, Deceased, Income ...... 169 62 New Missionary Account ...... 914 00 ------$192,707 50

Schedule B. India Mission— Remitted and Paid for India Account ...... $125,693 00 Specials to India ...... 5,732 92 India Famine Orphans ...... 40 85 Gujranwala School ...... 342 00 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 815 00 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 330 30 Rev. John B. Dales, D.D., Semi-Centennial Fund 125 00 Charity Porter Memorial Fund ...... 42 75 Martinpur School ...... 273 63 Nelson Pratt Boys’ School ...... 400 00 John Bell Memorial Fund ...... 250 00 Mary Boyle Memorial Fund ...... 401 37 Permanent Equipment Fund ...... 1,500 00 Martha J. McGinnis Memorial Fund ...... 19 50 Estate of William Reed, Deceased, Income ...... 169 61 New Missionary Account ...... 765 00 ------$136,900 93

Schedule C. Sudan Mission— Remitted and Paid for Sudan Account ...... $ 34,185 00 Specials to Sudan ...... 192 66 Sudan Boat Fund ...... 2 18 Margaret Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 74 40 Sudan Boys’ Home ...... 14 04 Sudan Boys’ School ...... 7 00 ------$ 34,475 28 48 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer.

Schedule D. Section 1— Expense of Missionaries Outside of Fields— Traveling Expenses, India Missionaries ...... $ 3,205 75 Traveling- Expenses, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 5,710 75 Traveling Expenses, Sudan Missionaries ...... 1,651 66 Tuition Allowance, India Missionaries ...... 50 00 Tuition Allowance, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 270 00 Tuition Allowance, Sudan Missionaries ...... t . 30 04 Furlough Salaries, India Missionaries ...... 7,687 80 Furlough Salaries, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 6,668 61 Furlough Salaries, Sudan Missionaries ...... 1,945 10 Children of India Missionaries ...... 1,573 04 Children of Egyptian Missionaries ...... 979 31 Children of Sudan Missionaries ...... 322 12 Allowance, Mrs. Blanche D. Nicoll ...... 251 88 Allowance, Mrs. Luella Tidrick ...... 1,000 00 ------$ 31,346 06 Section 2—Expense of New Missionaries— Traveling Expenses, India Missionaries ...... $ 711 19 Traveling Expenses, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 571 95 Furlough Salaries, India Missionaries ...... 201 66 Furlough Salaries, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 791 67 Outfit, India Missionaries ...... 450 00 Outfit, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 600 00 T uition ...... 50 00 New Wilmington Conference ...... 127 50 ------$ 3,503 97

Schedule E. Miscellaneous Funds— Samuel Kerr Fund, Annuity Interest ...... 373 00 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund in Trust ...... 102 00 Legal Expenses ...... 249 53 Emergency Fund ...... 4,470 65 Missionary and Efficiency Committee ...... 2,200 00 L an g u ag e S tudy School E xpenses ...... 189 01 Women’s Board, Account of Sand Hill Congregation, Fairview, Ohio ...... 20 00 Cable ...... 4 77 G ibson T ru s t F u n d E xpense ...... 401 77 Maria J. Miles Fund, Special ...... 563 00 Special Allowance, Mrs. Lillian Brandon ...... 400 00 Permanent Equipment Fund Paid A. N. Fraser, Treas. 1,585 12

Ladies’ Missionary Societies for Account of the CO Women’s Board ...... 00 43 T&iXGS ••••• »• • *••••••• 3 49 Rev. David M. Ure, D.D., Estate Paid Union Dale Cemetery Company ...... 100 00 Mrs. Frances M. Ure Estate Paid Union Dale Cemetery C om pany ...... 100 00 ------$ 11,146 77

Schedule F. In terest— On L oans ...... $ 1,556 80 On Annuities ...... 2,822 96 On Annuity, Special ...... 600 00 ------$ 4,979 76

Schedule G. Administrative Expenses— Salary, Corresponding Secretary ...... $ 900 00 Salary, Treasurer ...... 500 00 Salaries, Associate Secretaries ...... 4,499 99 Traveling Expenses, Corresponding Secretary ...... 350 63 Traveling Expenses, Associate Secretaries ...... 1,178 85 Clerical Allowance of Secretaries ...... 4,851 29 Clerical Allowance, Treasurer ...... 952 00 P rin tin g , P o stag e, R e n t Office an d G eneral Ex p en ses 6,176 85 Miscellaneous Expenses, General ...... 1,237 93 ------20,647 54 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer. 49

Schedule H. Investments ...... ? 67,285 00 L oans ...... 8,500 00 ------$ 75,785 00

INDEBTEDNESS. Due by M issions, E tc $ 4,297 23 i D ue R eserve F und ...... $ 43,374 52 Cash B al., A pril 30, 1915 50,139 26 i O u tstan d in g L oans ...... 26,500 00 Deficit, A pril 30, 1915 ...... 48,197 37 ! Due Spec, an d T ru s t F u n d s 32,759 34 $102,633 86 i $102,633 86 5o Action of General Assembly. REPORT OF ASSEMBLY’S COMMITTEE ON THE FOREIGN BOARD.

The only report coming into the hands of your Committee was the Fifty-sixth Annual Report of the Board of Foreign Missions. After considering the report as carefully as it has been possible for us to do, we commend to your careful and prayerful consideration the fol lowing facts noted in the report,— 1. The evidence of God’s loving care over the work and the workers during the year just past Notwithstanding the fact that a great world •conflict has been raging all about our work and workers, yet God’s hand has covered them in a marvelous way and no harm has come to any of them. 2. The fact that instead of the war closing the doors for missionary work in foreign lands as we feared, the doors of opportunity are standing open before us as never before. 3. The fact that it is a time of crisis in the world’s history. This is the time seemingly when nations are to be born in a day. 4. This is a time of crisis in the missionary effort of the world. The missionary work carried on by the nations now at war must inevitably suffer and retrenchment will naturally follow. If the Christian churches of any land are to arise to meet the emergency it must be America. Who knows but we have come into our inheritance for just such a time as this? 5. That for years no advancement in the foreign fields has been un dertaken except by the addition of new missionaries, and yet actually thousands and tens of thousands of men and women in India, Egypt and the Sudan are calling for us to come over and tell them about Jesus Christ. 6. That there is a debt now resting on the Board of Foreign Mis sions of $48,197 and the work planned by the Board for the next year after making every reduction that seemed permissible, will leave a mar ginal difference of about $26,577 for which no provision has been made. 7. That the Board of Foreign Missions is recommending the send ing out of eleven new missionaries, all expenses for this year to be met by the “New Missionary Fund,” but provision will need to be made after this year for their future support 8. That we note with gratitude the progress being made for the es tablishment of a Christian University in Cairo. 9. That we commend the careful supervision being made by the Trustees of the Cairo Christian University for the safe-guarding of the University’s Christian character. 10. We note with sadness the death of the following missionaries during the past year: Mrs. R. E. Ayers, died on June 19th, 1914. Mr. W . E. Nicoll, died August 6th, 1914. Miss E. M. Minger, died January 25th, 1915. Miss Elizabeth G. Gordon, died April 3rd, 1915. Rev. J. W . Ballantyne, died April 5th, 1915. To this list we must also add the name of Rev. Paul H. McClanahan, Associate Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, whose death oc curred on the 10th of August, 1914. W e commend to the sympathy and the prayers of the Church those who have been especially bereaved, and the whole work under the care of the Foreign Mission Board which has been deprived of some of its ablest workers. 11. That we express our gratitude to Dr. Charles R. Watson for con senting to continue to serve the Church as Corresponding Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, and that we commend the board for se curing the services of Rev. Neal D. McClanahan as Associate Secretary for the coming year. Your Committee would recommend the following :— 1. That the General 'Assembly concur with the Board of Foreign Missions in the plan of administration proposed for the coming year. Action of General Assembly. 51

2. That the following persons approved by the Women’s Board be appointed to their respective fields:— Miss Alice G. Burnham, to India. Miss Sara Isabel Dight, to the Sudan. Miss Edna J. Giffen, to Egypt. Miss Anna M. Jack, M.D., to India. Miss Helen J. Martin, to India. Miss Elizabeth Robertson, to Egypt. Miss Mabel C. Stewart, to India. Miss Martha F. Strong, to India. 3. We recommend that the following persons whose names have been recommended by the Foreign Mission Board be appointed to their Mrs. E. E. Elder, (Miss Ellen O. Nesbitt) to Egypt, respective fields:— Rev. J. C. and Mrs. Heinrich, to India. Rev. W. B. Jamison and Miss Gertrude M. Newlin, to Egypt. Rev. James K. Quay, to Egypt. Rev. H. Ray Shear and Miss Mina B. Knox, to Egypt. Miss Helen Smith, to India. Dr. C. E. Wilkerson and Mrs. Wilkerson, to the Sudan. 4. We further recommend that only as many new missionaries be sent at this time as can be provided for from the “New Missionaries Fund.” (This is not intended to limit the Board in sending out any one under regular appointment if full provision can be made for their sup port during their first term of service in the foreign field.) . 5. Owing to the fact that there is a marginal difference of about $26,577 between the estimated receipts and expenditures, and that the amount must either be raised by the Church during this year, or it must be added to the debt at the end of the year, or there must be immediate retrenchment which will mean the recalling of perhaps ten or more mis sionaries who have dedicated themselves to the work in foreign lands, spent a great part of their lives in preparation for this work, and were never more needed in their respective fields than at the present time, therefore, We further recommend, a. That this Assembly emphatically declare itself against further re trenchment that must mean the recalling of missionaries now on the foreign field. b. We recommend that the Assembly declare itself as opposed to the policy of adding anything to the present indebtedness now resting upon the Board of Foreign Missions. c. Recognizing the fact that there are individuals both within and without the Church who can and will respond to an appeal to them as in dividuals, we recommend that the Board of Foreign Missions be urged to provide for the marginal difference between the receipts and expenditures in this way. d. We recommend that the Board of Foreign Missions be instructed to copperate with the Missionary and Efficiency Committee in their en deavor to liquidate the present indebtedness. e. Recognizing the fact that we are actually facing a great crisis in our Foreign Mission work, and that hitherto we have been led of God, step by step, and that now even more than money there is a need of a great spiritual awakening in the Church that would give us a real vision of what Christ would have us undertake in His name, therefore we rec ommend— That this Assembly spend a period in prayer that we may know the will of our God, and that the Church be urged to spend time in prayer and supplication for an outpouring of the_ Spirit of God upon the Church both at home and abroad, for He has said— “If ye being evil know how to give good gifts unto your children, how much more shall your Heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to them that ask Him.” G U Y M cC R A C K E N , J. H. M cC U LLY, NEAL D. McCLANAHAN, H U GH ST. CLAIR. T. N. McQUOID, ‘ 52 Appropriations of the General Assembly.

THE BUDGET FOR 1915-16.

The Board of Foreign Missions presented to the General Assembly of 1914, an estimate of $289,798 for current work. This did not include the deficit of $49,381. There was a mark ed falling off in the gifts of the Church from regular sources. These were $13,011 less than in 1914, and $31,383 less than in 1913. The total receipts of the Board from all sources were but $254,962, until there was added the sum of $35,508, the amount raised by special appeal and designated the Foreign Emergency Fund. Including the Foreign Emergency Fund, the receipts for the year were $290,470. The expenditures for the year were $289,286. This was less than the approved estimate, and made possible the reduction of the deficit by $1,184. Since it is not possible to make such a special appeal as the Foreign Emergency Fund every year, it was clearly necessary to cut down the esti mate below what it had been the year before. Therefore, all the estimates were gone over with the greatest care and reduced by $13,983. Thus the estimate presented to the Assembly of 1915 and sanctioned by it is for $275,815.

THE REASON FOR THIS ESTIMATE. It might be supposed that this Estimate had been arrived at through a series of reckless advances in expenditure by the Mis sions, and without due regard to the income of the Board. That such is not the case may be gathered from the following figures: Year Approved Estimate Receipts Expenditures Deficit 1912 231,504 222,343 232,044 66,775 1913 258,187 274,094 246,016 38,697 1914 281,641 263,962 274,646 49,38i 1915 289,798 (254,962*) 289,286 (83,705*) (290,470t) (48,197t) ? 1916 275,815 ? ? *These are the figures had there been no Foreign Emergency Fund. fThese are the figures including Foreign Emergency Fund. From these figures the following facts may be noted: (1) That in all these years save one, the expenditure is within the estimate sanctioned by the Assembly; in the year excepted the ex penditure is but $540 above the estimate. (2) While advance in expenditure was being kept to the lowest reasonable figure, if the Church had continued to make even an average advance in contributions, the deficit would have been largely reduced by this year. But with receipts as shown above, if there had been no For eign Emergency Fund, the deficit would have been $83,705. Appropriations of the General Assembly. 53

THE SOURCES OF RECEIPTS. The following figures show the sources of income for the foreign work: Year Receipts from Congregations, Sabbath Receipts from all Schools and Christian Unions Other Sources 1912 181,678 40,664 1913 240,452 33,641 1914 222,080 41,882 1915 209,069 81,401 (45,893)* ♦This would have been the amount had there been no Foreign Emer gency Fund. (1) From these figures it will be seen that the receipts frcm regular sources have fallen off in the last two years by $31,383.

HOW THE REDUCTION IN THE ESTIMATE IS MADE. The question of how to reduce a budget that for several years had been estimated as a minimum budget was a serious one. The following figures show the items affected by this.reduc tion : 1915 Estimate ...... $289,798 1916 Estimate ...... 275,815

Reduction ...... 13,983 Missionary salaries eliminated ...... $7,650 Property Maintenance reduced ...... 884 Variation in traveling ...... 4,449 Reduction in Administration ...... 1,000

Total Reduction ...... 13,983 (1) From these figures it may be noted that the largest reduction is in the salaries of missionaries. This has been done by making no pro vision in the budget for the filling of the places of missionaries who have retired or died. , (2) It will also be noted that there is a substantial reduction in the administration expenses. This reduction is made at the sacrifice of effi ciency, but it seems to be imperatively necessary.

THE PROVISION FOR THE ESTIMATE. The following figures show what provision is made for the estimate of $275,815 sanctioned by the General Assembly: Estimated from Congregations, Sabbath Schools and Young People’s Societies ...... $204,000 Average Other Income ...... 43,!69 Margin Unprovided ...... 28,646

275,815 Deficit ...... 48,197 324,012 Margin Unprovided ...... 28,646 Deficit ...... 48,X97

Total Unprovided ...... $76,843 54 Appropriations of the General Assembly.

(1) The Assembly ordered that the estimate from the pledges be made at the rate of forty per cent, of $510,000, which is $204,000 from this source. (2) The average income of the Board from all other sources for the past several years has been $43,169. (3) This leaves a margin unprovided for in the estimates for cur rent expenses of $28,646. (4) If to this unprovided margin in current expenses, there be added the amount of the deficit, there is a sum of $76,843 which is not provided for. THE NEW MISSIONARIES5 FUND. Last year the Assembly granted permission to the Board to make an appeal for a fund to send out the new missionaries who were ready to go. The response to this appeal brought in $19,- 347. Owing to health conditions and for other reasons, several of the missionaries have been unable to go to the field; conse quently, there is remaining of this fund, $14,164. The Assembly has provided that the men ready to go this year shall be sent out with this Fund. While the Fund cares for the support of these men for this year, the fact must be borne in mind that next year their support will be added to the regular budget, as this Fund is not a recurring amount. THE BOARD’S CHIEF FINANCIAL CONCERN FOR T H E Y E A R . The chief financial concern of the Board for the year is to secure for current expenses the margin of $28,646 unprovided for. The Assembly has forbidden the presentation of special ap peals through the Church papers or to congregations; therefore, the Board is planning to present the need to individuals. As such an amount is necessary to secure the work against retrenchment, this margin is being designated, “The Non-Retrenchment Fund.” Will not every person to whom this Report comes consider this an individual appeal to contribute to this Fund; and with out waiting for any further urging or presentation, forward to the Treasurer as mucji as he can afford, to save the work from being cut dawn? THE NEXT FINANCIAL CONCERN OF THE BOARD. The next financial concern of the Board is to liquidate the deficit. The word “deficit” is distasteful to United Presbyter ians. It troubles none more than the members of the Board of Foreign Missions. They have been for several years making des perate efforts to liquidate it, but their plans have failed because of the falling off in the contributions of the Church. The Board is proposing to liquidate it before making the advances that are so urgently called for by conditions in the field at present. While the missionaries in the field are calling and planning and praying for advance, it seems that we at home must put forth our utmost energies in planning and praying to obviate the ne cessity for retreat. Annual Report of the Women’s Board. 55

REPORT OF THE FOREIGN DEPART MENT OF THE WOMEN’S BOARD.

“O give thanks unto the Lord, for He is good: for His mercy endureth forever. “Let the redeemed of the Lord say so, whom He hath re deemed from the hand of the enemy; “And gathered them out of the lands, from the east, and from the west, from the north, and from the south.”— Psalm I 0 7 : i - 3 - Only the words of inspiration could fittingly express our gratitude for answered prayers, for Divine guidance and for won derful results during this time of financial depression and distress, because of hideous wars in other countries. The countries in which our Foreign Department is especially interested have been thus far free from any special attacks, although Egypt has often been threatened.

I n d ia . In January, 1915, Miss Emma Minger was called from labor to reward after months of severe suffering. She entered upon her second term of service in 1913. She was stationed at Sangla Hill where she had charge of the hospital cottage— Mary Steven son Memorial— of our Girls’ Boarding School and also the re sponsibility of a dispensary in the town of Sangla Hill which she opened for the benefit of women and children. Her lovely Christian character won friends everywhere she went, not only for herself but also for her Master. Whom shall we send to fill the gap in our ranks? Owing to war conditions, no new missionaries were sent out by the W. G. M. S. last September, but the tired workers on the field were glad to welcome the Misses Jean Morrison and Fannie Martin back to the work which they love so well, in Feb ruary, 1915, after the usual furlough period. Our responsibilities in India at date are as follows: Support of fifty-one women missionaries; Memorial Hos pital, Sialkot; Good Samaritan Hospital, Jhelum; White Memo rial Hospital, Pasrur; Dispensaries at Sialkot, Jhelum, Khala, Bhera and Pasrur; Girls’ Boarding School, Sialkot; Girls’ Day School, Sialkot; Dispensary at Pathankot; Girls’ Boarding and Day School, Sangla Hill; Home for Dispensary Workers, Bhera; Home for Lady Missionaries at Sialkot, Lyallpur and Sangla Hill; Elizabeth Gordon Home, Sialkot. 56 Annual Report of the Women’s Board.

The Girls’ Boarding and Day School of Sangla Hill is now completed. Eighty-seven girls have been enrolled this year. Gov ernment inspector’s report commends the school plant and also work done by teachers and pupils very highly. The Women’s Board decided to cooperate with the India Equipment Committee in its effort to raise one hundred thousand dollars. As said Board is now contributing about one-third of the amount annually expended by the India Mission, it was decid ed that about one-third of the sum needed could legitimately be given by the women of the Church with the understanding that all such gifts are to be over and above the usual missionary contri butions. Otherwise our general work would be crippled. By an understanding with the Foreign Board, India Equipment Commit tee, and the Women’s Board, all undesignated money sent to this fund is to be divided by giving the Foreign Board two-thirds and the Women’s Board one-third of the amount. All designated money is to go to the Board which has the responsibility of the in stitution or purpose designated.

E g y p t . Quite a party of missionaries were ready to leave this coun try for Egypt last September. Sailing was delayed because of the requests of the Ministerial Association of Pittsburgh and many other friends that the going out of the missionaries be postpon ed. In January, however, the way seemed clear and Miss Carrie Buchanan, Miss Marion Paden and Miss Davida Finney accom panied the married missionary party and sailed for Egypt, reach ing their destination in safety, Miss Davida Finney being our only new missionary of the party. Our .responsibilities in Egypt are the entire support of thirty- six women missionaries, Martha McKown Hospital, Tanta ; Dis pensaries at Tanta and Benha ; Girls’ Boarding and Day Schools at Alexandria, Luxor and Tanta ; Day Schools for Girls at Kar- mous, Kafir el Ashri, Beni Suef, Faiyum, Monsurah and Zakazik ; and Mary Herron Rest Home, Ramleh. The society of the First Church, Allegheny, Pa., has paid the entire sum needed for this much longed-for summer home and has given it the above named title in honor of its first recording secretary and intends to sup port it. Because of war conditions and increased cost of materials, the Missionary Association in Egypt has delayed the erection of the Tanta Boarding and Day Schools for Girls. At a recent meeting of the Association a committee was appointed to again revise the plans with a view to commencing work as earlv in the year as possible. The work on the buildings for Tanta Hos- nital was suspended in August on account of war conditions and lack of funds. Notwithstanding all this Dr. Grant, physician in charge, has sent us a wonderful report of work done under the Annual Report of the Women’s Board. 57 most difficult circumstances. We are earnestly praying that the Master will send us the much needed funds this summer. Miss Lois McCracken, Miss Mabel Dickey and Miss Roe O. Williams were all ordered to America by the Mission on account of ill health. After six months sojourn in the home land, Miss McCracken decided to offer her resignation, which was accepted by the Board, deeply regretting vthat the climate and the work seemed to be too much for Miss McCracken’s physical endurance. Miss Williams and Miss Dickey are improving and. we hope will soon be ready to return.

S u d a n . Our responsibilities in the Sudan are limited to the city of Khartum North, where we own and maintain a Boarding and Day School for Girls, and Wady Haifa, where we support a Day School for girls in a rented building. Our workers all reside in the school building at Khartum North— Miss Fannie Bradford, Miss Aulora McIntyre, Miss Elsie Grove and Miss Isabella Dight. The last named is a new worker who went out in January, 1915. Miss McIntyre left her post July, 1913. She sailed for Amer ica, arriving in New York April, 1914. We are glad to say she reports that she is improving and hopes to be able to return soon. About 60 boarders have been cared for and 80 day pupils during the year. We regret that we are unable to enlarge the work in this needy field, but at the present time it seems as if finances would not permit the support of more than four young mis sionaries and five Syrian teachers for the management of the school at Khartum and two Svrian teachers for the school at Wadv H aifa. We are very happy to report this year that our Board has elected the following named young women to go to represent the Church and the Master in foreign lands: Miss Martha Florence Strong, Miss Helen Jeanette Martin, Miss Mabel Stewart, Miss Alice G. Burnham and Dr. Anna M. Jack to go to India. Miss Elizabeth Robertson and Miss Edna Jean GifTen to go to Egypt, and Miss Isabella Dight to go to the Sudan. All these elections were confirmed by the Board of Foreign Missions. If God will these young women expect to sail in September, 1915. We continue to be under obligations to the members of the Medical Board for their faithful service to the Master in giving their valuable time to the examination of all these young women with a view to their physical condition in Oriental countries. The names of the Board are Drs. J. P. McKelvey, J. E. Rigg and Caroline Marshall. Miss Mary Kerr, of Cairo, Egypt, left our service to enter the service of the Board of Foreign Missions because of her mar riage to the Rev. W. R. Coventry, also a missionary to Egypt. 58 Annual Report of the Women’s Board.

Our prayers ascend for this new Christian home in the dark city o f Tanta. With a deep sense of our own unworthiness and inability to perform the great work to which the women of the Church have been called, we offer thanks to our Heavenly Father for the re sults of the year just closed. Wlien we began work in 1883 one of the objects set before us was that God would enable us to report a cash balance in the treasury and all obligations met at the close of every year. By the blessing of the Master this desired result has been accomplished. For thirty-two years we have re ported all bills paid and a small balance in the treasury.

F inancial Report for Year Ending April 15, 1915. Foreign Salaries. Credit balance April 15, 1914 ...... $11,299.12 Receipts for year ending April 15, 1 9 1 5 ...... 41,663.28

Total ...... $52,962.40 Disbursements for year ending April 15, 1915 ...... $43,494.44 Credit balance year ending April 15, 1915 ...... 9^67.96 Foreign Missions— General. Credit balance April 15, 1914 ...... $2,604.00 Receipts for year ending April 15, 1915 ...... 53,881.57

TN. J otal ...... $56,485.57 Disbursements April 15, 1915 ...... $53,607.93 Credit balance April 15, 1915 ...... 2,877.64 Estimates for year beginning June 1, 1915: For India, about ...... $42,000.00 For Egypt ...... 36,174.00 For Sudan ...... 8,397.00 These estimates do not include any expense connected with the missionaries who will sail next autumn. Praying that God will enable us through faith in His Son to undertake and accomplish enlarged work during the year upon which we have just entered, this report is submitted. Action on Women’s Board. 59

REPORT OF ASSEMBLY’S COMMITTEE ON THE WOMEN’S BOARD.

There came into our hands but the one paper,*—the Report of the Women’s Board. It seems to us that the work of the Women’s Board is one in which we can justly boast. The report which was placed in our hands is full of interesting data. It shows their devotion to God, their faith in Him, and as a result of these they proceed to a great task with the love born in them by their communion with Christ the Head of the Church. Their report is marked with business ability, wisdom, and love for the cause of Christian work and gives evidence of marked success. Your Committee is more than pleased with the manner in which the different departments of their work have been handled. In the work of temperance, in which “Upward and Onward” is their motto, they have 63 presbyterial and 343 local secretaries. Last year they published one thousand Year Books; this year, 1500. Last year 816 pack ages of literature were distributed as against 696 this year,— the only place we noticed in this report of a falling off in their work. In their report they declare themselves in loyalty to their own chil dren, their Church, and their God. The Foreign work of this Board carries a heavy responsibility. Miss Emma Minger has died. She was stationed at Sangla Hill. She had charge of the Hospital Cottage, the Mary Stevenson Memorial, also a dispensary, and owing to war conditions no new missionaries have been sent out. We are sorry for this and join with a multitude of others in praying for the reign of peace. Some sailed to Egypt after a delay of several months. The Sudan also has laid its burden of responsibility upon these women and they are faithfully carrying it. They carry the whole Indian work of our denomination. We regret very much to note the danger of the designs upon our Warm Springs Indian Mission on the part of the Roman Catholic Church. Either in the spirit of Christian indignation or of Christian pity we ought to raise our voice against such unkind aggression. We note with pleasure the maintenance of the long-standing record in closing the year with all outstanding indebtedness paid and a “snug bal ance” in the Treasury. We note with pleasure that an extension of time for the payment of parsonage loans has been made by the Board, thus making it easier for congregations and pastors to pay their loans. We rejoice in the constant zeal and increasing interest shown in the Thank-Offering Department of the Board, calling attention especially to the increased contributions through this channel thus enabling expan sion in every department of the work of the Board. We are glad to note that during the past year, through the contribu tions of the department of Ministerial Relief comfort and cheer have come into the lives and homes of many in affliction and need, $2,073.40 being thus distributed, or nearly $300 more than in the previous year. Since the Eastern World is involved in war we note with sadness that the missionary work by them is hindered. It seems to us that a double responsibility rests upon our country and our Church. Let each de partment of our work take its share of this responsibility. 60 Action on Women’s Board.

We congratulate tKe Women’s Board on their splendid work so well done. We urge the Church therefore to help those women who labored with us in the gospel in their labor of self-sacrifice for the Master in every way possible. 1. We recommend that in view of the designing encroachments of the Roman Catholic Church upon our Warm Springs Mission, and in order to have our interests safe-guarded by the Indian Commissioner, the Hon orable Cato Sells, we request the Women’s Board to cooperate with our Board of Home Missions in bringing this matter to the attention of Hon orable H. K. Carroll, representative of the Home Missions Council and of the Federal Council at Washington, D. C. 2. That pastors be urged to push much more vigorously the work of the Young People’s Societies in an effort to interest all the daughters of the Church in their department of the Women’s work. 3. That pastors make a large use of the excellent “Prayer Cycle” is sued by this Board, as well as endeavor to have every Senior and Junior Society use the Missionary Study books designated this year for the sur vey of the missionary efforts in the world field. J. H. T. GORDON, I. M cG A Y K N IP E , C. F. CR O O K S, WM. COPELAND, H. E. WOODS. JERUSALEM I Jieutli Ruhld /'DamiettjtógL, V

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M A P O F 'A sw a n + 1st C afar act \'{Syene) Siket Jebcll or Sikmat \iterentce) J Ras Benass Engraved from latest information and surveys to illustrate Kalabshee Tropic of Cancer THE HISTORY OF T H E AMERICAN MISSION IN EGYPT.

Published by the United Presbyterian Board of Publication.

Population, nearly 1 0,000,000

Towns marked thus t, mission stations Abu Simbel

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29 31 Longitude JUist 33 from Greenwich 35 £ P.Piak, Engr., N Y. THE

60th Annual Report

O F T H E

American United Presbyterian Mission

EGYPT

FOR THE YEAR 1914 A B e d o u i n a t P r a y k r i n t h k D e s e r t . Egypt— I ntroduction. 63

INTRODUCTION.

BY T H E REV. JA M E S G. H U N T , D.D.

As one goes through this year’s Report, he is ever conscious of the black cloud of war. As a matter of fact, the war was in progress for only five months of the year. But it seems like ages. Men have grown old in these months. Egypt is within the war zone. At the outset of the war, she declared her neutrality. But when Great Britain entered the conflict a few days later, this country, because of the British occu pation, was also declared to be in a state of war. While there was never any likelihood of an attack from Brit ain’s enemies in Europe, there was danger that malcontents within the country might seize the opportunity to make trouble. In the first weeks, there were frequent whisperings of possible upris ings. There was the more danger of this if Turkey entered the lists against the Allies. Yet when this did finally occur the au thorities had everything so thoroughly in hand that Turkey’s rash plunge, the proclamation of martial law, the establishment of a British Protectorate, the dethroning of the Khedive, and the ac cession of the new Sultan— events which followed one another in rapid succession— seemed hardly to make a ripple on the sur face of Egyptian life. No doubt the fires of resentment smould ered in the breasts of certain portions of the population, but they never broke forth into flame. To watch the people on the streets one would never suspect that events were taking place which vitally affected the future of the country. Even the attempted in vasion by the Turks, and the sharp battle between them and Egypt’s defenders' on the Canal a few miles away did not seri ously ruffle the country’s calm. Too much cannot be said in praise of the clear foresightedness and calm dignity with which England’s representatives controlled the situation. To hold Egypt was vital to her interests. And nothing that was essential to this end seemed to escape notice. All the troops needed were on hand; all military preparations complete; all dangerous and suspected characters safely deported; and events moved forward with the silence and precision of clockwork. 64 Egypt— Introduction.

Such times could not but have their effect upon mission work. First, there was the distraction of world-stirring events. Then there was the obloquy to be borne, and there were the disconcert ing questions to be met from the fact that great Christian and Protestant nations were engaged in bitter, terrible conflict. As everywhere else, financial conditions were upset; Egypt’s chief crop, cotton, had no market; commerce with enemy countries was forbidden; many of the wealthy were without money, and many of the poor without work. All this was calculated to create deep discontent and seriously interrupt undertakings of every sort. To crown all, the religious element entered, and that in most poignant form. When Egypt, a Moslem country, because of her relation to Great Britain, found herself at war with Tur key, the political head of the Moslem world, there existed all the elements needed to produce a revolution and cause a cessation of all mission work. Yet with deep gratitude we record the fact that our work has suffered far less injury or inconvenience than might have been expected. The people have shown no less eagerness for a spir itual message. There has seldom been less distraction from the spiritual aim of our Annual Prayer Conference than this year, though we were surrounded by army camps. While evangelistic effort among the masses was subject to certain restrictions and official oversight, none of the usual efforts in this line had to be abandoned; and frequently the so-called restrictions but served to augment the throng of hearers. The continued friendliness of the Moslem population, at least outwardly, has been remarkable. And despite anxiety caused by the financial stringency, only in a few instances as yet has it seriously affected the schools, the churches, or other departments of the work. Perhaps no inconvenience resulting from war conditions was more keenly felt than the delay in the return of our fellow-work ers from the home land. Only Prof. C. P. Russell and his family. Miss E. Dorcas Teas and Mr. and Mrs. McFeeters (teachers in Assiut College) arrived before the end of the year. The follow ing, however, returned from their furloughs soon after: Dr. J. Kruideniei and family, the Rev. A. A. Thompson and Mr. C. S. Bell and their families, Dr. and Mrs. Andrew Watson and the Misses C. M. Buchanan, Minnehaha Finney, M. A. Paden and Carol E. McMillan. The Rev. and Mrs. S. G. Hart, who had gone to America for the summer, returned at the same time. The Egypt— Introduction. 65

Rev. E. E. Elder and Mrs. Elder and Miss Davida Finney were welcomed as new recruits. For a time, concern was felt for those who had gone to Eu rope for the summer. But while encountering in some cases con siderable difficulty and delay, all returned eventually in safety to their work, with the exception of the Misses Mueller and Erick son (teachers in the Girls’ College, Cairo), who it was thought, should go to America instead. During the year, Mr. F. S. Hoyman and family went to America for their regular furlough. Dr. and Mrs. Watson and Mr. and Mrs. Bell and family did the same, but took only a brief furlough, and, as stated above, have already returned to the field. It was with special pleasure that Dr. and Mrs. Watson were wel comed back to begin another term, after having served already for more than fifty-three years. We were sorry to lose from the work, Miss Eula McClenahan, who, after six years in Egypt, re turned to the home land to become the wife of the Rev. C. II. Bell, of Morgantown, West Virginia. The Misses Lois A. McCracken, Mabel B. Dickey and Roe O. Williams and also Miss Clara L. Taylor (teacher in the Pressly Memorial Institute, Assiut,) were compelled to return to America because of impaired health. Dr. L. M. Henry went to America to undergo a serious operation, and Dr. D. L. Askren (connected with our work in the Faiyum) for a similar reason. We rejoice that both have returned greatly improved in health. This Report should not go out without a reference to the Rev. Thomas McCague, D.D., the pioneer of our Mission in Egypt, whose death occurred at his home in America on June 7th, 1914. Though compelled for reasons of health to withdraw many years ago from the scene of his early labors, he never ceased to retain a warm interest in Egypt, where his name is still revered as that of a godly, faithful servant of the Master. He came to Egypt when his coming meant the facing of the unknown, and he had to brave dangers and face trials and problems to which the present-day missionaries are strangers. It was given him to open the work in some of the places which have now become important mission centers. He had no small share in laying the foundations on which all the subsequent work has been built. And who may tell how much his appeals and prayers have done to further the work since he left it? With the whole Church, we say, “Servant of the Lord, well done.” 66 Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church.

THE NATIVE EVANGELICAL CHURCH.

BY THE REV. H. E. PHILIPS, PH.D.

In the compilation of this report the writer sent to all the pastors a list of fifty questions, covering the life and activities of the Church; also a shorter list to several laymen known to have the interests of the kingdom at heart, asking them their opinion as to the spiritual condition of the Church, and for suggestions as to remedies for existing evils. The response to these questions has been hearty, and if we attempted to give any considerable portion of the answers, our report would soon be beyond bounds. Some of the answers give great hope, and lead us to-believe that we have in the Egyptian Church an instrument that under the guidance of God is capable of speedily evangelizing Egypt. Others reveal shortcomings in the Church which, if not remedied, will be her ruin. The writer has studiously avoided covering faults and mag nifying virtues so that the report might read well. In our let ter to the pastors, we gave as our reason for some of the very direct, almost personal, questions, that we wanted to draw a true picture for those in the home land who have made possible, and are still materially assisting the Church in Egypt. As to organization, equipment and methods, we have in the Evangelical* Church a splendid machine, almost unlimited in its possibilities for service but there is a fearful lack of spiritual dynamic. SABBATH SCHOOLS.

There is no part of the report given by the church leaders that is more encouraging for the future than that which tells of the faithful work that is being done in the Sabbath schools of the land. The Sabbath school is the hope of the Church, and there is reason to believe that the Church in Egypt is awakening to a sense of the importance of this agency.

THE PUPILS. One interesting feature of the figures received from the pastors is the large proportion of the church members that attend

* The terms “Evangelical” and “Protestant” are applied to the Church to distinguish it from the Coptic or nominally Christian Church of Egypt. Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church. 6 7

the Sabbath school. As I write, my eye falls on the report from Mishta. The membership is eighty-six; the number of mem bers in the Sabbath school is seventy; the total in the Sabbath school is one hundred and six; men forty-six, women twenty-five, boys twenty-five, girls ten. The report from Benha also is in teresting on this point. The membership in the church is fifty-six; the number of members in the Sabbath school is fifty-six; the total in the Sabbath school is ninety-three; men thirteen, women twelve, one hundred per cent, of the membership in the Sabbath school, while many report nearly all; in most cases the proportion is higher than we ordinarily find in the home church. Another en couraging feature of this branch of the work is that in many in stances all the additions to the church membership during the year came through the medium of the Sabbath school. One con gregation reports twelve, another fourteen, and another eighteen, as coming into their communion through this training school of the Church.

THE TEACHING STAFF.

In former times the teaching staff of the Sabbath school had to be drawn almost entirely from the teachers of the day schools. And then, as is sometimes now the case, they performed the duty of teaching in the Sabbath school simply because it was a part of the assigned work, which was thrust upon them, and not from a real desire for service. There is a considerable change taking place in this respect. An elder of the church is usually found at the head of a class wherever there is a church organization. In some of the schools men who are just ordinary laymen are found taking their place as teachers. In Assuan, we noticed one young man who is a railway employe, and who during the past year came into the communion of the church, taking charge of a class of boys from ten to fourteen years of age.

SABBATH SCHOOL LITERATURE.

The printed page is doing its beneficial service in the Sabbath school, as well as in other branches of our work. Each week twelve hundred copies of the Negm El Meshrik (Star of the East), edited in Alexandria, go out to the children of the schools all over Egypt. The lesson leaflets containing the Scripture lesson for the day, together with brief explanations and commentary on the text, are published at Cairo. Dr. John Giffen writes, “At the beginning of 1914 we were sending out 12,500 copies of the Sab bath school leaflets to help teachers and pupils prepare the lesson each week. At present 14,000 copies are going out. They go to two hundred and forty-four different addresses. This indicates that the lessons are being studied in that number of centers or perhaps more. The number for each school ranges from five to eight hundred weekly, the latter number being received by Assiut 68 Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church.

College. A few Coptic schools receive the papers. The Butros Pasha Benevolent School in Cairo receives one hundred and fifty. We send to all schools applying for them without asking whether they are Coptic or Protestant. However, I think that Coptic schools receiving them are invariably taught by Protestant teachers.” Who can measure the evangelizing power of these papers? We certainly have much reason for rejoicing when we consider the large number of Coptic and Mohammedan pupils in our schools and remember that these papers are carried to their homes and are read by many who do not come to our churches or Sabbath schools. If space permitted, many stories could be given to show that this branch of the work is accomplishing much for the enlightenment of darkened lives and homes that could not possibly be reached by other methods of evangelism.

A FORWARD STEP.

The Mission has for years been looking forward to the time when some one could be found to give his whole time to the development of Sabbath school work. The wish is now being ful filled in the coming of the Rev. Stephen Van-R. Trowbridge who has been appointed as General Secretary of the World’s Sunday school Association for Egypt and North Africa. Mr. Trowbridge comes to us an experienced worker and specially trained for the position. Under his guidance we look for new life and increased efficiency in the schools throughout the Church. He writes that he is planning: (i) The production in Arabic of such books as will be useful in teacher training, win ning of Moslem children to Christ, etc. (2) The holding of conferences and local institutes for the training and inspiration of officers and teachers. (3) Enlisting the cooperation of pas tors and missionaries in extending the Sunday school work to unoccupied parts of the field. (4) Inviting students in the Col lege and Seminary to prepare themselves especially for this as a life work. (5) The use of the stereopticon with views of the life of Christ, for attracting and teaching children unable to read. We trust that under Mr. Trowbridge’s guidance, through Sabbath school rallies, special children’s services, and teacher training, the little ones of our Church majr be given their rightful place, and that the pastors and teachers of the Sabbath school may be led to reach the masses of Moslems throughout Egypt. YOUNG PEOPLES’ SOCIETIES. ‘‘Christian Endeavor” in Egypt is a rather indefinite term. The societies reporting cover a very wide range as to variejy, be ing composed sometimes of children in our evangelical schools corresponding to the Junior Societies in the home Church, some times of young men, sometimes of all the men in the congrega Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church.

tion, and sometimes of women. However, notwithstanding our inability to classify this branch of the Church’s work, we must recognize in it a force that is beginning to render efficient ser vice, and is destined to tell more and more as an evangelizing and missionary agency. In almost every place where a Chris tian Endeavor Society is reported, there is some effort at lay preaching. The original thought in the mind of the founder of the Chris tian Endeavor Society was training for service. We find that with very little training indeed the Endeavorers in Egypt are rendering a large service, either in their own town, or in from one to five churchless villages, and in some cases many more. The College at Assiut heads the list with eighteen preaching places, and Luxor follows with twelve. Perhaps a glance at the work of these Christian Endeavor preachers may be of interest. As I write I have before me the report of the Evangelistic Committee of the Luxor Society. Nine places are reported as having regular preaching on Sabbath morning and three others as having been visited once during the month, besides two cottage prayer meetings each week under the auspices of the society. The first place on the list is Agalta, a little town of farmers and very simple folk. The preacher was a carpenter, not famed for worldly wisdom, but a man keenly alive to his responsibility for the unsaved. The number present was twenty-five men, besides some women and children not counted. He gave them a simple, but direct, Gospel message. Of the twen ty-five men, twelve were Moslems. The next Sabbath in the same place the preacher was the head master of the Luxor School. He is a graduate of Assiut College and has shown a com mendable zeal in getting a hearing from the Moslems. The num ber reported present was fifty-three, of whom eighteen were Moslem men. These village Moslems are unsophisticated, not versed in controversial literature, and therefore more responsive and more open-minded to hear the Word of the Lord than the semi-enlightened men of the city, or the sheikhs who are steeped in the Koran and the traditions. In the above-mentioned report, eighteen is an unusually large number of Moslems to be found at one service, but the presence of some Moslems is reported each week in five or six of the places visited. It is difficult to ascertain how extensive is the influence of these Christian Endeavor meetings on the Coptic community. In the Mission centers at least it is considerable. Many young men attracted at first by the opportunity to enter the missionary’s home and get a better knowledge of English or of foreign ways, come to the meetings and become deeply interested in the Bible studies from week to week. A wealthy young vCopt, who had heard something of the Christian Endeavor Society, asked if he might attend one of the meetings. On being assured that he would be welcome, he came one night and the impression made is best por- /O Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church.

trayed in his own words. He wrote to the missionary a few days afterwards, saying, “Allow me to tell you how glad I am to know that you have such a society as the ‘Christian Endeavor Society.’ How much we all appreciate the efforts of its members. . . . What a good thing for those courageous fellows to preach in the little villages. Well, I do not think there is any harm for them, but it would be better if they go always to the Christian houses and let the Christian inhabitants invite their Moslem friends, so the things can go easily without any trouble, especially in these days. “I think there is another way to help spread Christianity among our Moslem friends; that is, to leave them Christian books as a present, as some of them dare not come to a Christian meeting directly. After reading the Christian books and finding in them consolation, they will be curious to come from their own desire and hear the preacher. As our Coptic community profited from your missionaries and schools, we should like to see that our other compatriots (the Moslems) have their share of it, too. You will have much more merit if you can do something for them. “I did enjoy the ideas of the members last Tuesday night, and should be delighted to come to your meetings every time I can, and would be pleased if I can be useful to your society in any way. With kind regards, yours sincerely,------.” As an evidence of this man’s interest, he went with the head master of our school the following day and purchased fifteen Bibles and ten New Testaments, and stipulated that they should be given to village Moslems when the preachers could do so gracefully. To the mind of the writer, this letter is a sufficient report in itself. It reveals the condition of the villages and their open ness to the Gospel. It shows how some of our Endeavorers are trying to do their part in the evangelization of their land. It gives the impression that is made on a visitor who dropped in unexpectedly at one of the weekly meetings. Much more might be said here as to the influence of the Society on the Coptic com munity, but we will give a paragraph to this in the report on the Church proper. THE CHURCH.

The Synod of the Nile covers all of Egypt and the Sudan, and is composed of five Presbyteries, the Delta, Middle Egypt, Assiut, Thebes, and the Sudan. The number of pastorates is seventy-eight, the number of preachers under appointment of Synod other than pastors forty-six, the number of lay evangelists six, the number of self-supporting congregations twenty-seven. Fourteen-fifteenths of this Church lies between Cairo and Assuan. Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church. 71

Fifty-six years ago in the Mission residence at Cairo, a little group of four men were gathered with the missionaries to observe the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper. It was a small be ginning, and it was after five years of missionary service in Egypt that this branch of the visible Church made its appearance. At the present there are in Egypt 12,412 who are in the commun ion of the Evangelical Church, and there is a Protestant com munity estimated at 33,000.

THE SPIRITUAL LEADERS.

As we glance back over the history of the Evangelical Church from the beginning, we cannot but see that the -fathers built wisely and upon a sure foundation. In reviewing the history of the Church for the year past, we find that her members are not perfect and that there is much to be desired in them; and yet when we consider the depths from which many of them have come, and compare the life of our own Church with that of the Coptic Church, or our pastors with the Coptic priesthood, we see that as a class they stand head and shoulders above them, intel lectually, spiritually, and indeed, in every respect. Our pastors are fine characters. They are, with two or three exceptions, all college men. They have had the added training of our Theo logical Seminary. Perhaps as to the great fundamentals, they are as orthodox as any like body in all Christendom. This is true also of the membership. The average evangelical Christian in Egypt can give a good account of himself when questioned as to the faith that is in him. Intellectually, doctrinally, and logically, he can hold his own against his fellows; but it is a rare thing to find one who knows how to present the claims of Jesus Christ to a lost sinner, clearly and persuasively, and lead him to cry out for mercy. The Church needs to be stirred. Her emotions are dormant. Clear thinking on the great fundamentals is all-important so long as it does not crowd out the love for Christ and prevent the disciple from en tering sympathetically into the fuller meaning of His passion and His resurrection life. The Church is fearfully unprovided for in the out-stations where there are no pastors. An Evangelist* is appointed to a town or group of towns and left for three or four or perhaps six months and then is transferred that he may minister to another needy station; while his former charge, where he has just made a good start, is left vacant for as long a period as it was occupied. By these places being vacant so much of the time, not only does the flock go hungry, but the Church suffers in prestige and loses thereby a golden opportunity. In Kon Ombo, where the town

* This term is applied in the Egyptian Church to unordained preach ers, who are usually licentiates. 72 Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church.

and surrounding country are owned and controlled by a large agricultural company, "our missionary some years ago secured a meeting place and a house for the evangelist free of rent. So long as there was a preacher on the field, all went well. When the missionary visited the place a little over a year ago, there was a splendid meeting and every evidence of good feeling on the part of the community. The place was left vacant for about six months. During that time a Coptic priest came to the town, and began holding meetings in our place of worship. No one objected, and many of the Coptic community were glad. But when our new evangelist went to the town, he found the priest had moved into his ho.use, and naturally there was trouble. A compromise was effected, but in the transaction we lost the good will of many who formerly were very friendly to us. In such places lay evangelists such as we are now seeking to train could perform a very important service. In many of the smaller charges, the people would prefer the ministry of a layman throughout the year to the intermittent appointment of Seminary graduates. Often the call for leaders is loud and insistent, but as in all the history of the Church, the laborers are too few for the harvest. “Pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest that He send forth laborers into His harvest.” The small congregations, where there are no pastors, suffer in another very important particular. The evangelists, although they are Seminary graduates, are not ordained, and so cannot con duct communion or baptize children. In at least three places vis ited recently, though these may be exceptional, the writer found little groups of Christians who had not had the privilege of sit ting at the Lord’s table for over two years. While we are wait ing for more laborers, it is hoped that a better distribution of the present force may remedy some of these defects.

THE EVANGELISTIC SPIRIT. One grace we need to pray for in our Egyptian brethren is that of courage. There has been and is still much reason for fear in the hearts of these people. And we need not wonder at their timidity when we remember that in every century since our Lord was on earth, Egypt’s soil has been stained by the blood of those who have called themselves by His name, and who have dared to maintain that calling in the face of death. It is a com mon thing in times of political disturbance to hear that the Mos lems have said to the Christians, “After so many days we will cut off your heads.” It is true that not many of our present generation have resisted unto blood, but some have been called upon to lay down their lives for His sake. Within the past month, near the town of Balias, a Coptic Church was attacked by a band of Moslems while the congregation was engaged in prayer. Four shots were fired in at the door, one taking effect in the body of a boy about twelve years of age. We visited the Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church. 73 town afterwards and called on the bereft father. Words can not portray the fear that was in the hearts of the people of thui town. It was with difficulty they were persuaded to come to our meeting because it was after dark. Nevertheless, there is an awakening consciousness on the part of the Evangelical Church with regard to her mission to the Moslems. It is not a decided movement as yet, but we can see the cloud larger than a man’s hand and feel the droppings of the rain. A few years ago many of the pastors openly declared that they had no faith in work for Moslems. We now find a different attitude. Many of them are ready to do personal work among them, and frequently we hear them bearing up to the throne of grace “our brethren the Moslems.” When, during the past year, a Moslem convert was received into the communion of the Luxor Church, the pastor took occasion to speak to the congregation of their special duty toward this son of Ishmael. Dr. Finney writes of the pastor at Alexandria, “One of the best items for praise is that pastor Makhiel has become so interested in soul-winning, that he has taken five of the missionary’s former Moslem pupils, who, with two the pastor got in himself, form a class for further study and baptism. Four of these men are progressing beauti fully. Praise God, and pray for the pastor in this definite work.” And there is one remarkable instance of a pastor, on the invita tion of a liberal sheikh, actually preaching several times in a mosque in connection with the noon-day prayers on Friday. The pastors, however, meet many real difficulties in their efforts to evangelize the Moslems. The Moslems feel that they would not be welcome, and although they may be willing, even anxious, to hear, they often will not go to our public places of worship. It will help to overcome this difficulty when we get more of the laymen engaged in village preaching. The Moslems will lis ten more readily to a man who talks to them as a man than to a preacher, whom they consider a propagandist of the Christian faith. We have a lay evangelist at Edfu who has a circuit cov ering twelve villages, and in almost every meeting he reports some Moslems. We asked the evangelist at Koos for a report of his work for the year. He said that he could not give the num ber of visits— he is constantly on the go— but he reported thirty- eight villages visited during the year, with an average hearing of forty-three for each visit. Only four nights ago I witnessed an inspiring sight. It was that of this same evangelist delivering a message that was one hundred per cent. Gospel to a crowd of eighty-three Moslems, gathered in a meeting room in a Chris tian man’s house. Multitudes of the Moslems are willing to give a respectful hearing to the Gospel, if it is taken to them and de livered in the spirit of brotherly love. It, therefore, behooves us to go out into the highways and hedges and compel them to come in, and to do all in our power to encourage our pastors in this great work. 74 Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church.

THE CHURCH AND THE COPTIC COMMUNITY.

As from the beginning, so now, the results of the efforts to evangelize Egypt are seen more easily among the Copts than among the Moslems. One cannot measure this influence. The results of the years of sowing sometimes manifest themselves in the most unexpected places. Just recently the writer was preach ing in a Coptic church and had dwelt especially on the fact that salvation is of grace, not of works. After the sermon, a young man of the town rose to speak, and in doing so he put his im primatur on all that had been said, closing with the statement, “Brethren, we must not forget that our salvation is a gift from God.” At another place, where Copts and Protestants were being entertained at the table of a Coptic Bey, the host began discussing the difference between them. He took up the question of the mass. When pressed as to his own thought about transub- stantiation, he said a man was a stupid fool who said that the bread and wine are turned into the actual body and blood of our Lord, but that it is by faith we receive it, just as if it were His body and blood. This increasing enlightenment is a thing in which we all re joice and for which we should be devoutly thankful. It is the result of years of faithful teaching in the Protestant Church. A few years ago all the priests conducted their whole service in the dead Coptic language. In the less enlightened centers they do so still. . But within recent years a revolution has been quietly going on. Many of the laymen of the church, having been educated at mission schools, or perhaps in Europe, and having come in con tact with a type of Christianity purer than their own, have de manded a change in their own Church. Consequently, in many places one now hears the priest conducting almost the entire service in Arabic, and when a portion is read or sung in Coptic, it is repeated in Arabic by a layman. Then in some of the churches, in imitation of our methods, . there are evangelists brought in by the laymen, in spite of the priesthood, who conduct meetings for men and women much after our own method. We all rejoice in this. “The entrance of thy Word giveth light.” We believe that “the Word of God is quick and powerful,” and that while the preaching of the Word may be very simple, and might not meet the standards of a good sermon- izer, yet it will not return void, but will accomplish that where- unto it was sent. Aside from these changes in the forms of worship in the Coptic Church, we find a number of charitable and mutual bene fit societies springing up throughout the land. Our attention has been called especially to those of Assuan, Luxor and Suhag. In Assuan the aim seems to be religious. In Suhag it is partly chari table and partly literary. In Luxor it is more philanthropic. One per cent, of each member’s salary is pledged for their be- Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church. 75 nevolences. In all these places the Protestant young men have a prominent place, the secretary of the society in Luxor being one of our communicants. We are glad for all this progress and yet, while rejoicing in it, if we weigh carefully the significance of these changes, we will find that we face in this new attitude of the Copts a real diffi culty for our workers, if not a real danger to our Church. The accessions from the Coptic Church have grown less in proportion to the enlightenment of the Coptic community. The danger to the present-day Copt is, that finding a degree of satisfaction in the progress made, he may be willing to let good enough alone, and fail to press on to the best, and so may miss the great essen tial to eternal life and fall short of the Kingdom. As to the Coptic Church itself, while there are noteworthy exceptions, the system as a whole remains what it has been for centuries, bound by forms and opposed to progress. The danger to our own peo ple is, that seeing signs of growth in the old mother Church, they may fail to emphasize the distinction between good works and a saving faith followed by good works. “There is no differ ence,” is often heard from Copts and sometimes from Protest ants while discussing the relation of the two Churches.

PERILS OF THE CHURCH. However real this danger may be, there is one within the Church, which, while not peculiar to Egypt, is greater than any peril from without. The pastors were asked to name the most prevailing sin in the Church, and what can be done to remedy it. One of the Cairo pastors answered, “D rinkingseveral answered “Negligence of Bible study and prayer;” two or three “Sabbath breaking,” but the commonest, indeed the almost unanimous answer was, “Love of the world.” And in this it is altogether likely that they have laid the finger on the greatest weakness of our Evangelical Church. As compared with the masses of Egypt, our Church may be said to be rich in this world’s goods. Not many of her communicants would be called extremely poor, as poverty goes in this country. Money begets self-sufficiency and lack of dependence upon God, and as the great apostle taught the early Church, “The love of money is the root of all kinds of evil, which some reaching after have been led astray from the faith, and have pierced themselves through with many sorrows.” Shall we not go to the Throne of Grace in earnest intercession on behalf of the Egyptian Church, asking that she be delivered from this love of the world? We who are set as her guide and as watch men upon the walls must warn her and counsel her to buy of the King and Head of the Church “gold tried in the fire...... and white raiment,” and urge her to lend a listening ear to what the Spirit saith to the Churches, that her members may be over comers, and may sit with Him in His throne when He cometh in His Kingdom. 76 Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church.

There are other weaknesses in the Church brought out by our questions which for lack of space may only be mentioned in our-report as a guide to us in our intercession for her. One is an inclination on the part of many pastors to keep all matters pertaining to finance in their own hands instead of delegating them to the officers of the Church. Another is the fewness of her elders. Sometimes the reason is obvious; there is no elder material in the congregation. But sometimes the pastors show too little desire to have elders. Another is that few of the elders are found in the meetings of Presbytery and Synod. Another is the loose methods of the Church in receiving and dismissing members. Communicants move about from place to place with out taking with them their church certificates. The result is a loss to the church rolls, and a greater loss to these members themselves. However, a committee of Synod has this important matter in hand at present. Then, too, many of the congregations have not yet learned to give their women their rightful place and share in the church life. Centuries of contact with Islam have resulted in forcing upon the Christians of the land the yoke of bondage in the se clusion of their women. We cannot blame the Christians for this, and since they have adopted this custom, albeit by force, not one who knows the conditions of the land would advise the too sudden casting aside of the curtain or veil The corrupt social conditions of the country would not permit it. However, in many-places the people need to be led faster than they are going at present. In one little town in the up-country there are nine men communicants, representing eight families, and not a single woman communicant. When brought to task on the subject, they offered all sorts of excuses, the principal one being, “Our church building is not yet finished, and we have no place for them when we have a meeting.” The real reason, as. they finally admitted, is that they have accepted the Moslem custom of seclu sion, and the practice, if not the theory, that men have a monop oly of religion. The grace of giving needs to be encouraged in the Church. Compared with other churches in mission lands, the Church in Egypt is a leader. Compared with the home Church, all things considered, she does well; yet she has much to learn about sys tematic giving. In the answers of the pastors, a very inconsid erable number of tithers are mentioned. Most of the members subscribe to the pastor’s salary and pay monthly, and then to special funds as they feel able when some one is sent out by the Synod to collect. One question that drew out many interesting answers was, “For what reason do you most often refuse applicants for mem bership?” “No knowledge of the Book,” “Failure to understand our principles,” or “No evidence of the new birth,” were common answers. They give evidence that the pastors are guarding the Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church. 77 great fundamentals and endeavoring to keep the Church pure. One reason mentioned by a pastor which is very common, and doubtless a cause for many delaying their communion in the Church, is, “People want to be perfect before they profess con version.” “I am not ready, but I will prepare myself” is a com mon speech among those approached about confessing their Lord before men. They have not yet learned that the tempted Saviour “is able to succor them that are tempted.” In the report for last year, we found that the net increase of the Church was 152, the whole number received on profession being 637. This year the number of new communicants is 1,032, and the net increase for the year 218. When we contemplate the small numbers that are making open confession, it calls for a good deal of heart-searching on the part of those who have de voted their lives to the work of the Kingdom in Egypt. Are we doing our best? Are the members of Christ’s body being gath ered in as fast as He expects us to gather them? Are we using the methods Christ would have us use? When we examine the life of the Church in Egypt, as tested by the numbers she is bringing into her communion, these questions persistently come up and cannot be put aside without serious consideration. It is true that the gifts and graces and the work of the Holy Spirit cannot be measured by figures or known by comparisons. Only the King and Head of the Church can know how rapidly His temple is nearing completion, and only He can distinguish be tween the builders who are using wood, hay and stubble and those who are building on the true foundation with gold, silver and precious stone. I think none who know them would question the motives of any of our workers, either native or foreign. But there does seem to be need to test our methods anew. Especially is there a call for more direct spiritual leadership, which, from the inadequacy of its force, the mission has felt unable to supply. The native Church is anxious for this leadership. During the past year, Dr. Hunt visited six of our congregations in the Thebes Presbytery and, as is always the case when the more experienced mission aries visit the churches, he was greeted by crowded houses and was besieged by requests not to cut them off with a single night, but to spend a week with them and hold meetings. And from the viewpoint of methods, this is perhaps the thing most needed in many of the churches. If the mission can send her strongest evangelistic missionaries among the churches to conduct definite evangelistic services with the purpose not only of encouraging the pastors, but of getting conversions, without doubt the returns will justify the effort. 78 Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church.

ENCOURAGEMENTS. One element of encouragement in the Church which deserves mention before closing our report is her prayer life. As already noted, spiritual power is not easily measured. However, we feel that we have in the Annual Prayer Conference a barometer that is reliable in estimating the spiritual condition of the Church. This Conference originated in the native Church in the year 1900, the first meeting being held in Assiut. In the opinion of those who have been privileged to attend from year to year, the recent Conference at Zeitoun was an advance on those that have pre ceded. It was marked by quietness, and yet a deep work of grace apparently went on in the hearts of the delegates. One of the theological students remarked that he had never been in a meet ing where he had felt the spirit of reverence and earnestness as he did there. Many of those present professed to have had a new vision and to have found a new joy in the service of the King. The subject was “Spiritual Power,” and as the addresses followed one upon another, it became evident to all that our su preme need individually and as a Church is not so much more workers and better equipment, but that we “may be strengthened with power through His Spirit in the inward man” and that we “may be filled unto all the fulness of God.” The leader of the Conference said that even the disappointments and changes in the program seemed plainly of the Lord as they eventually worked out. A striking illustration of this was when the motto of the Conference for the year before (“True Christianity”) was put* up one day by mistake. A man who entered the meeting, seeing this motto, was brought under conviction of sin and led to open confession. When time for testimony came, he rose and said, “I have not been living a true Christian life. I have done things very inconsistent with such a life.” Then he fairly screamed out, “ I have stolen! I stole six pounds ($30.00) last w eek! Pray for me.” This made a deep impression, and even those who had been opposed to asking for public testimonies said, “That was the Lord’s work.” The great element in bringing the measure of blessing we had was prayer. In India, America and Great Britain as well as in Egypt, earnest prayer was offered in the weeks before we met And there was much prayer during the meeting. The early morning prayer meeting was the power house for the day. Then before the public meeting each morning one could see little groups here and there in the desert pleading for blessing and power. The leader of the Conference wrote afterward, “The meeting was not perfect, nor did it attain perhaps the full measure of our hopes, but there was so much for which to thank God that re grets found little place.” Perhaps of even greater import is the prayer life in the home. To the question, "How many of your families have fam- Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church. 79 ily prayer?” some of the pastors answered “All,” some answered “Most,” and a large number answered “Many of them,” while a few gave the number of families. In one little village recently visited where eight families are Protestant, the evangelist said there is family prayer in each house every day. This augurs well for the future of the Evangelical Church. If a people love God and are faithful in their prayer life, whatever their shortcomings we can trust Him, who is promised as the Guide into all truth, to lead them into the larger and better experiences of the Christian life, and into real service in the Kingdom. So, despite her weaknesses, we believe in the Native Evan gelical Church. Our hopes for her future are bright and our belief in her possibilities large. When we see her willingness to be led in service, and when we consider her soundness of doc trine and the faithfulness of so many, even when denied the ordi nary means of grace for months at a time, we must surely be impressed with the possibilities that reside in her. It is still true, as was agreed at the Schütz Conference three years ago, that “the supreme need of the Native Church is a spiritual quickening such as can come only through a baptism of the Holy Spirit.” Ours is not a human undertaking; we are coworkers with God. We be lieve that the Evangelical Church in Egypt is of Divine planting, and that the Husbandman will not suffer this vine to wither. Shall we not unite in common intercession to call down the show ers of spiritual blessing, and claim for her the power that the King and Head of the Church has promised to all those who seek it? “Hitherto hath the Lord helped us.” 80 Egypt— The Native Evangelical Church.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY. THE NATIVE EVANGELICAL CHURCH.

BY THF. REV. T. J. FINNEY, D.D.

~ , I9I3 I9I4 Organized congregations having at least one elder ...... 83 85 Outstations, preaching places, Sabbath schools, etc...... 202 206 285 291 Native ordained ministers, one missionary in Sudan ...... 65 65 Licentiates, two in Sudan ...... 18 19 Theological students ...... 12 12 Lay preachers ...... 7 6 102 102 Total membership : Men ...... 6,156 6,289 Women ...... 6,038 6,123 12,194 12,412 Increase by profession ...... 637 933 Increase by certificate ...... 187 99 824 1,032 Decrease by death, removal, etc...... 672 8i4 Net increase ...... 152 218 Infant . baptisms ...... 778 846 Adult baptisms ...... 3 Moslems, 4 in 1912 ; 2 in 1913 Others, 1 in 1912 ; o in 1913 781 Average attendance Sabbath morning ...... 25,284 23,614 Contributions to all church purposes $59,307 $44,53i SABBATH SCHOOLS INT EGYPT, 1914. 1913 1914 Number of Sabbath schools ...... 191 204 Number of pupils in Sabbath schools : Men ...... 4,492 4,399 Women ...... 3,357 3,368 7,849 7,767 Boys ...... 4,971 5,200 Girls ...... 3,057 3,317 8,028

Total pupils in Sabbath schools ...... 15,877 Number of officers and teachers in Sabbath schools : Men ...... 411 4 14 Women ...... 223 211 634 625 Total scholars, officers and teachers...... 16,511 16,909 Cost of leaflet paid from Sabbath school contributions ...... $626 $675 Contributions of Sabbath schools (included in church contributions) ...... 3,028 3,263 Sabbath school lesson leaflet, copies dis tributed weekly ...... 11,550 14,500 Sabbath school paper (Negm el-Meshrik). copies distributed weekly ...... 950 1,000 Egypt— Evangelistic Work. 81

EVANGELISTIC WORK.

BY T H E REV. S. A. WORK.

There was fear in the early days of August that the Euro pean war would sadly cripple our work in Egypt. But though it has affected it financially, the almost unanimous verdict from all over the field is that the doors have been more widely opened, and that greater interest is being shown than ever before in the hear ing of the Word.. Most of Egypt extends in a straight line from Alexandria to Assuan. We will undertake a tour of the field, and get our in formation about the evangelistic work at first hand from those who are in the thick of the fight, “wrestling not against flesh and blood, but against the principalities, against thé powers, against the world-rulers of this darkness, against the spiritual hosts of wickedness.” A t Alexandria we meet Dr. Finney, one of our veterans in the service. He says that the quiet forces at work in individual lives are perhaps the best index to what is being done. For instance, there is Ahmed, baptized over thirty years ago, retain ing his original Moslem name, who has held his place as partner in business with his Moslem brother, Hassan, and has testified to the truth of the Gospel to many acquaintances and friends and even to the private secretary of Osman Pasha. We have in him an influence that we believe will bring definite and rich returns in the future. The willingness of an increasing number of Moslems to attend special evangelistic meetings, the larger number of Mos lem parents who send their boys and girls to our schools, and the growing interest of Moslem inquirers,— all should quicken the faith of the Church and call forth larger effort. Some Coptic young men are studying the Bible with Dr. Finney, and work in the line of Bible study and missionary meet ings has been carried on in a Coptic Society. A gift of thirty Bibles to that Society called forth a hearty expression of appre ciation from the members, as well as from the priest. Four classes for Bible study with Moslems were kept up during the year. Some of the men were thrown out of employment because they persisted in coming. These have been turned over to the pastor to prepare for baptism. A young Moslem of twenty-two years of age was baptized at the first of the year, with the evident approval of his father ; later, however, the father, being influenced by friends, turned upon his son in an avalanche of abuse and persecution. He be- 82 Egypt— Evangelistic Work. came so threatening that the son and his uncle appealed to the missionary, who ventured to visit the father. He was received courteously, but the old man ran out and brought in a learned sheikh to defend his Moslem beliefs and the treatment of his son. After some stiff argument, the father and the sheikh consented to come to the house of the missionary and study the Bible. For some time they came twice a week, then at the fast of Ramadan they ceased coming. How much they have been influenced we cannot say, but a measure of victory for the truth was gained in that the boy is now living with his parents,, reading daily to his mother, and talking with his father concerning his salvation. These people should have our fervent prayers. Leaving Alexandria, we go to Tanta, two hours by train. We pass the large city, Damanhur, about half way,— a place where missionaries have hoped for years that there might be a. mission center. Practically nothing is being done in the city or province. A small body of Christians, with a lay preacher and some colportage work from time to time is all that is to be found as yet. For such places as these, we sorely need workers. From Tanta, where Mr. Coventry has just started the Delta car, we hear nothing but encouraging, words, though the op position is strong. Mr. Coventry quotes the words of Paul at Ephesus about an “open door” and “many adversaries.” Bas- siun seems to, have been a real Ephesus in this respect. Mr. Boyd too is hopeful, whether he speaks of the itinerant work of the dis trict, the new work in Tanta, in the Sagha quarter, the Y. M. C. A. work, or the work carried on by the lay preacher at Tukh en Nasara, Of the work at Sagha, he says, “Previously there had been much opposition from certain Moslems, but this past year even keener opposition has been carried on with Coptic backing. Sometimes a disturbance was kept up in the street, and sometimes things were thrown at the speakers in the meeting. At other times eighteen or twenty boys would enter, and in different ways prevent the meeting from going on. But these boys themselves became interested in the Gospel, and attend the church and Y. M. C. A. at times. W e feel that the opposition has only served to de velop in us the grace of Christian patience.” The preacher at Tukh says, “Many Moslems have heard the Word, some in their houses, some in the streets, some in the shops, some at funerals, and some at the regular meetings in our building. We often find more than seventy persons at a funeral, where we get the best of attention. Our gospel has a message for the sorrowing that the Koran does not have. The Copts, too, are more kindly disposed than formerly.” Thirty dollars 3. month is all that it costs to have this young man and his wife do this work in Tukh. Would that we could employ more such workers. Leaving the,main line at Tanta, we now pass eastward to Monsurah, the capital of the great Dakahlieh Province. Here Messrs. Work and Baird are doing their best to get in touch with Egypt— Evangelistic Work. «3

the 1,500,000 people of this scattered district, about ninety-seven percent, of whom are Moslems. Mr. Baird is still studying Ara bic, he has not gone out much, in itinerant work, but he is con ducting a very interesting work on the west side of Monsurah. Here-he has a Friday evening meeting, attended by some ten men and twenty boys, and a Sabbath school with an average attend ance of between twenty and thirty. * In company with Mr. Baird, the writer, in the spring of .1914, visited Damietta, Faraskur, and Sherbine on the river below Mon surah. Each of these places is quite large enough with its outly ing villages to keep a resident missionary busy. In no one of them is there any permanent work, not even a school to hold up the beacon light of Christianity. Damietta is two hours away from Monsurah by train, and Faraskur an hour and a half, so it is difficult for any one to keep up any consecutive work there; but our brief visit showed the possibilities. A dozen or more young men came to the hotel and talked with us, and we felt how much these men might be influenced, and through them the whole city, if we were only nearer to them. Among them were two young Moslems and an older sheikh. The meetings throughout the district have been kept up by the help and cooperation of the pastor and members of the Christian Endeavor Society. This Society has paid the traveling expenses of its members who assisted in the work, and about a dozen towns in the district have thus been reached regularly. Many Moslems have attended, and many private conferences have been had with others. We feel that the latter method is after all the one that counts most. One can get near to the indi vidual need, and there is much more frankness when they meet us one by one. Only eternity can tell the result of these talks, when men open up their hearts and listen attentively to the gos pel, so fitted to supply their need. No baptisms have been admin istered, but that there are Nicodemus-like believers, waiting only for the opportunity to come boldly out and take an open part in His service, there can be no doubt. Leaving Monsurah, we travel two hours south to Zakasik. Mr. Hart is laboring here alone, but he is doing a great work. Mr. Conventry, who at the time of writing is filling the gap due to -Mr.- Hart’s delay in America, reports the work in a very en couraging state, but laments the fact that it is unequally de veloped. More men attend the services than women in some places, and more women than men in others. This is due to the presence of Bible women in some places, and evangelists, who work more among the men, in others. This condition exists in every district in the Delta. Thirty-five minutes from Zakazik by express train brings us to Benha on the main line, equally distant from Tanta and Cairo. Here we find Mr. Walker, with Pastor Baskalis, doing their best to overtake the opportunities of a district in which there are more $4 Egypt— Evangelistic Work. than 1,300,000 souls, of whom 1,270,000 are followers of the false prophet. Hear what Mr. Walker himself says of the encourage ments in this great task. “In Benha, the work is more encourag ing than ever, and the attendance is steadily increasing. The ser mon on Sabbath morning has been shortened, and most of the children from the Sabbath school remain and are much inter ested. The Copts are few here, but their opposition is strong, mainly due to their fanatical priest. He is especially zealous against Protestants, because some of his own family have become such. The Plymouthites have opened meeting here, too, and this draws off somewhat from the attendance. In the out-stations, especially Tukh and Birket es Saba, where several new members have been received, the interest is more encouraging. There are Moslems in nearly all the meetings, sometimes outnumbering the Christians. We are glad to have Mr. Mikhail Mansur (see page 85) once a month at Benha, and the number of Moslems in at tendance there is increasing. As Benha is a very large town, and our church is at the ex treme north end, we are planning the opening of another service in the south end. In this way we hope to get some who will not come the long distance of over a mile to the church. The Copts in the district outside are more friendly than those in Benha itself. Arriving at Cairo, we must interview a number of workers; for in this, the capital city, we have many branches of work. The idea is to get in touch through Cairo with the life of the prov inces. For here, as with ancient Rome, all roads lead to the Capi tal. Mr. W. L. McClenahan, who has been specially interested the past year in work for Moslems in Cairo, is of the opinion that any effective work in Cairo will soon be felt in the villages and smaller towns, these being in such close touch with the capital. At every meeting, he says, they come in contact with men from nearly all over Egypt. Dr. Giffen says of the churches and their work: “There are large audiences at Faggallah and Kullali where there used to be but small congregations; and though it has affected somewhat the attendance at Ezbakiyah, yet there are more hearing the gospel every Sabbath than ever before. The new center at Shubra is also progressing, and the Heliopolis section promises to be a very hopeful one. “The English services at Heliopolis and at Ezbekieh, too, are well attended, the British Army contributing a large number since its increased garrison has arrived. Incidentally, Mr. Mc Gill is doing a fine work for the British soldiers in Heliopolis. With Mr. W. L. McClenahan and other workers, he has dis tributed a large number of pocket Testaments.” Dr. Zwemer reports concerning the work for Moslems. “My work for Moslems on evangelistic lines has been meeting them personally on the streets and in the Azhar quarter especially. I Egypt— Evangelistic Work. 85

have made a score of visits to the Azhar University this year.* Sometimes I have gone alone and sometimes in company with other workers. Mikhail Mansur and I were able to place in the library there copies of the Arabic Bible in large type and with references, as well as other Christian books, which were gladly received. I have had a special welcome among the Javan ese and Abyssinians at the Azhar. Some of these have visited me at my house and have borrowed books and are reading them. With Mr. Trowbridge, Secretary of the World’s Sunday school Union (see page 68), I had an interesting visit at the Turkish Hostel connected with the University. And on this visit, as well as on other occasions, we had prayer and explained the Bible to the students.” Dr. Zwemer also speaks of the work he and others have been able to do in distributing the tracts of the Nile Mission Press, he himself having distributed more than 3,000. He also conducts a Bible class which began at Faggalla early this fall and is held every Saturday night and attended by Evangelicals, Copts, Catholics and Moslems. The number in attendance ranges from seventy to one hundred and twenty. Dr. Hunt, also, speaks of the work for Moslems. “In Cairo, as the strategic center of Islam, attempt is made to carry on special aggressive effort in Moslem evangelization. For fifteen years Mr. Mikhail Mansur has been holding special meetings for Moslems, twice a week for most of the time. For periods they have been attended by great throngs and created much ex citement, and again they have dwindled to small proportions, but they have kept steadily on. For the past two years the Rev. Sa- dik Sewaha, who resigned his pastorate in Zakazik to give him self to this work, has also been conducting meetings in Cairo. The latter is wholly, and the former partially supported by the Egyptian church. Four other workers have been employed in the city in various capacities, and as a result, some half dozen regular meetings have been kept up, three reading rooms, and a home for converts and inquirers maintained. During the earlier months of the year the buildings could not contain the crowds, and there was intense excitement and sometimes there were threats of violence. An organized effort was made to counteract our work, and the attendance began to diminish. At the opening of the war, however, this organization was forbidden by the government to continue its efforts, but our own work was allowed to go on unhindered. The stress has been laid in the latter part of the year on holding our ground, and getting ready for an ad vancement when the favorable moment arrives. “It is always difficult to tabulate results in the work for Mos lems. Four have been baptized during the year, but two of these have not borne fruit worthy of their profession; yet we are glad

* This is the great Mohammedan University, to which students come from all parts of the Mohammedan world. 86 Egypt— Evangelistic Work. to say that some who had formerly denied Christ have returned, and so these cases are not hopeless. A determined effort has been made by a Moslem society, with argument, threat, and bribe, to draw our converts back to Islam, so we need not be surprised that some have weakened. We should rather praise God that so many have remained unshaken. It is a noteworthy fact that so many Moslems during the excitement of the past months have still shown an interest in Christianity. We confidently hope that the restoration of normal conditions will bring an ingathering of fruit which has been ripening unseen.” A new school for training lay evangelists was established the past year in connection with the Theological Seminary, and has opened auspiciously. About seventy applied for admission, but as we did not offer financial assistance, many could not come. Others were refused on account of age, physical infirmity, or other reasons, so that only eight were finally admitted. These, however, are all of an excellent type, and give promise of large usefulness. The regular teachers have been assisted by Messrs. Gairdner, Logan, and Fairman, of the C. M. S., North Africa, and Egypt General Missions, respectively. Leaving Cairo, with its more than 800,000 people, we journey southward through the Gizeh Province to Wasta, over an hour’s ride; and in this whole distance we do not find a missionary nor a regular place of preaching. Turning from the Nile and the main line of railway at Wasta, we cross the hilly desert, an hour’s ride to the Faiyum oasis, with its nearly 500,000 souls. Here Mr. Neal McClanahan is finding plenty of opportunities to use his ‘Arabic, and is very enthusiastic in his work. He says, “When I say that communion was held during the past year in Tubhar for the first time, the statement will mean little to you. Tubhar, if it has a form in your mind, may be a neat, well-arranged village, such as you have seen in America. You picture it as having attractive homes and ample lawns. Sub stitute for attractive homes, mud-brick hovels; for well laid-out streets, filthy winding alleys; and as for the lawns, if there be a blade of grass within the borders of the town, it is by an over sight, not by permission of the numerous lean but haughty goats which enliven the view. On this background place a dilapidated, one-room structure instead of the neat church building Which you have imagined. Stepping into this, seat yourself on a backless bench with your feet on a well swept piece of earth. On the little table before you is a lantern, and beside it a plate and a cup. If the light were more plentiful you might see engraved on the latter the name of a congregation in America. The communion set began its ministry there; after this it served a large Egyptian congregation; upon the appearance of the individual communion set it again moved down. The preacher, a young missionary, is conducting his first communion service in Arabic. In all respects but one, your first impression was above the actual, but in that Egypt— Evangelistic Work. 87

one, your imagination may have been too low. You may have thought that Christ would be so occupied with the large churches, the modem temples, that He would not grant His presence to such a meeting place as Tubhar. But He was born in a stable, and He seemed eager to meet with us in our building, which re sembled a stable more than a church. . He did for us that which He does not always do for those who meet in palatial churches; He manifested His presence. There were nine of us, four joining the church this year. They were simple men like the apostles. They were earnest, ready to undergo the abuse of their Coptic neighbors and the scorn of their Mohammedan associates, that they might partake of the Lord’s Supper. Thus did Tubhar.for the first time see the celebration of the Supper.” Mr. McClanahan describes other experiences, and then sums up by saying “The supreme need of our district is for a spiritual awakening. We are pathetically short of workers, but were every life now in the service a Spirit-filled life, we would be a force be fore which Satan could not stand.” Returning to Wasta we again take the main line to Beni Suef, almost an hour’s ride, where Mr. Adams is holding the fort alone. Mr. Adams says, “The evangelistic work now being done in this district does not begin to meet the need. Three government provinces comprise the district, having a population of more than 1,250,000. In -one o f these provinces our Church is strong; in the other two, which cover more than half the district, there are only three pastorates. Provision was made for a new evangelist in this district this year, and one was available, but economic stringency prevented his employment. “The one who has been working between Wasta and Beni Suef the last two years has done good work. The Copts have become jealous and also secured an evangelist. This of course will not last, because he has neither sufficient education nor knowledge of the Bible. The people are ready to hear the word if we only had the workers to bring it to them.” Mr. Reed is responsible for the evangelistic work on the Ibis from Minieh to Suhag, a distance of about one hundred and fifty miles. He says “The entrance of the Ibis into the large Ib- rahimic Canal at Assiut was an event of unusual importance. It came down as far as Mellawi. Only once before in the history of the Mission has this occurred. It promises much for the fu ture work in Assiut Presbytery, as it brings one in closer touch with the towns, and enlarges the opportunities for personal work and conference with leaders. A number of special meetings were held, and though it was the busy season among the farmers, there were large numbers in attendance. About a thousand at tended the meetings at Mellawi, among whom were many Mos lems. Rev. W. T. Fairman, of the North Africa Mission, ren dered efficient service. 88 Egypt— Evangelistic Work.

“The unsettled condition of the country made it impossible to keep up these special meetings to any great extent. The government has been quite friendly, and though the authorities asked us to keep them posted as to what villages we intended visiting, and. the time, they did so to assure us protection and pre vent us from being taken for German spies. Though we did not think it wise to give the usual general invitation to our meetings, yet the publicity given by the government in sending men to pro tect us, far out-balanced street invitations, for more officials and leading Moslems attended. At one place the mayor and the prominent men of the town, both Moslem and Christian, were at the edge of the town to welcome us. We went at once to the Protestant school and church. The boys of the school sang a few Psalms, and by this time the church was filled even to the aisles. The pastor said that more than half were Moslems. All listened attentively, and many prominent Moslems remained for confer ence after the meeting. A deep impression was made. “The lasting results of these visits is shown by the follow ing : ‘How long have you been holding nightly prayer-meetings ?’ we asked in one town. ‘Since your visit five years ago,’ was the answer. At another town where there had not been a regular preacher for months, emphasis was placed on personal work by church members; and three agreed to take turns in preaching, while others promised personal effort for souls. A reviving took place, and a great increase in attendance, while several united with the church. “The terrible war in Europe has caused great financial strin gency, but has brought many to their knees. The need of a purer Christian life and a longing for revival has been felt by many. One is led to feel that we are on the eve of a great revival if we have faith to claim the blessing and are willing to pay the price.” The College and the Pressly Memorial Institute at Assiut are doing a wonderul work along evangelistic lines through their students. I only wish I had room to enlarge on this, but the space to be occupied by this report forbids. Dr. McClenahan, of the College says, “The total number of volunteers in the College is seventy-two, the new ones this year forty-one; the number of vil lages where the gospel is preached each Sabbath morning is eighteen. The average attendance at these meetings is one thou sand. Thirty-five persons were received into the Church as a re sult of this work. Though we have no college pastor at present, excellent service has been rendered by pastors and evangelists from the vicinity. Nearly a hundred of the students of the College united with the Church during the year. Individual stu dents have shown marked spiritual growth, and teachers have earnestly entered into these activities. A conspicuous part of the religious life of the students seems to be the desire to carry back to their villages the spirit of evangelization.” Egypt— Evangelistic Work. 89

Miss Ruth Work writes of the movements in the Pressly Memorial Institute: “Twenty meetings are being held every Sabbath by our volunteers now in school. A teacher and a graduate go to the prison every day. Though allowed to speak only to Copts, many Moslems hear, as the teachers plan to stand where this will be possible. Two recent graduates have a Sab- bath-school in the Orphanage, where about fifty children attend. Others go to private houses, Christian and Moslem.” From Suhag to Assuan on the south the only missionary is Dr. Philips. He resides at Luxor, which is about the center of this parish two hundred miles long. Dr. Philips is enthusiastic in his work. He has had the use of the Ibis for a part of the year. He writes as follows: “We began at Assuan and worked down towards Luxon We opened with a service in the Coptic church in Assuan. About one hundred and seventy-five were present, the priest himself sitting beside me and offering the opening prayer. We have meetings at different villages almost every day and sometimes two a day. In Nagada, the Coptic priest arranged for a meeting for women, at which Mrs. Philips reports an attendance of over five hundred women and girls. The night following almost an equal number of men attended. All the Coptic people have received us warmly except one older priest, who thought it too much of an innovation to have an American missionary take the service, though his younger colleague was anxious to have us. At Mahamid, where the evangelist said there were only five or six Christian families and the rest were Mos lems, after giving our invitation, we had a large crowd, of whom at least one hundred and twenty-five were Moslems. At Kilh, about seventy attended, half of whom were Moslems. At a meeting last week over a hundred Moslems heard, and we dis tributed a lot of Scripture portions (John, chap. iii). I heard yesterday that the sheikh gathered and burned many of them after we left. I hope he didn’t get them all, and that many of those burned had delivered their message before the fire got them. “Last night we visited a town of about 5,000, near Keneh. The Omdeh, or mayor of the town, had been notified, as is our custom, but we had difficulty in finding a place of meeting. Fin ally the colporteur who was with us got a place for Mrs. Philips, where she gathered ten or twelve of the women together. Then we went to the house of the only Protestant in town and held a meeting for men. Thirteen Copts and about thirty Moslems were present. They said this town had never before been visited by a missionary and perhaps not by an evangelical pastor either. Mrs. Philips has had meetings for women in almost every town visited, and they are usually well attended, often with quite a number of Moslems.” 90 Egypt— Evangelistic Work.

