, day missions) ANNUAL REPO^/

OF THE Board of Foreign Missions

OF THE

UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

OF

NORTH AMERICA

1 9 1 2

Containing The 53rd Annual Report of the Board, Presented to the General Assembly at Seattle, W ash., May 22, 1912. Report of the W omen’s Board to the General Assembly. The 57th Annual Report of the Mission in Egypt; The 56th Annual Report of the Mission in India; The nth Annual Report of the Sudan Mission ; General Statement of Receipts and Payments; &c., &c.

PHILADELPHIA: Copyright, Elliott & Fry, Ltd., London.

F i e l d -M a r s h a l V i s c o u n t K i t c h e n e r .

His Majesty’s Agent and Consul-General in Egypt. CONTENTS.

Page. The Board of Foreign Missions ...... 4-5 Post Office Addresses of Missionaries ...... 6-8 Statistics—Egypt ...... 9 “ India ...... 10 “ The Sudan ...... 11 General Summary of the Entire Foreign Work ...... 12 Historical Sketch ...... 13 General Information ...... 14 The Board’s Annual Report to the General Assem bly...... 15 Report of General Assembly’s Committee ...... 42 The Appropriations of the General Assembly ...... 44 Report of Women’s Board ...... 46 Report of the Mission in Egypt ...... 49 Report of the Mission in India ...... 137 Report of the Mission in the Sudan ...... 221 Alphabetical List of Missionaries ...... 244 Treasurer’s Report ...... 257 Act of Incorporation ...... 280 Outlines for Missionary Sermons ...... 281 TOPICAL INDEX ...... 283 ^ ¿ x U yT\ ILLUSTRATIONS.

Facing Page. His Majesty’s Agent and Consul-General in Egypt, Field Marshal Viscount Kitchener ...... I Bible Women’s Conference, Assiut, 1912 ...... 57 School Work in A lexandria...... 85 Literary Society Contestants, Assiut College, 1912 ...... 104 Group of Pupils in Pressly Memorial Institute, Assiut, 1 9 1 2 ...... 104 Native Evangelists, Nurses and Helpers of Assiut Hospital ...... 121 Rev. W. J. Brandon, Ph. D...... 141 Hakim Rai, Licentiate and Ismail Khan, Teacher ...... 183 One of the Village Shrines Built in Honor of Bala Shah ...... 183 Gujranwala High School, India ...... 200 Lifting a Hippopotamus Out of the Water ...... 225 Coming to see the Doctor ...... 225 Typical Village Scene Among (the Nuers, UpperSobat River ...... 225 Map of Egypt ...... opp. p. 136 Map of India ...... opp. p. 220 BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS

Members.

{ REV. M. G. KYLE, D.D, LL.D. 1910-1913 1 “ CHAS. S. CLELAND, D.D. ( “ W. M. ANDERSON, D. D.

f REV. S. G. FITZGERALD. 1911-1914 1 MR. ROBERT L. LATIMER. ( MR. FRED 0 . SHANE.

i REV. T. B. TURNBULL, D.D. 1912-1915 1 MR. JOHN R. McLEAN. ( MR. ROBERT KILLOUGH.

Officers.

P r e s i d e n t .

R e v . M. G. K Y L E , D.D., L L . D., 1132 Arrott St., Frankford, Philadelphia, Pa.

R e c o r d in g S e c r e t a r y .

R e v . C. S. CLELA N D , D.D., 802 North 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

C orresponding S e c r e t a r y .

R e v . C H A R LES R. W ATSO N, 200 North Fifteenth St., Philadelphia, Pa.

A s s o c i a t e S e c r e t a r y .

GEORGE INNES, E sq., 200 North Fifteenth St., Philadelphia, Pa.

T r e a s u r e r .

ROBERT L. LATIMER, E sq., 24 North Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Stated meeting at 1.30 o’clock P. M., Second Tuesday in each month in the Second United Presbyterian Church, Race Street, near 16th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. OFFICERS OF THE BOARD SINCE ORGANIZATION.

P r e s id e n t s . i 859-7i Rev. Joseph T. Cooper, D. D. 1871-93 “ W. W. Barr, D. D. 1893- “ M. G. Kyle, D. D.

C orresponding S e c r e t a r ie s . 1859-93 Rev. J. B. Dales, D. D. 1893-02 “ W. W. Barr, D. D. 1902- “ Charles R. Watson.

R e c o r d in g S e c r e t a r ie s . 1859-66 Rev. F. Church. 1866-68 Thos. H. Hanna, D. D. 1868^71 F. Church. 1871-74 S. C. Huey. 1874-76 Rev. J. C. Wilson. 1876-78 Joseph D. McKee. 1878-80 Rev. J. B. Whitten. 1880-82 R. Stewart, D. D. 1882-96 D. W. Collins, D. D. 1896- C. S. Cleland, D. D.

TREASURERS. 1859-74 Thos. B. Rich. 1874-79 William Getty. 1879-93 Joseph D. McKee. 1893- Robert L. Latimer. MEMBERS SINCE ORGANIZATION 1859-61 Rev. J. T. Pressly, D. D. 1876-03 Rev. James Croive, D. D. 1859-74 “ J. T. Cooper, D. D. 1878-93 Mr. Robt. T. Elliott. I859-75f “ J. B. Dales, D. D. 1880-82- -Rev. R. Stewart, D. D. 1859-63 “ G. C. Arnold. 1882-99 “ D. W. Collins, D. D. 1859-80 “ F. Church. 1883-89 “ I. T. Wright. 1859-60 “ H. H. Blair. 1889- “ M. G. Kyle, D. D. 1859-66 Mr. T. D. Anderson. 1890-93 “ W. M. Gibson, D. D. 1859-76 “ S. C. Huey. 1890-04 Mr. Wm. Neely. 1859-64 “ T. B. Rich. 1893* “ R. H. Ferguson. 1860-61 Rev. T. H. Beveridge. 1893- Rev. S. G. Fitzgerald. 1861-94! “ W. W. Barr, D. D. 1893- Mr. Robert L. Latimer. 1681-66 “ James Prestly, D. D. 1894-03 “ Samuel Walker. 1863-68 Mr. J. M. Wallace. 1894- Rev. Chas. S. Cleland, D.D. 1864-95 “ Thos. Stinson. 1895* Mr. Jas. A. Elliott. 1864-80 “ Wm. H. Getty. 1896-03 “ Wm. A. Brown. 1866-68 Rev. T. H. Hanna, D. D. 1899- Rev. W. M. Anderson, D.D. 1868-76 “ W. C. Jackson. 1903- “ T. B. Turnbull, D. D. 1868-90 Mr. John Alexander. 1903- Mr. John R. McLean. 1869-75 Rev. J. M. Hutchinson. 1903-07 “ James. S. McCracken. 1874-76 “ J. C. Wilson, D. D. 1904* “ Robt. H. Ferguson. *875-90 “ S. G. Fitzgerald. 1905- “ F. O. Shane. 1876-93 Mr. Jos. D. McKee. 1907- “ Robert Killough. 1876-83 Rev. J. B. Whitten. * Elected but did not serve. f Became Corresponding Secretary of the Board. 6 Annual Report—Post-office Addresses.

POST-OFFICE ADDRESSES OF MISSIONARIES FOR 1912-13.* EGYPT. Rev. C. C. A dam s,...... Beni Suef, Egypt. “ J. R. Alexander, D. D., Assiut, Egypt. Prof. Chas. S. Bell, ...... Alexandria, Egypt. Rev. J. Howard Boyd, ...... Tanta, Egypt. “ R. W. Caldwell, ...... Zakazik, Egypt. “ Wm. R. Coventry, ...... Tanta, Egypt.

Dr. H. L. Finley, ...... Assiut, Egypt. address each to added be should Mission (American Rev. Thos. J. Finney, D. D...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ John Giffen, D. D...... Cairo, Egypt. Dr. A. F. Grant, ...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. Sam’l. G. H a rt,...... Zakazik, Egypt. Dr. V. M. Henry...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. F. D. Henderson ,...... Alexandria, Egypt. Prof. W. W. Hickman, ...... Assiut, Egypt. Mr. F. S. Hoyman, ...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. James G. Hunt,D. D., .Cairo, Egypt. “ J. Kruidenier, D. D...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Neal McClanahan, ...... Cairo, Egypt. Prof. Robt. S. McClenahan, Assiut, Egypt. Rev. Wm. L. McClenahan, ...... Monsurah, Egypt. “ Ralph G. McGill, ...... Beni Suef, Egypt. Dr. W. TT Moore, ...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. H. £.’ Philips, Ph. D., ...... Luxor, Egypt. Dr. A. W. Pollock, ...... Tanta, Egypt. Rev. W. H. Reed, ...... McConnellsburg, Pa. “ Mark S. Roy, ...... Cairo, Egypt. Prof. Chas. P. Russell...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. A. A. Thompson, ...... Monsurah, Egypt. “ F. S. Thompson, ...... Assiut, Egypt. “ R. W. Walker, ...... Benha, Egypt. “ Andrew Watson, D. D., LL. D..Cairo, Egypt. “ S. A. Work, ...... Ligonier, Pa. Mr. C. A. Wilson, ...... Tarkio, Mo. Miss Alda B. Atchison, ...... Albia, la. “ Ella M. Barnes, ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Margaret A. B e ll,...... Monsurah, Egypt. “ Carrie M. Buchanan, ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Ida L. Cabeen,...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ A. L. Corkey, ...... '...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Anna B. Criswell, ...... Tarkio, Mo. “ Helen J. Ferrier, ...... Luxor, Egypt. “ Minnehaha Finney, ...... Alexandria, Egypt.

“ Elsie M. .French, ...... Zakazik, Egypt. .) “ Alfaretta Hammond...... Beni Suef, Egypt. “ Rena L. Hogg, ...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Mary Kerr, ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Eula McClenahan, ...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ Anna M. McConaughy...... New Concord, O. “ Leonora J. McDowell, Alexandria, Egypt. “ Carol E. McMillan, ...... Tanta, Egypt. “ E. Roxy Martin, ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Marian A. Paden,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Lillian J. Pieken, ...... Benha, Egypt. * Unexpected changes may impair the accuracy of these addresses, but even in such cases mail will probably be forwarded safely. NOTE.—Foreign postage is five cents per ounce. For further information see page 14. Annual Report—Post-office Addresses. 7

EGYPT—(Continued) Miss Nellie C. Smith, ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Margaret A. Smith, Cairo, Egypt. “ E. Dorcas T e as,...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Anna Y. Thompson,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Anna B. Watson, M. D...... N e w Athens, O. “ Laura B. Walker...... Carnegie, Pa. “ Roe O. W illiam s,...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Ruth A. W ork,...... Assiut, Egypt. Aeia Msin hud e de t ec address.) each to added be should Mission (American

THE EGYPTIAN SUDAN Rev. J. Kelly Giffen, D. D .,...... Khartum, Egyptian Sudan. Mr. C. B. Guthrie, ...... Doleib Hill, Sobat River, Egyptian Sudan. Dr. Thos. A. Lambie, ...... Khartum, Egyptian Sudan. Rev. Elbert McCreery, ...... Khartum, Egyptian Sudan. Dr. Hugh R. Magill, ...... Khartum, Egyptian Sudan. Rev. D. S. Oyler...... Doleib Hill, Sobat River, Egyptian Sudan. Rev. Paul J. Smith, ...... Khartum, Egyptian Sudan. Rev. Geo. A. Sowash, ...... Omdurman, Egyptian Sudan. Mr. R. W. Tidrick, ...... Mt. Ayr, la. Miss Fanhie G. Bradford, ...... Khartum North, Egyptian Sudan. Aulora McIntyre, ...... Khartum North, Egyptian Sudan.

INDIA Rev. Wm. B. Anderson,...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ W. T. Anderson, ...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ Ralph E. Ayers, ...... Sialkot Cantt, Punjab, India. “ Jas. W. Ballantyne, ...... Sialkot Punjab, India. “ Jas, S. Barr, D. D., ...... F3W Wilmington, Pa. Dr. M. M. Brown, ...... Sialkot Cantt., Punjab, India. Rev. A. B. 'Caldwell, ...... Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. “ E. E. Campbell, ...... Xenia, O. “ J. G. Campbell, ...... Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ Hubert C. Chambers,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Osborne Crowe, ...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ David R. Gordon, ...... Xenia, O. “ Thos. E. Holliday, D. D., Sialkot Cantt., Punjab, India, “ A. M. L ain g,...... Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. “ J. H. Martin, D. D., ...... Lyallpur, Punjab, India. “ Robt. Maxwell, ...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ J. A. McArthur, ...... Billingsville, Mo. “ Jno. A. McConnelee, ...... Xenia, Ohio. “ W. M. McKelvey, ...... Khangah Dogran, Punjab, India. “ H. S. Nesbitt, ...... -162 Appleton St., Cambridge, Mass. Prof. Wm. E. Nicoll, ...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. Rev. S. C. Picken...... Zafarwal, Punjab, India. E. L. Porter, ...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ T. L. Scott, D. D., ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. Harris J. Stewart,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. J. H. Stewart, ...... Pathankot, Punjab, India. Robt. Stewart, D. D., LL. D., . .Sialkot, Punjab, India. Miss Emma D. Anderson, ...... Sargodha, Punjab, India. “ Roma Beatty, ...... Lyallpur, Punjab, India. “ Hazel Bennett...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India.

NOTE.— Foreign postage is five cents per ounce. For further information see page 14. 8 Annual Report—Post-office Addresses.

INDIA—(Continued) Miss Lena S. Brotherston, ...... Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. “ Lois* Buchanan, ...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Mary J. Campbell, ...... Pathankot, Punjab, India. “ Laura Cleland, ...... Sargodha, Punjab, India. “ Kate M. Corbett, ...... Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. “ Henrietta W. Cowden, Khangah Dogran, Punjab, India. “ Laurella G. Dickson, ...... Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. “ Elizabeth G. Gordon, ...... Pattersonville, N. Y. “ Ella M. Gordon, ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. address each to added be should Mission (American “ Nancy A. H adley,...... 58 Trowbridge St., Cambridge, Mass. “ Anna M. Hamilton, ...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ Laura B. Hamilton, ...... Zafarwal, Punjab, India. • “ Winifred E. T. Heston, M. D.,. Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ Kate A. Hill, ...... Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. “ Margaret C. Hormel,...... Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ Flora J. Jameson, ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Mary Kyle, ...... Xenia, O. “ Elizabeth Lawrence, ...... Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ Mary A. Lawrence, ...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ Mary E. Logan, ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Fannie S. Martin...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Mary R. Martin, ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Jennie E. Martin, ...... Khangah Dogran, Punjab, India. “ E. Josephine Martin, ...... Pasrur, Punjab, India. " Elizabeth McCahon, ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. Mrs. Alice McClure...... New Wilmington, Pa. Miss Lillian A. McConnell, ...... Lyallpur, Punjab, India. “ Rosa A. McCullough, ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Emma M. M inger,...... 3319 W. xoth St., Indianapolis, Ind. “ Henrietta Moore...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Jennie B. Morrison, ...... Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ Violet Scott, ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ J. Phandora Simpson, M. D., . .Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ Nannie J. Spencer, ...... Morning Sun, O. “ Josephine L. White, ...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ Maria White, M. D., ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Dbra B. Whitely, ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Cynthia E. Wilson, ...... Madhopur, Punjab, India. “ Margaret M. W ilson,...... 439 Englewood Ave., Chicago, 111. “ Rosa T. Wilson...... Madhopur, Punjab, India. .)

NOTE.— Foreign postage is five cents per ounce. For further information see page 14. Annual Report—Egypt Statistics. 9

EGYPT. STATISTICS, JA N U A R Y 1, 1912. Population of our field in Egypt ...... 9,000,000 Ordained Missionaries * ...... 22 Professors in College * ...... 4 Laymen * ...... 2 Medical Missionaries, Men * ...... 5 Medical Missionary, Woman* ...... 1 Nurses * ...... 2 Women Missionaries, Unm arried*...... 27 Women Missionaries, Wives * ...... 30 Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment * ...... 93 Assistant Physicians (Men 2, Woman 1) ...... 3 Assistant Physician, wife ...... 1 Assistant Teachers ...... 32 Matrons ...... 4 Assistant Nurses ...... 15 55 Total Foreign Workers* ...... 148 Native Ordained Ministers $ ...... 61 Licentiates! ...... 11 Other Native Workers ...... 614 Total Native Workers ...... 686 Total Workers, Native and Foreign* ...... 834 Mission Districts ...... 10 Organized Congregations ...... 76 Other places where services are held regularly...... 197 Congregations self-supporting ...... 25 Total Membership...... 11,464 Received by Profession in 1911 ...... 637 Total Christian Evangelical Community ...... 33,000 Sabbath Schools...... 202 Teachers in these ...... 535 Scholars in these ...... 16,806 Theological Seminary ...... 1 Colleges ...... 2 Boarding and High Schools ...... 25 Village Schools ...... 169 Total Number of Schools ...... 197 Students in Theological Seminary ...... 17 Students in Colleges ...... 1,235 Students in Boarding and HighSchools ...... 5,135 Students in Village Schools ...... 10,969 Total Number of Students in all Schools ...... 17,356 Hospitals ...... 2 Clinics ...... 4 Native Contributions for Church Work ...... $52,627 Paid by Natives for all purposes ...... $203,596 * These figures include all missionaries under appointment, whether at home on furlough or at work on field. $ The Sudan Mission having effected an independent organization, its statistics are given separately on page 11. N. B.—More detailed statistics may be found on pages 129 to 135. io Annual Report—India Statistics.

INDIA. STATISTICS, JA N U A R Y i, 1912. Population of our Field in In d ia ...... 5,075,000 Ordained Missionaries * ...... 24 Layman * ...... 1 Medical Missionary, Man* ...... 1 Medical Missionaries, Women * ...... 3 Women Missionaries, Unmarried * ...... 39 Women Missionaries, Wives * ...... 22 Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment * ...... 90 Assistant Teachers...... 3 Assistant N u rse...... 1 Total Foreign Workers * ...... 94 Native Ordained Ministers ...... 34 Licentiates ...... 10 Other Native W orkers...... 420 Total Native Christian Workers ...... 464 Other Workers ...... 209 Total Workers, Native and Foreign...... 767 Mission Districts ...... 12 Organized Congregations ...... 48 Other places where Services are held...... 523 Congregations, self-supporting ...... 33 Total Membership ...... 27,357 Received by Profession in 1911 ...... 2,550 Net Increase in 1911 ...... 3,005 Total Christian Evangelical Community ...... 52,029 Sabbath Schools ...... 144 Teachers in these ...... 251 Scholars in these ...... 6,133 Theological Seminary ...... 1 College ...... 1 High Schools ...... 4 Middle Schools ...... 8 Primary Schools ...... 190 Industrial Schools ...... 2 Total Number of Schools ...... 206 Students in Theological Seminary ...... 29 Students in College ...... 130 Number of Pupils in High Schools ...... 3,841 Pupils in Middle Schools ...... 1,871 Pupils in Primary Schools ...... 5,214 Pupils in Industrial Schools...... 205 Total Number of Pupils in all Schools...... 11,290 Hospitals ...... 4 Dispensaries ...... ; . . . . 7 Native Contributions for Church W ork...... $6,092 Paid by Natives for all Purposes...... $25,604

♦These figures include all missionaries under appointment, whether at home on furlough or at work on the field. N. B.—More detailed statistics may be found on pages 213 to 219. Annual Report—Sudan Statistics. n

THE EGYPTIAN SUDAN.

STATISTICS, JA N U A R Y i, 1912. Ordained Missionaries * ...... 5 Laymen * ...... 2 Medical Missionaries (Men)* ...... 2 Women Missionaries, Unmarried * ...... 3 Women Missionaries, Wives * ...... 6 Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment * ...... 18 Native Ordained Minister ...... 1 Teachers...... 13 Total Native Workers ...... 14 Total Foreign and Native Workers ...... 32 Main Stations...... 4 Organized Congregation ...... 1 Preaching Stations ...... 9 Received by Profession ...... 6 Total Membership...... 163 Primary Schools ...... 6 Industrial School ...... 1

Total Number of Schools...... 7 Pupils in Primary Schools...... 586 Pupils in Industrial School ...... 14 Total Number of Pupils ...... 600 Dispensaries or Clinics ...... 2 Native Contributions for Church Wo rk ...... $957 Native Contributions for all purposes...... $3>48o

* These figures include all missionaries under appointment, whether at home on furlough or at work on field. N. B.—More detailed statistics may be found on page 243. 12 Annual Report—General Summary.

GENERAL SUMMARY OF ENTIRE WORK.

STATISTICS, JA N U A R Y i, 1912.

Total population of our Foreign Fields (excluding the Sudan) ...... 14,075,000 Ordained Missionaries ...... 51 Professors in College ...... 4 Laymen ...... 5 Medical Missionaries, Men 8, Women 4 ...... 12 N urses...... 2 Women Missionaries, Unmarried...... 69 Women Missionaries, Wives ...... 58

Total Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment .. 201 Assistant Physicians...... 3 Assistant Teachers ...... 35 Assistant Nurses ...... 16 Others ...... 5 59 Total Foreign Workers ...... 260 Native Ordained Ministers ...... 96 Licentiates ...... 21 Other Native Workers ...... 1,257 Total Native Workers ...... 1,374 Total Workers, Native and Foreign ...... 1,634 Mission Districts ...... 24 Synods ...... 2 Presbyteries ...... 9 Organized Congregations ...... 125 Other places where services are held ...... 729 Congregations self-supporting...... 58 Total Membership ...... 38,984 Received by Profession in 1911 ...... 3,193 Net Gain in Membership in 1911 ...... 3,291 Total Christian Evangelical Community...... 85,029 Sabbath Schools ...... 346 Teachers in these ...... 786 Scholars in these...... 22,939 Theological Seminaries ...... 2 Colleges ...... 3 Boarding and High Schools ...... 37 Village and Day Schools ...... 365 Industrial Schools ...... 3 Total Number of Schools ...... 410 Students in Theological Seminaries ...... 46 Students in Colleges ...... 1,365 Students in Boarding and High Schools...... 10,847 Students in Village and Day Schools...... 16,769 Students in Industrial Schools ...... 219 Total Number of Students ...... 29,246 Hospitals ...... *...... 6 Dispensaries and Clinics ...... 13 Native Contributions for Church W ork...... $59,676 Paid by Natives for all purposes...... $232,620 Annual Report—Historical Sketch. 13

HISTORICAL SKETCH.