In closing this report we wish only to add that, true to the history of the Christian Church in all ages, the war and its ac companying circumstances have brought men to a realization of their religious needs, and that God is bringing blessing out of what might have been expected to cause hindrance to our work. Certainly enough has been said to prove that Egypt spells oppor tunity, and that the word of God is beginning to affect these Moslem peoples, even though in some places there is opposition. May the promise that Egypt shall be the Lord’s soon be ful filled, that God may say of her, “Blessed be Egypt, my people.” Egypt— Harem Work. 9 i

HAREM WORK.

BY MRS. T. J. FINNEY.

“Behold I have set before thee an open door, and no man can shut it: for thou hast a little strength, and hast kept my word.” The “open door” before us, through which we wish to gaze for a little, leads into the hearts and homes of Egypt’s millions of women and girls. Truly this door leads into a vast place, and if we 'may effectively enter it, in the power of God’s spirit, ex pecting His blessing upon His Word, and with faith in His prom ises, the little strength which we now deplore will soon become a great tide, and we shall see the barren and desolate places become fruitful, and the desert rejoice and blossom as the rose. In making such a survey of the field as is necessary in order to compile the annual report, the first impression must always be, the dearth of workers. One hears this cry so often that he be comes almost hardened to it, yet it is not possible to look into the real state of the field without being deeply touched with this great need. The pastors, in most cases, are greatly interested in the advancement of the women of their flock, and they do the best they can to help them. But the cry from almost every village is, “We need women workers for women’s needs.” In some cases it is, “Can you not send us a Bible-woman ?” and from others, “There is a woman we could engage if you will help us with her maintenance.” There is a women’s meeting, at least once a week, in every congregation reporting. In some places there are two meetings a week, in which the pastor, in addition to the regular weekly Bible lesson, faithfully and patiently teaches the women to memorize texts from the Word, teaches them Psalms and how to sing them, and, in some cases, teaches them the Catechism as well. Hundreds of women are being helped in this way. To the writer it has been pathetic to see the earnest efforts of the pastors to help these poor women. If a mind has never been used, and the woman’s outlook has never extended beyond the horizon of her own village, it is not an easy task for her to re tain from one day till the next what she is taught. But it was one of the proofs that Jesus was Lord that the gospel was preached to such as these. Mr. Reed says that it is impossible to itinerate among the churches without being deeply impressed with the work being done for the women by the Egyptian pastors. Let us, therefore, give all honor and every possible encouragement to these earnest workers in lonely places. 92 Egypt— Harem Work.

Most interesting have been the reports of the work in Baya- diyeh and Fikriyeh. This is due largely to the earnestness and in telligence of the wives of the pastors in these places. The pastor at Fikriyeh reports that the women’s meeting is conducted by his wife, the teacher of the Girls’ School, or by one of the more in telligent women of the congregation. Eight women have volun teered to visit the homes. He feels encouraged because of the in creased attendance at the meetings, their zeal, their praying together, and their liberality in giving of their substance. A good number have professed conversion during the year. The pastor at Bayadiyeh says that instead of the men stirring up the women, it is the women who stir up the men to faithful ness in attendance at meetings. Eighty women and sixty girls attend the women’s meeting, while more women than men attend the general prayer-meeting. The women also go about to com fort the sick, go after delinquents, and help the poor. He says they are growing in grace as is shown in their increased devotion in secret, as well as in public prayers. Here, also, a large number professed conversion. There are women’s missionary societies at both these places. The pastor’s wife at Keneh reports a Women’s Missionary Society in which there are seventy members, who contribute money to the amount of $125. The women of Hoor, while not maintaining a missionary society, gave a thank-offering of $24.50. Special contributions and thank-offerings have been reported from El Azziya, Sharona and Deir Moas. Everywhere the pastors and missionaries report the giving up of harmful funeral customs. In some places they are given up altogether; in others the “mourning” is limited to seven days; others do not “mourn” on Sabbaths, while one reports that they have reduced the period of “mourning” from one hundred to forty days. We are told that the women of the Coptic Church at Barsha are taught Bible verses, Psalms, and the Lord’s Prayer, and that the priest uses many of our methods in both the management and the training of the members of his diocese. Coupling this with what Miss Hogg tells us of the large weekly meeting for women held in the Coptic Church of Assiut, and with what we know to be true in other places, we may confidently assert that the leaven of better spiritual things for women, is slowly permeating the Coptic Church, even in unexpected places. In addition to the work done by native pastors, missionaries, and consecrated members of the Church, about fifty Bible wom en are at work. Day after day, dotted all over the land are little groups of women sitting with the Bible woman, slowly studying out, or listening to the truths of God’s Word, learning to sing praise in the Psalms, or praying together. Egypt— Harem Work. 93 Miss Paden gives us an example of this teaching in the Faiyum. “The New Testament is read first, and the important verse or verses of each chapter are committed to memory. The thought of at least one chapter is given also at each lesson by those advanced in reading, and the whole book is reviewed. When the New Testament is finished in this way, the pupil is allowed to begin the Old Testament.” Think what work such as this in all these groups may mean, if the teacher be filled with the Spirit and power of God. That this may become so, let us not forget our individual responsibil ity so that every thought of this great work may become a prayer and that the longings of our hearts for it may be continually toward God. The yearly Conference at Assiut continues to be of the greatest benefit to the Bible women, a time of uplift and refresh ment to body, mind and spirit. The one hundred women, Ameri can and Egyptian, who lived together, and communed in holy things for the five days of the Conference this year, were unanimous in their verdict that this was the best they had ever had. This annual gathering means not only refreshment to their souls, but it takes them out of their environment, quite away from the routine of the daily lessons among the narrow city streets; gives them deep draughts of pure desert air, of which they often stand much in need, and a peep at the green, sunlit fields of the open country. More than this, it gives them broad ening interchange of thought and fellowship with others who are engaged in the same work. We never can be thankful enough to the good ladies at home who make this Conference possible, nor to the missionary ladies in Assiut, who do not spare themselves to minister to the wants of these workers while they are there. We report, with a good degree of gratitude, the work for the year, among the women of Alexandria. The three regular Bible women were greatly quickened by the Conference at Assiut, as they set out on their year’s work. Its helpful influence has re mained with them throughout the year, and they have looked forward eagerly to the one which completes the year’s work. One of our special encouragements has been the large num ber of Mohammedan women who have been taught, one woman having read to forty-two, fifty, seventy-two and like numbers during the different months. Another is the greatly increased number of women who have attended the meetings. Sometimes as many as fifty attend at the private house in Karmuz district, and thirty at the meeting next day in the Karmuz school, while a good number attend at the Kafr el Ashari and Haret el Yahud schools. No meeting is held in the church, but the pastor has be gun one in a private house. One of the very best workers we hgve in Alexandria is a Bible-man, blind Khalil. His first business is teaching new mis sionaries simple reading and colloquial Arabic. But, aside from 94 Egypt— Harem Work. this, he conducts four women’s meetings each week. Lately, on his own initiative, he has started a Weekly meeting for women in his own house, visiting them in their homes when time per mits. His blindness gives him access to the homes. A few days ago he said to me, “I used to teach the women that if they wished to be Christians they must not tell lies, and that they must give up swearing and cursing, but now I know it was only a . worn out garment I was offering them. Now I teach them that they are dead, that it is life they need, and that they can get it in Jesus Christ.” Perhaps this man, who is spending all his life in total dark ness, but in whose heart the sun of righteousness is brightly shining, in view of his excellent work for the women, merits more than a passing notice. During our last furlough he mar ried, the bride being a dependent relative whom his mother had brought up. When we returned, he said, “I knew you would be rejoiced to know that I am married. It is a blessing I never dreamed God would give me, a wife and home of my own.” His heart was overflowing with gratitude to God who had given what seemed to him an unspeakable blessing. During the wilt ing heat of last summer, one of the most pathetic sights in the streets of Alexandria, was this blind man, carrying his poor emaciated little baby, William, fifteen months old, through the narrow crowded streets, down the long way from his house to the sea, hoping that the sea breeze might bring him vigor. His wife was remaining at home with the two months old baby. A little later, when the two were taken away from him at one time, devoted as he was to them, his faith never wavered. And I doubt not that , because of this going with his little ones down into the valley of the shadow, his messages to his women have a clearer, truer ring. Miss Cabeen has employed a Bible woman this year, on her own account, for the work in her own quarter of the city. She did not know when she began, how competent this woman would be, but because she goes with her usually herself, showing her by her own example how to teach, she is developing very satis factorily. They work in a needy part of the city and we hope for telling results for the Kingdom. This brings the number of our Bible women up to five. From Assiut we have received the splendid report that there are twenty-eight special prayer meetings for women, and that 1040 women are having lessons in their homes. Miss Hogg writes: “It is fifty years since harem work was first started in As siut, and as we look from the lonely efforts of the first workers to the Christian force at present existent in the town, we cannot but rejoice at what the years have brought. Those forces are neither few nor weak. Our tvjo large Girls’ Schools have left a deep mark not only on innumerable individual homes, but on the tone and standards of an important section of the community. In the Egypt— Harem Work. 95 hospital, the Bible work has changed many a woman’s life and returned her to her old surroundings with new hopes and new aims. We rejoice in a large self-supporting congregation, half of whose members are women. And as a secondary result of our Mission’s work, the evangelical influence in the once oppos ing Coptic Church, is so genuine that we include it as effective work for the Kingdom. The Coptic women’s prayer-meeting has a weekly attendance of from three to four hundred. We have seven Bible women devoting their whole time to the teach ing and preaching of the Word, and our blind preacher, Azeez, goes through the length and breadth of Assiut, wasting no time on preliminaries, but delivering a brief and direct message in every house he enters. “In addition to the official workers, we have fifty to sixty volunteers, three-fourths of them teachers and pupils from the Pressly Memorial Institute. They conduct meetings weekly in the prison and orphanage, in two little schools, and in about thirty widely separated houses, and reach with their teaching from three to four hundred souls, about half of whom are Mos lems. “Altogether we cannot but feel that, as compared with most places in Egypt, Assiut is wonderfully privileged, and that God has here many instruments at His disposal through which He can work for the growth of His Kingdom. This being so, with the power of God at our disposal, ought not our progress to be phe nomenal? Taken as a whole, however, it seems to be rather intensive than extensive, and the vast mass of the people still know nothing of Jesus Christ. Can we devise no method by which the spiritual energies and influence already present shall be directed into channels that will bring salvation within the reach of those still unevangelized ? “The difficulties are great, for Egyptian women and girls, humanly speaking, cannot be expected to force an entrance into unknown houses and unknown lanes, and with so few mission aries, and all of us unable satisfactorily to meet our existing ob ligations, the work of pioneering stands a poor chance. The problem, however, calls for unceasing prayer and constant con sideration. In all work, a close relation exists between the re sults achieved and the personnel of the workers, and very spe cially so, when it is spiritual results for which we are striving. It is, therefore, with special pleasure that we report that this year we have succeeded in giving more help than formerly to the majority of our volunteers. Our meetings together on Fri days to pray and to prepare our message have united us more closely than ever before, and have done their part towards mak ing the work more effective. Many of them were able also to attend the Bible Women’s Conference with which the year clos ed. It is the fourth that has been held and seemed to reach a 96 Egypt— Harem Work.

higher tide of blessing than had yet been attained. The strong and sweet ties that these meetings foster between ourselves and our Egyptian fellow workers are not the least of their spiritual results. “The growth of the Bible women, since the Conferences were first begun, is a constant cause of profound thankfulness, and it is not on their lives alone that a deep mark has been left. One of the teachers in the Khayyatt school, a naturally timid girl, felt so strongly a call to preach the gospel that she promptly resigned her position as teacher, and returned as a Bible woman to the needy women in her own little village, strong in the belief that the God from whom the call came, would overcome for her the opposition of relatives and friends, and provide her with means of support. Another, who was a teacher in the Boarding School, has gone in the same spirit, to act as a Bible woman in Monsurah, and both have entered happily and hopefully on their new service. This means to them almost as great a sacrifice as a young woman in America makes in leaving her home to come to the foreign field. Such events are full of significance, and we expect in the next few years to have greater things to write of than our faith has yet dared to claim.” We have the following interesting report from Mrs. Pollock concerning the work on the Delta Boat: “The itinerating work on the 'Allegheny’ was continued the past year with the excep tion of a few months in the summer. The evangelistic work among the women was carried on, unhindered by illness, or oth er difficulties of that nature. The soil was prepared by God who created it, and the seed was His Word. This divine assurance, coupled with the promise that we will reap in due season, if w; faint not, gave continual encouragement. Only when looking at our weakness and the fewness of laborers, the field did seem so large and the darkness so dense. “ A t R ...... we were welcomed by some Moslem friends and frowned upon by others. Sitt Amna* who made a good profession last year, had been warned against us by Moslem sheikhs, and through fear, had ceased to talk about the truth that she still claims entered her heart. She had been divorced, and is now literally a servant in the house of which she was once mistress. Being the lady of the house, she never went out of doors without being closely veiled and covered with a silken roBe. Now she carries dinner to men in the fields. Because of her inheritance, and for the sake of her children, she remains in that house, her own father being dead. Twice she ventured to the boat. She told us that as she looked up to heaven, while go ing back and forth to the field, Christ would fill her thoughts. She also said that when His name was on her lips in prayer, her heart was softened, and she was filled with unspeakable joy.

* See this woman’s story in last year's Report, page 93. Egypt— Harem Work. 97

Only once did we succeed in visiting her; after that her door was closed while we were in the village. She was forbidden to leave home, so we never saw her again. “In the same town, we were led to two Syrian Catholic wid ows. Our welcome was very pronounced, and they seemed ready and waiting for Christ to come into their lives. Their husbands, who were brothers, had died within a year. A lawyer brother of the elder lady, widow of the Bey, lived with them, and was slowly dying with a dreadful disease caused by sin. So no wonder they longed for something wealth could not give. Many hours were spent with them, searching the Scriptures and in prayer. They are very near the Kingdom, if they have not already entered. “ A t N ...... a large Moslem house of mourning was open to us. Upon two occasions the Koran readers were silenced, while we were given a wonderful opportunity to wit ness to Christ before a great room full of women. At T ...... the harem of Ahmed Bey, who belongs to a prominent family of Egypt, called at the boat, and later, a cor dial welcome was given us at their house. The mother of the Bey politely resented the position we give Christ in our religion, but the younger ladies said they would be glad to read portions of gospels that we left with them. “Another interesting character whose path we crossed was Sitt Khadiga. She, a rich Moslem woman of Cairo, and her daughter were at their farm. Usually only a few summer months are spent there, but owing to great loss in their cotton, they were also wintering on their farm. Scarcely were we seated in her home when she began questioning us about our belief and the difference between Copts and Protestants. Ample opportunity was given to point to the only Guide and the only highway that leads to life. “Not altogether unsuccessful attempts were made to reach the families of Greek shop and cafe keepers, who are near the stations of all large towns. Greek Testaments were given to all who could read. The poor and the sick were -ministered to as well, in the medical tent in the mornings, arid in their homes in the afternoons.” The workers in Benha are rejoicing that they now have a missionary among them who is set apart for harem work. Would that every station could thus rejoice. Miss Teas came to Benha in the middle of September, and has gone into her work in a way that is sure to bring great results in that and surround ing towns. She sees the field white to the harvest, she says, and the people in great multitudes without knowledge of the Scrip tures, needing cleansing in every respect. Let me give her own words in her report: “Mrs. Walker, in spite of her numerous duties in the home with her children, and the cares and anxieties connected with life in a growing family, has kept a watchful' eye upon the two Bible women, Sitt Um Wahba and Faruza But- 98 Egypt— Harem Work. rus. Thè latter came to Benha in May of the present year, taking up her work as Sitt Um Wahba led her into it, carefully and prayerfully, in the three separate sections of the town. She makes not less than eight, and often as many as fifteen, visits to homes in one day. Frequently men enter and open discussion, but often they listen attentively throughout the lesson, assenting to the truths plainly and simply stated. Faruza is a recent school girl, having had seven years in Luxor school, so she knows how to teach and is a great improvement on the Bible women of the past. ’ After her coming Sitt Um Wahba took work in four near by towns, reached by train. Each morning she goes out, return ing in the afternoon. She is often fatigued, sometimes sad, be cause of treatment not only to herself, but towards her Saviour. But like the Apostle Paul, she is always rejoicing that it has'been her privilege to give the truth to some who received it gladly. And so she labors, trusting in His promise who has said to us each, ‘Lo I am with you alway, even unto the end of the age.’ With such a pair of consecrated workers in the field we hope to reap an abundant harvest. “In a town where our workers visit once a week, we one day came to a large Coptic house, where a young woman lives in luxury, for she has plenty of this world’s good things, but noth ing whatever of the riches of; Christ. She greeted us cordially and sent a messenger for a certain servant named Khadra, whose people were angry with her because she embraced the faith of the despised Nasara, literally “Nazarenes,” the name commonly applied by Moslems to Christians. Khadra sat at our feet listen ing to the questions of 'the Bible woman on the subject of the preceding week. She was able to answer all of them, and helped her Coptic friend remember. After a new lesson for that week was given, Khadra asked for baptism, saying she longed for it, and that no one cared for her but Christ and this kind friend, who often gave her food and clothing. Her one good eye needed attention, and we hoped she would come to Benha for treatment during the week. But by the next week she had passed into the realms of everlasting light. "In a village near Benha, to which every Friday both workers go together because the people are unfriendly, we made our rounds one day. Quite a number of women gathered in one house and there was apparently much interest, when in walked a burly fat man, full of Satanic spirit, demanding what this was all about. We had just been speaking of ‘The Rich Fool.’ When told the story, he said they had the same account in their book (the Koran), which mentions also the rewards that wiil be given to those who give of their goods to feed the poor. Our Bible woman looked up into his angry face, for he was bitter against our Christ, and she said sweetly, ‘But all we can do is nothing unless we have humility as our Master had, and give all the glory to Him who is above all, and for the sake of Sayyidn a Esa, Egypt—Harem Work. 99 “Our Master Jesus/’ we will be accepted.’ That was quite enough. We are not wanted there any more. “Recently we called at a house where one of our pupils, a Coptic woman, had just died. There was such noise and din that one could do nothing but offer up a silent prayer that the Spirit would speak *o them. All the women in this village were running and screaming because the dead woman had left her three small children uncared for. Poor little souls,— pray for them and for all such who are apparently without any oppor tunities; that they may be gathered into schools soon, to be taught of Him ‘whose blood cleanseth from all sin.’ ” The women’s work in Cairo is superintended by Miss Thomp son, with Mrs. Zwemer, Miss McConaughy and Miss Barnes as associate superintendents. There are fourteen Bible women working in the twelve districts of Cairo, with an enrolment of l,°73 pupils. Of this number only n o are Protestants, while 222 are Moslems. The average attendance at the thirteen prayer meetings was 306. These women, in addition to their contribu tions to the local Bible women’s work and the Girls’ Orphanage, gave $59 as a thank-offering to the Delta Presbyterial Missionary Society. Miss Thompson reports: “There are not so many learning to read as formerly, owing to the want of time. The districts gone over represent a good deal of energy expended in walking and stair-climbing and anxiety to speak in such a way as to interest women, so that souls may be saved. The conferences which the Bible women have at tended have helped them very much to realize the value of souls and the necessity of reaching them by the gospel message. Dr. Hunt has kept up his monthly meeting for the Bible women in Mrs. Harvey’s parlor, and Dr. Zwemer gave them an address on how to present Christian truth to Moslem people in an attractive way. Different new districts are being visited more than for m erly'by various lady misssiónaries. Mrs. Harvey feels more especially the necessity of visiting those who are church mem bers, while Mrs. Zwemer goes more to Moslem homes. The Misses McConaughy and Barnes superintend the Bible women who work in the neighborhood of their schools, and they take part in the women’s meetings there. If we were not so rushed with work, many more meetings could be held in different dis tricts. It is pathetic to have Moslem women take the hands of the Bible woman or superintendent, and rub them over their heads in order to receive a blessing from these persons who teach the gospel. Mrs. Zwemer has the superintendence of a Bible woman who has had a good deal of experience, and both she and Mrs. Zwemer have great tact in approaching Moslem w.omen with the gospel message. They go to a good many different districts, and in some of them there are Coptic houses where prayer-meetings can be held, and where most of the audience are Mohammedans.” IOO Egypt— Harem Work.

Of this district Mrs. Zwemer says, “At one of the prayer- meetings one day a group of men sat outside and listened, and wished to ask questions. They were told to wait until the read ing was finished. At the end of the meeting the men made some disrespectful remarks about the Christians’ God, which the Egyptian Christians present resented rathe t* vigorously, and the consequence was that the whole crowd was taken to the police station. However, there was no case, and the meetings are not interrupted any more. In a back street in an open court, meet ings are held where men, women and children gather and listen to a Bible story. A few of the rough boys have learned to recite the fifth commandment, and say it with great gusto, but with little idea of putting it into practice. There is improvement in these rough groups. A group of Moslems, in another district, after listening to the story of the life of Christ, confessed their belief in the crucifixion. One woman leading a wrong life was spoken to about the things that defile. The woman confessed that her deeds were evil, but said she could not help herself. She was pleaded with to accept the One stronger than Satan. Every week light is brought into many houses, and many women are willing to rejoice in the light, but not yet willing to forsake all and follow Him who is The Light of the World.’ ” Mrs. Zwe mer adds, “The work day by day is far more interesting than it really appears on paper.” It is almost a matter of surprise, but a cause for real thank fulness, that some of our Bible women have such boldness and courage in speaking to Mohammedans. The following story will illustrate this. It was told by Miss Gazelle, who works' in Bou- lac, Cairo, where a large proportion of the people are Moslems: “One day as I passed a certain shop, the owner offered me a chair, and when I sat down he called a Moslem sheikh and some others to talk. After reproving a boy for cursing, I offered him my Bible to read from, but he said he could not read. Then the shiekh said, ‘Show me your book.’ And he read the first four chapters of Genesis. Handing it back to me he said, ‘This is verv good, but you have one bad thing; you say that Christ was cruci fied.’ I answered ‘Take the Book and read about Christ’s cruci fixion in the gospels/ and I opened at Matthew twenty-seven, and then to the story in Mark, in Luke, and in John. Then another Moslem came and said, ‘Are you arguing with the woman? Rise, go to their meetings in Ezbakiyah, the Faggalahand Kuilali and you will be benefited there, and be careful not to say any thing against Christ, for He is very high and holy and to be exalted.’ After they had gone the sheikh said, ‘Your Book is true, O teachfr.’ Some time after this I was passing the same place and the same company of people was there. I began talk ing to them, when a Sudanese man came and said, ‘It is true that Christ was crucified and was buried again. The Messiah is Light, and he is Truth, and the Americans have enlightened the Bgypt— Harem Work. 101

country and made the people to understand the truth.’ They were astonished at the Sudanese man and I said, ‘His face is black, but his heart is white.’ And they believed his words.” A woman was talking to her pupils about the tenth chapter of Acts, and took occasion to speak to the women about the sin of worshipping angels or saints, and she told them that God could reveal Himself to whomsoever He wished. A Coptic priest was present and he began praising the work of our Mission, because through it the country had been enlightened, and it had taught the people to preach. The teacher spoke of the great difference in the attitude of the priests who used to forbid our teaching and would excommunicate their people for listening to Protestant teaching. Now they thank God for making use of our people in teaching the Copts. This teacher gives thanks that the hearts of the Moslems are also inclining to listen respectfully to the teach ing about the Saviour. The questions that the Bible women have to answer are sometimes deep enough to puzzle learned men. For example, “How is Christ God?” “How can three Persons be one God?” Then they have to prove that the Scriptures were not changed after the time of Mohammed, and quote from the Koran to prove what they say. They are called upon to prove the death of Christ, and many other statements of the Bible. It is wonderful that Moslem men are willing to talk to women on such subjects, but it is. another example of God’s choosing the foolish things of the world to confound the wise. “The Bible woman in Beni Suef, Mrs. Um Zaky, who is a widow,” writes Miss Paden, “is one of those faithful ones who is ablfe to send the hired mourning women out of the houses of her bereaved pupils, and to comfort their hearts by the comfort of the Word of God. “The mother of one of the elders died this spring. The elder forbade the hired mourners to come, but when he went down stairs to meet his men friends who had come to comfort him and his father and brothers, the mourners slipped upstairs and began. Mrs. Um Zaky and another church member soon put them out, and now this Christian mourning is being used as a model by both Protestants and Copts. “After two and a half years’ study, one of Mrs. Zaky’s Moslem pupils stopped taking lessons, saying she must cease or she would become an ardent Christian in spite of herself. An other of her Moslem pupils has read John and a part of Luke. There are always several of this pupil’s friends present with her during the lesson,* and the Bible woman and her teaching are al ways welcome in that home. Lately Mrs. Zaky had a discussion of at least two hours with two Jewesses and their brother about the Christ and the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy. She said the Spirit of the Lord came upon her, and that she was given answers that she had never even thought of before. So convinc 102 Egypt— Harem Work. ing were they that none were able to reply, and all went away in'a thoughtful mood. “The Bible woman in the Faiyum is much encouraged by the zeal of some of her pupils and the real knowledge of the Word that they have. Some have progressed greatly in reading, having almost completed half the Bible. Another encouragement is that one of her pupils has requested that she might have a meeting in her own home, she furnishing the gospels and Psalm books and preparing the place. This Bible woman sells many tracts from the Nile Mission Press, and gives many away to those who are not able to buy. In a village near the Faiyum, she is very acceptable to the Moslems in her reading, exposition and pray ers.” Mrs. Philips gives us the cheering news from Luxor that there is a new interest in real Bible study on the part of the Bible women and teachers of the Girls’ School. There is also a new desire to do evangelistic work on the part of some. A series of four special meetings for women, conducted by a missionary, were very helpful. Mrs. Philips is . disappointed because the women are not given opportunity to take part in the women’s meeting conducted by the pastor; also that the women of the town do not take much part in the missionary meeting, because they do not like to do so before the teachers of the school, who are better educated. From this place we have the remarkable report that one woman evangelist for four months had a weekly average of one hundred Moslem hearers. A man of the congregation in Monsurah not only taught his wife to read, but he was so pleased when she was made an officer of the Missionary Society that he prepared her programme for her each month, and gave her a reward for leading the meet ings. When all Egyptian men reach this stage of development we may hope for a new Egypt. Mrs. Boyd says of Tanta: “Many of our women are.zealous in bringing others to church, in helping needy families, and in gathering money to feed them. One poor Moslem woman who lay in the street for nine months, paralyzed, hungry, and in rags, is now cared for in the Tanta hospital. The Mohammedan hos pital, like ours, is closed, but our two Bible women go there each week, gather the patients around them and read the Bible to them. I found out that the Bible women were taking a little of their own money to buy candy, etc., to pave the way for reading the Word, so we sent them five piastres (25 cents) on Christmas day, which was greatly appreciated, although it was a poor enough treat. We are hoping soon to be able to send a Bible woman each week to the Government Hospital, to read to the patients. , If this should be allowed, it too will be epoch making.” From Zakazik we hear from Miss French that the interest of the women has kept up surprisingly well, notwithstanding the many interruptions in the work. She relates two instances that Egypt— Harem Work. 103 have been of special encouragement. “A young wife, a church member, was widowed and lost her youngest child within a week. The quietness of her conduct, her refusal, to allow wailing) and her faith, were a great lesson to the women of her neighbor hood.” The other case was that of .the. wife of a Moslem con vert who had just died. To quote: “She-is conducting herself through the mourning quietly. When we visited her about a week after her husband's death, she said: ‘He is in heaven I know ; I do not believe as do these, my neighbors.’ She then said she would come to the womeri’s meeting in town and bring her husband’s two Moslem sisters, who said they, would come fpr their brother Abd el Masih’s sake. She promptly replied: ‘Do not say for Abd el Masih’s sake, but for the sake of the Lord,’ In spite of the fact that she is ill and crippled, she walked in to church, a forty-minute walk for one who is well and strong.” Mr. Reed emphasizes over and over again thè greatness of the need of the women and girls of Upper Egypt, and the wide open door of opportunity. He says, “The great need is for mis sionaries and women evangelists to present the way of. life to them in the simplest and most practical manner. The women reT member and repeat texts taught them by Miss Rena Hogg fiv

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

HAREM WORK.

BY MISS RENA L. HOGG.

Number of women receiving instruction in homes (harems) 3,840 Religions represented: Protestants ...... 950 Copts ...... _...... 2,000 Mohammedans ...... 700 O th e rs...... 190 3,840 Number of workers in homes, special: Women ...... 47 Men ...... 7 54 Number of Women’s Missionary Societies and Girls’ Societies ...... 38 Attendance at special prayer meetings for Women and Girls: Women ...... 3,399 Girls ...... 2,195 ------5,594 Membership in churches, women ...... 6,123 Attendance at Sabbath morning services ...... 9,95i Number of women and girls in Egypt under the influence of the Gospel, estimated ...... 15,000 Egypt— Educational Work. 105

EDUCATIONAL WOKK.

BY PROF. CHARLES P. RUSSELL.

The following report of the Educational work of the Mis sion is offered with deep thankfulness. There has been nothing extraordinary to report. School work has gone on as usual in spite of the war. The events of the past six months have glori ously rebuked our weak faith. At the outbreak of the war, and during its first months, it was feared on all hands that the severe financial strain would compel many, if not all, of the schools to close. Yet, on the contrary, the schools have been kept open, and in some cases we have excelled the record of last year. This is notably true of the Boys’ School of Alexandria. Assiut College though suffering somewhat in total attendance through falling off of the number of pupils in the Preparatory Department, and though crippled quite severely because of decreased income, yet rejoices in the fact that the College classes are the largest in its history. In all the Near East it is the only mission college that is not seriously handicapped by the war. It is cause for deep thankfulness that it has been permitted to continue its work un der almost normal conditions, while many other schools in this and neighboring lands of the East are seriously disorganized. It has not been without difficulty that our schools have been maintained at so high a standard. Tuitions have been collected in many cases with the utmost difficulty. Boys who formerly paid their tuition fees promptly in full at the beginning of the term, now find great hardship in managing to pay month by month. When it is considered that the main source of mission income from the field is the fees of the schools, the marvel of the success of the past year is all the more striking. It is gratifying to note the almost universal testimony to the fact that Moslem students are making no serious objection to the daily study of the Bible and attendance at chapel. It is but another sign of the times, of the dawn of a new day of oppor tunity in the conquest of Islam. Two events of special significance in the educational work of the Mission are the establishment of a special class in the Theological Seminary for lay evangelists, and the return of the Rev. A. A. Thompson to assume the duties of the Inspectorship of the schools of the Mission. In the spring of 1914 a complete reorganization of the work of the Synod’s Educational Committee was made; it was in creased from five to nine members. The four new members are io 6 Egypt— Educational Work. the chairmen of the Educational Committees of the four Pres byteries. By the action of Synod these committees are under the chairmanship of American missionaries. The new conditions place the Evangelical schools under the direct control of the mission aries much more definitely than they had been for a long time, and bring a correspondingly large responsibility upon our Mis sion. The General Educational Committee has made a thorough study of the schools, and has applied remedies for conditions which manifestly called for treatment. This has been especially in matters of better equipment for the schools, and more thor ough and extended religious instruction. It has called for re vision of the text-books used in the Primary Schools, and for re organization of the facilities for religious instruction, not only directly in classes, but in the general atmosphere of the instruc tion and character of the schools. Steps have been taken for the removal of teachers who are not as positively Christian as they should be, and replacing them by men of earnest evangelistic character. As the result of appointing American missionaries as chair men of the Presbyterial Committees, and the directions given by Synod that there should be more inspection of the schools by these committees, there has been a very much increased knowl edge of the local conditions of the schools on the part of those in control. It is expected that much better and more effective work may be accomplished by the Synod’s committee, working in coopera tion with Mr. A. A. Thompson, who now takes up his work as Inspector of the Mission schools.

BOYS’ SCHOOLS. Alexandria.— A letter from Rev. Mark S. Roy gives an in structive account of work which is undertaken by our city school in Alexandria. “Our enrolment has exceeded that of last year by fifteen per cent. We feared very much that there would be a heavy falling off in tuitions because of the war. These have been harder to gather, yet the added enrolment has brought in $2.50 more tuition than we received during the same period last year. “Twenty-five per cent, of our enrolment are Moslems. Last year, in our upper class the Moslems gave us no little trouble and anxiety and exerted a harmful influence during the latter part of the year. This year, more than fifty per cent, of the same class, which numbers twenty-eight, are Moslems, but of a quiet, obedient disposition. They do not manifest hostility to Bible teaching in their daily Bible lesson. Several of them are attend ing the Sabbath school regularly and have made intelligent in quiry about events in our Saviour’s life. Egypt— Educational Work. 107

“Seven young men completed the Commercial Course and received diplomas in June. Four of these were Moslems. The attendance in this department has fallen off this year because of the financial conditions, but we hope it will flourish in the future as the result of Great Britain’s declaration of a Protectorate. “The Sabbath school has kept pace with the day school. Seventy per cent, of the day pupils have been enrolled. “One of our teachers has gone through a trying experience. He was a Moslem, brought up in our school. Last spring he con fessed Christ and was baptized. His father gave his consent, and even chose the name for Christian baptism; but through the influence of Moslem friends, soon began a most heartless perse cution. To win back his boy, he called in sheikhs, who argued with him all night on several occasions, but to no avail. Finally he decided to kill him and bought a large knife for that purpose. The boy was compelled to leave home for the time and has had to do so several times since. It is a trying experience with no promise of a speedy termination, yet the boy does not falter in bearing his cross.” Zakasik.— Rev. Wm. R. Coventry had temporary charge of the schools of the Zakazik district during the absence of Mr. Hart, who was detained in America by the European war. He writes: “There are three village schools in this district Five have been closed since the last report. The three that are run ning are doing just about as last year. The most encouraging feature is the evangelistic side of the school work. There are regular preaching services in all of these schools on Sabbath, and in two of them there are week-night meetings. All of them have Sabbath schools. “The Central School at Zakazik is beset with vigorous com petition, but the preeminent success of the school in the Govern ment examination has no doubt given*it a good name. All of the boys from our school passed in this examination— a most en viable record.” Monsurah.— Falling receipts in tuitions and the consequent necessity of making changes in the teaching staff— the inevitable result of hard times— are difficulties which have faced Rev. S. A. Work in his district. But there is much cause for thankfulness. He reports: “We are very much gratified with the 'evangelistic tendency of our schools. Aga, which is two-thirds Moslem in its personnel of students, is the banner Sabbath school of the district, as every boy attends. The new head teacher there seems to have the knack of getting his boys out, and the religious les sons during the week are not opposed as they were last year. “Mit Ghamr has pretty hard times this year, as the Coptic School is working harder for boys. In former years they had all the boys they could manage and were turning them away, and those who were not accepted there would come to our school, but this year they take everybody who comes, and even accept io8 Egypt— Educational Work. them at lower tuition in order to get them. However, we have every reason to thank God and take courage.” Rev. J. W. Baird, who write’s of the Central School -for Boys at Monsurah notes a slight advance in school enrolment, so that the income from tuitions has been about normal. He says: “There has been a good spirit in the school among the teachers and this has been reflected among the pupils. Little or no resent ment has been manifest on the part of Moslem boys at the teach ing of the Bible and the gospel message of salvation through Christ. On the other hand, they have shown at times a surpris ing interest in the gospel message. The attendance has averaged about one hundred and thirty, of whom more than a third are Moslems. Our greatest need is for more zeal and earnestness on the part of all teachers in setting forth the gospel simply and directly, with the purpose of persuading the boys that Jesus is the only way of salvation, and for a greater endeavor to bring the boys to a definite decision. We invite earnest prayer to this end.” Tanta.— The report which comes from Rev. J. Howard Boyd, who has only recently taken charge of the schools of the Tanta district, reflects in miniature the needs, the struggles, and the victories of our whole Mission’s effort to reach Egypt through the schools. We quote two paragraphs from his report: “The religious instruction and meetings have continued with very apparent-results on the boys. Some of the Sabbath schools in connection with the day schools are most encouraging; and the night meetings, particularly in Bassium, have been fruitful, Through the efforts of the teacher, three have already confess ed Christ and others are now ready to join with us. This has had an influence on the school itself in strengthening the religious spirit, though somewhat decreasing the number of pupils. The new members have been persecuted through the influence of the Coptic priest. His example has also affected the Mohammedans in their attitude toward the school. They fear that their boys may be disaffected or even converted to Christianity. “The greatest need is for m&re careful superintendence and inspection. The School continues to be a powerful influence and the most direct instrument for evangelistic effort we have yet found for the Delta. I hope we will be able to maintain all we have— there are now six— and could wish to add two other primary schools to this number.” Benha.— The following notes from Rev. R. W. Walker on the work in and around Benha are brief, but they appeal force fully to one who loves the schools and appreciates their value to the work of the Mission. “The scarcity of money closed two Moslem schools in Ben ha, although one of them has opened again under a different management. Also, the study of English has been dropped from the course in some of the provincial schools, which has led some boys of rather well-to-do Moslems to come to our schools. So F a c u l t y a n d S t c p k n t s C a i k o T h k o i .oc.ic a i. S k m i n a k y . Egypt— Educational Work. 109

far as I can see there seems to be almost no opposition to the teaching of the Bible in the schools. The only difficulty is in the teacher, who is much afraid that he may offend the Moslems. “The use of the schoolhouse for preaching services, espe cially where Moslems attend the meetings, has more effect in keeping them from placing their boys in our schools. Here in Benha the boys seem to take more interest in the Bible lessons than usual, and ten of the larger boys have joined the C. E. So ciety. Five of them offered to assist the Evangelistic Committee in the distribution of tracts, and have been quite zealous in this. “When one sees the large, well-equipped buildings that are provided for the provincial schools and compares them with the poor buildings that are used by our schools, he feels that we might as well go out of the business, but anyone who has tried to work in a town without a school knows how difficult it is to get any foothold. Besides, the children are receptive and re sponsive, while preaching to the men is often like casting seed upon the beaten path.” Cairo.— The Cairo High School for Boys had on its roll at the end of 1914, 468 names; ninety-one of the pupils are of Mos lem parentage. The higher, or Secondary Department, is doing credit to the school in the high percentage of its pupils who have passed the examinations of the Government. The school is striving to hold itself together until it gets a chance, which it well deserves, to develop in larger building and better equipment. The energetic men who are working for the Christian Uni versity for Cairo have made a splendid beginning, and we trust that when the war is ended, our hopes for that institution shall be realized. Four young men, having completed the course of study last May, received the diploma of the Theological Seminary and have been licensed as preachers of the gospel. At the opening of the present session, five students were received into the Junior class. A most promising development of the work of the Seminary is the recently organized class for the training of lay preachers. These men, after two years’ study in this class, will be qualified for helping to open work in new stations, to carry on Sabbath schools, and to be used by pastors and missionaries in such work as they may be qualified to do,— work for which regular licenti ates are not available. Seventy volunteer applicants presented themselves for enrolment in this class. However, it was found that only eight of these were prepared to meet the required con ditions for entrance. These are a fine lot of young men, and de spite difficulties, are studying faithfully to prepare themselves for preaching the gospel. Beni Suef.— Rev. C. C. Adams, writing of the schools of the Beni Suef district, remarks that there remain but three schools in the district under the direct care of the Mission. Five years ago n o Egypt— Educational Work. there were nine. Three have been closed and three have been taken over as pastoral schools. The following observation upon the problems of the mission school as Mr. Adams sees them, is worthy of most serious reflection. “Although wonderful progress has been made in the educa tion of the youth, and the sentiment in favor of education is widely diffused, yet the real problem in the future development of the schools of the Evangelical Church is the maintainance of their place and standing in the face of the improved Government schools, and the Coptic and Catholic schools which have large religious endowments upon which to draw. The solution of this problem seems to lie in the direction of the awakening and edu cation of community pride and interest in their schools, that they may contribute more largely for their improvement and develop ment in every way. The Mission cannot contribute more than it does at present, because church funds now available do not per mit of larger contributions to the support of schools. The schools will be swallowed up in the general competition, or compelled to close their doors because of failure to comply with the growing educational demands. The situation is one that calls for no little wisdom, prayer, and persistent effort.” Faiyum.— One of our most interesting fields of work is the Faiyum. A letter from Rev. Neal McClanahan concerning our educational efforts there is worthy of extended quotation. “Writing from within the war zone, I find myself even while speaking of village schools, inclined to use martial expressions. While our boys’ schools have not retreated during the past year, while they still occupy the trench nearest to the enemy, yet their position has become more difficult. This is the result, not of an assault from the enemy, but rather because of shortage of sup plies of the weapons of warfare. In past years we economized and cut out all non-essentials. But this year, because of financial de pression throughout Egypt, the receipts from pupils decreased. We did the only thing possible to meet the deficit— we reduced teachers’ salaries. In this way we hope to be able to close the year with a clean balance sheet, but not very proud of ourselves. “The difficulty which we have felt with peculiar force this year has been growing gradually throughout the past few years. It is the result of the increasing number of Government schools. These we would welcome were they not like some schools in America— Bibleless. Only here, in place of having no religious instruction in such schools, the Koran is studied. Then, too, because of limited funds we cannot make improvements. That is, we cannot compete; consequently our schools are small and far from ideal. “While I have said all this by way of an indictment, yet were you to visit one of these schools and to hear the scholars recite verse after verse of the Bible, then plough through the cate chism, then hear them tell the story of Christ’s life, I am certain Egypt— Educational Work. i n that you would say we should thank God and take courage. While these schools are weak, yet they are, I believe, of the weak things with which God has promised to overcome the strong. “O f such schools we have twelve in the Faiyum district; Fai- yum, the largest, is the boys’ school in the city of Faiyum, which has an attendance of one hundred and forty. The smallest has an enrolment of twenty. The majority of the scholars are of Cop tic families, nominal Christians, but who, without the aid of our schools, would never know the essentials of morality, not to men tion Christianity. From among the pupils of such schools come the students of Assiut College and later the evangelists and min isters. “The supreme educational need of our district is, I believe, schools for girls. In a district of more than one hundred vil lages there are but four schools for girls, so that were the boys’ schools fulfilling their requirements, the problem of the uplift of Egypt would be but half met. Not even half met, for a home founded by an educated husband and an illiterate wife, is but a slight improvement over an entirely illiterate home. It is, as the physicians express it, a ‘field’ for discord. “The difficulty in opening girls’ schools is two-fold. So few realize the value of an education for girls that the income of such schools in villages is almost nothing. Then, too, it is diffi cult to find a home suitable for the accommodation of a girl teach er. The need for your prayers is self-evident.” Assiut.— The present year completes a half century of life for Assiut college. From a report for the year 1914, made by the college to the Mission, the following extracts are taken: “Of the three hundred and twenty-one graduates who have gone out from the College since its first class in 1873, one hun dred and four have entered the gospel ministry, fifty-nine are teachers, fourteen have entered the practice of medicine, thirty- six are Government officials, twenty-seven are business men, and thirty-four are at present in professional schools in Egypt or abroad. In addition to these, hundreds upon hundreds of young men have been provided enlightenment and education through the College, and so enabled to become more efficient in every avenue of public and private life. “The year 1914, completing the semi-centennial, has been a year of gratifying results. It has been a year of prosperity and blessing, whether one considers the spiritual and intellectual or material aspects of the College. First, we note the evident re sults in spiritual affairs. The following items are noteworthy and significant: “One hundred and fourteen students in the College united with the church upon profession of faith in Christ, during the year 1914. The average attendance at the voluntary students’ prayer meetings in the College on Tuesday evenings was one hun- 112 Egypt— Educational Work.

dred and forty-five, and in the Preparatory Department two hun dred and twenty, or a total of 65 per cent, of the students in the Boarding Department of the school. “There are one hundred and forty members in the Students’ Christian Union. This organization is now in its eighteenth year. There are one hundred and fifteen members in the Chris tian Endeavor Society in the Preparatory Department, organized in September, 1914. This new organization, through both its teacher and student members, has been a most lively factor in the spiritual and moral welfare of the Preparatory Department. Both these societies have had most earnest and fruitful activities during the past months. The Christian Union has continued to preach the gospel in some eighteen towns each Sabbath morning, carrying on personal work among the students, placing before the students the claims of the gospel ministry, and laboring for the propagation of young people’s activities and organizations throughout Egypt and the Sudan. “ The students and teachers gave $895 in voluntary contri- • butions at preaching services and Sabbath school during the year, in addition to financing entirely the local evangelistic work of the Christian Union, and the sending out of six of their own number as evangelists during the summer at an expense of $165. “There are seventy-two volunteers among the students at present for life service for the Master as preachers of the gos pel, teachers, or physicians. Four of our ablest young men in the class of 1914 entered the Theological Seminary, and one, or possibly two others from the class, will probably enter the Semi nary the coming autumn. Two have become teachers in our Mission schools. “Never have our students in daily religious lessons shown more interest in their work or more readiness to respond to the ideals set before them. Our teachers, Egyptian and American, have entered most earnestly into the work of leading the students to the Saviour. They have worked faithfully in the activities of the Christian Union and the Christian Endeavor, and have, through personal work, and in meetings and committees, put ‘first things first,’ and added greatly to the religious life of the community. “The year 1914 brought valuable improvements to the Col lege property. The double residence for members of the facul- ' ty, erected by funds loaned to the Board of Foreign Missions by the Women’s Board from the Parsonage Loan Fund, was com pleted in Aueaist. It provides most comfortable accommodations for two families. McCormick Hall, a dormitory provided through the generosity of Mrs. Cyrus McCormick, of Chicago, was. erected during 1914 at an expense of $20,000. It contains living accommodations for some one hundred and sixty students, the families of two Egyptian instructors, and quarters for three un married instructors. Egypt— Educational Work. ii3 “During the fall an investigation of the problem of how the aid granted to students was being apportioned, revealed the fact that out of the sum of $1,220 reduction allowed to poor students in the four College classes, all but $96 was granted to students who were planning to become preachers of the gospel or teach ers in our schools. Of these, there were seventy-two. The thor ough sifting of the candidates for this aid is enabling us to grant it where we are sure of the best results. “Six young men are enabled to continue their education in the College through the endowed scholarships. Two of these are provided by the Hon. Henry Wallace, of Des Moines, Iowa; one through the Wallace Kidd Scholarship; two through the Hugh McClenahan Scholarship, and one through the I. F. Moore Scholarship. Almost all of these men are preparing for the gospel ministry, and all for definite Christian service. It is im possible to estimate the value of these investments, which yield such fruitful returns from year to year. “We are deeply grateful for a gift of $1000 from a member of the Sixth Church, Pittsburgh, who is unknown to us. “The fiftieth anniversary of Assiut College finds it in a sound, hopeful condition. As has been said, it is quite beyond the experimental stage. • Having had to move three times since its founding in order to find large enough accommodations, it is now, we hope, upon a permanent site and on the way to the at tainment of increasing efficiency as the years come. If some additions in land adjacent to our present site can be secured, a dining hall, chapel, library, and infirmary be erected soon, the College will be equipped for its present needs. There remains then the question of endowment, which it is hoped may be met in an ample, comprehensive way by some one whom the Master may call to take this share in the work of the Kingdom.” Luxor.— A letter of characteristic hopefulness comes from Dr. H. E. Philips at Luxor. He says: “We have two or three new schools that are running without Mission help. In our Luxor school we have much that is encouraging. During the year eleven boys, either in the school or just out for one year, have made profession of their faith in Christ. We have in daily attendance three hundred pupils. We are fearfully crowded and have trouble collecting our tuitions, but we don’t like to turn boys away in these hard times. So many would be left without any chance if we refused them.”

REPORT OF THE KALIUB ORPHANAGE.

The number of boys in the Orphanage the past year was sixty, eight of them being Moslem and the rest Christian. Mr. Pennings, the superintendent, says, “The Lord has blessed the work during the year very much. There was an en couraging increase of the Christian spirit, and an earnest desire U 4 Egypt— Educational Work. and effort to be obedient, upright and faithful. Especially did the older boys show the sincerity of their profession of faith in the Saviour by their good example. During the last five months, seven of the boys became members of the Evangelical Church, and we do not doubt the reality of their faith in the Lord Jesus. “The health of the boys was generally good throughout the year. There were a few cases of serious sickness, and we re member gratefully the care and kindness they received in the C. M. S. Hospital in Old Cairo. “Fifty of our boys attend the Orphanage School, while one is now our second teacher. Two are in Assiut College and two in the American Mission School in Cairo. Two are learning to be blacksmiths and two are employed in an English store in Cairo. One other works in the Egypt General Mission Hospital at She- bin el Kanater. “The Lord kept his promises to us this year as in all the,, years before, sending us by his children $2912.90. The greater part of this came from our Egyptian friends. Our expenses for the year amounted to $2843.35. W e thank our Heavenly Father for his care. With such a Father, we are ready to enter the fu ture without fear, trusting Him to prove His care in providing for all our needs.”

GIRLS’ SCHOOLS.

BY MISS ALDA B. ATCHISON.

“Study to show thyself approved unto God, a workman— rightly dividing the word of truth,” is as truly the ideal of the educational as of the evangelistic missionary. Our purpose is the same in all departments of the work, namely, winning souls for the Master and the building of Christian character. No educa tional work is Christian unless it is evangelistic. Before reviewing the work minutely, let us use our imagi nation for a birds-eye view of the whole of Egypt, with the aid of Mr. Reed’s experience, while visiting the churches in Upper Egypt. “In regard to schools for girls in towns and villages, it is their fewness that impresses one, and the fact that the mass of the girls are growing up in ignorance and superstition. One cannot help but feel that if the Christian community is to exert the influence it should, more attention must be given to the edu cation of the girls in the Christian homes. On the other hand, one of the most hopeful signs is the influence of girls’ schools in a few of the small towns. They mean better lives, better homes, better towns and a better Egypt. In a certain town visit ed while on the boat, we came across a girls’ school in which there were nearly one hundred pupils. As we looked at the bright faces, listened to the beautiful songs of praise, noticed Egypt— Educational Work.

their ability to read and study, and realized that the teaching given would ennoble their lives and enthrone the Christ within, our hearts were filled with joy. But this joy was overshadowed by the vision of hundreds of towns which have no such opportunity for the elevation of their girls. The whole status of society seems to be elevated by this school. The women and girls in the church there conduct a flourishing Christian Endeavor Society under the efficient superintendence of the pastor’s wife. Nor is this because the town is in contact with the influences of civilization, for it is quite a distance from the railroad, but because of the presence of an earnest pastor and his wife, who deny themselves and put forth every effort to help the people.”

Primary Schools.

Two of the four schools in this group are rejoicing over more suitable buildings. Miss Cabeen says that the Karmuz School in Alexandria has taken on new life in its new sur roundings, and the attendance is greatly increased. A new fea ture in this quarter is a Junior Missionary Society, and the mem bers are seeking ways to earn their own money for their con tributions and thank-offering. The girls have manifested a deep er interest in Bible study and the older ones meet regularly for their prayer circle. While none of these younger girls have tak en a decisive step for the Master, there is evidence that the Spirit is working in their hearts. The Kafr el Ashari School in Alexandria met some rivalry at the beginning of the year, in the opening of a Mohammedan school nearby. Notwithstanding the greater attractions offered in equipment and spacious playgrounds, as compared with a 7 by 9 ft. hall in the Mission school, all but nine chose to return to us. The valuable services of a head teacher from the Reformed Presbyterian Mission in Syria have been available because of the war. Miss Mason testifies to much personal joy in taking up the work in this school. Miss Margaret Smith expresses the hearty appreciation of the Fowler Orphanage for its change of location. After eight years of prayer and house-hunting it has been moved from an unsanitary rented house in the Shubra quarter of Cairo, to a comfortable, airy home of their own in the Abbassiyeh district. The day pupils and friends in Shubra were of necessity left behind, and their places are gradually being filled, though the out side pupils number only twenty-five as yet. During the year four of the orphan girls and the two teachers who had not made pub lic profession joined the church. There are fifty-five children in the orphanage, the number having been increased a shorty time ago by six Jewish refugees from Palestine. They were in an American school in Jerusalem, but because of war conditions, Miss Parsons, the head of the school, was obliged to bring them ii6 Egypt— Educational Work.

to Egypt, while she went on to America. They had received good Christian training and one of them wishes to be baptized. The orphanage has been a refuge to some needy ones other than orphan children. A young girl who was a Moslem con vert was sheltered for two months, and several others for a short time during the summer. A poor Syrian woman who was about to become a Moslem was brought in a starving condition with her two-year-old boy in July. Some Moslems had offered her the inducement of money and a husband, but, according to Egyptian law, the judge had in formed our native pastor, as representative of the religious sect in her district, whose right it was to try to persuade her from taking the final step. She has been a trial, but a change has taken place in her life, and it is hoped that she may become a true follower of Christ. Each of these schools is an evangelistic center for the dis trict, where m-ore than one meeting is held weekly.

Intermediate Schools. Three of these schools have undergone a change in superin tendence, due in two cases to the marriage of the Misses McClen- ahan and Kerr. Their service has been most valuable and is greatly appreciated. On the day of Miss Nellie Smith’s introduction to the head ship of the Haret el Yahud School (Alexandria), at the begin ning of July, the school servant was stricken with plague, thus necessitating a longer summer vacation than usual. It was fear ed that the enrolment would be reduced upon reopening, but the school has kept up its record, both as to attendance and finances. A class of ten girls completed the prescribed course, half o,tf whom are continuing the more advanced work in the Central School. One pupil joined the church and others give evidence by their earnestness in prayer that they are being drawn to the Saviour. The Benha school has for years had a hard struggle to hold its own, but Miss Downie reports the dawning of brighter days. The enrolment has reached sixty-five and as these girls carry away the impress of Christian instruction from school and Sab bath school, there is much to encourage our efforts. Beni Suef reports the not unusual condition of too many pupils, despite the presence of three or four other schools nearby. More than three-fourths of these girls attend Sabbath school, and doubtless this explains their loyalty. Miss Hammond writes that several of the pupils wish to unite with the church, but their parents are still unwilling. The teachers make many visits in the homes, and are always ready with the Word and prayer at mournings or wherever they find opportunity to give the message. The Haret es Sakkain School, which has the distinction of being the first opened by our Mission in Cairo, is truly Egyptian Egypt— Educational Work. li 7 in its constituency, for only three of the two hundred and nine pupils are of foreign extraction. It is largely benevolent, for sixty pupils are received without tuition, and very few pay in full. The property is no longer either suitable or sanitary, and such conditions hinder progress. Miss McConaughy reports an additional church member from this school and others who are asking to be received. The Faggalah and Kullali Schools are the largest day schools in Cairo, there being seven hundred children enrolled in the two. Miss Thompson finds it cheering to see in the former the real interest of the pupils in their lessons, prayer-meetings, etc., while in school and their continued attendance at the Sabbath services after leaving school. During vacation, they have made many visits among poor people, and one has visited the women in the Coptic hospital once a week. One of the little Moslem girls from the school has been asked by her Coptic neighbors to pray with them, as she knows the Lord’s Prayer. A former pupil who is now a Bible woman, was offered more than double the salary paid her by the Mission if she would teach for the Copts in their homes, but she refused, saying she had been taught by the Americans. A Mohammedan grocer remarked that if all Christians were like her, all Moslems would become Christians. The Kullali School is sacrificing its large playground for the sake of the development of the church, and the erection of a new church building. In order to economize, the teaching staff had to be reduced from ten to eight, but the number of pupils has re mained the same. Three large primary classes are seated in the chapel on long benches without desks. Fortunately the chapel has a solid wall built up in the center extending to the pulpit', separating the women’s audience room from the men’s, else it would be impossible to teach so many. Miss Barnes questions the advisability of such crowding, but is too conscious of the soul value of each child to turn any away. However, when the new church is completed she hopes that the chapel may be converted into something more suitable. The Khayatt School in Assiut is deserving of special men tion for historical reasons. It dates back to the year 1865, when two girls presented themselves at the first Mission house in Assiut to enter upon the unexplored mysteries of a school education. When Miss McKown’s little school had outgrown its narrow bounds, another building was procured in the center of the town, Mr. Wasif Khayatt, a leading church member, undertaking all financial responsibility. Before his death he settled upon it a sufficient endowment for its support, and yet left the Mission free to supervise it at will, and to use it for the advancement of the Kingdom. It is distinctively the school of the poor, a third of the three hundred pupils receiving free education. Miss Rena Hogg and Miss Williams have gratefully watched the spirit of the schocd under their influence grow more wholesome, happy, and ii8 Egypt— Educational Work. aggressively Christian. The teachers meet every morning for special prayer for individual pupils in whom they are interested. The lives of some of these pupils have been changed so striking ly that the belief in prevailing prayer is growing stronger. Four pupils have been received into the church, and others who are truly following Christ would enter if -they could win the consent of their parents.

Second Grade Schools. During the past year the Faiyum School has surrendered its entire teaching staff to a kaleidoscopic procession of bride grooms. They have left one at a time, thus causing a constant change of teachers and an interrupted year. The loss has not been without compensation, however, for the new teachers are more spiritually minded. Miss Hammond, who has had to di vide her time between the widely separated schools in Faiyum and Beni Suef, feels that a missionary could well devote her en tire time to the Faiyum School. The attractive new buildings of a neighboring Catholic school have been too alluring for the wealthy girls, and it is not surprising that the fathers, who have traveled in Europe, should choose a modern, sanitary and well- equipped school for their daughters. During 1914 our school has furnished five teachers for our Protestant schools. Through out its history, it has been the means of winning many souls to Christ in the Protestant church, and of breaking down prejudice in many homes, so that the women from these, too, are receiving daily Bible teaching. From the Zakazik School we learn that there is a slow, steady growth in the appreciation of what a school is really for. More regular attendance and comparatively few punishments are among the outward proofs. A group of Coptic girls, by a dis play of angry passions, prove no small hindrance to winning the Moslem girls to Christianity. Miss French says, “When I see our girls’ outlook on life change, their spiritual vision grow, their prejudices weaken or slip away, and when I enter the neat homes of my ‘married children,’ I cannot feel that it is in vain. But we are still in the sowing time here; the harvest has scarcely begun.” By the homegoing of both Miss Bell and Miss Dickey, the Monsurah School has been left without an official head, but the other missionaries in the station are giving it the attention and superintendence needed to keep it running on “stored-up mis sionary energy” until Miss Bell’s return. The Tanta School is eagerly looking forward to its new home provided by the kind gifts of the women of the Church in America. The usual earnest Bible instruction has been given with the result that three pupils have joined the church, and three others are ready to make an open profession of faith soon. Egypt— Educational Work. 119

There is a desire among the older girls to do evangelistic work, and Miss Sadie Thompson and others have been the means of leading them out in various ways. Two girls have been sent from Tanta to the Assiut Boarding School to complete the high er course of study and prepare for special Christian work. Of the last year’s graduating class one is teaching, and the others are filling places of influence and usefulness in their homes.

First Grade Schools. Two of the first grade schools are looking forward to the development of courses in normal training in the near future. All are most productive of Christian workers, either teachers or Bible women. The Luxor School has sent out three graduates as Bible women, in addition to the sixteen who have become teach ers. The Central School in Alexandria provides some special instruction in kindergarten work, which gives the older girls an appreciation of young children, taking away the once prevalent idea that it was undignified to teach little ones. The Cairo Girls’ Boarding School graduated a class of thir teen in June, several of whom are now teaching. One of the number, a Moslem girl asking for baptism, is teaching in her Alma Mater and giving good service. She will be of age in a few months, when she will be at liberty to make her life’s decision. Two of a class of seven graduating from the Pressly Memo rial Institute in Assiut had each had a year’s experience in teaching, and good positions were awaiting them. Two others were eager to teach, but their parents were unwilling. The wealthiest and the poorest were represented in this class, and they went out of school as sisters, conscious of the great respon sibility resting upon them, and eager to brighten the homes from which they came. All were earnest Christians and active mem bers of the Volunteer Band— just such young women as the schools of America are proud of. Nor are we alone in our appreciation of their superior at tainments, for upon the occasion of their commencement, the Governor of the province said that he was glad to be their ruler. The three schools in this class from the apex of the Delta southward report thirty-five new church members, the largest number being in Assiut, where the patrons are more largely' Protestant. Luxor School is the only one of these which has experienced numerical loss, the cause being two-fold: the war, and the open ing of three small day schools, which, by under-bidding in tui tion fees to the amount of five cents a month, enticed away a number of the very little girls. While Miss Ferrier does not boast of the income from patrons, she has much to encourage in the quality of work done in the school. It is indeed hard to estimate the extent of the influence of the Luxor girls as they 120 Egypt— Educational Work. go forth into their homes or schools in Egypt and on up to the Sudan. The early opening of the Assiut School in August was of de cided advantage this year, in that the fathers had not a long period to weigh war problems. The Misses Work and Criswell report the highest enrolment in the history of the Assiut School. They are likewise convinced of an increased appreciation of the education of girls, since they have seen the men of Egypt will ing to make sacrifices for the education of their daughters, as well as their sons. There has been an increasing demand for Normal Training and Domestic Economy, which these superin tendents are trying to satisfy. They feel that the year has been one of the best in the matter of efficiency, which was partly due to the fact that there were no changes in the teaching staff at the opening of the year. Later, Miss Taylor was obliged to give up her work on account of sickness. Her devotion, thoroughness, and adaptability were qualities which will make her place hard to fill. Miss Martin tells us that her year in the Boarding School in Cairo has been a quiet one, but of solid character, with marked advancement in self-control, politeness and the thoughtfulness of the girls for one another. The higher classes of the school are a little larger, but the slight falling off of younger girls who have been placed in cheaper schools, leaves the total enrolment un changed. The Sabbath school is well attended. It is unusual for less than two-thirds of the girls in the day school to be present. A total of two hundred and fifty dollars speaks well for the lib erality of their gifts. Miss Walker, of Alexandria, reports the adding of another year to the Course of study, thereby raising the standard to that prescribed by the Mission for the Central School. Miss Ecroyd, of the Friends’ Mission, in Syria, gave valuable assistance for some weeks, after being obliged to leave her post of duty. Al exandria is particularly noted for its progressiveness during1 “wars and rumors of wars.” Many patrons showed their confi dence in the missionaries by asking if they and their children might be sheltered in the school in case war broke out here. A new pupil persisted for some time in rejecting the Bible because the school “did not teach the Virgin Mary,” but it was interesting later to see tradition give way to Bible truth. Visits to homes of superstitious ignorance and uncleanliness have given the work ers a longing to lift out the children and transfer them to their own home, and give them a chance to begin life anew. Without a boarding department, this is impossible. Surely their longing to do this work in Alexandria, which the sister schools of this group are now enabled to do, merits our interest and sympathy. Egypt— Educational Work. 121

THE GIRLS’ COLLEGE.

The following report is furnished by the Misses Atchison and Pattison. The college is rejoicing over the speedy recovery of Miss Buchanan, who returned to her work early in the year. The term differed widely in its beginning and ending. Dur ing the first half, the problem was— how to weigh with discretion the demands of patrons for expansion; but during the second half, war so affected the finances of these patrons that the re verse confronted us— how to contract sufficiently to live on our reduced income, and yet retain the confidence of the public by keeping up our standards. While both demands were made upon us, we can not boast of unqualified success in meeting either. The enrolment of the boarding department decreased fifty per cent., and that of the day school thirty per cent. Nor was it our wealthiest patrons who stood by us. It was rather those who had learned to appreciate education for its true value, who were willing to sacrifice some comforts for the sake of the future wel fare of their children. The teaching staff has been correspond ingly reduced, but not wholly by our own planning. At the open ing of the school the Heavenly Father called unto Himself Mrs. Hind Ammun, who was not only invaluable to the school in which she had been trained, but who had won for herself promi nence in the educational world o f Egypt. She came of educated Syrian parentage, her father being a well-to-do and influential lawyer. She was graduated from the Cairo Girls’ Boarding School while quite young, and soon after married. After a little over a year of married life she lost her husband and was left with a little baby girl to care for. Her keen, wide-awake mind thirsted for more knowledge, and as soon as the college course of study was mapped out, she asked to take it, and entered upon it with great zest, eagerly devouring every subject. A great need for a true Egyptian History had long been felt, and Mrs. Hind, inspired by her teacher, set herself the difficult task of preparing it. She succeeded so well that her book was accepted by the Ministry of Education for use in the Government Schools. It was requested, however, that her name on the title page be changed to that of a man, as it would be humiliating to the gov ernment to accept a book written by a woman, especially a Chris tian woman. Her reply to the Minister of Education well illus trates her character: “But I am a woman,” she said, “and I am a Christian, and a teacher in a Christian school, and I wish all three facts to appear on the title page.” And her wish was car ried out. The strength of her character was equaled by its beauty and sweetness. Her place in the college and in our hearts remains unfilled. May another of like character be raised up. Four of our American teachers, too, are greatly missed. The Misses Agnes Young and Florence Hutchinson, having com pleted their three-year term, returned to the homeland. Their 122 Egypt— Educational Work. successors, the Misses Mueller and Erickson, unfortunately were caught in the meshes of the war in Germany and unwillingly de tained, until the one refuge for them was America. The remain ing teachers returned from Syria and Europe as sailings per mitted. We are thankful for them each one and their willing ness to share the burdens of these difficult days. The total enrolment for the year is three hundred and forty-seven, but the actual attendance since September has scarcely risen above two hundred. Out of this number, the proportions of Moslems, Copts, etc., have remained almost the same as in former years. By the entrance of five Bahaists, one new religion has been added to our dozen varieties. A former report told of the presence in the school of the daughters of the guardian of the Sacred Carpet on the pilgrim age to Mecca. In addition to these girls we now have the daughters and niece of his successor, appointed last year. It is an interesting fact that after the pilgrimage, the next step was this Mission school, in each case. Girls who have received the Government Primary Certifi cate in other schools are being attracted to the college for higher education. Two have come from the government school, and one from a Coptic school this year. As time goes on even greater numbers may be expected if the advanced work provided by the government continues to be limited to a course for teacher train ing only. Two girls received the college diploma in May. One of these, the daughter of the editor of the best Arabic daily in Egypt, is continuing her studies in Cheltenham College, England. Eleven most promising girls were given certificates at the end of the freshman year. Six of these are now continuing the college course. The increasing number of Coptic and Moslem girls in the advanced years is most encouraging. During two weeks in the early part of the year we had with us the Rev. Mr. Boyd and Miss Rena Hogg for a series of meet ings, and the school enjoyed rich blessing. Results of such spiritual quickening cannot be reported in numbers. Many who long to follow their convictions have not the freedom to do so, but two dear girls openly took the Christian vows and one, whose father was a Mohammedan, was baptized. The Christian activities of the college may be understood somewhat by several outstanding features. The thank-offering, amounting to $200, was the banner offering in the history of the college. Almost as much more was contributed in Sabbath school and Christian En deavor. The usual Christmas treat was provided for our sisters in the Fowler Orphanage. Christmas cards, beautifully decor ated and neatly inscribed with Scripture texts, were distributed through Red Cross helpers to the lonely sick in military hospitals. Six volunteers from the Sabbath school go on Sabbath mornings Egypt— Educational Work. 123

to teach the lesson in a Coptic school for poor girls. Others con duct neighborhood Sabbath schools, read to the blind, etc. The Pocket Testament League has taken hold upon the girls, older and younger, in a remarkable way. The movement has given popularity to the more frequent reading of the Bible, and afforded the girls an opportunity for personal work and almsgiv ing. More than 1,000 New Testaments in seven different lan guages and almost 1,000 separate gospels in English have been purchased from the Bible Society for personal use or distribu tion. As these were not provided with pledge cards, the printing was done locally, and Moslems, Jews, Bahaists, Copts, Catholics and Protestants asked for the privilege of pasting pledge cards in the Testaments. All except the first named contributed money to be used in the distribution of gospels by our mission aries among the British troops. The results of this bit of work extend farther than this limited report can indicate, for souls have been born anew and lives dedicated to the Master’s service. The initial steps which have been taken to secure the much- needed endowment for the Girls’ College is one of the encourage ments of the year, and we trust that it will soon be secured, thus providing for the real development of this institution, which has been so wonderfully blessed of God in its history thus far. CONCLUSION. In conclusion I shall attempt to present no other appeal than the following extract from one of the individual reports, with the hope that the intensely human touch will enlist your earnest, prayerful sympathies in behalf of the laborers as they represent you here in Egypt. The occasion is a customary gathering of the pupils in the Khayatt school, for prayer on a Friday morning. “It is some times quite touching to hear the little ones pray, and as one lis tens, it seems that the blessing of Heaven is descending upon us all. Yet the connection between religion and life’s common tasks is not always grasped, and the missionary was startled one Mon day to learn that the little class, whose devotions on Friday had brought a warm glow to her heart, two hours later, under some slight provocation, had clubbed together to punish their teacher by leaving their Scripture lesson for Monday unstudied! “Such disappointments are not infrequent, and we are never tempted to imagine that we have already attained or are nearly perfect. We have just enough of success to keep our courage up, and our greatest trials are not such disappointments, whether in pupils or in staff, but in our inability to respond to just claims of the schools to plan and carry out improvements, and to make it as effective a means as it might become for the salvation of souls and the advancement of the Kingdom ” 124 • Egypt— Educational Work.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

EDUCATIONAL WORK.

BY REV. J. H. BOYD.

Number of schools: For girls ...... 46 F o r . boys ...... iso — ----- 196 Number of teachers (other than missionaries in charge) : W o m e n ...... 187 Girls ...... 363 ------550 Number of pupils: Girls ...... 5,188 Boys ...... 10,539 ------15,727 Number of pupils paying tuition in whole or p art ...... 13,876 Number of pupils free tuition ...... 1,851 ------*5.727 Number of schools directly under care of missionaries ... 27 Number of schools in out-stations ...... 169 ------196 Grade of schools: Theological Seminary ...... 1 Colleges, Assiut (for men), Cairo (for girls) ...... 2 Girls’ Boarding Schools ...... 4 Preparatory Schools ...... 189 ------i96 Religion of pupils: . Protestants ...... 4,209 Copts ...... 8,497 Moslems ...... 2,175 Others ...... 846 • ------15,727 Nationality of pupils: Egyptians ...... 14,922 Others ...... 805 ------15,727 Receipts: From native sources, tuition, boarding fees, etc...... $110,518 Donations, endowments and miscellaneous ...... 7,362 Mission treasury ...... 41,842 Expenses—Total for all educational work ...... -...... $159,722 L a b o r a t o r y , A s s i u t C o l l e g e . SUMMARY OF EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS, EGYPT MISSION, 1914.

A— Schools Under Mission’s Care.

Nation KECEIPT5. EXPENDITURES ENROLMENT RELIGION. ality.

SCHOOLS i * ■2CS « FOR MEN AND BOYS: Theological Seminary, Cairo ...... 21 21 21 $100 $865 $2211 $1186 $105f «819 $262 $118« Training College, Assiut ...... 116 757 645 748 $9340 $14380 $23720 344 $208 9183 33455 13470 14746 5289 33455 High School, Cniro ...... 468 468 423 428 4680 4680 666 5346 4993 353 5346 Benha, Day School ...... 157 167 145 155 1098 1098 481 1(57» 1404 175 1579 Z&kazik, Day School ...... 135 135 125 135 873 873 1455 2347 2209 138 2347 Monsurah, Day School . . . j ...... 143 143 126 128 779 778 1088 1907 1719 115 1907 Alexandria, Day School ...... 307 307 293 2768 2768 100 1700 4568 8960 018 4568 Luxor. Day School „ ...... 344 344 338 1500 1500 650 2150 2940 110 J2150 K>TAI* for Young Men and Boys, under Mission's care ...... 2332 641 1691 2332 . . . . 1981 351 700 1099 359 174 2246 86 21038 14380 35418 200 1268 52538 29963 15565 7010 52538 TOR WOMEN AND G tR LS: College for Girls, Cairo ...... 347 304 347 2451 8412 9050 17402 404 18768 8449 6387 3932 Preml» Memorial Institute, A&siut. 338 212 319 Ü21 3578 3448 7026 734 463 10205 6922 8135 1148 Hrijaldyah Boarding and Day School, Otfro ...... 268 217 224 201 1691 1618 3309 1964 5554 87661 1633 1551 Tanta, Boarding and Day School... 205 194 199 168 1037 850 1887 1750 3637 1467 937 1233 Luxor, Boarding and Day School---- 202 154 133 202 633 1616 2249 831 2246 5363 2564 1617 1182 Fowler Orphanage, Cairo ...... 89 45 45 71 109 109 1897 121 2127 672| 1334 121 Haret-Bs-Sakkain Day Schoi 1. Cairo. 209 209 149 206 446 446 655 1101 941 160 X'aggalah Day School, Cairo...... 359 359 241 300 918 918 707 1711 1417, 294 Biflak Day School. Cairo ...... 337 337 283 337 1042 1042 702 1834 1553 281 Faiyum, Day School, el-Madinet__ 172! 172 151 168 375 375 732 1107 994 113 Benha. Day School ...... G2 62 59 54 189 189 275 464 288 176 Eakazik. Day School ...... 249 249 217 232 770 770 93 457 1320 1231 89 Kafr Hukama Day School, Zakazik.. 64 64 60 64 52 52 108 160 104 56 Moosurah, Day School ...... 92 92 79 83 541 541 593 1285 805, 480 Haret-el-Yahu

ÎRÔIIMSIK9 32411 9709!....I 97091 7900|....| 88631 8461 |2995|5362|lí¡14|13S|l V 8»Z| 1ST | ¿Binai I TóñTH^m7~ssñÍi1 S727I 964ll47fi3llÖ^l5188ll3876|1851||4209!8497|2175|846||14922| 805 | 71296|$31044|102340|$5222|$1852|$288_ TOTAL, Schools. 1914 81564II16547! 1016115531! 1099315554113689128581 |4328|8884[2441|894||15534U013 I GS385I 34390|1027751 54891 2165| 8391 165521-404291 H>S249j 1085301$328S TOTAL" Schools. 1913

Note : There were 340 small buys in Girls’ Schools and 488 girls in Boys’ Schools. Egypt— Book Department. 12 7

BOOK DEPARTMENT.

BY THE REV. JOHN GIFFEN, D.D.

The stream of literature, flowing out from the American Mission over the land of Egypt has broadened and deepened continually, from the very small beginnings sixty years ago to the present day. For the first three decades of these three score years it flowed through a single channel, though gathered, like the Nile, from different sources. The American Bible Society, the British and Foreign Bible Society, the American Tract So ciety, the London Tract Society all used it to enrich Egypt. The Mission Press at Beirut soon found that a great part of all that it published of religious literature, and for a time of Arabic edu cational books, went to the American Mission in Egypt, and the Press was kept in most interested expectation of the orders from Egypt. During thirty years or more the colporteurs carried in their saddle-bags on their donkeys’ backs, Bibles, catechisms, “Line Upon Line,” “Pilgrim’s Progress,” etc., and also school books. These last answered the double purpose of supplying the small schools which were being established through the Valley as well as furnishing the seller a convenient means of beginning negotia tions with his prospective purchasers. These colporteurs had but little education, but they studied their Bibles and catechisms well, and many of them developed wonderful power in telling the Gos pel story. Groups of men would gather around them, especially in the evenings, and these gatherings often developed into regu lar meetings for the study of the Word, and these into preaching stations, and finally into congregations and churches. In the process, a school was often one of the steps. From this the im portance of the colporteur in the earliest work of the Mission is easily seen. All honor to those men who did that hard work on small salaries. Many of them are now enjoying their full reward, at the hand of Him who never sends any to warfare at their own charges, and abundantly rewards His faithful servants. At last the distribution of the Scriptures became so great a work that the Bible Societies persuaded the Mission to agree that they should ha\re their own special agents for that part of the work. Each society has now its own agent for carrying on the work. The field has been divided among them. However, the field still belongs to the Mission, as it not only prepares the ground for the work of the other societies, but all our shops are Bible depots, and missionaries have a share in the work. There is still the closest kind of cooperation, and mutual helpfulness. 128 Egypt— Book Department.

In the year when the Mission was celebrating its semi-cen tennial, workers arrived on the field to open another channel for the distribution of religious literature. In earlier years much of the printing was done on a small press owned by the Mission. But the difficulty experienced by us in working the press, coupled with the fact that printing could be done so cheaply outside, led us to abandon the attempt to do our own work. This fact led to the establishment of the Nile Mission Press, which celebrated its tenth anniversary a few days ago. To make its work a suc cess as an agency for the distribution of religious literature, it had to seek the cooperation of the American Mission and the other missions which in the meantime had been established since the occupation of the country by Great Britain. The advantage seemed to be mutual, and “The Nile Valley Joint Colportage Committee” was organized. The committee has representatives from the American Mis sion, the Church Missionary Society and the Egypt General Mission, as well as from the Nile Mission Press itself. Mr. C. S. Bell, of our Mission, is its chairman, and Mr. A. T. Upson, the Superintendent of the Press, is the director of its work. The interdenominational character of this committee will at once be noted. Our American Mission represents Presbyterian doctrine and polity. The Church Missionary Society represents what is Episcopal, and the Egypt General Mission is itself inter denominational. As the director of the work has remarked, “Our colporteurs carry the Psalter of the U. P. Mission, and the Book of Common Prayer of the C. M. S., and nobody has so far found any difficulty in that.” Of the fourteen colporteurs employed by the committee, twelve are actually members of our own Church, and one of the others, who is employed in the Menuf district, under the C. M. S. Mission, is counted as a “Plymouth Brother.” Mr. Upson further tells us that his recent trip through Upper Egypt to visit the colporteurs ended in his accepting an invitation to visit also the churches of our Middle Egypt Presby tery. Out of thirty-seven Arabic addresses delivered in the interests of the work during that month, thirty-six were in our United Presbyterian churches, and the remaining one was in a Coptic church, through the mediation of our missionary in that field. From this remark it is easily seen how close is the relation of the work done by the Nile Mission Press to that of our own mission. The same sort of relation exists between our Mission and the two large Bible Societies already mentioned. Scarcely differ ent is the relation between our Mission and the Egypt General Mission in the department of direct evangelistic work. None of these agencies aims at the organization of converts. That is left to the existing organizations. As our United Presbyterian Synod of the Nile is the only Evangelical Church which spreads over Egypt— Book Department. 129

the whole Valley, they are all helpers to it, as we trust all are

helpers together with the Master in establishing His Kingdom. This report will close with a few facts and figures showing what each of these agencies has been doing. The Mission, aside from a few tracts published by the Cairo branch of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, and it may be a few other tracts, has only published this year, an edition of a part of the‘new Arabic Psalter, for use by our church in its worship. This has been the work of a committee appointed by the Synod, of which Dr. Alexander is chairman. He and Miss A. Y. Thompson have done yeoman work on this Psalter. It has done much to lead the Egyptian members of the large commit tee of pastors who have done the versifying and the setting of the music, really to appreciate the beauty, adaptation and divine worth of the Psalter as a praise book for the Church. The ver sion is considered much simpler, and altogether more popular than any of the former versions the Church in Egypt has had. Mr. Bell, who superintends our Book Department, says of this, “-The satisfaction of the Egyptian Church is manifested by the fact that the little booklet, containing the first fifty psalms which was placed on sale last July, has been sold with extreme rapidity. In fact at this writing (February 9, 1915), the entire edition of fifteen thousand copies has all been distributed, at a price just sufficient to cover the cost of printing and binding.” According to the precedent established by the authority of the late Dr. William Gibson and the Board of Foreign Missions, the expense of preparing this version has been paid out of the in come of the “Dr. William Gibson Trust Fund.” The. distribution of free copies of Scripture volumes at the expense of this fund the past year has been as follows: Testaments ...... 120 Portions ...... 877 Bibles ...... 654 Psalms and selections ...... 2,326 Total number of volumes ...... 3.977 Through our book-shops we sold during the year ending November 30, 1914, as follows: Religious books (other than Scriptures) ...... 15.832 Educational books ...... 27,716 Total number of volumes ...... 43.548 These 43,548 volumes, together with stationery, were sold for $8,933.01. The number of shopmen, including the general storekeeper and his helper, is nine. The total expense of the shops was $2,932.18. The Scriptures distributed through our shops and through colporteurs receiving supplies from the shops and reporting to them, during the past year, were as follows: 130 Egypt— Book Department.

1. On account of the British and Foreign Bible Society: Volumes Value (1) By Colporteurs ...... 9,616 $466.92 (2) By shops ...... 792 106.08

10,408 $573-00 2. On account of the American Bible Society: Volumes Value By Colporteurs and shops ...... 32,336 $3,662.10

O f the volumes sold by the latter society, 28,878 were in the Arabic language, 1,640 in English, while thirteen different lan guages are represented in the other 1,818 volumes. The following notes concerning the Nile Mission Press are culled from the address of its Superintendent, Mr. A. T. Upson, at the recent decennial anniversary:— “In nine years and ten months the Press has issued 520,000 books, tracts and leaflets, all of them religious. These are equiva lent to about 83,000,000 pages. O f these, about 13,000,000 have been put out in the past ten months, during which the Press has been in the new property, at 37 Manakh street, Cairo, secured largely through the generosity of American friends, at the solici tation of Dr.S. M. Zwemer. To Dr. Zwemer the Press owes much, as he is one of its principal literary contributors, who throws his engine-energies into its whole work.”