The United Presbyterian Church of North America came into exist­ ence in 1858, through the union of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian and the Associate Presbyterian Churches. The first General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church met in Xenia, Ohio, in May, 1859. At that meeting a Board of Foreign Missions was chosen, consisting of nine members, and to this Board was committed the care of the several mis­ sions which had been inaugurated by the two branches of the Church prior to the union. Circumstances, which seemed wholly providential, led to the abandonment of three of the missions and the concentration of the Church’s strength upon the other two fields; the Trinidad Mission was given over in 1867 to the Presbyterian Church of the Lower Provinces (now the Presbyterian Church of Canada) ; the China Mission was transferred to the Rhenish Missionary Society in 1878; the Syrian Mission was. trans­ ferred in 1878 to the care of the Presbyterian Church of Ireland. The Mission in Egypt, established in 1854, recognizes at least 9,000,- 000 of the 11,000,000 of the population as constituting its legitimate mission field, and its operations extend from the Mediterranean to the first Catar­ act. The Mission in India, established in 1855, includes within its field, wholly or in large part, some seven government districts of the Punjab, with a population of more than 5,000,000; adjoining, though as yet unoc­ cupied, territory in Kashmir may also be recognized as its legitimate field. In 1900, the Mission in Egypt extended its operations beyond the frontiers of Egypt proper into what is called the Egyptian Sudan. This mission has now ¿1 separate and definite organization of its own, and is the third and youngest mission of the United Presbyterian Church of North America. STATISTICAL SUMMARY, 1843-1908. (Revised every five years.) The whole number of missionaries who have accepted appointment as missionaries since the first sailed, July 14, 1843, until January 1, 1908, is 307; this includes the missionaries of both branches of the Church prior to the Union. One hundred and thirty-six missionaries have received appointment to our Mission in Egypt; of these 38 were ordained men, 1 layman, 2 college professors, 10 physicians, (7 men, 3 women) ; 2 nurses, and 43 other un­ married women; the remainder being wives of missionaries. Since the establishment of the Mission, 63 have retired or died. One hundred and twenty-four missionaries have received appointment to our Mission in India. Of these 33 were ordained men, 2 college profes­ sors, 1 layman, 6 physicians, (1 man, 5 women) ; 45 other unmarried wo­ men; the remainder being wives of missionaries. Since the establishment of the Mission, 38 have retired or died. Fourteen missionaries have received appointment to our Alission in the Sudan. Of these, 4 were ordained men, 1 layman, 3 physicians, 2 un­ married women, and 4 wives of missionaries. 14 Annual Report—General Information.

GENERAL INFORMATION. Letters relating to the Board of Foreign Missions should be addressed to the Rev. C. R. Watson or Mr. George Innes, 200 N. Fifteenth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Letters relating to Finances should be addressed to Robert L. Latimer, Esq., 24 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

CORRESPONDENCE WITH MISSIONARIES. Letters to foreign missionaries should be addressed according to di­ rections on pages 6, 7 and 8.

POSTAGE TO EGYPT, INDIA & THE SUDAN. Letters, 5 cents for first ounce, and 3. cents more for each additional ounce. Postal cards, 2 cents. Newspapers, Periodicals, Books and other printed matter up to 4 pounds, 1 cent for each two ounces. Registration fee on letters or books, 10 cents additional to other postage.

MONEY VALUES. India. Rupees, variable, at present 33 cents, three Rupees nearly one dollar. • The Anna 1-16 of a Rupee, or about 2 cents, the Pice %. of an Anna or ^ a cent. Egypt. 10 Milliemes ( = formerly 40 paras) = 1 piaster tarif (P. T.) = about 5 cents. 1 Egyptian rial = 20 piasters = one dollar. 1 Egyptian pound (£ E) = 100 piasters = about five dollars. •

FORMS OF BEQUEST. “I do give and bequeath the sum dollars to the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America." Or, if the bequest be of real estate, as follows: “I do give, devise, and bequeath all that” (describe the property) “ unto the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, to have and to hold, to them and their successors for­ ever.”

ANNUITIES. Those who wish their money to go finally to the missionary cause and who cannot afford as yet to be deprived of the income, are asked to con­ sider the Annuity Plan of the Board of Foreign Missions. Wills are often broken and bequests to missionary societies are lost. By giving your money to the Board while you live, you become your own executor and avoid the risk of a subsequent diversion of the funds. The Annuity Plan allows you a reasonable income during life. Correspondence concerning the above should be addressed to R ob ert L. Latimer, Esq., 24 N. Front Street, Philadelphia. THE ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE Board of Foreign Missions

OF THE United Presbyterian Church

TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY 1912

H E Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church presents to the General Assembly its Fifty-third Annual Report. The year has been characterized by many remarkable experiences revealing God’s care for Sa work that is carried forward in dependence upon Him, so that new meaning is attached to the words of the Psalmist, “ God is unto us a God of deliverances.” In the home land a new and deeper interest in Missions is clearly discernible. At the begin­ ning of the year, faith was vindicated and the required means were secured to send forth the seven men who were under ap­ pointment, but for whose support no provision had been made in the budget. This was followed by a far-reaching effort to put the whole financial support of the missionary enterprises of the Church upon a firmer basis. All of these agitations for money and these financial campaigns were so marked by a spiritual purpose, that it is impossible to credit them other than to the Holy Spirit working upon the heart of the Church for the ushering in of the Kingdom of God. Abroad, the .year has been one of the steady maintenance of a large and varied work involving the constant service of 143 American missionaries, 117 native ordained men and licentiates, and 1,160 other native workers. There has been the most encouraging ingathering of 3,193 on profession of faith, while transformations of individual character, developments in in- 15 16 Annual Report—The Past Year in Egypt.

stitutional life, spiritual quickenings, and evangelistic movements unite in making the year one of the best in the history of our Church’s missionary work. The record of the past year needs to be studied in detail to give meaning to the foregoing generaliza­ tions. I .-THE PAST YEAR

During the past year, the Turkish-Ital- ian war had the effect of embittering the 1. IN EGYPT feeling of Moslems toward foreigners. This feeling manifested itself in outbreaks and riots in several places and for a time threatened seriously the peace of the country. It is ground for both surprise and thanksgiving that the missionary work has not only not been hindered, but rather indicates on the part of Mos­ lems an increasing interest in Christianity. The resignation and later the death of Sir Eldon Gorst led to the appointment of a new British Agent in Egypt. The appoint­ ment of Lord Kitchener is viewed with general satisfaction, for, while his distinctive policies have not yet been disclosed, he is recognized as a man who knows how to command and whose firm­ ness in governing the country will of itself contribute greatly to a more settled situation in Egypt. The most marked characteristic of the past year’s work in the Valley of the Nile is undoubtedly the growing interest of Mos­ lems in Christian teaching. The following extract from the re­ port of the Rev. W. H. Reed, who itinerated along the Nile, indi- ' cates the varied manifestations of this interest: “One of the most encouraging features of the work was the presence of many Mohammedans. Often 20, 40, even 70 or more Mohammedans, besides a large number of Copts, came to the meetings. Once 70 out of 75 were Mohammedans. There was no place where the invitation was publicly given and verses of Scripture distributed, but what some Moslems came to hear. Once, two Mohammedans, one wearing the green turban —a sign of special rank—guided the missionary through the town, invit­ ing everybody. Once, in a small audience, a Moslem explained the talk more fully to those present, and he was not slow to understand the Gospel message. They generally gave close attention, even though some­ times, when a leader rose to leave, others thought they must follow. After being present at a preaching and communion service, three out of five who sat around the dinner table were Mohammedans. One said to the host, 'I am going to eat with this man whether you allow me or not.’ Another, a sheikh, rode to a neighboring village to hear a second Gospel message. At another place, a Christian telephoned to the Moslem post­ master to be sure and attend the meeting. The postmaster invited the missionary to his home, and helped provide chairs for the meeting in the open space on the street just beside the post office. The brother of a village mayor was much surprised at hearing part of the Sermon on the Mount and kept repeating the question, ‘Are those the words of Jesus?’ Sometimes they came to laugh, mock, or disturb the meeting, but generally became interested and remained to pray. They were generally very quiet and reverent during prayer.” Annual Report—The Past Year in Egypt. 17

It is important to remember, however, that Moslem fanaticism still remains almost unabated in its power to hinder an open confession of Christ. To become a Christian is the signal for a persecution which almost invariably cuts off every means of mak­ ing a livelihood and even threatens life itself. The 'following inci­ dent abundantly illustrates the difficulties which must ever be placed alongside of the hopeful facts enumerated in the foregoing paragraphs, if we would keep before us the whole truth as to the missionary situation in the Moslem world: “An old man of about sixty-five years, being convinced of the truth of Christianity, accepted Christ as his Saviour and was baptized in Cairo. Being zealous and willing to work, he was appointed colporteur of religious books. He did faithful work not only in selling religious books, but in preaching Christ as he was able. It was not long till the chief man of his town accused him to the police, on what we believed to be a false charge. Learning that the police were wanting him, he went to Cairo and finally to Tanta, where he again took up the work of a colporteur under the direction of the missionaries there. He was finally delivered up to the police, brought back to Zakazik, put into prison, and after three months’ delay, tried and sentenced to two years’ imprisonment. His prison life is harder than it would be if he were not a Christian for the jailers are Moslems and know the cause of his imprisonment. He is only allowed to see his friends once in two months. However, Mr. Hart has permission from the superintendent of the prison to preach to Christians once a itfonth and thus sees him oftener and hopes to strengthen him in his faith. This is truly persecution for right­ eousness’ sake.” The agencies which are laboring effectively among the Moslems are many. The Allegheny, the new boat provided for evangelistic work in the Delta, has been especially effective in reaching Mos­ lem communities hitherto untouched. The Harem Department’s report shows that abundant entrance can be had to Moslem homes. From Assiut District, for example, comes the following report: “We have found the Moslem women more willing to listen and more interested in our talk than the Coptic women. At one Coptic home from twelve to twenty Moslem women gather to hear. One day I turned to a woman and said, ‘We want to visit you in ycur home.’ She bade us welcome and took us along. From there we went to her neighbor’s, and from hers to the next, until we had visited eight homes. We were cor­ dially received in every one and invited to come again. One day we happened into a Moslem house of mourning, where at least fifty woftten were crowded into two rooms. I went to the chief mourners, spoke a few words of sympathy and was about to leave, when several asked, ‘Are you not going to speak some words of comfort to us?’ We asked if they would keep quiet and they promised. We then talked to them and were about to leave, when some one asked, ‘Are you not going to pray for us?’ ” The educational work has long furnished the most persistent contact which we have had with the Moslem world of Egypt. Of the 17,356 pupils in our Protestant schools, no less than 2,904 were Moslems. Frequently, the result of Christian teaching can only be known to Him who alone follows each individual life separately in its spiritual development. Occasionally the influ­ 18 Annual Report—The Past Year in Egypt. ence of work done decades before comes to light, as the following incident will show: “One meeting that is most encouraging is where a Mohammedan woman attends. This woman was in the Boarding School many years ago. She always seems interested, joins in the singing, and when asked if she had a choice in Psalms, she chose the eighth, and when the tune we use was started, to my surprise she said, ‘No, we sang another,’ and started off on another familiar tune that I supposed she learned twenty- six or twenty-seven years ago. Surely His Word will not return to Him void.” The past year has been a year of grace in the student life of Assiut College: “Special evangelistic meetings were held in the early part of the year by native workers assisted by English and American missionaries. Much time was given to prayer. Many confessed with tears their sins and sought forgiveness and peace. Little groups engaged in prayer might have been seen on the campus or other places at almost any hour of the day, and often late at night their voices could be heard in prayer. At the following communion service ninety united with the Church, making a total of one hundred and fifteen during the year. This in­ cludes those from the Girls’ Boarding School (Pressly Memorial Insti­ tute), which was also richly blessed.” The medical work has continued its far-reaching ministry to both body and soul. A shortage of workers, due partly to fur­ loughs and partly to illness among the doctors, has weakened the work or else placed upon some an unreasonable and dangerous burden of work. Copts, Moslems, Protestants, Catholics, and others have come under the influence of this work. The death of the Rev. Mr. Moosa, the Assiut Hospital pastor, will be noted with sorrow by many in America who knew him when he was studying in this country. “He had served the last five years of his life in teaching the sick ones their great need of the Divine Healer for their souls as well as their bodies. What can we say in the matter? ‘He was not, for God took him,’ and that suddenly. On April 5th he came to work, but was suffer­ ing from a terrible pain in his head. Medical aid was at hand. No teaching was done that day. We put the sufferer .tenderly to bed in a private room, and sent for his faithful wife and daughter, the latter the wife of our Assiut pastor, Rev. Maawad Hanna. These quietly watched with us. High fever, delirium and constant restlessness continued, except when controlled by strong opiates. Only three weary days and nights, and then all suffering was for him forever past.” In Egypt, as elsewhere, victory is gained only by hardships en­ dured alike by those who carrv the Gospel and by those who re­ spond to its appeal. The following incident shows that even children must suffer at times for the Kingdom’s sake: “A Mohammedan girl (formerly of the Alexandria mission school') who had been sent to a school in Cairo last year, was captured bv a bigoted uncle when she returned to her brother’s for the summer. For seven months we could hear nothing of her, and then to my delierht she came into the school one day. I managed to have a little talk with Annual Report—The Past Year in India. 19 her. The next Sabbath, true to her promise, she was at Sabbath school, but with her face still marked by the beating her uncle had given her for coming on Monday. She had fled from her uncle’s home to her mother’s, but we dared not visit her as we had planned, lest more wrath should come down on her head from her brothers. She has not been back, and one shudders to think of the price she may have had to pay for that one lesson, though the bright eyes told plainly how glad she was to hear even once more.” The outstanding fact of the Egyptian mission field is, however, the work remaining to be done. The Presbytery of the Delta, for example, includes within its bounds more than half the population of Egypt, almost all of whom are Mohammedans. Of nearly 6,000,000 souls, there are only 878 Protestant church members,— i. e., there is only one church member to about 7,000 of the popu­ lation. In the Delta, at least, it may well be said that our work has only begun, if it be indeed admitted that the work in hand could be considered a real beginning for so great an undertaking. STATISTICS FOR EGYPT. Foreign Workers (January 1, 1912): Ordained, 22; professors, 4; lay­ men, 2; medical, 6; (men, 5; woman, 1) ; nurses, 2; other unmarried women, 27; wives of missionaries, 30. Total foreign missionaries, 93. Native Workers: Ordained ministers, 61; licentiates, 1 1 ; other native workers, 614. Total native force, 686. The Native Church: Synod, 1 ; presbyteries, 4; organized congrega­ tions, 76; out-stations, 197. Membership, 11,464; (men, 5,911; women, 5,553); increase by profes­ sion, 637; net increase, 264; . attendance at Sabbath rooming service, 22,965; Protestant community, 33,000 (estimated). Sabbath schools, 202; teachers, 535; pupils, 16,806; contributions, $2,952. Educational Work: Total schools, 197; total teachers, 509; total pupils, 17,356. Central schools: Theological seminary, 1; pupils, 17; Assiut College, pupils, 915; other central schools, 26; pupils, 5,455. Total central schools, 28; pupils, 6,387. Out-station schools, 169; pupils, 10,969. Medical Work: Hospitals, 3; in-patients, 3,472. Native Contributions: For Church purposes, $52,627; for educational work, $111,095; f°r medical work, $25,200; book receipts, $14,614. Total receipts from native sources, $203,536.

During the past year, the Mission in India sustained the loss of one of its ablest .2. IN INDIA and most promising missionaries, the Rev. W. J. Brandon. His death is referred to in a later section. A native character, Kanaya, well known to the Church in America through Dr. Gordon’s sketch of his remarkable conver­ sion in his “ Our India Mission,” passed away during the year with which this report deals. Of him it is said: “To the last he was a man of strength of character far beyond the 20 Annual Report—The Past Year in India.

ordinary. His indomitable will and courageous resolution, combined with his simple unwavering faith in Christ, furnish us with the expla­ nation of his dauntless stand in the midst of persecutions, more fiery than those to which thousands have succumbed. I believe his faith never once faltered, nor have I ever heard that it even weakened. We •are accustomed to see converts sometimes temporarily or permanently recant when subjected to the trials their non-Christian relatives bring upon them. Kanaya seemed rather to grow stronger as difficulties gathered around him." The year has been one of inspiring success. “ Multitudes are pressing into the Church. The number of adults baptized was 2,373 and the net increase in membership 3,005. The contribu­ tions to Church work have increased by 14 per cent, and in many places the Christians have shown commendable zeal in teaching those who wish to know the way of God more perfectly. The number of self-supporting congregations has increased from 28 to 33-” Nor have the successes been alone numerical. In many places, the influence upon the surrounding heathen community is clearly manifest in the gradual disappearance of the clay shrines, Bala Shah. These, in some places, were allowed to wear away from the effects of the weather, while in other places the people have been brave enough to demolish them outright. The year has also been one of development in character for the Christian Church. Church discipline has sometimes had its part to play in this development as is seen in the following incident : “In one village the death of a prominent man occasioned the gather­ ing of a large number of Christians who participated in idolatrous rites. It was necessary for Presbytery to deal with them and about forty families from a dozen villages were suspended from the Church. This action was taken with some misgivings. Would the Christian community at home sustain such wholesale discipline? The resentment was sharp for the offence was thought by some to be slight. The suspended ones manifested considerable arrogance. ‘Who cares for the big committee?’ they would say. However, by firmness, tact, and ‘a word in season,’ the majority of the offenders, upon professing sorrow and asking for pardon, were restored after about three months, and the most stubborn after nine months. The effect was most wholesome and far-reaching.” The year has been a year of trial for many native pastors owing to severe droughts which prevented the raising of their salaries in full. There has also been the sore trial of aggressive and some­ times successful efforts at proselytizing on the part of Roman Catholic agents. The need for more missionaries to lead in this work of training and instructing the hundreds of new converts, receives the greatest emphasis in the Mission’s Report. There is almost constant reference to the difficulty of choosing between the duty of preaching to non-Christians and the conflicting claims for instruction of those who are babes in Christ. When we realize what little help and instruction can be given to many of the latter, it is indeed a wonder that they stand at all. The following para­ graphs make their own appeal : Annual Report—The Past Year in India. 21

“There are not over thirty villages which our force of workers are able to reach with regular systematic teaching. There are over 100 villages containing Christians, which are outside the sphere of our organized work. All the teaching these get is from an occasional visit or from the annual or semi-annual visit of the missionaries. Is it any wonder that the ‘little ones’ in these places are weak, that they do not show much progress in Christian knowledge and spiritual life? It is a wonder that without teaching they remain Christians in the midst of their heathen surroundings.” “One old woman who had not as good an opportunity as many others, as the Bible teacher only came to her village once in eight days, learned five Bible stories and could tell them rapidly. She also learned two Psalms and told us how she and a neighbor had called back and forth to each other over the wall. When one could not remember a verse the other would prompt her.” “Not a few of the women learned the course perfectly this year. One, who was learning for the first time, was quite proud of her accomplish­ ment, and said that it was because of her little boy’s help that she had done it. She said, ‘When I would come in from my work he would say to me, ‘Mother, who saves us from our sins?’ and I would answer, ‘Son, Jesus Christ saves us from our sins,’ and so on through the day when­ ever there was the least opportunity.” The total enrolment in the 206 schools supported by the Mission amounted to 11,290. There is great need for village schools to reach the lowest and poorest, but the double difficulty exists in getting teachers ior such schools and in getting the poorest classes to spare their children from some service connected with making a living so that they may indeed attend school. The low estimate placed on child life, especially girls, in a heathen land is well brought out by the following extract: “The head man who was a Sikh took pains to show us his six daugh- ters_ and told us of the custom among the Sikhs of not letting the girl babies live. He said, ‘It is a very easy matter. If a girl baby is born in the summer they give her the juice of the milk weed, and if in the winter they bathe her in cold water or let her lie in the cold; then say she died of cold.’ ” A most interesting and suggestive plan was followed in the Theological Seminary when, for eleven days in December, the .Seminary students went forth by twos into the region round about, to confirm struggling congregations, instruct inquirers and preach the Gospel. Some 200 villages were thus reached by pro­ fessors and students. Medical work, too, has had its share in the labors and results of the past year, the total attendance at hospitals and dispensaries reaching the high figure of 129,385. The devotion required in some of this work may be suggested by the following quotation: “In the month of October a Mohammedan, a man of forty-five, came to the dispensary. During the feast, at the close of Ramazan, he stepped into a bed of coals while serving in his restaurant and burned his foot. For three weeks he gave four annas a day to feed the poor, believing that God would heal the foot which remained undressed. His agony was intense and being able to get no rest day or night he came to us for treatment. The appearance and odor of the-wound were indescribable. 22 Annual Report—The Past Year in the Sudan.

As I have only girls as assistants, I treat all men myself. I recoiled from touching him. Satan whispered, ‘This is a women’s hospital. _ Send him to the Municipal Hospital.’ Christ said, ‘Those Hindus will not defile their hands with him. You must do this.’ For days the wound was so offensive that I was unable to take food after dressing it, but the foot was saved.”