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

BOOK DEPARTMENT.

BY THE REV. W. R. WALKER.

1914- Volumes Receipts American Bible Society ...... 32,336 $3,662 British and Foreign Bible Society ...... 10,408 573

Total Scriptures ...... 42,744 $4,235 Religious Books ...... 15.832 ----- Educational Books ...... 27,716 8,933 Stationery ......

Total ...... 86,292 $13,168 1913. Volumes Receipts American Bible Society ...... 37,3*1 $4,186 British and Foreign Bible Society ...... 67,010 5,287

Total Scriptures ...... 104,321 $9,473 Religious Books—By Mission ...... 11,404 1,244 By Joint Colportage Committee 32,400 2,561 Educational Books ...... 29,009 5,457 Stationery ...... 2,327

Total ...... 177,134 $21,062 Egypt— Medical Work.

MEDICAL WORK.

MEDICAL WORK A T ASSIUT.

BY DR. H . L. FIN LEY .

The year 1914 will pass into history as an epoch-making year as touching the political conditions of Europe and parts of Africa and Asia. A glance at our statistics will show that dur ing the first six months of the year our hospital work seemed to be entering on a new era. During that time 1,976 patients were received, this being 558 more than were received during the same period of 1913; and 442 more than in the first six months of 1912. In spite of the fact that only 684 patients entered the hos pital during the last five months, the year 1914 exceeded the year I9I3 by two patients, and was only 41 patients short of 1912. Had we been able to accept free patients, we could have kept the wards full to overflowing, and have closed the year with nearly one thousand more patients than had ever entered the hospital in a single year before. Even during the most stringent times, we have accepted a few free- patients. The Lord probably sent us these indigent ones who were so ill, to try our faith. The number of patients entering the hospital during the month of May was greater than any previous month in the his tory of the institution. June exceeded May, and July was still better than June, when we received 376 patients, or more than twelve new patients daily. This was the year for Dr. Moore’s mid-term furlough. He decided to go to Vienna for three months’ post graduate work, Mrs. Moore and baby Isabel remaining in Egypt. Dr. Moore was not settled at his work when he was recalled by the serious ill ness of his wife. At first it was thought she was suffering from cerebro-spinal fever, but it developed into a severe form of ty phoid. For weeks she lay in the German hospital, Cairo, hovering between life and death, and finally made a splendid re covery. Thanks be to His great and holy name, the Lord heard and answered our prayers according to our desires. Dr. A. W. Pollock came up to help us during May and June while Drs. Henry and Moore were on vacation. His help was timely and greatly blessed. It also gave him an opportunity of renewing many friendships formed during his first years in Egypt. One family, hearing of his return to Assiut, traveled over one hundred miles to consult him. 132 Egypt— Medical Work.

Drs. Henry and Moore returned to the hospital July ist, and work went on at even higher pressure. August opened aus piciously, when on the third the thunderbolt of war broke loose as from a clear sky. A panic ensued in Egypt. Money in some parts of the country almost went out of circulation. Patients gradually dropped off, till in December only eighty-four pa tients entered the hospital, making the lowest point we have reached for many years. It seemed, humanly speaking, that we would be compelled to dismiss our help and close the hospital. But the Lord planned differently. He heard our prayers and the prayers of our friends, both native and foreign, and sent to us those needing our help and who were able and willing to pay for it. In this way our income has slightly exceeded our expenses each month. We were .compelled to reduce somewhat the wages of our help. But as the prices of foodstuffs were proportionately low, it worked no hardship. The year closed with the prices of foodstuffs rising, which gives forebodings of difficulty in the coming year. Dr. Henry’s physical condition becoming serious, it was deemed wise by his physicians that he undergo an operation. On the eighteenth of November he set sail for the home land, ac companied by Dr. Askren, of the Faiyum, who had been in ill health for some months, also by Miss Dickey, a regular mission ary, and Miss Taylor, a short term missionary, who had been ad vised by their physicians to return home. The party was under the efficient care of Mrs. Henry and Miss Hosack, a regular mis sionary nurse. On December twenty-third, Dr. Henry was suc cessfully operated on, and has been making a satisfactory recov ery. We hope and pray that he will be spared for many years in good health to carry on the work he has so successfully established, and that has been dear to his heart for more than twenty years. We are glad to report that Dr. Askren also improved very rapid ly in America, and was able to return in a few weeks. The religious work of the hospital is still under the direction of the Rev. Abdullah Ibrahim. He has been very faithful in his work for the Master. Through the Holy Spirit he has been most acceptable to his Moslem brethren in the flesh, and also to Copts and Protestants. He wastes no time in platitudes, but comes to the vital point at once, proclaiming salvation through the blood of Jesus Christ alone. Having been a Moslem he knows how to approach his Moslem brethren, and being a Spirit-filled man, he has a message for all. During the year he was formally ordained to the gospel ministry by Assiut Presbytery. Mr. Butros, our Bible-reader, is faithfully ministering to the free clinic, which numbers upwards of one hundred patients daily. He also visits from bed to bed in the wards. Sitt Sham- sa, our blind Bible-woman, is still with us after more than ten years of faithful service. She endears herself alike to Moslem and Copt. Egypt— Medical Work. 133

Dr. Aziz Ibrahim, our Egyptian assistant, who has been with us for six years, is still giving us his valued help. At the present the city calls are keeping about as usual. The calls among the poorer people have dropped off somewhat on ac count of their inability to buy medicine, and our inability to give medicine free except in urgent cases. Village calls have been very few during the last five months of the year. We were compelled to forego our Christmas tree this year. An Egyptian friend gave us a sheep that we might make a good dinner for the servants and poorer patients. The gift was greatly appreciated. A young married woman entered the hospital for an opera tion for pelvic abscess. She remained for two months or more. She was a Roman Catholic Egyptian; all she knew of Christ was that he was the son of Mary. All her faith and prayers were to the Virgin Mary. Before she left the hospital she seemed to understand fully that only the blood of Jesus Christ cleanses from sin. Not only did she understand, but she also testified to her belief in salvation through faith in Jesus Christ. As in the time of Christ, so now, the common people hear the gospel gladly. When we recount God’s blessings, we find that the year has been one to strengthen our faith in the Giver of all good.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

MEDICAL WORK AT ASSIUT.

B Y DR. W . T. MOORE.

Number of Physicians— men ...... 4 Number of Nurses— men 5, women 6 ...... 11 Number of Nurses—native 5, foreign 6 ...... ir Number of House Visits ...... 3,235 Number of Village Visits ...... 9° Number of Villages Visited ...... 3° Number of Clinic Patients treated in Clinics ...... 29,678 Religion of Clinic Patients— Copts ...... 14,034 Moslems ...... 15,104 Protestants...... 464 C ath olics ...... 61 Others ...... 15 Number of Patients in Hospital—men ...... 1,616 w om en ...... 1,049 Children above the age of one yea r ...... 72 Children under the age of one year ...... 37 Patients in Hospital paying full price ...... 1,327 Patients in Hospital paying half price or less ...... 312 Patients in Hospital free ...... 1,021 Number of Villages represented by patients in Hospitals ...... 392 Religion of Patients in Hospital—‘Copts ...... 1,180 Moslems ...... 1,016 Protestants...... 373 C ath olics...... 18 O th e r s ...... 73 134 Egypt— Medical Work.

Number of Operations— Major 190 Minor 4 9 0 Receipts— Medical Practice . $9,789 Hospital F ees ...... 10,237 Sales of Drugs, etc. 1,834 -$21,860 Donations from Egyptians 231 Number of Clinic Centers ...... i Name of Clinic Center— Assiut.

MEDICAL WORK ON THE DELTA BOAT.

BY DR. A. W. POLLOCK.

In reviewing the work of the Allegheny for the year 1914, we find that a smaller number of people was reached than during 1913. This was due to two causes. First, because the work on the boat was stopped in April that assistance might be rendered to Assiut Hospital. This was just in the busiest season when clinics were crowded and large numbers of hearers were present daily. We were loath to give up the work at this time, but duty called in another direction. Second, the work during the autumn months was curtailed somewhat because of the war. The in ability of the people of the Delta to dispose of their cotton crop, and the general scarcity of money kept away many who would otherwise have bought medicines or had operations performed. It has been our policy to make all who can do so pay something for medicine and treatment. Since the outbreak of the war, how ever, more free work has been done than ever before. Some amusing incidents have occurred, due to the vigilance of the government in preventing enemies from blowing up bridges. Every steamer passing a railway bridge is subject to search lest there should be explosives on board. The Allegheny did not escape these inspections. At one bridge, especially, the search was so thorough that an ignorant soldier even looked into the kitchen oven for dynamite bombs, and studied a long time trying to fathom the mysteries of an American nail-puller, which he evidently thought was some kind of a machine gun. As we neared one large town south of Monsurah we noticed great excitement among the people, who were running in all di rections. We afterwards learned that the Moslems thought the Allegheny was a hostile warship that had come to bombard the town, while the Copts thought it was an English ship that had come to take away the Christians before the Moslems massacred them. Happily, confidence was soon established, and we had good clinics and many inquirers during our twenty days’ stay at the town. Our itinerary during 1914 reached from Ras-el-Khalig, two hours north of Monsurah, to Ayat, one and one-half hours south Egypt—Medical Work. 135

of Cairo. In all fourteen villages were visited. Of the number of villages represented at the clinics we have no record. During the past year, for the first time some places were touched that had been visited before, and the reception received on these second visits was most encouraging. Our hearts were cheered at one village, especially, where a man had been soundly converted while the boat was there two years before. Here, where before there had been no work- at all, we found a school of twenty- nine pupils, taught by a former student of Assiut College, and a meeting held four nights a week in which the gospel was presented with marvelous clearness and simplicity by the convert of two years before. Shortly before this second visit, another man in the village had accepted Christ, the direct result of the work of the first convert. During the warmer months many of the men and women patients who came from distant villages for operations slept in the clinic tents at night rather than return home. At times we had in our little tent hospital as many as fifteen patients, many of whom remained for a week. This gave a better opportunity for continuous teaching than at the crowded morning clinic, and the little meetings with these patients on the canal bank by candle light were much appreciated by all. Since the beginning of the war we have found the people, if anything, more willing to hear the Word than before. A certain dread of the future seems to affect the Moslems and Copts alike and to make them anxious to hear God’s message. Some Mos lems professed to accept Christ in their hearts, and one claims to be willing to be baptized and to take his stand before the world for Christ. While these encouragements cheer us, yet there is much to depress and discourage. To come in contact daily with fanati cism, bigotry, appalling ignorance, superstition and indifference makes the heart ache, and were it not for the knowledge that the power that raised again Christ Jesus from the dead can give life to these souls, one would be tempted to give up in despair. Thank God, the same Jesus who appeared to Saul in the way is waiting to-day with outstretched arms, ready and willing to save. May there be nothing in the lives of his servants that will keep the blessing from coming to these poor lost sheep.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of Physicians...... 1 Number of Villages Visited ...... 14 Number of Clinic Patients...... 2,200 Religion of Patients— Moslems ...... 1,925 Others ...... 275 Number of Operations ...... 65 Receipts (5 months) ...... $236 136 Egypt— Medical Work. MEDICAL WORK A T FAIYUM,

B Y DR. D. L. A S K R E N .

The medical mission work in the Faiyum during the past year has not been as satisfactory as in previous years, and there has been a marked decrease in the income. This change has been caused by the general financial crisis which arose because of the war, and because there has been an increase in the number of doctors. During the past year five new physicians have settled here, making a total of twelve full-fledged doctors. The spiritual condition of the work has been very encourag ing during the past year. The Bible teaching has been faithfully carried on in the Faiyum clinic among the in-patients by the same efficient worker who had charge of it last year, and greater interest has been manifested by the patients than in any previous year. There have been many earnest inquirers among those awaiting treatment, and a number have followed their study of Christianity after returning to their villages. The Sinnoris clinic has not been so satisfactory either spiritually or financially. The Bible-reader has not been able to do as efficient work as the former one, not making good use of his time as he might have done, nor has he been as tactful in his addresses to the patients as he should be. Owing to these un satisfactory conditions and also for health reasons, the work has been suspended for the present, but may be reopened again after a few months; for it is hard to forsake the many needy ones who are continually asking us to return. One bright spot in the last year’s work has been the clinic held every Wednesday morning at Wasta* This clinic is bring ing in people from a long strip of country along the Nile. The interesting fact is that they are practically all Moslems, there not being more than one Copt or Christian to every twenty Moslems. The clinic building is used by the Mission for religious meetings three nights a week, and for women’s meetings during the day. The meetings are conducted by an evangelist under the super vision of.Mr. Adams. The evangelist is a very able worker; he also attends the clinic, talking and reading to the patients, thus showing many the way of salvation. The patients coming to the Wasta clinic are very ignorant and bigoted, but are manifesting much interest in the Bible reading and explanations, many remain ing after their medical examination to listen and inquire. This will be the means of opening up many villages to the workers who later will be following up the inquirers. The colporteur also has a room in the clinic, and so meets and becomes acquainted with the patients, and is able to follow them to their homes and vil lages. Egypt— Medical Work. 13 7

W e ask that many-may remember these clinics at the Throne of Grace, that every worker may be the means of bringing many into the Kingdom during the coming year. FAIYUM.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY. Number of Physicians— men ...... 1 Number of Nurses—men ...... 2 n a tiv e ...... 2 Number of House Visits ...... 820 Number of Village V isits ...... 150 Number of Villages Visited ...... Number of Clinic Patients treated in Clinics...... 6,431* 54 Religion of Clinic Patients— Moslems ...... 3,886 Copts ...... 1,965 Protestants ...... 352 Catholics ...... 80 Others ...... 148 Number of Patients in Hospital— men ...... 265 women ...... 105 Patients in Hospital free ...... : ...... 370 Religion of Patients in Hospital— Moslems ...... Copts ...... 136 Protestants ...... 6 Others ...... 4 Number of Operations— Major ...... 165 M in o r...... 205 Receipts— Medical Practice ...... $3,200* Number of Clinic Centers ...... 3 Names of Clinic Centers— Faiyum, Sinnoris, Wasta.

MEDICAL WORK AT TANTA.

B Y DR. A . F. GRANT.

Our report this year can hardly be called a hospital report, for the hospital has been closed since the early part of the year. On the ninth of March the last of the patients left, and imme diately the buildings were closed, the furniture packed away, and building operations begun. It is a sad thing to close hospital work in this country, for medical work is so dependent upon hos pital facilities. One sees little benefit from medicines prescribed when it is not possible to follow up the prescriptions and see that the medicine is taken, and taken in a manner likely to be bene ficial. However, we closed with the hope that only a few months would pass before we would be able to reopen to an even wider field of usefulness. Work went on rapidly, and by July 1st we were beginning to feel that we would be able to take in patients by Christmas. But on August 3rd we were compelled, for lack of funds, to sus pend work, and the building remains to-day as it was when work ceased, except that the roof had to be put on later to protect the 138 Egypt— Medical Work. interior from rain. The walls are up and a large part of the doors and windows are made, but to the frequent question, “When will the hospital be opened?” we have to answer that we do not know. The figures accompanying this report show, as far as figures can, what the work has been. Previous to the beginning of the war, the clinic work was excellent, the daily attendance having run as high as 175, but since that time it has been rather poor. The work of the doctors and druggists has suffered along with all other kinds of work. While we have not had hospital accommodations to offer patients, we have allowed quite a large number of patients to occupy the two rooms adjoining the clinic under the doctor’s dwelling house. They have had to supply themselves with food, but we have had a chance to see that they had their medicine and treatment, and were able to follow up their cases in a way that would not have been possible had they gone to their own homes. We have had a fair number of surgical cases, some being quite important operations. At least ninety-five per cent, of the cases that remained with us were Moslems, and some of them have shown a great deal of interest in the religious teaching they have received. We have had with us for about six months a mother and her little daughter. The latter has had tuberculosis of the bones of the foot. She came to us after having been treated by a village bar ber, who had practiced his cruel art until the foot was in a ter rible condition. After this she spent two months in a Moslem Hospital. There she was told it must be amputated. It is hard for a western person to realize what, this means to a young girl in the East, for it ruins every chance she may seem to have in life. Her people anxiously brought here here as a last resort. It looked for a long time as if amputation would be necessary, but after repeated operations and countless dressings she began to improve, and at present the foot is healing. She is able, with the help of a stick, to get around on it, and in time we hope she may have a useful foot. Both she and her mother have exhibited a rare amount of patience, and both have shown much interest in religious teaching. They, with others, have learned to sing some of the Psalms and have memorized various Bible verses, and are always willing to attend any of our religious meetings. A few days ago Ameena was told she would be able to go to church next Sabbath, and it was good to see her face brighten up. She seemed quite happy at the prospect. Mohammed, another patient, who has also been with us for months, has shown a great amount of patience. Although suf fering much and from an incurable disease, during all these weeks, he has been bright and cheerful. He has shown much in terest in Christian teaching, and many of his friends who have stayed with him at different times, have had continuous teaching, Egypt— Medical Work. 139 and have at least shown a willingness to listen to the Word as it has been taught in the clinic. With two Moslem hospitals fully equipped in the town, it is encouraging that they should show such confidence in a Christian institution as to be willing to stay for months, and especially at a time when work is being carried on under such great difficulties. Christmas day we brought all the patients then staying in the rooms down stairs, up to the sitting-room, and had a Christ mas service. As it happened, they were all Moslems. In was an event in their lives, for I presume none of them had ever been in the home of a foreigner before. As all the missionaries in the station were present, these poor patients were naturally quite embarrassed, but they all enjoyed themselves, and paid the ut most attention to the talk Mr. Boyd gave them. Miss Holland adds the following items: “I wish you could have seen Faheema when she came here with her father, who was ill, and again about two weeks later. She was bright and very observing, and the first thing she did was to fix her hair like Mary’s (our ward maid). Every day she developed something new, and in a month she was doing a good part of a maid’s work, and doing it well. Her father allowed her to go tol church while she was here, and she loved the singing. We wanted her father to let her go to school, but he thought her too old— she was thirteen! Many times I went into their rooms and found the old man reading the Bible to her. “Lately we have had another bright girl. She came with her aunt, who was very ill, and although the sick woman did not show any particular interest in our religion, her niece did; and she could join in singing the twenty-third psalm, and would go from one room to another to hear the Word of God. A nephew of this sick woman came to see her, and thanked us in English, expressing the hope that he could serve us sometime. We told him that was what we were here for— to serve them for Christ’s sake. “I am sure it would fill a volume to tell all the interesting things that happen in a place of this kind, not alone things of in terest but things worth while.” In July last Mr. S. L. Severance, of Cleveland, Ohio, gave Dr. Grant $600 to apply on the purchase of an automobile which has been of great service to hini in his work. Quite a large number of villages have been visited by means of it, some of them with exceedingly good results. The two longest trips each totaled about one hundred and twenty miles. We also gratefully acknowledge a gift of $100 from Miss Elizabeth Harvey, of De troit, Mich. 140 Bgypt— Medical Work: TANTA.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of Physicians—men ...... I Number of Nurses— women ...... 2 Number of Nurses— native 1, foreign 1 ...... 2 Number of House Visits ...... 546 Number of Village Visits .,...... 12 Number of Villages Visited ...... 8 Number of Patients treated in Clinics...... 17,734 Religion of Clinic Patients—Moslems ...... 13,298 Others ...... 4,436 Number of Operations—Major ...... 31 Minor ...... 160 Receipts— Medical Practice ...... $1,816 Sales of Drugs, etc...... 223 $2,039 Donations from Egyptians ...... 130 Number of Clinic Centers...... 1 Name of Clinic Center— Tanta.

SUMMARY OF MEDICAL STATISTICS, EGYPT, 1914.

Number of Physicians: Assiut, men ...... 4 Tanta, man ...... 1 Faiyum, man ...... 1 Delta Boat, man ...... 1

7 Number of Nurses: Assiut, men 5, women 6 ...... 11 Tanta, women ...... 2 Faiyum, men ...... 2 Delta Boat ......

15 Number of House Visits : Assiut ...... 3.235 Tanta ...... 546 Faiyum ...... 820 Delta Boat ......

4,601 Number of Village Visits: Assiut ...... 90 Tanta ...... 12 Faiyum ...... 15° Delta Boat ...... 252 Number of Villages Visited: Assiut ...... 30 Tanta ...... 8 Faiyum ...... 54 Delta Boat ...... 14 106 Egypt— Medical Work. 141

Number of Cases Treated in Clinics: Assiut ...... 29,678 Tanta ...... 17,734 Faiyum ...... 6,431 Delta Boat ...... 2,200

56,043 Number of Operations Performed: Assiut ...... 680 Tanta ...... 191 Faiyum ...... • ...... 370 Delta Boat ...... 65

1,306 Number of Patients in Hospitals : Assiut ...... 2,660 T a n ta ...... Faiyum ...... 370 Delta Boat ......

3,030 Religion of Patients in Hospitals and Clinics : Assiut Tanta Faiyum Delta Boat Total Moslems ...... 16,120 13,298 4,110 1,925 35,453 Copts ...... 15,214 2,101 . . . . 17,315 Protestants ...... 837 358 1,195 Catholics ...... 79 80 159 Others ...... 88 4,436 152 275 4,951

32,338 17,734 6,801 2,200 59,073 Receipts, Physicians’ Fees and Hospital Fees: Assiut ...... $22,091 T a n ta ...... 2,169 Faiyum ...... 3,200 Delta Boat ...... 236

$27,696 Number of Clinic Centers, 5. Names—Assiut, Tanta, Faiyum, Sin- noris, Wasta. STATISTICAL TABLE, 1914.

Ho spita i, CLINIC Outside Total Patien ts Patients Patients Patien ts Egypt—Medical Work.

i 1

MEDICAL STATIONS AND DISTRICTS 2

X? Income Physicians Total Total Total Total Operations Others Others Others 0 Moslems Moslems Moslems Moslems 1 , 1 1 Nurses Assiut District...... 4 11 1016 1644 2660 15104 14574 29678 1108 2217 8325 17228 18435 35663 680 $22091 Tanta District ...... 1 2 13298 4436 17734 48 187 236 13346 4623 17969 191 2169 Faiyum District ...... 1 2 224 146 370 3886 2676 6431 4110 2691 6801 870 3200 Delta Boat, 5 m o n t h s ...... 1 0 1925 275 2200 1925 275 2200 66 236

T o t a l ...... 7 l ö 1240 1790 8030 34213 21830 56043 1166 2404J 8660 36609 26027 62633 1306 27696 Egypt— Stations of Missionaries. 143

AMERICAN MISSIONARIES AND OTHER (European) WORKERS.

ON T H E FIE L D M A R CH 31ST, 1915,

ALEXANDRIA.—Rev. T. J. Finney, D.D., and wife; Rev. Mark S. Roy and wife; Rev. W. P. Gilmor, C. S. Bell, Esq., and wife; Miss Ida L. Cabeen, Miss Olive T. Mason, Miss Laura B. W alker, Miss Nellie C. Smith. Teachers (short term) : Misses St. Clair, Glenn, Henry. MONSURAH.—Rev. S. A. Work and wife; Rev. J. W. Baird and wife. ZIFTA.—A. W. Pollock, M.D., and wife. (Rev. W. L. McClenahan is working with another Mission.) ZAK AZTK .— Rev. S. G. Hart and w ife; Miss Elsie M. French. TANTA.— Rev. J..H. Boyd and wife; Rev. W. R. Coventry and wife; A. F. Grant, M.D., and wife; Miss Sadie Thompson, Miss May Holland, Miss Mary E. Baird, Miss Minnehaha Finney, Miss Carol McMillan. BENHA.—Rev. R. W. Walker and wife; Miss Ella B. Downie, Miss Dorcas Teas. CAIRO.—Rev. Andrew Watson, D.D., LL.D., and wife; Rev. John Giffen, D.D., and wife; Rev. J. R. Alexander, D.D., LL.D., and wife; Rev. James G. Hunt, D.D., and wife; Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., and wife; Rev. Dalton Galloway and wife; Rev. R. W. Caldwell and wife; Rev. R. G. McGill and wife; Rev. E. E. Elder and wife; Rev. J. Kruidenier, D.D., and wife; Rev. J. Willard Acheson and wife; Miss A. Y. Thomp son, Miss M. A. Smith, Miss E. R. Martin, Miss Ella M. Barnes, Miss Anna M. McConaughy, Miss Carrie M. Buchanan, Miss Alda B. Atchi son, Miss Mary M. Pattison, Miss Isabel Hosack, Miss Davida Finney. Teachers (short term): Misses Wilson, Amis, Gilkison, Munford, Mil- len, Jameson, Caldwell. FAIYUM.—Miss Alfaretta Hammond. Physician (short term) : D. L. Askren, M.D., and wife. BENI SUEF.— Rev. A. A. Thompson and wife; Miss M. A. Paden. ASSIUT.—Rev. W. H. Reed and wife; Rev. Prof. F. Scott Thomp son and wife; Prof. R. S. McClenahan, LL.D., and wife; Prof. C. P. Russell and wife; Prof. W. W. Hickman, Ph.D., and wife; Prof. C. A. Owen and wife; V. M. Henry, M.D., and wife; H. L. Finley, M.D., W. T. Moore, M.D., and wife; Miss R. L- Hogg, Miss Ruth A. Work, Miss Anna B. Criswell. Teachers (short term) : Messrs. Laing, Woodburn, 144 Egypt— Stations of Missionaries.

Maxwell, McNary, McFeeters, Mrs. McFeeters, Mr. Fox, Mrs. Fox, Miss Junod, Misses Laing, Work, Thompson. Matrons (short term) : Misses Anderson, Bennett, Dinsmore, McFarland. Nurses (short term) : Misses Van der Molen, Cookson, Raster, Van der Kalk, Van Damm, Ohl, Mc- Minn. Hay. Physician (short term) : Dr. Aziz Ibrahim and wife. LUXOR.—Rev. H. E. Phillips'and wife; Miss H. J. Ferrier, Miss Ida Whiteside. Teacher (short term) : Miss McVey. KALIUB.—Rev. P. J. Pennings and wife, Evangelist and Superin tendent of Orphanage.

ON FURLOUGH.—Rev. F. D. Henderson and wife; F. S. Hoyman, Esq., and wife; Miss Margaret A. Bell, Misses Williams, Dickey, Mc Cracken, Mrs. H. L. Finley, Miss A. L. Corkey. (Misses Eula McClena- han and Mary E. Kerr married during the year.) Egypt— Summary of Statistics. 145

SUMMARY OF STATISTICS, EGYPT, 1914.

PREPARED BY REV. J. R. ALEXANDER, D.D.

I. WORKERS, (in Egypt).

FOREIGN—No. of Ordained Missionaries on Field, December 31st, 1914 ...... 21 “ Married Women ...... 29 “ Unmarried Women ...... 23 — 52 “ Missionary College Professors be sides 1 ordained man ...... 4 “ Missionary Laymen (Business Agts. in America) ...... 0 “ Medical Missionaries (men 5) ...... 5 “ Missionary Nurses (women 2) ... 2 84 “ Missionary Instructors (3 years)— men 6, women 18 ...... 24 “ Matrons (College 2, Institute 1) .. -3 “ Assistant Missionary Physician (Faiyum) ...... 1 “ Assistant Missionary Physician’s wife (Mrs. Askren) ...... 1 “ Assistant Missionary Nurses (3 years)—American 1, European 7 8 “ Assistant Evangelist and Superin tendent of Kaliub Orphanage 1 38 Total Foreign Workers ...... 122 EGYPTIAN—No. of Ordained Ministers (1 in Sudan) 65 “ Licentiates (2 in Sudan) ...... 19 “ Theologues...... 12 “ Other Presbyterial Workers ...... 6 102 “ Physicians (Assiut Hospital) .... 1 “ Harem Workers (men 7, women 47) ...... 54 “ Shopmen 10, Colporteurs 0 .. .. 10 65 “ School Teachers (men 363, women 187) ...... 550 “ School Teachers, Protestant (men 292, women 141) ...... 433 “ School Teachers, Others (men 71, women 46) ...... n 7

Total Native Workers (Protestant) ...... 600 Protestant Workers, Foreign and Egyp tian, on field, December 31, 1914 ...... 722 Total Workers: Protestant, Foreign ...... 122 Protestant, Egyptian ...... 600 722 Other Teachers, Moslems, Copts, Svriaus. etc...... 117 839 146 Egypt— Summary of Statistics.

II. W O R K .

1. SYNODICAL AND PRESBYTERIAL (INCLUDING SUDAN).

No. of Synods (Synod of the Nile: Mediterranean Sea to Sobat River and onwards) ...... 1 “ Presbyteries in Synod ...... 5 “ Ministers in Synod ; (a) Egyptian Pastors in Egypt ..... 47 (b) Egyptians without Charge, 1 in Sudan 18 65 (c) Americans without Charge: In Egypt (with Mr. Pennings) ...... 28 In S u d a n ...... 5 33 98 “ Licentiates, with 2 in Sudan ...... 19 “ Theologues ...... 12 “ Lay Preachers ...... 6 37 *35 “ Ministers installed during the year ...... 2 “ Ministers ordained during the year ...... 2 “ Students licensed during the year ...... 4 “ Students received during the year ...... 4 “ Congregations organized during the year ... 2

2. C O N G R E G A T IO N A L — E G Y P T . No. of Stations and Congregations in Egypt ...... 291 “ Organized Congregations ...... 85 “ Other places where services are held or Sab- bath-schools, or schools, etc ...... 206 291 “ Evangelistic Circuits...... 110 “ Pastoral Charges ...... 78 “ Congregations and Stations in Pastoral Charges ...... 90 “ Congregations and Stations served by supplies, licentiates, theologues, teachers and others 201 :— 291 Membership in E gyp t: Men, December 31, 1914 ...... 6,289 Women, December 31, 1914 ...... 6,123 12,412 Increase 1914: By Profession ...... 933 By Certificate ...... 99 r - — 1,032 Decrease 1914: By Removal ...... 648 By Death ...... 166 814 Net Increase 1914 ...... ^ 218 No. of Attendance, Sabbath Morning, average ...... 23,614 “ Protestant Community (estimated) ...... 33,000 “ Baptisms: Adults (Moslems 2) ...... 2 Infants ...... 846 848 “ Buildings, places having buildings ...... 100 “ Self-Supporting Churches in Egypt, 1914 ...... 27 Egypt— Summary of Statistics. 147

Contributions of Congregations in Egypt, 1914: (1) For Churches and Congregations : Salaries, Pastors ...... $18,822 Licentiates, etc...... 5,706. $24,528 Buildings and Congregational Expenses ...... 13,478 The Poor and Orphanages, Local Evangelistic Work in Congregations ...... 2,418 (2) Other Synodical Benevolent Efforts : Home Missions, work in Sudan, work among Mos lems, Sabbath schools, Pastoral schools, Minis terial Relief, Synodical Fund ...... 4,107 Total Contributions for all Religious Purposes in Egypt ...... $44,531 Total Appropriation of Church in America for Church in Egypt, including $75 special for Ministerial Relief ...... 7,500 Total Cost of Work of Synod in Egypt, 1914 (Egypt 85^4 per cent., Mission and Church in America 14^ per cent.) 52,031

3. SABBATH SCHOOLS IN EGYPT.

No. of Sabbath schools ...... 204 “ Pupils in Sabbath schools : Men ...... 4,399 W omen ...... 3,368 7,767 B o y s ...... 5,200 G ir ls ...... 3,317 8,517 16,284 “ Officers, Teachers in Sabbath schools: Men ...... 414 Women ...... 211 625 Total Scholars, Officers and Teachers .... 16,909 Cost of Leaflet paid from Sabbath school contributions...... $675 Contributions of Sabbath schools (included in church contri butions) ...... 3,263 Sabbath school Lesson Leaflet, copies distributed weekly...... 14,500 Sabbath school Paper, Negm el-Mcshrak, distributed weekly. 1,000

4. WORK FOR WOMEN IN EGYPT.

General : No. of places where women attend the regular Sabbath. service s...... 246 Attendance of Sabbath Services : Women and Girls ...... 9,951 No. of women and girl communicants, December 31, I9 I 4 ...... - ...... 6,123 Special : No. of special workers in homes (harems) : M e n ...... 7 W o m e n ...... 47 54 No. of women receiving instruction in homes (harems) 3,840 Religions ofregular pupils in homes : Protestants ...... 950 C o p ts...... 2,000 Mohammedans ...... 700 Jewesses and others ...... 190 3,840 148 Egypt— Summary of Statistics.

Attendants at special prayer meetings for women : W o m e n ...... : ...... 3,399 Girls ...... 2,195 .. • ------5.594 Contributions of special women’s meetings ...... $997 No. of Schools for girls and young women alone ...... 46 “ Girls attending girk’ schools (including 438 girls in boys’ schools) ...... 5,626 “ Women and Girls under influence of Gospel, about---- 15,000 Women’s Societies : Presbyterial Societies ...... 4 Missionary Societies and Girls’ Missionary Societies ... 38 Members of Missionary Societies : Women and Juniors (girls) ...... 2,310 Contributions, Women’s and junior Missionary Societies (included in church and congregational contributions).. $1,891

5. SCHOOLS IN EGYPT.

No. of Schools : Girls ...... 46 Boys ...... 150 196 No. of Teachers: Women ...... 187 Men ...... 363 550 Protestants (men 292, women 141) ...... 433 Others (men 71, women 46) ...... 117 550 No. of Pupils: ♦Girls (total as enrolled in Girls’ Schools) ...... 5,188 Boys (total as enrolled in Boys’ Schools) ...... 10,539 15,727 No. of Schools under direct care of Mission ...... 27 “ Schools in out-stations under care of Synod...... 169 196 Special Schools: No. Boarders Day Scholars Total Theological Seminary, Cairo ...... 12 12 Assiut College, Assiut ...... 641 116 757 Pressly Institute, Assiut (Girls)... 126 212 338 1,095

Girls’ College, Cairo, Abbas Road. 43 304 347 Ezbakiyah Girls’ Boarding School, Cairo ...... 51 217 268 Fowler Orphanage, Girls, Cairo, Abbasiyah ...... 44 45 89 Girls’ Day and Boarding School, Tanta ...... n 194 205 Girls’ Day and Boarding School, Luxor ...... 48 154 202

Total Special Schools (8) . 964 1,254 2,218

♦Note: There were 340 small boys in Girls’ Schools and 438 small girls in Boys’ Schools. Egypt— Summary of Statistics. 149

Central Station Schools, including Special Schools: Schools Pupils Boys ...... 8 2,332 Girls ...... 19 3,686 27 6,018 Preparatory and Elementary Schools: Schools Pupils Boys ...... 142 7,867 Girls ...... 27 1,842 1 6 9 ------9,709 Total Schools and Pupils ...... 196 15,727 Religion of Pupils: Protestants— Boys ...... 3,048 Girls ...... ’...... 1,161 ------4,209 Copts— Boys ...... 5,633 Girls ...... 2,864

Moslems— 8’497 Boys ...... 1,496 Girls ...... 679 ------2,175 Others— Boys ...... 362 Girls ...... 484 ------846 ------15,727 Nationality of Pupils— Egyptians ...... 14,922 Others ...... 805 ------15,727 School Finances— Paid by people of Egypt: Tuition Fees, all Schools ...... $71,296 Boarding Fees, Colleges and Girls’ Schools... 31,044 Subsidy towards self-support by Egyptians.... 8,178 ------$110,518 Paid from Endowments, Donations, Miscellaneous, etc., through Mission ...... $7,362 Paid by Mission Treasury ...... 41,842 ------$49,204

Total cost of 196 schools in Egypt, 1914 ...... $159,722 Church in America ...... 26 per cent. People in Egypt ...... 69 2-5 per cent. Other Sources ...... 4 3-5 per cent.

6. BOOK DEPARTMENT. Scriptures Distributed: Volumes Receipts (1) British and Foreign Bible Society ...... 10,408 $573 (2) American Bible Society ...... 32,336 3,662

General Distribution: (a) Total Scriptures ...... 42,744 $4,235 (b) Religious Books ...... 15,832) (c) Educational, etc., books ...... 27,716 j- 8,933 (d) Stationery sold ...... J

Total sales ...... Volumes 86,292 $13,168 150 Egypt— Summary of Statistics.

7. MEDICAL WORK. No. of Physicians (men, 5; women, 0) ...... 5 “ Assistant Physicians, men ...... 2

“ Nurses (missionary) ...... 2 “ Foreign Assistant Nurses (American, 1; European, 7) 8 “ Egyptian Assistant Nurses ...... 5 J5 “ House visits ...... 4,601 “ Village visits ...... 252 “ Villages visited ...... 106 “ Hospitals ...... 3 “ Operations performed ...... 1,306 “ Cases treated in Clinics ...... 56,043 Patients in hospitals ...... 3,030 Total Patients in Clinics and Hospitals ...... 59,073 Receipts, Physicians and Hospital fees ...... $27,696

III. FINANCIAL SUMMARY. Received from native sources in the work of the various departments of evangelistic effort as carried on by the American Mission and the Native Protestant Church in Egypt during 1914: (a) Evangelistic, congregational, Sabbath school, Harem, etc__ $44,531 (b) Educational, including college and all schools ...... 110,518 (c) Book department ...... 13,168 (d) Medical department ...... 27,696

Total receipts from Egyptian sources ...... $195,913 Appropriated by General Assembly, May, 1914, for 1914-1915------$177,413 For every dollar sent by America, Egypt gave a dollar and ten cents. MAP OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN MISSION FIELD IN INDIA.

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EXPLANATIONS. Mnfa Mission Stations are in Capitals and Underscored. Other large towns, not yet occupied, are in Capitals. Large centers, in which there are Christians, are marked by cross within circle. Villages in which there are Christians, are marked by cross only. Other villages marked by small circle. The inset map, in upper right hand corner, shows the United Presbyterian Mission Field in relation to the whole of India. THE

59 th Annual Report

O F T H E

American United Presbyterian Mission

INDIA

FOR THE YEAR 1914

India— Introduction. 153

INTRODUCTION.

HE year 1914 brought another serious outbreak of cholera and T the ravages of bubonic plague continued throughout the year. Social unrest and political crimes, while given less prominence, have not ceased, and the high cost of living and the financial depression have been increased by the war which broke out in Europe about the first of August. Several of the workers have been called to their reward; Mrs. R. E. Ayers in June, Mr. W. E. Nicoll in August and Miss Emma M. Minger, who, though spared until January, 1915, was stricken with her last illness in November. These were all in their first and second terms of service and had given promise of great usefulness, and they are greatly missed. The Rev. George W. Morrison, too, who, after 15 years of service, retired in 1902 on account of the health of his family, went to his reward in November. We were cheered in December when the Rev. J. H. Colvin joined us and the Misses J. B. Morrison and F. C. Martin returned from furlough. The work has continued to grow and prosper. The number of ordained ministers is now 43, the number of congregations 60, and the number of communicant members 32,307, being an increase of 676, while the increase in contributions to church work is $280. In the schools 22 have been added to the number of Christian teachers, and 698 to the number of pupils, of which increase 407 are Christians, and of these 259 are girls. The income from fees was $1,269 more than in 1913, and the Govern ment aid $2,984. In the medical work there has been a large increase both in the number of in-patients and in the total atten dance at dispensaries. In the zananas there has been a large increase in the number of Hindu and Mohammedan women re ceiving regular instruction. The number of Bibles and Scripture portions sold has more than doubled, and there has been a marked *54 India— Introduction. willingness on the part of the people to listen to the proclamation of the Gospel. Both the tabulated results of the year’s work, and the condition of the field as revealed in the written reports, present a loud call to all the people of the Lord to come up to His help against the mighty.

R o ber t M a x w e l l , Editor-in-Chief. Editing Committee

H a r r is J. S t e w a r t M is s E. J. M a r t in E. E. C a m p b e l l “ D. B. W h it e l y * W . D . M ercer “ J. B. M orrison M r s . R at.p h E r s k i x e A v e r s . India— In Memoriam. 155

IN MEMORIAM. flDrs. 'Ratpb Crskine H?crs.

BY MRS. ROBERT STEWART

Born in Murree, India, the thirty-first of May, 1887. Arrived in the Mission Field, the eleventh of October, 1911. Died at Sargodha, India, the nineteenth of June, 1914.

Mrs. Ayers was the daughter of Dr. T. L. and Mrs. Anna W. Scott, of our Mission in India, where she spent most of her childhood and young girlhood. In this country she attended school in Woodstock, and in America was graduated from West minster College, New Wilmington, Pa. Two years later she was appointed as a missionary to the land of her birth, which always held a large place in her heart and life. Happily and diligently she spent the first year allotted to the study of the language, with which she already had more than a speaking acquaintance, and then took up the regular work for which she seemed peculiarly qualified. As a dear child of the Mission, her marriage, on the field, to the Rev. R. E. Ayers, was an event of more than ordinary interest, and the announcement of her death, only a little more than a year afterwards, came as a sad shock to her fellow workers and many friends here and at home, and we could but wonder that one whose life was so full of promise should thus early be removed from a field so white to the harvest, and whose laborers are so few. From earliest girlhood she was characterized by a sweet seriousness, and from a child she knew the Scriptures and loved her Saviour. In her college days, when she joined the Student Volunteers, no one who knew and loved her was surprised. It was the natural thing for her to do. And when, following in the footsteps of her parents, she gave herself to the Mission work, that, too, was in keeping with her life and character. In entering upon her chosen life-work here she showed the same earnestness, the same spirit of devotion to her Master that had marked her earlier girlhood days. Those with whom she worked, and those who knew her best, both at home and here in India during the few short years of her mission service, testify to the zeal and earnestness and conscientiousness, the patience and tenderness, with which she strove to win souls to Christ, and to help the needy and suffering. Who of us who heard it shall ever forget the testimony of the Indian brother beside her open grave in the cemetery hear her childhood’s home at Jhelum? He had hurried'from Sargodha, where her life had gone out, to be present at the funeral services to tell us of her loving care of his sick wife, India— In Memoriam.

of her untiring efforts, of her self-denial, of her tender patience and loving kindness. And we all knew that that was just like her, just what we would expect of her. We may ask why such a one, so well equipped for service, should be taken away, why the happy home of but little more than a year should be broken up, the loving husband be left desolate, the fond parents and lonely sister in this land bereft. And the answer comes, though with our eyes tear-blinded we may not be able to read it clearly, “He doeth all things well.” And as we turned from the grave where all that was earthly had been laid to rest until the resurrection morning, the conviction came clear and strong, “She is not here, she is at home with the Lord.” And there, with the dear sisters gone before, she joins in glad praises to Him who is worthy to receive glory and honor and power, and in whose presence there is fulness of joy forever more.

TO. 16 . micoll, B.B.

BV THE REV. ROBERT MAXWELL

Born in Clarence, Iowa, the twenty-third of September, 1873. Arrived in the Mission Field, the twenty-first of November, 1901. Died at Ganderbal, Kashmir, India, the sixth of August, 1914.

Born in a Christian home, and surrounded by Christian people during his childhood and the days set apart for preparation for his life-work, he seemed eminently equipped for the great service of his Master. H e graduated from Tarkio College in 1896. His natural ability to lead young people was developed while he was teaching high school, and he gained a large experience in dealing with men in a great variety of circumstances in his service in the 51st Iowa Infantry, especially in the Philippine Islands. This was followed by a period of service as professor in Tarkio College, and he came to India exceptionally well qualified for work among young men. His first work here was in Gordon Mission College, where he became thoroughly acquainted with the young men and the conditions in which they live, and so won their confidence that both Christians and non-Christians were ready to attend his vol untary Bible classes, and they came to him continually for help and guidance. He was diligent in supporting the work of Rawal Pindi congregation, and in providing religious services for the small groups of Christians living near the city and the servants in cantonments. He made plans for organizing them into a separate congregation, which have been carried out since his death. Among the troops in Rawal Pindi, both privates and officers, he was able as a layman and ex-soldier to accomplish more than a clergyman. P r o f . W. E. N i c o l l . Miss E m m a M. M i n g e r . India— In Memoriam. 15 7

For the non-Christians of the city, he was untiring in his efforts to maintain regular preaching in the bazaar and to promote the sale of Scripture portions, and in personal work among those who frequented the reading room. He was faithful in personal work, and sold many Scripture portions, both when traveling and during visits made for this purpose to the railway station, espe cially during the season when many were passing through on their way to Murree and Kashmir. On one trip to Pathankot he sold 32 complete copies of the New Testament. For the Rawal Pindi Leper Asylum he helped secure from the Government a large grant of money, and. superintended the erection of commodious dwellings and a hospital for the lepers and a residence for the assistant superintendent. He made strenuous efforts to persuade the lepers to send their untainted children to schools provided for them, and besides maintaining regular religious services did much by treats and magic lantern lectures and other entertainments to relieve the monotony of their lives. In addition to this work there was allotted to him much committee work, and he was for many years General Treasurer and Corresponding Secretary for the Mission. Outside of the work assigned to him, however, he found many ways of serving both the members of the Mission and others. He transacted busi ness with bankers in India and America, secured transport to Murree and Kashmir and booked passages to America, wrote up and checked accounts, and, as was found when his effects were examined, did the clerical work of several committees of which he was not a member. He was strong and capable, and both Indians and Americans called upon him frequently for help and always found him willing to do what he could. He has now passed from sight and gone to join those of whom it is said, "Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from henceforth: yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labors; for their works follow with them.”

fllMss Emma fl&artba fHMnger.

BY MISS A. M. HAMILTON Born in Thun, Switzerland, the thirty-first of October, 1878. Arrived in the Mission Field, the tenth of December, 1902. Died at Jhelum, India, the twenty-fifth of January, 1915.

Emma Mingfer! How sweet the name! Sweet because of the fragrance of her life. Some perfumes are so aromatic that no matter where they are fragrance is continually distilling from them, sweetening everything around them. So with this beauti ful life. Miss Minger’s first year in the Mission Field was spent in the home of the Rev. Samuel Martin, D.D., and his daughters, the Misses M. R. and E. J. Martin, in the study of the language, 158 India— In Mcmoriam. and she delighted her teacher with her quickness in distinguishing and forming the peculiar sounds. After passing the first year’s ex aminations, she was assigned work in the Memorial Hospital, Sial- kot, and continued in this work until her return to America on furlough. Her training as a nurse made her very valuable in this position, and her presence always brought help, comfort, and cheer to the patients. The nurses, too, were devoted to her, and inspired by her cheerfulness and faithfulness. Others seeing her in the work were won to the profession. One of the most valued nurses to-day said she had always considered caring for hospital patients a very unpleasant and menial service, but when she went to the Memorial Hospital with a sick relative and saw Miss Minger in her work, she thought the service beautiful and began training for it. While Miss Minger was a skilful nurse, she was first of all a missionary, and faithfully brought the message of love and salva tion to all to whom she ministered, and in the chapel, in the wards, and in the homes of her patients— everywhere, she lived the life that is Christ. After furlough, which was prolonged on account of illness, she was assigned work in Sangla Hill District, where she spent a happy winter itinerating, and in the summer opened a small dispensary in the city, where she spent the morning hours. In estimating her character the strongest superlatives seem weak and utterly insufficient. She was quiet and retiring in her manner, but her heart was filled with strong and beautiful thoughts resulting in true and fruitful service. On the Mission floor her voice was seldom heard, but in committee work she showed her grasp of the problems. Her counsel was wise and practical; her work thorough. In all her service she had a heart at leisure from itself and the ear of one taught of God, so she always had a word in season for the weary. She was abundantly adorned with physical and spiritual graces and so brought joy and inspiration and blessing to us all. The secret of all her beauty doubtless lay in the fact that she loved to pray and study her, Bible. No day was so full of service that there was no time for the quiet hour. When tried or perplexed, or when unexpected ioy or blessing came to her, she would slip away to her room and tell her Father all about it, and so she grew into His likeness. The years of her service in India were few, yet, because she was weak in herself, because she was emoty and clean, because she was wholly consecrated to the Master, the fruit of these years is rich and abundant. We mourn for her, for we miss her sweet fellowship, but we weep not as those who are out of Christ,— who. when their loved ones are taken from them, only know that they have gone out into the great silence. We know that the Saviour has taken her home, and that she hears His voice and is fully satisfied in His presence. India— The Evangelistic Campaign, 159

THE EVANGELISTIC CAMPAIGN.

BY T H E REV. D. R. GORDON, D.D.

The Evangelistic Campaign, planned by the Mission and the Synod, was begun December 17, 1913. The two evangelists, the Rev. Mallu Chand and myself, joined the Gurdaspur camp and visited 18 centers in that district. The main object of the cam paign was the revival of the church, and in each of these 18 places, in public addresses as well as in conversations with individuals, efforts were made to bring the people to realize what Christ and His salvation meant to them. By means of the stereopticon, evening services were held at which as many as a thousand people, both Christian and non-Christian, would be present. In Pasrur District the motor truck enabled us to make a tour quite around the outer edge of the district, and we estimated that 4,000 out of the 16,000 village Christians were reached, and many thousands of non-Christians. After the campaign in Zafarwal, Sialkot City was visited, where the motor truck was used as a platform for bazaar preach ing in many parts of the city. It aroused the curiosity of the people, and many came and heard the Gospel and bought Scrip ture portions. Brief campaigns were held in Gujranwala, Sangla Hill, and Sargodha. Sialkot District was the last place visited in 1914. The district missionaries were encamped at the town of Chiwinda, 18 miles south of Sialkot City. Five meetings were held here and four in neighboring villages. One night we went to a village called Luppewali, three miles from Chiwinda, and another night we went to Throh, six miles away. It would have been very difficult to hold these night meetings had it not been for the truck. Start ing after nightfall, when the people were free from their daily toil, taking along the stereopticon and small organ with a band of singers, we were able to hold a meeting and return to camp by bedtime. One afternoon a meeting was held at the village of Mundeki, four miles from the camp. Twenty-one people, large and small, from the camp rode over in the truck* to attend the meeting. We were met at the outskirts of the village by the Mission worker, who, with a large part of the Christian commun ity, a noisy band, and fireworks, escorted us to the schoolhouse. The meeting opened with a number of Psalms sung heartily by the congregation. There was an audience of 400 people. A i6o India— The Evangelistic Campaign. number of Christians inquired after the Rev. J. W. Ballantyne. Sialkot District was his field of labor before he went home on furlough. The people were sorry to hear that he was still unable to return to India. After this interesting day we gathered up our crowd and returned to camp. In this brief report of this year’s work, I have sought to convey some idea of the uses to which the motor truck has been put and the help it has furnished in our work. I am thankful for it every day. It makes transportation easy and pleasant. It saves much time and has done useful service and been a source of pleas ure to all with whom I have worked in the different districts, as well as to myself. It is a never-ending wonder to the people, and always draws a crowd, and being described as a generous gift of those who are keenly interested in the spread of Christ’s kingdom, it preaches its own sermon. Up to the end of 1914 it has traveled 2,257 miles over all kinds of roads, including deep mud and deep sand. I wish hereby to thank all those whose generosity provided me with this useful means of carrying on work out here in India. I wish especially to thank the Men’s Brotherhood of Xenia Pres bytery, who appointed a committee consisting of J. Mason Prugh of Dayton, the Hon. S. C. Anderson of Xenia, and Dr. Delos Hogue of Springfield, to look after the collecting and remitting of funds; and Mr. Sharon E. Jones of Richmond, Indiana, who gave invaluable assistance in selecting and purchasing the motor truck; and Mr. J. W. Armstrong, Manager of the New Egerton Woollen Mills of Dhariwal, Gurdaspur District, India, who pre sented me with a temporary bed for the truck; and all those who rendered assistance in putting this machine at my disposal on the Mission Field. India— The Automobile in Mission Work. 161

THE AUTOMOBILE IN MISSION WORK.

BY THE REV. J. A. MCCONNELljE, D.D.

This is the age of fast transportation— limited trains; ocean greyhounds ; automobiles and autotrucks. The question came to a few of us, Why not apply to our Mission work some of these methods so widely and effectively used in business and pleasure? Through the generosity of some friends in America, the Rev. D. R. Gordon, d .d ., was able to purchase an autotruck, and I a light machine. These two machines are not at all in the same class, yet both have been a success. I went in for a small machine because it was cheap. Money is no small item on the Mission Field. I secured a high built car, made to take all sorts of roads. In this district of Sargodha we have some 75 miles of metaled roads and 1,000 miles of the finest dirt roads to be found anywhere, but we have, also, roads through uncleared jungles and roads full of ruts and ridges. A low built car could never travel these. The machine carried me through all sorts without a murmur. I have been putting it through at the rate of 16 miles a day, and during the past two months about 20 miles a day. To give one or to instances of what we are attempting; one day we had to visit a village 37 miles from Sargodha. We left Sargodha at 10 o’clock, went to the village, had an interview there, held service with the people, took several photos, visited on the way two other places, having dinner at one and supper at the other, and were back in Sargodha early in the evening. Another day I went to a village to settle some difficulty between a pastor and his people. This took several hours. I then went eight miles to examine a school; then into the city on business; then returned to camp. I had traveled 34 miles that afternoon. With the old methods of travel, one would never have dreamed of attempting such a round. I estimate that the auto is easily doubling my usefulness, and I believe it has come to stay as a permanent mission agency. 162 India— Work Among Christians.

WORK AMONG CHRISTIANS. ORGANIZED WORK.

CONGREGATIONS The Rev. Barkat Masih, pastor of the Gujranwala congrega tion, reports a year of continued prosperity. Church services, Sabbath schools, and midweek prayer-meetings have been held regularly in two centers, viz., in the city church building and in the chapel of the Boys’ Industrial Home, and, in addition, weekly services have been held in several of the neighboring villages. In proportion as it has been possible to teach them, the village people have shown progress. In three of the villages a large number of people have been baptized. The contributions have been liberal, and all have shown willingness- to co-operate in the Lord’s work. Pray that the members of this congregation may be fitted for in structing their non-Christian neighbors, who are becoming more and more open to the preaching of the Gospel. The Rev. W. D. Mercer reports that considerable attention was directed during the past year towards developing the organ ized work of Gujranwala District. The Rev. Imam ud Din was ordained and installed pastor at Ghakkhar, and the congregation from that time has been seif-supporting. Although the collections have fallen off considerably in the last few months, yet the faithful pastor makes no complaint about his salary. In two of the un organized circles elders have been ordained and installed; four in Ferozwala and five in Bharthanwala. A number of other circles will soon be ready for organization. The Rev. Jiwan Mall, district evangelist, has been very enthusiastic in helping forward the work of organization. The Rev. A. M. Laing reports eight organized congregations in Gurdaspur District, of which six are self-supporting, and two, viz., Awankha and Tibbar, have pastors paid from Mission funds. The Rev. Aziz ul Haqq began work in Gurdaspur and Awankha in 1876. The infirmities of age have now limited his activities to the village of Awankha, where he is pastor, but with the aid of an assistant, work is carried on in the other villages of his circle. Regular services, Sabbath school and midweek prayer- meeting, combined with faithful work, have made Awankha the best taught village in the district. Tibbar was formerly a self- supporting congregation. Its pastor is a young man who has completed his course in the lower class of the Theological Semin ary. During the year progress has been made, people having become attached to their pastor and having responded to his efforts India— Work Among Christians.

to teach them. The congregation of Ugru Khaira has successfully met a crisis this year. Collections were falling off and the pastor’s salary was in arrears. The pastor became discouraged, and gave notice that he would resign if his salary was not paid. Then the session had its turn, along with other sessions of the district, in being called in to the missionary’s house for a brief course of in struction on the duties of elders. They were much impressed with the suggestion made in the Book of Government, that each elder be made particularly responsible for a section of the congregation. Returning home, they divided the territory among them, and each set to work to canvass the villages allotted to him. They were much surprised to find that they were thus able to arrange for the full payment of the pastor’s salary. The pastor of this congregation has been willing to risk the displeasure of his people in standing up for the right, and this attitude has won for him increased respect. On one occasion he was called to officiate at a wedding. Learning that the people intended to invite dancing girls to help with the entertainment, he refused to go. They pleaded with him, and finally promised that the dancing girls should not be present. When he arrived on the appointed day he found the people unduly anxious to have the ceremony over, and very im patient when he assured them he could wait until the customary time to perform it. In about an hour some boys excitedly ran in announcing, “They’ve come, they’ve come.” To the pastor’s in quiry, "Who has come?” no answer was vouchsafed. He went out and found two vehicles full of dancing girls. Indignantly he announced that he must leave, as he could not remain in the same place as these disreputable characters. The people pleaded with him to change his mind, but, seeing that he stood firm, they sent the girls away. The pastor of Talibpur was ordained during the year. Floods did a great deal of damage in his field, one village being completely washed away. Though much discouraged, he did not give up, and his perseverance was rewarded by the increased liberality of his people. The congregations of Sekha and Khaira Kotli also have pastors; that of Sekha having been ordained this year. The con gregation of Ghariwal has a blind pastor, who, in spite of his infirmity, is active in teaching, and his work shows good results. The village of Ghot in this circle continues to be one of the bright spots in Gurdaspur District. The two elders and their families are well taught, and it is wonderful how much they have learned by heart. One of these elders arose in a meeting after an address on the value of intercession, and gave his personal testimony to the efficacy of prayer. His little daughter had been sick and hope of her recovery had been given up by the physicians, but she was restored to them in answer to prayer. The Rev. Gandu Mall of Jhelum reports: “We began the year with a New Year’s sermon and the week of prayer. The condition of the congregation has been for the most part very 164 India— Work Among Christians. good, and the spiritual life of the church has made steady progress. W e thank God that the members are increasing in brotherly love, are regular in attendance at Sabbath school and church services, prayer-meetings and social gatherings, and take a commendable interest in other religious duties. In addition to my ordinary duties, in connection with which I have made 225 pastoral visits, I have preached often in the bazaar and have sold more than 300 Scripture portions and other religious books in the city and neigh borhood. The highest attendance during the year at the preach ing services was 75. Many pupils were successful in the All-India S. S. Examination. Books were given to these as prizes, which were the means of increasing interest in the work of the school. There are a number of inquirers among the sweepers of the city and cantonments, who are being given regular instruction as a preparation for baptism. Five social gatherings were held during the year, which were instrumental in uniting the members more closely in the bonds of friendship and love. Do not forget to pray for us.” The Rev. H. C. Chambers reports three organized congrega tions in Khangah Dogran District. Three more circles of villages have requested organization. Sathiali congregation, with its seven villages, leads the district in all lines of work. The people are very much attached to their pastor, the Rev. Buta Mall, and faith ful in supporting him, their contributions for this purpose having increased 50 per cent, since he first came to them in 1908. The elders are becoming better acquainted with their duties and are trying to perform them. A committee with a live chairman, Jagtu by name, has charge of the collection of the pastor’s salary. Elder Phagu is especially helpful in the work of teaching, and in visiting and praying with the sick. Not long since he visited some sick Mohammedans and prayed with them. The observance of non- Christian customs is growing less and less. There is a growing appreciation on the part of the people of the value of education for their children, and there are four schools within the bounds of the congrégation. The Rev. Kathu Mall, pastor of the Martinpur congregation, reports : “Though the spiritual life of this congregation has not been all that could be desired, yet there has been progress during the past year. Many proselytizing sects have been at work, such as the Plymouth Brethren, Salvation Army, and Seventh Day Adventists. A Home Mission worker has been employed by the congregation to work in the surrounding villages. Members of the C. E. society have been going out into the neighboring villages to preach from time to time.” Roranwala congregation, though still without a pastor, has more than held its own. There has been a slight increase in the membership, and a very marked increase in the contributions, due to the faithful work of their teacher. Services have also been held more regularly, and the instruction given has been more systematic. India— Work Among Christians. 165

Three congregations are reported from Lyallpur District by the Rev. J. H. Martin, D.D. The congregation of Lyallpur has not yet secured a permanent pastor, but an effort is being made to secure Mr. Wazir Chand, B.A., on the completion of his Semi nary course in June. He has worked in this congregation during his summer vacations the past two years, and has been very much liked. At present, while the missionary is busy in the villages, the Rev. B. L. Dutt, a retired minister, formerly laboring in the Church Missionary Society, is in charge of the services and pastoral work, and is performing his duties most efficiently. The membership of the congregation has increased from 189 to 300. This has been due almost entirely to the return of many who had been enticed away by the Roman Catholics. The Sabbath school does not flourish, as the people from the neighboring villages do riot attend regularly. Manpur congregation, organized last year, called the Rev. Khair ud Din as pastor, and he was ordained and installed in March. Under his leadership the congregation is doing excellent work. The people pay ten rupees per month, which is two-thirds of the pastor’s salary. The progress of the members in Scripture knowledge is good, though there is the usual backwardness on the part of the women. This congregation is in the midst of the region attacked by the Roman Catholics, and it is remarkable that on the very two points which they selected for their attack, viz., Bible study and pastoral support, the people have come up to the stand ard. Services are held in some one of its villages almost every day or night of the week, when and where an audience can be secured. These services are like a Sabbath school, the Bible Study Course for Christians being taught and the elders assisting the pastors in the teaching. Chak 72 congregation was organized last year, and the Rev. B. Nasir ordained and installed pastor last March. No congrega tion could have done better than this in the first year and a half of its organization. The instruction of the people was carried on most thoroughly and they have abounded in their liberality. The Sabbath school also flourished. The Rev. E. V. Clements reports: “Pasrur has 11 organized-1 congregations, of which three have settled pastors, while two - more have licentiates working with a view to early settlement , Pasrur is much like many of our old home congregations, which have turned out many ministers and strong Christian leaders, but are themselves without pastors. Many of Pasrur’s sons are in the pastorate or are Bible teachers in other districts, but she her self is still in great need of workers. “The Rev. Jamil ud Din’s work in Pasrur City is worthy of special commendation. One of the elders, a very influential man in the congregation, had to be suspended. Perhaps there is not another man, among the thousands of Christians in Pasrur Dis- i66 India— Work Among Christians. trict, that has so much power. For revenge he threatened to take the whole body of Christians over to the Romish church. The pastor rose to the occasion and is holding his congregation. He has also been untiring in his efforts to save his people from the plague which has been raging in the city for two months. “The Rev. David was settled in Passianwala last summer. The congregation had long been vacant. The people are giving him good support. The Rev. Wadhawa Mall left the jhulki and Cheleke congregations and went to Sargodha. Yaqub, a Seminary graduate, has taken up the work in his place, though the field is most discouraging, having suffered severely from the Romish in vasion. In this section we found Catholics in 22 out of 49 villages. Some of the villages had gone in a body, while a number of fam ilies had gone from each of the others. Yaqub believes the Lord will use him to win them back. W e regret the loss of one of our best pastors, the Rev. Qadir Baksh, from Badomali congregation. Ill health in his family and meager support from the congregation were given as his reasons for resigning. The congregation is with out a pastor and the prospects for settlement are poor.” The Rev. J. H. Stewart reports: “The congregation at Pa- thankot has regular preaching services and a good Sabbath school, the Avalon school girls having their own Christian Endeavor and Women’s Missionary Societies. The district missionary is stated supply, and in his absence Dr. Gulam Ali Miri conducts the ser vices. The congregation supports a worker in the neighboring villages.” The Rev. R. E. Ayers reports: “The work in Rawal Pindi City and Cantonment has suffered a great loss during the past year in the death of Mr. W. E. Nicoll. Not only had he endeared himself to the Indian Christians, but he had a great influence among every class of people in the whole city. In the hearts of European residents he had made for himself a very large place, and was consulted in every matter that worked for the welfare of the community and the upbuilding of the kingdom. Before his death, steps had. been taken towards the organization of a church in the cantonments, and in September this organization was effected. As yet there is no pastor, and, as the membership is composed largely of servants of Europeans, it is so transient that it makes the support of a pastor difficult. A branch Sabbath school in Lai Kurti bazaar has an average attendance of twenty. The Christians of Top Khana bazaar, the brick-kilns, and other places connected with the cantonment congregation, follow the regular Bible study course and take part in an annual contest. This contest is very helpful, encouraging them to learn the Psalms and Bible stories.” The Rev. W. T. Williams reports as follows concerning the city congregation, which we may call the “First Church, Rawal Pindi:” “Death has visited our church a number of times within the past year, the loss of Mr. W. E. Nicoll, especially, being India— Work Among Christians. keenly felt by the members of the congregation. The Sabbath school work has been in good condition, the largest attendance being 117. Attendance at the Sabbath evening service has been very good, but has not been so good at the midweek prayer- meetings. For a part of the year a very flourishing junior meet ing was held weekly, with an average attendance of 14. Mrs. Matthias was the president, and was most faithful in her work for the children. There have been 20 baptisms during the year. Of these, eight have been the fruit of the labors of Siddhu, who has again returned to our employ as city missionary. The people living in cantonments having been organized into a separate con gregation, our membership has decreased. The financial state of the church has been fairly satisfactory and most members have been faithful in giving.” The Rev. F. N. Crawford, of Sangla Hill, reports: “The first congregation in this district was organized in November. It consists of six elders and 128 members, and a Christian commun ity of 199 living in five villages. No pastor has been secured, but the people have pledged enough for about two-thirds of the salary, to be paid when a pastor is secured.” The Rev. J. A. McConnelee, D.D., reports: “The organized work in Sargodha District, in its nine congregations, is in a fairly satisfactory condition. The two congregations in the Government Remount Depot, of which the Rev. Labhu Mall and the Rev. Faqira Mall are pastors, have suffered financially, their crops not being good. They are discouraged, and the spiritual life has suf fered. The Rev. Mangu Mall and his people at Sakesar, continue to prosper. They support their church work, contribute liberally to the mission work of the Synod, and, in addition, pay all the expenses of their school. The Rev. Mallu Chand was installed pastor of the Chak 74 congregation on December 10th. This congregation will be known hereafter as that of Nahrwala. Both pastor and people are very happy in their new relationship. The congregations of Chak 87 and Westonpur, reported vacant last year, have called pastors, and the pastors elect, the Rev. Nathu Mall and the Rev. Farman Din, have taken up their work. In the Chak 87 congregation the contributions of the people, notwith standing the hard times, have been better than ever before. We are glad to be able to report the organization of one new congre gation at Dhrema, a village four or five miles out of Sargodha City. Last year the people of Dhrema were looked after by the Rev. Faqira Mall, of the second church of the Remount Depot, but they were not satisfied. They said th^t they wanted a pastor of their-own, and. though they were only fifteen families, they promised to contribute 180 rupees a year towards his support. The Presbytery effected the organization, and the congregation is, at present, to be served by licentiate D. M. Nathaniel.” The Christian Training Institute congregation in Sialkot has for its pastor the manager of the institution, the Rev. T. E. Hol liday, D.D. He reports as follows: “The weekly prayer-meetings 168 India— Work Among Christians.

and preaching services have been maintained with a good degree of interest. The three Christian Endeavor Societies have done good work. A few members grew careless, but many have been very faithful. Nearly all the boys who joined the church on pro fession of faith in December were from the C. E. groups. The Sabbath school picture cards, kindly furnished us by friends at home, are very much liked by the boys, who recite the golden texts in Urdu in the meetings of the Intermediate and Junior so cieties. The Lord graciously visited us on the occasion of special services held in August, when the Rev. Gandu Mall of Jhelum, and the Rev. W. T. Williams of Rawal Pindi, preached. Seven of the boys united with the church at that time. Twenty have professed their faith in Christ during the year. One elder has been ordained and two others are awaiting ordination. A teacher in Sangla Hill District is partly supported by the gifts of this con gregation.” The Rev. Gulam Masih, pastor of the Sialkot City congrega tion, reports: “The meetings of the week of prayer at the begin ning of the year were well attended, and the people have been regular in their attendance on church services during the year. Special interest has been taken in the series of addresses which are being given by the pastor and others on Sabbath evenings. Noticeable progress in spiritual life has been made by many, and contributions have increased. There has been little increase in membership, more stress having been laid on the thorough instruc tion of inquirers before baptism than on increase in numbers. One group of low caste people, whom we had been unsuccessful in reaching before, has responded to our teaching this year, and many of them have made marked progress. An association of Indian young men, on the lines of the Y. M. C. A., has been a great help in the work of the congregation, especially in holding meetings for those who cannot attend the church services. The aim of the society is to promote the religious life of the congrega tion and to increase social fellowship among its members by means of social meetings, the expenses of which are met by the members of the society. Many people are reached who otherwise would not be.” The Rev. W. M. McKelvey reports: “We have in Sialkot District six congregations, four of which are still vacant and are supplied with teachers by the Mission, as unorganized centers are. The work in them is, on the whole, encouraging. Two young men from this district have just finished their course in the train ing class of the Theological Seminary, and we hope to have them settled as pastors soon. The pastors of the two self-supporting congregations have had many difficulties and discouragements. Failure of the winter crops left them with scant support, and proselytizing agents, Roman Catholics, have preyed upon the flocks of both, taking almost half of one flock, and making many of those left behind disaffected. The pastors are discouraged and very short India— Work Among Christians. of funds. They spend much time and strength in settling quarrels caused by the oppression of the Christians by the Hindu and Mo hammedan farmers who employ them.” The Rev. S. C. Picken reports from Zafarwal District: “Things for which to give praise can be observed as we look back over the work of the congregations during the past year. The Roman Catholic agents tried very hard to tear down the work of the congregations, but have secured little return for their labors. Financial difficulties, due to the war and the failure of the summer crops, have made it very hard for the people to exist. Christians have fallen off and the desire for instruction has decreased. Any increase in membership has been from the children of Christian families. The Ainowali congregation, which gave such promise two or three years ago, is now without a pastor. The Rev. David resigned and the people have become careless. In some of the villages in the Zafarwal congregation, a deeper spiritual life is maintained. We do not hear so many requests for land, and the desires of the people are finding expression in other ways, espe cially along educational lines.”

SABBATH SCHOOLS

Three large, well organized and well conducted Sabbath schools have been carried on in Gujranwala the past year, one in the city church, one in the Boys’ High School, and one in the Boys’ Industrial Home. Gurdaspur reports a Sabbath school in connection with the city church and one in the village of Awankha. Jhelum reports a number of Sabbath schools, the chief one being in the city church, where they have a complete organization. There are five classes in this school and the attendance is about 70. A judicious system of prize giving has increased interest in the work of the school. A number passed the All-India S. S. Exami nation. Another very good Sabbath school is in the Boys’ Middle School in Jhelum. Martinpur reports that a very special blessing has attended the work of the Sabbath school. Last year the attendance was 35, this year the enrolment is 169. The collections have increased from Rs. 10 to Rs. 85. Thirty-four passed the All-India S. S. Examination .aid received certificates. Lyallpur reports one Sabbath school in the city, and in Man- pur the Sabbath school method is used with good results in the church service. The Pasrur City Sabbath school has an enrolment of 201, with an average attendance of 154. The total contributions amounted to Rs. 115. The Sabbath school, together with the Women’s Missionary Society, bought a new bell for the church, and all take great pleasure in it. The teacher of the Mission school for boys in the city is superintendent, and much of the India— Work Among Christians. success of the year’s work is due to his interest in the school, and especially in the weekly teachers’ meetings. Pathankot reports a good Sabbath school in the city church. There are several Sabbath schools carried on in Rawal Pindi. One of chief interest is a branch of the one in the city congrega tion and is carried on by Peter Ponsonby, M.A., Professor in Gor don Mission College, who reports as follows: “This school has been in existence for nearly ten years. Most of the boys are under twelve years of age. They are Hindus and Sikhs who attend the Mission branch school. The attendance is entirely voluntary, a few picture cards and the ‘Children’s Friends’ being the only in ducements. The little fellows pay keen attention to the Bible stories. One of them, whom I knew in 1905 as a tiny fellow, is now reading in Gordon Mission College. I have profited much by my connection with this Sabbath school since its opening.” Sargodha reports that Sabbath schools have been maintained in all the organized congregations and in connection with several of the day schools. In the Sargodha congregation there is not only a central school, but also three branch schools. The interest in all of these is excellent. The Rev. Gulam Masih, pastor of the Sialkot City congrega tion, reports: “We have a united Sabbath school for both Chris tians and non-Christians. Good interest is manifested. Quite a number of both Christians and non-Christians appeared in the All-India S. S. Examination. We have about 150 non-Christian boys in the school and 80 Christians from the different sections of the city. We had a Christmas entertainment which encouraged the pupils.” The Christian Training Institute reports that 70 of their boys passed the All-India S. S. Examination. The boys of this institu tion have kept up a Sabbath school in a neighboring village for the past two years.

WOMEN’S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES There were 35 members reported in the Gujranwala society at the close of the year. The number was reduced when the wives of the theological students who graduated left Gujranwala. The contributions amounted to Rs. 33, Rs. 24 of which was given to ward the support of the school maintained by the Gujranwala congregation. The thank-offering was Rs. 50. A temperance meeting was held every three months. The women of the Gurdaspur society take an active interest in its work. The average attendance at the monthly meetings has been ten. The women often make a few voluntary remarks after the leader has finished speaking. In the business meetings, also, much interest is displayed. At the beginning of the year the members pledge a certain amount of money. They usually pay all that has been pledged, and sometimes pay several months in ad India— Work Among Christians. 171 vance. The society has undertaken the support of Akki, a little girl who will never be able to walk. In her village there was no one to look after her and she was sent to the Girls’ Industrial Home, where she is learning not only how to cook and sew, but also about Christ. Her life, which otherwise might have been almost useless, can now be used in the service of her Master. Besides this, a small monthly allowance is sent to a blind woman who lives in a village near Gurdaspur. The thank-offering amounted to Rs. 48, Rs. 20 of which was sent to the War Relief Fund. The three most faithful members are women who live in a village some distance from the city. These women cannot read, but are very faithful in attending not only this, but all the church services. In Khangah Dogran, one village society is led by the pastor’s wife, who, although she cannot read, is very anxious for the women to learn, and does all she can to help them. They take as ‘their subject for the weekly meeting the pastor’s sermon of the previous Sabbath, each contributing as much as she can remember and adding thoughts of her own. The leader makes good use of the Sabbath school picture rolls in teaching Bible stories. The Psalms they sing are often a mixture of two or three, and the book is open at the wrong page, but they express the praise in their hearts. It is such a pleasure to find those who really appreciate the little clay thank-offering jugs, and put in their offerings when they have some cause for thanksgiving. The thank-offering for the district amounted to Rs. 50. The Lyallpur society has 12 members. There has been an increase in the collections and thank-offering and more Mo hammedan and Hindu women have attended the meetings than formerly. Two night meetings were held in the summer on the Mission compound. A number of secluded women attended these and were much interested. Not all of the 60 members of the Pasrur society have shown their interest by regular attendance at the meetings, but more than half of them have been faithful. The members who can read have taken turns in conducting the meetings and have made careful preparation. A new feature has been the fancy work made by some of the members, which sold for Rs. 15. The contributions for the year amounted to Rs. 75, and the thank-offering was Rs. 117. There are four village societies in Pathankot, only one of which, Sujanpur, has a regular leader. She endeavors to have the society meet once a week, at which time she reads to them and teaches them Psalms and Bible verses. They have collected quite a sum of money in their box. The missionaries held meetings for the other three societies as they had opportunity, and took their thank-offerings. Besides money, flour, rice, and other grains were contributed. The mem bership is 54 and the thank-offerings amounted to Rs. 10. 172 India— Work Among Christians.

There are 37 members in the Rawal Pindi society. The yearly contributions amounted to Rs. 100 and the thank-offering to Rs. 120. Weekly meetings were held throughout the year. The prayer-meeting committee made out the program for the year and appointed leaders. Bible characters formed the basis of the course of study. The attendance was good. At the first of each month a business meeting was held in connection with the regular exercises, and at the last meeting a social. The membership of the Sangla Hill society is small. It was a great disappointment that the Gujranwala Presbyterial had to be postponed on account of plague. Eager interest had been shown in the Bible story contest which was to have taken place. The thank-offering from Sangla Hill District was Rs. 60. The women of almost every village had a part in it, and this service of giving seemed more of a delight to them than that of any previous year. Miss Cleland gives the following report of the Sargodha Presbyterial, which met in April: “A large number of women were present. Some of them walked for ten miles carrying their babies; some came in bullock carts, and others on the train, all providing their own fare. We had announced that we would provide a place to sleep, and would furnish food at cost price if any wished to purchase. Some brought enough cooked food to last two or three meals and others bought from us. The only place they had to sleep was on the ground, but they did this with out a murmur. One of them remarked the next morning that her bones were broken from lying on the hard ground, but she said it with such a bright smile that one might have thought she was giving some cheerful news. Another remarked very philosophi cally, ‘After all,; .there is no place so good to sleep on as the ground.’ The second night a heavy rain came on and their shelter offered little protection. Even then there were no complaints, they were only sorry that we got wet trying to make them com fortable. “The meetings commenced on Saturday evening. The wife of one of the pastors read a very good paper on ‘Our Responsi bility in the Work of Proclaiming the Gospel.’ The program for Sabbath began with a Bible study, followed by a talk on ‘What should we do for the Women of India?’ In the afternoon the pastor of the Sargodha congregation spoke. A thank-offering service was then held, which was followed by an address on ‘What will my, Memorial be?’ An informal prayer-meeting in the even ing closed the devotional part of the program. With the exception of the pastor’s talk, everything was done by the Indian women. Th,e next morning the business session was held. W e realize from these meetings that our dependent Punjabi women are growing strong and self-reliant.” There has been an increase in the membership of the Sialkot society, chiefly from the pupils of the Girls’ Boarding School. India— Unorganized Christian Work. 173

There are now 59 enrolled. Some of the members contributed crochet work, which was sold for Rs. 47. The regular contribu tions of the society were Rs.6o. The thank-offering was, work which sold for Rs. 18, and cash Rs. 57. The, total contributions for the year were Rs. 182. The Zafarwal society is very much alive, and the work of the past year has been quite encouraging. There was only a small increase in the, thank-offering, but a larger per çent. pf it was given by the Indian women. The thank-offering service was held in April, at the time of the workers’ Bible School, and new earthen jugs were given out for the year. The workers’ wives are honorary members and most of them give .thank-offerings. The average Indian woman’s knowledge is very limited, but through the studies of the year they have become somewhat acquainted with. the work in other lands. Even the ones who cannot read show interest, and .take pride in leading the meetings. Two so cieties have recently been organized in the district. The Sialkot Presbyterial was held in Zafarwal in April, and the interest of the women was much stimulated by this meeting.

UNORGANIZED CHRISTIAN WORK.