STATISTICS FOR INDIA. Foreign Workers: (January I, 1912); Ordained, 24; layman, 1 ; medical, 4; (man, I ; women, 3) ; other unmarried women, 39; wives of mission­ aries, 22. Total foreign missionaries, 90. Native Workers: Ordained, 34; licentiates, 10; theological students, 29; colporteurs, 7; Bible women, 26; Christian teachers, 2 11; non-Chris­ tian teachers, 209; other workers, 114; medical assistants, 33. Total native force, 673. The Native Church: Synod, 1; presbyteries, 4; organized congrega­ tions, 48; unorganized circles, n o ; self-supporting congregations, 33; with pastors, 26. Membership, 27,357; increase by profession, 2,550; by certificate and restoration, 3,020; decrease by death, 517; removal and suspension, 2,052; net increase, 3,005; adult baptisms, 2,373; infant baptisms, 2,698. Total Christian community, 52,029. Educational Work: Theological seminary, 1; pupils, 29; college, 1; pupils, 130; high schools, 4; pupils, 3,841; industrial schools, 2; pupils, 205; middle schools, 8; pupils, 1,871; primary schools, 190; pupils, 5,214. Total schools, 206; total pupils, 11,290. Medical Work: Hospitals, 4; dispensaries, 7; in-patients, 1,237; fees> $1,667. Native Contributions: For Church work, $6,092; school work, $17,324; medical work, $1,667; books, $521. Total amount, $25,604.

Reference was made last year to the 3 IN THE progress made in Southern Sudan in open- ^1 THAN UP Shulla language through the oUDAIN investigations and studies of Prof. D. Westermann of Germany, whose services the Board was 'fortunately able to secure for a couple of months. Professor Westermann’s grammar of the Shulla language, which has appeared, is not only a distinct contribution to linguistic sci­ ence, but also a trustworthy guide to missionaries endeavoring to master the difficult language of the Shulla tribe. Partly through the help brought to them by Professor Westermann’s work and partly through an increasing contact with the natives, the past year has been marked by real progress in the use of the Shulla language. To this, the following section of the Mission’s Report testifies: “It is a great step forward when the missionaries are able to speak with the people directly, without the mistakes, the coldness and the unin­ tentional or the intentional misrepresentations of interpreters. The one Shulla Gospel (Gospel of John), now printed, makes the presentation of truth more simple and the message more forceful, as it becomes to the people both visible and audible. Annual Report—The Past Year in the Sudan. 23

“There is no doubt that the advance in the knowledge of the language will account, in a great measure, for the increased .attendance at the Sabbath services. Of course, there were other services, for workmen especially, but these were compulsory, and are no index of the temper­ ature of the people, although great good may be done; but the Sabbath service is voluntary. Here those attend who wish to attend, and the average attendance at these services was twenty-four last year. Villages were also visited, and there was an average attendance of thirty-one people every Sabbath. And then there was that daily congregation of workmen, a sort of family worship, where there was an average of thirty- four to listen to the Word and to the prayer. The life is thus brought into touch with God.” It is no small contribution toward our evangelistic opportunity that has been made by the industrial department, when 1,580 lives have been brought into touch with the Mission by being employed for one week or more. In addition to this, the industrial depart­ ment has carried forward its varied efforts, dignifying labor, teaching principles of fair dealing, conducting important experi­ ments in gardening and agriculture, and erecting needed buildings. The medical work in Southern Sudan has suffered through lack of a physician, even though Mr. Tidrick undertook as a layman to minister to the simpler needs of the people who came seeking a doctor. Of the opportunity, Mr. Tidrick writes as follows: “Anvuaks and Nuers came from as far up the Sobat as the Abyssinian border. Dinkas and Nuers came from the head waters of the Khor Falus, and a few Nuers from the upper region of the Zaraff River, found their way to the American Mission. One party were fifteen days in reaching our station overland. Another party of four, all sick, traveled ten days by canoe, and while en route, were attacked and the canoe upset by an angry hippopotamus. Fortunately they escaped the jaws of the monster and later, recovering their canoe, resumed their journey.” Similarly, presenting the need for medical work in Northern Sudan, the following may be quoted: “Native medicine is a curious mixture of superstition and quackery. One is not surprised to find the ignorant Sudanese putting implicit confi­ dence in auguries, amulets, and one learns not to be surprised to find even the. educated resorting to the same unreasonable methods, and after all it takes at least two generations for what is usually called educa­ tion to get beneath the surface deep enough to touch the real man or woman. “Moslems are fond of writing passages from the Koran upon the sick, some Christians using the Scriptures in like manner. One boy whom I attended was not only well covered with writing, but had also an open Bible on the bed near him. “Counter-irritation in the form of a series of cuts, or the actual cautery and blood-letting are the most popular remedies. While sometimes harm­ less and occasionally useful, native medical practices are often harm­ ful. “On one occasion a prescription was written for a man suffering from an eruption on his face and directions given for the use of the medicine it called for. He took the paper and began to rub it all over his face in the most careful and matter-of-fact way, and it was with some difficulty that he was made to understand that the healing virtue lay not in the paper, but in the medicine which the paper called for. “The drinking of native beer is a great and prevalent curse. The 24 Annual Report—The Past Year in America.

amounts consumed are sometimes enormous. A woman patient, in reply­ ing to a question, said that she could drink nearly a bucketful (two gallons) at one sitting; and a man who complained of dyspeptic symp. toms said that he drank two bucketsful every day.” In Northern Sudan, great damage resulted to the cause through a serious church dissension which occurred in the Khartum con­ gregation. Happily, the causes of that dissension now seem to be removed and harmony is being restored. Prayer should be offered in behalf of the troubled work, that its losses may now be speedily retrieved by more earnest efforts in the days to come. From other points come encouraging reports, such as the follow­ ing: “The meetings at Wad Madini on the Blue Nile (150 miles from Khartum), have been better than ever before. The evangelistic col­ porteur has conducted the meetings. They have not been visited even by a missionary. Wad Madini is one of the most important centers from every point of view, and especially for evangelistic work; but hitherto the Mission has not had funds to press the work there. It is the key to all of the Blue Nile region and to Abyssinia. Property was purchased there six years ago and a house built by the missionaries, which has been held by borrowed funds in the hope that the Mission wrould be able to take over the property at least, and perhaps begin work.” In Northern Sudan, the most extensive method of work is the educational. Five schools with a total enrolment of 600 have been maintained. The Girls’ School in Khartum North, supported hy the Women’s Board, is doing a splendid work,—all the more noteworthy when we recognize the fact that sixty per cent, of its pupils are Moslems. The Boys’ Home at Khartum represents another form of missionary activity from which much may be ex­ pected, because it illustrates the most effective of all missionary methods,—“ applied Christian personality.”

STATISTICS FOR THE SUDAN. Foreign Workers: (January 1, 1912) ; Ordained, 5; medical (men) 2; laymen, 2; wives of missionaries, 6; women missionaries, unmarried, 3. Total foreign missionaries, 18. Northern Sudan: Organized congregation, 1 ; preaching stations, 9; native worker, ordained, 1; communicants, 163; day schools, 7; pupils, 600; fees, $1,623; medical treatments, 2,565. Southern Sudan: Medical treatments, 9,428. Native Contributions: For Church purposes, $957; educational work, $1,623; medical work, $900. Total receipts from native sources, $3,480.

During the year 19 11-12, a number of plans relating both to missionary educa- 4. IN AMERICA tion and to missionary administration were successfully carried out. These plans were, for the most part, either the natural outgrowth of former undertakings or else the result of long rec­ ognized need of the work. Annual Report—The Past Year in America. 25

(a) Advertising Methods: A new method of missionary edu­ cation and appeal was brought into operation. Its suggestion was that of a business man who wished to consecrate his talent to the service of the Kingdom, while the expense of securing the neces­ sary space in the papers was borne by a group of business men who cooperated with him in this new venture. The first efforts were in behalf of funds to send forth the seven young men whom the Board had under appointment, but for whom no financial pro­ vision had been made by the last General Assembly. The results were most gratifying and in a few weeks the entire amount was secured either through individuals responding directly to the appeals or indirectly through congregations and groups of indi­ viduals who had become interested in the movement. From the advertisement of foreign missionary interests, the group of busi­ ness men turned to the advertisement of the needs of all the Boards and undertook to develop popular sentiment in favor of more regular and adequate contributions toward the appropriations of the General Assembly to the w.ork of all the Boards. The fact that the contributions were more evenly distributed throughout, the year, must be credited in large part to the public sentiment created through the disinterested efforts of these business men.

(b) Mission Study Movements: To impart more definite mis­ sionary information and thus lay the foundation for abiding mis­ sionary convictions, the mission study movements have been pressed in several different directions, especially among young people. During the Foreign Missionary Quarter, mission study courses were planned for use during the closing exercises of the Sabbath school. A new set of enlarged half-tone pictures was issued, with an accompanying leaflet giving material for a series of missionary talks descriptive of the pictures. The course was called the “World-Wide Conquest” Course, and a wall map of the Sudan provided an interesting and an educative way of registering the gifts of the school. It is a matter of gratification that 445 Sab­ bath schools ordered the supplies and undertook to give mission­ ary education to the rising generation of their respective congre­ gations. The Mission Study Class Movement has been advanced to a most encouraging degree this year through the efforts of workers ins the different presbyteries cooperating with the Board. Reports re­ ceived indicate an enrolment of over 2,500 young people in 225 classes. There has been a great deal of interest in this movement in past years, but it has not been possible for the Board to work aggressively in it since 1908 until this year when, through the assistance of an office secretary, classes have been followed up by correspondence and this encouraging report made possible. The study of missions seems to have won its place as a permanent thing in the life of the young people. The text-book for study this 26 Annual Report—The Past Year in America.

3'ear has been “ India Awakening,” by George Sherwood Eddy. Other books that were equally popular are “The Decisive Hour of Christian Missions,” by John R. Mott; “Korea in Transition,” by James S. Gale; “The Why and How of Foreign Missions,” by Arthur J. Brown; “ Egypt and the Christian Crusade” and “ Far North in India.” The results of such a method of developing missionary interest have justified it beyond all doubt. There have come reports of indifference and opposition overcome, as well as money and even lives given to the cause of advancing the work in our foreign fields. The Tarkio Missionary Conference, held at Tarkio, Mo., July 21-30, 19 11, proved a most encouraging beginning of what it is hoped may be a permanent institution, ministering to spiritual quickening and missionary interest in the Western section of our Church. The attendance exceeded that of the First New Wil­ mington Conference, and the spirit of prayer which pervaded the Conference gave assurance that this gathering could be character­ ized not merely by its intellectual stimulus, but also by a power •for spiritual quickening. The New Wilmington Missionary Conference, of August 11- 20, 19 11, was the sixth and the best of its kind. Each year’s gath­ ering has had its own distinctive message to the life of the indi­ vidual and the Church, but it has been said of the last Conference that where other conferences seemed to present one phase of truth or another, one Christian grace or another, at this Confer­ ence the Lord seemed to be revealing His own Self, His own gracious Life, ready to abide in human life. The attendance als6 exceeded past records, bringing the enrolment up to about five hundred.

(c) The Simultaneous Financial Canvass: The plan to unite all of the congregations upon the work of making their Every- Memiber Canvass within one given period of time throughout the entire Church, has been one of the unique and interesting fea­ tures of this year’s work. There were many things that contributed to make the simul­ taneous financial canvass interesting. In the first place the appeal was based upon the known need of the work to be ministered to, plus the conscious need within the individual for a fuller ex­ pression of stewardship. Perhaps that which' will remain as the most worthy contribu­ tion to our Church life as a result of the campaign is this: That the gifts will be based wholly upon this consciousness of known need from without and within, rather than upon any record pre­ viously established by our own or any other Church, and thus be wholly freewill offerings. The most satisfactory feature of the whole campaign was the harmony of spirit that prevailed throughout, and the total absence of any discordant or inharmonious notes. There may have been Annual Report—The Past Year in America. 27 some individuals, and possibly a few congregations, who did not •fully grasp the purport of the plan, but the kindly feeling with which it was received and acted upon throughout the entire Church gives us every reason to rejoice in the confidence that in this the Lord has led and prepared the way for us. It is worthy of note here that other denominations plan to fol­ low this method, and conduct a simultaneous campaign next year. We are beginning now to realize one of the chief advantages of having this financial work cleared away early in the year, in that it permits the work of the cultivation of missionary intelli­ gence and missionary devotion to be carried on uninterruptedly and without the appearance of being at all secondary to the finan­ cial propaganda.

(d) Presbyterial Conferences'. The work that called for a large portion of our time and effort the past year was the attendance upon the presbyterial conferences which were held in forty of the presbyteries. The message of the conferences was essentially the message of the last General Assembly to the Church as epitomized in the phrases “ Twenty-five Thousand Souls for Christ” and “A Million Dollars for Missions.” The conferences therefore naturally largely partook of the character that these words would indicate ; planned first for the deepening of the spiritual life, and second to promote missions as the lines along which spiritual energy would find its expression. These conferences ministered directly to a great many of our people, and indirectly to the great majority of the Church. The Presbyterial Missionary Committee in each instance ar­ ranged for and had charge of the conference. Rev. G. E. Raitt, the Secretary of the Ways and Means Committee, the Synodical Superintendents of Missions, and the pastors throughout the Church co-operated to make them a success. In every instance the conferences led up to definite plans for personal evangelism and special services in the communities for the seeking and win­ ning of souls, as well as planning to make effective the simul­ taneous every-member canvass in the month of March. The co-operation of pastors and congregations in the arranging for these conferences by appointing congregational missionary committees was most gratifying, and we feel it is worthy of par­ ticular note here to say that fully 75 per cent, of the congrega­ tions of the Church now have a missionary committee.

(e) Visit of Corresponding Secretary to Egypt and the Sudan: Eight years having elapsed since the Secretary of the Board had visited the foreign fields, it was felt desirable that another visit should be made for the sake of a more effective administra­ tion of the work. Added to this general need, were the existence of special problems in the educational situation in Egypt and the 28 Annual Report•—The Past Year in America. opportunity of bringing to bear upon the problems some of the methods of scientific study suggested by the World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh. Accordingly a visit to Egypt was planned, providing for a very comprehensive study of the educational situation in the Levant. Dr. T. H. P. Sailer, of the-Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis­ sions, a specialist in educational matters, very kindly volunteered to place one month of his time at the disposal of our work, gen­ erously contributing also his own expenses of travel. Prof. R. S. McClenahan, President of Assiut College, was released from his work for a month, and these two, together with the Secretary of the Board, formed a Commission of three to study carefully the educational situation in Egypt and the relation of missions to it. Some sixty different types of school were examined and some seventy conferences held with different educational leaders, the month of January being given to this work. Then a conference of fourteen missionaries related to educational work was held at Assiut, and for four days the subject was discussed from every angle with a view to formulating, if possible, an educational policy. The plans contemplated also a visit by the Secretary of the Board to Syria and Constantinople to study the missionary educa­ tional institutions in these places also, since the countries of the Levant sustain a close relation to each other. The month of Feb­ ruary was largely given to this object. Having studied the educational situation in detail, the plan then contemplated a general survey of all the departments of our mis­ sionary work in Egypt, ending with a conference of all the mis­ sionaries to last eight days, for a review both of the existing situation and of the missionary policy to be followed in the future. To this work the month of April and part of May were to be de­ voted. The expenses of this trip, including also the chief expenses of these conferences, were provided for through the kindness of a friend of missions to whom this comprehensive study of mission­ ary problems and these efforts for the more perfect correlation of our missionary activities appealed strongly. Owing to special needs in the work of our Sudan Mission, the Board felt that advantage should be taken of the Secretary’s pres­ ence in Egypt to arrange for a visit also to the Sudan. Accord­ ingly, at the Board’s expense, the month of March was given to the Sudan and a six days’ conference with our Sudan mission­ aries was arranged for at Khartum. A more detailed report of these extended visits cannot be given at this time, but to judge by the former visit to the fields, the re­ sults will appear not only in more effective administration and more harmonious relationships, but also in actual economies through a better understanding of the needs of the work and a clearer apprehension on the part of both the Board and the Mis­ sions as to the best policies to be followed. Annual Report— With Our Missionaries. 29 \ The outstanding loss of the past year in 5 WITH OUR our missionary work was through the ' MISSIONARIES death W'.J- BSan?on Kby ch?J; era on Sabbath morning, September 24th, 19 11. A young man, just beginning his second term of service, with the language mastered, with a rare insight into Indian thought and life, possessed of unusual organ­ izing abilities, a man of great energy and resourcefulness, with a passion for aggressive evangelistic work and a deep spiritual life, —surely it seems strange that he should be taken. For his brave wife and fatherless children, the sympathy and prayers of the Church go out, but it is God alone, Who hath taken away, Who can by the workings of His grace comfort the sorrowing and raise up other workers for His cause in India. Those who have sailed to the foreign field since the Board’s last report to the Assembly are: Returning missionaries: Rev. J. Howard Boyd and Mrs. Boyd, to Egypt. Miss Carrie M. Buchanan, to Egypt. Miss Anna Laura Cleland, to India. Miss Anna M. Hamilton, to India. Dr. L. M. Henry and Mrs. Henry, to Egypt. Miss Rena L. Hogg, to Egypt. Rev. J. G. Hunt and Mrs. Hunt, to Egypt. Dr. Thomas A. Lambie, to the Sudan. Rev. W. L. McClenahan, to Egypt. Miss Lillian A. McConnell, to India. Miss Leonora J. McDowell, to Egypt. Rev. Wm. M. McKelvey and Mrs. McKelvey, to India. Miss Marion A. Paden, to Egypt. Rev. H. E. Philips and Mrs. Philips, to Egypt. Miss J. Phandora Simpson, M. D., to India. Miss Anna Y. Thompson, to Egypt. New missionaries: Rev._ Ralph E. Ayers, to India. Miss Ella M. Barnes, to Egypt. Rev. R. W. Caldwell and Mrs. Caldwell, to Egypt. Mrs. F. D. Henderson, to Egypt. Rev. A. M. Laing, to India. Miss Aulora McIntyre, to the Sudan. Rev. Mark S. Roy and Mrs. Roy, to Egypt. Mrs. C. P. Russell, to Egypt. Miss Violet Scott, to India. Miss Nellie C. Smith, to Egypt. Rev. Paul J. Smith and Mrs. Smith, to the Sudan. Rev. Harris J. Stewart, to India. Rev. F. Scott Thompson and Mrs. Thompson, to Egypt. Miss Dora B. Whitely, to India. Miss Roe Olive Williams, to Egypt. Missionaries arriving in America 1911-1912: Miss Alda B. Atchison. Miss Anna B. Criswell. 30 Annual Report—Our Finances.

Rev. David R. Gordon and Mrs. Gordon, of India. Dr. A. F. Grant and Mrs. Grant, of Egypt. Miss Nancy A. Hadley, of India. Miss Mary Kyle, of India. Rev. J. A. McArthur and Mrs. McArthur, of India. Mrs. Alice McClure, of India. Rev. J. A. McConnelee, of India. Rev. R. G. McGill and Mrs. McGill, of Egypt. Miss Jean B. Morrison, of India. Rev. H. S. Nesbitt, and Mrs. Nesbitt, of India. Rev. W. H. Reed and Mrs. Reed, of Egypt. Miss Nannie J. Spencer, of India. Rev. G. A. Sowash and Mrs. Sowash, of the Sudan. Miss Laura B. Walker, of Egypt. Miss Anna B. Watson, M. D., of Egypt. Mr. C. A. Wilson and Mrs. Wilson, of Egypt. Miss Margaret M. Wilson, of India. Rev. S. A. Work and Mrs. Work, of Egypt. Those returning- to the field in the fall of the present year after furlough are: Miss Fannie G. Bradford, of the Sudan. Rev. E. E. Campbell, of India. Rev. H. C. Chambers and Mrs. Chambers, of India. Rev. Thomas J. Finney, D. D., and Mrs. Finney, of Egypt. Miss Minnehaha Finney, of Egypt. Miss Ella M. Gordon, of India. • Miss Alfaretta Hammond, of Egypt. Miss Flora J. Jameson, of India. Rev. R. G. McGill and Mrs. McGill, of Egypt. Miss Emma M. Minger, of India. Miss Anna McConaughy, of Egypt. Miss Rosa A. McCullough, of India. Miss Margaret A. Smith, of Egypt. Ret. G. A. Sowash, and Mrs. Sowash, of the Sudan. Rev. R. W. Walker and Mrs. Walker, of Egypt.

The General Assembly of 1911 appro- 6. OUR priated for the foreign work $278,772.00. FINANCES ^ amount $235,009.00 was allowed for maintenance of the work, the balance to be for the extinction of the deficit. This budget made allowance for very little advance in the work. As the Board debt amounted to $57,074.00, accumulated from several years, only $43,763.00 of this could be made part of the 1911-1912 budget. The balance, $13,311.00, had to be carried forward to a subsequent year, so that existing work might not become crippled. The total receipts of the Board applicable to the Assembly ap­ propriation for 19 11-19 12 were $222,343.09. This leaves a de­ ficit for the year of $12,665.91 on the regular budget. Because of some economies the deficit for the year is reduced to $9,701.69. which is the amount by which the Church failed in its support of the work. If the debt outside the budget be added to this deficit, the total debt will amount to $66,775.69. The attention of the Church should be called to this increased deficit, caused by the Annual Report—Missionary Information. 31 failure to provide for the maintenance of the work on the most economical basis of estimates. Among the encouraging features, however, the following may be mentioned: (a) A more even distribution of the income throughout the year, thus producing a saving in interest on bor­ rowed funds; (b) the fact, that while only one quarter’s receipts from the Sabbath schools are reported as against two quarters for 1910-1911, the amount is $18,131.92, last year’s being $19,296.98. (c) It will be noted that while the Million Dollar Campaign was absorbing the attention of the Church and no special appeal could be made for funds during the closing months of the year, yet the increase in the debt is but $9,701.69. During the year the following fund has been established: The Charity Porter Memorial Fund. Principal, $950.00. Be­ ing a bequest of Charity Porter, deceased, late of Marion Town­ ship, Butler County, Penna. The principal to be invested and the income to be applied perpetually for the education of a native ministry of the United Presbyterian Church, in either Egypt or India. The record of the receipts on Appropriation, as reported by the Treasurer of the Board, Mr. Robert L. Latimer, is as follows:

SCHEDULE A. REC EIPTS ON APPROPRIATION Presbyteries ...... $159,283.61 Sabbath Schools ...... 18.181.92 Individuals ...... 14,429.17 Y. P. C. U...... 4,213.07 Bequests ...... 13.862.92 Ladies’ Missionary Societies ...... 709.30 Interest ...... 1,769.74 Endowed Funds Income ...... 1,822.72 Miscellaneous Funds ...... 7,46547 Special Offering, November 26, 1911 ...... 605.17 Total on Appropriation ...... $222,343.09

- II.—THE NEW YEAR

The 19 11 “ Handbook on Foreign Mis- 1. MISSIONARY si°ns” proved so popular that the complete edition of 15,000 copies has been exhaust- INFORMATION ed. Encouraged by the reception given to the Handbook during the past three years, it is planned to issue another during the coming year. The great demand for this book is no doubt due to the fact that, while com­ prehensive and informative, it is also brief, interesting and well illustrated. In this respect it has an advantage over the larger report which treats of the record of the year’s work in greater de­ 32 Annual Report—Estimates and Appropriations.

tail. It is hoped that pastors and missionary committees will co­ operate with the Board in securing a wide and effective distribu­ tion of this literature. Besides the books prepared on our own mission fields, the Board is ready to fill orders for the distribution of books and pamphlets issued by such interdenominational agencies as the Missionary Education Movement and the Laymen’s Missionary Movement. The months of January, February and March, 1913, would be the regularly assigned quarter for Foreign Missions according to the General Assembly’s rule. A special course for enlisting the interest of Sabbath school scholars will be prepared as heretofore. The Board also wishes to call attention to the course entitled “ Chart Talks No. 3,” which is suitable for use in Sabbath schools and Junior and Young People’s Societies.