WORK AMONG CHRISTIAN MEN The Rev. W. D. Mercer, of Gujranwala, reports : “Eight circles still remain without organization. These contain about 75 villages in which there are Christians. Two of these circles are without workers and regular instruction, but during the itin erating season they are visited. While progress has been reported in a few of the circles, in many others the people are discouraged because we cannot give them the help and instruction which is so necessary to new converts. When the force is far too small to care for the Christian community, how can we ever expect to take up the work in the several hundred untouched non-Christian villages in our district?” The Rev. A. M. Laing reports : “The unorganized work in Gurdaspur. District is grouoed in seven circles. Three of these are under the supervision of neighboring settled pastors, and four are cared for by workers paid by the Mission. The pastor who supervises the work in one of the circles, is only able to visit his villages three or four times a year. Many of the people have joined the Salvation Army. The Sikhs have attracted the Chris tians of one village. In another circle, with the exception of one village, the people are making progress. The Christians of this village went to the Salvation Army, but are anxious to get back, as they now have no school privileges, and their hope of getting land has been disappointed. There are signs of life in some 174 India— Unorganized Christian Work. villages. Cases of confession of sin indicate that the Spirit is working. In one village the people were led astray by a woman who claimed to be possessed by an evil spirit. She so influenced them that for years little was accomplished. Now they are very anxious to be restored to the fellowship of the church.” The Rev. H. C. Chambers reports: “In spite of proselytizing sects, both numerous and active, there has been no decrease either in membership or contributions in Khangah Dogran District. The Roman Catholics, who are usually able to offer material induce ments to our Christians, have had an exceptional opportunity along this line in securing a large tract of land to sublet to their followers. This trap caught a number of our good people. Our newest rival is the sect of Seventh Day Adventists, who have a number of workers employed, and have been touring in the dis trict this winter. They are preparing to open a hospital and school work. We also had a visit from a Mormon elder, straight from Salt Lake City, Utah. So far as known, he only made one convert, but we need to be much in prayer that this work of the Evil One does not grow and increase. The land fever, in con nection with the opening of the new canal in Montgomery Dis trict, is still having an unsettling effect upon the Christian com munity, making regular instruction and pastoral settlements most difficult. War prices and the injury done to the cotton and cane crops by hail and frost, are having a serious effect on the contri butions.” The Rev. J. H. Martin, D.D., of Lyallpur, reports: “Last year 70 per cent, of our Christians were in unorganized circles. This year only 60 per cent. The goal of our work is to get all converts into organized congregations and that these shall be self- supporting and self-governing. We are glad to report some progress in this direction, notwithstanding the efforts of Roman Catholic priests and others. The Lord’s Supper has been dis pensed in many more places than ever before. The interest in the village Bible study course continues unabated, and the results of these studies are being seen more and more in the lives of the people. Two more circles are in process of organization.” The Rev. E. V. Clements of Pasrur reports: “Mr. Nesbitt was in the district until November, when he was transferred to Gujranwala. His untiring crusade against the Romanists has had a good effect. The workers have been indoctrinated as to the teachings of Romanism, so that all are now on their guard. The question is still a serious one, however, as the priest is most active in his efforts. For a time this season he followed us with a small camp, trying to win the people over to his side. His success is not always permanent. Two villages, whose Christians had joined him, were recently reported as ready to come back to us.” The Rev. J. H. Stewart reports: “The general spiritual con dition of the village Christians in Pathankot District is about as it was last year. Factional disturbances and the old habits to India— Unorganised Christian Work. 175 which they have been addicted from childhood still hold sway over them to some extent. Zeal for their Master’s kingdom, and a longing for spiritual food, have not laid hold on them as we would like. Oh, for a baptism of the Holy Spirit on each little group of Christians in their own villages! ” The Rev. F. N. Crawford of Sangla Hill reports: “Six of the villages in this district have no teacher, and many of the people in them know little more than the ten commandments, the creed, and the Lord’s Prayer, and the simplest teaching concerning the plan of salvation. No wonder we find them clinging to their old customs. One day, when a sturdy, bright-eyed, dirty-faced youngster of seven was about to be baptized, the worker inter rupted. He had seen a small leather pocket fastened to a silver ornament suspended from the child’s neck. The faqir’s having fastened them on the child, or his having mumbled over them some incantation, or placed something in the little leather pocket,— one or all of these combined were to keep illness or evil spirits away from the bov. The parents’ faith had been in these charms of the faqir instead of in the living God. On being instructed they re moved them and the boy was baptized.” The Rev. J. A. McConnelee, D.D., reports: “Outside the regular, organized congregation in Sargodha, we have Christians in 120 villages. These are divided into seven circles. But little regular systematic work can be done in each village. For instance, one evangelist has a parish 10 miles long and 7 wide, with his people living in 24 villages. Another man has over a thousand Christians under his care, and these are scattered through 15 vil lages. The work is characterized by several special features. (1) There is a portion of our Christian community who are becoming more careless and indifferent to religious matters, with little or no desire to learn and to live better lives. From among these not a few of them have gone over to the Roman Catholics. (2) From the organized congregations, with settled pastors, the defections have been almost none. God is thus putting his seal on his own institution, and by this is urging upon us the necessity of organiz ing our circles as fast as possible. (3) We are glad to report that a considerable number of our people are showing marked progress in spiritual knowledge and Christian living.” The Rev. W. M. McKelvey of Sialkot reports: “ There is an encouraging increase in the number of those who are learning the Bible Course for Christians. Men, women, and children, and even the old people, are proud of their ability to tell Bible stories. This has been the result of practical instruction in methods of teaching given to the workers, both men and women, during the Bible school. There has also been progress in the ability of the people to grasp the teaching in the Bible stories. In some of the remote villages, where the people have joined the Roman Catholics, old mud idols, are still worshipped, but among our own people these have been torn down. Another sign of progress is that the Chris- 176 , India— Unorganised, Christian Work.

tians. haye .almpsticeaaed to celebrate the feasts for the dead and to indulge in, questionable songs and amusements at weddings. Marriages with the Mohammedan ceremony, which used to be very common, are no^ aimp^t unheard of. Our popple are begin ning to take pride in being Christians.” ! P The Rev. S. C. Picken reports from Zafarwal: , “In a number of. new villages the people have been learning and, ,ar$, ready for baptism. All the villages in which there are Christians; are pro vided with teachers. The Bible course has been, more faithfully taught: than last year, and we see the resultsas we go about among the people. In ;one, Christian center the people rdesire to be organ- ize4 ,m.to a congregation. Our Sabbath services have not been so well attended, this year, becaus.e farmers are, not ,so; willing to let th^ir; Christian servants go as heretofore. We hope for the time when the Christian popple,, will ¡be free to. spend the day in worship.” ;

VILLAGE WORK AMONG CHRISTIAN WOMEN From Gujranwala District the Misses M. M. Wilson and Buchanan report that, as the joint meetings of men and women dur ing the camping season did not afford a good opportunity to teach the women, separate meetings were arranged. This pleased the women, and one would hardly have believed that the eager talka tive crowd that now gave such earnest -attention and was so re sponsive was the same that had sat with such apathy in the meetings planned for the men. “Some of the most pleasant even ings of my life,” Miss Wilson writes, “were spent in half-dark rooms, teaching the women to treasure up Christ’s promises. How they would sigh with comfort and gratitude over the Fourteenth of John! We found very few women who knew anything of Christ’s teaching about the future life. How they appreciated His teaching, which they heard for the first time, about the man who had a beam in his own ey^ and would take a mote out of his brother’s eye. By the time we had got to love each other and had learned a verse and a part of a Psalm, the meeting would be over, and the air in the room would be vile. W e had enough clothing on to stand the door open, but the women were too thinly clad for that. We always made the meetings so short that the women beg ged us to stay longer, “Another interesting feature of the year’s work was an en deavor to get our Christian girls to attend day school. Upon the advice of some of the Indian pastors, we tried offering each girl who would attend regularly a. monthly scholarship of four cents. We did this because there were no girls in school, and no parents who understood the desirability of their being there. This meager prize was so attractive to the girls and their mothers that 200 girls have attended, though never more than 175 have been present at one time. In about a dozen villages we took a list of all the India— Unorganised Christian Work. 177 mothers and daughters and besieged the mothers personally until all the girls were enrolled. Several other teachers, seeing what was done, gathered the girls in their neighborhood into their schools. Three schools for girls were opened. One, which was taught by the young wife of a worker, was declared the best taught of all the Mission primary schools in the district. Sixteen girls were making splendid progress when the teacher died of con sumption. No teacher has been found for the place since. Later a second school was closed, but the third, which has sixteen girls, is still being taught by a fairly efficient woman.” Miss Laing writes that for the 130 villages in Gurdasptir District containing Christians there are only 12 Indian workers, and not all of these are ordained ministers. Though these men devote their time to the teaching of the Word, yet for many of them it is impossible to spend even one day a week in each village. The villages in which there are schools with Christian teachers have, of course, a great advantage. The missionaries feel that a great deal has been accomplished in that a girls’ school has been opened in one of the villages. This is, they hope, only the first of many in Gurdaspur District. Very few of the Christian girls are enrolled in the village schools— only about 32 at present. Miss Hopkins of Khangah Dogran District reports: “ In villages where the women have been taught regularly by the worker, the majority have done well in learning the S. S. lesson stories, together with the golden texts. Some did better in the examination than the men. The great need is for more workers. Many people who are not receiving regular instruction lose interest and the little that they had learned seems to slip from them. Growth is so imperceptible that we almost become discouraged, yet we feel that their desire for learning is growing.” Miss McConnell writes from Lyallpur: “If a comparison of results of the work of this year and that of the previous year, among the Christian women in our district does not make us wholly glad, it does lead us to rejoice for many that have been found faithful and true in the face of many adversaries. During the past itinerating season, less frequent requests for worldly ad vancement have been heard and oftener the request, ‘Send us a teacher to live among us, that we may learn God’s Word.’ Last year 25 Bible stories were selected to be taught, and a contest in reciting them was held in Lyallpur. Prizes were given both to the teachers and to the women. Some who knew not Christ a year ago are learning to walk in the newness of life in Him. “There have been disappointments in our efforts to get village girls into our boarding schools, but still we rejoice that more are enrolled now than ever before.” From Pasrur District Miss Kyle writes: “As the number of workers and teachers has not increased in proportion to the number of converts, the people of many villages have made little progress since they were baptized. In some instances they have 178 India— Unorganised Christian Work. even forgotten what they had learned. But we have our encour agements, too, to make us happy. “In Gandowal, two women, who were baptized during the campaign in 1911, recited 20 Bible stories. Ten years ago, Kako, of Sodi Jajja, testified to what the Lord had done for her. She said, ‘Before we were Christians we were often hungry for days, and I was so stingy that I would not give a glass of buttermilk to a stranger. Now we have plenty, and I am glad to divide all that I have.’ This year she was the same happy, enthusiastic Kako. She made the younger women keep still while she recited Bible stories. “The Roman Catholics are continuing their work in our dis trict. Many have joined them, but as a rule the women are still friendly and do not understand why a change has been made. When the people have had an opportunity to investigate the prac tices of the Roman Catholics, those who have learned God’s Word are disgusted. A son of Protestant parents had married into a Roman Catholic family. His mother said, ‘They wear charms and count their beads just as the faqirs do.’ That is the reason they have left out the second commandment. They have become idolators.” Miss R. T. Wilson writes that in Pathankot District there are only 14 villages in which there are Christians. Few of them have had regular instruction and many have become careless and indifferent. The non-Christian women are often interested by the hearty way in which the Christians sing the Psalms and recite Bible stories and verses. Two Bible women are needed for Sujanpur and one for Pathankot. In several places the women are asking that Mission schools be opened for their girls. From Sangla Hill District Miss Hill reports: “The itiner ating season has been the usual round of visits to the villages, receiving visits at the tent, dispensing medicines to mothers and children, holding thank-offering meetings, teaching Bible stories and verses and Psalms, admonishing, rebuking, exhorting, and encouraging. One special feature was the holding of a meeting for women each Sabbath before the regular church service. At these meetings we used a picture roll illustrating the life of Christ, and dwelt especially on His death. A larger number of women were admitted to the communion service this year than ever before.” 1 I From Sargodha District Miss Cleland reports: “We are encouraged about the condition of our Christian women. Some are still going to the Roman Catholics, but they are mostly those who have never shown sisrns of life. Some of those who went to them are growin? more hardened, while others are comin? back to us. Many of the people, especially the women, do not know what it all means. “As we were expecting to observe the Lord’s Supper with the people of one village, who had never observed it before, we were India— Unorganised Christian Work. 179 teaching them about it beforehand so they would understand what it meant. We talked about the necessity for cleansing the heart and making everything right between one another as well as between themselves and God, before coming to the Lord’s table. One woman interrupted to say, ‘Then I will have to get a matter straightened up. The worker’s wife has been unfriendly toward me for some time. I will have to go to her and make that right before Sabbath.’ We heard nothing more about it, but from the light on their faces as they joined in the service we knew they must have made everything right.” Miss Moore of Sialkot District writes: “It is impossible to state in figures how much our people gained in 1914, but we believe that in many villages and in many individual lives there has been substantial progress. The growth of the Christian is like that of a healthy child, gradual, scarcely perceptible, and yet steady. They themselves recognize a change from the old life and thank God for it. Superstitions die hard, but they are dying, and there is more evidence of faith and trust in God. Still too, many so-called Christians know nothing of God’s power, and have never experienced the new birth. Oh, that the Spirit would breathe up on these dry bones that they might live! “In one village four generations were baptized at one time. The great-grandmother was feeble and confined to her bed., but made a remarkably clear confession of her faith and was very anxious to be received along with her children. She said she had not worshipped idols since she heard the Gospel, and that she believed in none but Christ, Who alone can save. After talking with one woman about our Lord’s life, death, and resurrection, we asked where He now lives. She instantly replied, ‘Within us. Why should He need to go elsewhere ?’ “We have been trying to visit all who had gone to the Roman Catholics. They need the Gospel as badly as the Hindus and Mohammedans, but have been often less willing to listen. The latter part of this year there has been a marked change in their attitude, and, whatever the occasion may be, we are thankful for another opportunity to reach these wandering lambs, and to seek to bring them back to the fold. A few days ago a woman said to us, ‘We made a great mistake when we turned Catholics. Since then no one teaches us.’ ” Of the work in Zafarwal District Miss Whitely writes: “To make much progress in one year is impossible for most of our villages, but there are many who are making the steady upward climb. The increasing absence of charms, iron rings, bracelets and knotted cords, which are worn because of superstition, is notice able and very encouraging. “Dunne: the year we have visited all the Christian villages, ^nd have been greatly helped in the work by having our Bible woman, Leah, with us. In the morning she teaches the women who come for medicine, and in the afternoon goes with us to the 180 India— Unorganised Christian Work. villages. Lack of interest or ability on the part of both the women and the village teachers is a problem with which we some times have to struggle. By many of the people the real joy of the Christian life and the preciousness of the Word have not been grasped. But how our hearts were gladdened when we heard one woman say, ‘I believe on Christ because of my sins/ and another, ‘Christ came from heaven to draw the world to Himself.’ ”

CHRISTIAN MELAS Four districts report Christian melas. In Gujranwala one was held for two days in July. This was the first one held in the district, and the attendance was about 800. The Rev. D. R. Gor don, D.D., and the Rev. Fazl Din rendered valuable aid. The program included classes and devotional meetings. Special atten tion was given to the women. There were four or five classes taught by capable Indian women, each pupil being taught two Bible stories. There were also children’s classes. Much interest was manifested throughout all the meetings. Gurdaspur reports that the mela held there was very well attended. It was marked by a number of contests. There was a Bible reading contest for pastors, one in reciting Bible lessons for elders, one in reciting Bible verses for members, and also one between various congregations in congregational singing. At the close of the mela the Rev. D. R. Gordon, D.D., gave an excellent address. The Semi-annual Christian Endeavor Convention is the only Christian mela held in Khangah Dogran District. The non- Christians in the villages where it is held always show an interest, and usually aid materially in the entertainment. This year the Hindus rented a large meeting-tent to the convention for a very small sum. The people liked it so well that they at once subscribed over Rs. 100 to buy one of their own. Zafarwal reports that in June a mela was held in the center of the district. It being a new thing and not well advertised, the attendance was only about 75. Sports of different kinds formed a part of the program. Plans for an annual mela were discussed.

BIBLE SCHOOLS Gujranwala District held its Bible School for ten days in April. There was a good attendance of the workers and their wives. The Rev. J. H. Martin, d .d ., the Rev. W. T. Anderson, and the Rev. Labhu Mall assisted. One feature of the school was a memory contest. Six persons, three men and three women, recited from memory the book of Philipnians, and each received a prize. One, who is the mother of four children, received a double prize. With this money she bought an aluminum cup and had it properly inscribed to hand down to her children. Dr. Martin’s India— Unorganized Christian Work. 181

afternoon addresses on “The Christian Home” were especially helpful. The remarks of many of the women showed that they wanted their homes to be better. In the evenings Misses M. M. Wilson and Buchanan played games with the workers’ children, which added much to their pleasure and profit. Gurdaspur held two Bible Schools last year, the first of which was for the workers. More attended this year than last. Paul’s letter to the Ephesians and the Book of Government and Worship were taught in the classes. There was also an inspirational address each day. The Revs. E. E. Campbell, Yusaf, and Barkat Masih very ably assisted. The second Bible School, lasting for three days, was for elders, deacons, and candidates for the office of deacon. The average attendance was about 35. The Rev. D. R. Gordon, D.D., gave suitable addresses for elders. The part of the Book of Government and Worship relating to the elders was studied, as were also those passages of the New Testament which relate to the officers of the church. Jhelum Bibie School was held for ten days in May. After devotional exercises each day the school was divided into classes for the study of Galatians. Afternoon addresses were given by the Revs. H. S. Nesbit and E. E. Campbell. The vesper services were held informally and were much enjoyed. A communion ser vice was held on Sabbath near the close of the school. Besides the workers many members of the Jhelum congregation enjoyed the spiritual helpfulness of these meetings. Khangah Dogran Bible School was held during the last ten days of July. As no lady missionaries were in the station at that time, the workers’ wives did not attend. The morning studies in II Timothy proved to be very opportune, as much of the letter deals with false teachers and sects, of which there is an unusual influx just now. The evening program consisted of conferences on school work, self-support, false sects, and prayer, and two evenings of bazaar preaching and addresses by the Rev. J. A. McConnelee, D.D. Following each evening meeting, a very help ful and refreshing prayer service was held on the roof of the bungalow. A splendid feeling of fellowship was manifest in all the meetings and a quiet communion service brought the school to a close. The Sangla Hill Bible School for women was held for ten days in September. Through the kindness of Miss F. J. Jameson the women .were entertained in one of the cottages of the new girls’ school. Daily classes in Bible reading and memory work were held. The school closed with a special communion service. The Sargodha Bible School was held in April. The subject for the morning Bible lesson was “The Church of the Apostolic Age, a Study of the Church in the Acts and Epistles.” The regu lar program was interrupted by a special “Elders’ Day.” This feature was so successful that a similar day is being planned for next year. Miss Margaret Wilson helped in teaching the women. i82 India— Unorganized Christian Work.

The evening meetings were devotional and evangelistic. The Rev. E. E. Campbell and the Rev. J. H. Martin, D.D., gave addresses. The Sialkot Bible School was held from the middle of April to the middle of May. The Rev. W. T. Anderson, the Rev. J. A. McConnelee, D.D., and Miss N. J. Spencer assisted. In the Bible classes Paul’s letters to the Thessalonians were studied. There were also classes in the Bible Course for Christians. Each after noon an informal meeting was held at which some village problem, difficulty, or temptation was discussed. At 5 p. m. lectures were given on “Christian Life Problems.” In the evenings three sec tional prayer-meetings were held. The earnestness in Bible study, enthusiasm in learning and discussing Bible stories, and faithful ness in attending all meetings, combined to make this year’s school unique in our experience. The result has been seen in the work among the villages. Zafarwal Bible School was held the latter part of April. The Rev. J. H. Martin, D.D., and the Rev. D. R. Gordon, D.D., and the Rev. Mallu Chand ably assisted. In the evenings helpful prayer meetings, based on the study of the “Letters to the Seven Churches,” were held. In the women’s classes character studies on the women of the Bible were taken up, while the men studied the Bible Course for Christians. The program was so arranged that while the women were in class the men could care for the children. Much interest and good spirit were manifested through out. The Rev. J. H. Martin, D.D., conducted the communion ser vice the last Sabbath. T e a c h i n g W o m e n N a t i v e a t P a t h a n k o t . Mu sicia n s. India— Evangelistic Work. 183

EVANGELISTIC WORK.

WORK AMONG NON-CHRISTIAN MEN IN VILLAGES

In the work of evangelism there are two notes of special en couragement throughout the whole field— the lessening of preju dice and bigoted opposition, and the increasing number of those who are honestly seeking and inquiring for the truth. The Indian people move in the mass. The real work of the missionary, out side of the general development of the Christian community, is to prepare other classes and castes for a coming mass movement. This requires the patience born of foresight. The signs indicating the opening up of work among the Chamars and Mazhabi Sikhs are increasing, and there are inquirers from all classes. “In due season we shall reap;” Even now a note of real triumph rings out from one district and another, as some of these inquirers are enrolled as confessed followers of Jesus Christ. The Rev. W. D. Mercer reports: “No work directly for non- Christians has been done in Gujranwala District, except by one worker. W e believe, however, that much is being accomplished indirectly, m creating public sentiment in favor of Christianity. There are several hundred Hindu and Mohammedan boys en rolled in our schools, and they are required to learn the facts of Christianity and to memorize portions of the Gospels. Many non-Christians hear the Gospel preached each year as we itinerate through the district. In nearly every village, when we hold a service, there are Hindus and Mohammedans standing by listen ing. The attitude of these is always friendly, and as soon as the force of workers becomes sufficient the harvest will be found ready.” The Rev. A. M. Laing of Gurdaspur reports: “The needs of the work for the large Christian population are of such a crying nature that with the present inadequate staff of workers net much else can be done. During the year there have been among the inquirers two Hindus who came desiring baptism. Both said they were not wanting any financial support, but rather were willing, out of their means, to help the Mission. Neither of them has been baptized.” From Jhelum District the Rev. Harris J. Stewart writes that the difficulty of the spiritual task of winning access to the hearts of the people is paralleled by the physical difficulty of reaching their villages and homes. “Sections of this district which are not mountainous are furrowed by deep and rugged ravines or ob structed by wide stretches of sandy river bed. The railroad touches but a little part of its extensive area, and roads fit for a 184 India— Evangelistic Work.

horse and cart are very few. Hence it is, that in the four or five months suitable for camp life it is possible to visit but a small fraction of the total number of villages in the district. Owing to the further fact that the laborers are few, the majority of the vil- ages have never been visited by the missionary. In one of the hitherto untouched parts, the village of Wagh was reached after a weary push through a break in the mountain chain caused by a river bed, five or more miles of which was through sand or water. Our trouble in getting there was rewarded by the privilege of preaching to people as yet unacquainted with the Gospel. Some had never so much as heard of the existence of missionaries. A good many Scripture portions were sold. The village boasted of a Government primary school and there was a fair proportion of people who could read and write. Our exit from this secluded valley was by a route even more difficult than that taken to reach it. Everywhere we go we continue to meet opposition to the Gos pel message, varying from simple indifference to outspoken blasphemy, and not infrequently threats of physical injury. How ever, a few seem really interested, and there are several who may be considered true inquirers. Apart from the outpouring of the Spirit of God in converting power, the great need of the district is for more and better trained laborers. Three men of mediocre qualifications constitute the regular native force employed in di rect evangelistic effort. More missionaries are needed. With the advent of the railroad to Chakwal, a Mission station should, by all means, be opened in that vicinity, to say nothing of other needy centers.” The Rev. H. C. Chambers reports from Khangah Dugran District-. “I think we have never had better hearings among Hindus and Mohammedans than we have had the past year. A number of individuals may be called inquirers. One of these, a Mohammedan maulvi, recently said that he was convinced of the truth of Christianity and the divinity of Christ, and was ready to come out openly and accept Christ as soon as he knew how he could, after becoming a Christian, support his family. I was very much surprised not long since in attending a religious service of the Young Men’s Arya Samaj League, to learn the great extent to which they are copying Christian methods and forms. They have two services weekly, one on Sabbath and one on Wednesday evening. They sing in their meetings, using the same tunes that we use with our Punjabi Psalms. They have a leader and offer voluntary prayers, addressing God as Father. Within the last month the low caste community in three villages has definitely taken a stand for Christianity.” The Rev. J. H. Martin, D.D., Lyallpur, reports: “The best method of getting at the evangelistic work is colportage. A copy of the Gospel is offered for sale, and a question is asked as to the general purport of the book, and so the Good News is presented in an informal way and the book itself is taken to be read later. India— Evangelistic Work. 185

Since the war broke out the demand for Scripture portions is not so good, nor is as much interest shown in the message as during the first half of the year. I seldom speak in public without being asked to give the latest war news. Last year people were inter ested in Indian politics, this year they hardly know what their politics are, but they want to hear the latest news from the front. The good news from heaven is not their first interest by any means. Yet we feel encouraged to go on sowing the seed of the kingdom, seeing that in many hearts it has already sprung up. If asked to state what we want from home more than all else, the answer would have to be the prayers of those who have power with God. W e grow weary of mere interesting discussions when we do not see conviction and faith in Christ. We have a keen sense of the need of the quickening power of the Spirit of -God. Will you not pray that the Lord may enable His servants to proclaim His message with fearless courage while He stretches forth His arm to save, and do marvellous things through the name of Jesus Christ?” The Rev. E. V. Clements of Pasrur reports: “Special atten tion was paid to the non-Christians in connection with the Chris tians in itinerating. Maulvi Khuda Bakhsh, a converted Moham medan leader, is our evangelist. He is now an old man and his testimony to Jesus Christ is wonderful. To reach our Christians in Pasrur City, a large reading room was opened in October, and Lai Singh, a convert from the Hindus, was placed in charge. He reports for November and December, 1914, public addresses 37, personal interviews 720, Bibles and portions sold 165, and total attendance 1,242. A motor cycle has been playing a lively part in this season’s itinerating. It has proved itself a great time saver. A few days ago we came to camp from Pasrur, 11 miles over heavy sandy roads. I stopped at a village and held an hour’s ser vice, stopped at another village to see a worker, and arrived in camp an hour before the ladies, who started from Pasrur before I did and came straight through.” The Rev. John H. Stewart reports from Pathankot District: “A Hindu goldsmith, who, we believe, did love Christ as the Sav iour, died in November while the camp was at his village. He had not been baptized, but was preparing his friends to be baptized with him. They all witness to the fact that he was a Christian at heart, and that he read and talked about spiritual things with them. Every day he would gather them together and read from the New Testament and teach them. When asked about being baptized he would say, ‘Not yet, I must not lose my hold on these friends until they are ready too.’ At his cremation they seemed greatly impressed as I talked to them about the resurrection. Cer tainly the Lord used Nathu most wonderfully. We believe that not a few whom he influenced will be brought into the kingdom, for his life surely was as leaven in his little village. We have used the stereopticon about 60 nights in showing Bible pictures before audiences averaging 200. All classes come to see and to hear the 186 India— Evangelistic Work.

Word preached, but especially does this mode of preaching seem to appeal to the illiterate, who have a childlike fondness for pic tures. W e praise God that increasing numbers are privately ex pressing the conviction that faith in the Son of God is the only way to salvation. The writer of the anonymous call, which came last winter from Basauli, back in the foot-hills, wrote again, giving his name and asking that a Bible be sent to him. We were about to send it by mail when one of the workers volunteered to take it. He spent four days there in preaching and colportage work. He sold 76 books, distributed 500 tracts, and reported a fine reception. They sent in a definite request for a school for the benefit of the children of the lower castes. Oh, that we might grasp such op portunities ! It may be too late next year; but our hands are tied for want of funds and men.” In Rawal Pindi District it has been a year of great oppor tunity and encouragement. One could scarcely wish for a more hearty reception than is given by people of all faiths. True, there are occasional exceptions, but this is invariably due to some ignor ant, bigoted teacher. Mr. Anderson writes that the chief magistrate of Pindi Gheb came to call. They talked as each understood it of the plan of salvation. He left much interested, but must have felt that his replies were insufficient, for the next day he brought a Moham medan maulvi and they had another talk. Then he sent for a maulvi of some reputation from a distant village. That day an immense crowd gathered and there was a grand opportunity to preach. The worker, a Mohammedan convert, knew both sides of the argument, and had an easy time of it with the maulvi. The magistrate came twice after this and talked in a very friendly manner, revealing a real interest in Christianity. A boy came to Mr. Anderson asking for baptism. He was told to read his Bible and to come to Rawal Pindi at the close of the camping season. He went away, but came to the next camp with the same request. He was given the same answer. He went away again, but, a week later, turned up at our camp full 30 miles from his home. Some people there were ready for baptism, and when the candidates were asked to come forward he came too. He had not been examined, but his perseverance commended him and he was told to wait till the evening service. During the after noon he stayed with the workers who were to examine him to see whether he was ready or not. This they did by asking him to stand up in the bazaar and declare that he was a Christian and tell why. He stood the test. But word was sent to his brother, and Mohammedan maulvis were called in and he was spirited away before evening. “The next day,” Mr. Anderson writes, “I went through his village on the train. He knew that I was intending to pass on that train, and managed to come to the station. He told me they had decided to send him to Karachi, 800 miles distant. I received a letter from him later, telling me he would surely come 1 ndia— Evangelistic Work. 187 back some day and become a Christian.” During the year two young men who were m high school were baptized, one a Brahman and the other a Pathan, whose father is a general in the army of the Amir, of Afghanistan. The Brahman went back to his village, but his people would not receive him. Both young men are in school and hope to enter college. Jamil ud Din, one of the workers with Mr. Anderson, writes: “There is no limit to our itinerating work. It seems that my bedding is always rolled up ready for the road. Even when work ing alone I am generally well received, as I use the methods of Hindu and Mohammedan faqirs. A volume of abuse, however, is received when i say that 1 am a convert from Mohammedanism. Where we have been oftenest we get the best receptions. We find it hard to know when to shake off the dust of our feet against a village, for in almost every place, even when others oppose, some favor us. I remember one village where some were ready to stone us, while another took us into his house and set food before us, illustrating anew the truth— ‘A table thou hast furnished me in presence of my foes.’ ” The Rev. F. N. Crawford of Sangla Hill reports: “In no place were we refused a hearing by the non-Christians. Most of our work for them, however, has been indirect, when they have stood by in meetings in which the Christians were being taught. Though the truth taught was directly opposed to the beliefs of the non-Christians, they listened until the close of the meetings. Their changing attitude is also manifest in their readiness to pur chase copies of the Scriptures.” The ingathering from the Chuhras in Sargodha District con tinues about the same as it has been for the past three years, though not so rapid as it was five or six years ago. There is also in this district quite a large number of Chamars, and it looks as though these were going to be the next people prepared for the Lord. They are giving the Gospel a remarkably fine hearing. Two Chamar boys who are reading in a Government school have openly declared their intention of becoming Christians. The Rev. J. A. McArthur was transferred to Sargodha Dis trict from the Boys’ Industrial Home near the end of the year. He has taken charge of the unorganized work, while the Rev. J. A. McConnelee, D.D., continues in charge of the organized work and the schools. Dr. McConnelee writes: “One of our pastors said to me not long since that this great European war had been preaching Christ to this land in a wonderful way. He went on to explain that before the war the common people had the idea that Christians did not figure so very largely in the world, that there were a few fanatics who came over to India to preach Christ, and that these had gathered in a few from the low castes, and that this was about all there was to Christianity. The war came and the people began to hear of France and Russia and Servia and Belgium and England and Germany and Austria with their im India— Evangelistic Work.

mense armies; of the size of which India had never dreamed. They commenced to ask, ‘Who are these Russians? Who are the Germans? Who are the Servians?’ The answer came, ‘Christians, Christians, Christians.’ He said that of course the people also asked why the Christians were fighting each other, but the thought that remained with them was that of the great ness of the place of Christianity in the world.” Every service with the Christians in Sialkot District has its complement of non-Christian listeners, and rare indeed are the interruptions and objections. Occasionally, to be sure, the village maulvi, alarmed by the interest evinced by his people, directs them to leave, but when they do so it is with delay and many a back ward look, and often, as soon as the old man is out of the way, there is a quick return. The Rev. W. M. McKelvey reports: “Besides this indirect preaching, there has been more satisfaction than usual in direct preaching to the non-Christian people. Objec tions and cavilling are the exceptions rather than the rule, as they used to be. Chawinda, with a population of 6,000, has always been counted one of the hardest towns in the district, by reason of its many non-Christian institutions of learning, and many private schools for reading the Koran and Shastras. The output of these schools has been uniformly bigoted, narrow and filled with hatred and contempt for the religion of Jesus Christ. We were glad to have the Rev. D. R. Gordon, D.D., with us this year during part of the fifteen days spent in Chawinda. His motor truck drew crowds, both from high castes and low, who listened with the keenest interest and attention, as he pointed out to them Jesus Christ, the Way, the Truth, and the Life. Nearly every evening, in some village reached by the motor truck, he showed his lantern pictures of the Old Testament and the life of Christ. The crowds who came to see gave good attention, and there was evidence of interest.” The Rev. S. C. Picken reports from Zafarwal District: “One of the most interesting features of the work this year has been the number of inquirers among the higher castes. We have not been able to spend time in non-Christian villages, but as we go out to see the Christians, hardly a day passes that we do not get a good hearing among the Mohammedans or Hindus. Many are dissatisfied with their old religions and are willing to inquire about Christ and Christianity, without presenting their time-worn argu ments. Many admit that Christianity is true, but feel they cannot openly take a stand for Christ. Some fear losing their land, and others are afraid they cannot make good marriage arrangements for their children. One mother said, ‘I know that Christ is the Saviour, but we have seven daughters and what can we do? If we confess him, no one will marry them.’ The leaven of the Gos pel is gradually working among the people. Pray that they may be willing to forsake all and follow Christ.” India— Evangelistic Work. 189

OTHER EVANGELISTIC AGENCIES

The distribution of the printed Word and other religious literature is a very important part of evangelistic work in this country. A preacher in the homeland can everywhere find an audience prepared for his message. His Scripture illustrations and Bible phraseology are immediately understood by his hearers. Not so in India. Instead of an appeal to accept Christ based on the hearers’ familiarity with the Word of God, an invitation must be given to search the Scriptures and learn about Him. It is here that the British and Foreign Bible Society and the Punjab Relig ious Book Society furnish invaluable aid. Religious books and tracts in all languages are furnished at reasonable prices and copies of the Scriptures at prices far below cost. This brings the Bible or portions of it within reach of the poorest. The latest edition of the New Testament portions in Persian character was printed on good paper in clear and beautiful script and put up in attractive bindings. These portions can be had for one-half cent each, and are very popular. The spread of education is creating a thirst for literature, and almost any book will sell. How important it is that this opportunity to place the Bible and other good books in the hands of the people be immediately improved. Many missionaries have awakened to the opportunity, and it is quite common to see them with bags of books slung over their shoulders crying their wares in the bazaar, or going in and out of the railway carriages offering books to the passengers. In the crowds that take advantage of the cheap rates of travel is a large percentaee who have both the leisure to read whatever comes to hand and money with which to buy books. In this way books are widely distributed and find their way to inaccessible villages where the missionary has not yet been able to go. It is difficult to tabulate the results or even record the num bers of books sold owing to the irregular agencies emoloyed, but the following remarks, culled from the reports of the different districts, gives some idea of what is being done: The Rev. W- D. Mercer of Gujranwala states that the mis sionaries frequently sell Scripture portions, but as yet there has not been universal success in arousing enthusiasm for the work among the Indian workers. In Gurdaspur there is a reading room, which, though not much frequented itself, supplies the village pastors with Scripture portions which they sell. Books are also sold in the zenanas as opportunity offers. The Rev. Harris J. Stewart of Jhelum reports: “The year has been an unprecedented one in the sale of books. About 3,500 Scripture portions, including a good many complete New Testa ments and Bibles, have been sold— one-half of them at the Katas fair. Many were purchased in the cities of Pind Dadan Khan and Chakwal, but the majority were disposed of in the small villages 190 India— Evangelistic Work. scattered over the district. The Hindu community, being more literate than the Mohammedan, supplied more than its share of purchasers, but nevertheless the little books have found an en trance into many Mohammedan homes.” The Rev. H. C. Chambers, of Khangah Dogran reports: “The non-Christians have shown their interest by purchasing Scripture portions. Including complete Bibles and New Testa ments, more than 500 have been sold, which is quite an advance for this district.” The Rev. J. H. Martin, D.D., of Lyallpur, reports: “More villages in which there are non-Christians have been visited this year than usual, and in almost all of them copies of the Scriptures have been sold. We seldom give a book or tract free. During the first part of the year we sold books very freely, often more rapidly than we have ever done before. A large number were sold at the Government Cattle Fair.” The Rev. W. T. Anderson of Rawal Pindi reports that 200 complete New Testaments and 200 portions were sold. The demand is not so great as formerly as a large proportion of those able to read have already been supplied. The Rev. F. N. Crawford of Sangla Hill reports: “In only one village out of 65 in which the Scriptures were offered for sale did the non-Christians fail to buy. A very promising field is of fered for the distribution of the Scriptures among these non-be lievers who are able to read.” The Rev. E. E. Campbell of Sialkot City reports: “One of the most encouraeinsr features of the year’s work has been the sale of books. A Mohammedan convert, who had apostatized more than once in the three or four years succeeding his baptism, was eager to take up religious work and was directed to spend his spare time from his duties as table servant in selling copies of the Scriptures. He succeeded so well that he was employed as a col porteur, and in the first five months sold 1,141 Bibles, Testaments, Scripture portions and Psalters, besides many other religious books.” The Rev. W. M. McKelvey of Sialkot District reoorts: “New interest on the part of the non-Christians has led to the sale of many Scripture portions.” The Rev. S. C. Picken of Zafarwal reports: “There is a demand never before eaualed for literature. In two days in the city of Shakrgarh 100 Scripture portions and tracts were sold.”

WORK AMONG NON-CHRISTIAN WOMEN IN ZENANAS

The reports for the year tell of more open doors, and of added opportunities for bringing the light of the Gospel into the darkened homes of the Puniab. In Gujranwala City. Miss McCullough and her Bible woman. Mrs. Murray, made 1,582 visits during the year. Mrs. Murray India— Evangelistic Work. 191 had a slight stroke of paralysis in August, and has had more or less fever, but when able she has been at her work. Miss Mc Cullough reports: “On the whole the work has been encourag ing. The women generally have heard the Word and read it with increased interest The last time we visited her, a Hindu woman got so interested in reading of the New Testament in Gurmukhi that she kept mine to read. Another Hindu woman, the wife of a diwan, has begged me to come often to read the Bible to her and to teach her the Psalms. Our Deputy Commissioner’s wife, a Hindu, read with us the greater part of the year, and showed much interest. Owing to the transfer of her husband, she has left Gujranwala. “A young Mohammedan woman nearly finished the first and second Urdu readers and was greatly interested in the Gospel and Psalms. Her husband, too, was transferred and she has left the city. Five of the zenana pupils died during the year, and the husband of another stopped the visits to his wife. The demand for English among influential and wealthy zenanas was so great that Mrs. Murray taught some during her vacation. Thirty women received regular lessons during the year, both religious and secular. “Some of our best hearings are got by going to a side street or alley, where a number of women are gathered together spin ning and sewing.’ We begin to talk to them about religion, then someone offers a seat, and we sit down in their midst and have a good opportunity to tell them of Christ. There has been little open opposition to our work.” In Gurdaspur, Mrs. Dennison, the Bible woman, carries on the zenana work during the winter. In the spring and summer, after the camping season is over, the missionaries devote part of their time to city work. The general air of indifference on the part of the women makes the work discouraeing. Miss Laing says: “As the house to house visits are made, the women are usually found sitting around the courtyard either sewing or ap parently doing nothin^. This looks like a very favorable oppor tunity to teach them, but begin to tell them a Bible story or talk to them about Christ, and they have a hundred questions to ask you about vour dress or how you wear your hair under that hat. As a rule the men do not object to their wives and children being taught to read, and in this wav an entrance into the home is gain ed. Before long the women begin to learn something of Christ and show an interest in His teaching. The Bible woman reports that 60 women are visited regularly, 10 of whom are learning to read.” Miss Logran reports: “Zenana work has been carried on regularly in Jhelum City during the past year, and since the be ginning of April we have had a zenana worker at Sanehoi. There have been 1,540 visits made in Hindu and Mohammedan homes, 15 women have learned to read, and a few others who have had 192 India— Evangelistic Work. some teaching in childhood now read the Bible well. Both of our Bible women in Jhelum City are widows, and the chastening of spirit which they have experienced particularly fits them to enter into the somber lives of the women, and win their confidence.” Mrs. Fazl-ud-Din, the Bible woman in Khangah Dogran, gives a very encouraging report, of the zenana work. There are 36 homes, mostly Mohammedan, where the women receive regu lar instruction and are eager to learn Psalms and Bible stories. The Sonship of Christ is their stumbling block. The Hindu women show a decided improvement over last year, and day by day the Word of God is finding entrance into their hearts. In Lyallpur City the Bible woman, Mrs. Dina Nath, has visited regularly 25 Mohammedan and 11 Hindu homes, besides making occasional visits to many others. In September the family to whom it was her greatest pleasure to teach God’s Word, be cause of the mother’s faith and the daughter’s interest, moved to another city. The wife of a Mohammedan teacher, who was com pelled for a time to refuse the Bible woman admittance to her home, has again opened her door. She says her love for God makes her long to hear His Word. That more girls and young women might be brought under the influence of Christianity, classes were started in the Bible woman’s home last April. The hours from 6-30 to 9 a. m. daily were spent with the 15 to 18 girls enrolled. Most of the girls came from prominent families. Their progress in English was gratifying, also the change of view toward Christianity mani fested by some of the older girls. Several houses have been opened to the Bible woman through these English classes. More influential homes were visited by the Bible woman and Miss Mc Connell than formerly, and in some of them are hungry hearts, longing for and yet fearing to receive the Bread of Life. A year ago the Bible woman of Pasrur moved from the Mis sion compound into the city. She finds it a great pleasure to live among the people. Women who would not come out to the com pound enjoy visiting her in her home. The women of the city love and honor her and listen attentively while she teaches them the Gospel. They especially enjoy her singing. Mrs. Tones has a gift for teaching and is able to adapt her lessons to the condi tions in the homes. One is impressed with the number of broken hearted women who welcome her. There are two Bible women at work in Rawal Pindi City, Mrs. Baptist and Mrs. Thomas, and for a large part of the y e a r Mrs. Imam-ud-Din worked in cantonments. They report 60 homes visited regularly, and say they find a much ereater interest than ever before. Two Mohammedan women and a little son of one of them were baptized. Many more homes are open to them than they can possibly visit. India— Evangelistic Work. 193

Miss A. M. Hamilton reports: “This year, instead of spending part of our time in Murree, our whole attention was giv en to opening up work in Rawal Pindi Cantonments. Mrs. Ban ner jee, an earnest Christian Bengali, went, two days each week to Bengali homes, of which there are many, and in their own be loved tongue gave them the message of salvation through Jesus Christ. This-service was freely given by Mrs. Bannerjee because of the love of Him who first loved her. A young woman of the congregation was employed*as Bible woman and rendered faithful service during the summer months. Her work has been discon tinued because of the lack of funds. We ourselves went regularly to homes where Hindu and Mohammedan women receive Bible instruction. “Last spring, while our camp was at Campbellpur, we felt very keenly the need for a Bible woman for that place. We had been praying for one for a long time, and one morning while there made this a subject of special prayer. We had hardly risen from our knees when the worker of the place came in and said he had found a Bible woman for us. A dear old woman, mother of our faithful colporteur, had for a number of years been nursemaid in the home of an English officer who was now going on furlough. He and his wife took her with them as far as Bom bay and wanted to continue her salary in order to have her take up work in their home on their return. Although she had been very happy with them, she said that she felt that the Lord was calling her to more definite service for Him. She hoped to spend the rest of her life in telling the glad tidings of salvation. So she gave up the service and began praying for work. Her prayer and ours were answered, and arrangements were made for her to begin work among the women of Campbellpur. The Lord had taken care of the financial side of the problem, too, for he had put it into the hearts of friends at home to send $50, which wa* sufficient to begin the work. We are praying that the support of this work may be continued. Fifteen homes are regularly visited and the Gospel is taught in many others.” Of the work in Sangla Hill done by her and Miss Minger, Miss Hill says: “A former pupil returned and was glad to begin anew her lessons in the Bible. We taught two women the primer, visiting them once a week to hear their lessons and to teach them the Bible. In a neighbor’s house we gathered the women and girls of two Mohammedan families for a weekly lesson. After a hot morning spent in the dispensary or in going from house to house, the eagerness of these pupils led us to thank God and take cour age. A favorite Hindu pupil moved away, but we know that wherevei she is, she loves the Bible and is able to read it for her self.” Miss Stowell and her helper in Sargodha report that nearly all the women, regularly visited, either read or are learning to read the Bible. The Hindu and Sikh women often listen with 194 India— Evangelistic Work. great interest. As they sit at their spinning wheels, they call the Bible women. There are sometimes as many as 50 in the audience. Some houses have been closed to them but new ones have been opened. Mrs. Shahbaz continues to give gratuitous service among the women of Bhalwal. This is mostly done by means of her little dispensary. Women come from far and near to see her and to get medicine. She has been able to influence some Mo hammedan women, who have come to her dispensary and have listened eagerly to the message of salvation. One said, “I never heard such comforting words,” -and begged that her husband who was lying in the Government Hospital might also hear them. This woman has been the means of interesting and bringing to the dispensary many other women. Through her influence the wife and daughter of a Mohammedan of very high family came to the dispensary. The daughter had been married to the Koran since they could find no young man of their standing to whom to marry her. They had never heard of Christ, and having asked many questions concerning the difference between the Bible and the Koran, they said “The Bible is surely the Word of God.” They came every day to listen, in spite of the fact that their re ligious teacher forbade it. When they left Bhalwal they said, “Keep praying for us that the Lord may make his face to shine on us.” Concerning the work in Sialkot City Miss McCahon reports: “A young woman who lives with a cross grandmother, and who is not happy with her husband, manifests considerable interest in the Bible lessons, and is very anxious to learn to read. Her case is a hopeful one. May she apprehend Jesus Christ as her Saviour. The two Bible women have carried on their work as usual, one among the sweeper class, and the other, our faithful and beloved Mary Anna, among the caste women. Owing to infirmity the latter has been retired on pension. So far no one has been found to take her place. There is plenty of work for several Bible women. Our educated Christian women are very backward about doing anything outside of their own homes. Pray for them that they may realize their responsibility for giving the Gospel to others freely, even as they have received it.” Miss L. B. Hamilton reports that zenana work has been done by the Bible woman in Shakrgarh, and a limited number of visits have been made by the district missionaries in Zafarwal City. Great interest is shown by both the Hindu and Mohammedan women in Shakrgarh. Especially in four families the women are convinced of the truth of God’s Word, and say that it is worthy of being accepted. The wife of a Government official listens to the Gospel and her husband also reads it to her. She is fair- minded to an extent rarely found among Mohammedans. There is a great opportunity for a good Bible woman in Zafarwal City. A family that moved there early in the year soon India— Evangelistic Work. 195

sent the missionaries an invitation to visit them. The parents were educated in mission schools and the eldest daughter reads the New Testament with interest. Although they are yet Hindus they are an example of the leavening power of the Gospel.

THE SARAH DAUGHERTY SCHOOL FOR BIBLE WOMEN

The second session of this school was held in February, 1914, at Gurdaspur. Twelve Bible women were in attendance. Two Bible classes were held in the mornings. Mrs. Robert Stewart taught the Acts to the more advanced, and Miss N. J. Spencer taught some of the parables and miracles to the lower grade. Faithful work was done and all passed the examination at the close. In the afternoons, under competent leaders, practical work was done in the zenanas of Gurdaspur City. Mrs. Henderson and Mrs. Linn, of Washington, Pa., have assumed the financial support of the school, offering to contribute $50 annually. The school has been named for their mother.

WORK AMONG NON-CHRISTIAN WOMEN IN VILLAGES

When Miss Dickson went on furlough Miss Fehlman suc ceeded her in Gurdaspur District. Miss Laing reports: “When we go into a village and inquire for the wife of the principal man we are usually followed by a great throng of men, women, and children. The audience is not very attentive, and after curiosity has been somewhat satisfied the crowd drops off one by one. Often as we enter a village we are met by women who request that we come and talk to them. One day we went into a village and had a very pleasant meeting with a group of Mohammedans. Two old women listened very intently and even wept during the singing of some of the Psalms. But we had just finished singing when one of them went into the house; brought out her prayer rug, and went through the Mohammedan prayers. We could only feel sorry that her faith was not in Jesus Christ. She is good at heart and true to what she believes to be right. If only her faith were in the Living Saviour what a witness her life would be for H im !” From Jhelum District in which she and Miss Gordon are located, Miss Logan reports: “In writing of our work in this vast district, one’s thought almost involuntarily turns to the great need and to the regions untouched, rather than to the work actually accomplished. In connection with our work during the past year we have traveled 340 miles by rail, driven 250 miles, and walked 48. Our way sometimes led over mountain paths, where the horse had to be unhitched and the buggy carried, sometimes along rocky river beds, or across the treacherous quicksands, and sometimes along the Grand Trunk road. We have given the Gospel message to about 2,000 women and girls from among the 300,000 for whom we have responsibility. In all the villages except one we were India— Evangelistic Work.

received with more or less cordiality. At this one place we were not allowed even to sit down. We sold 1,231 Scripture portions and 68 other religious books. We usually made more than one visit in a village, and in the large ones several. At a number of the places the women have learned a Bible story, and some have committed Scripture verses, and at many places we have felt that we had real friends among them. We were at a few places that we believe had never before been visited by missionaries, and because of the rugged surroundings of their mountain homes the women had had no contact with the outside world. They gathered about us in crowds. As they listened for the first time to the story we know so well that it sometimes almost fails to stir our emotions, the look of friendly curiosity on their faces often chang ed to deep interest and wonder. A t one such place a dear, white^ haired old woman reproachfully asked why, if these things were true, they had not been told them before. I thought of the gener ations who have come and gone, the little children growing up in ignorance, and the older people passing away without having had their chance, and I felt sorry. I could only say that the villages were many and difficult of access and the missionaries few.” In Khangah Dogran District Miss E. M. Wilson succeeded Miss J. E. Martin who went on furlough. Miss Hopkins reports: “The Lord has wonderfully answered prayer in softening the hearts of non-Christian women. In spite of the unrest caused by the war, we find a very cordial reception. With fear and trembling we entered one Mohammedan village that has the repu tation of being very bigoted. A woman eagerly took us to her home, where an interested audience soon gathered. The husband begged us to come often and teach his wife, even though we made her a Christian. She followed us from the village, hungering for more of the glad tidings and wanting to know how she might find peace. Another Mohammedan in Government service requested us to teach his wife and daughter, saying that, as he himself was about convinced of the truth of Christianity, he wished them to be ready to accept it too. The question ‘Why have you not come before?’ asked in some of the better class Hindu and Moham medan homes never before visited, is an unanswered challenge to the Church to come up and possess this land.” From Lyallpur District Miss Spencer reports: “Some of my friends among the non-Christian women seem to be about where they were years ago. They have not advanced far, if at all, on the way to Christ. He is their prophet, they say, but they have not yet felt their need of Him as a Saviour. Others have definitely refused the message, yea more, Him of whom the mes sage speaks. A desire for progress is shown among the young women in their secluded homes, in that they are reading their brothers’ English primers, and are asking about outside matters, especially the war. Some, who once read the Word, are now en grossed in family cares and spend little time in thinking of the India— Evangelistic l i Tork. 197

world beyond. Few manifest a real hunger for spiritual food. Yet we praise Him for those who do.” Miss McConnell writes: “Hundreds of Mohammedan and Hindu women, single and in companies, have listened to the Word of the Saviour. Some have heard gladiy, and a few have asked, ‘How can we follow Him?’ But mostly it seems the light has shined in darkness and the darkness comprehended it not. Mothers, sisters, and neighbors of those who have gone to the front are everywhere more eager for news of the great war than for news of the great victory Jesus Christ has won for us. There are oc casional indications that the Chamars may turn to Christ in the near future. Pray that they may seek and find the truth.” Of the work of which she and Miss M. E. Lawrence are in charge Miss Kyle reports : “In Pasrur District, with its multitudes of Christian women, the non-Christians are sadly neglected. Oc casionally we visit them, but they usually come to us for all the teaching they get. They often listen when we visit the Christians in their villages. Many come to our tents for medicine or to hear the glad tidings. Gauhar Bibi had rheumatism in her shoulder. That gave her a good excuse to come out to the tents. She brought two radishes as a gift. When the Gospel was explained to her she said, ‘Oh, we are so ignorant in the villages! How can we know about such things!’ On being told that she could find the truth if she desired to know it, she exclaimed, ‘I will come to the tent every day your camp is here.’ That same day she called the missionary to her own house to teach the women. A great crowd came to hear and to see. One evening after crowds of women had come and gone, Durgo, a fiindu widow, came asking for medicine for her cough. It did not take long to see that she was beyond our help. We told her that we could not cure her, but that we could give her something far better than medicine. We then told her of the love of God. She was much impressed and asked what she could do, and how she could prepare for the journey before her. We gave her the directions that never grow old. She thought of the years that had gone by and said, ‘I have never loved any one in all my life. I have always hated my neighbors and never tried to help any one.’ She seemed to long to follow the true God. We were moving our camp the next day so we could only pray that she might be drawn by the bands of infinite love.” Miss C. E. Wilson reports from Pathankot District: “ Com pared with former years, the majority listened to the message with greater interest and concern, and with less cavilling. Having heard of the death of a magistrate’s son from plague near where we were camped, and having never visited the village, we, with two workers, visited the bereaved family. We were kindly re ceived by the wife of the officer in an open court, and soon nearly all the women of the village came and surrounded us. After of fering the mother our condolence, we asked the mourning women if they had any hope of again meeting their loved ones? They 198 India— Evangelistic Work.

could give no satisfactory reply. We told them of our hope of meeting loved ones gone before, and read to them several portions of God’s Word on which our hope is founded. We sang the 51st Psalm and explained how sin and death came into the world and our need of repentance and of faith in Jesus. The women of Gharota, who used to argue and cavil, listened to the Gospel with much more respect and interest this year, often calling upon us in our tent and inviting us to teach them while they spun hemp, which the men weave into coarse matting. The Hindus and Moham medans often show their appreciation of our message by giving us offerings of flour, rice, sugar, eggs, and sweets. That the spirit of giving may not be quenched we receive and use their offerings in the Lord’s work.” In Rawal Pindi District Misses M. A. Lawrence and A. M. Hamilton have continued their work. Miss Hamilton reports: “We have had this to encourage us during the year, that in many villages we are no longer strangers, but are cordially welcomed with such exclamations as, ‘Oh, here come our friends of last year.’ This means very much to us in this hard district and also shows the value of continuous work. We know the people, they know us, and time has not to be spent explaining why we have come and in allaying fears. If we only had more workers so that all the villages could be visited every year! As it is, we must spend part of the time in old villages and part in pioneer work. About one month of the camping season was spent in this latter work. Many of the places had never been entered before by mis sionaries. In some of them our reception was most cordial and many Gospels were sold. In others we were not welcomed, but we left as much of our message as possible. One day we entered a village, and, hearing the sound of mourning, went to the house where the people were gathered. In a large room between thirty and forty women were sitting on the floor, two and two facing each other, holding each other’s arms, swaying back and forth and mourning in a most piteous manner. Some one noticing our approach ceased wailing, and asked us to come in. We sat down and began to talk. Soon others noticed us, and finally all had be come aware of our presence and ceased mourning. We had an ex cellent hearing, all listening quietly to the message from God’s Word. In many of the large villages we have hopeful hearings with women who are of high family, and who are educated and in telligent, or whose husbands are in railway or Government employ, and who are more or less open to Gospel teaching. Sometimes, too, in traveling on the train, we meet women who have seen us in their villages and recognize us. Just recently we had such an experience. The young woman in this case was delighted, and said, ‘I have been praying God to cause us to meet again, and now He has brought us together here.’ She had bought a Gospel from us when we had visited her home and she testified to the beauty and truth of its teaching. One very bright day in the year’s work India— Evangelistic Work. 199

was when we were very gladly welcomed by the women in one of the old villages, and a bright young girl brought out her Testa ment and read for us. She said she believed it to be the Word of God and wanted to walk according to it. How her face shone when she listened to the explanation of the passage read!” The Misses Hill and Minger of Sangla Hill report: “During the whole camping season we found most encouraging listeners among Hindu and Mohammedan women. In every village a num ber of Gospels were sold. In one place the wife and daughter of the head man came to the Christian quarters and bought a Gospel, which they promised to read to the Christian women when the latter would go to their house. Special interest has been shown in learning Psalms and Commandments. In a number of villages Mohammedan and Christian women have gone away from our tent singing Psalms together. In January we made a ten days’ camping tour with Mr. and Mrs. Caldwell among the Junglies. Having visited them once before, five years ago, we were encour aged to find in every place some who remembered us. All seemed to know why we had come. We sold Gospels in every village but one. In two villages we were greeted by real friends. One, who was a maulvi’s wife, had visited our tent by night. She came again this time, and the next day in her house a large crowd gathered and listened most attentively. In another place the woman we had known best was dead, but her son, now a young man, greeted us as sisters. Nearly every night women came to the camp. Two came from a village miles away and sat during the church service.” When Miss Anderson went on furlough from Sargodha Dis trict Miss Warnock took her place. Miss Cleland reports: “As it has always been, so it is this year, some who have heard the Gos pel have been softened, but those who have heard and rejected have become hardened. One woman who two years ago listened very well, last year was indifferent, and this year was very hard and would not hear at all. We went to a village to have a service with the Christian women, but a great crowd of Mohammedan women gathered to see and hear. After listening for a few minutes one of the Mohammedans said, ‘Tell us something new. You have been coming here for five years and always say the same thing. Tell us where heaven is, above us or below us, or something like that.’ Miss Anderson responded that she only had one mes sage, that of Him Who came to save sinners. They would not listen to that and made so much noise that we had to take the Christian women into the house and keep all the others away in order to have a service at all. Two begged to be allowed to come inside and they listened so quietly we knew they were really anxi ous to hear. A crowd of non-Christian women came to the tent one day, but only to see. When we wished to talk to them one of them objected, saying, ‘We have no need to learn or believe what you say.’ After we had talked for some time she became quiet and 200 India— Evangelistic Work. listened very well, and finally asked, ‘How can we believe? Tel us what to do to believe.’ Another asked us, ‘What shall we di with our old belief?’ One day we visited a village of Junglies They are all Mohammedans, and though their village is only a fe\ miles from Sargodha, no Christian ever seems to have been ther before. The women crowded around us and listened so well tha we were sorry when approaching night compelled us to leave. W gave the message to about forty people in that place.” From Sialkot District Miss M. E. Beatty reports: “Man; women come to us to hear the Gospel, and not a few confess tha Christ is the Son of God and came to save the world. It has beei encouraging this year to hear women ask for certain Psalms to b sung. There is practically no opposition. They are so anxiou to hear the Word that they do not waste time in asking foolisl questions. Often some reprove their companions for making ; noise and ask them to keep quiet that they may hear better. Las year some Brahman women came to the tent under cover of dark ness. A widow among them was a real inquirer. She sang th Psalms with the missionaries, asked questions, and agreed witl all that was said. Before leaving she expressed a desire to hav a Testament. She came to the Christian quarters this year t< invite the missionaries to Eer home. She said, T have read th whole Testament.’ When we went she read aloud and tried to ex plain the meaning of the verses. Her husband’s people are perse cuting her and trying to get possession of her property. Whei she read about the husbandman killing the householder’s son, sh said, ‘That is just what they are trying to do to me.’ She need your prayers that she may be bold enough to make open confessioi of Christ.” Miss L. B. Hamilton reports from Zafarwal District: “A Channi several Hindu women came for medicine. One of thes would not sit on the matting with the Christians, but put it asidi and sat on the grass. The missionary, having the medicine ready said, T am of the same caste as these, they are Christians and am a Christian.’ ‘Well,’ she said, ‘I will put the medicine in nr eyes then with my own hands,5 but after a moment she allowe< the missionary to drop it in. As often as possible we give th message to Hindu and Mohammedan women when visiting village where there are Christians. For a few days we were among non Christians, but have really seen only a very few of their villages Would that all might be reached!” &

A n I n d i a n W o o d S e l l e r . India— Educational fVork. 201

EDUCATIONAL WORK.

VILLAGE SCHOOLS. The Rev. W- D. Mercer of Gujranwala District reports: “A few new schools have been opened, but some have been closed, so the number now is 24, two less than last year. Ten of these are being supported by special funds, and fourteen are up to the Government standard and so receive grant-in-aid. During the year there has been a large increase in the attendance of girls. Three girls’ schools were opened, but for lack of suitable teachers two have been closed. The school work is most important, and presents some serious problem's. One problem is that of school buildings. Our funds scarcely allow us to make the necessary repairs on the present buildings, to say nothing of erecting others. Two of our largest schools have no buildings and the work is all done in the open. When it rains school is dismissed. Funds are urgently needed for the erection of three or four buildings and for the enlarging of others. Another problem is that of developing efficiency in the work of individual schools. How to secure cap able Christian teachers, and how to get the children to attend reg ularly are questions that are always coming up. The answer to these problems will be found largely in prayer and incessant toil on the part of those who are bearing the responsibility of the work.” The Rev. A. M. Laing reports from Gurdaspur District that there has been a substantial increase in the number of Christian girls enrolled in the village schools. In one place a school for Christian girls has been opened with a former student of the Girls’ Boarding School, Sialkot, as teacher. As a result of the Govern ment inspection, a grant has been promised for the coming year. Another fact worth mentioning is that in one of our village schools four Mohammedan girls are reading along with the boys, and in another there is a special class of nine Mohammedan girls. This movement among the Mohammedans for female education gives a splendid opportunity for our village schools to affect the life of the Mohammedan community. There is a good deal more will ingness among the Christians to send girls to school, and this cannot but have its effect upon those who consider themselves better class people. Last year only 15 girls were enrolled, this year there are 59. Grant has been sanctioned for a number of schools which heretofore have been kept up entirely at Mission expense. A number of our schools have been closed in the past two or three years, and the Christian boys entered in the neigh 202 India— Educational Work.

boring Government schools, but very few of them remained school. No Christian girls have entered the Government schoo In five villages the attendance has grown so much that it is nece sary now to employ two teachers. For one man to handle mo than 40 pupils is too much to expect, while in some of these schoc the attendance reaches nearly 70. Some had, however, to be r duced to one teacher because of lack of funds. This year speci emphasis has been placed on the singing of Psalms and memori ing verses of Scripture. The Rev. Harris J. Stewart writes from Ihelum Distric “Two small primary schools, intended especially for boys < sweeper families, have been carried on during the past two < three years, one in the city and the other in cantonments. The: are both taught by a Christian, who divides his time each day b tween them. Their enrollment averages 20 and 15 respectively, few girls attend and also some Mohammedan boys. These schoo are especially useful in reaching inquirers from the low cas community. The Rev. Ganda Mai was chiefly instrumental having them started, and takes much interest in their welfare ar progress. The larger one has been encouraged by the Governmei with a small grant-in-aid of Rs. 5 per month.” From Khangah Dogran District the Rev. H. C. Chambe writes: “The encouraging feature of the report on this part ( the work is increased efficiency rather than increased number There is one less school than last year and there are a few le: pupils, but there has been a reduction in cost to the Mission ( nearly Rs. 1,000, accounted for by increased grant from the G01 ernment and by increase in the amount of fees paid. About 2^ Christian boys and girls are enrolled, and the average cost to tl Church for the year is just a little over $2 each. Through tl employment of an inspector the work has had better supervisic than formerly. Not only are the schools visited monthly but dri and physical exercises are regularly taught by the inspector, wh is a certificated physical instructor. The teaching staff has bee improved by two more of its members taking a normal cours' We now have seven teachers who have had normal training.” The Rev. J. H. Martin, D.D., writes from Lyallpur District “Although this part of our work is most difficult, yet encouragin progress has been made. While the expenses of the schools ha\ not increased, the number of boys enrolled has increased 80 p< cent., and the number of Christian boys 50 per cent. Two yeai ago there were only 3 boys enrolled in Government schools, la: year there were 18, this year there are 39. In fact, one-third c our Christian boys who are being educated are in Governmei schools. They only attend these when no mission school is withi reach. The quality of work being done is improving. We hav been able in some cases to secure better teachers and the Goverr ment grant-in-aid is good, enabling us to move on to larger thing! Our great need is money for better school buildings.” India— Educational Work. 203

The Rev. E. V. Clements writes that the past year has been a prosperous one for the Pasrur District schools. They have increased in number from 23 to 27. The staff has been strength ened by 8, bringing it up to a total of 36. Special progress has been made in increasing the percentage of Christian teachers. Last vear there were 16 and 14 non-Christians, but this year the num ber of Christian teachers is almost double the number of non- Christians. In these 27 schools there are 1,159 pupils enrolled, of whom 414 are Christians, 371 boys and 43 girls. The year has witnessed a most liberal increase in the grant-in-aid. Last year it was Rs. 1,600, while this year it is Rs. 2,405. Once a school qualifies for Government aid it can be maintained for the small sum of $18 or $20 per year. Indeed many schools become inde pendent of mission aid, while the Mission still has the same op portunity to give Christian instruction. Pasrur is fortunate in having a strong capable Christian school inspector, Munshi Kaku Mall. The increase in grant and the efficiency of the schools are largely due to his untiring efforts and constant care. The Rev. John H. Stewart reports from Pathankot that the schools of Kathua and Parol are flourishing. More children from the Doms are enrolled in both of these schools than from the Christians. One is taught by an experienced evangelist, the other by an ex-pastor. Each has a magnificent opportunity, and the attitude of the non-Christians in both cities has wonderfully changed. In Kathua a Hindu landowner now rents us one of his houses for the use of the school, whereas two years ago, when the school was opened, it was with the greatest difficulty that the teacher secured permission to pitch a little tent in which to sleep. As fdr the school, it was carried on under a large tree. The Rev. F. N. Crawford reports from Sangla Hill that in the 115 villages in which Christian work is being done there are 15 schools for Christians. Requests for teachers are received almost daily from the Christians of the different villages. A very en couraging feature is that parents in five places are sending their girls to these village schools. The Rev. J. A. McConnelee, D.D., of Sargodha, reports: year ten village schools were reported: now we have 15. In the older schools the attendance has increased from 5 to 15 per cent. The Government grant has been increased from $120 to $228. A central boarding school has been opened at Chak 71, two miles north of Sargodha City. This village was chosen in preference to the city, because the cost of living was not so high and there are less distractions and perhaps fewer temptations to village boys than in a city and there was at Chak 71 a good school building and a flourishing day school. One boy appeared in the upper primary examination and passed.” The Rev. E. E. Campbell reports that five small schools have been maintained in different parts of Sialkot City, where we have communities of Christians or inquirers. During part of the year 204 India— Educational Work.

there have been girls as well as boys in four of these. In two the girls have attended regularly and have learned well. In one three Christian women are studying and have attended faithfully. The largest enrolment is in Atari, with 20 boys and 12 girls. The total enrolment has been 103 boys and 25 girls. An evening class, taught by a trained man, is held for teachers, and they are also expected to attend the teachers’ meeting in the City High School. The Rev. W. M. McKelvey writes that despite many draw backs, the educational work in Sialkot District has been encourag ing, and definite progress has been made. Three schools have had to be closed for lack of funds. The total enrolment has increased by 74 and the number of Christian pupils by 23. Two Christians have been added to the teaching force. Expenses increased during the year, but the cost to the church diminished owing to an increase in the grant-in-aid. In one village the mission school had pros pered, but this year the leading Hindus of the place decided to destroy our school and establish one of their own. They removed all of their boys and compelled the Mohammedan laborers to take their sons out too. They also warned the Hindus and Mo hammedans of other villages in the vicinity to transfer their boys to the new school at once, and even took boys out of school by force. They beat and frightened Christian lads who were coming to our school from neighboring villages until they were afraid to return. They further showed their hatred to the followers of Jesus by closing the village shops to them, by refusing them fodder from the fields for their animals, and even trying to shut them off from the grazing lands and the water supply. As to the school, they destroyed property, frightened the teachers, and persecuted them to the extent of personal violence. But by hard work, long- suffering patience, and prayer, the school was kept open; and great was the rejoicing when a successful Government examina tion was passed on December 23rd, and a fine grant-in-aid was sanctioned on the recommendation of the Government Inspector of Schools, who is a Hindu. One of the advantages to us is, that now the school is composed entirely of Christian boys, 24 of them. We have a number of fine Christian young men who will finish their training and be ready to take up work by next April. Fifty dollars a year will furnish the salary of one of these. Who is ready to deny himself that much in order to educate from 20 to 40 boys ? The Rev. S. C. Picken reports that better work has been done in the Zafarwal District schools, and four more are receiving grant-in-aid. Two of these are in places where the Government already had a school, but because the mission school served the low caste people, it was recognized and grant was given. Three years ago in the city of Kanjrur the large low caste community was very careless about either religious or secular matters. Since then the most of the people have been baptized and a year ago a India— Educational Work. 205

school was started. It had only been running six months when it was inspected by Government, and since September it has been drawing a grant-in-aid of Rs. 5 a month. This shows what can be accomplished when the teacher and the people enter into the work. Another encouraging feature is the attitude of the Govern ment toward Christian children in their schools. Twelve have been enrolled. There has been little opposition and Christian boys are taught and looked after about as well as other boys. Of the 20 teachers employed 17 are Christians. An effort has been made to get all the teachers certificated, in order that the schools may be kept up to the Government standard. DAY SCHOOLS FOR GIRLS.

PRIMARY SCHOOLS

Miss Gordon reports that the number enrolled in the Jhelum Girls’ School during the year is 94. Five of these are married women. One who could not attend every day studied at home and at the annual inspection passed in the fifth class examination. In both secular and Bible work the girls have done very satisfactor ily. In reciting the “One Hundred Selected Verses” some did ex ceptionally well. The present headmistress is a granddaughter of Kanaya. Since she came the attendance has improved, notwith standing the constant efforts of the Aryas to prevent girls from attending the mission schools. Miss Hopkins reports: “This has been a year of difficulties for the Khangah Dogran Girls’ School. In the first place it was closed for several months while the plague was raging. Soon after its reopening the Arya Samaj started a school in the same neigh borhood, taking all but four of our girls. In the meantime, our Christian teacher moved away, leaving in charge the Hindu teach er, who managed to hold the school together until we could find help. We are now very thankful to have a trained Christian teach er. Most of the former pupils have returned, together with some new ones, and the Arya school has had to be closed for want of patronage. The girls seem very happy to be back again. It is diffi cult to induce Mohammedans to send their girls to the mission schools. They give as an excuse that we do not teach the Koran.” Miss McConnell reports on the girls’ school in Lyallpur: “In August an Indian teacher was secured and the girls, who had met for two hours daily since April to study English, began the regular Government course for Anglo-Vernacular Primary Schools. The enrolment at the first of September was thirty, but opposition on the part of the Mohammedans reduced it to thirteen. Most of the parents were very unwilling to take their girls out of school, but could not resist the pressure of the Mohammedan community. The girls were sorry to leave and one cried for two days. Her parents recognized the good influence of the Christian teacher on their two daughters and rejoiced in their progress in 2o 6 India— Educational Work.

the study of English. But word reached the old grandfather, in another city, and he came at once, very angry that the girls, whose grandmothers and mother and aunts had always lived in the strictest seclusion, should go through the streets to a mission school. He declared he would not spend a night under his son’s roof if a promise were not given immediately that the girls would kave school. The old man’s word was law, and the tears and pleadings of the girls and their mother proved of no avail. The elder daughter expressed her gratitude that she had had an oppor tunity to know the Christian teacher and learn something of Chris tian teaching, and asked for our prayers.” Miss C. E. Wilson reports that the girls’ school in Sujanpur has an attendance of 28 pupils, eleven of whom are above the infant class. One of our difficulties is to keep the older girls in school. We introduced sewing and knitting and have succeeded somewhat better in holding them. The pupils have done good work in learning the Catechism and Bible stories, and enjoy com mitting the Psalms to memory. Two are Christians. A blind Mohammedan girl attended school for a few days, and learned several Bible stories and Psalms, but she has recently been married and her school days are over. Miss M. R. Martin reports the number on the roll of the City Girls’ School in Sialkot as 75. The Inspectress pronounced the school to be in better condition than last year. This is due largely to changes in the staff, especially the securing of a trained Christian teacher who had finished the Junior Vernacular Train ing Course in the Sialkot Girls’ Boarding School. The Inspec tress was much pleased with the work of the two Christian teach ers. Four girls passed the upper primary standard, three of whom will enter the middle department in the Government school. The Bible teacher has, as usual, done faithful, painstaking work, and the examining committee was pleased with the progress the girls had made. The school has been assembling for a few minutes at noon every day to pray for the war. It has been the custom for the girls to repeat the prayer, sentence by sentence, after the leader. As we make the plainest and strongest possible references to Christ and His atoning work, it means much that these'Hindu and Mohammedan girls daily repeat these expressions of faith and trust in our Saviour. India— Educational Work. 207

GUJRANWALA VERNACULAR MIDDLE AND NORMAL SCHOOL

Manager, T h e R ev. R obert M a x w e l l . Headmistress, M iss K . M . M u k e r j e a ..

Enrolment, December 31, 1914:— Christians ...... 4 Hindus ...... Mohammedans ...... 125 Sikhs ...... 23 2 4 1 Receipts : Government Grant and Special Contribution .. $913 Granted from Mission Funds 803

Total Expenditure $1,716 Mr. Maxwell reports: “The work of the school suffered for some weeks at the beginning of the year on account of the illness of Miss Mukerjea, headmistress, and the results of the annual in spection, which occurred soon after her return, were less satisfac tory than usual. Plague has been prevalent in the city for several months, but the attendance has continued fair, and a large amount in Government scholarships, paid on the basis of regular attend ance has been turned over to the girls each month. In the Govern ment examinations, five passed the Middle Standard and two se cured Senior Vernacular Teachers’ Certificates. The number of Christian teachers is smaller than last year, as one was allowed to go to the Rawal Pindi Girls’ School in December, and another was compelled to leave, as her home was broken up by her mother’s death. One has been employed temporarily and another is being trained, and we hope to have the usual number by the end of next year. In the Bible examination nearly all passed. The girls take great interest in the Bible teaching. A much larger number of faithful witnesses are required, however, to visit the homes of these girls and to be their companions and win them to Christ. Pray that the truth taught from day to day may bring life and light into the homes from which these pupils come.”

RAWAL PINDI ANGLO-VERNACULAR MIDDLE SCHOOL

Acting Manager, M r s. W . T . A n d erson. Acting Headmistress, M iss N. B. B a n e r j e a .

Enrolment, December 31, 1914:— Christians ...... 17 Hindus and Sikhs ...... 61 Mohammedans ...... 46 124 Receipts: Fees and Government Grant $186 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 688

Total Expenditure $874 208 India— Educational Work.

Miss J. L. White left on furlough in November, and, as Miss F. C. Martin was delayed by the European war, Mrs. W. T. An derson took temporary charge of the school. Miss White reports: “The opposition of the leaders of non-Christian sects and the prev alence of the plague have kept some girls away who wished to come, but we have had about all the pupils we could care for with the present staff and equipment, notwithstanding the fact that this is the only girls’ school in the city in which fees are collected. The attendance of the middle classes has been especially good, and seven girls are in the special class preparing for entrance to col lege. '“From the fees collected some necessary furniture has been secured. The Government Inspectress spoke very highly of the school, and the grant was almost doubled. “The course in Bible prescribed by the Mission was followed and in the annual examination the girls passed well. The needs of the school are a building and more money for staff and equip ment.” Mrs. Anderson reports: “During the few weeks I have been in charge, this school, from being just a more or less interesting girls’ school, has become to me, as it were, a great family of dear little and big daughters, each a distinct and engaging personality, each demanding her own meed of love and sympathy, each pos sessing inherently a right to the best education we can possibly give her.” BOARDING SCHOOLS FOR CHRISTIANS.

CHRISTIAN TRAINING INSTITUTE, SIALKOT

M anager, The Rev. T. E. H olliday, d.d. Headmaster, Nasir-ud-Din, Esquire, b.a. Enrolment, December 31, 1914:— Hindus ...... 14 Mohammedans ...... 39 Christians ...... 159 212 Receipts: Fees, Government Grant, and Special G ifts $1,895 ' Granted from Mission Funds ...... 2,485

Total Expenditure...... $4,380 Dr. Holliday reports: “On the first of April this school was reduced to the Vernacular Middle Standard, except that sufficient English was retained to permit the present second and third middle classes to complete their course here. Maula Bakhsh, B.A., head master, resigned his position in the summer and was succeeded by Nasir-ud-Din, B.A.,whose home is in Sialkot District, and who was for a time a pupil in this school. The number of Christians on the staff has been increased by the addition of Daulat and Gulab Khan, both of whom were former students and have received ver nacular teachers’ training. India—Educational Work. 209

“Both in Bible and secular instruction satisfactory results have been obtained. In the second class, which has received normal training, 11 out of 16 students received certificates as qualified for teaching the lower primary standard. A third class has been organized with 15 members. The interest in athletics has not waned, but, owing to the District Tournament being held during the March vacation, the boys were prevented from compet ing. A base ball outfit has been secured, and plans laid for the introduction of this American sport, in place of the time-devouring game of cricket. In laying down my duties here, after eight busy years, I desire to express thanksgiving to the Lord for almost unbroken good health granted to the school and myself, for gra cious guidance and many tokens of His favor in days of difficulty and in days of cheer, for the many friends who have stood faith fully by us and called down on us blessings from the throne of grace, for the 20 who have received training as teachers and the hundreds taught in the regular classes, for the opportunity to im press the Gospel message on so many young lives that have gone out and are yet to go out to help in our village and other schools, who mav later be called to become shepherds in God’s heritage, and especially for the 120 who publicly professed their faith in Christ. The steady and hearty service of the staff and servants has been very encouraging and much has been accomplished by some of these, Maula Bakhsh, B.A., headmaster, Rev. Kathu Mall. Bible teacher, Chaji Ram, a former Hindu clerk, and Sant Masili, board ing master, are worthy of special mention for their unstinted toil for the welfare of the school. Thanks are due again to the friends in the Sabbath-school of the 3rd Church, Pittsburgh, Pa., for a liberal Christmas gift to the C. T. I. that brings home to the hearts of the boys and to all the spirit of the Great Giver of life, joy and all good things: and also to several friends at home who have sent support for different boys of the school.”

GIRLS’ BOARDING SCHOOL, VERNACULAR MIDDLE AND NORMAL, SIALKOT

Managers, Miss M. R. M a r t in , Miss R. B. B e a t t y .

Enrolment, December 31, 1914:— Christians, 181 Receipts: Fees. Government Grant, and Special Gifts ...... $1,475 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 3-648

Total Expenditure ...... $5.123

Miss Martin reports: “The total number of girls attending school during the year was 227. The number enrolled at the end of the year was 181, a little less than last year on account of some going to the new Sangla Hill school. Even now, with the new part which accommodates 25, we are crowded. Six girls went up for the Middle Standard Examination in February, and all passed. 210 India— Educational Work.

Two have gone to high school and the other four are here in the normal* training class. Six appeared in the Normal Examination and all passed. The results of the Bible examination were good. The course is a thorough one and when a girl has finished school she has a very good knowledge of the Bible, and is able to go out to teach the Word to others. They are very familiar, too, with the Psalms. The spiritual life of the girls is good and the Sabbath school and three Christian Endeavor societies have done earnest work. The Senior society gave their offerings to the Belgians. One of the girls came to me one day and said, ‘I want to send every cent I have,’ which was about twenty-five, ‘to the orphans in Belgium.’ Another said, when blankets were being given out, ‘Please give my second blanket to the poor people of Belgium.’ Their religious life is also shown by their faithful daily attendance in the prayer room and the perfect order maintained there without oversight. Last summer the Rev. D. R. Gordon, D.D., held evan gelistic meetings for the congregation indifferent parts of the city. The girls were bent on going, no matter how far they had to walk through heat and dust. Deep and lasting impressions were made.”

AVALON GIRLS’ HIGH SCHOOL, PATHANKOT

M anager, M iss M . J. Campbell.

Enrolment, December 31, IQ14:— Christians ...... 77 Others ...... 11 —88 Receipts: Fees, Government Grant, and Special G ifts $2,609 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 1,293

Total Expenditure ...... $3,902

Miss Campbell reports: “The Avalon High School may well look back over the year 1914 with thanksgiving, and, in remember ing what has been wrought, write down in its annals that this was a year of ‘dreams come true.’ The fine new building that was started three years ago was finished this year. There is now ample accommodation for 100 girls so far as boarding is concerned. The need still exists for class rooms. “The year closed with 88 pupils enrolled, of whom 80 are boarders. The first fifth high class, in which were two girls, ap peared in the Matriculation Examination of the Punjab Univer sity. The Christian community rejoices that two more of its girls are ready for college training and educational work. Five girls passed in the Anglo-Vernacular Middle School Examination. Two received high school scholarships. In the Bible examination there was not one failure. The pupils take a lively interest in mission and temperance work. They have contributed nearly one hundred rupees to these objects during the year.” India— Educational Work. 211

GIRLS’ BOARDING SCHOOL, SANGLA HILL

Manager, Miss F. J. J a m e s o n .

Enrolment, December 31, 1914:— Christians, 68 Receipts: Fees, Government Grant, and Special Gifts _ $237 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 1,443

Total Expenditure ...... $1,680

This is the first full year’s report of this school, which has been built with the generous contributions of the women of our home church. It is built on the cottage plan, a family of 25 girls with a Christian teacher occupying each cottage. Miss Jameson reports: “Though the school is still young, a fourth year class has been formed with an enrolment of nine. The Bible results were very satisfactory. The Government Inspectress was pleased with the secular work done by both pupils and teachers. After several months’ trial, the cottage plan seems to be ideal. Discipline is much easier and the burden of supervision and carrying on of the work is lightened greatly for both superintendent and teachers. Each teacher feels a real interest in looking after the work of her own cottage. It is gratifying to note that the Inspectress of Schools of the Punjab has been so pleased with the buildings that she advised the members of another mission to adopt the same plan. Government has promised a building grant of $3,333. A maintenance grant of $139 has been made for the present year. During the year five girls have united with the church. A Chris tian Endeavor society has been organized with 19 members. No one can join the society without making a promise to take an ac tive part in every meeting. Once a month during the year a copper coin valued at half a cent has been given each girl for an offering in church ; on the other days nearly every girl who has any spend ing money contributes from that. It is a pleasure to see how glad ly they give from their own scanty store. When the thank-offering was taken the sum given by the girls amounted to eleven rupees, about $3.66. One gave a rupee because she had recovered from pneumonia, another, who had a tendency to tuberculosis, gave a rupee because she had kept so well; a third gave four annas be cause her father had been made an elder ; another gave all she had because some sores had healed. Several gave special offerings because of successful results in examinations. Many of the girls gave every copper they owned, and gave it with great enthusiasm and joy! “There has been a good deal of illness in the school this year, mostly malaria. Several times the long journey of a hundred miles has had to be made to Sialkot to get girls to a physician. Last spring, when the number of pupils was almost complete, only room for two more being left, a man came bringing two girls. These were accepted, and while he stood talking a man from an other district appeared with two more girls. The first man re 212 India— Educational Work. turned to his village, happy that he had first arrived, ‘For,’ as he told the Iriends who gathered about him, ‘had I arrived a half hour later my girls would not have been admitted!’ He did not know how hard it is to turn away girls who come, nor that the other two were finally admitted. Many, however, have had to be refused entrance because of the lack of room.”

GIRLS’ BOARDING SCHOOL, SARGODHA

Manager, Miss A. L. Cleland. Miss Cleland reports: “Our little school continued to flourish throughout the most of the year, but the first of November we closed it for lack of funds, and sent the girls to other schools. Some special contributions have come in since, but we are not re calling our girls at present. We shall put the money out at inter est until it seems wise to open again. W e kept the day school open after closing the boarding department, but the Mohammedan children did not enjoy it so much when the Christian girls were not there, and the attendance fell off so that we closed that also. One of the girls in our boarding school was a Mohammedan. Her mother became interested in Christianity through the mission dis pensary in Bhera and wanted her daughter to attend a mission school. The girl was very homesick at first. But she is a very affectionate child and soon became quite happy. When she went home for vacation she was very anxious for the time to pass quickly so she could come back to school. Though she had been with us but four months, what she learned made an impression on her and she would reprove her mother for lying and giving abuse, and would not let her buy things on Sabbath.”

INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS. BOYS’ INDUSTRIAL HOME, GUJRANWALA

Manager, T h e R ev. H’. S. N e s bitt. Assistant Manager, A. A. B is w a s , E s q u ir e .

Enrolment, December 31, 1914:— Christians, 75 Receipts: Fees ...... $63 Earnings ...... 6,624 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 2,209

Total Expenditure ...... $8,896 Mr. Nesbitt reports: “The Home for the past year has been conducted on much the same lines as in previous years. The training work in the shops is, of course, the salient feature of the school, but literary instruction is provided for some of the boys. In the annual All-India S. S. Examination all the boys who enter ed passed. The religious tone of the school has been very good and there are a number of boys who have made progress in piety. One, especially, an Afghan, who is a recent convert from Moham- BOYá INDOSTRIAL HOME, GUJRAN’WALA. India— Educational Work.

medanism, has become, perhaps, the most markedly spiritual boy in the school. The development of character, along with mechani cal training, is the prime object of the school. “The departments at present are carpentry, blacksmithing, weaving, shoemaking, painting, tailoring, and cane work. A room suitable for the teaching of drawing is being prepared, which it is believed will be of the greatest value in teaching accuracy and in making thorough mechanics. “A trained mechanic is needed to take the principal oversight of the shops, and improved methods of work and instruction are urgently called for. Necessary tools and apparatus, with a new building, would greatly enlarge the scope of the school, and enable it to minister to the need for such training in our large and grow ing church.”

GIRLS’ INDUSTRIAL HOME, PASRUR

Manager, M iss E. J. M a r t in .