The Board submits to the General As- 2. ESTIMATES sembly, first a statement of that which re- AND APPRO- lates to the work now in hand and that PRIATIONS which by operation of the last General As­ sembly’s arrangement will now become a part of the regular work; namely, assuming the support of the seven missionaries who went out last fall, together with the amount of money that would be necessary to send out six new missionaries this fall, all of whom have qualified and are now un­ der appointment of the Board. In addition to these six new or­ dained missionaries, two physicians, one for India and the other for the Sudan, are most urgently needed. It is not possible at this time to present the names of applicants for these appoint­ ments, but it is hoped that they can be secured in the near future and sent to the field without delay. With reference to the new missionaries, ordained and medical, we ask for ratification, and for all the foregoing the supply of funds by the General Assembly. The second statement relates to the amount of money required for the renewal of some of the property now upon the field, and the purchase of other property and the erection of buildings, etc. The amount needed in excess of that which was provided for cur­ rent work last year is practically that which is necessary for the new missionaries last year and this year, and provides but a neg­ ligible amount for the work that may be undertaken by the mis­ sionaries who were already on the field. Each missionary who has been on the field longs for support that would permit caring for the souls of those they see famished and unaided, yet these requests are denied in the budget which we herewith submit. Egypt ...... $144,470.00 India ...... 122,754.00 Sudan ...... 35,374-00 Salaries (Cor. Sec’y., $2500; Treas. $500; Asso. Sec’y., $2000) ...... 5,000.00 Annual Report—Appointments and Recommendations. 33 /•' Clerical Expenses...... 4,015.00 Printing ...... 3,000.00 Office and General Expense ...... 6,465.00 Emergency ...... 5,000.00 Interest ...... 4,000.00 $330,078.00 Current Work Women’s B o a rd ...... $71,891.00 Current Work Foreign Board...... $258,187.00 Property and Equipment ...... 57,813.00 Deficit ...... 66,775.69 Amount Required for Foreign W o rk ...... $382,775.69

9 ADDniHTMrwTc During the past year Miss Violet Scott ANn sailed for India under the support of the AND Women’s Board. This appointment, RECOMMENDATIONS made after the last General Assembly, is submitted for confirmation. The names of the following persons approved by the Women’s Board and the Foreign Board are submitted to the General As­ sembly for appointment as missionaries to their respective fields. Their support is assured by the Women’s Board: Miss Olive R. Laing, to India; Miss Jeannette Hopkins, to India; Miss Lois Mc­ Cracken, to Egypt; Miss B. Isabel Shannon, M. D., to Egypt; Miss Olive T. Mason, to Egypt; Miss Mary M. Pattison, to Egypt, and Miss Mabel Blair Dickey, to Egypt. The Board submits to the General Assembly the names of a number of candidates -for appointment as missionaries. After prayerful deliberation the Board has found that they possess to a high degree the qualifications for missionary service, and has granted them appointment subject to the Assembly’s approval and the provision of the necessary funds. The recent losses in the missionary force by death and sickness seem to make their ap­ pointments necessary and urgent. They are as follows: Rev. J. Willard Acheson and Miss Alice B. Phillips, to Egypt. Rev. J. Wallace Baird and Miss Maude R. Edgerton, to Egypt. Rev. E. V. Clements and Miss Sara Emily Matthews, to India. Rev. F. N. Crawford and Mrs. Crawford, to India. Rev. W. P. Gilmor, to Egypt. Rev. W. D. Mercer and Miss Irene Cloud, to India. a Tiip M rccArr be^eve ^ at method -found so ef- 4. THE MESSAGE fective during the last two years of carry- TO ing out a scheme of conferences through- THE CHURCH out the Church will also find favor with this General Assembly. We look forward with confident hope that we may participate in a similar or equiv­ alent propaganda in the year we are entering upon. There was a distinct advantage during the last year in having a given objective for discussion. This objective naturally called for an explana- 3 34 Annual Report—Special Thanks. tion of the urgent need which made advances imperative. We feel that as these campaigns follow in succession, our message to the Church ought to become more and more clear. It does not seem possible that within one year or even within the few years immediately before us, we can ask the Church to fully equip and man all of our fields, which purpose of our Church contemplates the quadrupling of forces. We would feel very much encouraged and strengthened, however, if the General Assembly would ap­ prove of our going into the conferences, and in other ways, rea­ soning with the membership of the churches as to the possibility of at least doubling the forces within the next five years and of supplying the fields with $200,000 for buildings and equipment in the fiscal year, 1913-1914.

SPECIAL THANKS

The Board again gives thanks to God for His guidance throughout the year, and for H&s having 'brought the Church up to a fuller realization of its opportunities and possibilities. He has made possible the sending out of the seven new missionaries in spite of the seeming obstacles; He has opened the hearts of the non-Christians and brought about large ingatherings in the fields. We give Him the praise and glory. The labors of the Board have been much lightened, and the hearts of the members gladdened by the number of friends that have been raised up from time to time, many of them not only those who have given from their abundance, but many friends of the cause who have contributed prayers and gifts even to the point of sacrifice. We are conscious of the help, sympathy and prayers of these friends. The Board desires to assure them of its deep appreciation of all such cooperation. The following persons and organizations may be mentioned in a special way, and to these the Board wishes to express its thanks : 1. The Women’s Board, because of whose continued gifts and labors so large a work is now being maintained in the foreign field. 2. The Women’s Association for their generosity in giving free medical care to missionaries in the Columbia Hospital. 3. The Trustees of the Arthington Fund, for their continued support of a missionary in the Sudan, and also for providing the means of language investigation of far-reaching value to the entire missionary cause in Southern Sudan. 4. The Christian Union Herald, the United Presbyterian, the Christian Instructor, the Women’s Magazine and the Men’s Rec­ ord, for space liberally accorded for the presentation both of mis­ sionary information and of missionary appeal. 5. Dr. T. H. P. Sailer who generously placed his money, time Annual Report—Special Thanks. 35 and talent at our disposal, that the educational phase of our mis­ sionary problem in Egypt might be more clearly apprehended. 6. To the following persons who have contributed $100 or more: Mrs. William Flinn; Mr. T. C. McCrea; Miss Narcissy N. Coch­ ran; “J. B.,” Davenport, N. Y . ; Mrs. Louisa M. Junk; Mrs. Mar­ garet Junk McDowell; Mrs. Ruth Junk Campbell; “A Friend/' Los Angeles Presbytery; Mr. H. J. Ward; “A Friend of Mis­ sions,” Garrattsville, N. Y . ; “A Friend,” per Rev. J. M. Atchison, D. D.; “Two Friends,” Allegheny, Penna.; Thank offering, Wheeling Presbytery; “ Friends of Missions,” Mt. Pleasant, Penna.; Mr. William Wright; “A Contributor,” Jersey City, N. J .; Messrs. J. K. Morrison & Sons; Mr. and Mrs. C. T. Fullwood; “Glad Tidings” ; Mr. Robert Johnston; “A Friend of Missions,” Los Angeles, Cal.; Mrs. George M. Paden; Messrs. Bogle Bros.; Mr. Alexander Gilfillan; “A Member of St. Clair, Penna... Con­ gregation” ; Mr. William Galloway; Mr. David Nelson; Mr. E. D. Reynolds; “A Friend of Missions,” Pittsburgh; “Friends of Missions,” Sewickley, Penna., Congregation; Mrs. Jennie Mahaf- fey; “A Friend,” Carlisle, Iowa; Rev. H. J. Bell; Mr. E. S. Hark- ness; Dr. S. E. Findley; Mrs. Elizabeth J. Bradford; Mr. A. G. Murray; Miss Laura G. Dorsey; “ A Friend,” per Mr. R. Cun­ ningham ; Mr. R. G. Innes; Mr. Charles M. Neeld; J. W. Brown; Mr. and Mrs. T. W. Gordon; Mr. F. G. Bogle; Rev. A. M. Thompson; “Two Friends,” Pittsburgh; “A Member of the First U. P. Church, Baltimore, Md.” ; “ A Friend,” Pittsburgh; Mr. Percy L. Craig; W. J. Cherry; “A Friend,” Mercer, Penna.; “Friends,” per Miss Lillian A. McConnell; “A Friend,” Harri- man, Tenn.; Mr. James Carson; Dr L. M. Henry; Rev. J. T. Campbell; Mrs. Margaret J. Johnston; “ W. C. P.,” Schenectady, N. Y . ; Mr. A. W. Pollock; “ Anonymous, A Friend” ; Eleanor B. McAdam; “Friends,” per Rev. J. H. Boyd.

M. G. K Y L E , President. CHARLES R. WATSON, Corresponding Secretary. GEORGE INNES, Associate Secretary. C. S. CLELAND, Recording Secretary. ROBERT L. LATIMER, Treasurer. Philadelphia, May 7th, 1912. 36 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer.