Enrolment, December 31, 1914:— Christians ...... 137 Mohammedans ...... 1 138 Receipts: Fees, Government Grant, and Special Gifts $ 1 ,2 4 4 Earnings ...... 60 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 1,833 Total Expenditure ...... $3.137

Miss Martin reports: “The Government Inspectress in her report notes improvement in the work of the school and commends the teachers for their faithfulness and use of up-to-date methods. All of the pupils of the fourth and fifth classes were promoted, four of the fifth class winning scholarships. The second class was commended for good work and eight scholarships awarded in the third. The Inspectress says, ‘The arrangements of the school are excellent. The compound is kept beautifully neat; beds are aired in the day time. The girls sleep in the verandas at night, even in winter. The open air life has a very strengthening effect on them, and their physique is developed by regular exercise and energetic games. There are several girls in the school who have been threatened with tuberculosis and have quite recovered. The presence of the tiny kindergarten children has a very good in fluence on the elder girls, who are most kind and good to the little ones. The children do some hand work, such as clay modeling, paper folding, etc., and sing little songs. They are very bright in their counting, etc., and like to show off what they know.’ “The result of the Bible examination shows interest in this part of the work, and the spiritual tone has been good. Eighteen girls united with the church. Four Christian Endeavor societies have held regular meetings. The three rupees contributed by the girls out of their spending money represent more sacrifice than 214 India— Educational Work. many larger contributions. An informal meeting for prayer has been held on Sabbath afternoons. The girls show a vital belief in prayers which has often been rewarded by definite answers. For a part of the year weekly visits to neighboring villages to instruct the Christian women and children were kept up, and those who did the visiting showed great enthusiasm in the work. “Of the 157 who have been in the school this year, four of the boarders were Mohammedan children sent by their parents; and one a blind baby of two years, whose Mohammedan parents abandoned her on the roadside, was brought by two Sikh women. She is supported by a special contribution from Cairo, Egypt. Nine were babies under four years of age and along with the other small children were cared for by the five widows and the older girls. Eighteen day pupils have attended the school during the year. Among the Christians interest in the education of girls is increasing, and a number of girls have been refused admittance because of lack of funds.”

HIGHER EDUCATION FOR BOYS.

DHARIWAL MIDDLE SCHOOL

Manager, T h e R ev. A. M. L a in g . Headmaster, Fazl Shadi Khan, Esquire.

Enrolment, December 31, 1914:— Christians ...... 16 Hindus ...... 100 Mohammedans ...... 62 Sikhs ...... 61 239 Receipts: Fees, Government Grant, and contribution of the New Egerton Woolen Mills Co...... $1,50! Granted from Mission Funds ...... 334 — Total Expenditure ...... $1,835 Mr. Laing reports : “The coming of Fazl Shadi Khan, as headmaster, marked a new era in this school. The school com pound took on a new appearance through the planting of flowers and a hedge. The library was overhauled and improved by the purchase of a number of good books. A place was provided where- the teachers could improve the vacant periods by reading news papers and educational journals. A literary society was estab lished for the boys, and at their annual entertainment they acquit ted themselves creditably. The work of Master Fazl. was interrupted, however, when he accepted a position under the Y. M: C. A., and was sent to France to help the Indian soldiers. His place in the meantime is being filled by the second master, Inayat, also a Christian, who has been in the school for over five years.” India— Educational Work. 215

JHELUM MIDDLE SCHOOL

Manager, Rev. Harris J. Stewart. Headmaster, Fazl Ilahi, Esquire, b.a.

Enrolment, December 31, 1914:— Christians ...... 9 Hindus ...... 101 Mohammedans ...... 88 Sikhs ...... 21 219 Receipts: Fees and Government G rant...... $1,009 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 402

Total Expenditure ...... $1,411

Mr. Stewart reports: “The work of the school went on through the year without interruption. The attendance has been good, filling the old rented quarters almost to the limit of their capacity. Fazl Ilahi, B.A., headmaster, continues in charge of the school and there are two other Christian teachers on the staff. Grant-in-aid from the Government was increased on April 1 from Rs. 900 to Rs. 1,425 per annum. The moral tone of the school has been excellent, and some good results have followed the temperance instruction that was given. Besides chapel services, Bible instruction was also given to each class daily. The Sabbath school lesson has also been taught every week. Prizes were given to the boys who passed the All-India S. S. Examination in 1913. Many boys have also competed successfully in the examination held in 1914.”

MARTINPUR MIDDLE SCHOOL

Manager, The Rev. H. C. Chambers. Headmaster, Bhana Mall.

Enrolment; December 31, 1914:— Christians ...... 84 Hindus ...... 13 Mohammedans ...... 21 Others ...... 1 119 Receipts : Fees and Government Grant ...... $268 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 208

Total Expenditure ...... $476 Mr. Chambers reports: “This school is still without any building or equipment. As formerly, the school is held on the church veranda. The Government has refused to make a free grant of land, or to help in the way of a building grant, until some accommodation and equipment are provided. Land can be bought from the Government for Rs. 120 per acre, and it is hoped that ten acres can be purchased for this purpose. It is the intention to erect with the funds on hand five rooms of the proposed building. 2i 6 India— Educational Work.

When this is done there is every reason to believe that the Gov ernment will make a substantial building grant. Funds will be needed at once for the equipment of these five rooms. It is a wonderful opportunity to give the very best English and vernacu lar education to Christian boys at a minimum cost to the church. The Church of Scotland Mission Colony of Youngsonabad will patronize and aid in the support of the school.”

SANGHOI MIDDLE SCHOOL

Manager, The Rev. Harris J. Stewart. Headmaster, G. K. Guin, Esquire.

Enrolment, December 31, 1914:— Christians ...... 2 Hindus ...... 41 Mohammedans ...... 104 Sikhs ...... 7 154 Receipts: Fees and Grant-in-aid ...... $469 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 494

Total Expenditure ...... $963

Mr. Stewart reports: “During the last year a number of changes have taken place in the staff. Mr. G. K. Guin, a Christian Bengali, educated in Gordon Mission College, has been secured as headmaster. There are two other Christian teachers. Daily Bible lessons are taught and chapel exercises are held. The crick et team won the championship in the district tournament. The students are chiefly sons of Mohammedan farmers. Owing to the Government rule that sons of farmers are exempt from paying school fees, the income from this source is low, but the Govern ment grant-in-aid has increased. It is gratifying that through this school we are able to reach so many Mohammedans, a class of people comprising nine-tenths of the population of Jhelum District.”

SIALKOT HIGH SCHOOL

Manager, The Rev. E. E. Campbell. Headmaster, M aula Bakhsh, Esquire, b.a. (from January 1, 1915)-

Enrolment, December 31, 1914:— Christians ...... 24 Hindus ...... 51 Mohammedans ...... 622 Sikhs ...... 7 704 Receipts: Fees and Government Grant ...... $4>IJ4 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 793

Total Expenditure $4,907 India— Educational Work. 2i ;

Mr. Campbell reports: “The year has been a prosperous one. The attendance has been large, and faithful work has been done. There are two more Christian teachers than last year; one left the staff and three were added. Two of these latter are train ed teachers and one of them, Mr. Maula Bakhsh, B.A., S.A.V., a graduate of Gordon Mission College, becomes headmaster from the first of the new year. “The Bible teaching has not been all that could be desired. It is not easy to hold the continued interest of classes with such a heavy percentage of non-Christians, 88 per cent, of the total being Mohammedans. Much, however, has been done. May we not pray for a larger number of capable Bible teachers who will be intercessors as well? In the All-India S. S. Examination both Christians and non-Christians appeared, and nearly all were suc cessful. “More Christian teachers, a properly equipped laboratory, a recitation room for the science classes, and more furniture, es pecially desks for the drawing room, are among the needs of the schools that should be met soon.”

RAWAL PINDI HIGH SCHOOL

Manager, The Rev. E. b . Porter, d.d. Headmaster, B. Samuel, Esquire, b.a.

Enrolment, December 31, 1914:— Christians ...... 31 Hindus ...... 238 Mohammedans ...... 353 Sikhs ...... 104 726 Receipts: Government Grant and Fees ...... $5,875 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 1,318

Total Expenditure ...... $7,193

Dr. Porter reports: “The enrolment is two hundred less than last year. This is accounted for by the closing of a branch school in the Sadar Bazaar, the general policy of the educational depart ment in restricting attendance, the opening of two new high schools in the city, and the prevalence of plague. The Govern ment grant has been decreased on account of what is termed over crowding in the lower primary department. “The instructional state of the school has been very satisfac tory. In the Matriculation Examination 75 per cent, of the candi dates passed, 8 in the first, 12 in the second, and 8 in the third division. In several subjects there was not a single failure. “The Director of Public Instruction granted Mr. Samuel, headmaster, a departmental Senior Anglo-Vernacular Certificate in recognition of his excellent work. The reward was well de served. A drawing teacher’s certificate was awarded to Mr. Shan kar Dass, the kindergarten teacher, and a certificate of physical 2l8 India— Educational Work. training to the junior drill master. Mr. McAuley, a member of the teaching staff, was granted a pension after 35 years of faithful service. Besides the secular work, which he had performed in a very satisfactory manner, he took a large part in the religious in struction and was house-father to the Christian boys. The consis tent life of this servant of Christ has been a commendation of the Gospel he taught. “When our team won both the football and hockey finals in the District Tournament, the people said, ‘God is with the Chris tians.’ In the Circle Tournament, held soon after, a local school was cheering the team opposed to the Mission School. When the score stood 2-1 against the Mission School they cried in derision, ‘Where is now the God of Christians? He is dead.’ Hardly were the words uttered when another goal tied the score. In the time given to play off the tie, the Mission team won two more goals and won the championship of the circle.”

GUJRANWALA HIGH SCHOOL

Manager, The Rev. Robert Maxwell. Headmaster, B. C. Chatterjea, Esquire, b.a.

Enrolment, December 31, IQ14:— Christians ...... 43 Hindus ...... 299 Mohammedans ...... 228 Sikhs ...... 40

Receipts : Fees and Government Grant $5,072 Granted from Mission Fund ...... 1,044 Total Expenditure...... $6,116

Mr. Maxwell reports: “The opening session of the year 1914 was the first held in the new and commodious building, and in it the work has been done with greater comfort and efficiency. “The strict enforcement of the Government rules concerning overcrowding has prevented a larger enrolment in some classes, while others have been kept slightly below the fixed limit by the opening of another high school in the city. “In the competitive tests for the scholarships in the district, nine were won, and in the Matriculation Examination, out of 40 candidates 32 were successful, six passing in the first division, and one standing eighth in the list of Science Faculty candidates of Punjab University. “In the Bible examination the results were good, especially that of the Christian boys. The Bible teacher, Wazir Chand, B.A., who is studying in the Theological Seminary, was away for two months in addition to vacation, supplying the Lyallpur congrega tion ; and the Rev. B. M. Rai, who was secured as a substitute and was assistant boarding master, and Hakim Din, B.A., B.T., board ing master, went to France in connection with the work carried on India— Educational Work. 219

by the Y. M. C. A. among the Indian Troops. These changes have interfered with the work of Bible teaching and superintendence of the boarders, but another man has now been secured who is doing good work, and the Christian boys seem to be making satisfactory progress. “Near the close of the year His Honor Sir Michael Francis O’Dwyer, G.C.S.I., Chief Executive of the Punjab, visited the school and was much pleased with it. “The need of the school is for more strong Christian masters who will show forth the Christ and lead others to follow Him.”

GORDON MISSION COLLEGE, RAWAL PINDI Staff

Rev. E. L . P o rter, m.a., d.d., Principal and Professor of English. W . H. Merriam, Esquire, m.a., Professor of Philosophy. J o h n W . Meloy, Esquire, b.a., Professor of English and Mathematics. Peter Ponsonby, Esquire, m.a., Professor of History and Economics Lala Monohar Lai., b.a., b.t., Professor of Physics and Chemistry. M. A bd u r R a h m a n , m.a., Professor of Persian and English. Lala Sada Nand, m.a.,Professor of Mathematics. Lala RagU Nath Sahai, m.sc.,Offg. Professor of Biology. S. Teja Stngh, b.a., Assistant Professor of English and History. Maulvi Muhammad Akram, Professor of Persian and Arabic. Pandit Hari Chand, Shastri, Professor of Sanskrit. (On leave.) Pandit Durga Dutt, Shastri, Offg. Professor of Sanskrit.

Enrolment, December 31, 1914:— Christians ...... 11 Hindus ...... 81 Mphammedans ...... 25 Sikhs .. .•...... 33 150 Receipts: Government Grant, Fees and Special Gifts ...... $7,365 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 2,784

Total Expenditure ...... $10,149

Dr. Porter reports: “Professor W. H. Merriam, M.A., took the chair of Philosophy at the beginning of the College year. Professor Ralph R. Stewart, M.A., completed his term of service in June. He was very successful as a professor, popular with the students in the class room, on the athletic field, and in social ser vice, and is greatly missed in the life of the institution. The de partment of Biology is in charge of a non-Christian Professor, since no short-term teacher from America or Indian Christian was available. Professor C. A. Stewart, B.A., who came from the Reformed Presbyterian Academy in Larnika, Cyprus, for one year’s service, also returned to America in the spring. Though his term of service was short, he gave ample proof of his ability as a teacher. 220 India— Educational Work.

“Affiliation in Economics was granted by the Punjab Univer sity and Professor Ponsonby, M.A., was appointed to teach this subject. The Punjab University made a grant of Rs. 1,800 to the college for a gas plant on the condition that the college furnish an equal amount from its own funds. A Mansfield’s Oil Gas plant of 500 cubic feet storage capacity has been erected. The college is in debt for its share of this plant until funds are available from some special source. “The University also gave a grant of Rs. 1,000 for the library. This will add considerably to the 2,300 volumes now in the library. Thanks are due to the Rev. T. E. Holliday, D.D., for a very gen- ous gift of books. “The results of the University examinations were generally satisfactory. In the Intermediate Arts Examination the percent age of passes was the highest of the 17 colleges affiliated with the University. “The usual daily Bible classes were held. A special class was formed for the Christian students. A prayer room has been pro vided for them in the hostel and one of the professors meets with them for evening worship. Addresses on religious subjects have been given by the Christian members of the staff and by others invited for this purpose. “It is difficult to tabulate the results of Bible instruction. One Mohammedan graduate, who is headmaster of a Government school, has written that he has definitely decided to accept Christ and be baptized. (Since this was written he has been baptized.) Another Mohammedan student says that he will make a public confession of his faith as soon as he can support his wife and child. The Christian students have shown a very commendable spirit of service. The headmasters of two of the high schools of our Mission are Christian graduates of the college, while another old student gave up a similar position to go to France with the Indian Expeditionary Force in connection with the Y. M. C. A. “The Mission has for some years been asking for $21,000 for buildings and equipment for the college. This amount is urgently needed if we are to hold for Christian education the territory which we now occupy.” India— Educational Work. 221 THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY.

GUJRANWALA

Faculty

The Rev. Robert Stewart, d .d ., l l .d. T h e R ev. T . L. S cott, d.d. T h e R ev. L a b h u M a l l .

The Faculty reports: “The attendance for 1914 was fourteen; six in the higher department and eight in the lower. One is a college graduate. The students are to be commended for their diligence and good conduct. Besides attending to their studies, they took an active part in the work of the congregation and went out to the surrounding villages to preach as occasion offered. Through the gift of money contributed last year for a library, the number of books is being increased. The income from the bequest of the late Mrs. D. S. Lytle has been utilized to furnish prizes for our more successful students. The Indian Church needs, for its evangelistic and pastoral work, men of considerable education, and it is to be regretted that so few are available who have qualified themselves for studying in the Seminary proper, the lowest re quirement for entrance to which is college entrance or its equiva lent. Men of lower grade, from lack of intellectual training, find it hard to grapple with theological problems, or to make rapid attainment in the knowledge of the original languages of Scrip ture. Also, because of the scarcity of good books in the vernacu lar, especially of reliable commentaries, it is necessary for stu dents to know enough of English to consult other books.” 222 India— Medical Work.

MEDICAL WORK.

MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, SIALKOT

M iss M a r ia W h it e , m.d.

Miss White reports: “During the year 19 14 the Memorial Hospital has seen and relieved much suffering. In the dispensary 13,176 new patients were treated, of whom 6,575 were Moham medans, 3,280 Hindus, and 3,293 Europeans, Eurasians, Indian Christians, and low caste people. The aggregate attendance at the dispensary was 38,580 and the number of in-patients was 815. “ In the Babies’ W ard 21 have been accommodated: 18 at one time, of whom ten were under one year of age and 13 were unable to walk. “The desire to learn of Christ is increasing among the pa tients from year to year. An Arya woman of good family who had submitted to a necessary operation said to my assistant, Miss An derson, ‘I am so glad to learn of Jesus. Long ago a leaflet with His name on it came into my hands. I did not know who He was, but ever since, I have been praying that I might learn more of Him, and now I am here listening to His words.’ One day when receiving a painful treatment she began to pray aloud a beautiful prayer, full of confession of sin, pleading for forgiveness and ac ceptance. When she had finished Miss Anderson advised her to offer her prayers in the name of Jesus. Next day, being in much pain and anxious and troubled because her little boy had not been brought to see her, she prayed in the name of Jesus for the pain to be relieved and for help to bear the boy’s absence. Both pray ers were answered at once. In the afternoon she met Miss An derson with a beaming face, and told her how her prayers had been answered and that in the future she was always going to pray in the name of Jesus. “The house to house visitation has been thoroughly done and the women have learned gladly. I receive daily requests for the Bible women to visit additional houses. Three Bible women in stead of one would be required to meet the demand. “His Honor the Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab, with the Commissioner of Lahore Division, and the Deputy Commissioner and Superintendent of Police of Sialkot District, visited the Hos pital, and His Honor made many complimentary remarks and pro posed that the prant-in-aid from the Municipality be increased. “Four student nurses passed the examinations of the first three years and three that of the first year. Two received the Government certificate in midwifery.” India— Medical Work. 223

WHITE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, PASRUR

M iss M a r ia W h it e , m.d.

Miss White reports: “The work has gone on satisfactorily under the supervision of Mrs. Maidment. I have made only monthly visits. In the fall plague broke out and it is still raging in the town and the surrounding villages. “There have been 62 in-patients and 7,075 new out-patients, with a total attendance at dispensary of 18,320. “With the exception of Miss Faqira, who was transferred to the Memorial Hospital, Sialkot, the staff remains the same as last year. “I am looking forward to the time when a doctor will be se cured for the Memorial Hospital, Sialkot, and I can give my whole time to the work in Pasrur. “In reviewing the work of the year I can only say with the Psalmist, ‘Praise ye Jehovah. . . . Praise him, O ye ser vants of Jehovah, . . . Whatsoever Jehovah pleased, that hath he done.’ ”

GOOD SAMARITAN HOSPITAL, JHELUM

M iss J. P. Simpson, m.d.

Miss Simpson reports: “There has been an increase in all lines of work in 1914. The average daily attendance at the dis pensary last year was 62, this year 92. In the hot months there were frequently from 150 to 170 per day, and occasionally almost 200. The total attendance this year was 33,695, as compared with 23,520 last year. The average of in-patients increased from 18 to 22 per day, and the total number from 458 to 536. The women seem more willing to undergo the necessary operations, and come long distances for that purpose. Unfortunately some have come too late, especially several cases of cancer on which we had to refuse to operate. “We have had more Hindu and Mohammedan maternity cases as in-patients than usual. They usually came after the In dian midwives had done their utmost and made them septic, and were abnormal cases requiring operation. But all, except one, went away well. There were sixteen abnormal cases this year as compared with six last year, and other operations are double what they were last year. “Our Bible woman is a daughter of one of the best evange lists in the Mission, and with her sister, who is head nurse, seems to have inherited some of her father’s ability in apt illustration, and makes the Bible lessons interesting and easily understood by the most ignorant village-women. Many listen eagerly and learn Bible verses and portions of Psalms. Two professed love for 224 India— Medical Work.

Christ and showed considerable understanding of the Gospel, but have not confessed Him publicly. There have been many changes in the staff. Miss Howell returned home after completing her term of service and two of the junior nurses were married. An experienced Indian nurse has been placed in charge of the training of the junior nurses in practical work, and an experienced com pounder and two probationers, who show aptitude for learning nursing, have been secured.”

KALA DISPENSARY

M iss J. P. Simpson, m.d.

Miss Simpson reports: “There has been no resident worker in Kala this year, but the dispensary has been open twice a week except during vacation. During the eighty-two days it was open the average attendance was thirty-one, which is ten better than last year. The number of new patients is 1,535 and the total at tendance 2,594.”

SARGODHA GENERAL HOSPITAL

M iss W in ifr e d H e s to n , m.d.

Miss Heston reports: “ 111 health has prevented me for months at a time from being in the hospital, but nevertheless, the work has made progress. The number of new patients in the out door department has always been good, but the total attendance of both old and new has been smaller. Recently the staff discovered that the women would attend once, get the diagnosis and prescrip tion written on their paper, and ever after get the prescription filled in the town. They had to pay for it, but they are able to do this. There are many private practitioners and chemists who con travene our efforts when they can, and when they cannot, are ready to appropriate the results of our skill and knowledge. Since this discovery, only a number has been written oh the papers given out and the attendance has steadily increased. On December 1st the men assistants were replaced by women, and the outlook for the development of the work is bright. The female hospital as sistant has already begun to build up a practice in the city, and in the absence of the physician in charge has had more calls in a single week than the male assistant had in a year.” <

BHERA DISPENSARY

M iss W in ifr e d H e s to n , m.d.

Miss Heston reports: “The attendance is larger than las+ year. In October, the Mission granted increased accommodation for a hospital, which is being fitted up. Miss Morgan and Miss India— Medical Work. 225

Aldridge have continued their faithful and successful work. They ask prayer for more fruit from their labors. They received a call recently from one of their old patients who had endured per secution for the truth, and found her still firm in the faith. In the autumn a Mohammedan woman, of her own accord, sent her daughter to the Christian Girls’ Boarding School at Sargodha, and then to Pasrur, thus bringing her directly under Christian in fluence and instruction. Good results are anticipated in the cases of both the girl and her mother. ‘In due season ye shall reap if ye faint not.’ 55

ELLIOTT DISPENSARY, PATHANKOT

Miss E. W. M a c o n a c h i e .

Miss Maconachie reports: “This second year has been one of continued growth. The Tehsildar advertised the dispensary in the villages of the district, and many have come and been help ed. Several days ago a patient in giving her name, said she had come 16 miles on foot, and as she had been ill for three months she was much exhausted. She took lodgings in town and came to the dispensary daily until she left for home almost well. The new pa tients for the year were 5,630, and the total attendance 19,364. The staff is the same as last year and has done faithful work The interest in the Bible teaching has increased. Many say with out hesitation that Christ is the Son of God and quite a number join in the singing of the Psalms.”

SANGLA HILL DISPENSARY

M i s s E. M. M i n c e r .

The dispensary was opened April 24th with an attendance of eight. This has steadily grown both from Sangla Hill and the neighboring villages. The highest for a single day was 64, repre senting 13 villages. As the women usually came several times for treatment, they not only heard, but learned several Bible stor ies. They were especially fond of the 51st Psalm, which was sung every day. In addition to securing a better hearing from the non-Christian women, we were able to keep in closer touch with the Christian villages through the visits of the women who came for treatment.

TRAVELING DISPENSARIES

Toward the close of the year compounders were secured for the camps itinerating in G'ujranwala and Sialkot Districts. Many are being treated and interested in the Great Physician. SUMMARY OF MEDICAL STATISTICS, INDIA, 1914

09 V Institution 13 New Other Indian Receipts Assistants Operations In-patients Aid & Aid & Local Government Out-patients Total Total attend ance at Dis pensaries Medical Work Medical Missionaries in Missionaries 1 1 Physicians |

Memorial Hospital, Sialkot 1 11 126 816 1,084 13,176 88,580 1,766 2,904 White Memorial Hospital, Pasrur, ...... 2 10 62 185 7,076 18,320 194 679 Good Samaritan Hospital, Jhelum, ...... 1 9 83 636 405 9,632 83,695 862 1,896 Kala Dispensary...... 1 19 1,585 2,694 18 . . . Bhera Dispensary . . • • • 1 4 ' 52 72 9,738 28,074 32 i 400 Sargodha General Hospital 1 2 6 161 125 7,210 9,958 608 169 Elliott Dispensary, Pathankot...... 1 1 . . . . 96 6,630 19,364 280 822 Sangla Hill, Dispensary . 1,200 3,000 67 368 Itinerating Dispensary, Sialkot...... 2 285 285 4 57

Total 3 1 27 178 1,626 1,887 65,476 163,870 3,946 6,870 India—Missionaries and Workers. 227

MISSIONARIES AND WORKERS. ON THE FIELD DECEMBER 31st, 1914. GUJRANWALA

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. W. D. Mercer, Miss M. M. Wilson, Miss L. M. Buchanan Indian Workers— Pastor— The Rev. Shadi Khan, Othian Galo- tian, The Rev. Imam ud Din, Natt, Ghak- khar, Badoke Evangelist— The Rev. Jiwan Mall School Inspector- S. Stephen S ohool Teachers- Christians, 21; non-Christian, 19 Other Workers, 12; Licentiate, 1 The City— The Rev. and Mrs. Robert Maxwell, Miss R. A. McCullough Indian Workers— Pastors— The Rev. Barkat Masih, Gujranwala Evangelist— The Rev. Karm Bakhsh Bible Women— Mrs. Murray, Mrs. Bhagtu Mall, Mrs. Bashir ud Din, Mrs. G. L. Thakur Das. Mrs. Daulat Masih, Alice Bashir ud Din, Martha School Teachers— Christians, 6 The Theological Seminary— The Rev. and Mrs. Robert Stewart, the Rev. and Mrs. T. L. Scott Indian Professor— The Rev. and Mrs. Labhu Mall The Boys’ Industrial Home— The Rev. and Mrs. H. S. Nesbitt Indian Staff—Assistant— A. A. Biswas, Esq. Christian Teachers, Khushal Chand, Sant Masih, and two others; non-Christian, 1 The Girls’ Middle School— The Rev. and Mrs. Robert Maxwell Indian Staff—Headmistress— Miss K. M. Mukerjea Christian Teachers— 4; non-Christian, 8 The Boys’ High School— The Rev. and Mrs. Robert Maxwell Indian Staff— Headmaster— Ii. C. Chatterjea, Esq., b . a . Christian Teachers— Hakim Din, Esq., b.a., b.t., (on leave) Khera Mall. non-Christian, 24 W azir Chand, Esq., b . a . , Ladha Mall,

GURDASPUR

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. A. M. Laing, Miss O. R. Laing, Miss M. J. Fehlman Pastors— The Rev. Aziz ul Haqq, Awankha The Rev. Gnulaba, Khaira Kotli The Rev. Allah Ditta, Ugru Khaira The Rev. James, Gurdaspur School Teachers— Christian, 9; non-Christian, 18 Bible Woman— Mrs. Dennison Dhariwal Middle School— Headmaster— Fazl Shadi Khan, Esq. (on leave) Christian Teachers, 5; non-Christian, 5 228 India—Missionaries and Workers.

JHELUM

The District— The Rev. Harris J. Stewart, Miss M. E. Logan, Miss E. M. Gordon Indian Workers— Pastor— The Rev. Ganda Mall, Jhelum Bible Women— Mrs. Viro Hari Chand, Mrs. Roberts, Mrs. Isa Das Christian Teacher, i Other Workers, 13 Middle Schools— The Rev. Harris J. Stewart Jhelum City— Headmaster— Fazl Ilahi, Esq., b .a . Christian Teachers^— Lahna Mall, Bindra Ban; non-Chris tian, 8 Sanghoi— Headmaster— G. K. Guin, Esq. Christian Teachers— Isa Das, Bindra Ban; non-Christian, 7 The City Girls’ School— Headmistress— Miss Mathilda Sadoc Christian Teacher, : ; non-Christian, 2 Good Samaritan Hospital— Miss J. P. Simpson, m .d . Indian Staff— Sub-Assistant Surgeon— Mrs. Fazl Ilahi Assistant— Miss Agnes Sahae Compounder, 1; Nurses, 5; Dresser, 1 Bible Woman— Mrs. Sarah Fazl Ilahi

KHANGAH DOGRAN

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. H. C. Chambers, Miss S. J. Hopkins, Miss E. M. Wilson Indian Workers— Pastors— The Rev. Kathu Mall, Martinpur The Rev. Buta Mall, Sathiali Evangelist— The Rev. Fazl Din School Inspector— Barkhurdar Khan Christian Teachers, 17; non-Christian, 1 Other Workers, 6 Martinpur Boys’ Middle School— Headmaster— Bhana Mall. Christian Teachers, 4; non-Christian, 1

LYALLPUR

The District— The Rev. J. H. Martin, d .d ., Miss N. J. Spencer, Miss L. A. McConnell Indian Workers— Pastors— The Rev. Khair ud Din, Manpur The Rev. Bawa Nasir, Chak 72 Evangelist— The Rev. Paul Nasar Ali Bible Woman— Mrs. Dina Nath School Teachers— Christian, 6; non-Christian, 3 Other Workers, 6; Licentiate, 1 The City— The Rev. J. H. Martin, Miss J. B. Morrison The City Girls’ School— Miss J. B. Morrison Indian Staff— Christian Teacher, 1 India—Missionaries and Worker's. 229

PASRUR

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. E. V. Clements, Miss Mary Kyle, Miss Elizabeth Lawrence Indian Workers— Pastors— The Rev. Jamil ud Din, Pasrur The Rev. David, Passianwala Pastor Elect— The Rev. Ida Khan, Bhodi Evangelist— The Rev. Qadir Bakhsh School Inspector— Munshi Kaku Mall School Teachers— Christian, 23; non-Christian, 13 Bible Women— Mrs. Jones, Dhuri, Premi. Other Workers, 17; Licentiate, I Girls’ Industrial Home— Miss E. J. Martin Indian Staff— Headmistress— Miss Ishar Das Christian Teachers, 2; non-Christian, 2 Other Workers, 3 The White Memorial Hospital— Miss Maria White, m .d . Indian Staff— Hospital Assistant- -Mrs. Jane Maidment Nurse, 1; Dressers, 2; Other Work ers, 2 Bible Woman— Mrs. Failbus

PATHANKOT

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. John H. Stewart, Miss C. E. Wilson, Miss R. T. Wil son Indian Workers— Evangelist— The Rev. Imam ud Din School Teachers— Christian, 1; non-Christian, 1 Other Workers, 9; Licentiate, 1 Bible Woman— Clara Avalon Girls' School— Miss M. J. Campbell American Teacher— Miss Louise Scott Indian Staff— Headmistress— Miss G. Mahli Christian Teachers, 7; non-Christian, 1 City Girls’ School— Miss M. J. Campbell Indian Staff— Christian Teachers, 2; non-Christian, I

RAW AL PINDI

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. W. T. Anderson, Miss M. A. Lawrence, Miss A. M. Hamilton Indian Workers— Other Workers, 3 Licentiate, 1; Bible Woman, 1 The City and Cantonments— The Rev. R. E. Ayers, Miss F. C. Martin Indian Workers— Pastor— The Rev. W. T. Williams, Rawal Pindi City Colporteurs— Elder Beni Parshad, Chambel Das Bible Women— Mrs. Baptist, Mrs. Thomas and two others School Teachers- Christian, 4 Other Workers, 6 Girls' Anglo-Vernacular Middle School— Miss F. C. Martin Indian Staff— Headmistress— Miss N. B. Banerjea, Officiating Christian Teachers, 7; non-Christian, 1 230 India—Missionaries and Workers.

Gordon Mission College The Rev. and Mrs. E. L. Porter, Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Merriam Staff— John W. Meloy, Esq., b .a ., Professor of English and Mathematics Peter Ponsonby, Esq., m .a ., Professor of History and Economics Lala Manohar Lai, b .a ., b .t ., Profes sor of Physics and Chemistry M. Abdur Rahman, m .a ., Professor of Persian and English Lala Sada Nand, m .a ., Professor of Mathematics Lala Ragu Nath Sahai, m .s c ., Offg. Professor of Biology S. Teja Singh, b .a ., Assistant Pro fessor of English and History Maulvi Muhammad Akram, Pro fessor of Persian and Arabic Pandit Hari Chand Shastri, Profes sor of Sanskrit (on leave) Pandit Durga Datt, Offg. Professor of Sanskrit The Boys’ High School— The Rev. and Mrs. E. L. Porter Indian Staff— Headmaster— B. Samuel, Esq., b .a . Christian Teachers— The Rev. W . Caleb, Masih Diyal, and five others ; non-Christian, 34

SANGLA HILL

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. F. N. Crawford, Miss K. A. Hill Indian Workers— Christian Teachers, 14; non-Christian, 6 Other W orkers, 19 The Girls’ Boarding School— Miss F. J. Jameson, Miss Betsy Flem ming for Language Study Indian Staff— Christian Teachers, 4

SARGODHA

The District- The Rev. J. A. McConnelee, the Rev. and Mrs. J. A. McArthur, Miss A. L. Cleland, Miss R. A. Warnock Indian Workers— Pastors— The Rev. Mangu Mall, Sakesar The Rev. Labhu Mall, 1st Sargodha ■ Remount Depot The Rev. Faqira Mall, 2nd Sargodha Remount Depot The Rev. Chetu Mall, Sargodha The Rev. Mallu Chand, Nahrwala Pastor Elect— The Rev. Nathu Mall* Chak 87 The Rev. Farman Din, Westonpur Stated Supply— The Rev. H. D. Salik, Bhera Evangelist— The Rev. I. D. Shahbaz, Bhalwal The Rev. Wadhawa Mall, Chak 44 Bible Women— Miss Stowell, Mrs. Shahbaz, and one other School Inspector- Sundar Das School Teachers- Christian, 17; Other Workers, 9 India—Missionaries and Workers. 231

Sargodha General Hospital— Miss Winifred Heston, m .d. Indian Staff— Hospital Assistant— Miss Violet Bennett Compounder, 1; Nurse, 1 Bible Women— Mrs. David Bhera Dispensary— Miss Winifred Heston, m .d. Indian Staff— Hospital Assistant— Miss Prem Masih Bible Woman— Miss Aldridge Compounder, 1

SIALKOT

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. W. M. McKelvey, Miss Henrietta Moore, Miss M. E. Beatty Indian Workers— Pastors— The Rev. Gulam Masih, Chawinda The Rev. Karm Dad, Bawa Lakhan School Inspector— Mathias School Teachers— Christian, 13; non-Christian, 10 Other W orkers, 21 The City— The Rev. E. E. Campbell, Miss Eliz abeth McCahon Indian Workers— Pastor— The Rev. Gulam Masih, Sialkot School Teachers— Christian, 5 The Christian Training Institute— The Rev. T. E. Holliday, d .d . Indian Staff— Headmaster— Nasir ud Din, Esquire, b.a. Christian Teachers, 3; non-Christian, 9 The Girls’ Boarding School— Miss M. R. Martin, Miss R. B. Beatty Indian Staff— Headmistress- Miss R. Qutb ud Din Christian Teachers, 8; non-Christian, 2 The City Girls’ School— Miss M. R. Martin Indian Staff— Christian Teachers, 3; non-Christian, 2 The Boys’ High School— The Rev. E. E. Campbell Indian Staff— Headmaster- Maula Bakhsh, Esquire, b .a . (from the 1st of January, 1915) Christian Teachers, 5; non-Christian, 23 The Memorial Hospital— Miss Maria White, m .d . Indian Staff— Sub-Assistant Surgeon— Miss Sonahli Singh Bible Women— Miss E. M. Anderson, Mrs. James, Nihali Compounders, 2; Nurses, x i; Dressers, 3

ZAFARWAL

The District- The Rev. and Mrs. S. C. Picken, Miss L. B. Hamilton, Miss D. B. White- ly Indian Workers— Pastors— The Rev. Arura Mall, Chhima The Rev. Mulaim ud Din, Zafarwal School Teachers— Christian, 15; non-Christian, 4 Other Workers, 11 Bible Woman— Leah 232 India—Missionaries and Workers.

MISSIONARIES ON FURLOUGH

The Rev. and Mrs. J. W. Ballantyne The Rev. J. S. Barr, d .d . The Rev. and Mrs. M. M. Brown The Rev. and Mrs. A. B. Caldwell The Rev. and Mrs. J. G. Campbell The Rev. and Mrs. Osborne Crowe . Mrs. D. R. Gordon Mrs. T. E. Holliday Mrs A. E. McClure Mrs. J. A. McConnelee Mrs. J. H. Martin Miss E. D. Anderson Miss Hazel Bennett Miss L. S. Brotherston Miss H. M. Cowden Miss L. G. Dickson Miss E. G. Gordon Miss N. A. Hadley Miss J. E. Martin Miss J. L. White I nd ta—5 ta tisti cal Su ni mary. 233

STATISTICAL SUMMARY. For the year ending December 31st, 1914

I. F IE L D

Number of square miles ...... 24,223 Total population ...... 5,443,095 Total number of cities ...... 35 Total number of villages ...... 9,339 Number of cities and villages in which there are Christians 1,506 Total Christian community, including members, adherents, baptized children, and catechumens ...... 61,064 Net increase in Christian community in 1914 ...... 3,030

II. WORKERS

AMERICAN— Number of Ordained Missionaries...... 22 Layman Missionary ...... 1 “ Married Women Missionaries. 16 “ Unmarried Women Mission aries ...... 34 “ Medical Missionaries, Women. 3 “ Short Term Teachers ...... 2

Total Americans at work on the field ...... 78 INDIAN— Number of Ordained Ministers ...... 43 “ Licentiates ...... 11 “ Theological Students ...... 14 “ Colporteurs ...... 6 “ Bible Women ...... 36 “ Christian Teachers ...... 244 “ Medical Assistants...... 28 “ Other Christian Workers ...... 122 “ Non-Christian Teachers...... 214

Total number of Indian Workers ...... 718

Total number of Workers, American and Indian ...... 796

III. CHURCH

INDIAN MINISTERS—Pastors and Stated Supplies ... 31 Missionary of the Synod ...... 1 Professor in the S em in ary..... 1 Bible Teacher ...... 1 Evangelists ...... 7 In Y . M. C. A . work in F ran ce.. 1 In Business ...... I

Total ...... 43 234 India—Statistical Summary.

Number of Ministers Ordained in 1914 ...... 5 “ Pastors Installed ...... 7 “ Students Licensed ...... 1 “ Organized Congregations ...... 60 Congregations organized in 1914 (and one in 1911 not reported) ...... 6 “ Congregations having Pastors ...... 29 “ Pastoral charges ...... 58 “ Unorganized Circles ...... 100 Other Places where Services are held ...... 327 Total Membership ...... 32,307 Increase by Profession ...... 2,813 “ Certificate and Restoration ...... 4,672 .

7,485 Decrease by Death ...... — 703 “ Removal and Suspension...... 6,106

6,809 Net Increase in 1914 ...... 676 Number of Adult Baptisms ...... 1,871 “ Infant Baptisms ...... 2,319

Total Baptisms...... 4,190 Contributions from the Indian Church to Missions ...... $781 Pastors’ Salaries ...... 2,596 Synod and Presbytery Funds ...... 172 General Purposes ...... 1,876

Total Contributions of Indian Church to Church Work.. $5,425 Special Gifts ...... 677 Paid from Mission Treasury towards Church and Evange listic Work ...... 8,409 Number of Self-Supporting Congregations ...... 31

IV. SABBATH SCHOOLS

Number of Sabbath Schools...... 141 “ Officers and Teachers ...... 278 Pupils ...... 5,833 Contributions ...... $380

V. YOUNG PEOPLE’S SOCIETIES

Number of Societies ...... 33 “ Members ...... 827 Contributions ...... $85

VI. WOMEN’S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES

Number of Societies ...... 29 Contributions ...... $453 India—5 tatistical Summary. 235

VII. SCHOOLS

Theological Seminary ...... 1 College ...... 1 High Schools for Boys ...... 3 “ “ for Girls ...... 1 Middle Schools for Boys ...... 4 for Girls ...... 3 Industrial Schools for Boys ...... 1 “ “ for Girls ...... 1 Primary Schools for Boys ...... 189 “ “ for Girls ...... 16

Total number of Schools ...... 220 Number of Students in the Theological Seminary ...... 12 Number of Students in the College (including those who appeared in the F.A. and B.A. Examinations) ...... 212 Number of Boys in High S c h o o l...... 2,897 “ Girls in High School ...... 96

Total number of Pupils in High Schools ...... 2,993 Number of Boys in Middle Schools ...... 1,068 “ Girls in Middle Schools ...... 837

Total number of Pupils in Middle Schools ...... 1,905 Number of Boys in Industrial Schools ...... 75 “ Girls in Industrial Schools ...... 157

Total number of Pupils in Industrial Schools ...... 232 Number of Boys in Primary Schools...... 5,710 “ Girls in Primary Schools ...... 1,251

Total number of Pupils in Primary Schools ...... 6,961 Total number of Pupils in all Schools ...... 12,315 Total number of Christian Pupils in all Schools...... 3,648 Number of Teachers, M en ...... 380 Women ...... 78

Total number of Indian Teachers ...... 45& Missionaries engaged chiefly in School Work, Men ...... 8 Women ...... 9 Short Term Teachers ...... 2

Total number of Missionaries in School W ork ...... 19 Total number of Teachers, American and Indian ...... 477 Total Expenditure on Schools ...... $74,942 Income from Fees ...... 17,701 “ “ Government Aid ...... 17,839 “ “ Industrial Earnings ...... 6,684 “ “ Special Gifts ...... 4,961

$47,185 Total paid from Mission Treasury towards Schools, 1914 $27,757 236 India— Statistical Summary.

VIII. MEDICAL WORK

Number of Hospitals ...... 4 Number of Beds ...... ; ...... 178 Number of In-patients ...... 1,626 Number of Operations, Major ...... 860 Number of Operations, Minor ...... 1,527

Total number of Operations ...... 2,387 Number of Dispensaries ...... 8 Number of Out-patients, New ...... 55,476 Number of Out-patients, Return Visits ...... 98,394

Total Attendance at Dispensaries ...... 153,870 Total Expenditure on Medical Work ...... $I3,357 Income from Fees ...... $1,315 “ “ Government Aid ...... 1,219 “ “ Special Gifts ...... 1,041

$3,575 Total paid from the Mission Treasury ...... 9,782

IX. ZENANA WORK

Number of Bible W omen ...... 36 Number of Zenana Visits ...... 6,429 Number of Hindu and Mohammedan Women under in struction ...... 1,277 Total Expenditure on Zenana W ork ...... $i,793 Income from Special Gifts and Sale of Books ...... 609

Total paid from the Mission Treasury ...... $1,184

X. READING ROOM AND BOOK WORK

Number of Reading Rooms ...... 8 Number of Colporteurs ...... 6 Number of Bibles and Portions sold ...... 12,231 Number of Other Books sold ...... 6,044 Total Expenditure on Book Work ...... $1,284 Income from Sales ...... $458 “ “ Special Gifts ...... 147

$605

Total paid from the Mission Treasury ...... $679

XI. BUILDINGS

Parsonages ...... 2 Total cost o f Building erected in 1914 ...... : ...... $76 India— Statistical Summary. 237

XII. FINANCIAL SUMMARY

Amount received from the Indian Church and People:— For Church Work ...... $5,425 For School Work ...... $17,701 For Industrial Earnings ...... 6,684

24,385 For Medical Work ...... 1,315 For Book Work ...... •...... 458

$31,583 V 238 India— Statistical Summary. India— Statistical Summary. 239

STATISTICAL SUMMARY BY DISTRICTS, INDIA, 1914.

Districts V Societies Work Enrolment Christian Boys Industrial Earnings Membership Membership in Sabbath Schools Enrolment Christian Girls Non-Christian Teachers Fees | Increase Increase by Profession Government Aid Missionaries | Membership Membership in Young People’s Christian Teachers Bible Bible Women Receipts from Book Sales Total Total Enrolment Schools Colporteurs Other Other Church Workers Sabbath Schools Young People’s Societies | | Membership Net Net Increase Infant Baptisms Adult Adult Baptisms Christian Community Total Total Indian Contributions to Church | | Reading Room | 1 1 | | Self-Supporting Congregations | | Indian Ordained Ministers | | Organized Congregations | | | Licentiates and Students of Theology Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Gujranwala . . . 18 7 2 19 10 4 3,489 688 489 628 626 6,506 2,233 8 438 2 55 42 2,588 346 297 40 54 8,371 19,873 10,413 7 55 Gurdaspur . . . 4 6 4 8 8 6 2,141 51 94 55 83 8,740 989 2 131 2 20 24 1,258 189 59 14 23 3,146 2,240 1 1 1 169 Jhelum . . . 4 1 10 1 60 2 1 3 86 563 5 800 1 25 5 785 14 4 7 18 2,721 2,087 6 72 Khangah Dogran 4 3 1 8 3 2 1,459 62 13 43 84 3,308 1,301 26 535 10 142 17 422 189 46 22 2 495 1,177 1 1 40 Lyallpur . . 4 4 2 7 3 1 2,161 87 101 87 87 3,361 1,184 1 25 1 8 8 355 115 11 7 3 39 584 1 . . . Pasrur . . . Ö 4 3 21 11 6 8,830 1,212 61 651 789 18,600 1,751 19 99B 4 143 29 1,816 381 185 31 15 134 180 3,535 1 4 1 . . . Pathankot . . . 7 J 1 10 1 321 22 20 2 6 653 522 1 85 2 74 9 364 26 76 15 5 4,002 2,558 1 1 1 80 Rawalpindi . . . 11 2 1 12 2 1 271 35 23 22 13 418 2,114 6 465 2 85 9 1,731 55 25 20 38 21,105 18,851 1 4 2 786 Sangla Hill . . 6 19 1 3,146 103 132 5 53 4,865 603 19 430 1 19 19 875 187 122 18 6 339 351 Sargodha . . . 6 10 4 13 9 7 3,928 95 *77 85 186 7,778 2,792 10 725 17 528 258 108 17 647 2 5 1 20 Sialkot . . . 11 8 7 26 8 3 4,268 223 *227 185 196 7,463 1,696 89 1,582 8 306 24 2,230 464 286 39 46 12,750 10,866 1 6 252 Zafarwal . . . 4 2 12 3 1 2,206 232 45 107 191 4,218 514 5 124 17 363 225 33 14 4 708 1 Synod’s Home Mission . . . 1 1 27 1 1 1 2 68 18

Grand Total . . . 78 43 25 166 60 31 32,307 2,813 676 1,871 2,819 61,064 16,275 141 5,838 38 827 220 12,315 2,899 1,249 244 214 53,102 20,053 63,517 8 36 6 1,374

14 th Annual Report

O F T H E

American United Presbyterian Mission

T H E SUDAN

FOR THE YEAR 1914

Sudan— Introduction. 243

INTRODUCTION.

BY REV. G. A. SOW ASH.

The year 1914 will be a marked year in history, for it com menced the greatest war of all time. The armies of the past thousand years combined would scarcely equal those in the field at the close of the year 1914. The Sudan has not experienced any of the horrors of war, although, being under the protection of Great Britain, it has become involved. Through the wise ad ministration of the British authorities there has been peace and quietness. This certainly reflects great credit upon those in au thority in this country. The Sudanese have acted most loyally. From all quarters of the Sudan come the most gratifying expres sions of devotion to the Government and readiness to do its bid ding. When one remembers that only seventeen years ago there existed in this land the most awful state of things imaginable, one can but marvel at the progress made. Fortunately, the Sudanese have had a most abundant crop of grain; this, follow ing a year of great scarcity, has caused much rejoicing. Had this year been similar to last, doubtless there would have been not only great distress, but serious disturbances all over the country. The Mission has suffered from a dearth of workers. Not for ten years have there been so few on the field. Dr. and Mrs. GiiTen went on a well deserved and much needed furlough. Mr. and Mrs. Guthrie were also on furlough. Early in the year Dr. Magill sent in his resignation to take effect in July. Still earlier the Mission was called upon to part with Mr. Tidrick, who was taken^aw'ay in A p ril; Miss M cIntyre was compelled to go home on account of a physical breakdown. For one reason or another almost one-half of the foreign workers were absent from the field, either for a part of the year or all of it. Those who other wise would have been back at work by September or October, were prevented by the war from returning. There was rejoicing during the latter part of the year to hear of the appointment of a new lady missionary, Miss Dight. 244 Sudan— Introduction.

All departments of the work have been maintained as usual, but the strain on some of the workers has been severe. It is good to note that no one, so far, has broken down under the burden of the work. Aside from the sad taking away of Mr. Tidrick, only one case of serious illness is to be recorded. Mona Sowash was called to pass through a very critical operation for appendicitis. For a period of ten days she was in a very serious condition, but recovered completely. The Synod of the Nile has been somewhat mòre liberal in sending workers to the Sudan than in previous years. By the close of the year there were on the field one ordained man and two unordained men, all of them among the very best men in the Synod. There is also a better spirit existing between the Synod and the Mission than appeared during the previous year. Another congregation in the Sudan, Atbara, has asked for an organization. This is an important center and with an organiza tion and a good settled pastor, it should soon become a flourish ing congregation. This year’s report especially emphasizes two things: The first is the great opportunity for preaching the gospel both in Northern and Southern Sudan ; the second is the need for more workers, especially medical men and ordained men. Notwith standing some heavy losses among the workers, and some dis couragements along other lines, the year has been, on the whole, a year of progress. The most notable advance has been made in the Sabbath schools. These have almost trebled their attend ance as compared with last year. With grateful hearts for all the goodness of our God during 1914, we face another year with renewed faith in Him who has said, “My word shall not return unto Me void but it shall ac complish that which I please, and it shall prosper in the thing whereto I sent it.” O m d u r m a n C h i l d r e n . A S u d a n e s e C r a d l e . Sudan— Evangelistic Work. 245

EVANGELISTIC WORK.

BY REV. G. A. SOWASH. It is a real pleasure to be able to report an advance over last year, although that, in most respects, was the record year for the Sudan. We have made distinct advances along all lines (except the financial), in both Northern and Southern Sudan. The ordinary contributions for the work are equal to tho; j of last year, but the improvements on the church at Khartum iast year called for special gifts, and this made the total a little larger than this year. The work has been maintained in the same number of places as last year, with a somewhat larger attendance, and, on the whole, a little better spirit was exhibited on the part of most of the members. The Khartum congregation has had the privilege of listening to two young men who have just recently finished their courses in the Seminary. Both of these have proven them selves workmen who need not be ashamed. It is a source of great rejoicing that the Evangelical Church of Egypt is turning out such able young preachers of the Word, some of whom are in deed mighty in the Scriptures. The first of these young men was Zaki Shanudah, whose father, the Rev. Shanudah Hanna, was the first. pupil in Dr. Hogg’s school in Assiut. Who at that time thought that Dr. Hogg, through the son of one of those boys in his little school, would fifty years later be preaching the gospel two thousand miles up the great river? Let no man despise the day of small things. In those days Assiut was the southern limit, later it was Luxor, then Assuan, then Wady Haifa, then Khartum, then Doleib Hill, now Nasser,— ever to the south, and yet there is much land to be possessed. These sixty years in Egypt, and fifteen years in the Sudan, have been largely years of sowing, ofttimes in tears, but with unfaltering faith in the promises that the reaping time would come. We believe that it is fast approach ing. Would that the Church might realize its opportunity. The second young man sent to the Khartum Church was Hanna Makar. He arrived in the Sudan very near the close of the year, but he has abundantly demonstrated his ability to preach the Gospel with power. It is hoped that the Church may make out a call for him soon, as he is one of the best young preachers in the Nile Valley, and is a good man, as well. The Khartum congregation has not yet fully recovered from its bitter disappointment over the refusal of the Rev. Ghubriel to become its pastor. The congregation is, however, holding its own, al 246 Sudan— Evangelistic Work.

though there is no marked progress. As a congregation the peo ple have not yet realized their mission to the Sudanese, although individuals have done so. Up to the present I know of not a single Sudanese who has been drawn into the congregation through the instrumentality of the Khartum Church. Whether a church established by Egyptians and primarily for Egyptians, will ever succeed in winning the Sudanese is a matter of deep concern. It is sad to note that there seems to be little inclination on the part of the Egyptian brethren, even sincerely to desire the presence of the Sudanese. At least the Sudanese do not attend the meetings. This should not be the case after nearly thirteen years of work in the city of Khartum. The attendance in tHe congregation at Omdurman has in creased considerably during the past year. This has been due, in large measure, to the presence of Abadir Effendi, who was brought up from Egypt as a language teacher for missionaries, but who in addition to this work has devoted a part of his time to this congregation- Having taken a full theological course some years ago, he is quite at home as a preacher and teacher of the Word. With the full time of a regular preacher, this congre gation would soon develop into a very large one. A new meet ing has been begun in another part of the city, and the attendance has been very encouraging. This city o f 65,000 or 75,000 souls affords a wide field for cultivation, and to the conscientious, faith ful worker we believe it would yield results. There are many now known as followers of the prophet, who were originally Christians, but who renounced their faith in order to save their lives during the times of the Mahdi and the Khalifa. Most of these desire to return to their former belief, but through fear, and the lack of any one to advise them, they are continuing in apostasy. There are also many Abyssinians who are Christians, at least in name, but who are in sore need of some one to teach them. We have encountered very little opposition either to our school work or to the church work. The congregation at Khartum North has made most notable progress, and this largely among the real Sudanese. The audi ences often number 180 and 200 at a Sabbath morning service. With a regular worker, or a settled pastor, this number could be doubled within a year. A good Bible woman would be of great service in opening up many of the homes, ‘and in bringing many into the Church. The field here seems rioe to the harvest, but the laborers, how few ! There are three ladies only, and every moment of their time is demanded by the ever increasing duties of the Girls’ Boarding School. The dearth of workers has never been more felt than at the present. To have worked so long and to have such bright prospects for an ingathering, and then not to have the laborers, is hard indeed. The work at Atbara has made some progress, and the peo ple seem anxious to effect an organization, and to call a pastor. Sudan— Evangelistic Work. 247

We trust that they may be divinely guided in their choice of an under-shepherd. An urgent request has been forwarded to Synod, now about to begin its sessions at Minieh, Egypt, for a preacher. We hope they may be able to send a good man to this field. There is no more promising field in the Sudan than Atbara. The people, especially the Copts, seem hungry to hear the Word. Little is this to be wondered at, seeing that they have been de pendent for spiritual enlightenment on the mutterings and mum blings of ignorant priests in a tongue long since dead and un known. Their need is second only to that of the Mohammedans themselves. There has been a splendid revival of interest at Haifa since the arrival of the Rev. Yaakub Masoud. He has frequently an audience of a hundred, whereas formerly there was scarcely one- fourth of that number. The accompanying appeal to Synod will make plain the need in the various parts of the Sudan.

APPEAL FOR WORKERS.

It was decided to make the following appeal for new mis sionaries : That three additional physicians be sent out, four ordained men and two women. The order of importance to be as follows: The first, a physician, to be sent to Doleib H ill; the second, an ordained man, for the Northern Sudan; the third, an ordained man, for the Southern Sudan; the fourth, a physi cian, for Khartum North; the fifth, an ordained man, for the Northern Sudan; the sixth, a physician, for the Northern and Southern Sudan, and the seventh, an ordained man, for the Southern Sudan. The third physician is asked for at present, in order to relieve the others during the times of vacation and fur lough. Dr. Lambie was asked to present the need for workers to the Association and he reported as follows: “We believe that our Church has a great and unappreciated field of labor in the utterly unoccupied valleys of the Zeraf and Sobat Rivers, especially on the head waters and tributary streams and adjacent districts. Here are literally hundreds of thousands of primitive heathen, who, without the United Presbyterian Church have no other means of finding the Way of Life Eternal. Not one of them can either read or write. All are living in sin, ignorance, and moral destitution. Other inhabitants of the world have teachers able to read, and can themselves read, and so come to hear and understand the Good Tidings, but these are without hope. There are no other missionaries, no Christian soldiers, merchants, or native' Christians as there are in other mission fields of the world. There are no civilizing influences whatever except that given by the Moslem traders, and that is much worse than none at all. In view of these facts, and in view also of the fact that the Government places no restrictions upon mission work in the Southern Sudan, we wish to go on record as believ 248 Sudan— Evangelistic Work.

ing that this is an unrivaled missionary opportunity which is placed before us. The numbers to be reached have been greatly underestimated, even by some of our own missionaries, and so the home church has been given a quite wrong impression, as to the density of the population. The Ntimbers Are Great. Hun dreds of thousands in one tribe alone. “Even were the numbers as small as represented, we hold that the field is an unrivaled one. Mere numbers do not tell the tale. There are other fields which have more in actual num bers, but not in actual need. These poor heathen have nothing to begin on, being naked savages, 6,000 years behind the times. Added to this, there are vast stretches of unexplored, but reputed populous districts in Abyssinia to be reached,— Abyssinia with its unknown millions. “There are at least three other places on the Sobat River where there ought to be mission stations, and as many on the Zeraf. How much longer will these black tribes have to wait,— these that are so sunk in sin and in such need of a Savior? Can we disregard them and be blameless ?” As to Medical Missionaries: Every year seems to lessen the number of workers, but not the work to be done. Doleib Hill has been without a physician for five years. Khartum North is now' left unoccupied by the withdrawal of Dr. Magill. Dr. Lambie’s furlough comes -in 1916. Something must be done. The work to be accomplished is so immense. The suffering is so great among these poor Sudanese. It is hard to think of words adequate to express the situation. We have prayed, and we have talked, and written, and urged, but nothing has been accom plished! Is it because no one realizes the situation? We feel that, in disregarding this loud call for workers, some one must be to blame. WThether it is the church members or the Christian physician we cannot say. In the Northern Sudan two ordained men are urgently needed to carry on the work that ought to be done. The Arabic speaking part of the Sudan is a vast region comprising more than one-half of the entire Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. We have but three ordained men in this region able to do the work in the Arabic, and now since Mr. Smith is to be located in the Southern part of the field, we have only two. Considering the time re quired to fit a new man for full work in Arabic, we ought to have at least two more ordained men at once if the work as at pres ent carried on is to be continued, allowing, of course, for the natural increase in the work in that length of time. There are at least three other stations which ought to be occupied at the present moment if we are to hold the field. With reference to additional workers for the Women’s Board, we hereby urge this Board to send out two additional lady missionaries for the Girls’ Boarding School, and, in addi tion, two for work among the women of Khartum North, Khar- Sudan— Evangelistic Work. 249 turn, and Omdurman, one of these to be a district nurse and the other to have charge of school work in the adjacent villages. While we have reason to thank the Lord for the progress made in the Northern Sudan, we have greater reason to praise His name for that in the South. We cannot refer to Doleib Hill without recalling the sad death of our fellow-worker, Ralph W. Tidrick. But as though, in some measure, to compensate for the taking away of our brother, God has since his death been work ing mightily upon the hearts of some of the Shullas. Through faithful preaching and consecrated effort, quite a number have become inquirers during the year, while three or four have pro fessed before their own people belief in Christ. For this the missionaries take not the glory, but give it all to Him who order- eth the hearts of men, and changeth whom He will. Your mes sengers have only been voices crying in the wilderness. The Lord is blessing His own message. We would not forget the noble work done so self-sacrificingly by the first missionaries in laying a good foundation,— Dr. and Mrs. Giffen, Dr. and Mrs. McLaughlin, and later Mr. and Mrs. Tidrick, of whom two have been called to their reward. Others have labored and we are entering into their labors. The Rev. Mr. Oyler writes as follows: “The workers have been few, and the oversight of work in other departments has taken up much of the time of the evan gelistic workers. Never since I have been on the field has the work been in such an encouraging condition. “February and March were spent on an evangelistic trip with Dr. and Mfs. Lambie. The motive power of our boat was wind, and progress was slow. While in the Shulla country the opportunity to speak to the people was improved, and the audi ences aggregated 594. The other missionaries have been there occasionally, but this was my first trip in this region. The popu lation was larger than I had expected. The people were friendly, and were very ready to listen. Many of the people knew us, and greeted us very warmly. One man who had been a patient at Doleib Hill was very glad to see us. “Beyond the Shulla country we found a large Dinka popu lation, and among them no missionary work is being done. Far ther up the Sobat we came to the Anuaks. No work is being carried on among them. The Anuak population on the Sobat is small, though near the Abyssinian border they are very numer ous. We came next to the Nuers. The work of the new station at Nasser is among the Nuers, and that work gives promise of great success in the future. “A special memorial service was held for Mr. Tidrick, and very many of the natives came. Our little church could not ac commodate them, and the service was held under the trees. It gave a good opportunity to present the hope and consolation of the Gospel in time of affliction. 250 Sudan— Evangelistic Work.

“Considerable time has been devoted to language work, espe cially to the revision of the Gospel of John. Twelve Psalms have now been set to music, and the people seem to enjoy them. “The last Sabbath service before starting to America on furlough was memorable. The audience numbered forty-one, and at the close of the service they were asked if they believed. A boy about 14 years of age, named Abunn, said that he believed. He was asked if he knew what such a confession meant, that is, that he would have to give up the religion of his people, and he said that he had already given it up. He has always been a mis chievous boy, and is hot tempered and impulsive. Then Deng, a young man, said that he believed. He was also willing to say in the presence of the other people that he would forsake the re ligion of his people. After this Ding, who is considered one of their best young men, made the same confession. All three of them gave straightforward answers to the questions. The fact that they were willing to profess in the presence of a native audi ence to lay aside their old beliefs, marks a long step in advance. Abunn and Ding are cousins of Nyidok, who was baptized last year. The three came in for prayers on Sabbath night, and they brought three others with them. One young man named Bol, who is a cousin of Ding, said that he had been attending church regularly, and that he was detained that day, but that he wanted to confess his belief in Christ. “Four or five other men who are under conviction were not present. Mohammed, who worked for the Mission for a num ber of years, was always a bigoted Moslem. He said that he now believed. He was dismissed over a year ago from mission service. He confessed that he had always denied Christianity. He told what had influenced him to change. He said that he was sick a long time last year, and that when Dr. Lambie went up the Sobat he stopped at his village and gave him some medicine, and also gave him two cranes which he had shot. Then during the scarcity of food last year, he and his family were suffering from hunger. He went to the Moslem traders to try to borrow some money to buy food. They refused to let him have anything. He then came to the Mission and got enough help to buy food. “Akokwin calls himself a Christian, but he is afraid to con fess openly because his wife is a Moslem, and he is afraid that she will leave him. Others are deeply touched. “Nyidok has been a great comfort to the missionaries. He seems sincere, and it is gratifying that so many of his relatives are being touched. Abbass, Nyidok and Akokwin took care of the compound for three months during the absence of .the mis sionaries, and they performed their work well, and were faith ful in discharging their duties. “The young men who are touched, and are seeking Christ will have many temptations from which we are free. They need our sympathy and love, but above all they need our prayers. We Sudan— Evangelistic Work. 251

should thank God that they have the courage to say before their own people that they have laid aside their old beliefs.” The work at Nasser Station has been very encouraging. Dr. and Mrs. Lambie are most enthusiastic over it. There seems to be a response quite beyond expectation. There is great reason to rejoice in all that the Lord has done. Oh, that we had more men and money to open other stations among this needy people! Members of our beloved Church, now is your opportunity! May the Lord not be saying to you, as Deborah said to Barak: “Up, for this is the day— is not Jehovah gone out before thee?” Let us enter in and possess these lands of the Shulla, and the Dinka, and the Nuers, and the Anuak, in the name of our God. Mighty men of valor they are. Valiant warriors for Jesus Christ will they make when they come to know Him. As we look forward by faith into the future, we can see the gathering of that innum erable multitude from the four corners of the earth, and among them we see a great host coming up from the South, no longer with spear and shield,* but in their hands the banner of the cross. No longer their heads with ashes and feathers bedecked, but on their brows the Crown of Life. No longer do we hear the song of slaughter and the dance, but their voices blend harmoniously with those from the North, and the East, and the West, in that triumphant song of the redeemed: “Blessing, and glory, and wisdom, and thanksgiving, and honor, and power, and might, be unto our God for ever and ever.” Is it not worth while to enter into this joy even now?

STATISTICAL SUMMARY. EVANGELISTIC WORK. Number of places where services were held...... 12 Number of organized congregations ...... 1 Number of native ( Egyptian J preachers—un ordained ...... 3 Number of church members, men ...... 119 Number of church members, women ...... 81 200 Number of church members last year ...... 178

Increase in membership ...... 22=13% Sabbath morning attendance, men ...... 264 Sabbath morning attendance, women ...... 223

487 Sabbath morning attendance last year ...... 447

Increase in attendance ...... 40= 9% Average number of hearers in the Southern Sudan 34 Average number of hearers daily at workingmen’s meetings 40 74 Average number of hearers last year ...... 62

Increase in the number of hearers ...... 12=20% Occasional hearers in villages during the year ...... 694 Total contributions for church purposes ...... $1781.88 Total contributions for church purposes last year ...... 2332.06

Decrease in contributions ...... $550.18 252 Sudan— Evangelistic Work. SABBATH SCHOOLS.

BY M ISS F . G. BRADFORD.

We sometimes feel that the Sudan Mission has been unjustly compared with that of India and Egypt. There is danger of for getting that missionary effort in these fields began about one hun dred years ago, and that our own church has been doing mission ary work for sixty years, while it is only fourteen years since work was begun in the Southern Sudan and twelve years since the first missionary was located in Khartum. Even when our mission aries entered India and Egypt, conditions were most primitive and the people were simple-hearted. Advanced conditions of civilization are found in the Sudan. There are people who know not the first principles of cleanliness, living in houses having elec tric lights and city water. Instead of walking, many of the poor people use tramcars, and some people care far more for “Frangy” (European) clothing than for nourishing food. Boys enter well- equipped Government schools from two-roomed huts, whose only furniture is a native bed, a box for clothing and a few cook ing utensils. Instead of beginning at the foundation and work ing up, one feels that he must begin at a flimsy cupola and climb down to the earth. Nothing but praise can be given to the British for the mar velous changes wrought in the Sudan,— for ideal sanitary condi tions, for the safety of life and property, and yet at times one wishes that things were just a little simpler. During the summer months, excursion cars are run hourly on Sabbath afternoons to a charming little park on the river, where there are swings, toy railways and other amusements, especially for the children, and where there are drinks, both soft and intoxicating, as well as ice cream for the grown folk. When the Government offices, superintended by Christian officials, are kept open all the day, it is difficult to get our Egyp tian Christians and Sudanese adherents to “Remember the Sab bath Day to keep it holy.” To some a romp on the green grass fanned by cool river breezes is far more attractive than a Bible lesson in a close room. In spite of heat, counter attractions and a dearth of conse crated teachers, the Sabbath school attendance has almost trebled during the past year. Aside from the statistics, the reports re ceived from the various towns were very meager. Some of the schools are divided into classes, in others there is but one large class and the lesson is delivered by the pastor in the form of a sermon. In one school visited the men and women sat listening to a most helpful talk, while their children were having a hilari ous time in the street, stopping their play only long enough to come in and get a piece of candy from their mothers, or to come screaming if one got the advantage of another in a game or a Sudan— Evangelistic Work. 253 fight. Many of the children are not in Mission Schools and one grieves to think how little of the Word of Life they are learning. The church members in Khartum are widely scattered, so there are three Sabbath schools, one in the church, one in the Boys’ Home, and one in a home in the east part of town. Women attend the neighborhood Sabbath school who never go to church, and since the Superintendent was given some cards sent out by our small friends in America, the attendance of boys and girls has increased. The Rev. Tubia, at Port Sudan, reports a .good Sabbath school. Men, women and children memorize the. Golden Texts. The unused lesson leaflets are distributed among Moslems and Copts, who receive them willingly. Two Coptic women have been helped to a more earnest Christian life through the work of the school. The workers at Wady Haifa have been greatly encouraged by the coming of a pastor and the Sabbath school is growing, though we have nothing definite to report. The efficient superintendent of the Khartum North school was transferred to Atbara. There seemed no one capable of tak ing his place, but in September one of the most faithful mem bers "of the Khartum Church moved to Khartum North and he not only superintends the Sabbath school, but teaches the Men’s Bible Class as well. Seventy different women, about half of them Sudanese, were in Sabbath school during the year. Miss Grove has a class for the Sudanese, but the work goes slowly. The women say, “ Teach us only a little at a time, for our heads ,are hard and we cannot learn like the girls.” For a part of the year a number of men came an hour before Sabbath school in the afternoon in order to practice the Psalms. A good chapel organ has greatly improved the singing, and one of our Syrian teachers is a most efficient organist. Though marked improvement is seen in the work of all the Sabbath schools during the past year, the work is still in the beginning stages. We need more missionaries to oversee and encourage the work, we need consecrated teachers trained in the Word of Truth, we need intercessors, we need faith for the time of seed sowing and we need strength and courage for garner ing the harvest. Forgetting the successes and failures of the past, assured that the work is the Lord’s and that He will bless it, we press forward with higher ideals and more earnest pur pose to the work of the days that are to come. 254

No. of Schools Doleib H ill ill H Doleib m u t r a h K n w o t Atbara hru Khartum ot n a d u S Port n a m r u d m O hru Nrh . . . . North Khartum Station Atbara af . Haifa Name ua—Eaglsi Work W Evangelistic Sudan— ...... UA REPORT SUDAN ...... 6254 26 15 5 4 1 1 1 8 2 7 1 No. of Teachers 95 36 60 15 18 14 12 Attendance Men 168 10 30 70 12 18 7 25 9 7 Women 297 . 60 45 71 10 74 5 3 3 6 Boys 243 168 '5 T! 558 25 09 561 15 11 10 10 32 4 5 110. 967 349 181 3 'S 30 52 84 Sudan— Educational I Vork. 255

EDUCATIONAL WORK.

B Y M IS S ELSIE E. GROVE.

Another year of our educational work has gone and we feel that it has been greatly blessed by our Master. By compar ing with last year’s report, and I think there is something stimu lating in comparisons, you will find an increase of almost 200 pupils in our schools. Another encouraging feature is the open ing of a girls’ school in Port Sudan. During the year the Rev. Tubia, a good, wide-awake pastor, was appointed to work in this field, and since taking up his work has been instrumental in opening a girls’ school, which we trust will be a great blessing to Port Sudan. Another encouragement is the fact that there has not been so much opposition to Christian teaching during the year. This may be due in part to the removal by the Government of some who were leaders in such opposition. Yet another reason for encouragement is that during the year a new Minister of Edu cation has been appointed for the Sudan and has taken up the work. As he is a Christian gentleman and a very energetic man, we feel that there are better things in store for educational work. But we have not been free from discouragements, and, though we hesitate to mention them, we feel that the Church should know at least something of them. We have been compell ed for lack of room and teachers to turn away many boys and girls from our school. If you think that is a small matter, let some of you who are parents imagine if you can your own child, or children, turned out of school for lack of room, with absolutely no opportunity to acquire an education, and what is far more important, no opportunity to learn the Way of Life. Would you call it a little matter? Are not their souls just as precious in the sight of our Master as those of the more favored white children? Our school equipment is far from what it should be. V ery few of you would allow your children to remain in rooms such as some of ours are. By looking at our statistics and doing a little figuring you will find that the average number of pupils per teacher is 55, en tirely too many in this climate. Nor are our teachers all College or Normal graduates. Then when vou take into account the fact that our Mission force is not sufficient to supervise properly the work in these schools, a missionary not being in some of them more than once or twice a year, you will realize how badly in need of your prayers and assistance we really are. 256 Sudan— Educational Work.

DOLEIB HILL.

Heretofore we have not included Doleib Hill in our report, as it has had no definitely organized school, but we feel that the educational work in the Southern Sudan is very important. If all of the tribes in the broad region known as the Southern Sudan are to hear the Gospel and learn the Way of Life, it will be necessary that some of their own people be able to go out and help reach them and teach them, and in order to become effective helpers, it will be necessary for them to have some education. Concerning the work Mr. Oyler writes as follows: “For the greater part of the year only one missionary fam ily was at the Hill. The work has been so heavy that very little time could be devoted to school work, and since the time was very limited, it was felt best that the work be limited to those who were deeply touched by religion. Nyidok has been baptized, and Akokwin has declared his belief in Christ, though he has not had the courage to make an open confession. The school work was confined to these two. They would come in for a lesson each day, and Nyidok is now able to read very simple sentences in his own language, though it still takes him consid erable time to pick out the words. Akokwin has not made as good progress, and, while he is able to spell the words, he has difficulty in getting the syllables put together. We feel that in sufficient time has been put on the school work, and it is not because its value is not appreciated, but because we have not had the time.” BOYS' SCHOOLS.

We are glad to report an increased number of pupils in our Boys’ Schools, most of the rooms being crowded. By compar ing this year’s statistics with last year’s, you will notice that we have one teacher fewer this year than last with one hundred more boys to teach. Do you consider this a move in the right direction ? Our Atbara teacher deserves commendation. He went to this town in the spring, after most of the boys in our school had gone to a school which was running in opposition to ours. He began work there with seven or eight boys, and, by faithful work under trying circumstances, has been able to bring the number up to more than twenty pupils. A few of these are girls, as it is too far for these to go to the Church Missionary Society Girls’ School. At the same time, during a part of the year, he has had to do the preaching in the church services. Of the Khartum School Mrs. Smith says: “The-day school has increased considerably this year, the daily attendance now is about no. We have only two teachers and they have a hard task, as the work is from the primary to what would perhaps be equivalent to the seventh or eighth grade at home. We should have a third teacher.” Sudan— Educational Work. 257

Our teacher in Khartum North has been able to get more boys to our preaching service than any of his predecessors, though his work in the school room has not been so commendable. The Omdurman School is doing well, and we feel that under more favorable circumstances the number of pupils could be doubled or even trebled in spite of the fact that there is a well equipped Government School very close by. THE BOYS’ HOME, KHARTUM.

Free boarders ...... 35 Paying boarders ...... 11 46 Protestant Christians ...... 2 Copts (Abyssinian) ...... 2 Moslems ...... 37 Jew ...... 1 Greek Orthodox ...... 2 Syrian Catholic ...... 2 46 Boarding fees ...... $120.82

Concerning the Boys’ Home, Mrs. Smith reports as fol lows : “The Boys’ Home this year has been crowded all the time with from thirty to thirty-five boys; not the same thirty-five all the year though, as some ten or twelve have gone during the year, and others have come to fill their places. Many more would like to come but we cannot take them. We do need your pray ers for these boys. Pray that they may become indeed follow ers of Christ, and especially pray for the two or three older ones who are leaders and whose attitude toward Christ and the Gospel has so much effect on the younger ones. With a few ex ceptions they are doing well in their school work. Many of them have bright, quick minds. The other day I said to one of them: ‘You like to work now, and you do your work nicely, but when you first came you were lazy.’ He was indeed a discouraging case at first, but now is one of the best behaved of our boys. The boys who respond thus and appreciate what they receive are such a pleasure, for, of course, we have the other sort, too. “Of the boys in the Home now, only one is from a Chris tian home, the others from Moslem homes. About half of them are black boys, the others, Arab, Abyssinian, Berberi or Egyp tian. I have longed so many times this year for a farm for our boys. There is not nearly enough work here to keep thirty or thirty-five boys employed out of school hours. But present employment is one of the lesser advantages that such a farm would give us. What might it not mean to our boys later in life if they could become proficient in some work that would make them independent. I am sure that it would solve most of the Home problems. May the day not be far away when our Boys’ Home may also be the Boys’ Farm.” 258 Sudan— Educational Work.

HALFA GIRLS’ SCHOOL.

Number of teachers ...... 1 Number of girls ...... 57 Number of boys ...... 18 75 Protestant Christians ...... 8 Copts ...... 27 Moslems ...... 26 Greek Orthodox ...... 8 Catholics ...... 6 75 Egyptian ...... 52 Syrian ...... 1 1 Sudanése ...... 7 Greek ...... 5 75 Amount of fees received ...... $289.95

This school continues much as it was last year with one teacher, assisted by one of her pupils. They continue to dò con siderable work, though in the same, small, unsanitary room with the same poor equipment, but with an increased number of pupils. Would that we could do more for this school.

THE GIRLS’ BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL, KHARTUM NORTH.

Total number of boarders enrolled ...... 77 •Total number of day pupils ...... ' . 125

Total ...... 202 Free boarders ...... 54 Paying boarders ...... 23 Free day pupils ...... 16 Paying day pupils ...... 109

Total ...... 202 Religions— Protestant Christians ...... 17 Copts ...... 55 Moslems ...... ,...... 113 Others ...... 17

Total ...... : ...... 202 Nationalities— Sudanese ...... 85 Egyptians ...... 102 Syrians ...... 10 Abyssinians ...... 4 . European ...... 1

Total ...... 202 Amount of tuitions received ...... $257.00 Amount o f boarding fees ...... 316.00 Sudan— Educational Work. 259 This year for the first time in the history of the school the boarding department was closed during the summer vacation, or from the first of July until near the latter part of September. In some respects this was an advantage, as both children and parents appreciated to a greater extent the value of the school. Some par ents were quite tired of their children in the home and were glad to get rid of them again. But we lost three or four girls by it. One, a little Sudanese girl, Fatma Abdul Azeez, had been in the school since its beginning and did not return. Upon making inquiry we found that she and her mother had gone away; as yet we have not been able to find any trace of her, but we are still hoping that she will return. Another girl and her mother were both drowned in the river, and the mother of another of our girls was also drown ed and we have not been able to get the girl again. As in previous years, so this year, more than half of the girls are Moslems, and some of these girls, not being allowed to take their Bibles to their homes, often remain for a time after school that they may study their Bible lesson; and many of them during the Bible lesson seem more anxious to answer than the other girls. “The entrance of Thy Word giveth light.” May the time soon come when that light shall indeed lighten this dark continent. Again we have had to turn man)' girls away for want of room and it does not become any easier to do so as time goes on. These people can not understand it when we tell them we have no room for their children. One father sent his two little girls. As the older one knew a little, having been in school before and could enter the second room, we accepted her, but there was no room for the smaller girl, so we had to send her home; the next morning the father came to beg us to take her in. We told him the first room was already too full, being a small room with single desks, to accommodate twenty-four, and there were twice -that number in it, and if his girl came she would have to sit on the floor. Being an effendi he, of course, was not satisfied that it should be thus, but finally he was willing that she should sit on the floor or anywhere just so we would take her. We finally had to refuse, as there were already too many in the room, and too many for one teacher. During the year twenty-eight of the girls memorized all of the 119th Psalm, for which they received New Testaments as prizes. Let us hope that this, as well as many other portions of His Word, have indeed been hid in their hearts and let us prav that this Word may be a lamp unto their feet and a light unto their path. Since memorizing this Psalm about fifteen of the girls have been memorizing the Shorter Catechism, but had not quite completed it by the end of the year. Some few have also completed Brown’s Catechism. This year a number of the older boarding girls have been taught to wash and are helping with the washings of our big 2ÔO Sudan— Educational Work.

The last Women’s Missionary Magazine of the year brought as the good news that a number of the good women of the church had made and were sending out over two hundred ready-made garments for the girls. We are very grateful to all who had any part in this, as we were badly in need of such garments. Miss McIntyre’s enforced absence has been a loss to our work, but we are glad to hear of her improved condition and trust that she will soon return. Miss Dight’s appointment brought us much joy, though she was not permitted to come to the field at the beginning of this year because of conditions caused by the war. During the year one girl united with the church. Preaching services were held in the “Rose Harden Chapel” forty Sabbaths during the year with an average attendance of one hundred and thirty-three persons per Sabbath. These ser vices were conducted by Rev. G. A. Sowash, teachers of the boys’ schools, language teachers of the missionaries, and government employees. We are glad to note that the Sudanese men and women are coming in greater numbers to these services, and we have great hopes for the future, for we are resting on the prom ise, “My Word shall not return unto Me void.”

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of schools for boys ...... 4 Number of schools for girls ...... 3 7 Number of teachers in boys’ schools ...... 6 Number of teachers in girls’ schools ...... 7 — 13 Number of pupils enrolled— Boys.*...... 442 Girls ...... 283 725 Religions— Protestants ...... 46 Copts ...... 271 Moslems ...... 344 ' Others ...... 64 725 Amount of fees for instruction and boarding ...... $1,505-35 D r . L a m b i e in F r o n t o f H is D i s p e n s a r y a t N a s s e r , o n t h e S o b a t R i v e r , E g y p t i a n S u d a n . Sudan— Book Department. 261

BOOK DEPARTMENT. KHARTUM.

BY REV. P. J. SMITH.

If you compare the statistics of this year and those of last, you will see that almost twice as many portions of scriptures have been sold. Also the sale of educational and religious books and of stationery has almost doubled. Let us not forget to offer thanks to God for this and take courage. This advance has come without much effort on the part of the missionary and only shows what the possibilities are if some one could devote more time to this work. Also let us continue our prayers, as this is certainly one important way of evangelizing the Sudan. We can often give the message of eternal life through the printed page where we can not by the spoken word. Frequently as someone reads, the voice of God speaks to his heart. Especially is this true at this time, when Mohammedan governments are crumbling so fast. They are asking, “What does this mean?” As they look for light, perchance God will cause His printed Word to shine into their hearts.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of scriptures sold from shop ...... 256 Number of scriptures sold by Colporteurs 544

Total ...... 800 The value of scriptures sold from shop ----- *642.08 The value of scriptures sold by Colporteurs 123-35 Total value of books and stationery sold $398.83 2Ó2 Sudan— Medical Work.

MEDICAL WORK.

B Y DR. T . A . L A M B IE .

We have, or are supposed to have, three medical centers in the Sudan. As a matter of fact, there have been only a very few months in the last seven years when we have had three doctors at one time. Generally, as at the present time, there has been only one doctor at work. Merely to carry on the work at the three stations, it is necessary that we have four doctors, one at each of the stations and one to supply during furlough times and during the annual holidays, which is so necessary to those at work in the very trying climate of the Sudan. The writer is unable to give definite statistics of the medical work throughout the year at the three other centers, but will try to give a report of the work in so far as he has participated in it. Dr. Magill until the present year had lived in Khartum and gone to Khartum North every day for his daily clinic. This took much time, and the patients who did not come at the exact time of his visit to Khartum North failed to meet him. This fact made the work much more difficult. Dr. Magill decided to move to the clinic building in Khartum North. He added a kitchen and bath-room to the four-room dispensary building, and in the early part of 1914 moved to Khartum North. The pa tients appreciated the change, and the numbers in attendance at the daily clinics greatly increased, averaging over thirty persons each day. Khartum North is not a beautiful place. It is built on the desert and there is absolutely not a blade of grass anywhere ex cepting in a few gardens. Everything is so dry that even weeds do not grow. Dr. Magill has an eye for the beautiful, and in the large walled enclosure he planted dozens of fruit trees, which already have quite transformed the appearance of the place. Oleanders and other flowers contribute to make it, with one or two exceptions, the finest garden in the City of Khartum North. So that in very fact the desert blossoms as the rose. Dr. Ma gill, after getting the work started, has left us, and no one has come to take his place. I was there to-day for a few minutes, long enough for an old black Sudanese woman to see me and hasten in to get relief from a boil on her neck. There is the com fortable house and beautiful garden (which the mission has kept up). There is the dispensary building in the rear, with its glass show cases and rows of well-filled bottles of medicines. There are well stored shelves of absorbent cotton and bandages. Sudan— Medical Work. 263

There is the microscope safe in its dust-covered case and the instruments in their places, all lying idle and useless because some one in America is not willing to come out and be the only Euro pean doctor in this African city of some 30,000 souls. Disease is not idle there, neither is the devil, as you may be sure. In January of 1914 the writer and his family, with a Mr. and Mrs. Parks, of Toronto, Canada, left Khartum en route for Nasser, on our mission house boat, the Evangel. We were towed by a large sail boat. We wished to do some itinerating by the way, and so every day when we stopped, we went ashore and tried to talk a little to the people. Sometimes we could only give a few Sabbath school cards or a Bible portion, while at one place we sold fourteen separate gospels for a few cents each. This was, of course, at Arabic-speaking places on the White Nile. At some places we treated a few sick, but we did not try to induce large numbers to come in for we were in a hurry to get on before the river got too low. On Sabbath days we stopped, and gather ing a little group under a thorn tree, would tell them about Jesus. None of us were Arabic students, so it was a faltering witness, but the Arabic tribes on the White Nile are so poor and simple that they would never understand a learned discourse. After seventeen days we reached Doleib Hill, where we found Rev. and Mrs. Oyler. and Mr. Tidrick, who had just re turned from the Zeraf River, where he had killed two large ele phants. Doleib Hill had a doctor five years ago, but something went wrong. Perhaps it was the doctor himself, and since that time, although the missionaries have written and prayed and prayed and written, save for a few flying visits, no doctor has come. The writer always endeavors when passing, to stop for a few days, but this counts for nothing. Rev. Oyler and Mr. Tidrick have done practically all of the work, and this added to their other duties, has been rather burdensome. Now that Mr. Tidrick has crossed over to that land where sickness and pain are not, Rev. Oyler has been compelled to care for the Shilluks who came to him for relief. Writing of his work, Mr. Oyler says: “The station has been without a regular doctor. However, Dr. Lambie has been able to stop a few times on his way to and from Nasser. The few days that he has been able to give to the work at the Hill have been a great help. “The medical work has been carried on by the other mission aries, and something is done to alleviate the sufferings of the peo ple. The need is great, and the opportunities presented to a physician are many. When the missionary returned, after three months’ absence, the people were there waiting for treatment. The majority were from near-by villages, but one man, a Nuer, had come more than a hundred miles. One man said, ‘We were told that you were absent, but we said that we would await the return of a missionary.’ They were poor and miserable, and most 264 Sudan— Medical Work. of the diseases were loathsome. If ten people will wait three months to obtain treatment from a man who has not had a medi cal training, certainly a physician might expect to build up a great work. “Mr. Tidrick was in charge of the medical work for two months, and did all he could for the suffering. It is due to the work of Mr. Tidrick more than to any one else that the medical work has been maintained. He saw the need, and he realized the great possibilities.” Records of the medical work were not kept during the whole year, but during five months the patients were counted. In the 128 days, 3009 patients came for treatment. Some could be helped by an untrained man, but others were of such a nature that nothing could be done for them. Conversations among the patients have been overheard in which they said that had it not been for the treatment received at the mission they would have died. Prayer is held with the patients every day. They usually come to Mr. Oyler because of blood diseases, which are very prevalent, and for malaria. For these conditions there are specific remedies, and the Lord has greatly blessed the missionaries in the use of these so that some marvelous cures have been performed. Obscure ailments the missionaries are unable to treat, and the Shilluks, recognizing the nature of their sick nesses, come only for the relief of those which their experience has taught them the missionary is able to treat successfully. At Doleib Hill there is a fine two-story building of cement block for the care of the sick. With the exception of one room, it has not been used, simply because there is no doctor. There are a dozen native huts which are nearly always occupied by Shil luks who attended Rev. Oyler’s daily clinics. Were a doctor there regularly, probably two or three dozen more huts would have to be built and the hospital would be full. There is also a comfortable brick house, all ready for the doctor’s occupancy, and still the doctor does not come. Surely he is needed. I do not wish to judge anyone, but the verse that comes to me as I write is, “Demas hath forsaken me having loved this present world.” How the millions are volunteering to fight in Europe! For a cor ruptible crown, for a world that passeth away. How the church people in America are refusing to accept their whole responsibil ity in Africa and Asia for an incorruptible crown, for an inherit ance that fadeth not away, for these for whom Christ died. You who read this report, do not be a Demas. Being a Luke may take you to a Roman prison or a Ypres battlefield or to a Doleib Hill which in some ways is the two combined, but it ought nqver to take you to the mere making of dollars. Here is an almost un rivaled opportunity for a missionary doctor, for a real man among men. Sudan— Medical Work. 26 5

With a bit of a sigh for neglected opportunities, we will leave Doleib Hill as we did in February, 1913, and go on our way up the Sobat to Nasser. The Sobat might have been the river “Meander” of the an cient Greeks which has given us that expressive name, meaning to wander aimlessly about. It winds and turns and twists upon itself so that a sail boat can never sail for more than a few miles before reaching a bend that makes the sail flap aimlessly to and fro, and then the sailors must all go ashore and laboriously tow and tug the boat up stream. Rev. and Mrs. Oyler accompanied us and were able to preach to many Shilluks while we were pass ing through the Shilluk country. The many adverse winds and the low water greatly delayed us. The Sobat was lower than for many years and the sailors were almost compelled to lift the boats over sand bars. When, after twenty-eight days we reached Nasser, we were very glad to be able to leave the cramped quar ters on the Evangel and to go ashore to our little mud brick house, which three months before, sickness had compelled us to leave. Abbas had put up a dispensary of poles and cornstalks, but there was much work to be done besides treating the sick. In deed, when the physician has to do pioneering work, the medical work must for the time take secondary place; it is not like Doleib Hill or Khartum, where each department is specialized. It is more or less of a struggle with nature to wrest from her a place in which to live. One cannot rent a house at Nasser. Even if one could, there are none in which we could live— none having a window or a door more than two or three feet high. Also one cannot hire a builder to build one. The only way is to take hold of a trowel, hammer and saw, and make one. The'house built would not bear inspection of an American mechanic, but after all it fills the need, which is the chief thing. Among the many duties pressing on one, there are three which, although they seem less imperative, are in reality most important. They are in the order of their importance as follows: 1. The duty of development of one’s own life in Christ. 2. The duty of learning the language as soon as possible. 3. The duty of loving the people and showing it by your deeds; for me, that means treating their bodies and praying for their souls. I was very much touched one morning while treating an espe cially disagreeable case to overhear one of the Nuers say to a relative of the sufferer, who was sitting watching me, “My brother do you know why the foreigner does it for us, it’s be cause of a man called Jesee, the son of God.” Yes, I thought, you poor black Nuer— it is, it’s all because of Jesus, and thank God I believe that that Nuer, whose words I overheard, is setting his face towards Jesee and wants to belong to Him. 266 Sudan— Medical Work.

Some who have seen the Nuers consider them as mere beasts and that efforts to uplift them would be hopeless. To refute this and to show that they are capable of natural affections, I would relate the following: Two Nuer brothers came to me from a long distance. The younger man had triachiasis, which meant that all his eye-lashes were turned m onto the eye-balls. His brother was quite a fierce looking Nuer brave who seemed quite capable of anything. I had started on the operation and had just made an incision in the eyelid when I looked around at my warlike friend seated on the floor close by; but alas! his demeanor had quite changed and the tears were chasing each other down his ashy cheeks and splashing to the ground and all because his poor brother was hav ing to be hurt. They are worth saving. We need more men. The greatest natural obstacle to our work on the Sobat is distance and the lack of means of conveyance. It is hoped that by the time this report is printed that the steamboat which we so desperately need will be almost a reality and then we can reach thousands of Nuers who are now absolutely without the slightest knowledge of their Saviour. Little known rivers and unexplored areas contiguous to them are peopled with thousands and hundreds of thousands of black, naked savages, whose tribal names we have heard, but whose faces we have never seen. The steamboat will be the means of opening up these absolutely virgin fields to the gospel and to the civilization of the twentieth century. Is it worth while? You must-judge. For me, had I twenty lives, I think Africa should have them. Yes, looking at it as some- in America do, it does look hopeless, a waste of men and money that might be used to far better advantage in America, apparently. Results out here no one ever sees, and no ones cares about changes in the hearts of black Nuers. No, stop a minute. God cares, and He died for the Nuers as well as for you. Re member too— the things that are seen are temporal, but the things that are not seen are eternal. - Sudan— Medical Work. 267

STATISTICAL SUMMARIES.

KHARTUM NORTH.

Total clinic patients for 1914 ...... 3740 Male ...... 1861 Female ...... 1879

Total ...... 3740 Christian ...... 601 Moslem ...... 3079 Jew ...... *...... 60

T o t a l...... 3740 Clinic open, days ...... 178 Average per d ay ...... 20.8

DOLEIB HILL.

Number of doctors ...... o Number of treatments ...... 4000

NASSER.

Number of treatments ...... 2000 Number of operations ...... 30 Religion of patients— Nuers ...... 1800 Anuaks ...... 50 Arabs ...... 150

Total ...... 200c Fees ...... $7630 Medical work was carried on during half the year. Of work done during journeys and at various stops no record was kept. 268 Sudan— Industrial Work.

INDUSTRIAL WORK.

BY REV. G. A. SO WA SH .

Nineteen hundred and fourteen has been a year both of en couragement and discouragement in the Industrial Department of our Mission. In the Northern Sudan we have had at various times during the year seven boys under instruction in carpentry. Of these one only was with us the entire year. This boy, Abdulla, has been in the Home for Boys since its founding. In fact, he was one of the original boys taken up by Dr. McLaughlin. He seemed for some time almost hopeless, but now he is beginning to realize his responsibility to his instructors. We are encouraged to hope that the prayers of Dr. and Mrs. McLaughlin will yet be answered. Of the other six boys who studied carpentry with us during the year, one only completed the course of ten months. While not the most clever, this boy was the most reliable. We were hoping that he would ultimately become a respected, skilled carpenter, but his father, who was reported at the point of death, sent for him to come to Wad Medina, a town about 125 miles from Khartum, and we have not heard from him since. All boys are required to attend the church services and prayer-meetings. Thus we hope that in addition to an elementary knowledge of carpentry, these boys may come to know some thing of Him whom to know aright is life everlasting. From the Southern Sudan Mr. Oyler reports as follows: The Industrial Department has been badly handicapped by the absence during the greater part of the year of the Industrial Directors. Mr. Guthrie was on furlough and was prevented from returning in the autumn because of the war. Mr. Tidrick was at the Hill only four months when he was suddenly called to the Home above. His death is deeply felt in this department. He was the first director of this work in the Sudan and had a large place in the hearts of the people.” The year 1914 was a difficult one for this department, as the rainfall was very slight, and a crop failure resulted. Only with great difficulty could sufficient grain be secured to feed the people on the compound. The store conducted by the Mission had been closed by the Government at the beginning of the year. This in creased the difficulty. Because of these things the people were often hungry and as a natural result could not do so much work. During the latter part of the year, however, the grain crop, both Sudan— Industrial IV or k. 269 in the Shulla country and in all the Sudan, was one of the best ever known. Hunger no longer troubles the people. During the year the supply of workmen has been abundant. Some are hired by the day and others by the week. At times more than a hundred have been at work on the Mission property, at other times as few as twenty. Every morning before the men went to work a prayer-meeting was held which all were required to attend. Cattle plague has been very prevalent in the Shulla country and the Mission has lost several animals. This is one of the great hindrances to the industrial work. The country is very suitable for grazing purposes, but almost every year it is visited by this plague. The Government is doing much toward the mitigation of this disease, but because of the lack of an adequate staff of trained men it cannot cope with the trouble which spreads over such a vast expanse of territory. With the return of Mr. Guthrie we are looking forward to a more prosperous year in 1915. Wre believe that this department has had much to do with the drawing of the people to us and in influencing them for Christ. Almost without exception those now interested in religious matters were at one time or another employed on the Mission compound. 270 Sudan—Summary of Statistics. SUMMARY OF STATISTICS, SUDAN, 1914.

B Y DR. H . R. M AG ILL.

WORKERS—

Missionaries— Ordained ...... 4 Medical ...... 2 Industrial ...... 2 Unmarried women ...... 3 Wives of missionaries ...... 8 19 Teachers— Men ...... 4 Women ...... 7 11 Evangelistic Colporteur ...... 1 Missionaries of Synod— Ordained ...... 1 Unordained ...... 2 34 EVANGELISTIC—

Total number of places where services are held ...... 12 Organized congregations ...... 1 13 Church members— Men ...... 119 Women ...... 81 ---- 200 Sabbath morning- attendance— Men ...... 264 W o m en ...... 223 Occasional hearers Southern Sudan ...... 694 Total church contributions ...... $1781.88

EDUCATIONAL—

Schools for boys ...... 4 Schools for girls ...... 3 7 Pupils— Boys ...... 442 Girls ...... 283 725 Fees for tuition ...... $1159.90 Fees for boarding ...... 345-45 $1505-35 Sabbath schools ...... 10 Attendance— Men ...... 254 Women ...... 168 Boys ...... 297 Girls ...... 243 962 Average attendance at Sabbath school last year ...... 324 Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 271

Alphabetical L,ist of Missionaries. Names. Field. Entered Retired Died. Acheson, Rev. J. W. Egypt- 1912 Acheson, Mrs. Alice B. 1912 Adams, Rev. C. C. it 1908 Adams, Mrs. Nellie tt 1908 Alexander, Rev. J. R., D.D. tt 1876 Alexander, Mrs. Carrie tt 1876 Anderson, Rev.Wm. B.,D.D. India. 1897 1914 Anderson, Mrs. Mary B. “ 1897 1914 Anderson, Rev. W. T. << 1891 Anderson, Mrs. Jean 1891 . Oct. 3, 1892 Anderson, Mrs. Minnie C. « nee Parks.* Andrew, W. H. Trinidad, u- 1851 1861 Mar. 80, 1879 Andrew, Mrs. <4 1851 1851 Ashenhurst, Rev. J. O. Egypt. 1887 1897 Ashenhurst, Mrs. Adella A. tt 1897 nee Brown.* Ayers, Rev. Ralph E. India. 1911 Ayeis, Mrs. Violet M. U June 19, 1914 nee Scott.* Baird, Rev. J. W. Egypt. 1912 Baird, Mrs. Maude R. ii 1912 Ballantyne, Rev. J. W., D.D. India. 1895 April 6, 1916 Ballantyne, Mrs. Blanche C. <> 1895 Banks, Rev. Joseph Trinidad. <— 1843 1858 April 26,1859 i Syria. 1846 1854 Barnett, Rev. James, D.D. 1 Egypt. 1854 1876 Oct. 2, 1884 Barnett, Mrs. Margaret L. it 1866 1875 Barr, Rev. James S., D.D. India. 1861 Barr, Mrs. Mary tt 1861 May 1, 1906 Bell, Prof. Chas. S. Egypt. 1907 Bell, Mrs. Myra L. it 1907 Boyd, Rev. J. Howard « 1902 Boyd, Mrs. Mary H. it 1902 Brandon, Rev.Wm. J., Ph.D. India. 1900 Sept. 24, 1911 Brandon, Mrs. H. Lillian u 1900 1912 Brown, Montrose M., M.D. a 1905 Brown, Mrs. Carrie M. a 1906 Caldwell, Rev. A. B.

• Married in the MiMion, See pp. 376-2)8. 2 72 Alphabetical List of Missionaries. Alphabetical, List of Missionaries—Continued. Names. Field. Etttereà. Retired. Died. Crawford, Rev. John Syria. 1857 1878 1906 Crawford, Mrs. Mary B. it 1857 1878 Crowe, Rev. Osborne India. 1896 Crowe, Mrs. Sarah Jane if 1896 Cummings, Rev.Thos.F. ,D.D. M 1890 1909 Cummings, Mrs. Anna A. it 1890 1909 Aug. 9, 1912 Currie, Rev. Ebenezer Egypt. 1865 Oct. 18, 1869 Currie, Mrs. Nettie it 1865 March 9,1H66 Elder, Rev. E. Earl it 1915 Elder, Mrs. Ellen N. “ 1915 Ewing, Rev. S. C., D.D. . 1860 April 3, 1908 Ewing, Mrs. Catharine A. a 1860 Fife, Rev. Elmer E. India. 1890 1896 Fife, Mrs. Mary S. u 1890 1896 Finley, Harry L., M.D., Egypt. 1906 Finley, Mrs. Grace G. Egypt. 1906 Finney, Rev. Thos. J., D.D. U 1882 Juue 23, 1916 Finney, Mrs. Nannie McC. » 1882 Frazier, Rev. James A. Syria. 1851 Aug. 30,1863 Frazier, Mrs. Elizabeth U 1851 July 29, 1851 Frazier, Mrs. Johanna it 1854 1868 Dec. 26, 1907 Galloway, Rev. Dalton Egypt. 1913 Galloway, Mrs. Estelle K. 1913 Giffen, Rev. Bruce J. «< 1903 1906 Giffen, Rev. E. Morrison - 1890 1907 GifFen, Mrs. Frances M. << 1890 1907 Giffen, Rev. John, D.D. 1875 Gifien, Mrs. Mary E. « Oct. 16, 1881 nee Galloway.* Giffen, Mrs Elizabeth E. nee Newlin.* / Egypt- 1881 1900 Giffen, Rev. J. Kelly, D.D. \ The Sudan. 1900 / Egypt. 1881 1900 Giffen, Mrs. Grace 1 The Sudan. 1900 Gilmor, Rev. Wm. P. Egypt. 1912 Gordon, Rev. Andrew, D.D. India. 1855 Aug. 13, 1887 Gordon, Mrs. Rebecca C. << 1855 1888 Feb. 6,1900 Gordon, David Trinidad. *" 1843 Dec. 24,1844 Gordon, Mrs. 1843 1845 Gordon, Rev.David R., D.D. India. 1895 Gordon, Mrs. Grace W. « 1896 Gordon, Mr. James W. ii 1866 1871 Gordon, Mrs. Eleanor J. it 1866 1871 Grant, Andrew F., M.D. Egypt. 1904 Grant, Mrs. Harriet H. it 1904 Guthrie, Mr. C. B. The Sudan 1908 Guthrie, Mis. Anna M. nee Barackman* Hart, Rev. Samuel G. Egypt. 1892 Hart, Mrs. « 1892 Harvey, Rev. Wm., D.D. 1865 Nov. 20, 1908 Harvey, Mrs. Henrietta M. « 1865 Hattie, Alexander. M.D Syria. 1857 1860 Henderson, Rev. F. D. Egypt. 1906 Henderson, Mrs. A Geno 1911 Henry, Vellora M., M.D. a 1*91 Henry, Mrs. E. Captolia it 1891 Hickman, Prof. W. W. <4 1909 Hickman, Mrs. Alice E. « 1909 Hill, Rev. R. A. India. 1866 1860 June 22, 1901 Hill, Mrs. “ 1856 1860 ' “ 9, 1875 Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 273

A lphabetical List of Missionaries Continued.

Nantes. Field. Entered. Retired. Died. Hogg, Rev. Hope W. Egypt. 1887 1894 Hogg, Mrs. Mary E. 1894 nee Work* Hogg, Rev. John, D.D ft 1860 Feb. 27, 1886 Hogg, Mrs. Bessie it I860 1888 Holliday, Rev. Thomas E. India. 1889 Holliday, Mrs. Mary Hays it 1889 Hoyman, Mr. F. S. Egypt. 1909 Hoyman, Mrs. Loretta A. 1911 nee Mitchell* Hunt, Rev. James G., D.D. it 1897 Hunt, Mrs. Florida P. ft 1897 Johnston, D. R.. M.D. it 1868 1875 Feb. 20, 1897 Johnston, Mrs. Maggie J. « 1868 1875 Kerr, George Trinidad. u 1844 Dec. 15, 1844 Kruidenier, Rev. Jeremias Egypt. 1889 D.D. Kruidenier, Mrs. Henrietta « 1889 Kyle, Rev. H. J. India. 1895 1899 Kyle, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth tl 1895 1899 Laing, Rev. A. M. 1911 Laing, Mrs. Margaret C. it nee Hormel* Lambie, Thomas A., M.D. The Sudan 1907 Lambie, Mrs. Charlotte ft it 1909 nee Claney* f Syria. 1851 1857 Lansing, Rev. Gulian, D.D- 1 Egypt. 1857 Sept. 12, 1892 f Syria. 1851 1857 Lansing, Mrs. Maria G. 1 Egypt. 1857 July 5, 1865 Lansing, Mrs. Sarah B. Egypt. Nov. 26,1889 nee Dales.* Lansing, Elmer E., M.D. Egypt. 1884 1888 June 1, 1893 Lansing, Mrs. Hattie E. it 1884 1888 Lytle, Rev. D. S. India. 1881 Nov. 8, 1899 Lytle, Mrs. Isabella G. “ 1881 1900 1912 McArthur, Rev. J. A. India. 1904 McArthur, Mrs. Sue C. it nee White* McCague, Rev. Thos., D.D. Egypt. 1854 1861 June 7, 1914 McCague, Mrs. Henrietta ft 1854 1861 Mar. 24, 1902 McClanahan, Rev. Neal it 1909 McClanahan, Mrs. Jennie S it 1909 McClenahan, Prof. Robt. S. ft 1897 McClenahan, Mrs. Marg’t J. 1897 McClenahan, Rev. W. L. 1898 McClenahan, Mrs. Jessie J. it March 4,1905 nee Hogg.* McClure, Rev. Robt. Reed India. 1897 April 27,1900 McClure, Mrs. Alice E. it lb97 McConnelee, Rev. John A. u 1895 D.D. McConnelee, Mrs. Alma C. it 1895 McCreery, Rev. Elbert The Sudan. 1906 1913 McCreery, Mrs. Hannah « « 1913 nee McLean* McFarland, Rev. K. W. Egypt. 1892 1901 McFarland, Mrs. Anna H. It 1892 1901 McGill, Rev. Ralph G. it 1905 McGill, Mrs. M. Flora. it 1905 McKee, Rev. Jas. P., D.D. India. 1870 lt.91 Nov. 1, 1899 McKee, Mrs. Margaret it 1870 1894

*Married in the Mission. See pp. 376-278. 274 Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

A lphabetical L i s t o p M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d . Names. Field. Entered. Retired, Died. McKelvey, Rev. Joseph China. 1868 1870 Aug. 24, 1910 McKelvey, Mrs. Adelaide 1868 Nov. 20,1800 McKelvey, Rev. Wm. M. India. 1902 McKelvey, Mrs. Cora M. tt 1902 /Egypt. 1898 1900 McLaughlin, H. T., M.D \The Sudan. 1900 1911 McLaughlin, Mrs. Lena J Egypt. 1898 1900 \The Sudan. 1900 March 2, 1911 1904 1909 Magill, Hugh R., M.D. | The Sudan. 1911 1915 Magill, Mrs. Marian F. tt it 1912 1915 Martin, Rev. J. Howard ,D.D. India. 1889 Martin, Mrs. Elizabeth 1889 Martin, Rev. Samuel, D.D. 1866 Dec. 24, 1910 Martin, Mrs. Lydia L. 1866 Dec. 3, 1886 Maxwell, Rev. Robert 1900 Maxwell, Mrs. Maud Pollock 1900 Mercer, Rev. W. D. 1912 Mercer, Mrs. Irene C. 1912 Merriam, Prof. Wm. H 1913 Merriam, Mrs. Josephine F. 1913 Moore, W. T., M. D. Egypt. 1910 Moore, Mrs. Alicia B. 1910 Morrison, Rev. George W. India. 1887 1902 Morrison, Mrs. Edna a 1887 April 7, 1890 Morrison, Mrs. J. L. a 1902 nee McGarey* Morton, Rev. j. H. India. 1901 April 29,1910 Morton, Mrs. Mary Edith it 1901 1911 Murch, Rev. Chauncey, D.D Egypt. 1883 Oct. 15, 1907 Murch, Mrs. Amelia S. tt 1883 1908 Nesbitt, Rev. H. S. India. 1904 Nesbitt, Mrs. Elizabeth India. 1904 Nevin, Rev. J. C. China. 1860 1878 May 14,1913 . Nevin, Mrs. Amanda S. U 1860 Sept. 27, 1867 Nevin, Mrs. Kate ti 1871 1878 Nichol, Rev. A. M. Egypt. 1874 1884 July 20, 1887 Nichol, Mrs. Emma C. 1874 1884 May 21, 1904 Nichol, Rev. Wm. M. 1889 1899 Nichol, Mrs. Laura K. 1889 July 17, 1890 Nichol, Mrs. Amanda E. 1899 nee Jamieson.* Nicoll, Prof. Wm. E. India. 1901 Aug. 6, 1914 Nicoll, Mrs. Clara Blanche tt 1901 Owen, Prof. C. A. Egypt. 1913 Owen, Mrs. Margaret C. 1913 Oyler, Rev. D. S. The Sudan 1909 Oyler, Mrs. Lillian J. 1912 nee Pieken* Patterson, Rev. J. F., M.D. Syria. 1872 1877 Mar. 23, 1882 Patterson, Mrs Isabella McD. 1872 1877 Paulding, J. G., M.D. Syria. 1845 1856 April 30,1875 Paulding, Mrs. 1ST45 1856 Philips, Rev. H. E., Ph.D. Egypt. 1908 Philips, Mrs. Daisy 1908 Picken, Rev. Samuel S. India. 1909 Picken, Mrs. Mary L. 1909 Pinkerton, Rev. B. F. Egypt. 1865 1869 Pinkerton, Mrs. Fidelia 1865 1869 1871 Pollock, A. W., M.D. 1903 Pollock, Mrs. A. W. 1903 * Married in the Mission. See pp. 276-278. Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 275

A l p h a b e t i c a L i s t o p M issionaries - C o n t i n u e d .

Names, Field. Entered Retired Di.d.

Porter, Rev. E . L . India. 1891 Porter, Mrs. Jane L. tt 1891 March 7, 1891 Porter, Mrs. Winifred L., « 1895 Porter, Prof. Wm. L., it 1905 1911 . Porter, Mrs. Carolyn B, a 1905 1911 Ranson, Rev. A. J. it 1909 1910 Ranson, Mrs. il 1909 1910 Reed, Rev. W . H . Egypt. 1895 Reed, Mrs. B. E. 1896 Roy, Rev. Mark S. it 1911 Roy, Mrs. Ida B. if 1911 Rule, Rev. A . H . it 1872 1873 Rule, Mrs. Jennie M. ft 1872 1873 Russell, Prof. Chas. P., if 1907 Russell, Mrs. Margaret G. « 1911 Scott, Rev. John Trinidad. 1845 1846 Aug. 4, 1877 Scott, Mrs. 1845 1846 Scott, Rev. T . L., D.D. India. 1874 Scott, Mrs. Mary A. « 1874 Oct. 25, 1880 Scott, Mrs. Anna E. « 1882 Smith, Rev. Paul J. The Sudan 1911 Smith, Mrs. Ida May tt u 1911 ( Egypt. 1896 1903 Sowash, Rev. Geo. A. \ The Sudan. 1903 Sowash, Mrs. E. J. Egypt. 1896 Sept. 4, 1900 Sowash, Mrs. Katherine The Sudan. 1903 Stevenson, Rev. E. H . India. 1856 1863 Sept. 10, laro Stevenson, Mrs. “ 1856 1863 Sept. 30, 1907 Stewart, Rev. Harris J. u 1911 Stewart, Rev. J. H . u 1908 Stewart, Mrs. Euphemia u 1908 Stewart, Rev. Robert, D .D . M 1881 Stewart, Mrs. Eliza F. “ 1881 nee Johnston.* / Egypt. 1866 1876 Strang, Rev. David, D .D . \ “ 1896 1906 1866 1876 Strang, Mrs. Gamella J “ I “ 1896 Sept. 6, 1896 Strang, Mrs. Mary F. Egypt. 1900 1906 Thompson, Mr. Andrew Trinidad. \s~> 1847 1849 Thompson, Rev. A. A. Egypt. 1906 Thompson, Mrs. Lydia M. «< 1906 Thompson, Rev. F. Scott 1911 Thompson, Mrs. Carrie May ¡t 1911 Thompson, Rev. J. S. India. 1894 1898 Thompson, Mrs. Mary Maud « 1894 1898 Tidrick, R. W. The Sudan 1906 April 21,1914 Tidrick, Mrs. S. Luella K K 1908 1914 Walker, Rev. R. W . Egypt. 1904 Walker, Mrs. Elizabeth M. u 1905 nee McCrory,* Watson, Rev. Andrew, D .D . M 1861 Watson, Mrs. Margaret M 1861 White, Rev. J. P. « 1894 1900 White, Mrs. Anna May l>-94 1900 Wilson, Charles A. 1905 1913 Wilson, Mrs. Maude M. 1905 1913 Work, Rev. S. A . 1904 Work, Mrs. S. A . U 1908 Zwemer, Rev. S. M., D. D .f « 1912 Zwemer. Mrs. Amy E 1912 * Married in the Mission. See pp. 276 27S. t Missionary associated through the courtesy of the Reformed Church in America. 276 Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

A lphabetical , L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d .

Unm arried W omen. Names. Field. Entered Retired Died.

Alexander, Miss Minnie R. India. 1906 1910 Anderson, Miss Emma D. “ 1881 Atchison. Miss Alda B. Egypt. 1904 Baird, Miss Mary E , 1913 Barackman, Miss Anna M.* The Sudan. 1909 Barnes, Miss Ella M . Egypt. 1911 Beatty, Miss Minnie E. India. 1912 Beatty, Miss Roma “ 1909 Bell, Miss Margaret A. Egypt. 1901 Bennett, Miss Hazel India. 1908 Beveridge, Miss Margaret A. Trinidad > 1843 1845 Boyd, Miss Myra L. Egypt. 1902 1906 Bradford, Miss Fannie G. The Sudan. 1907 Brotherston, Miss Lena S. India. 1906 Brown, Miss Adella A.* Egypt. 1886 Brown, Miss Grace ti 1894 1902 Buchanan, Miss Carrie M. U 1893 Buchanan, Miss Lois India. 1910 Cabeen, Miss Ida L . Egypt. 1909 Calhoun, Miss Eliza India. 1869 1884 Campbell, Miss Mary J. « 1884 Campbell, Miss T . M . Egypt. 1870 1878 Claney, Miss Charlotte J.* 1905 1909 Cleland, Miss Anna Laura India. 1903 Connor, Miss Harriet M. Egypt. 1880 1892 Corbett, Miss Kate M. India. 1886 Sept. 26, 1913 Cowden, Miss Mary H. «< 1905 Criswell, Miss Anna Belle. Egypt. 1905 f Syria. 1854 1858 Dales, Miss Sarah B.* I Egypt. 1858 Nov. 26, 1889 Dickey, Miss Sallie E. India 1895 1907 Dickey, Miss Cora B. Egypt. 1896 1907 Dickey, Miss Mabel B. 1912 Dickson, Miss Laureila G. India. 1897 Dight, Miss S. Isabel The Sudan. 1915 Downie, Miss Ella B., India. 1913 Drake, Miss N . Belle, M .D. Egypt. 1903 1908 Embleton, Miss M. M. India. 1891 1907 Fehlman, Miss Margaret J. Egypt. 1913 Ferrier, Miss Helen J. 1900 Finney, Davida «« 1915 Finney, Miss Minnehaha “ 1894 Fleming, Miss Bessie India. 1913 I Syria. 1876 1877 Frazier, Miss Mary A . I Egypt. 1878 1893 French, Miss Elsie M. 1909 Fulton, Miss Edith M. India. 1894 Mar. 30, 1906 Galbraith, Miss M. E. China. 1875 1876 Galloway, Miss M. E.* Egypt. 1875 Oct. 16, 1881 Gibson, Miss Jennie L . 1903 May 15, 1905 Gilbakian,MissAgavnie,M.l) India. 1907 1910 Given, Miss Annie F. <> 1886 1896 Gordon, Miss Elizabeth G. « 1855 1900 Apr. 3, 1915 Gordon, Miss Ella M. “ 1893 Gordon, Miss Euphemia E. •• 1881 1889 Grove, Miss Elsie E. The Sudan. 1912 Hadley, Miss Nancy A. India. 1904 -*■ Hamilton, Miss Anna M. •< 1902 Hamilton, Miss Laura B. i< 1908 Hammond, Miss Alfaretta Egypt. 1904 Hart, Miss Sarah 1861 June 28, 1868 »Married in the Mission. See pp. 271-275. Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 2 77

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d .

U n m a r r i e d W o m e n .

Names. Field. Entered. 1 Retired. Died. W He>ton, Miss Winifred India. 1910 E. T., M. D. Hill, Miss Kate A. India. 1896 Holland, Miss May Egypt. 1913 Hogg, Miss Jessie J.* 1887 March 4,1905 Hogg, Miss Rena L. « 1899 Hopkins, Miss Jeannette India. 1912 Hormel, Miss Margaret C.* “ 1909 i ! Hosack, Miss Isabel Egypt. 1912 Jameson, Miss Flora J. India. 1908 Jamieson, Miss Amanda E.* Egypt. 1892 Johnston, Miss Eliza F.* “ 1869 1881 Johnston, Mrs. S. E., M .D. India. 1890 April 9, 1902 Kerr, Miss Mary* Egypt. 1908 Kyle, Miss Ella O. H 1883 June 5, 1912 Kyle, Miss Mary India. 1904 Laing, Miss Olive R. “ 1912 Lawrence, Miss Elizabeth 1909 Lawrence, Miss Mary A. “ 1893 Lawrence Miss C. C., M .D . Egypt. 1896 1911 Lockhart, Miss Maggie G. 1874 1878 June 6, 1882 Logan, Miss Mary E. India. 1891 McCahon, Miss Elizabeth India. 1875 McCall, Miss Trinidad. <—r 1851 1851 McClenahan, Miss Eula Egypt. 1908 McClure, Mrs. Alice E. India. 1900 McConaugh, Miss Anna M. Egypt. 1903 McConnell, Miss Lillian A. India. 1902 McCracken, Miss Lois A. Egypt. 1912 1914 McCrory,Miss Elizabeth M* « 1906 McCullough, Miss Rose A. India. 1879 McDowell, Miss L. J. Egypt. 1892 1912 McGarey, Miss Lavina J.* India. 1889 McIntyre, Miss Aulora R. The Sudan. 1911 McKown, Miss Martha J. Egypt. 1860 1894 Jan. 30, 1897 McLean, Miss Hannah C.* The Sudan. 1906 1913 McMillan, Miss Adelle Egypt. 1895 Mar. 10, 1907 McMillan, Miss Carol. E. 1906 Maconachie, Miss ElanorW. India. 1910 Martin, Miss E. Josephine “ 1895 Martin, Miss Fannie C. (( 1896 Martin, Miss Jennie E. « 1906 Martin, Miss Mary R. U 1890 Martin, Miss E . Roxy Egypt. 1901 Mason, Miss Olive T . U 1912 Minger, Miss Emma M. India. 1902 Jan. 25, 1915 Mitchell, Miss Loretta A.* Egypt. 1909 j Mitchell, Miss Zella W. 1902 1906 Moore, Miss Henrietta India. 1898 Morrison, Miss Jennie B. u 1896 Newlin, Miss Elizabeth E.* Egypt. 1880 Paden, Miss Marion A. 1902 Parks, Miss Minnie C.* India. 1891 Pattison, Miss Mary M. Egypt. 1912 Pieken, Miss Lillian J. * U 1907 1913 Platter, Miss Mary A., M .D. India. 1894 1903 Scott, Miss Violet M.* X 1911 June 19, 1914 Simpson, Miss J. Phandora. » 1902 M.D. * Married in the Mission. See pp. 271-275. 278 Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

A lphabetical List of Missionaries— Continued.

U n m a r r ie d W o m e n . Names. „ Field. Entered. Retired. Died Smith, Miss Margaret A. Egypt. 1872 Smith, Miss Nellie C. (( 1911 Spencer, Miss Nannie J. India. 1894 Strang, Miss Isabella Egypt. 1878 1887 Strang, Miss Matilda 1886 1894 Teas, Miss E. Dorcas it 1896 Thompson, Miss Anna Y. ft 1871 Thompson, Miss Sadie tt 1913 Underwood, Miss Alice B. 1902 1904 Walker, Miss Laura B. it 1904 Wamock, Miss Ruth India. 1918 Watson, Miss Anna B., M.D. Egypt. 1896 Welsh, Miss M. E. India. 1869 1872 White, Miss Josephine L. “ 1884 White, Miss Maria, M.D. it 1886 White, Miss Sue Cooper* it 1905 Whitely, Miss Dora B. U 1911 Whiteside, Miss Ida Egypt. 1913 Williams, Miss Roe O. it 1911 Wilson, Miss Cynthia E. India. 1875 Wilson, Miss Ethel W. « 1918 Wilson, Miss Margaret M. « 1904 Wilson, Miss Rosa T. it 1886 Work, Miss Bertha B. it 1904 1908 Work, Miss Mary E * Egypt. 1890 Work, Miss Ruth A. 1904 Young, Miss Susan A. India. 1891 Jan. 15, 1908

* Married in the Mission. See pp. 271-275. Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer. 279

TREASURER’S REPORT. For Year Ending April 30th, 1915. S um m ary. RECEIPTS. Schedule A. Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly— Presbyteries ...... $193,876 09 Sabbath Schools ...... 9,482 30 Individuals ...... 7,228 13 Young People’s Societies ...... 2,711 47 B equests ...... 28,624 65 Ladies’ Missionary Societies ...... 175 00 In te re s t ...... 1,424 80 Endowed Funds Income ...... 2,053 90 Miscellaneous Funds ...... 9,385 64 Foreign Emergency Fund ...... 35,508 82 Total on Appropriation ...... $290,470 80 SCH ED U LE B. Women’s Board— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General A ssem bly ...... 103,782 89 Schedule C. Endowed Funds Principal and Income and Miscellaneous Funds— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General A ssem bly ...... 128,175 31 Schedule D. Investments and Loans— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General A ssem bly ...... 12,668 20 Total from All Sources ...... $535,097 22 Donation in Egypt Credited on This Year...... 297 98 Balance in India from Preceding Fiscal Year Merged into This Year ...... 103 55 Balance in Sudan from Preceding Fiscal Year Merged into This Year ...... 1,558 00 Balance April 30th, 1914...... 24,575 32 $561,632 07 DISBURSEMENTS. Schedule A. Egyptian Mission ...... $192,707 50 Schedule B. India Mission ...... 136,900 93 S chedule C. Sudan Mission ...... 34,475 28 Schedule D. Expense of Missionaries outside of Fields...... 34,850 03 Schedule E. Miscellaneous Funds ...... 11,146 77 Schedule F. Interest on Loans and Annuities ...... 4,979 76 Schedule G. Administrative Expenses ...... 20,647 54 Schedule H. Investments and Loans ...... 75,785 00 Total Disbursements ...... $511,492 81 Balance held for Special Trust and Endowed Funds, April 30th, 1915 ...... $32,759 34 Balance held against Outstanding Loans, April 30th, 1915 17,379 92 $561,632 07 280 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer.

DETAILED STATEMENT. RECEIPTS. Schedule A. Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly— Section 1—From Direct Contribut.cns— Presbyteries ...... $193,876 09 Sabbath Schools 9,482 30 Individuals ...... 7,228 13 Young People’s Societies ...... 2,711 47 B equests ...... 28,624 65 Ladies’ Missionary Societies 175 00 In te re s t ...... 1,424 80 Foreign Emergency Fund ...... 35,508 82 -$279,031< 2C Section 2—Endowed Funds Income— Sterrett and Agnes Cummins Memorial Fund. 59 40 James Junk Fund ...... 300 00 Ella Jane Dysart Fund ...... 30 00 L. and M. E. A. Fund ...... 60 00 Ja m es S. M cN ary F u n d ...... 239 43 Mary L. Pratt Fund ...... 18 00 Mary Sterritt Memorial Fund ...... 28 58 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund ...... 78 00 Mrs. Jane E. Mack Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Eliza Christie Fund ...... 468 31 Joseph and Eliza Barr Memorial Fund ...... 102 92 Elizabeth Adair Currie Fund ...... 118 42 James and Agnes Sankey Memorial Fund .. 60 00 Rev. W. W. Barr, D.D., Memorial F und ...... 30 00 Kobertson Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Kobert Wood Lynn Memorial Scholarship ...... 50 00 Mrs. Agnes A. Clark, Jessie and Mary Clark Memorial1| F und 30 00 Thomas S. and Mary J. McClanahan Memorial Fund... 60 00 McCarrell-Moore Fund ...... 60 00 Nelson Pratt Memorial F und ...... 27 00 Kenneth Wilson Smith Memorial Fund . 6 75 Rev. John M. Adair Memorial Fund ... 42 49 Nathaniel B. Hayden Memorial Fund ... 57 60 Alexander H. McArthur Fund ...... 60 00 Rev. Janies Price, D.D., Memorial Fund 7 00 -$s 2,053 90 Section 3—Miscellaneous Funds— Sudan Fund ...... $ 3,053 12 New Missionaries’ Fund—Preceding Years...... 3,832 52 Matured Annuity Donations ...... 2,500 00 9,385 64 T otal on A ppropriation of th e G eneral A ssem bly $290,470 80

Schedule B. WOMEN’S BOARD. Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Egyptian Mission— S alaries ...... $ 14,850 00 F urlough S alaries ...... 1,800 00 E stim a te s ...... 20,427 00 S pecials ...... 2,581 06 Traveling Expenses ...... 1,160 34 Assiut Parsonage Loan ...... 7,965 00 Loss on Exchange ...... 244 80 ------$ 49,028 £0 India Mission— S alaries ...... $ 21,447 00 Furlough Salaries ...... 2,520 00 E stim a te s ...... 19,421 00 Specials ...... 1,870 25 Traveling Expenses ...... 1 ,3 1 1 89 ------$ 46,570 14 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer. 281

Sudan Mission— * 1,330 00 Furlough Salaries .. 360 00 E stim a te s ...... 6,190 00 Specials ...... 20 00 Traveling Expenses 284 55 ------* 8,184 55 $103,782 89

Schedule C. Endowed and Miscellaneous Funds— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Section 1— Endowed Funds, Principal— Rev. John M. Adair Memorial Fund ...... $ 121 85 John Bell Memorial Fund ...... 15,156 25 Nathaniel B. Hayden Memorial Fund ...... 1,920 00 Rev. James Price, D.D., Memorial Fund ...... 50 00 Rev. David M. Ure., D.D., Memorial Fund ...... 23,750 00 Mrs. Francis M. Ure Memorial Fund ...... 26,969 24 A nnuity F u n d ...... 6,000 00 ------$ 73.967 34 Section 2—Endowed Funds Income— Rev. John B. Dales, D.D., Semi-Centennial Fund $ 250 00 Mrs. Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund ...... 34 61 Mr. and Mrs. George S. Brush Endowment Fund 60 00 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 172 26 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage Fund ...... 383 17 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund in Trust ...... 102 00 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 815 00 Margaret Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 74 40 Robert Dwight Foster Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,554 66 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 703 30 P ressly M em orial F und ...... 373 80 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund ...... 268 86 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund ...... 294 05 Annuity Fund, General ...... 2,822 96 Annuity Fund, Special ...... 546 00 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Bed ...... 50 00 Charity Porter Memorial Fund ...... 85 50 John Bell Memorial Fund ...... 268 45 Mary Boyle Memorial Fund, per Trustees of the General Assem bly ...... 401 37 John and Ann Jane Craig Memorial Fund ...... 53 58 Martha J. McGinnis Memorial Fund ...... 19 50 Rev. David M. Ure, D.D., Memorial Fund ...... 1,263 58 Mrs. Frances M. Ure Memorial Fund ...... 875 23 ------1 11,652 28 Section 3—Miscellaneous Funds— Specials to Egypt ...... $ 4,551 26 Girls’ College, Cairo ...... 1,259 10 Assiut College ...... 1,460 00 Library Endowment Fund, Assiut College ...... 50 00 Estate of William Whiting Borden, Deceased ...... 1,125 00 Library Fund, Tanta Girls’ School...... 61 52 A. M. N ickle Loan, E gypt ...... 500 00 Estate of William Reed, Deceased ...... 339 23 Specials to India ...... 3,822 67 India Famine Orphans’ Fund ...... 40 85 Martinpur School, India ...... 273 63 Nelson Pratt Boys’ School, Martinpur, Ind.a ...... 400 00 Gujranwala School, India ...... 342 00 India Permanent Equipment Fund ...... 3,085 12 Specials to Sudan ...... 186 94 Sudan Boat Fund ...... 5,555 14 Sudan Boys’ Home ...... 14 04 Sudan Boys’ School ...... 7 00 Robert Arthington Refund ...... 39 78 Ladies’ Missionary Societies for Account Women’s B oard ...... 74 75 Women’s Board for Account of Sand Hill Congregation, Fairview, Ohio ...... 20 00 —% 21,208 03 282 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer.

Section 4— New Missionaries— F und, 1914-16 ...... I 19,347 66 Schedule D. Investments and Loans— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General A sse m b ly. Matured Mortgages ...... $ 7,400 00 L o an s ...... 5,268 22

DISBURSEMENTS. Schedule A. Egyptian Mission— Remitted and paid for Egyptian Account ...... $159,126 00 Specials to Egypt ...... 7,126 37 John S. Fowler Orphanage, Principal ...... 10,193 52 John S. Fowler Orphanage, Income 383 17 Pressly Memorial Institute ...... 373 80 Girls’ College, Cairo ...... 1,259 10 Assiut College ...... 1,460 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,152 89 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 172 26 Campbell E*. Herron Memorial Fund ...... 268 86 Wallace Kidd Memorial F und ...... 60 00 Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund ...... 34 61 Rev. Jo h n B. Dales, D.D., Semi-Centennial Fund ___ 125 00 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund ...... 294 05 Pressly Fund ...... 242 92 Theological Seminary Endowment ...... 500 00 Robert Dwight Foster Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Bed ...... 50 00 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Library Endowment Fund, Assiut College ...... 50 00 Charity Porter Memorial Fund ...... 42 75 W om en’s B oard L oan, A ssiu t P a r s o n a g e ...... 7,965 00 Rev. W. W. Barr, D.D., Memorial Fund ... 60 00 John Bell Memorial Fund ...... 10 00 John and Ann Jane Craig Memorial Fund... 53 58 A. M. Nickle Loan ...... 500 00 Estate of William Reed, Deceased, Income 169 62 New Missionary Account ...... 914 00 -$192,7071 50

Schedule B. India Mission— Remitted and Paid for India Account ...... $125,693 00 Specials to India ...... 5,732 92 India Famine Orphans ...... 40 85 Gujranwala School ...... 342 00 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 815 00 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 330 30 Rev. John B. Dales, D.D., Semi-Centennial Fund 125 00 Charity Porter Memorial Fund ...... 42 75 Maj-tinpur School ...... 273 63 Nelson Pratt Boys’ School ...... 400 00 John Bell Memorial Fund ...... 250 00 Mary Boyle Memorial Fund ...... 401 37 Permanent Equipment Fund ...... 1,500 00 Martha J. McGinnis Memorial Fund ...... 1-9 50 Estate of William Reed, Deceased, Income ...... 169 61 New Missionary Account ...... 765 00 ------$136,900 93

Schedule C. Sudan Mission— Remitted and Paid for Sudan Account ...... $ 34,185 00 Specials to Sudan ...... 192 66 Sudan Boat Fund ...... 2 18 Margaret Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 74 40 Sudan Boys’ Home ...... 14 04 Sudan Boys’ School ...... 7 00 — 1 ■■■ 34(475 28 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer. 283

Schedule D. Section 1—Expense of Missionaries Outside of Fields— Traveling Expenses, India Missionaries ...... $ 3,205 75. Traveling Expenses, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 5,710 75 Traveling Expenses, Sudan Missionaries ...... 1,651 66 Tuition Allowance, India Missionaries ...... 50 00 Tuition Allowance, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 270 00 Tuition Allowance, Sudan Missionaries ...... 30 04 Furlough Salaries, India Missionaries ...... 7,687 80 Furlough Salaries, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 6,668 61 Furlough Salaries, Sudan Missionaries ...... 1,945 10 Children of India Missionaries ...... 1,573 04 Children of Egyptian Missionaries ...... 979 31 Children of Sudan Missionaries ...... 322 12 Allowance, Mrs. Blanche D. Nicoll ...... 251 88 Allowance, Mrs. Luella Tidrick ...... 1,000 00 ------$ 31,346 06 Section 2—Expense of New Missionaries— Traveling Expenses, India Missionaries ...... $ 711 19 Traveling Expenses, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 571 95 Furlough Salaries, India Missionaries ...... 201 «6 Furlough Salaries, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 791 67 Outfit, India Missionaries ...... 450 00 Outfit, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 600 00 T uition ...... 50 00 New Wilmington Conference ...... 127 50 ------$ 3,503 97

Schedule E. Miscellaneous Funds— Samuel Kerr Fund, Annuity Interest ...... $ 373 00 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund in Trust ...... 102 00 Legal Expenses ...... 249 53 Emergency Fund ...... 4,470 65 Missionary and Efficiency Committee ...... 2,200 00 Language Study School Expenses ...... 189 01 Women’s Board, Account of Sand Hill Congregation, Fairview, Ohio ...... 20 00 Cable ...... 4 77 Gibson Trust Fund Expense ...... 401 77 Maria J. Miles Fund, Special ...... 563 00 Special Allowance, Mrs. Lillian Brandon ...... 400 00 Permanent Equipment Fund Paid A. N. Fraser, Treas. 1,585 12 Ladies’ Missionary Societies for Account of the Women’s Board ...... 384 43 T ax es ...... 3 49 Rev. David M. Ure, D.D., Estate Paid Union Dale Cemetery Company ...... 100 00 Mrs. Frances M. Ure Estate Paid Union Dale Cemetery Com pany ...... 100 00 ------$ 11,146 77

Schedule F. Interest— On L oans ...... $ 1,556 80 On Annuities ...... 2,822 96 On Annuity, Special 600 00 ------% 4,979 7«

Schedule G. Administrative Expenses— Salary, Corresponding Secretary ...... $ 900 00 Salary, Treasurer ...... 500 00 Salaries, Associate Secretaries ...... 4,499 99 Traveling Expenses, Corresponding Secretary ...... 350 63 Traveling Expenses, Associate Secretaries ...... 1,178 85 Clerical Allowance of Secretaries ...... 4,851 29 Clerical Allowance, Treasurer ...... 952 00 Printing, Postage, Rent Office and General Expenses 6,176 85 Miscellaneous Expenses, General ...... 1,237 93 ------% 20,647 54 284 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer.

Schedule H. Investments ...... $ 67,285 00 L oans .'...... 8,500 00 ------$ 75,785 00

INDEBTEDNESS. D ue by M issions, E tc $ 4,297 23 Due Reserve Fund ...... $ 43,374 52 C ash Bal.t A pril 30, 1915 50,139 26 Outstanding' Loans ...... 26,500 00 D eficit, A pril 30, 1915 ...... 48,197 37 D ue Spec, and T ru st F unds 32,759 34 $102,633 86 $102,633 86 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer. 285

SECURITIES AND INVESTMENTS, 1915. First Mortgage on Property Knox St., Germantown, Phila ...... $2,500.00 219 S. Lex St., Philadelphia ...... 4.000.00 “ 5010 Franklin St., Frankford, Phila... 3.500.00 “ 1122 Fillmore St., Frankford, Phila... 1 000.00 N. E. cor. Howard & Palmer Sts., Phila. 30,000.00. “ Friendship Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 3.300.00 “ Chartiers Ave., McKees Rocks, Pa ...... 4.000.00 “ West Park, McKees Rocks, Pa ...... 1.250.00 Forbes St., Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 2.500.00 “ Orchard St., Esplen, Pa ...... 2.500.00 “ Heisel St., Homestead, Pa...... 6.000.00 “ Jackson St., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 3.500.00 “ Tacoma St., 21st Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 3.500.00 “ W. Carson St., Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 3.000.00 Ninth Ave., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 3.500.00 Ridge & Monroe Aves., Chartiers Township, Pa ...... 1 000.00 “ Freeland St., 18th Ward, Pittsburgh, . P a ...... 2.800.00 Stanton Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 1.400.00 “ Sycamore St., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 2.500.00 Creston, Nebraska ...... 6 ,00 0 .0 0 “ Bellaire Ave., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 3.500.00 Mathilda & Yew Sts., Pittsburgh, Pa... 1.500.00 Hillsboro St., 20th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 1.200.00 1918 Perrysville Ave., N. S., Pitts burgh, P a ...... 3.000.00 Devilliers St., 5th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 2 ,100.00 Summerfield, Fayette County, Pa ...... 2.700.00 815 Hill St., Sewickley, Pa ...... 2.500.00 “ Lehigh Ave., Borough of West View, Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 2.000.00 232 B irm ingham Ave., C arrick, P a ...... 2.800.00 Wainbell Ave., Borough of Dormont, Allegheny County, Pa ...... 4.000.00 Race St., Borough of Edgewood, Pa. 3.000.00 “ Susquehanna St., 13th Ward, Pitts- , burgh, Pa ...... 3.000.00 Biddle Ave., 3rd Ward, Wilkinsburg, P a ...... 1.000.00 1022 Portland St., Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 4.000.00 Glen Caladh St., 15th Ward, Pittsburgh. P a ...... 2.500.00 Churchill St., McKees Rocks, Pa ...... 3.000.00 43rd St., Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 3.000.00 Fairhill U. P. Church, Philadelphia---- 4.000.00 “ 116 S. 49th St., Philadelphia...... 4.500.00 Lang Ave., 13th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. 2.300.00 Anderson Ave., Borough of Dormont, Allegheny County, Pa ...... 4.000.00 Southern Ave., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 2.000.00 •< Duquesne Ave., Borough of Duquesne, Allegheny County, Pa ...... 2.800.00 Renova St., 15th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 2,800.00 Clayton Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 2.500.00 Eighth Ave., Borough of West Home stead, Allegheny County, Pa ...... 4.500.00 Highland Place. Borough of Bellevue, Allegheny County, Pa ...... 3.000.00 Palm Beach Ave., Pittsburgh. Pa ...... 1.300.00 Russellwood Ave., Borough of McKees Rocks, P a ...... 3.000.00 Soho, Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 1.350.00 286 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer.

Tw o D eed of T ru s t N otes, W ash in g to n , D. C., $1,500.00 ea c h 3,000.00 P ro p e rty 231 S. L ex S t., P hiladelphia. The following investments came to us from the donors, and are not investments which were made by our Board: Farmland, Morgan County, Colorado. First Mortgage on Property Kossuth County, Iowa ...... ; ____ $7,900.00 “ Neosho County, Kansas ...... 2,000.00 “ Neosho County, Kansas ...... 800.00 West Penn Railways Bond No. 4239 ...... 1,000.00 W est P en n R ailw ays B ond No. 4240 ...... 1,000.00 Riverside Irrigation District Bond No. 708 ...... 500.00 Riverside Irrigation District Bond No. 709 ...... 500.00 Three Shares Capital Stock Citizens Trust Co., Canonsburg, Pa. U. S. Bond ...... 500.00 First Mortgage on Property 5101 Atherton Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa 3,700.00 “ Furnace Run, Ligonier Township, West moreland County, Pa ...... 2,600.00 927 R ebecca S t., N. S., P ittsb u rg h , P a . 1,000.00 25 Shares Crucible Steel Company. 30 Shares Dollar Savings & Trust Company. 25 Shares National Biscuit Company. First Mortgage on Property James St., Verona, Allegheny County, P a ...... 4,500.00 60 Kennedy Ave., N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa. 2,000.00 956 K irk p a tric k S t., P ittsb u rg h , P a 2,300.00 Ligonier Township, Westmoreland Coun ty , P a ...... 2,500.00 1428 S andusky St., N. S., P ittsb u rg h , P a ...... 1,600.00 Nine Shares Westinghouse Air Brake Company. Westinghouse Air Brake Company Scrip Convertible. Crucible Steel Company of America Dividend Scrip. Four Pittsburgh Coal Debenture Bonds. One Delaware & Hudson Company Conv. 4% Bond. Two City of New York East River Bridge 3%% Bonds. One City of New York Docks & Ferries 3%% Bond. Seven City of New York Assessment 4%% Bonds. Nine Shares Elm Grove Cemetery Company, Washington, Iowa, in Trust. Five Shares Preferred Stock The Houston, Stanwood & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. Ten Shares Preferred Stock The Brownell Company, Dayton, Ohio. W ith the exception of a few of the above investments, they represent the principals of specially endowed and annuity funds, which are required to be kept invested. ROBERT L. LATIMER, Treasurer.

Philadelphia, Pa., May 12th, 1915. To the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North A m erica. G entlem en: I hereby certify that I have examined the accounts and vouchers of Robert L. Latimer, Treasurer, for the year ending April 30th, 1915, and find same correct. The cash balance, securities and investments have been verified by me, and I also certify same to be correct. Respectfully submitted, JOHN A. STEWART, Auditor. Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 287

DETAILED STATEMENT OF TREASURER.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF RECEIPTS. From May ist, IÇ14 to A p ril 30 th, IQ15.

PRESBYTERIES. A lbany ...... $2,413 72 L ake ...... 1,937 13 A llegheny ...... 18,332 59 Le C l a i r e ...... 926 89 A rgyle ...... 3,594 87 Los Angeles ...... 3,604 02 Arkansas Valley ...... 2,750 58 M ansfield ...... 1,079 84 B eav er "Valley ...... 5,665 47 M ercer ...... 3,336 30 B ig S p r in g ...... 1,600 14 M onm outh ...... *5,044 02 B oston ...... 1,504 65 Monongahela 28,953 04 Brookville ...... 256 20 M uskingum ...... 4,140 93 B u tle r ...... 5,893 84 N ew Je rsey ...... 1,236 60 C aledonia ...... 3,282 54 N ew Y ork ...... 247 61 Cedar Rapids ...... 2,645 82 Ohio First ...... 3,241 90 C h a rtiers ...... 7,475 31 O klahom a ...... 131 38 Chicago ...... 2,587 04 O m aha ...... 2,196 78 C leveland ...... 4,073 80 Oregon ...... 889 83 College Springs ...... 5,585 03 P aw nee ...... 1,821 24 Colorado ...... 2,907 40 Philadelphia ...... 6,583 57 C oncordia ...... 291 27 Pittsburgh ...... 443 03 C onem augh ...... 1,767 41 Puget Sound ...... 1,010 36 D elaw are ...... 2,766 82 Rock Island ...... 2,106 34 Des Moines ...... 2,339 96 San Francisco ...... 1,672 12 D etro it ...... 1,314 63 Sidney ...... 1,561 80 F ra n k fo rt ...... 1,229 34 Spokane ...... 177 08 G a rn e tt ...... 1,102 31 Steubenville ...... 4,603 23 1,071 68Hudson ...... 442 41 T ennessee ...... 1,071 68Hudson Idaho ...... 334 90 T exas ...... 188 82 Illinois Central ...... 1,139 28 U ncom pahgre ...... 101 12 Illinois Southern ...... 3,942 91 V erm ont ...... 418 53 In d ian a ...... 2,037 41 Westmoreland ...... 6,483 27 Indiana Northern ...... 318

Grand Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 52 60 Clinton, Mass...... 19 20 Rochester, Pa ...... 51 60 Jamestown, Pa ...... 19 09 Salem, N. T ...... 50 00 Miss Lambie’s Class, First, Wheeling, W. Va. .. 50 00 Sewickley, Pa ...... 19 00 Scotch Ridge, Ohio ...... 50 00 Organized Adult Bible Fourth, Philada., Pa ...... 49 79 Classes, Mexico, Pa ...... 18 55 Beaver Falls, Pa ...... 47 42 East Mansfield, Ohio ...... 18 17 N am pa, Idaho ...... 47 00 C lass No. 16, S p arta, 111... 18 00 Indianola, Iowa ...... 46 00 Plum Creek, Pa ...... 17 80 Gibson Heights, St. Louis, Hampton, Etna, Pa ...... 17 Oo Mo...... 45 33 First, Xenia, Ohio ...... 16 74 Newark, N. J ...... 44 12 Second, New York, N. Y. 16 25 Plain Grove, Pa ...... 43 5V G reenw ich, N. Y...... 16 16 Houston, Pa ...... 43 20 First, McKeesport, Pa. . .. 16 00 East Brook, Pa ...... 42 81 Miss Gertrude Scott’s Waterford, Pa ...... 42 77 Class, Sewickley, Pa. .. 16 00 West Newton, Pa ...... 42 76 First, New Wilmington, Oakdale, 111...... 41 90 P a ...... 15 50 Whitinsville, Mass...... 40 00 Eighth, Philada., Pa. 15 00 L isbon, Ohio ...... 40 00 Warrington Ave., Pitts A lbia, Iow a ...... 39 00 bu rg h , P a ...... 15 00 Albany, N. Y...... 37 00 Woodland Ave., Philada., Second, Youngstown, Ohio. 36 32 P a ...... 15 00 Moline, 111...... 35 81 Ireton, Iowa ...... 14 63 East Union, Harmarville, Denison, Kansas ...... 14 41 P a ...... 35 00 Bellefontaine, Ohio .. 14 13 Stewart Sta., Trafford, Pa. 35 00 Sidney, Ohio ...... 14 10 West Liberty, Pa ...... 34 72 Benkleman, Nebr...... 14 00 North Buffalo, Washing Dales Memorial, Philada., ton, P a ...... 34 60 P a ...... 13 33 First, Wilkinsburg, Pa. ... 34 46 Miss Jennie A. Frazier’s Franklinville, N. Y...... 34 00 ruass, Frankfort Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo. .. 32 25 P a ...... 12 00 Lawrence, Mass...... 31 47 Young Ladies’ Bible Class, Fort Morgan, Colo...... 31 30 West Newton, Pa ...... 12 00 First, Baltimore, Md...... 30 00 Sandy Lake, Pa ...... 12 00 North Yakima, Wash ...... 30 00 Elderton, Pa ...... 12 00 Covington, N. Y...... 30 00 Morea, Duncanville, 111. .. 12 00 Wooster, Ohio ...... 29 78 Third, Philada., Pa ...... 12 00 Princeton, Ind ...... 29 55 Saltsburg, Pa ...... 12 00 Buena Vista, Pa ...... 29 32 Altus, Oklahoma ...... 11 73 McCracken Bible Class. Crafton Heights, Pa ...... 11 42 Traer, Iowa ...... 29 00 Twelfth, Allegheny, Pa. . . 11 39 Slippery Rock, Pa ...... 27 64 Twelfth, Philada., Pa ...... 10 80 Highland Park, Los An Summit Ave., Jersey City, geles. Calif...... 27 50 N. J ...... 10 61 Sugar Creek, Ohio ...... 27 14 U tica, P a ...... 10 20 Riverside, Calif...... 26 25 Third, Washington, Pa. .. 10 00 First, Indiana, Pa ...... 26 00 Wheatland, 111...... 10 00 South Park, Buffalo, N. Y. 26 00 Second, East Liverpool, O. 10 00 Kansas City, Mo...... 25 50 Poland Ave., Struthers, Service, Albia, Iowa ...... 25 00 Ohio ...... 10 00 Ellwood City, Pa ...... 25 00 First, Baltimore, Md...... 9 74 Service, Pa ...... 25 00 Third, Portland. Oregon.. 9 16 Mrs. Hannah Brooks’ Union, Sparta, 111...... 8 70 Class, Merry Workers, Lansingville, Youngstown, H untsville, Ohio ...... 25 00 Ohio ...... 7 74 San Diego, Calif...... 25 00 Scotland, Ind ...... 7 65 First, Topeka, Kans...... 25 00 Beracha, Plumville, Pa. .. 7 00 Shadyside, Pittsburgh, Pa. 25 00 Good Hope, Pittsburgh, Pa. 7 00 Andes, N. Y...... 24 61 Findlay, Ohio ...... 6 96 Jamestown, Ohio ...... 24 00 Eskridge, Kansas ...... 6 85 Redlands, Calif...... 23 93 Mansfield, Ohio ...... 6 02 Santa Ana, Calif...... 23 66 Homestead, 111...... 6 00 Co-Workers’ Bible Class, Q uincy, M ass...... 5 30 R iverside, C alif...... 23 20 V erona, P a ...... 5 26 West Philada., Pa. 23 00 West Union, Pa ...... 5 20 Springdale, Pa ...... 22 72 Bruce, Mich...... 5 20 Mt. Jackson, Mahoning- Lincoln, Nebr...... 5 18 tow n, P a ...... 22 42 First, Gary, Ind ...... 5 03 Second, Brooklyn, N. Y. .. 21 04 Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, N. Y. 5 00 Lewistown, Pa ...... 21 00 Sycamore and Hopkins Brown Ave., Erie, Pa ...... 21 00 ville, Loveland, Ohio .. . 5 00 Darlington, Pa ...... 20 80 Beechview, Pa ...... 5 00 First, Torrington, Wyo. .. 20 70 First, Zanesville, Ohio ... 5 00 S haron, P a ...... 20 00 Harlansburg, Pa ...... 5 00 Oak Park, Philada., Pa. .. 20 00 First, Denver, Colo...... 5 00 Idaville, Ind ...... 20 00 Primary Department, First, • Boyden, Iowa ...... 20 00 Allegheny, Pa ...... 5 00 Rushville, Ind ...... 19 94 Spirit Lake, Idaho ...... 5 00 First, Cleveland, Ohio ----- 19 80 Oakland, Calif...... 5 00 Annual Report- ■Detailed, Statement of Treasurer. 289

Brskine, Bad Axe, Mich. 4 75 Huntsville, Ohio ...... 1 42 Palo Alto, Newton. Iowa. 4 65 Cedarville Union, Lock Olivet, Trenton, Ohio...... 4 63 wood, M o...... 1 20 Third, Dayton, Ohio ...... 4 36 First, New Castle, Pa. ... 1 00 Savannah, Ohio ...... 4 00 White Oak, Gibson, Iowa. 94 Lower Chanceford, Air- Second Bellingham, Wash. 70 ville, P a ...... 3 72 Monroe Memorial, Akron, York, P a ...... 3 6» Ohio ...... 69 Fredericksburg, Ohio ...... 3 65 Albany Presbytery ...... 9 00 Northfield, Ohio ...... 3 3 Si Argyle Presbytery ...... 18 35 Birthday Offering, Willam Big Spring Presbytery .... 11 88 ette, Oregon ...... 3 36 I Brookville Presbytery .... 15 00 Conneaut Lake, Pa ...... 3 35 1 Caledonia Presbyterv ...... 3 00 Sunbeam, Aledo, 111...... 3 34 Chartiers Presbytery ...... 55 18 West Hebron, N. Y...... 3 27 Colorado Presbytery ...... 9 20 Wagoner Place, St. Louis, Illinois Southern Presby Mo...... 3 15 tery ...... 10 00 Simpson Bible Class ...... 3 00 Kansas City Presbytery .. 9 60 Fairview, Pa ...... 2 87 Lake Presbytery ...... 5 78 Pitzer, Earlham, Iowa .... 2 86 Mansfield Presbytery 2 80 Chicopee, Mass...... 2 80 Mercer Presbytery ...... 6 60 Second, Cincinnati, Ohio.. 2 50 Monongahela Presbytery.. 12 14 Ninth, Pittsburgh, Pa. ... 2 06 Ohio First Presbytery .... 1 56 Canonsburg, Pa ...... 2 00 j Westmoreland Presbytery. 34 32 Bethel, Swanwick, 111. ... 2 00 Commerce, Mich...... 2 00 $9,482 30 Jeannette, Pa ...... 1 6u

INDIVIDUALS. The Howison Family ...... $500 00 Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Cox .. 25 00 Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Fraser 300 00 First Congregation, Balti Mrs. A. L. Dickson ...... 250 00 m ore, Md...... 25 00 Young Men and Young Mrs. H. L. Finley ...... 25 00 Women's Christian Asso A Friend of Missions, ciations, Westminster Tingley, Iowa ...... 25 00 College ...... 216 75 Greensburg, Pa., Congre Robert Johnston ...... 200 00 gation ...... 25 00 Rev. J. A. Williamson, D.D. 200 00 Oscar L. Jackson ...... 25 00 A Friend of Missions ...... 155 00 Ja m es Z. M cLay ...... 25 00 William Wright ...... 150 00 Missionary Society, W est Individual, Wheeling Pres ern College, Oxford, Ohio 25 00 b y tery . . : ...... 120 00 Trustees Rafferty Trust S tu d e n t s’ Association, Fund, Second Church, Pittsburgh Theological Allegheny, Pa ...... 25 00 S em inary ...... 112 00 Rev. John B. Wilson ...... 25 00 A Contributor, Jersey City, X. Y. Z...... 25 00 N. J ...... 100 00 Individual, Illinois South Friends of Missions, In ern Presbytery ...... 21 20 gram , P a ...... 100 00 Lyman T. Bixler, interest. 20 25 Rev. and Mrs. J. P. Finney 100 00 Mr. and M rs. John A. A n James Hoven ...... 100 00 derson ...... 20 00 In Memory of Thomas H. Rev. Thos. F. Cummings, and Anna M. Davidson, D.D ...... 20 00 from their children .... 100 00 Rev. and Mrs. J. B. Clap- M rs. M. J. N eum an ...... 100 00 p erton ...... 20 00 F. S. Hoyman refund ... 91 66 A Friend of Missions, Iola, Estate of James Rafferty, K an sas ...... 20 00 Incom e ...... 75 98 Mrs. N. Harman ...... 20 00 A Friend of Missions, Los Individual, per Missionary Angeles, Calif...... 75 00 | and Efficiency Commit Individual, Westmoreland 1 tee ...... 20 00 Presbytery ...... 60 00 E. J. and E. E. McClain .. 20 00 Miscellaneous, per Mission John G. P e trie ...... 20 00 ary and Efficiency Com Traer, Iowa, Congregation 19 03 m ittee ...... 52 28 Individual, Beaver Valley A nonym ous ...... 50 00 Presbytery ...... 18 00 J. D. Barr ...... 50 00 Rev. and Mrs. J. H. Elliott 15 00 A Friend of the Work .... 50 00 S. J. E rw in ...... 15 00 A Friend, Omaha, Nebr... 50 00 A Friend in Cambridge .. 15 00 A Friend, Waynesboro, Pa. 50 00 Mrs. W . S. H eade ...... 15 00 Iberia, Ohio, Congregation. 50 00 Miss Alice Morrison ...... 15 00 Mrs. Nannie M. Knobloch. 50 00 F. J. McFate ...... 15 00 Mrs. Mary J. Pollock ...... 50 00 Miss Nettie Robertson ----- 15 00 Mrs. Mary J. W att ...... 40 00 Sand Hill Congregation, Handbook Refund ...... 34 14 Fairview, Ohio ...... 15 00 W. A. Turnley ...... 26 00 Miss Eva B. Thompson .. 15 00 W hite Gift, per Missionary M aps ...... 13 40 and Efficiency Commit Mrs. Jacob Berroth ...... 12 50 tee ...... 25 18 George B. Sims ...... 12 50 Rev. W. H. Anderson ----- 25 00 290 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

M. P. K yle and M rs. A. H. Miss E. Dorcas Teas...... 5 00 P o rte ...... 12 00 Miss Kate L. T erry ...... 5 00 Members of Presbyterian Rev. W. H. McMaster, Church, Pawnee City, P h.D ...... 4 82 N ebr...... 11 40 Beaver Run Congregation, First Congregation, Den Brookville, P a ...... 4 25 ver, Colo...... 11 00 The Campbell’s, Grove S. W . Boyd ...... 10 00 City, P a ...... 4 00 Miss Laura J. Bruce 10 00 Four Men of Elmwood, Miss Jane Black ...... 10 00 Iow a ...... 4 00 M rs. A nna M. B u r n s ...... 10 00 Individual, Kansas City J. T. Campbell...... 10 00 Presbytery ...... 4 00 Mrs. James Cowen ...... 10 00 Dr. E. R. Montinzo ...... 4 00 A Friend, Mt. Lebanon, Miss Mary Brownlee ...... 3 00 P a ...... 10 00 Miss Vessie O. Coughey.. 3 00 E. G. F ra z e r ...... 10 00 In Memoriam, J. Harvey' A Friend, Hanover, 111. .. 10 00 S te w a rt ...... 3 00 Mrs. Kate O. Findley ----- 10 00 Robert L. Mellon ...... 3 00 Miss Ella Glenn ...... 10 00 Carl A. Roessing ...... 3 00 In d iv id ual, Pittsburgh Miss Lyda F. Lantz ...... 2 50 Presbytery ...... 10 00 C. T. M cFarland ...... 2 50 Mrs. Warren Mayo ...... 10 00 Telephone refund ...... 2 10 Jessie E. McMurray ...... 10 00 Anonymous, Pittsburgh, David Turner ...... 10 00 P a ...... 2 00 Miss Henrietta Cowden .. 9 00 Anonymous, Slippery Rock, Rev. J. Allen Barr ...... 8 00 P a ...... 2 00 Crawfordville, Iowa, Cong. 8 00 Anonymous, Keokuk, Iowa 2 00 Fourth, Spokane, Wash Anonymous, Johnstown, ington Congregation .... 8 00 P a ...... 2 00 W. Howard Speer ...... 8 00 Rev. and Mrs. J. E. Black 2 00 Mission Study Refund .... 6 98 Clinton Congregation. Sax- Miss Jeannette Swearinger 6 50 onburg, P a ...... 2 00 Amity, Ohio, Congregation 6 00 Mrs. W. B. Glover ...... 2 00 Friend, per Mr. D. T. Reed 5 35 Mr. and Mrs. Cyrus Hoo Mrs. W. C. A b e r ...... 5 00 v er ...... 2 00 Anonymous, Steubenville, Individual, Muskingum Ohio ...... 5 00 Presbytery ...... 2 00 Mrs. W. H. Acheson ...... 5 00 Individual, Birmingham, W. M. A dair ...... 5 00 Iow a ...... 2 00 Mrs. John Adams ...... 5 00 Individual, Monongahela Miss N. Marjory Boal ----- 5 00 Presbytery ...... 2 00 Miss Stella E. Burns ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. G. L. Kissick 2 00 Miss Anna M. Burns .... 5 00 Mrs. M. M. M cL eod...... 2 00 Rev. W. W. Barr, D.D., Dr. W. T. Moore ...... 2 00 M em orial ...... 5 00 Miss Kate Ogilvie ...... 2 00 Miss Bella Buck ...... 5 00 Dr. A. W. Pollock ...... 2 00 Rev. J. P. Courtney ...... 5 00 Refund, Montgomery Ward Miss Jessie H. Crawford.. 5 00 & Co...... 2 00 Mrs. M. L. Campbell .... 5 00 J, Schrader ...... 2 00 J. R. Carothers ...... 5 00 Miss Cora B. Snodgrass.. 2 no Miss Elizabeth Cochran .. 5 00 H. S...... 2 00 Mrs. E. S. D y sart ...... 5 00 Two Members of Second, Rev. Jo h n G. Dick ...... 5 00 Washington, Iowa ...... 2 00 Miss Mary E. E vans ...... 5 00 Two Friends in the Cause, A Friend, Lyndon, Kansas 5 00 Lenox, Iowa ...... 2 00 Miss Jennie E. Gilmore .. 5 00 M rs. E lla M. W ilson ...... 2 00 Rev. W. J. Golden ...... 5 00 Lyman T. Bixler ...... 1 50 Mrs. M ary M. H all ...... 5 00 M rs. A. T. A rnold ...... 1 00 Italian Presbyterian Mis Anonymous, Caledonia. sion Church, New York N. Y...... 1 00 City, N. Y...... 5 00 A True Friend of the Ba Miss Sara E. Logan ...... 5 00 bies ...... 1 00- Member of First Church, Anonymous, Traer, Iowa. 1 00 Conway, P a ...... 5 00 Anonymous, Omaha, Neb. 1 00 Member of Women’s Mis Miss Jeannette Bigger .... 1 00 sionary Society, First, Mrs. W. R. Boone ...... 1 00 Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 5 00 William Baird ...... 1 00 Members of Hickory, Pa.. 5 00 Mrs. Cordelia Corder .... 1 00 Miss Anna D. McClung . . 5 00 Mrs. Jennie A. Cleland... 1 00 Charles L. Patterson .... 5 00 Miss Jessie E. Dow ...... 1 00 Miss Ada B. Philips ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. E. W. Ely. 1 00 J. W. Park ...... 5 00 Mrs. F. E. Foster ...... 1 00 J. A. Punteney ...... 5 00 M iss Alice M. F ord ...... 1 00 Wm. R. Paterson ...... 5 00 Friend and Member, Ot Robert Rutledge ...... 5 00 tawa, Kansas ...... 1 00 Miss Nettie Ralston ...... 5 00 Miss Helen J. Ferrier.... 1 00 Joseph M. Sapp ...... 5 00 A Friend of Missions, Smith Family ...... 5 00 Melford, Mich...... ' 1 00 J. T. Tate ...... 5 00 Miss Lizzie Grier ...... 1 00 Mrs. Edw. Tuggy and Mrs. J. C. G ilfillan...... 1 00 F am ily ...... 5 00 Wilson Graham ...... 1 00 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 291

A. E. G illiland ...... 1 00 Member of College Corner, Andrew Graham ...... 1 00 Ohio, Congregation .... 1 00 Harmarville, Pa., Congre G. N ulem an ...... 1 00 gation ...... 1 00 Mrs. R. C. Robison...... 1 00 “In His Name” ...... 1 00 Miss Bessie B. Shrader.. 1 00 Individual, Churchville, Ii. W. Shaw ...... 1 00 N. Y...... 1 00 Miss Martha Tennent .... 1 00 H. M. Jam ieson ...... 1 00 Miss Geneva M. Temblin. 1 00 Mrs. J. H. Keating ...... 1 00 Widows’ Mite, Ligonier, Miss Nellie B. Laughead.. 1 00 Pa ...... 1 00 Rev. Clyde E. Matson ...... 1 00 Miss Ida Whiteside ...... 1 00 Miss Martha Mehard ...... 1 00 Widow, Pittsburgh, Pa.. . 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. John McKes Mrs. J. W. Ward ...... 1 00 son ...... 1 00 Mrs. H. M. W etm o re...... 1 00 M iss M ary A. M a rtin ...... 1 00 S. E. Y oung ...... 1 00 1 00 1 00 Miss Georgia McVey...... 1 00 Exchange gained ...... 64 Mrs. Lou McArthur ...... 1 00 Traveling expenses refund 2,231 72 Miss Mattie McArthur .. . 1 00 $7,228 13 YOUNG PEOPLE’S SOCIETIES. East Brook, Pa ...... $100 00 Red Oak, Iowa ...... 7 50 Second, Allegheny, Pa,, . .100 00 Fourth, Philada., Pa ...... 7 50 C enter, P a ...... 100 00 Second, Providence, R. I.. 7 50 Third, New Castle, Pa.... 100 00 B rookline Boulevard. Second, New Castle, Pa... 82 50 Brookline, Pittsburgh, Avalon, P a ...... 80 00 P a ...... 7 4S Ellwood City, Pa ...... 75 00 Harmonv, 111...... 6 25 Highland, New Castle, Pa. 62 50 Second, New Concord, O.. 00 Beaver Palls, Pa ...... 60 00 Canton, Ohio ...... 5 00 Beaver, 'Pa ...... 50 00 Cherry Run, Rimersburg, North Allegheny, Pa ...... 50 00 P a ...... 5 00 West Alexander, Pa ...... 37 50 Grand Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 5 00 Bellefontaine, Ohio ...... 32 06 Paterson, N. J ...... 5 00 Harvard Heights, Los An W ashington, D. C...... 5 00 geles, Calif...... 31 25 E. 187th St., New York, New Brighton, Pa ...... 30 00 Ju n io rs ...... 5 00 Logan’s Ferry, Pa ...... 25 00 Smyrna, Marion Center, Second, Brooklyn, N. Y... 25 00 P a ...... 5 00 First, New Castle, Pa.... 25 00 Claysville, Pa ...... 4 00 Darlington, Pa ...... 25 00 Grahams, Pine Bush, N. Y. 3 98 Norris Square, Phila., Pa. 25 00 Belle Center, Ohio ...... 3 55 Interm edi ate Fourth, Tilden, 111...... 3 00 P hila., P a ...... 25 00 N ew ark, N. J ...... 3 00 South Henderson, Glad Juniors, East Mansfield, stone, 111...... 25 00 Ohio ...... 1 03 West 44th St., New York 22 50 Cuylersville, N. Y...... 1 00 California. Ohio ...... 22 50 Chartiers Presbytery ...... 1,125 00 Scotch Ridge, Ohio ...... 20 00 College Springs Presbytery 45 00 Second, New York, N. Y.. 18 00 Illinois Southern Presby Richmond, Kansas ...... 12 50 tery ...... 7 30 Piqua, Ohio ...... 12 46 Monmouth Presbytery .... 100 00 Morning Sun, Ohio ...... 10 61 Westmoreland Presbytery. 25 00 i/CCl VlCCA, JT CL...... g 00 Ninth Ave., Monmouth, 111. 10 00 $2,711 47 Wurtemburg, Pa ...... 9 00 BEQUESTS. Estate of Mrs. Margaret E sta te of Jam es M. W il Robb, deceased, income. $10 00 son, deceased ...... 3,424 53 Estate of Henry M. John Estate of Elizabeth Eaton, ston, deceased ...... 300 00 deceased ...... 323 80 Estate of John Smith, de Estate of Hugh Nash, de ceased ...... 1,568 66 ceased ...... 250 00 Estate of John S. Barr, E sta te of Mrs. C. B. Mc deceased ...... 475 00 Connell, deceased ...... 268 50 Estate of Mrs. John S. Estate of Mary Heaton, Barr, deceased ...... 250 00 deceased ...... 144 00 Estate of Hannah M. Wil Estate of Lyle Reid, de liamson, dec’sed. income 11 25 ceased ...... 2,857 50 Estate of Elizabeth E. E sta te of E d ith M. Stanly, White, deceased, income 24 00 deceased ...... 250 00 Estate of Miss Almira F. Estate of Nancy Reed, de Shepherd, deceased .... 200 00 ceased ...... 950 00 Estate of Mary J. Dodd, Estate of Mrs. Martha deceased ...... 1,000 00 Dougan, deceased ...... 1,000 00 Estate of John Warnock, Estate of Mrs. Addie Me- deceased ...... 4,453 59 Granahan, deceased .... 500 00 Estate of Lewis Davis, de ceased ...... 350 00 292 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

E sta te of L ois G. S tu a rt, E sta te of D aniel C. and deceased ...... 2,850 00 Janet McVean, deceased, Estate of Mary Dobbin, per Trustees’ General deceased ...... 195 62 A ssem bly ...... 207 40 Estate of James S. War Estate of Samuel F. Stew den, deceased, income.. 19 06 art, deceased ...... 834 63 E sta te of D aniel C. M c- Estate of Mary H. Young, Vean, deceased ...... 3,029 59 deceased ...... 200 00 Estate of Janet McVean, Estate of William Walker, deceased ...... 1,807 52 deceased ...... 370 00 Estate of Josiah Thomp son, deceased ...... 500 00 $28,624 65 LADIES’ MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. Seventh, Philada., Pa ...... $100 00 Seventh, Phila., Pa. 50 00 Dorcas Teas Young Wom G arrattsv ille, N. Y. . . 25 00 en’s Missionary Society, $175 00 FOREIGN EMERGENCY FUND. W. J. Adams ...... $30 00 E. P. Baird ...... 10 00 Rev. W. B. Anderson, D.D. 11 00 Mrs. R. J. Boys...... 25 00 Mrs. David Anderson .... 4 50 Mrs. J. G. Bull ...... 10 00 Dr. Chas. S. A pgar ...... 10 00 T. S. B ash ...... 1 00 Dow A ikin ...... 100 00 Mrs. T. S. Bash ...... 1 00 A Member of the Fourth Mrs. L. H. Bell...... 50 Church, Philada., Pa. .. 2 00 Mrs. S. J. B ra n d ...... 50 M. L. A rm strong' ...... 10 00 Mrs. Agnes Black ...... 1 00 Miss Lida Armstrong ...... 10 00 Rev. James Blackwood... 10 00 S. S. A rm strong ...... 10 00 Rev. Wm. Brown ...... 1 00 John P. Aikin ...... 25 00 Rev. Frank Boyd ...... 2 00 J. C. A llison ...... 10 00 Andrew Bickett ...... 5 00 M rs. M. J. Auld ...... 5 00 John Broatch ...... 5 00 Margery L. Allison ...... 10 00 Miss Margaret A. Bell .. 40 00 Sallie N. Aikin ...... 20 00 . W. A. B arnes ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. Geo. W. Miss Sara Boyle ...... 20 00 Aikin ...... 100 00 Effle Barnes ...... 1 00 Mrs. Elizabeth Anderson.. 5 00 Mrs. Wm. Burrell ...... 10 00 W. R. Andrews ...... 15 00 Maria Blair ...... 1 00 A nonym ous ...... 50 00 Isabel Blair ...... 3 00 Anonymous, DeWitt, Iowa 2 00 Mrs. F ra n k B arnes ...... 5 00 A Widow’s Mite ...... 1 00 Robert Brownlie ...... 5 00 Rev. W. H. Anderson ---- 8 00 M iss A nna M. B e ck w ith .. 5 00 R. A. Acheson ...... 20 00 Miss Margaret A. Ralph . . 5 00 Martha D. Aikin ...... 25 00 Mrs. W. E. Baird ...... 5 00 Janet Anderson ...... 8 00 Mrs. Robert Burneson.... 5 00 Anonymous, Albany, Ore. 50 00 Rev. W. N. Brown ...... 8 00 Miss Winifred J. Anderson 10 00 S. E lla B a rr ...... 10 00 Miss Margaret Armstrong. 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. Wm. C. Mrs. A rchie A n d erso n ...... 5 00 B atchelor ...... 5 00 Leigh A lexander ...... 10 00 Miss Sarah A. Carothers.. 5 00 B. P. Browne ...... 5 00 John R. Caldwell ...... 150 00 Mrs. Mary Banker ...... 5 00 F ra n k S. C lark ...... 10 00 J. M. Brow n ...... 100 00 W. Wendell Cleland ...... 50 00 M iss L en a S. B ro th ersto n . 25 00 Adam H. Cormack ...... 25 00 Mrs. C arrie M. B ro w n . . . . 10 00 Rev. J. G. Carson, D.D., Miss Elizabeth J. Bayha.. 4 00 LL.D ...... 5 00 Mrs. R. A. B ro w n...... 5 00 Mrs. Nellie Carrick ...... 25 Rev. J. W. Birnley, Ph.D. 5 00 Mae F. Coie ...... 5 00 M. L. B onner ...... 1 00 Miss Fannie A. Cleary.... 26 00 M. L. B a rr ...... 10 00 Thomas E. Carson ...... 5 00 S ara M. Bell ...... 5 00 James Carson ...... 100 00 S. W. Boyd ...... 10 00 M ary M. C lark ...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. P. C. B an- Mae Clarke ...... 10 00 field ...... 5 00 Percy L. Craig ...... 250 00 John Blakely ...... 1 00 Mrs. Percy L. Craig ...... 250 00 S. B., Grove C ity ...... 2 00 Sarah J. Campbell...... 5 00 R. L. Brownlee ...... 20 00 M. D. C., Oil City, P a. .. 70 00 M iss S. J. B uford ...... 10 00 Mrs. M argaret H. Cleland 200 00 Misses Mae and Margaret Lloyd Cleland ...... 10 00 B everidge ...... 35 00 J. P. Cameron ...... 200 00 Mrs. Eva L. Blake and W. T. Carmichael ...... 5 00 fam ily ...... 37 50 Mrs. W. N. Cowden...... 5 00 Miss Elizabeth J. Bell.... 5 00 Miss Henrietta Cowden .. 5 00 Miss Margaret Burnside.. 5 00 Ross Chappell ...... 12 00 Mrs. Ella F. Burnside.... 5 00 J. B. and N. L. Carson... 10 00 R uth M. B em is ...... 5 00 Miss Ethel Collins ...... 10 00 M rs. T. M. N ichol...... 5 00 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 293

John A. M cM orris ...... 10 00 Dr. B. R. McClellan's Mrs. S. E. McClintock and Bible Class, Second, Mary A. W hite ...... 20 00 Xenia, Ohio ...... 77 00 Rev. Dr. Geo. M cCor Mrs. Margaret McDowell 3 00 mick’s fam ily ...... 9 50 .7. A. M cClurg ...... 5 00 Mrs. Margaret Junk Mc Mrs. Sarah McIntyre . 2 00 Dowell ...... 100 00 Airs. W. J. M c M a rlin .... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. John McCoy 15 00 O rpha M. M c K itric k .... 25 00 M. J. M cCahon ...... 5 00 George McKitrick ...... 5 00 R. L. McFarland ...... 2 00 J. B. M cK itrick ...... 25 00 Mrs. Jas. H. McClure.. 5 00 John McKelvy ...... 50 00 Rev. W. H. McMaster, liev. and Mrs. Elbert L. P h.D ...... 10 00 M eCreery ...... 100 00 Miss Nellie D. McBride.. 2 00 J. Lawrence Montgomery 10 00 Misses Sarah and Emma Mrs. Sarah J. Morrison. . 10 00 McCoy ...... 5 00 John Mehaftey ...... 1 00 Mrs. Margaret McClure. . 1 00 Chas. M. M axwell ...... 15 00 B. M cClure ...... 1 00 Geo. S. M axwell ...... 10 00 Ralph W. McCreight. .. . 1 00 Miss Elizabeth Maxwell 10 00 Mrs. G. S. M cE w en. . . . G 00 Rev. R. J. Miller, D. D .. . 5 00 Mrs. Lou McArthur...... 1 00 Mrs. J. P. Matthews.... 4 00 Miss Mattie McArthur. . 1 00 Mrs. Josephine D. Martin 5 00 Miss Jessie McLennan.. 75 Mrs. J. C. Mitchell 5 00 Miss Annie J. McKee.... 5 00 Miss Emma Mabon .... 15 00 S. A. M cPherson ...... 5 00 Isaac F. Moore ...... 25 00 Mrs. E. McMillan ...... 10 00 Mrs. W. D. Morrow .... 5 00 Maggie A. and Jennie E. Miss Eva MacConnell .... 1 00 M c C o llam ...... 20 00 Mrs. A. Mickle ...... 2 00 Miss Nannie Mcllvain.... 3 00 W. A. M illigan ...... 1 00 Miss Katharine S. Mc- Mrs. J. M. M artin ...... 10 00 E lroy ...... 20 00 Mrs. Viola Mullian .... 1 00 Haller V. McCreight.... 1 00 M iss S. E. M a rs h a ll...... 1 00 Elizabeth McKnight .... 1 00 Mrs. Ada Dickey Means.. 5 00 Mrs. E. J. McWilliams.. 2 00 Mrs. T. M. M ilholland... 10 00 J. W. .McCallen ...... 5 00 T. M. M ilholland ...... 5 00 W. W. McCallen ...... 5 00 Miss Margaret E. Moore. 5 00 Miss Eleanor McKinley. . 10 00 Mrs. A. J. M iller ...... 1 00 Mrs. Martha McGinniss.. 1 00 Miss Martha Mehard .... I 00 A. T. McCormick ...... 5 00 Members of Jefferson Mrs. Alice McClure .... 10 00 Congregation, Baxter, Miss Lois McClure...... 10 00 P a ...... 3 00 Miss Helen W. McClure.. 10 00 Miss Maude Mitchell .... 5 00 Mrs. F. N. McClanahan.. 1 00 M iss M. L. M o o re .... 5 00 W. C. M cClure ...... 10 00 Jesse F. Mack ...... 25 00 Charles E. McGahan .... 10 00 Mrs. M. J. Maley ...... 1 00 Mrs. Mary McKinley .... 2 00 Peter Moffat ...... 10 00 Mrs. Lida J. McCutchen 100 00 Mrs. Ella Maxwell ...... 5 00 Mrs. Samuel McCain .... 5 00 Elizabeth Martin ...... 2 00 M iss M ary M. M cE lree.. 50 00 Mrs. Emma L. Munro. ... 1 00 Miss Margaret McClurkin 5 00 Miss Margaret J. Means. 2 00 Mrs. John S. M cK ee...... 10 00 Thos. Murray ...... Id 00 M iss M ary A. M cM anus. 10 00 Miss Blanche M ilne ...... 3 00 Dr. V. A. M cC lanahan.. 38 60 Miss Elizabeth Muir .... 10 00 Stewart and Constance Miss Zella W. Mitchell .. 5 00 McClanahan ...... 2i> S ara A. Moore ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. B. McClelland. .. 5 00 Miss Pauline Montgomery 1 00 Miss Jessie McMurray... 5 00 Miss M ary A. M artin Mr. and M rs. C. S. M c and Mrs. Josephine C reight ...... 4 00 Glass ...... 3 00 Mrs. W. J. McCreight.. 1 00 Members of Harmony, W. A. McMillen ...... 5 00 Pa., Congregation .... 50 00 Mrs. H. T. McLaughlin.. 15 00 Mizpah Class, Eighth, Mrs. S. A. M cCrea . . . . 1 0(f Pittsburgh, Pa., Sab Miss Belle McDonald.... 5 00 bath School...... 25 00 Mrs. John McCrory and Miss H elen M. Milne . . . . 1 00 d au g h ter ...... 7 00 Mrs. N. J. M a r ti n .... 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Mc Mrs. Nettie Moore ...... 5 00 Millen ...... 5 00 Miss Alice W. Mehaffey. . X 00 Rev. D. O. McCreight.... 5 00 Mrs. Libbie Morrow .... 50 00 John D. McKee ...... 30 00 Mrs. J. J. Moore ...... 10 00 W. McKinley ...... 1 00 L. B. M itchell ...... 25 00 John McLaughlin ...... 1 00 Thos. Moffett ...... 5 00 David McLaughlin ...... 1 00 Rev. and Mrs. M. B. M ax James McCulley ...... 1 00 well ...... 10 00 Mrs. C. H. M cC orm ick.. 2 00 Mrs. R. J. Miller ...... 5 00 Gladys McCormick ...... 2 00 Members of Woodlawn, M iss E m m a R. M cC lure.. 5 00 Pa., Congregation ...... 20 00 Mrs. Martha McCoy .... 5 00 E. C. Morley ...... 10 00 W. J. McDowell ...... 5 0i> W. R. Matthews ...... 6 00 Robert McGowan ...... bO 00 Miss S ara B. M orrow . . . . 5 Ou Mrs. Fannie McDowell.. 1 00 W. T. Martin ...... 5 0o Miss Mina McCleary ---- 50 Mrs. Margaret Moore .... 2 00 294 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Mt. Ayr, Iowa, Sabbath Miss Florence Porter ___ 1 oo School ...... 25 00 Thos. A. Purdy ...... 10 oo Miss Glenna Miller ...... 5 00 M rs. M. L. P a tte rs o n ----- 5 oo Mrs. S. J. Meek ...... 5 00 J. W. P a r k ...... 10 oo Mrs. Mary A. Mont Geo. L. Parrish ...... 1 oo gom ery ...... 2 00 W. L Patton ...... 10 oo Miss Emma R. Marshall.. 10 00 Mrs. Isabella Porter ...... 25 oo Mrs. Walter Miles ----- 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. Robt. M. Mrs. Edith J. Morton.... 10 00 P alm er ...... b 00 Mr. and Mrs. E. J. Miss Perry ...... 5 oo M ackey ...... 1 00 M rs. S. C. P e r ry ...... 3 00 Members of Oskaloosa, Misg Marian A. Paden.. 10 00 Iowa, Congregation ... 21 00 Mrs. Mary B. Philips___ 2 00 Mrs. Lizzie Moore ...... 5 00 Mrs. Wm. Petrie and A. Milligan ...... 10 00 d au g h ter ...... 11 00 Rev. A. R. Munford’s M rs. J. S. P o rte r ...... 5 00 Bible Class, College Merle E. Pinkerton ...... 10 00 Springs, Iowa ...... 100 00 Mrs. J. W. Pry ...... 25 00 Mrs. Herman D. Miller.. 3 25 Mrs. Amanda H. Porter.. 10 00 Mrs. H. P. Meeds...... 2 00 H. T. Patterson ...... 5 10 Miss Emma Mustard.... 2 00 Rev. Robt. J. Picken.... 5 00 Mrs. W. T. Moffet...... 5 00 Jas Porter ...... 5 00 Jennie R. Moffet...... 5 00 Effie L. Porter ...... 1 00 Jas. Maxwell ...... 5 00 Bina Porter...... 1 00 S. L oran M oore...... 1 00 A. W. P ollock ...... 25 00 John A. M a rtin ...... 2 00 Mrs. Charlotte Ida Park 5 00 J. M. M ean s...... 3 00 Mrs. Sarah J. Patterson. 5 00 Members of Clannda, Mrs. T. B. P o r t e r ...... 25 00 Iowa, Congregation ... 8 50 W. L. P a r k ...... 5 00 Miss Lillie J Martin ...... 10 00 Robinson Paul .. 25 00 5Dr. E. R. M ontzingo...... 4 00 Mr. and Mrs. Philips...... 5Dr. 00 L. W. Miller...... 25 00 Misses Ada B. and Clara Miss Nellie Manner’s Sab P h ilip s ...... 12 50 bath School Class, Miss Laura Pinkerton.... 1 00 Crawfordsville, Iowa... 5 00 J. Mason Prugh ...... 15 00 Miss Bertha Mercer...... 10 00 Mrs. J. W. Parks Sabbath Missionary Society High School Class, Kirkwood, land Church, New Cas 111...... 5 00 tle, P a ...... 15 00 Jas. Palmer ...... 1 00 Mrs. Geo. M. M iller...... 3 00 Primary Dept., Grove Miss S. Myrtle Megchel- City, Pa., Sabbath sen’s Sabbath School School ...... 25 00 C lass ...... 17 00 Practical Helper ...... 1,000 00 Members of Second Wm. R. Paterson ...... 5 00 Church, Washington, Miss Marie Peden ...... 2 00 p a ...... 7 5u Rev. C. A. Pollock...... 2 00 R P Matthews...... 5 00 Mrs. R. L. Pollock...... 3 Ou Mrs Milton ...... 50 Mrs. Ella A. Purdv ...... 1 00 Mrs. Moore's Sabbath Chas. A. Paisley ...... 5 00 School Class, Second, W . S. P in k e rto n ...... 2 00 M ercer, P a ...... 10 00 Mrs. W. S. Pollock...... 1 00 Member of Robinson mm, Rev. and Mrs. W. L Pat McDonald, Pa ...... 2 30 terso n ...... 5 00 Hugh R. Morton, E. E. J. A. Punteney ...... 10 00 Morton, Rev. R. E. Wil P o stag e ...... 02 kin, Mrs. Anna Hamil Rev. W. C. Porter refund 83 33 ton, Anna Wyatt, H. Mr. and Mrs. J. N. Red- W. Wyatt, Ettie Mor p a th ...... 10 oo ton and W. W. Blair.. 25 00 Mrs. Jas. Rankin and M rs. W . C. N ichol...... 5 00 Miss Mary Rankin ...... 2 00 Mr. and Mrs. Will Nelson 5 00 Rev. J. A. Ren wick, D.D. 5 00 Mrs. E. Neel ...... 10 00 Mrs. J. S. R obinson...... 2 00 Mrs. Eva N. Noble...... 10 00 Helen Roe ...... 1 00 Mrs. M ary C. N ev in ...... 50 00 Rev. W. G. Robertson ___ 10 00 Leonard L. Nesbit ...... 1 00 Rev. A. R. Rankin ...... 1 00 Edw J Noble...... 20 00 Rev. H Rabb ...... 10 00 15H. M. N e a l...... 15 00 M iss C arrie M. R e ed ___ 15H. 00 C. T. N. Class, Tenth, Mrs. Rachel C. Robinson. 3 00 Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 5 00 T. H. Robinson ...... 5 00 Mrs. E. Nesbit...... 2 00 John B. Robinson...... 5 00 Miss Elizabeth M. Neel.. 50 00 M rs. M. C. R eaves and R. J. Nicell...... 10 00 friends ...... 14 00 Geo. S. Neal...... 1 00 Jennie Robertson ...... 1 00 A. Nickle...'...... 10 00 Samuel Reid ...... 5 00 Miss Flora Nullmeyer... 5 00 J. I. Reaney ...... 1 00 Mrs. Hetty H. Neeld 50 00 "W G Raines ...... 2 00 Rev. J. P. Nesbit, D.D... 1 00 C. L. R eed ...... 10 00 Rev. D. Nicoll...... 5 00 E. K. Rankin ...... 3 00 Miss Edith O’Neill...... 5 00 Miss Mattie Reed ...... 5 00 Mrs. Thos. Osborn...... ■ 2 00 Mrs S H Rees...... 5 00 G. P e te r s o n ...... 1 00 Mrs. J. M. R am sey...... 1 00 Mies Jennie H. Poole----- 6 00 M rs. R. C. R obison ...... 7 00 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. -95 Miss Grace L. Robertson Miss Lena Shield’s Sab and M o th e r ...... 7 00 bath School Class, Sec Miss Lizzie A. B. Rea... 5 00 ond, New Wilmington, Miss Mary A. Ross...... 10 00 P a ...... 17 00 Misses Jennie and Mary W. W. Shantz ...... 10 00 R ogers ...... 3 00 Mrs. Mary Service...... 5 00 Miss E lizabeth C. R idge. . 4 00 Several Members, First, Mrs. E. Ritchie ...... 1 00 Pittsburg, Kansas ___ 50 00 Mrs. W. D. Rogers...... 2 00 W. ,W. Stewart ...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Ram Sabbath School, West sey ...... 10 00 49th St., Los Angeles, M rs. W m . M. R iddle ... 7 00 ht ...... 10 50 Dr. M. C. R am aley...... 5 00 Mrs. W. W. Saunders... 10 00 Mrs. Anna H. Russell... 1 00 Miss Golden Smith ...... 5 00 Mrs. E. C. R idge ...... 2 00 W. L. and Mary Simpson. 5 00 J. B. Reynolds ...... 1 00 Mrs. R. P. Salton ...... 1 00 Mrs. E. Ritchey ...... 2 00 E. M. Shontz...... 10 00 Rev. D. A. R u ssell...... 5 00 Sabbath School Class No. Miss Anna J. Robb...... 5 00 1, Greensburg, Pa. ... 14 65 M rs. G. W. R o e ...... 1 00 Mrs. M. A. and Miss Mr. and Mrs. Frank Rich Clara Shillito ...... 10 00 ard s ...... 2 00 Miss E. R. Stevenson ___ 3 00 Mrs. Elizabeth Redpath.. 5 00 Dr. Nellie Slaght...... 1 00 Mrs. Elvira Reisinger... 1 00 Second, Chicago, 111., Sab A. Fione Rodgers...... 1 50 bath School ...... GO 00 Miles Robinson ...... 5 00 Mrs. T. R. Stevens...... 2 00 Miss Nettie Robertson... 10 00 Mrs. Mary K. Stewart. .. 2 00 S. G. R obertson ...... 1 00 Emma Shepherd ...... 50 Miss Rena Roe ...... 5 00 Miss Edna F. Sutton... 2 00 Miss Jeannette Ralston.. 5 00 Miss S. Eleanor Sawver. 50 00 J. F. Rolf ...... 4 00 J. Alex. Stott ...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Ross 5 00 S. F. S te w a rt...... 10 00 Miss Jessie Simpson...... 10 00 C. H. Stoehr ...... 5 00 Hon. J. H. Stavely ...... 25 00 W. S. S m ith ...... 2 00 Mrs. Lizzie J. Steele...... 5 00 Second, Mercer, Pa., Sab M rs. A. H. S m ith ...... 5 00 bath School ...... 21S 00 W. A. Shryock ...... 2 00 Several Members of West Miss Jeannette Swearing- 44th St., New York ___ 10 50 e r ...... 10 00 J. 0. Springer...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. Harry Several Members of First. Souder ...... 10 00 Detroit, Mich...... 50 00 F. N. Seigel ...... 50 00 Mrs. Jean S. Sands...... 10 00 Miss Elizabeth Stotts.... 5 00 Mrs. C. H. and Miss Vera Mr. and Mrs. A. C. Sm ith 5 00 S trong ...... 5 00 Mrs. Josephine Seville... 16 00 R. M. S lo an ...... 3 00 Mrs. Swasy ...... 1 00 Mrs. C. C. S tu rg e o n ...... 5 00 Miss Nettie Swasy ...... 1 00 Miss Floy Steele ...... 1 00 Mrs. Fred Sebring...... 10 00 Albert Taylor ...... 1 00 Miss Letitia Shannon... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. Herbert M. Mr. and Mrs. H. E. Strain 10 00 T ate ...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Sines 2 00 Mrs. R. B. Timmons. .. . 5 00 W m. G. S m ith ...... 5 00 Mrs. Ella Thursby ...... 1 00 Mrs. A. L. S m ith ...... 3 00 Mrs. A. L. Thompson.... 1 00 Ja y C. S tau ffer...... 10 00 Miss Eva B. Thompson. . 10 00 Mrs. H. M. S h aw ...... 50 00 Mrs. M. M. T hom pson.. 5 00 Sabbath School Class, Miss Nellie L. Tripps.... 2 00 First, New Concord, M. Lee T hom pson...... 2 00 Ohio ...... 13 11 Miss Ella L. Thompson.. 5 00 Mrs. U. Springer...... 5 00 Mrs. Eliza J. Thomas.. 3 00 Miss Mattie J. Smith.... 20 00 W. Telford ...... 5 00 George E. Smith ...... 2 00 M iss R. D. T a g g a rt...... 25 00 J. W. Sands...... 5 00 Tenth and General Col Miss A nna M. S h an e ___ 10 00 lections per Miss Hen R. M. S h a n e ...... 10 00 ' rietta Cowden ...... 11 7S S. S. S m ith ...... 20 00 Miss S. M. T hom pson.. . 1 00 Rev. and Mrs. A. J. Three Friends, Butler, Seigle ...... 5 00 P a ...... 14 00 Misses Phoebe and urace Miss J. Louise Thomas. .. 2 00 S peer ...... 20 00 C. C. T hom pson...... 5 00 Mrs. M ary G. S te w a r t... 25 00 Miss Belle Thompson___ 5 00 Joseph M. S a p p ...... 5 00 Mrs. Threlkeld’s Sabbath Several Contributors of School Class, Greelev, Greeley, Colo...... 17 50 Colo...... 1 25 School Teacher and Sis Three Friends from New ter, West Middletown, berry, Ind ...... 5 00 P a ...... 5 00 L. R. Thomson and a Misses Jennie E. and An friend ...... 10 00 n a M. Shaw ...... 3 00 Two Friends, Washing Miss Augusta Schmaltz.. 2 00 ton, I o w a ...... 5 00 Sabbath School, Bear Two Ladies of Beaumont, Creek, Colo...... 6 00 Cal., Congregation ...... 4 00 W. A. S m ith ...... 10 00 Miss Bertha Tinning ...... 5 00 296 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Miss Jennie P. Wallace.. 2 00 T orrence ...... 10 00 Mrs. A. D. Wilhite ...... 2 00 Two Members, Albia, Mrs. J. P. Walker...... 5 00 Iowa, Congregation___ 5 00 Miss Maggie A. Wolf.... 5 00 Two Friends, Topeka, Rachel Wilson...... 25 00 K a n s...... 2 00 ' Mrs. M ary A. W oods...... 10 00 The Live Wires Sabbath Mr. and Mrs. C. J. W ill. . 5 00 School Class, Walton, Mr. and Mrs. John Wat K a n s...... 10 00 son ...... 5 00 Miss Faye Taylor...... 5 00V V Matthew Wilson . . 7...... 10 00 David Thorburn ...... 10 00 Dr. and Mrs. W. J. Wil Three Friends • from son ...... 10 00 Scotch Ridge, Ohio.... 25 00 Miss Florence B. Wilson. 9 00 Two Sabbath School Mrs. D. L. Wilson...... 3 00 Classes, Unity, Pa ...... 25 00 H. S. W estb ro o k ...... 10 00 Thank Offering ...... 50 00 Willing Workers’ Bible Mrs. Luella Tidrick ...... 5 00 Class, Hickory, Pa ...... 15 00 Toronto, Ohio, Sabbath John walker ...... 5 00 School ...... 10 00 Mrs. M. E. Williams...... 3 00 Rev. Marvin John Thomp Mr. and Mrs. C. J. White 500 son, D.D...... 2 50 Miss Bernice Woodburn. 10 00 B. H. Voris ...... 10 00 Miss Ina Pearl William Mr. and M rs. C. O. V ance 10 00 son ...... 10 00 Miss Lina Vaughn ...... 3 00 W. M. S., Winfield, Iowa. 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. Thomas W. Miss Minnie G. White.... 15 00 Williamson ...... 15 00 Mrs. Martha A. W elch... 10 00 Women’s Bible Class, S. M. W rig h t...... 2 00 First, Sewickley, Pa... . 50 00 M iss M aria E. C. Y ost. .. . 5 00 W. M. S., First, St. Louis, Y. P. C. U., Claysville, Mo...... 10 00 P a ...... 5 00 Mrs. H. M. W etmore.... 1 50 Y. P. C. U., Florida, P a t- W. M. S., Garnett Pres tersonville, N. Y...... 20 00 bytery, per Women’s Y. P. C. U., E a s t Brook, Board ...... 21 00 P a ...... 17 13 Misses Ida and Nelle Y. P. C. U., D alton, Ohio 5 00 W allace ...... 5 00 Y. P. C. U., B urchard, Misses Agnes and Matilda N eb...... 11 00 W ish art ...... 5 00 Young Ladies’ O. A. B. Rev. J. H. White, D.D... 500 Class, Peters Creek, Mrs. Fannie E. Wasson.. 100 00 Venetia, Pa ...... 5 00 Mrs. Mary Warnock ...... 5 00 Y. P. C. U., Indianola, la. 25 00 Miss Fannie W arnock. ... 5 00 Y. P. C. U., Jam estow n, Miss Jane Warnock ...... 5 00 Ohio ...... 10 2b Lillian A. Wallace...... 6 00 Y. P. C. U., W est 49th Miss Barbara N. Wam- St., Los Angeles, Cal. 5 00 bold ...... 5 00 Mrs. Samuel E. Young.. 200 00 Mrs. M. E. Walker...... 2 00 Y. P. C. U., Oxford, P a ... 2 50 Mrs. M ary M. W e ir...... 5 00 Y. P. C. U., Second. T. W eir ...... 5 00 Washington, Pa ...... 10 00 Miss Elizabeth W hite ... 2 00 Y. P. C. U., E ighth, P h il Mrs. W. C. Williamson... 103 00 adelphia, Pa ...... 5 00 Miss Stella Wilkin ...... 3 00 Rev. and Mrs. A. L. Yar- John W ork ...... 2 00 nelle ...... 10 00 Mrs. Ellen W hite ...... 12 00 Mrs J Young...... 5 00 M rs. R. C. W a g n e r...... 1 00 Y. P. C. U., F o u rth , M iss E lla M. W ie r...... 15 00 Cleveland, Ohio ...... 40 00 T. P. Wilson ...... 6 00 Y. P. C. U., H anover, 111. 20 00 Mr. and Mrs. S. P. Wil Young Women’s Bible liam son ...... 6 00 Class, First, Indiana, Mrs. W. A. Walker...... 10 00 P a ...... 20 00 J. S. W illiam s...... 15 00 Y. P. C. U., W in terset, la. 50 00 R. L. W ra y ...... 3 00 Y. P. C. U., F irst, X enia, Mrs. Martha M. Whitten Ohio ...... 6 70 and daughter ...... 15 00 Y. P. C. U., Big Spring, W. M. S., Richmond, Ohio 10 00 Newville, Pa ...... 17 00 Mrs. E. K. Weir...... 5 00 Y. P. C. U., P ittsb u rg , W. M. S., Second, Wash K a n s...... 5 00 ington, P a ...... 10 00 Y. P. C. U., E u rek a, Tex. 5 45 J. A. and M. E. W right.. 25 00 Y. W. M. S., Grove City, Rev. John A. Wilson, D.D. 25 00 P a ...... 31 00 Miss May W inter...... 10 00 Y. W. M. S., F o rt M or Miss Edna Woods...... 2 00 gan, Colo...... 15 00 S. H. W h itle y ...... 1 00 Young Women’s Bible Miss Harriet S. W ilson.. 1 00 Class, Indiana, Pa ...... 2 00 R. H. Williams...... 10 00 Y. P. C. U., New K ing Dr. W; J. Wilson, Jr ...... 10 00 ston, N. Y...... 10 00 Mrs. W. W. Willis...... 2 00 Y. P. C. U., Second, To Mrs. Martha W hite ...... 5000 peka, Kans...... 15 00 Miss Martha B. W arden.. 100 00 Y. P. C. U., Tenth, Pitts Miss Alice F. W arden.... 100 00 burgh, P a ...... 5 00 Miss Elizabeth M. Warden 100 00 Y. P. C. U., Colum bus Ben T. Welch ...... 50 00 City, Iowa ...... 116 25 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 2gy

From Congregations:— Mission Creek, Liberty, First, Altoona, Pa ...... 23 21 N eb...... 7 u 00 Sand Hill, Ohio...... 50 (Ml Second, Philadelphia, Pa. t;o 00 Big Spring, Tenn ...... 0 00 M ays, In d ...... 17 50 Richmond, Kansas, from Lower Chanceford, Mud Rev. J. D. L y tle ...... 5 00 dy Creek Forks, Pa.... 5 00 T. B. Kelsey ...... 1 00 F irst, X enia, O hio... 127 10 M. R. Dick ...... 2 00 Hopewell, Kelso, Tenn... 12 f>!s D. R. H u tch iso n ...... 25 00 Freeport, Pa ...... 15 00 Mr. and Mrs. S. McCrea 5 00 Stone Valley, McAlevys Sheakleyville, Pa ...... 6 00 F o rt, P a ...... 28 oo Fairview, Ohio...... 1C 00 Paxton, 111...... 33 81 Pleasant Hill, Ohio...... 3 75 New K ingston, N. Y____ 50 55 First, Columbus, Ohio. .. . 35 00 Third, St. Louis, Mo...... 5 00 lied Oak, Iowa...... 534 00 College Corner, Ohio...... 22 13 Winfield, Iowa...... 10 00 Aspinwall, Pa ...... 31 60 Seaman, Ohio ...... 6 61 Goldfield, Iowa...... 35 00 Roney’s Point, W. Va... 41 00 Center Ridge, Iowa...... 1G 00 Third, Spokane, W ash... . 6 50 Pleasant Lawn, Iowa. ... 10 26 Fourth, Allegheny, Pa ___ 5 00 Sewickley, Pa ...... 322 00 Second, New Wilmington, Belle Center, Ohio..... 38 40 P a ...... 10 00 Second, New Concord. North Hill, Akron, Ohio. . 11 12 Ohio ...... 15 00 North Philadelphia, Pa... 52 00 Boulevard, Philadelphia, Coila, N. Y...... 41 00 P a ...... 28 86 Ninth, Monmouth, 111...... 89 00 Morning Sun, Iowa...... 20 15 College Springs, IoWa... 91 10 Morning Sun, Ohio...... 89 31 St. Clair, Mt. Lebanon, Second, Spokane, Wash.. 3 00 P a ...... 67 00 Johnstow n, P a ...... 25 00 Unity, Ohio ...... 16 00 Pasadena, Cal...... 100 00 Second, Chicago, 111...... 91 17 Woodlawn, Pa ...... 33 00 Som onauk, 111...... 60 00 W alton, N. Y...... 368 5C Carrollton, Ohio ...... 23 25 Florida, Pattersonville, N. Broadway, Bellingham, Y...... 17 00 W ash ...... 1 95 Barnet Center, Vt...... 12 50 $19,347 66 First, Spokane, Wash ...... 19 00 SI' DAN BOAT FUND. From Sabbath Schools: Poland Ave., Struthers, Stafford, Kans...... $8 43 Ohio ...... 125 00 Summerfield, Kans...... 16 00 Liberty, Hubbard, Ohio.. 47 11 Mt. Varnum, Pa ...... 3 00 F irst, Buffalo, N. Y...... 18 57 Second, Brooklyn, N. Y.. . 37 66 Buena Vista, Pa ...... 15 00 Second, New York, N. Y. 16 62 Elizabeth, Pa ...... 23 61 Marissa, 111...... 25 00 Parma, Idaho ...... 14 19 Sixth, Allegheny, Pa ...... 45 00 Second, Allegheny, Pa ___ 200 00 Tenth, Allegheny, Pa.... 165 00 Tarentum, Pa ...... 25 00 Coila, N. Y...... 37 25 First, Columbus, Ohio.... 12 00 Lyndon, Kans...... 8 57 Wheatland, 111...... 95 00 Piper City, 111...... 41 98 Superior, Neb...... 48 51 Kansas City, Kans...... 22 00 First, East Liverpool, First, Topeka, Kans...... 30 00 Ohio ...... 60 00 Guthrie, Okla...... 20 56 New Kingston, N. Y...... 3 05 Ben Avon, Pa ...... 2 00 North Yakima, Wash...... 15 00 Elmira, 111...... 1 50 Lower Chanceford, Air- Glade Park, Colo...... 2 25 ville, P a ...... 6 00 Tenth, Philadelphia, Pa.. 14 39 The Cove, McConne.'l.;- Unity, Ohio...... 33 05 burg, P a ...... 4 59 Lebanon, Pa ...... 20 00 First. Cleveland. Ohio... 25 35 Caledonia, N. Y...... 9 15 Gibson Heights, St. Cuylerville, N. Y...... 9 00 Louis, Mo...... 5 59 Franklinville, N. Y...... 59 98 Idana, Kans...... 2 00 Jamestown, Ohio ...... 9 76 Sixth, Pittsburgh, Pa.. . 50 00 Mt. Ayr, la ...... 25 00 Thompsonville, Conn...... 31 00 Duffsville, Pa ...... 25 00 First, St. Louis, Mo...... 17 20 U nity, P a ...... 125 00 South Sharon. Farrell, Lincoln Ave., Pittsburgh, P a ...... 6 49 P a ...... 18 50 Huntsville, Ohio ...... 6 74 Noblestown, Pa ...... 24 00 Salem, Lebanon, Ind.... 6 35 Oxford, Ohio...... 4 00 East Mansfield, Ohio...... 15 00 A m oret, Mo...... 2 60 Fairhill, Philadelphia, Winchester, Kans...... 37 20 P a ...... 26 20 Shearersburg, Pa ...... 1 00 Oxford, P a ...... 5 38 Vallery, Colo...... 14 00 Tioga Tabernacle, Phila Manhattan, Kans...... 22 77 delphia, Pa ...... 5 00 Fifth, Chicago, 111...... 35 00 Covington, Lin wood, N. First, Gary, Ind ...... 3 52 T...... 25 00 Somonauk, 111...... 145 72 Cedarwood, Fort Morgan, Mahoning, Rochester Colo...... 5 00 Mills, P a ...... 17 00 Erskine, Bad Axe, Mich. 2 77 298 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Sandy, New Wilmington, Carnahan Creek, Kans... 7 86 P a ...... 1 09 First, Omaha, Neb...... 45 73 Shenago, Hartstown, Pa.. 2 75 Ninth Ave., Monmouth, Utica, New Wilmington, 111...... 129 75 P a ...... 7 80 Sidney, Ohio ...... 6 60 49 50 Conw ay, P a ...... 20 00 Sidney, Ohio ...... 2 00 Third, Des Moines, Iowa 4 00 B ethel, W estm oreland R iverside, Cal...... 1 00 Presbytery ...... 8 00 Santa Ana, Cal...... 13 00 Latrobe, Pa ...... 23 00 Frankfort Springs, Pa... 8 00 New Alexandria, Pa. ... 35^ New Bethlehem, New Norwich, New Concord, Sterling, Kans...... 5 00 Ohio ...... 31 62 Robinson, Bulger, Pa ...... 25 00 3 00 20 00 8 0u 10 78 20 00 81 71 15 77 16 00 35 37 10 00 Bellevue, Pa ...... 40 37 Monroe, Iowa ...... 5 00 Mt. Nebo, Bellevue, Pa... 2 13 Four Mile, Beaver, Pa... 10 01 Valencia, Pa ...... 90 26 Second, New Castle, Pa.. 14 30 Bear Creek, Hatton, Oakdale, 111...... 14 64 K a n s...... 15 30 Cutler, 111...... 1 1 67 32 67 22 87 Princeton, Ind ...... 26 00 7 IS Scotland, Somerville, Ind. 10 92 Murray, Neb...... 3 00 Mrs. Maxwell’s Class, Townsville, Henderson, Saundersville, M ass----- 3 00 N. C...... 5 50 Mrs. A. E. Clappertons’ Lewistown, Pa ...... 37 00 Class, Saundersville, The Cove, McConnells- M ass...... 2 50 burg, P a...... 3 58 In g ram , P a ...... 18 00 Living Lake, Iowa ...... 5 25 Shadyside, Pittsburgh, West Alexander, Pa ...... 20 00 P a ...... 28 00 Unity, St. Clairsville, Ohio 28 10 Second, Wilkinsburg, Pa. 17 94 Buena Vista, Pa ...... 37 00 Saltsburg, Pa ...... 20 00 Second, Cambridge, Ohio. 50 00 27 31 17 05 Ensworth, Pa ...... 110 90 Central Falls, R. I ...... 28 00 Sew ickley, P a ...... 40 00 Harmony, Harrisville, Pa. 15 00 Wharton Square, Phila., Economy, Pa ...... 10 00 P a ...... 33 00 Highland, New Castle, B oston, P a ...... 54 90 P a ...... 53 04 First, McKeesport, Pa.... 87 00 New Brighton, Pa ...... 56 60 Salem, N. T ...... 22 39 Morea, Duncanville, 111.. 3 50 Shushan, N. T ...... 50 00 Grand Ave., St. Louis, Conneaut Lake, Pa ...... 1 2 00 Mo...... 71 23 Peebles, Ohio ...... 10 00 Central, Omaha, NeD...... 6 40 Blair, Okla ...... 2 55 10 03 8 36 5 00 55 00 13 50 Mission Creek, Neb...... 38 40 Red Oak, Iowa ...... 30 00 Second, Providence, R. 1. 11 25 St. Joseph, Mo...... 10 00 Wilmington, Del...... 2 00 Tingley, Iowa ...... 4 07 Alliance, Ohio ...... 25 00 Albia, Iowa ...... 26 00 Stowe, Akron, Ohio...... 2 25 Chariton, Iowa ...... 3 00 Milroy Presbyterian, Mil- Military Ave., Detroit, roy, In d ...... 16 82 M ich...... 1 1 50 Belle Center, Ohio...... 56 10 Fourth, Portland, Ore... 12 00 80 00 15 00 Brookville Presbytery... 47 69 Barnet Center, Vt...... 5 00 Plain Grove, Pa ...... 40 06 Lisbon, N. Y...... 45 76 Britton Ave., Braddock, Alexis, 111...... 9 06 P a ...... 8 00 Elmira, 111...... 54 00 First, Dayton, Ohio...... 26 25 Henderson, Monmouth, Pasadena, Cal...... 10 00 111...... 12 19 Monongahela, Pa ...... 10 00 West Side, Monmouth, 111. 31 69 1 00 32 00 Boy Bible Class, Greeley, Andes, N. Y...... 24 70 Colo...... 5 00 Roney’s Point, W. Va---- 5 00 20 00 12 00 42 00 16 00 15 00 3 31 76 00 7 54 North Shenango, Pa ...... 28 80 First, Akron, Ohio...... 6 25 Mexico, P a ...... 14 50 Guinston, Muddy Creek Mt. Hope, Avella, Pa ...... 10 00 F o rk s, P a ...... 2 50 First, Seattle, Wash ...... 28 62 Arkansas City, Kans...... 5 00 Bloomfield, New Concord, West Side, Monmouth, 111. 10 74 Ohio ...... 1 1 00 New Jefferson, Scio, Ohio 3 00 35 From Congregations: Ell wood City, Pa ...... 25 00 2 18 247 71 Putnam, N. Y...... 34 00 Vallery, Colo...... 14 00 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 299

Traer, Iowa, from May L. C ash ...... 50 M aynard ...... 1 00 C. A. R oessing ...... 1 00 David Clark ...... 5 00 David Finney ...... 1 00 Pearl Crawford ...... 1 00 First, Columbus, Ohio, J. W. Young ...... 2 00 from Mr. and Mrs. J. W. G. M cCorm ack ...... 5 00 W. Lawrence ...... 10 00 Alice Pratt ...... 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. S. Crees 5 00 Cash ...... 1 00 Americus, Kans., from John Sutherland ...... 1 00 W. H. Edmiston ...... 1 00 L. J. M cCorm ack ...... 1 00 Miss Fannie Herbert .... 1 00 Ella Clark ...... 5 00 Miss Ethel E. Kerr ... 1 00 Mrs. Robert Whannel .... 2 00 S. S. K err ...... 1 50 Cash ...... 2 00 Cash ...... 1 50 Mrs. H. W. Stevenson.... 50 Florida, Pattersonville, Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Farna- N. Y., from Rev. and han ...... 2 00 Mrs. F. W. McKee___ 2 00 W. E. G erry ...... 1 00 First, Columbus, Ohio, M. Sloss ...... 10 Ou from Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Brow n ...... 5 00 Robert Livingston .... 100 00 Mrs. T. H. Melville...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. C. O. Troy, Mich., from Mrs. Martindill ...... 5 00 A berly ...... 5 00 Franklinville, N. Y., from W. J. McClure ...... 1 00 M em bers ...... 42 00 Mrs. Robert Crombie and Rev. Robt. A. Biggerstaff 5 00 fam ily ...... 5 00 Martha E. Tinning .... 3 00 Burlington, Wash., from J. W. Gordon ...... 5 00 E. L. Wilson ...... 1 00 J. D. Case ...... 3 00 C. H alsey ...... 1 00 J. Taylor ...... 5 Ou Dois Clark ...... 1 00 Tabernacle, Youngstown, Alta Hathaway ...... 50 Ohio, from Mrs. Smith T. W. Kernaghan ...... 1 00 C raw ford ...... 10 00 S. R. P in k e r to n ...... 2 50 W. P. Wiegering, D.D.S.. 5 00 J. A. P in k erto n ...... 1 00 Mrs. J. M. D ickson . . . . 5 00 Atlantic Ave., McKees Geo. Alexander ...... 5 00 port, Pa., from Wilda Mrs. Jennie M. K ennedy 2 00 S m i t h ...... 1 00 Rev. John Heslip ...... 10 00 Howard Finney ...... 1 00 Tarentum, Pa., from Rev. Miss Bozart ...... 50 J. A. Cosby ...... 2 00 Virginia Latta ...... 1 00 Mrs. W. N. Wylie ...... 1 00 E. A. Sm ith ...... 1 00 The Copeland Fam ily.... 10 00 John Miller ...... 1 00 Miss Margaret Blaney... 2 0o Mrs. E. A. S m i t h ...... 1 00 Nan Thompson ...... 1 no Porter Finney ...... 25 Robert Finney ...... 1 00 $35.508 82 SPECIAL FUND FOR DR. T. A. LAMBIE. Y. P. C. U., Second, New Eighth, Pittsburgh, Pa. York, N. Y...... $59 00 Cong...... 25 00 Mrs. R. M. R u ssell 25 00 $109 00 SPEC IA L FU N D FO R PRO F. C. S. BELL. St. Clair, Pa., Congrega Miss S arah A nd erso n ----- 25 00 tion ...... $257 00 Aspinwall, Pa., Sabbath Women’s Missionary So School ...... 25 00 ciety, Fourth, Pitts Mrs. Chas. E. Dinkey... 25 00 burgh, P a ...... 100 00 Bellevue, Pa., Sabbath Bloomington, Ind., Sab School ...... 25 00 bath School...... 52 37 Mrs. Caws’ Bible Class. Mrs. George M. Paden. 50 00 Eighth, Allegheny, Pa. 18 75 Knoxville, Tenn., Congre Y. P. C. U., W heatland, g ation ...... 50 00 111...... 10 00 D. S. Thomson’s Bible Bloomington, Ind., Con Class, Eighth, Alle gregation ...... 4 15 gheny, P a ...... 37 50 Rev. H. J. Bell ...... 25 00 $704 77 S PE C IA L FO R N E W M ISSIO N A R IES, 1911-1912. Shadyside, Pittsburgh, Y. P. C. U., F irst, Slip Pa., Congregation ...... $1,330 00 pery Rock, Pa ...... 56 00 Third, Des Moines, la., Y. P. C. U., U nion, Pa. 40 75 Messrs. Bogle Bros. ... 600 00 Y. P. C. II., W hite Oak Congregation ...... 350 00 Springs, Pa ...... 35 00 First, Des Moines, la. Y. P. C. U., W est L iberty, Congregation ...... 188 50 P a ...... 30 00 Grove City, Pa., Congre Y. P. C. U., W est Sun- gation ...... 130 00 bury, P a ...... 25 00 Tarkio, Mo., Congregation 69 00 Third, Seattle, Wash., Y. P. C. U., F airview Cong...... 35 00 P a ...... 64 00 300 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Y. P. C. U., H arm ony, Y. P. C. U., Zelienople, P a ...... 21 50 P a ...... 10 Oft Y. P. C. U., Clinton, P a. 16 00 Second, Chicago, 111., Y. P. C. U., E au Claire, Congregation ...... 5 00 P a ...... 13 00 Y. P. C. U., S lippery *d,018 7b Rock Boro, Pa ...... 10 00 SPEC IA L N E W M ISSIO N A RIES’ FU N D , 1914-1915. A three-year-old girl.... $10 00 A Friend, College Corner, J. L. Armstrong ...... 5 00 Ohio ...... 5 00 A. D. Acheson ...... 5 00 A Friend ...... 5 00 A member of Crawford - James and Mary Ander ville, la ...... 2 00 son ...... 5 00 A F rien d ...... 1 50 A. B. A nderson ...... 5 00 Mrs. T. R. Aikin ...... 25 00 A Mite for the Young A F rie n d ...... 67 00 Missionaries ...... 50 Anonymous V...... 3 00 Anonymous, Chatauqua, M. Emma and Elsie H. N. Y...... 5 00 A dair ...... 20 00 A Friend of Missions, Mrs. S. G. A rm s tro n g .... f, 00 Butler, Pa ...... 1 00 A Friend of Missions, A Friend, Piper City, 111. 5 00 Wilkinsburg, Pa ...... 50 00 A Friend, Marissa, 111.. . 50 Miss Nellie Armstrong.. 5 00 A Friend, Olathe, Kans... 3 00 A F rien d ...... 50 00 A Friend, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1 00 Miss Eva Adams ...... 10 00 A Friend, Pittsburgh, Pa. 10 00 A Friend, Lawrence, John H. Ammon ...... 5 00 M ass...... 500 A Friend, Monmouth, 111. 1 00 Joseph M. A ikin, M .D ... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. A. Albert Melville Allen ...... 5 00 A llen ...... 10 00 A F rien d ...... 5 00 Margaret Armstrong ... 5 00 A F rien d ...... 10 00 Anonymous, Troy, N. Y. 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. George Anonymous, Pittsburgh, Aikin ...... 10 00 P a ...... 2 00 Miss Sallie Aikin ...... 500 A Friend ...... 10 00 A Friend of Missions.... 3 00 John P. Aikin ...... 10 00 Rev. and Mrs. W. H. A Friend, White Cottage, A nderson ...... 15 00 Ohio ...... 18 00 J. M. A nderson ...... 10 00 Anonymous, Pittsburgh, A Friend, Keokuk, la... 2000 Pa ...... 5 00 A Friend, Alva, Okla... 200 Anonymous, Mercer, Pa. 100 A Friend, Knoxville, Chas. J. Anderson ...... 5 00 T enn...... 5 00 A Friend, Lyndon, Kans. 5 00 J. C. A llison ...... 5 00 A Friend of Foreign Mis A F rien d ...... 5 00 sions, Pittsburgh, Pa... 50 00 A Well Wisher ...... 1 00 A Friend, Johnstown, Pa. 1 00 A Friend, Greensburg, Pa. 3 00 A Friend of Missions, A F rien d ...... 2 00 Burgettstown, Pa ...... 5 00 A Friend of Missions. ... 15 00 Miss Florence Atchison .. 1 00 Miss Margery L. Allisoii 10 00 A Friend, Princeton, Ind. 3 00 Anonymous, Bellefon- A Mother, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1 00 taine, Ohio ...... 2 00 Anonymous, Baltimore, Miss Sarah J. Armstrong 100 00 M d...... 50 00 Miss Dora E. Allen .... 5 00 Anonymous, Stamford, A Friend of Missions... 50 00 O nt...... 1 00 A F riend ...... 2 00 A Widow, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. W. C. Anonymous, Waterloo, la. 2 00 A ber ...... 10 00 Anonymous, Pittsburgh, Anonymous, Pasadena, Pa., A Friend of Mis Calif 10 00 sions ...... 100 00 A nonym ous ...... 20 00 A F rien d ...... 20 00 Anonymous, Ellwood A M other ...... 2 00 City, P a ...... 2 00 A nonym ous ...... 10 00 A Friend, Canonsburg, Mrs. David Anderson .... 5 00 P a ...... 50 00 A Friend, Salinevme, A F rien d ...... 1 00 Ohio ...... 10 00 A Contributor ...... 10 00 A Friend, Camden, Ohio 50 00 A Friend, Denver, Colo. 1 00 Miss Jane E. Ambrose.. 15 00 Anonymous, Tarkio, Mo. 5 00 W. E. Anderson ...... 25 00 A Mother, New Wilming R. A. Acheson ...... 10 00 ton, P a ...... 5 00 Anonymous, Morning Sun, A Friend of Rev. L. N. l a ...... 1 00 L afferty ...... 1 00 J. J. Anwyl...... 5 00 G. V. A nderson ...... 25 00 J. W. and A. P. A...... fi 00 A Friend of Missions, Mrs. Hannah Aiken ...... 10 00 Cutler, 111...... 5 00 A Friend, per Miss Flor A Friend of Missions, ence F o rt ...... 5 00 Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 1,000 00 S. D. B laney ...... 20 00 Rev. W. J. A dair ...... 5 00 Miss Carrie Bruce ...... 2 00 A Friend, Maywood, A. Campbell Bailey ...... 5 00 N ebr...... 1 00 Mrs. E. A. Brownlee.... 10 00 A Thank Offering ...... 33 00 Mrs. Mary Banker...... 10 00 Annual Report--Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 3 0 1

Miss Lillian Brecken- J. C. Boggs ...... 3 00 ridge ...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. Robert Airs. Ella F. Brown ---- 5 00 Bam ford ...... 25 00 E. F. Brownlee ...... 5 00 Mrs. T. H. Bagnall i 00 S. W. Boyd ...... 15 00 Miss Margaret A. Bell... . 5 00 S ara M. Bell ...... 10 00 T. M. B erryhill ...... 2 00 James Bothel...... 2 00 Mrs. E. E. Boyce ...... 20 00 S L. B yers ...... 5 00 Mrs. Boyd ...... 00 Mrs. N. I. B l a i r ...... 5 00 Edwin P. Boyd ...... 10 00 Miss Mary Brownlee .... 1 50 M. H. C. Bolles ...... 25 00 Mrs. J. G. Bull ...... 5 00 F. G. Bogle ...... Kn nn W m. Bell ...... 2 00 C. D. B ent ...... 1G 25 Rev. W. T. Brownlee.... 10 00 M iss M yra Z. Campbell 5 00 Mrs. A nna M. B la k e . . . . 10 00 Miss Jennie Campbell.... 1 00 J. F. Broadbent ...... 10 00 Miss Mary Clark ...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. M. L. B a rr 2 00 Mrs. Wm. C. Cleland.. . 25 00 Miss N. Marjorie Boal.. 5 00 Mrs. Lucy M. C ow den.. 10 00 Miss Martha J. Brown. . 10 00 Mrs. F. H. Carson ...... 5 00 Miss R. Burneson ...... 5 00 W m. A. C o o k ...... 00 Mr. and Mrs. D. L. W. A. Cuthbertson ...... 25 00 B arack m an ...... 15 00 Mrs. E. J. Cruikshank.. “i 00 Miss Stella E. Burns.... 10 00 Mrs. J. B. C urry ...... 2 00 Wm. L. Beebout ...... 5 00 W. D. C raw ford ...... 15 00 Mrs. Sherman Bean ----- 1 00 Roy Crawford ...... 15 00 G. Boling ...... 50 Clarcnce Crawford ...... 5 00 F. G. B o g g s ...... 1 00 Wm. Creswell ...... 25 00 Mrs. M. A. B arnes and B. L. C hristy ...... 2 00 Misses Barnes ...... 5 00 Thos. J. Cathcart...... 5 00 Mrs. Chas. R. Berger.... 10 00 J. A. C hristensen ...... 1.000 00 Mr. and Mrs. John M iss A nna M. C raw ford 1 50 B echtel ...... 5 00 Mrs W W Collins 7 00 Mrs. J. A. B r ig g s ...... 1 00 Mrs. Maggie Curry ...... 1 00 M iss A. J. B oone...... 50 00 Mrs*. M. I. Campbell and W. P. Barr ...... 5 00 d au g h ter ...... 30 00 Mrs. Emma P. Bourquin 2 00 Clarence Craig ...... 2 00 A. G. Boal ...... 5 00 Chas. Corette ...... 1 00 Miss L. J. Brunermer.. 3 00 Mr. Dave Cunningham's Mrs. S. P. B utler ...... 10 00 Intermediate Class, Mrs. Wilda M. Burneson 2 00 Greeley, Kans...... 2 77 Robert Blair ...... 5 00 W. E. Campbell ...... 10 00 Oscar Baker ...... 10 00 Concordia, Kans., Sab Miss Agnes Bauersachs.. 1 00 bath School ...... 12 00 Mrs. John Burnside and Mr. and Mrs. S. W. d au g h ter ...... 5 00 Cam pbell ...... 30 00 M iss A nna M. B e c k w ith .. 6 00 Miss Ada C. Cowden .. 5 00 David Bailie ...... 3 00 Miss Ethel Collins ...... 5 00 Brotherhood Bible Class, Mrs. John R. Caldwell.. 2 00 Peters Creek, Pa ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. John A. Mrs. Jacob Beiroth .... 1 50 Craw ford ...... 10 00 J. K. Binder ...... 10 00 Miss E lsie M. Clark .... 2 00 Mrs. M. B e ck stead ...... 10 00 George V. C urrie ...... 5 00 Mrs. Wm. E. Browne..; 5 00 Miss Elizabeth Cleland . . 4 00 E. M. Boaz ...... 5 00 Miss Katherine Clark .... 5 00 Mrs. Wm. Burwell ...... 10 00 Dr. and Mrs. W. N. Cun Miss Ruth Bloomfield .... 2 00 ningham ...... 5 00 Miss Elizabeth Binden- A. H. C urrie ...... 10 00 bach ...... 5 00 Rev. J. A. Cosby ...... 5 00 Mrs. A. O. B lair ...... 15 00 Mrs. Chas. Campbell.... 10 00 Wm. Britton ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. Howard J. A. Barnes ...... 3 00 C halm ers ...... 5 00 Miss Nettie I. Baird.... 20 00 Jas. S. Cam pbell ...... 10 00 T. R. Buchanan ...... 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Cox 2 50 R. J. Bailey ...... 5 00 Miss Hester E. Craig .... 25 00 Mrs. N. E. Bonner ...... 1 00 Mrs. G. W. C arter ------1 00 Mrs. H. M. Bull ...... 5 00 P ercy L. C raig ...... 100 00 Miss E. J. Beatty ...... 10 Oo Miss Margaret Cummings 5 00 Mrs. Luella Borders .... 5 00 A. D. Cleney ...... 40 00 The Misses Brown ...... 1 00 Center Ridge, la., Sab Miss Margaret A. Balph 5 00 bath School ...... 10 00 Dr. J. C. Boice ...... 1 00 Miss M. Henrietta Cow Dr. C. A. B oice ...... 1 00 den ...... 5 00 Miss Grace Bricker...... 2 00 Rev. James H. Colvin, for Thos. W. Blake ...... 12 50 preaching ...... 2!) 60 Mrs. Harvey Bell ...... 5 00 C. Clyde C halm ers ...... 5 00 Mrs. Chas. Balch ...... 3 00 Miss Eva McCarnahan .. 5 00 The Misses Bindel ...... 10 00 Miss Mary H. Clark .... .5 00 Robt. Baldridge ...... 25 R obert S. C larke ...... 2 00 Mrs. Mary W. Bruce .... 1 00 Mrs. A. E. Clapperton M iss A. D. B la ir...... 7 00 and Sabbath School Bible Class. First, Los Class ...... 5 00 Angeles, Calif...... 14 00 Miss Ida Carothers ...... 3 00 Rev. James Y. Boice, D.D. 10 00 Miss Ida M. C rothers . . 10 00 James Carson ...... 2 00 302 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Mrs. A nna M. C am pbell.. 15 00 Dr. N. Belle Drake Cart Miss Campbell ...... 5 00 wright ...... 5 oo Miss Luella B. Crawford 10 00 Mrs. Maria Dodds ...... 5 oo Mrs. Jane Crosbie and Mr. and Mrs. Harry S. Mrs. G. W. B ailey ___ 5 00 D ougherty ...... 1 oo Mrs. J. R. Campbell.... 10 00 L. S. D un b ar ...... 2 oo Miss Mary A. Campbell.. 5 00 Evan L. Davis ...... 5 oo Miss Emma Cross ...... 2 00 Miss Katherine Dayton.. 10 oo Mrs. Mary Clark ...... 2 00 G. J. O. D avidson ...... 5 oo Mrs. Coulter ...... 1 00 Miss Anna C. Dickson.... 5 oo Mr. Church ...... 50 A. M. Dickson ...... 2 oo Miss Lillie Calhoun ...... 5 00 Rev. and Mrs. A. B. Miss Jessie H. Crawford 5 00 D ickie ...... 10 oo Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Carson 12 00 Miss Matilda Dickey ----- 1 oo Mrs. Calhoun ...... 2 00 R. J. Davidson ...... 10 oo Donald B. Crowe ...... 2 00 Mrs. A. B. Dunlap .... 5 00 Miss Merle Cook ...... 2 00 M isses M a rg aret C. and Mrs. M. R. Cunningham.. 3 00 A nne C. E ato n ...... 5 00 H. D. Calhoun ...... 10 00 Mrs. Benjamin Elliott .. 5 00 G. R. Crow ...... 1 00 Miss E. Dorothy Elliott.. 5 00 Geo. M. C hase ...... 2 00 Alvin Edmistpn ...... 5 00 Miss Sarah J. Campbell.. 25 00 Mrs. Emery ...... 1 00 Mrs. Julia M. Cunning Miss Mary Ewing ...... 5 00 ham ...... 10 00 Mrs. E. J. Evans ...... 2 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. P. E. H. Erskine ...... 5 00 C am eron ...... 10 00 Miss L. Mary Elliott.... 3 00 A. J. Calderwood ...... 10 00 Mrs. E. A. Elliott...... 2 50 Mrs. M. A. C h e rrv ...... 1 00 Jas. H. Elder ...... 10 00 James Cummings...... 1 22 Philip and Donald Elliott, Claysville, Pa., Junior Andrew and Mary O. U nion ...... 5 00 Kincaid, W. K. Kincaid W. J. Cherry ...... 200 00 and Mrs. Elliott...... 18 75 Miss Jennie H. Clark .... 25 00 Rev. and Mrs. J. H. Rev. R. G. Campbell, Elliott ...... 3 00 D.D ...... 10 00 Mary E. Elder ...... 15 00 Rev J G. C am pbell...... 10 00 Mrs. S. E. Findley ...... 10 00 M iss M. C a th c a r t ...... 1 00 Dr. S. E. Findley ...... 15 00 Mrs. Campbell ...... 1 00 Miss Ada Fife ...... 5 00 P re ss C. D ow ler ...... 5 00 M iss C. M. W. F o s te r .. 5 00 J. W. D avis ...... 5 00 Miss Margaret Forsythe 5 00 Mrs. E. J. Dines ...... 5 00 Chas. T. Fullwood...... 50 00 John De Vinney ...... 10 00 Mrs. Annie B. Fraser ___ 10 00 Mrs J E Ditmars .... 5 00 Mrs H Ferguson ...... 1 00 M iss L a u ra G. D orsey .. 10 00 Mrs. B. Foster ...... 2 00 Miss Anna M. Dunn .... 5 00 Miss Alice M. Ford ...... 2 00 Miss Katherine Davies.. 1 00 Rev. R. G. Ferguson, Laura E. Donald ...... 3 00 D.D., L.L.D ...... 15 00 Miss Mabel Dobbin .... 1 00 Miss Nettie Frazier .... 1 00 Miss Emma L. Dierdorf.. 1 00 David R. Foster ...... 2 00 Mrs. A. L. Dickson .... 10 00 Miss Emma Fulton ...... 5 00 Mrs. A. E lla D ick ey ...... 5 00 Miss Katherine Ford .... 2 00 W . P. D ...... 1 00 Juanita Fulton ...... 10 00 Miss Cordelia J. Diven.. 5 00 Rev. and Mrs. J. P. Fin Mrs. A. J. Durbin ...... 1 00 n ey ...... 10 00 Stewart Dobbins ...... 2 00 Eleanore W. Freehtling.. 15 00 Mark Davidson ...... 50 00 Friends, New Concord, Mrs. Mary A. Davidson.. 50 00 Ohio ...... 8 00 A. B. Davidson...... 9 50 Friends ...... 8 00 Mrs J C Dawson . .. 1 50 Miss Jennie Fife ...... 5 00 Miss Anna Duncan .... 10 00 Friend, Unity Sta., Pa. 60 00 Mr. and Mrs. w. E. Mr. and Mrs. James D. D raw baugh ...... 5 00 F in ley ...... 2 00 Jennie Florence Davis.... 8 00 Miss Florence Fort ...... 10 00 J. T. Dushane ...... 2 00 Friends of Missions .... 25 00 M rs. A. C. D erm ond . . . . 5 00 Friend of Mr. A. T. Mc Miss M E Douds...... 10 00 C orm ick ...... 1 00 Rev. Samuel Dodds, Miss Bessie Finley ...... 10 00 P h.D ., D .D...... 20 00 Mrs. F. E. Foster ...... 2 00 S D oty ...... 300 00 W 3M. Frazer ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. C. D o t y ...... 200 00 M iss N ona V. F inley . . . . 5 00 Miss Jennie M Day ...... 5 00 Robert A. Fair ...... 5 00 Mrs. S. M. D ick ...... 2 00 F rie n d s of M issions ----- 5 00 Bruce Davison ...... 15 00 Friend, West Alexander, Dr. Roy Edgar Davis.... 10 00 P a ...... 12 00 Mrs. Elizabeth Downie.. 5 00 Friends of Missions, Seat David Donelson ...... 1 00 tle, Wash ...... 25 00 Charles Duel ...... 1 00 Rev. E rn e s t G. F o rre ste r 25 00 J. H. Duncan ...... 5 00 From a Friend, Washing Jos. A. Dickey ...... 10 00 ton, Pa ...... 1 00 F. Blanche De France.. 1 00 From a Lady, per Tarkio Miss Mattie Dunn ...... 3 00 Conference ...... 5 00 Master Paul R. Dobbin.. 1 00 Mrs. J. A. Ferguson.... 5 00 Annual Report-—Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 3 0 3

Friend, Belle Center, G. E. F. Gray ...... 250 00 Ohio ...... 15 00 Wm. J. Graham ...... 25 00 Miss Carroll E. French.. 5 00 Miss Rowena D. Guthrie 6 00 Mrs. Molly Flick ...... 2 00 Rev. J. P. and Margaret Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Fulton 5 00 Gibson ...... 5 00 Anna E. and Jennie Ful W. H. Gaston’s Sabbath lerton ...... 1 00 School Class, East Alex. Fullerton ...... 1 00 Liverpool. Ohio ...... 2 00 Friends of Mrs. H. D. G. H. Gilmore ...... 25 00 M iller ...... 1 75 Greenburg, Pa., Sabbath A. M. F o rsy th e ...... 10 00 School, Class No. 1.... 1 00 Miss Susan French ...... 5 00 Mrs. lone C. Giffen .... 25 Oo J. B. Fairman ...... 2 00 Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Gibson 10 00 Mrs. I. J. Fergus ...... 40 00 Mrs. Margaret J. Green. . 12 50 Andrew Forsythe ...... 25 00 Miss L ela D. G reen...... 12 50 Friends at West Delhi, Rae M. H eisler ...... 10 00 N. Y...... 8 00 J. C. H u n ter . . 5 00 Friendship Class, Pit John G. H all ...... 3 00 cairn, P a ...... 5 00 Miss Glenn O. Henderson 5 00 Mrs. A nna M. F re n c h .. 50 00 Miss Elsie Hammond . . 5 00 Friendship Bible Class, Miss Mary H ay ...... 6 00 M ars, P a ...... 10 00 Miss Mabel G. Hays .... 10 00 John S. F ren ch ...... 5 00 C. E. H aw thorne ...... 1 00 Foreign Missionary So Miss Julia F. Hopping .. 2 00 ciety, Hepburn, la ...... 5 00 Miss Marie E. Harper... . 10 00 Friends, Riverside, Calif. 20 50 Mr. and Mrs. A. F. Hanna 5 00 Mrs. Elizabeth and Miss Dr. P. R. Howard ...... 5 00 Lizzie J. Frazer ...... 10 00 Miss Anna C. Hogue .... 5 00 James W. Gilmore .... 25 00 Mrs. M. S. H eade 20 00 Mrs. J. C. Gilfillan ' 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Hutton 2 00 Miss Maria Geary ...... 2 00 Ira B. Hood ...... 1 00 Dr. M. E. G a r re tt...... 10 00 Mrs. Elizabeth Hodge .... 2 00 Miss Elizabeth Gillis.... 5 00 J. M. H uston ...... 2 00 George R. Galbraith .... 7 00 C. M. H enderson ...... 2 00 Miss Margaret A. Given.. 10 00 Mrs. J. F. Harper ...... 1 00 A rchie R. G raham ...... 1 00 Miss Martha J. Houston 50 00 Miss Helen Faye Graham 1 00 C. E. H oym an ...... 1 00 Miss Katherine K. George 30 00 Mrs. H. S. Hoyman .... 1 00 Mrs. Jane Gibson ...... 6 00 Mr. H are ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. F. W. Gib Harry Hamilton ...... 1 00 son ...... 10 00 Scott Hamilton ...... 1 00 Mrs. Frank Griffin ...... 1 00 Mrs. Scott Hamilton.... 1 00 Miss Winona Gillham.... 10 00 Avis Hoyman ...... 5 00 Miss Jennie E. Gilmore.. 5 00 H. S. H oym an ...... 2 00 Mrs. George ...... 1 00 Hanover, 111., Sabbath A. B. Glasgow ...... 2 00 School ...... 25 00 J. W. Gordon ...... 17 00 Dr. and Mrs. Wm. H. Prof. J. S. Gamble...... 1 00 H aw ley ...... 25 00 Mary Gilmore ...... 2 00 Mrs. W m. M. H ood...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. F. A. Gaut 10 00 Miss Letitia Hood ...... 10 00 Mrs. J. G. Glasgow . . . . 15 00 Mrs. J. W. Henderson . 5 00 J. G. Glasgow ...... 20 00 Mrs. Virginia B. Hays Clarence Gibb ...... 10 00 and family ...... 5 00 Rev. W. B. Gillis ...... 10 00 Mrs. Ralph Hinshaw .... 1 50 M rs. C. F. G iffen...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. Cyrus Mrs. R. H. G ault ...... 25 00 H oover ...... 5 00 M rs. R. S. G rim es...... 2 00 Rev. T. M. H u sto n ...... r 00 Rev. and Mrs. James H. Mrs. Howison ...... 5 00 G rier ...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. W. L. Han General Contribution, lon ...... C, 00 Greeley, Colo...... 1 75 Rev. F. D. Henderson.. 6 00 Mrs. W. K. George .... 10 00 Miss Alice Hobart ...... 5 00 Howard W. Gordon .... 5 00 Miss Ella Hammond .... 10 00 W. B. Gilmore ...... 5 00 Mrs. Hamilton’s Sabbath Irvine Graham ...... 5 00 School Class, Greeley, M rs. W . B. Glover ...... 2 00 Colo...... 13 61 Wm. A. Grafton ...... 5 00 Mrs. G. R. H ays ...... 1 50 Miss Glover ...... 1 00 Mrs. Albert H uey ...... 1 00 Bruce Gill ...... 1 00 E d ith C. H ays ...... 10 00 Mrs. Frank Gerh old’s J. A. H arp er ...... 5 00 Junior Class, Greeley, Miss Eliza Harper ...... 5 00 K an s...... 97 Mrs. Hissong ...... 1 00 Mrs. Henry Gerhold’s Miss Allie B. Hager... . 5 00 Intermediate Class, M artin M. H y z e r...... 20 00 Greeley, Kans...... 2 5o Mrs. B. D. Hill’s Sabbath Mrs. J. Kelly Giffen...... 5 00 School Class, Kirkwood, F. R. Gilmore ...... 25 00 111...... 2 00 W. F. Goldsphon ...... 3 00 Miss Lela Hogue’s Sab Rev. E. M. Giffen ...... 10 00 bath School, Kirkwood, W m . Gowan ...... 1 5U 111...... 2 00 Mrs. A. E. Gilleland ____ 2 00 Will Hamilton ...... 1 00 Mrs. M. C. Good ...... 10 00 J. H. A. H utchinson .... 5 50 3 0 4 Annual Report-—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Helping Daughters’ Class, D. P. Kennedy ...... 5 00 Pittsburgh, Kans...... 4 00 Mrs. Lucinda Kennedy.. 25 00 W. W. Haden ...... 10 00 M rs. J. A. K irkton ...... 1 00 Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Thos. Miss Eva Kirkton ...... 1 00 H. H a n n a ...... 20 00 Mr. and Mrs. H. A. Kil George C. H u n te r ...... 10 00 gore ...... 10 00 M rs. J. A. H a rt ...... 2 00 Andrew Kirk and family 5 00 Mrs. Nettie V. Hanna.. 100 00 Mrs. Ezra Kirby ...... 2 25 M A Hudelson ...... 5 00 W. C. L atim er ...... 5 00 Mrs Mary Hoover ...... 1 00 M. J. Love ...... 1 00 Miss Jennie Hazlett .... 1 00 J. R. L idgerw ood ...... 10 00 Miss Mary E. Hull...... 5 00 Miss Elizabeth Lambie.. 1 00 Miss Marguerite Hender J. Ralph Lyons ...... 5 00 son ...... 2 00 S. R. Love ...... 15 00 Rev. T. E. Holliday, D.D. 25 00 James Latimore ...... 1 00 Rev. H. Ross Hume .... 10 00 M rs. A nnie C. Lillie . . . . 5 00 J. M. Houston ...... 10 00 W. M. L ogan ...... 5 00 Rev. J. G. Hunt, D.D . . . 10 00 Mrs. Evelyn Lathrop ___ 5 00 Intermediate Y. P. C. U., Ladies’ Fidelity Bible Oak Park, Philada., Pa. 10 00 Class of the Second Mrs. J. S. Irw in ...... 10 00 Church, Providence, Miss Jennie M. Irons.... 1 00 R. I ...... 5 00 I. H. N. Class, Greenside Mrs. M. T. Lindsay .... 2 00 Ave. Church, Canons- Ralph W. Lindsay ...... 2 00 burg, P a ...... 10 00 M iss K a te M. L a u g h e a d .. 5 00 In term ed iate C. B. S., Miss Nellie B. Laughead 5 00 First, East Liverpool, Ethel Leighty ...... 5 00 Ohio ...... 5 00 Mrs. Mary M. Libbey.. 5 00 Individual, College Mr. and Mrs. A. A. Long 20 00 Springs Presbytery .... 35 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Lilja 8 00 David Junk ...... 50 00 Mrs. J. W. Liggitt...... 1 00 Mrs. K. C. Jo h n s to n ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. and Mar Miss Ella M. Johnston. . 5 00 garet Lawrence ...... 15 00 Miss Ella Junk ...... 5 00 Ja n e A. Love ...... 5 00 M iss E lsie C. Jo h n s to n .. 1 50 Mrs. N. R. Lease ...... 1 00 Miss Helen H. Johnston.. 50 00 Mrs. Jean B. Lake ...... 10 00 Jesse Jacobs ...... 1 00 Miss Mildred Logan .... 1 00 S. P. Ju n k and M o th e r.. 10 00 Wm. Little ...... 10 00 Mrs. T. J. Johnston .... 5 00 Ladies’ Missionary So Rankin S. Johnston .... 5 00 ciety, Sandy Lake, Pa. 3 35 Thomas Johnson ...... 5 00 Ray Leslie ...... 1 40 Elizabeth Johnston ...... 5 00 J. C. L. C am bridge, N. Y. 1 00 Mrs. Eleanor Jamieson Miss Nettie Lawrence.... 1 00 and husband ...... 2 00 Le Claire, Prairie, la., Mrs. Ralph Johnston .... 1 00 Sabbath School ...... 17 56 Miss Sara Jamieson .... 5 00 George A. L ew is ...... 5 00 Miss Miriam Jones ...... 2 00 Mrs. Lois Boyd Lake.... 2 00 Sam uel C. Jo h n sto n . . . . 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. Ora L. John N. Jones ...... 20 00 L eslie ...... 25 00 E. E. Kennedy ...... 5 00 Ladies’ Missionary So J. J. Kennedy ...... 10 00 ciety Union, Renfrew, E. Downey Kerr ...... 5 00 P a ...... 5 00 Mrs. Anna M. Kingan . . 300 00 Miss Janet M. Lambie.. 20 00 D. E. Kane ...... 5 00 W. M. L ong ...... 250 00 Misses E. Isabel and Robert Leitch ...... 10 00 Harriet Kerr ...... 50 00 F. N. McDowell...... 1 00 Mrs. Margaret Killough.. 12 00 Mrs. Elizabeth McFarland M rs. G. L. K issick ----- 2 00 and family ...... 30 00 Miss Alda E. Kirkton. . 1 00 Mrs. and Miss Jessie Mc Miss Margaret T. Kerr. 5 00 K ay ...... 5 00 M rs. R. M. K ing ...... 2 00 Miss L. W. McKnight .. 1 00 Mrs. Nannie M. Knoblock 25 00 H. R. McLaury ...... 10 00 Mrs. J. C. K e r r ...... 12 00 Miss Margaret McDill.... 5 00 J. I. Krohn ...... 25 00 Miss Elizabeth McGee.. 5 00 Mrs. Mary Porter Kyle.. 20 00 Mrs. L. S. McCulloch .... 1 00 Mrs. Clara K eller ...... 2 50 Mrs, R. McLean ...... 1 00 Robert Kerr ...... 20 00 Mrs. S. E. McClarnen and Mr. and Mrs. G. I. KirK- two friends ...... 2 75 ton ...... 25 00 Mrs. Jennie E. McCleery 5 00 Miss Lydia E. Kirk Mrs. S arah C. M cC all.. 5 00 p atrick ...... 1 00 Mrs. D aniel C. M cC oy.. 10 00 Ora Kirkton ...... 75 Miss Mary E. McCoy.... 1 00 S. S. K err and d au g h ter 2 50 D. J. McLay ...... 10 00 Mrs. A. E. Kincaid and W. D. McGill ...... 5 00 Miss S. Carothers .... 10 00 Mrs. Georgia Mcllvain... 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. Jos. Kirk Miss Elizabeth McMillen 2 00 land ...... 5 00 Miss Grace McMillen ----- 1 00 Miss Corinne Kirkpatrick 4,00 M. J. McDowell ...... 10 00 R. E. Kerr ...... 5 00 Mrs. Robert McNeilly... 15 00 R W K nox ...... 14 70 J J McKnight...... 26 00 Miss Elsie Kenning ...... 3 00 Miss Margaret E. Mc J. H. Kyle ...... 1 00 C racken ...... 2 00 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 305

Cash, Belle Center, Ohio.. 2 00 Rev. Wm. J. Everhart.... 2 00 Annabelle P. Cooke ...... 40 00 Miss Jennie Finley ...... 10 00 Rev. R. G. Campbell, D.D. 10 00 Mrs. S. E. Findley ...... 15 00 Cash, per Rev. J. B. Jack A Friend of Missions...... 100 00 son, D .D ...... 2 50 Miss Anna Belle Ferrier.. 25 00 William Creswell ...... 10 00 A F rien d ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. W. C u lb ertso n 100 00 F rien d s ...... 1 00 Miss Anna Craig ...... 25 A Friend of Missions, New A. W. Cole ...... 1 00 Concord, Ohio ...... 5 00 F ra n k lin A. Collins ...... 1 00 “A. B. F.,” Pittsburgh, Pa. 10 00 Mrs. Ruth Junk Campbell 100 00 Marie Flexig ...... •>00 Rev. J. A. Campbell 10 00 A Friend, Pittsburgh, Pa. 20 00 Mary Stewart Campbell .. 5 00 C. F. Fullw ood ...... 75 00 Miss Elizabeth Campbell.. 5 00 A Friend, Olothe, Kans... 2 00 C ash ...... 5 00 A Friend, Wamock, Ohio. 1 00 Jennie H. Clark ...... 100 00 A Friend, Washington, Pa. 1 00 R. N. Crooks ...... 10 00 Friends of Missions ...... 500 00 Hester E. Craig ...... 25 00 F. B. F a rre n ...... 10 00 Rev. and Mrs. Ralph Car A F riend ...... 5 00 son ...... 5 00 A F riend ...... 10 00 C ash ...... 5 00 A F rien d ...... 5 00 A. B. C a rter ...... 30 00 A F riend, K irkw ood, 111... 1 00 W illiam A. Cook ...... 5 00 A Friend, Freeport, Ind.. . 10 00 Rev. W . E. M. C opeland.. 5 00 A F riend ...... 1 00 Rev. Thomas F. Cummings, A Friend, Cambridge, Ohio 1 00 D .D 27 50 A Friend of Missions...... 10 00 A da C. Cowden ...... 5 00 A Friend, Lawrence, Long Cash, Pittsburgh, Pa 1 00 Island, N. T ...... 15 00 Mr. and Mrs. W. F. Crooks 1 00 A Friend, per Miss Hen F. J. Campbell ...... 3 00 rietta Cowden ...... 7 00 Emma Cross ...... 5 00 A Friend, Coshocton, Ohio 5 00 Mrs. Alex. Carithers 1 00 A Friend from Kansas... 5 00 Sarah Carithers ...... 1 00 Mrs. W. R. Forsythe ...... 2 00 J. W. Calhoun ...... 10 00 Few Friends of Missions, Dr. R. E. Davis...... 10 00 First Church, New Con Joseph A. Dickey ...... 15 00 cord, Ohio ...... 30 00 J. P. Duff ...... 1 00 R obert A. F a ir ...... 5 00 J. W. D avis ...... 23 00 Mrs. H. L. Finley ...... 15 00 A. M. D ickson ...... 2 00 Friends of Missions ...... 110 00 M. E. Douds ...... 25 00 George Felmley ...... 2 00 Miss Anna Duncan ...... 25 00 Friends of Missions, lola, - M rs. W. G. Downs ...... 4 00 K ansas ...... 20 00 Mrs. J. E. Lytle Ditmars.. 15 00 E. J. Forsythe and family 3 00 Miss Marion R. Davis.... 2 25 Friends of Evans City, Rev. A. B. D ickie ...... 5 00 Pa., Congregation ...... 2 25 M rs. C. J. D ick ie...... 5 08 Mary Belle Foster ...... 4 00 W m. S. Doty ...... 200 00 A F rien d ...... 15 00 M rs. M a rg aret S. D o ty ___ 100 00 A Friend, Janesville ...... 1 00 Miss Margaret Davis .... 1 00 Mrs. Clara Farquhar ...... 5 00 Rev. Wm. J. Dickie ...... 3 00 A F rien d ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. A. C. D uncan 5 00 W. E. Fife ...... 5 00 R. Bruce Dunlep ...... 15 00 A. Friend, Battle Creek, Rev. Samuel Dodds, D.D. 10 00 M ich...... 10 00 Miss J. K. Denham ...... 250 00 A Poor Friend ...... 1 00 M iss A. M. D ouncy...... 1 00 Lewis Fraser ...... 3 00 Rev. Walter H. Davis ___ 19 00 Mrs. Jeanette Fuller...... 2 00 Mrs. S. Denny and daugh Friends of Missions, To ter Maggie ...... 4 00 ronto, Ohio ...... 10 00 M rs. M ary A. D ick..... 2 00 Rev. David Chalmers Ful Mrs. J. M. D ay ...... 10 00 ton ...... 3 00 Mr. James Dick ...... 50 Friends, Wichita, Kans... 4 00 E. P. Douglass ...... 100 00 Fifth Ward Mission of the Mrs. A. C. D esm ond ...... 5 00 Twelfth Church, Pitts Miss Mary Davidson ...... 25 00 burgh, P a...... 37 00 Cordelia J. Diven ...... 10 00 A Friend, Los Angeles, Mrs. Frederick Elliott___ 25 00 Calif...... 5 00 Mrs. John English ...... 10 00 A Friend of Missions ...... 1 00 J. H. Ewing ...... 5 00 A Friend, Biggsville, 111... 1 00 Rev. W. D. E w in g ...... 10 CO Friends of Missions, Mon Rev. H. G. E d g a r...... 1 00 m outh, 111...... 10 00 A. C. E v an s ...... 15 00 Anna Graham Estate ...... 30 00 A. A. Edmiston and family 10 00 Walter N. Grubbs ...... 5 00 Mrs. F. H. Edgerton ...... 5 00 Rev. and Mrs. Walter Mr. and Mrs. W. F. Ekin.. 1 00 G etty ...... 2 00 Employees of P. and L: E. Rev. H. D. G ordon...... 6 75 R. R. Co. and others 3 70 Miss Katherine K. George 10 00 H. G. E spy ...... 5 00 Clara Graham ...... 10 00 Estate of Mrs. James Mc Misses Burdella and Anis- Kinley Income ...... 15 00 sa Giffen ...... 20 00 Mrs. R. H., R. B. and F. Mrs. W . L. Oareres...... 1 00 W. Edmiston ...... 10 00 James W. Gilmore...... 10 00 306 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

H. W. Gillis ...... 5 00 Rev. D. A. W. Johnson... 5 oo Mrs. W. F. Graham ...... 3 00 Mrs. Mary Porter Kyle .. 21 oo M rs. G ray ...... 1 00 Andrew Kirk and family. 5 oo Mr. and Mrs. John B. Rev. Arthur L. Kenyon... 5 10 G raves ...... 12 00 Rev. Albert E. Kelly ...... 5 00 T. W . Gordon ...... 5 00 James L. King ...... 10 00 C. A. Gillespie ...... 1 00 W. A. Kyle ...... 2 00 George R. Galbraith ...... 15 00 A. S. K a r r ...... 25 00 M iss Jen n ie G ray ...... 25 Rev. H. J. Kyle ...... 1 00 Miss Mary Gray ...... 25 E. E. Kennedy ...... 5 00 Rev. W. E. Gordon...... 10 00 Oralind Kirkton ...... 1 75 Mrs. David Gordon ...... 25 00 J. J. Kennedy ...... 5 00 George E. Gibson ...... 1 00 M rs. A n n a C. K e a rn e y ----- 1 00 R. S. Grimes and family.. 5 00 R. H. Kelly ...... 1 00 Joe L. Graham ...... 2 00 Elmer J. Kingsland ...... 1 00 Irma Galloway ...... 5 00 Mrs. Nannie M. Knobloch 50 00 Albert Gordon ...... 2 00 J. Ralph Lyons...... 25 00 Irvine Graham ...... 5 00 Ladies’ Aid Missionary So Mr. and Mrs. John Gallo ciety, East 187th St., w ay ...... 10 00 N ew Y ork ...... 5 00 Mrs. W. E. Gordon ...... 3 00 Mrs. J. G. L am bie ...... 2 00 Mary P. Gilmore ...... 5 00 Miss Elizabeth Lambie... 10 00 Etta Gilmore ...... 5 00 W . M. L ogan ...... 10 00 Miss Etta Gerhold, Miss S. S. Lyons ...... 2'j no Ella Gerhold, Mrs. Floyd Miss Jessie Cleland Leigh 7 00 Gerhold and D. A. Cun Ralph W. Lindsay ...... 5 00 n ingham ...... 5 05 Miss Annie Lillie ...... 5 00 Jo h n A. Gibson ...... 5 00 W. A. Lukens ...... 2 00 John D. Gill and Mrs. Ag Langhead Family ...... 11 00 nes B. Gill...... 20 00 Lois B. Lake ...... 15 00 Mr. and M rs. M. O. G ordon 1 00 Josiah Livingston ...... r, 00 Miss Annie F. Given...... 2 00 J. S. L a n t ...... 5 00 John Gwyer ...... 5 00 J a n e t M. L am bie ...... 75 00 Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Hutton 2 00 Rev. and Mrs. D. C. Littell 25 00 H . S. H oym an ...... 30 00 A. M. L ovren ...... 5 00 F. S. Hoyman ...... 10 00 Robert H. Leitch ...... 25 00 Miss Letitia A. W ood.... 10 00 Miss Ruth Latta ...... 20 00 Margaret S. Hofsteater .. 2 00 L. M. S., Iberia, Ohio ... 5 00 Rev. T. M. H u s to n ...... 10 00 L. M. S., Ligonier, Pa ----- 2 00 Mrs. J. W. Henderson.... 10 00 L. M. S., College Hill, J. F. Harper ...... 1 00 Wichita, Kans...... 1 50 M rs. M. R. H a w k in s...... 1 00 L. M. S., Second, Provi Rev. H. Ross Hume ...... 10 00 dence, R. I ...... 15 00 Marietta Hamilton, D. C.. 5 00 L. M. S., Evans City, Pa.. 10 00 Mrs. A. D. Hutchison ___ 5 00 L. M. S., F irs t, N ew burgh, A Helper, West Hebron, N. Y...... 10 00 N. Y...... 5 00 L. M. S., Sterling, Kans.. 1 00 T. M. H en ry ...... 10 Mrs. M. L. McClenahan .. 5 00 Rev. J. M. H en d erso n ...... 25 00 Mrs. Vina McKirnahan ... 3 00 Rev. and Mrs. C. Haupt.. 10 00 F. A. McKinley School for Wilmer H. Hay ...... 3 00 the Deaf, Sioux Falls, M iss S. H uhn ...... 1 00 S. D ...... 1 00 M iss In a M. H a n n a ...... 60 00 Mrs. Jennie E. McCleery. 2 00 Mrs. T. J. Henderson ...... 5 00 Rev. W . C. M cCleery ----- 18 25 Rev. F. D. H en d erso n ___ 1 00 Mrs. Mary A. McManis... 10 00 Mrs. Clara Hardesty ...... 25 Rev. Dr. and Mrs. W. T. Dr. A. I. Hoon ...... 50 00 M cConnell ...... 2 00 Kenneth M. Hutchison... 10 00 J. O. M cConnell ...... 10 00 Mr Thomas A Hay ...... 25 00 Mrs S E McClarnen... 1 00 Mrs. T. W. Henry ...... 50 John J. McKnight...... 26 00 M iss M aud H e n ry ...... 50 Miss Annie J McKee.. .. 5 00 John Hazlett ...... 2 00 M rs. Jen n ie M. M cC ulley.. 5 00 M rs. C. H a m ilto n ...... 1 00 John R. McLean...... 50 00 Mrs. E. C. Henry and Mrs. Margaret McClain... 3 00 Sons ...... 20 00 M rs. J. S. M cM unn...... 10 00 Hudson Presbytery ...... 72 36 Rev. J. S. McMunn...... 10 00 Mrs. Alzena Innis ...... 50 Rev. Edwin McCIintock... 15 00 Mrs. Joseph Irwin ...... 10 00 M iss G race E. M cC lain----- 2 00 Miss Ellen Irwin ...... 25 Ida Gertrude McKee...... 5 00 Italian Mission, Columbus, Misses Mary and Sara Mc- Ohio ...... 4 00 Q uigg ...... 5 00 D. W. Johnston ...... 1 00 Mrs. Catharine McBurney. 5 00 Sarah and Mary Johnson. 1 00 Jo h n G. M cM arlin...... 25 00 J. N. and Dorcas Jamison 10 00 Rev. J. T. McCrory, D.D.. 50 00 John N. and Miriam Jones 2 00 Miss Margaret L. McClen R. A. Jennings ...... 3 00 a h a n ...... 5 00 G. 0 . Jones ...... 1 00 W. E. McClure ...... 10 00 R. S. Jo h n sto n ...... 10 00 Jennie McFeaters ...... 10 00 Ut'v. Dr. and Mrs. J. B. Roberta H. McKirnahan... 5 00 Jack so n ...... 7 50 J A McClurg...... 5 00 Miss EUa Junk ...... 25 00 Bev. J. F. McKnight...... 1 00 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 307

Mrs. J. B. McClelland...... 5 00 W. W. Milligan, M.D 10 00 Miss Anna D. McClung... 2 50 G. H. M oore ...... 2 00 J. A. McKessons...... 1 00 Mrs. J. M. M a rtin ...... 1 00 Dr. and Mrs. H. T. Mc Men’s Bible Class, Belle L aughlin ...... 35 00 vue, P a ...... 5 00 A. T. M cCorm ick ...... 5 00 Members of Schenectady, Mrs. Fannie E. McCall.... 5 00 N. Y...... 23 80 Mr. and M rs. Jo h n C. M c- Beatrice Murray ...... 5 00 C utcheon ...... 4 00 Miss Edna Morris...... 5 00 Mrs. L. E. McClintock.... 10 00 S. S. M ehard ...... 100 00 Jessie McKay ...... 1 00 M e m b e rs of Knoxville, Jessie McLennan ...... 1 00 T enn...... 61 00 Miss Ella McKinley ...... 10 00 Rev. and Mrs. C. G. M or H. S. McCullough ...... 1 00 row ...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Mc- Halma Milne ...... 5 00 C rea ...... 10 00 M. L. M iller ...... 5 00 Miss Katherine B. McMinn 1 00 Rev. R. J. Miller, D.D 5 00 Mrs. J P. McClanahan... 10 00 Mrs. Minnie Mason ...... 5 00 Dr. V. A. M cC lanahan...... 5 00 Mrs. R. I. Miller ...... 5 00 Rev. G, B. M c C re a ry ...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. F. A. Martin 10 00 Rev. W. H. McCrecry ___ 5 00 Miss Bella Nelson...... 10 00 Mrs. McHenry ...... 5 00 Rev. and Mrs. Arch. M. Miss Elizabeth McMillen.. 5 00 N eale ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. A. McConnelee .. 15 00 Miss Gertrude M. Newlin 5 00 J. W. McDougall ...... 5 00 Mrs. E. Nesbit ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. P. McDanel...... 1 00 The New Wilmington Club, Miss Carrie E. McDanel... 1 00 First Church, Wilkins- W. H. McHenry ...... 5 00 burg, P a ...... 42 00 Miss Jennie MacLachlan. 50 00 Rev. David Nicoll ...... 5 00 Rev. W. H. McMaster, Miss Julia Nehityl ...... 2 00 P h .D ...... Mrs. H. M. N elson...... 5 00 Miss Margaret McClurkin. Mrs. Charles E. Nash 1 00 M rs. E lla M. M axw ell...... 5 00 Rev. Charles E. Nash.... 1 00 Mrs. N. J. E. Martin ...... 10 00 Mrs. Barbara Nichols .... 5 00 Miss Agnes E. Murray.... 6 00 E lizabeth M. Neel ...... 20 00 Mrs. Edith Morton ...... 10 00 Mrs. Mary N. Nelson and Miss H elen M. M ilne ___ 1 00 d au g h ter ...... 3 00 Miss Anna A. Milligan___ 10 00 Naomi Circle, Highland, J. H. Maxwell ...... 10 00 New Castle, Pa ...... 25 00 R. A. M itchell ...... 5 00 C. S. O rr...... 1 00 Rev. F. G. M orrow ...... 20 00 Miss Grace Ogilvie ...... 5 00 Violet Melick ...... 5 00 Rev. J. S. Pollock ...... 1 00 Miss Edith Miller ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. R. Plummer ...... 5 00 Charel Maxwell ...... 20 00 Mrs. Edith Livingstone Elizabeth Maxwell ...... 15 00 P eak e ...... 10 00 G eorge S. M axwell ...... 5 00 Dr. J. W. Park ...... 20 00 Robert J. Maxwell ...... 8 00 Mrs. Amanda H. Porter.. 10 00 Rev. and Mrs. J. H. Miller 5 00 Miss Marie Patterson 1 00 W. R. Matthews ...... 4 00 Miss Mary B. Philips .... 5 00 E. H. Mahood ...... 200 00 J. L. Patterson ...... 1 00 Jean R. and Anna M. Mar Mrs. George M. Paden 10 00 tin ...... 30 00 Merle E. Pinkerton ...... 6 00 Miss Caroline Martin ...... 25 00 Rev. and Mrs. R. J. Picken 10 00 M rs. S. J. M itchell ...... 100 00 Mrs. J. W. Pry ...... 20 00 John F. Moscry ...... 5 00 Mrs. Nannie Palmer 2 00 Joseph A. M ason ...... 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Patter M rs. W . D. M orrow ___ 2 00 son ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Mitch Rev. Calvin Pressly ...... 10 00 ell ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. A. P a tto n ...... 5 00 Thomas A. Miller, M.D. 20 00 Irven M. Phillips ...... 5 00 Ja m es S. Moore . . . 20 00 Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. M iss M. L. M oore.. 10 00 P alm er ...... 5 ,£0 Mrs. Hattie Martin 1 00 Miss Ada Philips ...... 10 00 Miss I. A. Munroe 100 00 Miss Emily M. Porter .... 5 00 Margaret J. Means 5 00 M rs. S. J. P a tte rso n ...... 50 Oscar Manlow ...... 1 00 Grier Patterson ...... 25 James S. Martin... 25 00 Jasper Patterson ...... 25 Mrs. Mary J. Briggs Mayo 10 00 Arthur Quinn ...... 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. Andrew S. Miss Martha Reed ...... 4 00 M iller ...... 10 00 T. D. Robinson ...... 22 00 Mrs. T. M. Milholland...... 15 00 Mrs. H. W. Rexford 5 00 Mission Study Class of H. Cliife Rankin ...... 40 00 Miss Mabel C. Stewart, Rev. W. A. Robb, D.D 5 00 Second Church, Brook Miss Anna Robb ...... 10 00 lyn, N. Y...... 6 00 Mrs. W . D. R o g ers...... 2 00 Rev. E a rl D. M iller...... 10 00 Earle R. Russell ...... 20 00 Member of the Old Mt. Mrs. R. M. Reid ...... 10 00 V a r n i m Congregation, Mrs. R. A. R u s s e ll...... 10 00 Eau Claire, Pa ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. W. R ey Mrs. J. J. Moore and Miss nolds ...... 10 00 Nellie Moore ...... 16 00 308 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Rev. W. S. Ritchie ...... 5 00 John A. Totten ...... 5 00 Rev. and Mrs. H. Robb... 7 00 Fred E. Trimble ...... 1 00 Mrs. R. Roulston ...... 25 00 Mrs. W. H. Thompson.. 5 00 M iss E lsie M. R a itt...... 15 00 Mrs. Ella Thursby ...... 4 00 M iss N ettie R obertson . . . 10 00 Percy Tucker ...... 25 Emily J. Robinson ...... 5 00 Two Anonymous Friends 2 00 M rs. J. W . R obertson __ 2 00 Roy S. Tom b ...... l 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Ramsey 10 00 Miss Mary L. Thompson 5 00 Laura Ramsten ...... 1 00 J. C. T en n a n t ...... l 00 J. S. Rodgers ...... 2 00 Bessie L. Thompson.... l 00 Mrs. Ada Reber ...... 115 00 Geo. H. and Miss Mary Robert Rutledge ...... 100 00 T hom pson ...... 2 00 Mrs. James Rankin ...... 1 00 Miss Eva B. Thompson. . 10 0o E v a S. R obinson ...... 35 00 Rev. J. S. T u rn b u ll...... 5 00 Rev. J. J. Ralston and United Presbyterian Boys, Friends of Missions 8 00 Princeton Seminary ... 35 00 J. H. Robinson ...... 10 00 The United Presbyterian, Willard Reid ...... 2 00 Belle Center, Ohio.... 40 00 Mrs. Frances E. Robinson. 10 00 Miss Rhuma Vincent.... 7 00 J. O. S pringer ...... $10 00 Rev. j. A. Williamson, Miss Annie T. Smeeton . 10 00 D.D ...... 200 00 Letitia Shannon ...... 3 00 Mrs. Anna M. J. Watt.. 2 00 S a ra A. S tra n g e ...... 1 00 M iss Jen n ie B. W allace 25 00 James Strange ...... 1 00 Bessie E. Wilson ...... 3 00 Jessie Eva Snodgrass 2 00 Dr. Anna B Watson.... 5 00 William Shepherd ...... 25 Oo Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Hugh M aggie M. S h anks ...... 1 00 F. Wallace ...... 50 00 D. M. Simmons ...... 5 00 Mrs. Martha A. Welch.. 10 00 M iss M. S t r o n g ...... 1 00 Miss Vernie M. Wooster 1 00 J. W. Sands ...... 5 00 Miss Sarah J. Watson.. 50 00 Miss Belle E. Streeter 5 00 Miss Mary A. Workman 5 00 J a y C. S ta u f f e r ...... 5 00 May Winter ...... 10 00 Miss Elizabeth Seaton .. 1 00 S. M. W rig h t ...... 5 00 M iss M abel C. S te w a r t.. 5 00 Mrs. Sarah P. Wallace.. 50 00 Joseph M. S a p p ...... 2 00 May T. Wilson ...... 5 00 S. F. S te w a rt...... 10 00 M iss E. M. W ...... 5 00 M rs. J. C. Sim pson ...... 5 00 A. W . W ...... 25 00 Rev. J. J. Sharp ...... 5 00 Miss Susan P. Wilson.. 2 00 Mrs. Robert Sloan ----- 2 00 Miss Lillian A. Wallace 2 00 Henry Scott ...... 10 00 M. J. W ilson ...... 10 00 Mr. & Mrs. H. Shannon 5 00 Mrs. Elizabeth Walker .. 10 00 Miss Elizabeth Stotts 5 00 Blanche Walters ...... 1 00 L. H. Sharp ...... 5 00 “Wooster, Ohio” ...... 6 00 J. H. Sullivan ...... 10 00 M rs. M. J. W ilson ___ 7 00 J. H. Stavely ...... 25 00 Elsie Walters and O. G. J. M. Strong ...... 5 00 P hillis ...... 5 00 Mrs. Mary A. Simpson.. 2 00 M iss M ary B. W elch .... 10 00 C. E. Sim pson ...... 5 00 M rs. M ary A. W h ite .... 10 00 Misses Jennie E. and S. H. W h ite ly ...... 2 00 A n n a M. Shaw ...... 5 00 Esther Watson ...... 1 Oo Fay Stroble ...... 25 Mrs. J. H. Wachob and W. H. Struthers ...... 5 00 Rachel E. Wachob 10 00 Mrs. A. L. Smith ...... 5 00 Mrs. Martha P. Wilson.. 1 00 Sarah E. Scott ...... 1 00 Miss Elizabeth M. War Misses Lois and Hannah den ...... 100 00 S teele ...... 50 Miss Alice F. Warden.. 100 00 Mrs. Wm. Speer and H. S. W estbrook ...... 10 00 d au g h ter ...... 60 00 J. R. Wilson ...... 1 00 Miss Mary C. Schaible .. 1 00 Charles Wallace and James Scott ...... 7 00 fam ily ...... 4 00 Mrs. Elizabeth M. Scott 1 00 Mrs. H. M. Wetmore.... 5 00 C. S h o rts ...... 5 00 Mrs. M ary A. W oods, Miss Jean Soults ...... 1 Oo Mr. and Mrs. Mel S. Miss Cora E. Soults 2 00 Woods, Robert McDill Scott Sloan ...... 1 00 W oods ...... 21 00 Miss Mary E. Simms 5 00 Mrs. Mary A. Walker.. 2 00 Mr. and Mrs. Thos. Mrs. A. D. Wilhite.... 125 S hanks ...... 20 00 Miss Alberta Work 2 00 A. J. Taylor ...... 5 00 W. Z. W yle ...... 10 00 Eliza J. Thomas ...... 2 00 Miss Elizabeth Wishart. 1 00 Three Friends, Xenia, M iss Gail C. W h ite 10 00 Ohio ...... 22 00 Isabella Wilson ...... 1 00 Miss Belle Thompson.... 5 00 James Watts ...... 10 00 Two Members of First Young Ladies’ Missionary Church, New Concord, Society, Evanston, 111. 5 00 Ohio ...... 5 00 Rev. and Mrs. A. L. Yar- James Tinning ...... 10 00 nelle ...... 10 00 Miss Bertha Tinning 5 00 Miss Margaret Young .... 10 Oo R e i\ M. D. T elford ___ 1 00 Young Ladies’ Missionary Edifh Tim blin ...... 1 00 Society, Piqua, Ohio.. 5 00 R. D. T a g g a rt ...... 15 00 Young Ladies’ Missionary Two Friends ...... 10 00 .Society, Sterling, Kans. 30 00 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 309

Young Ladies’ Missionary Roneys’ P oint, W. V a .. . 200 00 Society, Second, To Second, Wheeling, W. Ya. 190 25 peka, K an s...... 5 00 Sharon, P a ...... 170 00 From Young Peoples' So First, Wheeling, W. Va. 169 05 ciety, Good Hope, Pitts North Philada., Pa ...... 165 00 burgh, P a ...... 10 00 First, Oakmont, Pa ...... 158 00 East 187th St., New York 40 00 Mansfield, Ohio ...... 157 75 Dalton, Ohio ...... 3 00 Second, Mercer, Pa ...... 153 91 Intermediate, Smith St., Oil City, Pa ...... 137 45 Paterson, N. J ...... 4 00 Clarinda, Iowa ...... 136 88 Hudson Presbytery ...... 96 -50 Sterling, Kansas ...... 136 48 New Brighton, Pa ...... 19 00 Parnassus, Pa ...... 135 68 First, Columbus, Ohio... 56 00 First, Crafton, Pa ...... 134 64 Second, Mercer, Pa ...... 10 00 Second, Philada., Pa ...... 133 00 Tenth, Philada., Pa ...... 7 45 New Bethlehem, New Hanover, 111...... 15 00 Sheffield, Pa ...... 124 52 New Bethlehem, New Waterloo, Iowa ...... 118 67 Sheffield, Pa ...... 15 00 Oak. Park, Philada., Pa. 118 00 Mifflin, Option, Pa ...... 25 00 Liower Chanceford, Air- Newton, Kans., Junior.. 1 00 ville, P a ...... 113 14 First, McKeesport, Pa... . 10 00 Boulevard, Philada., Pa. 110 84 Salinas, Calif...... 5 00 Dales Memorial, Philada., P a ...... 104 11 From Sabbath Schools:— First, Santa Ana, Calif. 103 8a U nity, P a ...... 100 00 Scottdale, Pa ...... 4 81 Clifton, Ohio ...... ,100 00 First, New Wilmington, Mount Ayr, Iow a .... 100 00 P a ...... 8 07 Mt. Pleasant, Hickory, Baraca Class, Ryegate, P a ...... 100 00 V t...... 10 00 First, Germantown, Phil Outlook Class, Second, ada., P a ...... 95 50 Washington, Pa ...... 10 00 Second, Wilkinsburg, Pa. 90 00 Class No. 11, Slippery First, Kansas City, Mo. 89 00 Rock, P a ...... 16 00 Clearfield. Iow a ...... 88 10 Richmond, Ohio ...... 50 00 Second, Xenia, Ohio.... 88 00 Golden Rule Class, First, Hoopeston, 111...... 88 00 New Concord, Ohio.... 16 00 First, Washington, Iowa 82 25 Hudson Presbytery ...... 13 33 New Athens, Ohio ...... 80 00 The M arg aret G. Smiley Fifth, Chicago, 111.... 80 00 Bible Class of Cedar- Guinston, Muddy Creek wood, Colo...... 2 00 F orks, P a ...... 75 25 Bloomfield, New Concord, Fairpoint, Unity, Ohio.. 75 00 Ohio ...... 5 00 First, Des Moines, Iowa.. 73 02 M ars, P a ...... 5 00 Seventh, Philada., Pa... 72 50 Boulevard, Philada., Pa. 19 16 First, McKeesport, Pa... 70 00 New Wilmington, Pa ___ 65 86 Third, Pittsburgh, Pa... 68 77 Oakmont, Pa ...... 100 00 Tenth, Philada., Pa ...... 65 50 New Bethlehem, New Oxford, P a ...... 65 25 Sheffield, Pa ...... 10 00 Paxton, 111...... 65 00 South Philada., Pa ...... 6 55 Lenox, Iowa ...... 6300 Bellevue, Pa ...... 25 00 New Bedford, Pa ..... 61 25 Women’s Class, Jefferson, Eighth, Pittsburgh, Pa.. . 60 65 Rodfield, Pa ...... 4 10 Bloomington, Ind ..... 60 00 Second, Mercer, Pa ...... 51 09 Bellaire, Ohio ...... 59 60 Sidney, Ohio ...... 3 00 Wharton Sq., Philada., The Rose Circle Clat^, P a ...... 59 00 Newton, Kans...... 3 50 Red Oak, Iowa ...... 58 00 Bethsaida, Tipton, Ind.. 20 00 Twelfth, Philada., Pa... 57 00 Infant Dept., Roneys’ Miffiin, Option, Pa ...... 55 00 Point, W. Va...... 25 00 West Middlesex, Pa ...... 55 00 Class, New Concord, Ohio. 2 10 McClennan Hgts., Daven Oak Park, Philada., Pa. 20 00 port, Iowa ...... 54 20 Fifth, Philada., Pa ...... 54 00 From Congregations:— Beechview, Pittsburgh, First, Allegheny, Pa ...... 6,080 78 P a ...... 53 86 Sixth, Pittsburgh, Pa... 4,354 85 Shenango, Westford, Pa. 51 75 Shadyside, Pittsburgh, Argyle, New York ...... 50 80 P a ...... 1,192 75 Big Spring, Newville, Pa. 50 65 T arkio, Mo...... 550 00 North Sandy, Sandy First, Buffalo, N. Y...... 500 00 Lake, Pa. .*...... 50 30 St. Clairsville, Ohio...... 387 00 Nampa, Idaho ...... 50 00 Second, New Wilming North Buffalo, Pa ...... 50 00 ton, P a ...... 325 00 Second, Buffalo, N. Y...... 50 00 Sewickley, Pa ...... 277 50 First, Los Angeles, Calif. 50 00 Second, Allegheny, Pa.. . 272 32 First, Allegheny, Pa., Fourth, Allegheny, Pa... 250 00 from Emma W. Patter Second, Washington. Pa. 249 20 son ...... 50 00 Fjrsti, Detroit, Mich...... 242 00 St. Clair, Pittsburgh, Pa. 50 00 Bellevue, Pa ...... 227 00 Harrisville, Ohio ...... 50 00 Cadiz, Ohio ...... 220 00 East Palestine, Ohio ------49 50 Norris Square, Philada., Stanwood, Iowa ...... 48 33 P a...... 213 46 Ottawa, Kans...... 45 00 310 Annual Report-—Detailed■Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

First, Seattle, W ash..... 45 00 The Cove, McConnells- Adamsville, Pa ...... 45 00 burg, P a ...... 15 25 First, Denver, Colo...... 44 95 West 44th St., New York 15 00 Gibson Hgts., St. Louis, Big Springy Tenn ...... 15 00 Mo...... 44 75 Andrew, Iowa, from H H ig h R idge, Ohio ...... 43 50 E. Strain, Mrs. H. E Fourth, Cleveland, Ohio 43 00 Strain and Mrs. S. M Sparta, I1L ...... 42 95 Gibson ...... 15 00 Lebanon, Pa ...... 42 25 Tomlinson Rim, Hooks Aspinwall, Pa ...... 42 00 tow n, P a ...... 15 0o Allerton, Iowa ...... 41 80 Millers Ferry, Ala...... 15 00 West Charlton, N. Y ...... 41 20 Bethel, Irwin, Pa ...... 14 9b Valencia, Pa...... 41 19 Mundale, Walton, N. Y 14 00 Coin, Iowa ...... 41 00 Birmingham, Mich. ... 14 00 Rock, Prairie, Wis...... 41 00 Latrobe, Pa ...... 13 00 Fowler, Calif...... 40 10 New Wilmington, Pa.. 12 75 Albany, N. Y...... 40 00 Neshannock, East Brook North Argyle, N. Y...... 40 00 P a ...... 12 30 Coila, N. Y...... 39 85 Freeport, Pa ...... 12 25 Jefferson, Baxter, Pa... 37 34 M exico, P a ...... 12 00 Second, Chicago, 111...... 37 00 First, Newark, N. J ___ 12 00 Plain Grove, Volant, Pa. 36 00 Economy, Ambridge, Pa 12 00 First, New Concord, Ohio 35 25 Waterford, Pa ...... 11 85 First, Central Falls, R. I. 35 00 Church of Strangers Jamestown, Pa ...... 33 10 Portland, Oregon ... 11 75 Greenville, Pa ...... 32 45 Deer Creek, Bakerstown Wallace Memorial, W ash P a ...... 11 00 ington, D. C...... 31 50 Fairhill, Philada., Pa,... 11 00 Jacksonville, Livermore, Hopewell, Tenn ...... 10 67 P a...... 30 00 Eighth, Philada., Pa.... 10 50 West Alexander, Pa ...... 30 00 Lisbon, Wis...... 10 00 Carmel, Hanover, Ind... 30 00 Hebron, N. Y...... 10 00 Salem, N. Y...... 28 85 Tilden, 111...... 10 00 Albia, Iowa ...... 28 45 Pitzer, Earlham, la. ... 10 00 Brookings, S. D ...... 28 00 Kittanning, Pa ...... 10 00 Eleventh, Pittsburgh, Pa. 27 15 Blairsville, Pa ...... 9 25 T roy, M ich...... 27 00 Stafford, Kans...... 9 18 The Cove, Second, Mc- First, Akron, Ohio ... 9 00 Connellsburg, Pa ...... 27 00 Florida, Pattersonville, N New Alexandria, Pa. .. 27 00 Y...... 9 00 Burchard, Nebr...... 26 30 Leesburg, Volant, Pa.. 9 00 W e st P h ilada., P a ...... 26 10 Second, Washington, la 9 00 Military Ave., Detroit, Du Bois, Pa ...... 8 50 M ich...... 25 85 Crete, Indiana, Pa. . 8 50 Romine Prairie, 111...... 25 78 B a rn e t, V t...... 8 Oo First, Cambridge, Ohio. 25 50 Peebles, Ohio ...... 8 00 Gilchrist, Memorial, Kort- Center Ridge, la ...... 8 00 right, N. Y...... 25 00 Grand Ave., St. Louis, Mo 8 00 East 187th St., New York 25 00 First, Newburgh, N. Y 8 00 Fair Ave., Columbus, O. 25 00 Highland, New Castle North Bend, Nebr...... 25 00 P a ...... is 00 W ooster, Ohio ...... 25 00 Stamford, Ontario, Can.. 7 00 Harlansburg, New Wil M ays, In d ...... 6 00 mington, Pa ...... 25 00 Woodland Ave., Philada Milton, Ontario, Canada 25 00 P a ...... Lincoln Ave., Pittsburgh, Elmwood, Des Moines, la P a ...... 25 00 -Southfield, Mich...... Carnahan Creek, Garri Majors, Nebr...... son, K a n s...... 24 24 Darlington, Pa ...... East Brook, Pa ...... 23 00 Richmond, Ohio ...... Monroe, Iowa ...... 22 50 Aledo, 111., from Lizzie Mt. Pleasant, Pa ...... 22 00 P. M cCrea ...... Olathe, Kansas ...... 21 43 Swissvale, Pa ...... Venice, McDonald, Pa... 20 50 Somonauk, 111...... Second, Topeka, Kans... 20 5u Power, Sheakleyville, Pa First, Oakland,- Calif___ 20 50 East Mansfield, Ohio... Morning Sun, Iow a ...... 20 15 Kenton, Ohio ...... West Fairfield, Pa ...... 20 00 Croatian Mission, N. S. First, New Castle, Pa... 20 00 Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 4 00 K irkw ood, 111...... 20 00 Iberia, Ohio, from Mr First, Wilkinsburg, Pa... 20 00 and Mrs. A. L. Auld.. Homer City, Pa...... 19 70 South Philada., Pa ...... Pueblo, Colo...... 19 50 Prairie, Ala...... Superior, Nebr...... 19 00 Americus, Kans...... Apollo, P a ...... 18 60 Pretty, Prairie. Kans... First, Greeley, Colo...... 18 00 Brown Ave., Erie, Pa.. Meridan, Butler, Pa ...... 17 00 Ryegate, Vt...... Uniontown, Ohio ...... 17 00 Wayne Ave., Dayton, O S alinas, C alif...... 16 05 Mt. Joy, O hio ...... Shushan, N. Y...... 16 00 New California, Ohio ... Hamilton, Ohio ...... 15 50 Reinbeck, Iow a ...... Millersburg, Ohio ...... 15 35 Second, Pittsburgh, Pa.. Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 311

Atlantic, Iowa ...... 5 00 JOHN BELL MEMORIAL FUND, S u n d rie s :— PRINCIPAL. W. H. Kimmelshue...... 5 00 Estate of John Bell, de Miss Annie J. McKee... 10 00 ceased ...... $15,156 25 W. M. S., Garnett Pres b y tery ...... 1 00 REV. JAMES PRICE, D.D., MEM W. M. S., Allegheny Pres ORIAL FUND, PRINCIPAL. b y tery ...... 5 00 Individual, Frankfort C ash ...... $50 00 Presbytery ...... 50 00 Mrs. J. A. Ferguson ...... 1 00 REV. DAVID M. URE, D.D., MEM $5,555 14 ORIAL FUND, PRINCIPAL. Estate of Rev. David M. GUJRANWALA SCHOOL, INDIA. Ure, D.D., d ecea sed $23,750 00 Estate of Mrs. Martha A sh en h u rst, d eceased .. $200 00 MRS. FRANCES M. TJRE MEMOR M essrs. Jo h n sto n B ro s... 100 00 IAL FUND, PRINCIPAL. Homewood, Pittsburgh, Pa., Congregation ___ 18 00 Estate of Frances M. Ure, Homewood, Pittsburgh, deceased ...... $26,969 24 Pa., Primary Depart m en t ...... 12 00 W. M. S., New Alexan WOMEN’S BOARD. dria, P a ...... 12 00 1914. M ay 19 ...... $200 00 $342 00 Ju n e 6 ...... 15,809 00 Ju n e 30 ...... 120 00 JOHN S. FOWLER EGYPTIAN OR July 11 ...... 8,094 00 PHANAGE FUND INCOME. Carnahan Creek, Kans... 12 84 1914. Ju ly 13 ...... 491 00 M ay 14 ...... $7 11 A ugust 7 ...... 3,875 00 M ay 20 ...... 90 00 September 12 ...... 8,245 00 Ju ly 14 ...... 45 00 September 19 ...... 3,700 00 Ju ly 25 ...... 35 81 September 22 ...... 265 64 September 28 ...... 33 37 O ctober 10 ...... 8,078 00 O ctober 24 ...... 57 50 November 7 ...... 8,182 50 N ovem ber 14 ...... 2 71 December 12 ...... 8,164 00 1915. December 14 ...... 171 00 January 11 ...... 26 57 December 15 ...... 5 40 February 5 ...... 22 47 December 22 ...... 200 00 F e b ru a ry 15 ...... 7 11 December 24 ...... 40 00 M arch 27 ...... 3 50 1915. A pril 22 ...... 52 02 Ja n u a ry 9 ...... 7,701 00 January 11 ...... 152 50 $383 17 February 6 ...... 10,157 00 February 8 ...... 224 50 INTEREST. February 15 ...... 200 00 M arch 8 ...... 6,943 00 Mortgage Interest Undes M arch 18 ...... 2,426 55 ig n ated ...... $702 49 A pril 9 ...... 325 00 Corn Exchange National A pril 10 ...... 8,980 00 B a n k ...... 596 31 A pril 12 ...... 767 30 F idelity T ru s t C om pany. 26 00 A pril 22 ...... 265 50 Income West Penn Rail road Gold B o n d s 100 00 $103,782 89

$1,424 8u MARTINPUR SCHOOL, INDIA. ANNUITY FUND, PRINCIPAL. Brotherhood Bible Class, Ingram , P a ...... $187 50 Miss Jane F. Bunyan, per Y. P. C. U., Steubenville Trustees’ General As Presbytery ...... 86 13 sem bly ...... $2,000 00 C. D. B e n t ...... 2,000 00 $273 63 Miss Mary J. Brown.... 1,000 00 Miss Janet Morrison... 1,000 00 NELSON PRATT BOYS’ SCHOOL, $6,000 00' MARTINPUR, INDIA. REV. JOHN M. ADAIR MEMORIAL Mrs. M ary E. P r a t t $400 00 FUND, PRINCIPAL. SUDAN FUND. Sixth, Pittsburgh, Pa., •Estate of Rev. John M. Men’s Association...... $2,800 00 Adair, deceased ... $121 85 Sixth, Pittsburgh, Pa., Men’s Association, Be NATHANIEL B. HAYDEN MEMOR quest of William Cataip- bell, deceased ...... 238 12 IAL FUND, PRINCIPAL. . A Friend of Missions----- 15 00 Carroll Co., Ohio, Mort gage ...... $1,920 00 $3,053 12 312 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

SPECTALS TO EGYPT. Riverside, Cal., Congre g atio n ...... 5 00 Bequest, Estate of Miss Rev. Robert McN. K err.. 4 00 Margaret Pringle, de- Individual, per Missionary ' ceased ...... $487 00 and Efficiency Commit The Whiteside Family.. 400 00 tee ...... 2 00 Los Angeles Presby Rev. W . B. A nderson, tery, Beaumont, Cal., D.D...... 1 25 Congregation ...... 360 00 First, Washington, Iowa, St. Clair Congregation, Congregation ...... Mt. Lebanon, Pa 287 35 1 00 W. B. Ewing ...... 250 00 $3,932 60 World’s Sunday School Association ...... 250 00 GIRLS’ COLLEGE, CAIRO. A ccount A. E. K elsey .. 250 00 Friends, per Rev. J. Miss Mary L. Kennedy.. $1,000 0i Kruidenier, D.D ...... 150 00 Miss Alice Bridge ...... 250 00 Rev. Bruce J. Giffen 123 25 A Friend, Culdesac, Idaho 5 00 A. H. Trimble ...... 100 50 Albia, Iowa, Congrega- Individual, Andes, N. Y. 100 00 tio n ...... 4 10 Miss Margaret Scott 75 00 Y. W. M. S., F irs t, S te u $1,259 10 benville, Ohio ...... 75 00 J. H. Ma-xwell ...... 61 00 LIBRARY ENDOWMENT FUND, Rev. Dr. and Mrs. R. W. ASSIUT COLLEGE. K idd ...... 60 00 Mary W. Borden, per Edw. Harkness ...... $50 00 Rev. J, Kruidenier, D.D. 50 00 D.D...... 50 00 ASSIUT COLLEGE. Ed. M. Hill, per Rev. J. Miss Christina Arbuckle. $1,000 00 Kruidenier, D.D ...... 50 00 Rev. Henry Wallace, Mrs. I. H. Jamison, per LL.D ...... 300 00 Rev. J. Kruidenier, D.D. 50 00 Edw. Harkness ...... 100 00 Rev. H. G. McVey 50 00 M iss Josephine W allace. 60 00 A Friend, Allegheny, Pa. 50 00 Mrs. Anna Scott Patter $1,460 00 son ...... 50 00 Percy L. Craig ...... 50 00 ESTATE OF W7LLIAM WHITTNG Rev. J. L. Barton, D.D... 50 00 BORDEN, DECEASED. Mrs. Elizabeth McGeoch. 35 00 First Italian Baptist 1915. Church, New York.... 31 50 M arch 17 ...... $1,125 00 Central, Omaha, Neb., Birthday Fund ...... 30 00 LIBRARY FUND, TANTA GIRLS’ L. M. S., Seventh, Phila SCHOOL. delphia, Pa ...... 27 00 Christian Association, Friends, per Miss Carol Wellesley College 25 00 E. McMillan ...... $61 52 Miss R. I. Stewart 25 00 Alvan R. Hunt ...... 25 00 ESTATE OF WILLIAM REED, DE Miss Beulah Chalmers... 25 00 CEASED. Miss Stella E. Burns 25 00 1914. First, Mansfield, Ohio, May 6 ...... $339 23 Sabbath School ...... 25 00 INDIA FAMINE ORPHANS’ FUND. Miss Eula McClenahan.. 25 00 Mr. an d Mrs. D. C. McGee $25 00 Dr. and Mrs. M. C. Ram- Stanwood, Iowa, Sabbath aley ...... 20 00 School ...... 15 85 M iss A gnes E. Y oung 20 00 B. Krikorian ...... 20 00 $40 85 Miss Nettie Robertson... 15 00 INDIA PERMANENT EQUIPMENT Shadyside Congregation, FUND. Pittsburgh, Pa...... 15 00 A. N. F ra se r, T reasu rer $1,896 12 Y. W. M. S., Second, To Shadyside Congregation, peka, K a n s...... 15 00 Pittsburgh, Pa...... 1,016 00 Three Organizations, Al First, Allegheny, Pa., bany, Ore...... 15 00 Congregation ...... 153 00 Seventh, Philadelphia, W. E. McClure...... 10 00 Pa., Dorcas Teas So ciety ...... 10 32 Mt. Pleasant, Pa., Con Young Ladies’ Bible greg atio n ...... 5 00 Class, Central Park White Gift ...... 5 00 Presbyterian Church, 5,085 12 Chicago, HI...... 10 00 Brookings, S. D., Sabbath SPECIALS TO INDIA. School ...... 10 00 Miss Elizabeth Morrow.. 10 00 Hutchinson, Kans., Cön Mr. and M rs. Jo h n C. g reg atio n ...... $400 00 B ailor ...... 10 00 Miss Emma Dean Ander R;ev. F ra n k lin A. C ollins. 8 43 son ...... 285 00 Duncanville, 111.; Congre Queen Esther Circle gation ...... 8 00 First, Chicago, 111. ... 240 00 Miss Anna A. Mflligan. . 5 00 Rev. Osborne Crowe... 180 00 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 313

Oakmont, Pa., Sabbath- M ass...... 16 00 School ...... 175 00 Belle Center, Ohio, Con R. K. T o rran ce ...... 175 00 g regation ...... 10 00 Miss Jean Morrison ...... 162 50 Hon. J. H. Stavely 10 00 Rev. J. W. Lawrence.... 142 00 Miss Belle Forsythe ___ 10 00 Individual, Illinois South Miss Helen Anderson.... 8 35 ern Presbytery ...... 110 00 Hickory, Pa., Sahbath F. G. B ry ce ...... 100 00 School Class ...... ,... 5 00 Latrobe, Pa., Sab-ath Miss Anna Dunn ...... 5 00 School ...... 100 00 Mrs. L. C. Morgan 5 00 R. L. E. Chambers 100 00 Miss Margaret Hardy Rev. A. B. Caldwell, Un B row n ...... 1 00 expended Traveling B a la n c e ...... 86 24 $3,808 92 L. C. Jo h n sto n ’s S abbath School Class, Fourth, SPECIALS TO SUDAN. A llegheny, P a ...... 85 00 Mr. and Mrs. James K. Y. P. C. U., S terling, K ennedy ...... 85 00 K an s...... $60 00 Tarkio, Mo., Sabbath Mrs. C. B. Guthrie 51 00 School ...... 82 50 India Mission Sabbath First, Mansfield, Ohio, School ...... 12 56 Sabbath School ...... 75 00 Mission Study Class, Fort Mrs. Johnston’s Sabbath Crook, N eb...... 9 00 School Class, Eighth, Primary -Department, Vi Allegheny, Pa ...... 75 00 ola, III ...... 2 00 Y. W. M. S., F o u rth , Dr. Hugh R. Magill, Un Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 75 00 expended Balance ...... 52 38 Lowrie Anderson, Unex pended Traveling Bal $186 94 ance ...... 60 00 Mrs. Josephine D. Mar SUDAN BOYS’ HOME. tin ...... 50 00 Mrs. J. G. B ull...... $5 00 Senior and Intermediate Summerfield, Kans., Con Y. P. C. U., F irst, gregation ...... 5 00 Seattle, Wash ...... 50 00 Elmwood, Des Moines, Friends, Second, Phila 3 43 delphia, Pa., Congrega la., Congregation ...... tion ...... 50 00 Clearfield, Iowa, Congre Loyal Daughters’ Class, gation ...... 61 No. 12, Latrobe, Pa 50 00 F riends, p er Rev. C. S. $14 04 Cleland, D.D ...... 50 00 SUDAN BOYS’ SCHOOL. Dow Aikin, Sallie N. Aikin, John P. Aikin, Mansfield, Ohio, Congre W. E. Aikin and E. g ation ...... $5 00 Mabel Aikin ...... 50 00 Olathe, Kans., Congrega Mr. and Mrs. Elmer Crum 50 00 tion ...... 2 00 Mrs. Carrie M. Brown... 50 00 H . C. K irk p a tric k . 50 00 $7 00 M iss C. M. W. F o s te r .... 45 00 Miss M. Henrietta Cow- ROBERT ARTHINGTON FUND. den ...... 41 00 Second, Chicago, 111., 1914. Congregation ...... 40 00 July 24; Dietrich Reimer $22 78 T. M. S m ith ...... 39 00 1915. Messrs. Samuel Torrence M arch 26,; C ash ...... 17 00 and T. G. Peacock ...... 35 00 Third, Pittsburgh, Pa., $39 78 Sabbath School ...... 31 08 J. W. Calhoun ...... 30 00 MATURED ANNUITY DONATIONS. Sabbath School Class No. 3, Greensburg, Pa. ... 27 75 M rs. M ary J. W a tt $1,000 00 Ottawa, Kans., Congrega Rev. N. H. Brown, D iD ... 1,000 00 tion ...... 25 50 Rev. P. W. F ree, D .D ... 500 00 Y. W. M. S. and M ission Study Class, of Miss $2,500 00 Lenoire Colwell ...... 25 00 E a s t New Castle>, Pa.'* WOMEN’S BOARD ACCOUNT. Sabbath School ...... 25 00 Sand Hill, Fairview, Ohio, Rev. J. W. Ballantyne, Congregation ...... $20 00 D.D...... 25 00 Mrs. J. J. Armstrong ...... 25 00 LADIES’ MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. Mrs. Hobson ...... 24 00 Mrs. H. J. McClure’s Sab Hanover, 111...... $25 00 bath School Class, Con- First, Baltimore, Md 13 00 neaut Lake, Pa .... 20 00 West Hebron, N. Y 10 75 Y. P. C. U., Johnstown, Evanston, 111...... 10 00 N.i Y...... 20 00 Lisbon, Wis...... 10 00 Misb Jane E. Martin, Un Coal Valley, 111...... 6 00 expended Balance ...... 17 00 W. M. S., Fall River. $74 75 314 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

EGYPTIAN TRUST FUND INCOME. SARAH A SAWYER MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. 1914. 1914. M ay 6 ...... $41 25 Ju n e 23 ...... $75 00 Ju ly 18 ...... 10 13 September 28 ...... 13 55 October 24 ...... 21 00 O ctober 24 ...... 55 50 November 6 ...... 11 25 December 21 ...... 75 00 N ovem ber 11 ...... 30 00 1915. 1915. M arch 27 ...... 19 50 A pril 22 ...... 26 38 A pril 6 ...... 55 50 A pril 24 ...... 32 25 $294 05 $172 26 ARCHIBALD LENDRUM FUND MATTHEW NICKLE MEMORIAL. INCOME. FUND INCOME. 1914. M ay 20 ...... $34 29 1914. Ju n e 23 ...... 39 00 M ay 14 ...... $39 00 Ju n e 29 ...... 1 30 November 6 ...... 39 00 Ju ly 20 ...... 90 00 Ju ly 25 ...... 123 81 $78 00 A ugust 3 ...... 34 28 O ctober 5 ...... 45 00 MATTHEW NICKLE 'MEMORIAL October 24 ...... 30 00 FUND IN TRUST, INCOME. N ovem ber 14 ...... 34 29 N ovem ber 23 ...... 3 43 1914. December 21 ...... 39 00 M ay 14 ...... $51 00 1915. November 6 ...... 51 00 January 23 ...... 153 00 February 5 ...... 60 81 $102 00 February 15 ...... 34 29 M arch 2 ...... 1 30 REV. JOHN B. DALES, D.D., SEMI M arch 27 ...... 12 00 CENTENNIAL FUND INCOME. A pril 6 ...... 33 00 A pril 22 ...... 16 20 1915. A pril 2 2 ...... $250 00 A pril 24 ...... 30 00 $815 00 WALLACE KIDD MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. L. AND M. E. A. FUND INCOME. 1914. 1914. Ju n e 16 ...... $30 00 Ju n e 29 ...... $30 00 December 5 ...... 30 00 December 28 ...... 30 00 $60 00 $60 00 MRS. ELIZA J. DALES MEMORIAL PRES SLY MEMORIAL FUND IN FUND INCOME. COME. 1914. 1914. M ay 14 ...... - $23 03 M ay 14 ...... $6 92 A ugust 25 ...... 82 50 October 13 ...... 7 69 O ctober 8 ...... 20 25 1915. 1915. F e b ru a ry 15 ...... 6 92 February 15 ...... 105 53 A pril 6 ...... 13 08 A pril 7 ...... 20 25 $34 61' A pril 22 ...... 122 24 $373 80 ME. AND MRS. GEO. S. BRUSH 1914. STERRETT AND AGNES CUM A u g u st 25 ...... $30 00 MINGS MEMORIAL FUND 1915. INCOME. F e b ru a ry 24 ...... 30 00 1914. _ M ay 6 ...... $4 50 $60 00 July 18 ...... 4 05 November 6 ...... 4 50 GIBSON TRUST FUND INCOME. 1915. 1914. A pril 22 ...... 41 85 Ju ly 1 ...... $486 52 A pril 24 ...... 4 50 September 1 ...... 133 33 $59 40 O ctober 3 ...... 133 33 November 2 ...... 133 33 CAMPBELL B. HERRON MEMOR- December 2 ...... 133 33 . IAL FUND INCOME. 1914. Ja n u a ry 2 ...... 133 33 Ju n e 29 ...... $20 00 February 1 ...... 1 50 Ju ly 18 ...... 72 00 February 3 ...... 133 33 1915. M arch 3 ...... 133 33 M arch 2 ...... 20 00 A pril 2 ...... 13» 33 A pril 2 2 ...... 84 86 $1,554 66 A pril 2 3 ...... ; ----- 72 00 $268 86 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 315

SAMUEL KERR FUND INCOME. ELLA JANE DYSART FUND IN 1914. COME. M ay 6 ...... $79 50 1914. M ay 14 ...... 18 00 Ju n e 29 ...... $15 00 Ju n e 16 ...... 3 00 December 28 ...... 15 00 Ju n e 29 ...... 36 30 Ju ly 18 ...... 71 55 $30 00 Ju ly 20 ...... 15 00 Ju ly 25 ...... 36 00 A u g u st 3 ...... 15 00 MARY STERRIT MEMORIAL FUND A ugust 24 ...... 12 90 O ctober 8 ...... 6 75 INCOME. October 24 ...... 2 50 1914. November 6 ...... 79 50 M ay 6 ...... $14 29 D ecem ber 5 ...... 3 00 November 11 ...... 14 29 December 28 ...... 36 30 1915. $28 58 January 19 ...... 36 00 January 23 ...... 15 00 ELIZA CHRISTIE FUND INCOME. February 5 ...... 15 00 1914. February 15 ...... 18 00 M ay 6 ...... $21 61 February 24 ...... 18 30 July 6 ...... 54 00 A pril 7 ...... 6 75 July 14 ...... 36 00 A pril 12 ...... 27 90 July 25 ...... 8 38 A pril 2 2 ...... 71 55 A ugust 25 ...... 60 00 A pril 24 ...... 79 50 November 11 ...... 21 61 December 21 ...... 54 00 $703 30 1915. January 11 ...... 36 00 February 5 ...... 8 38 MARY L. PRATT FUND INCOME. February 24 ...... 60 00 1914. April 22 ...... 108 33 Ju ly 25 ...... $9 00 1915. $468 31 January 19 ...... 9 00 JOSEPH AND ELIZA BARR MEM $18 00 ORIAL FUND INCOME. 1015. JAMES JUNK FUND INCOME. April 22 ...... $102 92 1914. JAMES AND AGNES SANKEY Ju n e 16 ...... $37 50 Ju n e 29 ...... 12 00 MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. Ju ly 20 ...... 37 50 1914. Ju ly 25 ...... • 33 00 A ugust 25 ...... $30 00 October 24 ...... 30 00 1915. December 5 ...... 37 50 February 15 ...... 30 00 December 28 ...... 12 00 1915. $60 00 January 19 ...... 33 00 February 5 ...... 37 50 ROBERTSON MEMORIAL FUND A pril 24 ...... 30 00 INCOME. 1914. $300 00 July 25 ...... $15 00 1915. January 19 ...... 15 00 MRS. JANE E. MACK MEMORIAL FUND. $30 00 1914. A ugust 12 ...... $12 00 ELIZABETH ADAIR CURRIE A ugust 24 ...... 3 00 FUND INCOiME. 1915. 1914. A pril 12 ...... 15 00 M ay 20 ...... $15 71 Ju ly 25 ...... 27 00 $30 00 A ugust 3 ...... 15 72 November 14 ...... 15 71 November 23 ...... 1 57 .T4MES S. McNARY FUND IN 1915. January 23 ...... 27 00 COME. February 15 ...... '... 15 71 1914. Ju n e 29 ...... $36 70 $118 42 July 18 ...... 36 00 Ju ly 25 ...... 25 80 December 28 ...... 26 70 REV. W. W. BARR, D.D., MEMOR 1915. IAL FUND INCOME. January 19 ...... 25 80 1914. M arch 2 ...... 10 00 Ju ly 25 ...... $15 00 A pril 22 ...... 42 43 1915. A pril 23 ...... 36 00 January 23 ...... 15 00 $239 43 $30 00 316 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

MARGARET WILSON .MEMORIAL ROBERT WOOD LYNN MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. BED. 1914. Ju ly 6 ...... $30 00 H u g h L ynn $50 00 A ugust 10 ...... 7 20 D ecem ber 21 ...... 30 00 ROBERT WOOD LYNN MEMORIAL 1915. SCHOLARSHIP. M arch 16 ...... 7 20 H ugh L y n n ...... $50 00 f74 40 CHARITY PORTER MEMORIAL ROBERT DWIGHT FOSTER MEM FUND INCOME. ORIAL FUND INCOME. 1914. 1914. October 24 ...... $57 00 Ju ly 14 ...... $30 00 1915. 1915. A pril 12 ...... 28 50 January ll ...... 30 00 $85 50 $60 00 REV. JOHN M. ADAIR MEMORIAL VIRGINIA M. HANEY MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. FUND INCOME. 1915. 1914. A pril 19 ...... $42 49 O ctober 5 $30 00 1915. M arch 27 18 00 NATHANIEL B. HAYDEN MEM A pril 6 .. 12 00 ORIAL FUND INCOME. 1915. $60 00 A pril 1 2 ...... $57 60 THOMAS S. AND MARY J. ALEXANDER H. McARTHUR McCLANAHAN MEMORIAL FUND, INCOME. FUND INCOME. 1914. 1914. Ju n e 29 ...... •----- $30 00 M ay 14 ...... $30 00 1915. November 14 ...... 30 00 M arch 2 ...... 30 00 $60 00 $60 00

McCARRELL-MOORE FUND IN REV. JAMES PRICE, D.D., MEM COME. ORIAL FUND, INCOME. 1914. 1915. A ugust 3 ...... $30 00 A pril 6 ...... $7 00 1915. February 5 ...... 30 00 JOHN BELL MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. $60 00 1914. Ju n e 19 $60 00 MRS. AGNES A. CLARK, JESSIE A u g u st 25 ...... 60 00 AND MARY CLARK MEMORIAL December 19 ...... 60 00 FUND INCOME. December 23 ...... 20 00 1914. 1915. M ay 14 ...... $6 00 February 15 ...... 60 00 O ctober 24 ...... 9 00 A pril 30 ...... 8 45 November 14 ...... 6 00 1915. $268 45 A pril 24 ...... 9 00 MARY BOYLE MEMORIAL FUND $30 00 INCOME PER THE TRUSTEES KENNETH WILSON SMITH MEM OF THE GENERAL ASSEM ORIAL FUND INCOME. BLY. 1914. 1914. November 6 ...... $161 37 October 13 ...... $2 50 1915. 1915.. February 24 ...... 240 00 A pril 6 ...... 4 25 ?4t>l 37 $6 75 NELSON PRATT MEMORIAL JOHN AND ANN JANE CRAIG FUND INCOME. MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. 1914. 1914. October 13 ...... $10 00 September 28 ...... $22 08 1915. 1915. April 6 ...... 17 00 M arch 27 ...... 31 50 $27 00 $53 5S Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 317

MARTHA J. McGINNIS MEMORIAL. November 16 ...... 136 00 FUND INCOME. November 30 ...... 75 00 1914. December 17 ...... 69 00 Ju n e 29 ...... $9 75 1915. 1915. Ja n u a ry 15 ...... is 00 Marcih 2 ...... 9 75 February 5 ...... 13 34 M arch i ...... 50 00 $19 50 M arch 27 ...... 2 00 A pril 2 ...... 90 00 REV. DAVID M. U R J E , D.D., M EM A pril 6 ...... 60 00 A pril 15 ...... 18 00 ORIAL. FUND INCOME. 1914. $875 23 July 1 ...... $90 00 A ugust 3 ...... 525 69 MISCELLANEOUS. O ctober 1 ...... 90 00 October 15 ...... 43 75 Annuity Fund Income, November 14 ...... 27 64 G eneral ...... $2,822 96 November 17 ...... 141 00 A. M. N ickle, L oan to 1915. E gypt ...... 500 00 Ja n u a ry 2 ...... 90 00 Annuity Fund Income, January 15 ...... 43 75 Special ...... 546 00 January 22 ...... 78 00 Northwestern Mutual A pril 1 ...... 90 00 Life Insurance Com A pril 15 ...... 43 75 pany, Special, Egypt.. 616 64 David C. Cook Co., Spe $1,263 58 cial, Egypt ...... 2 02 United Presbyterian MRS. FRA N C ES M. U R E MEMOR Board of Publication, Special, India ...... 10 00 IAL. FU N D INCOM E. Presbyterian Ministers’ 1914. Fund, Special, InSia.. 2 75 Ju ly 30 ...... $215 89 Priscilla Publishing Co., September 23 ...... 50 00 Special, India ...... 1 00 O ctober 9 ...... 60 00 October 15 ...... 18 00 $4,501 37 318 Annual Report—Receipts.

Receipts from 1859 to 1915. 1859 ...... $ 8,574 00 1898 Ordinary Sources, . 114,330 17 1860 ...... 14,332 77 1898 Trust Funds, etc., . 10,416 70 1861...... 21,274 68 1899 Ordinary Sources, . 138,982 22 1862 ...... 23,116 32 1899 Trust Funds, etc., . 13,062 50 1863 ...... 25,888 35 1900 Ordinary Sources, . 136,870 76 1864 ...... 37,880 37 1900 Trust Funds, etc., . 35,365 46 1865 ...... 78,109 49 1901 Ordinary Sources, . 162,727 92 1866 ...... 55,738 10 1901 Trust Funds, etc, . 46,382 46 1867 ...... 61,955 10 1902 Ordinaiy Sources, . 148,212 29 1868 ...... 71,699 76 1902 Trust Funds, etc., . 38,874 30 1869 ...... 50,624 62 1903 Ordinary Sources, . 184,515 78 1870 ...... 51,866 59 1903 Trust Funds, etc., . 69,289 19 1 871...... 47,620 74 1904 Ordinary Sources, . 194,405 18 1872 ...... 51,694 89 1904 Trust Funds, etc., . 24,833 42 1873 ...... 60,640 60 1905 Ordinary Sources, . 176,266 05 1874 ...... 59,460 98 1905 Trust Funds, etc., . 75,310 28 1875 ...... 66,777 76 1906 Ordinary Sources, . 184,339 77 1876 ...... 60,126 66 1906 Trust Funds, etc., . 78,029 66 1877 ...... 74,015 70 1907 Ordinary Sources, . 178,557 30 1878 ...... 47,551 01 1907 Trust Funds, etc., . 88,636 67 1879 ...... 61,321 93 1907 Special Donations . 93,000 00 1880 ...... : . . . 66,958 29 1908 Ordinary Sources, . 200,299 58 1881...... 65,032 33 1908 Trust Funds, etc., . 106,498 02 1882 ...... 77,859 80 1908 Special Donations . 1-2,000 00 1883 ...... 102,839 46 1909 Ordinary Sources, . 2 4,258 57 1884 ...... 69,186 22 1909 Trust Funds, etc., . 146,93* 5ti 1886 ...... 71,787 96 1909 Special Donations . 37,000 00 1886 ...... 86,352 77 1910 Ordinary Sources, . 203,591 51 1887 ...... 83,943 80 1910 Trust Funds, etc., . 135,503 77 1888 ...... 100,323 11 1910 Special Donations . 8,000 00 1889 ...... 108,585 13 1911 Ordinary Sources, . 222,324 89 1890 ...... 100,539 36 1911 Trust Funds, etc., . 122/62 66 1 8 9 1...... 105,116 17 1912 Ordinary Sources, . 222,343 09 1892 ...... 112,816 02 1912 Trust Funds, etc., . 157,396 76 1893 ...... 115,892 87 1913 Ordinary Sources, . 274,094 06 1894 ...... 112,314 54 1913 Trust Funds, etc., . 185,728 62 1895 Ordinary Sources, . 104,905 80 1914 Ordinary Sources, . 263,962 38 1895 Trust Funds, etc., . 14,425 88 1914 Trust Funds, etc., i 185,243 84 1896 Ordinary Sources, . 122,938 65 1915 Ordinary Sources, . 290,470 80 1896 Trust Funds, etc., 7,882 22 1915 Trust Funds, etc., . 239,358 20 1897 Ordinary Sources, . f 120,520 74 1897 Trust Funds, etc., 9,000 00 Annual Report— Incorporation^ 319

ACT OF INCORPORATION.

A n A c t t o I n c o r p o r a t e t h e B o a r d o f F o r e i g n M is s io n s o f t h e U n i t e d P resbyterian C h u r c h o f N o r t h A m e r i c a .

W hereas, The General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church of North America has a Board of Foreign Missions composed of ministers and laymen, members of the said church, the design of which is the establishing and conducting Christian Missions among the unevangelized or pagan nations, and the general diffusion of Christianity. A nd W hereas, The aforesaid Board of Foreign Missions labors under serious disadvantages as to receiving donations and bequests, and as to the management of funds entrusted to them for the purpose designated in their Constitution, and in accordance with the benevolent intentions of those from whom such bequests and donations are received ; therefore : Section i . Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and is hereby enacted by the authority of the same : That James Prestley, John B. Dales, Francis Church, Thomas H. Hanna, Samuel C. Huey, William Getty, TTiomas Stinson, and William W. Barr, citizens of the United States and of the Commonwealth of Pennsyl vania and their successors, are hereby constituted and declared to be a body politic and corporate, which shall henceforth be known by the name of the Board of Foreign Missions of th e U nited Presbyterian C hurch of N orth A merica, and as such shall have perpetual succession, and be able to sue and be sued in all the courts of record and elsewhere, and to purchase and receive, take and hold to them and their successors forever, lands, tenements, hereditaments, money, goods and chattels and all kind of estate which may be devised, bequeathed or given to them, and the same to sell, alien, demise and convey, also to make and use a common Seal, and the same to alter and renew at their pleasure, and also to make such rules, by-laws and ordinances, as may be needful for the government of the said Corporation, and not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the United States and this State. Provided always, that the clear and annual income of the real and personal estate held by this Corporation shall not at any time exceed the sum of twenty thousand dollars. The Corpora tion or persons above named shall hold their offices for three years from the date of this act, and until their successors are duly qualified to take their places who shall be chosen at such times and in such way and manner as shall be prescribed by the said General Assembly of the United Presby terian Church of North America. The said Board hereby incorporated and iheir successors shall be subject to the direction of said General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, have full power to mar age the funds and property committed to their care in such a manner as shall be most advantageous, not being contrary to law. Ja m e s R. K e l l y , Speaker of the House of Representatives. D. F l e m i n g , Speaker of the Senate. Approved the Twelfth day of A D r i l , Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six. A. G. Curtin, Governor. 3?o Outline of Missionary Sermons and Addresses,

OUTLINES FOR MISSIONARY SERMONS AND ADDRESSES.

Note—In some cases paragraphs or sections of paragraphs on a page are designated by letters, as “a,” “b,” “c,” etc., following the number of the page. I. Conditions: 1. Of Poverty, 172c, 262b. 2. Of Ignorance, 133d, 197b. 3. Of General Degradation, 103b, 114g, 115a, 121. 4. Of Spiritual Degradation, 99ac, 101b, 175bd, 199, 200. 5. Of Fanaticism, 100b, 200b. 6. Degradation of Women, 91d, 199. II. Mission Districts: To present the entire work of any single district, look up the page references given under the name of that district in the Topical Index. III. Missionary Methods: An effective address can be given on the various methods used on the foreign field. Look up page references under each method given in the Topical Index. A logical classi fication of the various missionary methods is the follow ing: 1. Evangelistic Work: (1) 'Congregational. (a) Preaching, see Congregational in Top ical Index. (b) Sabbath School, see Sabbath Schools in ; Topical Index. (c) Christian Endeavor, see Christian En deavor Society in Topical Index. (2) Harem or Zenana Work, 91-104, 190-195. ( 3) Itinerating. (a) By Boat, 87-89, 96, 97, 134, 135. (b) In Tents, 173-200. 2. Educational Work: (1) Literary. a (a) Primary or Village Schools, 115, 116/ 201-206. (b) City High or Boarding Schools, 106-120, 207-212, 214-218, 245-251. (c) Special Institutions, Colleges, Semi naries, 88, 109, 111-113', 121-123, 219, 221 (2) Industrial, 212-214, 267, 268. Outlines of Missionary Sermons and Addresses. 321

3. Medical Work: (1) Hospitals, see Hospitals in Topical Index. (2) Dispensaries, 224, 225, 261-265. (3) Itinerating, 134, 135. 4. Book Work: See Book Distribution in Topical Index. (1) Preparation of Literature. (2) Distribution. (a) Book Shops and Reading Rooms. (b) Colporteurs. (c) Missionary Itinerating.

IV. Money: 1. The American Church’s Gifts, 37, 44-46. 2. The Urgency of the Need, 38, 52-54. 3. The Grace of Giving in Mission Lands, see all page refer ences to Self-Support. v. Needs: 1. Owing to Number of Heathen Unreached, 82, 83, 87, 91, 103b, 175c, 184, 196, 261-265. 2. Owing to Number of Converts Requiring Care, 71, 72, 77c, 173c, 177c, 198, 244, 246-251, 253f. 3. Owing to Conditions of People, see above under “I. Con ditions.” 4. Owing to Lack of Proper Equipment, Buildings, 108d, HOcd, 111c, 201, 202, 212a, 214b, 254, 255, 256.

VI. Opposition Encountered: See Opposition in Topical Index.

VII. Prayer: 1. Appeals Made for Prayer, see “Prayer Asked for,” in Top ical Index. 2. Efficacy of Prayer, 78, 163b.

VIII. Successes: 1. Numerical, see Statistical. 2. Change of Character, 78b, 197c, 178b, 179c, 185c, 200b, 210, 222c, 250d, 264, 265. 3. Liberality, see Self-Support in Topical Index. 4. Opening Doors, see Opportunity in Topical Index. 322 Topical Index.

TOPICAL INDEX.

Note—In some cases paragraphs or sections of paragraphs on a page are designated by letters, as “a,” “b,” “c,” etc., following the number of the page. Act of Incorporation, 319. Cairo Christian University, 31, Address— Of Board Officers, 4 ; of 109e. Missionaries, 6, 7, 8. Cairo Girls’ College, or Boarding Administration, Changes in, 40. School, 121-123. Alexandria, 81, 93def, 94, 106e, 107. Catholics, see Roman Catholics. “Allegheny,” 96b, 97, 134, 135. Christian Endeavor Society: In Alphabetical List of Missionaries, Egypt, 68-70. 271-278. Christian Training Institute, 208. Annuities, 14. Christian University for Egypt, Appropriations, see Budget. 31, 109e. Arya Samaj League, 184b, 205c. Church., Native, see Congrega Assembly, Report of Board to, tional. 15-49; Committee on Foreign Colleges, see Assiut College, Cairo Board, 50, 51; Appropriations, Girls’ College, Gordon Mission see Budget; Report of Women’s College. Board, 55-58; Committee on Colporteur, see Book Distribution. Women’s Board, 59-60. Congregational Life: In Egypt, A ssiut, 69ab, 88d, 89, 94d, 95, 111- 66-80; in India, 162-173; in Su 113. dan, 245-251. Assiut College, 88d, 111-113. Conferences, 29. Assiut Hospital, 131-133. Contents, Table of, 2. Associate Secretaries, 30, 40. Contributions, see Finance, Self- Atbara, 246d, 247, 255. Support, Treasurer’s Report. Automobile in Mission Work, 159, Copts, 72a, 74, 75, 81d, 89bc, 95a. 160, 161. Correspondence with Missionar Azhar University, 85a. ies, 6-8, 14. Beneficence, see Finance, also Corresponding Secretary, 30, 40. Self-Support. Deaths: Mrs. R. E. Ayers, 33, Benha, 67, 68, 83, 84, 97e, 98, 108e. 155; Rev. J. W. Ballantyne, 34; Beni Suef, 87c, 101c, 110a. Miss Elizabeth G. Gordon, 33: Bequest, Form of, 14. Miss E. M. Minger, 33, 157; Rev. Bhera, 224, 225. Name of this Mis Thos. McCague, D.D., 65; W . E. sion Station is now Sargodha. Nicoll, 156. Bible, see Book Distribution. Debt, 38-40. Bible Schools in India, 180-182. Bible Societies, see Book Distri Departments of Work: bution. See Evangelistic, Educational, Bible and Prayer Conferences, see Sabbath School, Harem or Wo Summer Schools. men’s Work, Book Distribtttion, Board of Foreign Missions: Mem Medical; also Congregational. bers of, 4, 5 ; Time of Meeting, Dhariwal, 214. 4 ; Report to Assembly, 15-49; Districts, see Mission Districts. Assembly’s Committee on, 50-51. Doleib Hill, 255, 262d, 263. Book Distribution: In Egypt, 67c, Educational Work: In Egypt, 31, 85a, 127-130. In India, 189, 190. 105-124; in India, 201-221; in In Sudan, 260. Sudan, 254-259. Budget, 38, 52-54. Egypt— Missionaries’ Addresses, 6, Cablegram, Pastor’s, 29. 7 ; Statistics, 9, see Statistical; Cairo, 84, 99b, 109d. Past Year in, 16-20; Christian Topical Index. 323 University, 31; Report of Mis “Ibis,” 87e, 88, 89bc. sion, 63-150; Introduction, 63-65; Illustrations, List of, 3. Native Evangelical Church, 66- 80; Evangelistic Work, 81-90; Illustrations for Missionary Ad Harem Work, 91-104; Educa dresses, etc.—See also pages tional Work, 105-124; Book De 320-321. partment, 127-130; Medical EGYPT: An Interesting Letter W ork, 131-142; Missionaries by from a Young Copt, 69d, 70; A Stations, 1914, 143-144; Statis Stolen Church, 71d, 72a; A tics, 145-150. Meeting Closed by Bullets, 72d ; “Egypt and the Christian Cru Breaking the Moslem Opposi sade,” see inside of Cover. tion, 73d; A Thief who Confess Egyptian Sudan, see Sudan; “Sor ed, 78b; The Fam ily A ltar in row and Hope of the Egyptian the Egyptian Church, 78d, 79a; Sudan,” see inside of Cover. A Loyal Christian, 81c; Foes in Estimates for Year’s Work, 39. his own Household, 81e, 82; The Evangelistic School for Laymen, First Communion Service in 86b, 105d. Tubhar, 86d, 87; A Blind Light- Evangelistic Work: In Egypt, 81- bearer, 93f, 94; The Man with 90; in India, 183-200; in Sudan, a Black Face and a White 245-251. Heart, 100b; A Faithful Dis Faiyum , 86c, 87, 92g, 110b, 136, ciple, 107c; A Wonderful Prod 137. uct of Christian Education, 121- “Far North in India,” see inside 122; “A Little Child Shall Lead of Cover. Them,” 139.

Finance— 35, 39; Treasurer’s Ex INDIA: A Presbyterial Meeting hibit, 44-49; Detailed Report, Under Difficulties, 172c; A Clear 279-319; see Estimates, Budget, Testimony, 179c; A Persistent Self Support. Seeker after Truth, 186d; A Fikriyeh, 92ab. Day in Camp, 197c; The Trans Form of Will, 14. forming Christ, 198, 199; Ex Funds, Special, 52, 53. amples of Self-Denial, 210a; Real Thank-Offerings, 211; How General Assembly, see Assembly. a Leaflet Saved a Soul, 222c. General Information, 14. General Summary: Statistics, 12; SUDAN: How Christ Appeals to Historical, 13. Shulla Young Men, 250; The Giving, see Contributions. Black Man’s Search for Light, “God’s Plan for World Redemp 258e; A Macedonian Cry, 261- tion,” see inside of Cover. 265; They Wait Three Months for the Physician, 262; The Good Illustrations, see Illustra tions. Empty House, 263; An Impro Good Samaritan Hospital, 223. vised Dispensary, 264c; A Mis sionary Who Builds His Own Gordon Mission College, 219. Gujranwala, 162, 170, 173c, 176c, Home, 264d; “It’s Because of a Man Called Jesee,” 264f; The 180bf, 183b, 190, 191, 201a, 207, 212, 218. Heart of a Nuer, 265b. Gujranwala High School, 218. In Memoriam, 155-157. Gurdaspur, 162, 163, 170, 173d, 177b, 180c, 181b, 183c, 191d, 195c, India— Missionaries’ Addresses, 7, 201b. 8; Statistics, 10; see Statistical; Past Year in, 21-25; Report of Handbook, 30; also inside Cover. Mission, 153-239; Introduction, Harem Work in Egypt, 91-104. 153, 154; In Memoriam, 155-157; Historical Sketch, 13. Work among Christians, 162- Hoor, 92c. 182; Evangelistic Work, 183- Hospitals, see Assiut Hospital, 200; Educational Work, 201-221; Tanta Hospital, Memorial Hos Medical Work, 222-226; Mission pital, Good Samaritan Hospital, aries by Station, 227-231; Mis White Memorial Hospital, Sar- sionaries on Furloughy 232; godha Mission Hospital. Statistics, 233-237. 324 Topical Index.

Industrial Work: In India, 212- 143, 144, 227-231; Alphabetical 214; in Sudan, 267-268. L ist of, 271-278. Information, General, 14. Mission Study Classes, 29. Institutions, see College, Hospital, Mohammedans: Egypt, 73, 85, Industrial, Theological. 86, 89 ; India, 201. Interdenominational Activities, 30. Money, see Self-Support, Treas Itinerating, see Evangelistic. urer’s Report, Finance. Jhelum, 163c, 164, 181c, 183d, 191e, Money Values in Egypt, India and 195d, 202b, 205b, 215, 223. Sudan, 14. Monsurah, 82, 83, 102c, 107f, 108. Kala, 224. Mormonism, 174b. Kaliub Orphanage, 114. Moslem, see Mohammedan. Keneh, 92c. Khangah Dogran, 164b, 171b, 174b, Nasser, 251, 264. 177c, 180d, 181d, 184b , 192b, 196b, Need, 71d, 72abc, 77c, 82d, 83b, 202c, 205c. 87bcd, 91c, 103b, 108d, HOcd, Khartum, 245d, 246, 253, 255, 256. 111c, 175c, 177c, 184a, 196ab, Khartum North, 246c, 247d, 253d, 201a, 202d, 212a, 214b, 244, 246- 256, 257-258, 261-262. 251, 253f, 254, 255, 256, 261-265. New Wilmington Conference, 29. Lay Evangelists, School for, 86b, Nile Boats, 87e, 88, 89, 96b, 97, 105d. Liberality, see Self-Support, Treas 134, 135. Nile Mission Press, 127-129. urer’s Report. Literature, Missionary, 29; see in side pages of cover for adver Omdurman, 246b, 256. tisem ents. Opportunity, see Need. Opposition, 71d, 72a, 72d, 82, 165, Literature, Distribution of; see 166, 174bc, 175cd, 178c, 179d, Book Distribution. Luxor, 69ab, 89b, 102b, 113e. 204b. Lyallpur, 165, 171d, 174c, 177d, Orphanages, 114. Outlines for Missionary Sermons 184, 185, 192cd, 196c, 202d, 205d. and Addresses, etc., 320-M21. Map: Of Egypt, opposite page 60; of India, opposite page 150; of Parlor Conferences, 28. Sudan, opposite page 241. Pasrur, 165, 171e, 174d, 177f, 178, Martinpur, 215. 185b, 192e, 197c, 203a, 213, 223. Medical Bulletin, 29. Pastor’s Cablegram, 29. Medical Work: In Egypt, 131- Past Year in Egypt, 16; in India, 142; in India, 222-226; in Sudan, 21; in Sudan, 25; in America, 28. 261-266. Pathankot, 166c, 171f, 174e, 175, Melas, 180. 178d, 185c, 197d, 203b, 210, 225. Memorial Funds, 37. Persecution, see Opposition. Memorial Hospital, 222. Pocket Testament League, 103b. Methods of Work, see Depart Port Sudan, 253b. ments. Postage Rates, 14. Mishta, 66e. Prayer Asked for, 73b, 76a, 162a, Mission Districts—EGYPT: See 164a, 256. Alexandria, Assiut, Benha, Beni Prayer Conferences: at Assiut, Suef, Cairo, Faiyum, Luxor, 93c, 95d-96; at Zeitoun, 77d, Monsurah, Tanta, Zakazik. IN 78. DIA: See Gujranwala, Gurda- Pressly Memorial Institute, 88d, spur, Jhelum, Khangah Dogran, 89 95b. Lyallpur, Pasrur, Pathankot, Progress, 66e, 67ab, 68, 70e, 73b, Rawal Pindi, Sangla Hill, Sar- 74, 75, 77d, 78a, 84d, 85b, 86a, godha (formerly Bhera), Sial- 88d, 89, 94d, 95, 110-113, 115, kot, Zafarwal. SUDAN: See 130, 175-176, 196b, 203a, 243, 245, Doleib Hill, Khartum, Nasser. 246, 254. Missionaries: Names and Ad dresses, 6-8; Movements of, 34, Rawal Pindi, 166d, , 172a, 186b, 35, 64, 65; New Appointments, 192, 193, 198b, 207, 208, 217, 40, 41 ; by Stations during 1914, [ 219-221. Topical Index. 325

Report of Board to Assembly, 15- Sabbath Schools, 252-253; Edu 49; of Assembly’s Committee, cational Work, 254; Medical 50-51; Budget, 52-54; of Wo Work, 259; Book Department, men’s Board, 55-58; Assembly’s 260; Industrial Work, 267-2(18; Committee on Women’s Board, Statistics, 269. 59-60; of Egypt Mission, 63-150; “Sudan, Sorrow and Hope of of India Mission, 153-239; of Egyptian,” see inside of Cover. Sudan Mission, 243-269. Sujanpur, 206b. Roman Catholics, 165, 166, 168, Summary of All Work, 12; His 174bc, 175cd,178c, 179d. torical, 13. Summer Bible Schools in India, Sabbath School, Literature for, 28. 180-182. Sabbath School Work: in Egypt, Summer Schools, at New Wil 66-68; in India, 169-170; in Su mington and Tarkio, 29. dan, 252-253. Survey of Year, Past, 16-37; New, Sanghoi, 216. 38-43. Sangla Hill, 167b, 172b, 175b, 178e, Survey of Missions’ Histories. 13. 181e, 187c, 193c, 199b, 203c, 211, Tables: Of Contents, 2; of Illus 225. trations, 3. Sargodha, 167c, 172c, 175c, 178f, Tables of Statistics, see Statisti- 18If, 187d, 193d, 199c, 203d, 212, 224. Tanta, 82, 102d, 108b, 137-140. Sargodha Mission Hospital, 224. Tanta Hospital, 137-140. Schools, see Educational. Tarkio Conference, 29. Self-Support, Native Contributions Thanksgiving, 41-43, 103d, 244. and self-supporting congrega Theological Seminary: Egypt, tions in Statistical Tables, 9, 10, 109; India, 221. 11 . Treasurer’s Exhibit, 44-49; De Sermons, see Outlines on pages tailed, 279-318. 314-315. University for Egypt, 31, 109e. Seventh Day Adventists, 174b. Sialkot, 167d, 168, 172e, 173, 175d, Wady Haifa, 253c, 257. 179, 182b, 188b, 194c, 200b, 203e, War, Effect on Missions, 63, 64, 206c, 208-210, 216, 222. 81a, 84e, 88, 105, 131, 132, 135d, “Sorrow and Hope of Egyptian 185a, 187e, -243. Sudan,” see inside of Cover. White Memorial Hospital, 223. Statistical Tables: General, 12, Will, Form of, 14. 13; Egypt, 9, 20, 80, 104, 124, Women’s Board, Report of, 55- 125, 126, 129, 130, 133, 135, 137, 58; Assembly’s Committee on, 140, 141, 145-150. India, 10, 25, 59-60. 207-219, 226, 233-239. Sudan, 11, Women, Work for: in Egypt, 91- 27, 251, 256, 257, 259, 260, 266, 104; in India, 170-173, 176-180, 269. 190-200. Study Courses on Missions, see Womjen’s Missionary Societies in inside pages of Cover for Ad India, 170-173. vertisements. Successes, see Progress. Young People’s Societies, see Christian Endeavor. S u d a n — Missionaries, 7; Statistics, Zafarwal, 169, 173, 176b, 179e, 11; see Statistical; Past Year 180e, 182c, 188c, 194d, 200c, 204c. in, 25; Report of Mission, 243- Zakazik, 83, 102e, 107d. 269; Introduction, 243-244; j Zenana Work in India, 190-195. Evangelistic Work, 245-251; '