TREASURER’S REPORT For Year Ending April 30th, 1912 SUMMARY

RECEIPTS. Schedule A— Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly— Presbyteries ...... $159,283 61 Sabbath Schools ...... 18,181 92 Individuals ...... 14,429 17 Young People’s Societies ...... 4,213 07 Bequests ...... 13,862 92 Ladies’ Missionary Societies ...... 709 30 Interest ...... 1,769 74 Endowed Funds Income ...... 1,822 72 Miscellaneous Funds ...... 7,465 47 Special Offering, November 26, 1911 ...... 605 17 Total on Appropriation ...... $222,343 09 Schedule B— Women’s Board, Not Applicable on the Appropria­ tion of the General Assem bly ...... 8 4 ,1 0 2 7 1 Schedule C— Endowed Funds, Principal and Income and Miscellan­ eous Funds, Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly ...... 47,894 05 Schedule D— Investments and Loans, Not Applicable on the Appro­ priation of the General Assembly ...... 62,400 00 Total from all sources ...... $426,739 85 Balance in India from preceding fiscal year, merged Into this year ...... 1,034 20 Balance in Sudan from preceding fiscal year, merged into this year ...... 2,443 68 Balance April 30, 1911 ...... 33,853 22 $464,070 95 DISBURSEMENTS. Schedule A— Indian Mission ...... $133,629 75 Schedule B— Egyptian Mission ...... 153,727 16 Schedule C— Sudan Mission ...... 39,464 29 Schedule D— Expense of Missionaries outside of fields ...... 24,284 83 Schedule E— New Missionaries Fund ...... 4,757 83 Schedule F— Miscellaneous Funds ...... 4,302 27 Schedule G— Interest on Loans and Annuities ...... 4,136 17 Schedule H— Administrative Expenses ...... 15,094 l i Schedule I— Investments and Loans ...... 74,400 00 Total Disbursements ...... $453,796 41 Balance, General Fund, April 30, 1912 ...... 10,274 54 $464,070 95 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer. 37

DETAILED STATEMENT RECEIPTS, SCHEDULE A. Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Sect. 1— From Direct Contributions— Presbyteries ...... $159,283 61 Sabbath Schools ...... 18,181 92 Individuals ...... 14,429 17 Young- People’s Societies ...... 4,213 07 Bequests ...... 13,862 92 Ladies’ Missionary Societies ...... 709 30 Interest ...... 1,769 74 -$212,449 73 Sect. 2— Endowment Funds Income— Sterrett and Agnes Cummins Mem. Fund.?$ 53 25 James Junk Fund ...... 300 00 Ella Jane Dysart Fund ...... 30 00 L. & M. E. A. Fund ...... 60 00 James S. McNary F u n d ...... 262 02 Mary L. Pratt Fund ...... 18 00 Mary Sterritt Memorial Fund ...... 28 97 Matthew Nickle Memorial F und ...... 78 00 Mrs. Jane E. Mack Memorial Fund .... 29 86 Eliza Christie Fund ...... 494 47 Joseph and Eliza Barr Memorial Fund 124 15 Elizabeth Adair Currie F un d ...... 120 00 James and Agnes Sankey Memorial Fund 60 00 Rev. W. W. Barr, D. D., Memorial Fund1 30 00 Robertson Memorial Fund 30 00 Robert w . Lynn Memorial Scholarship 50 00 Mrs. Agnes A. Clark, Jessie and Mary Clark Memorial Fund 24 00 Thomas S. and Mary J. McClanahan Me­ morial Fund ...... 30 00 1,822 72 Sect. 3— Miscellaneous Funds— Sudan Fund ...... $2,818 00 New Missionaries Fund ...... 3,620 92 Property, Walton United Presbyterian Church, Ontario, Canada ...... 1,026 55 7,465 47 Sect. A— Special Offering, Nov. 26, 1911 ...... 605 17 Total on Appropriation of the General Assembly ...... — :------$222,343 09

SCHEDULE B. WOMEN’S BOARD Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Egyptian Mission— Salaries ...... $ 11,499 20 Furlough Salaries ...... 2,834 00 Estimates ...... 15,074 00 Specials ...... 10,792 00 Traveling Expenses ...... 1,832 76 India Mission— Salaries ...... 18,258 59 Furlough Salaries ...... 2,330 00 Estimates ...... 15,432 00 Specials ...... 2,589 54 Traveling Expenses ...... 2,341 53 Sudan Mission— Salaries ...... 957 79 Furlough Salaries ...... 243 00 Estimates ...... 5,842 00 Specials ...... 302 00 Traveling Expenses ...... 115 00 Loan to Omdurman Parsonage ...... 3,500 00 38 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer.

Miscellaneous— Tuition Allowance ...... 60 00 Travel to World in Boston .. 83 60 Travel to Tarkio Conference 15 70 $ 94,102 71

SCHEDULE C. Endowed and Miscellaneous Fund— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Sect. 1— Endowed Funds, Principal— Annuity Fund ...... $ 11,054 15 Archibald Lendrum F und ...... 11 20 Charity Porter Memorial Fund ...... 95 0 00 ------$ 12,015 35 Sect. Z .— Endowed Funds Income— Rev. John B. Dales, D. D., Semi-Cen­ tennial Fund ...... ? 250 00 Mrs. Eliza J. Dales Memorial F u n d 60 00 Mr. and Mrs. Geo. S. Brush Endowment Fund ...... 60 00 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 130 23 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage Fund ...... 716 61 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 6000 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund in Trust 102 00 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 813 72 Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 61 79 Robert Dwight Foster Memorial.... 60 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,578 06 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 581 79 Pressly Memorial Fund ...... 387 90 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund ... 314 04 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial F und ...... 292 50 Annuity Fund, General ...... 1,460 88 Annuity Fund, Special ...... 754 00 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund .... 60 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Bed 50 00 „ * o $ 7,793 52 Sect. 3— New Missionaries Fund, 1911-1912 ... 14,326 35 Sect. 4.— Miscellaneous Funds— Semi-Centennial Fund ...... f 1,711 16 Specials to Egypt ...... 2,766 87 Miss Ella O. Kyle’s School, C airo ...... 1,007 50 Assiut College ...... 200 00 New School, Alexandria ...... 25 00 Library Endowment Fund, Assiut Col­ lege ...... 50 00 Pressly Memorial Institute, Income Riverside Irrigation District Bond .. 30 00 Specials to India ...... 1,977 29 India Famine Orphans Fund ...... 6662 Sargodha Mission School Buildings . .. 200 00 Gujranwala High School ...... 14 50 India Theological Seminary ...... 2500 Special to Sudan ...... 1,046 11 James A. Elliott Sudan Boat ...... 25 00 Sudan Orphanage ...... 338 55 Garnett Presbytery, Special, 1912-1913 50 00 New Missionaries Fund, 1913-1914 .... 40 00 Bequest, Estate of Josephine C. Stiles, Deceased ...... 778 36 Million Dollar Fund ...... 25 00 Robert Arthington Donation ...... 2,186 62 Women’s Board for Account Los An­ geles Presbytery ...... 375 00 W om en’s Board for Account Cedar Rapids Presbytery ...... 275 00 Womens’ Board for Account Sewickley, Pa. S. S...... 4 60 China Famine R elief Fund ...... 540 65 —;------$ 13,758 83 $47,894 0* Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer.

SC H E D U LE D. Investments and Loans. Not applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Loans

DISBURSEMENTS.

SCHEDULE A. India Mission— Remitted and paid for India, Account ..$112,814 59 Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 10,777 36 Specials to India ...... 6,820 96 India Famine Orphans ...... 66 62 Gujranwala High School ...... 14 50 India Theological Seminary ...... 25 00 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 813 72 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 202 00 Rev. John B. Dales, D. D., Semi-Centen­ nial Fund ...... 125 00 Sargodha Mission School Buildings ... 200 00 Account New Missionaries ...... 1,770 00 ------$133,629 75

SCHEDULE B. Egyptian Mission— Remitted and paid for Egyptian Account? 128,120 20 Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 861 29 Specials to Egypt ...... 14,745 91 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage .. 716 61 Pressly Memorial Institute ...... 417 90 Miss Ella O. Kyle’s School, C a ir o 1,007 50 Assiut College ...... 200 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,578 06 . Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 130 23 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund ... 314 04 Wallace Kidd Memorial F un d ...... 6000 Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Rev. John B. Dales, D. D., Semi-Centen­ nial Fund ...... 125 00 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund 292 50 Pressly Fund ...... 242 92 Theological Seminary Endowment Fund 500 00 Robert Dwight Foster Memorial Fund .. 60 00 Rev. W. W. Barr, D. D., Memorial Fund 30 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Bed 50 00 New School, Alexandria ...... 25 00 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund .... 60 00 Library Endowment Fund, Assiut College 50 00 Account New Missionaries ...... 4,080 00 ------$153,727 16

SCHEDULE C. Sudan Mission— Remitted and paid for Sudan Account .$ 24,657 79 Specials to Sudan ...... 3,405 24 Semi-centennial Fund ...... 4,3 38 77 James A. Elliott, Sudan Boat ...... 25 00 Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 61 79 Robert Arthington Fund ...... 1,500 00 Robert Arthington Fund Paid Dietrich, Reimer and Ernst ...... 137 15 Women’s Board Loan Omdurman Par­ sonage Remitted ...... 996 85 Women’s Board Loan Omdurman Par­ sonage, Paid in Am erica ...... 2,503 15 Sudan Orphanage ...... 338 55 Account New Missionaries ...... 1,500 00 ------$ 39,464 29 4 0 Annual Report:—Exhibit of Treasurer.

SCHEDULE D.

Expenses of Missionaries Outside of Fields— Traveling: Expenses India Missionaries . $ 3,761 02 Traveling’ Expenses Egyptian Mission­ aries ...... 5,727 55 Traveling Expenses, Sudan Missionaries 653 05 Outfit Egyptian Missionary ...... 150 00 Furlough Salaries India Missionaries ... 5,224 57 Furlough Salaries Egyptian Missionaries 6,680 04 Furlough Salaries Sudan Missionaries . 1,462 27 Children of India Missionaries...... 5000 Children of Egyptian Missionaries .... 476 33 Children of Sudan Missionaries...... 100 00 24,284 83

SCHEDULE E.

Expenses of New Missionaries Outside of Fields— Traveling Expenses India Missionaries . 1,173 26 Traveling Expenses Egyptian Mission­ aries ...... 1,362 20 Traveling Expenses Sudan Missionaries 489 30 Outfit Allowance India Missionaries .. 450 00 Outfit Allowance Egyptian Mission­ aries ...... 900 00 Outfit Allowance Sudan Missionaries . . 300 00 Tuition Allowance India Missionaries .. 30 00 Tuition Allowance Egyptian Mission­ aries ...... 30 00 Tuition Allowance Sudan Missionaries .. 10 00 Sundry Expenses ...... 13 07 4,757.83

SCHEDULE F. Miscellaneous Funds— Samuel Kerr Fund Annuity Interest ...? 373 00 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund in Trust 102 00 Legal Expenses ...... 185 00 Taxes ...... 22 09 Insurance ...... 9 36 Emergency Fund ...... 39 50 Special Allowance Mrs. H. L. Brandon . 471 80 Million Dollar Committee Expense .... 1,335 00 Women’s Board Account Los Angeles Preshy...... 375 00 Women’s Board Account Cedar Rapids Presby...... 275 00 Women’s Board Account, Sewickley Pa. S. S...... 4 60 Women’s Board Tuition Allowance .... 60 00 Women’s Board Travel to World in Boston ...... 83 60 Women’s Board Travel to Tarkio Con­ ference ...... 15 70 Travel to World in Cincinnati...... 23 25 Travel to Tarkio Conference ...... 1000 Travel to World in Boston ...... 89 89 China Famine Relief Fund Paid The Christian Herald ...... 47 14 China Famine Relief Fund Paid Jacob H. Schiff, Treas...... 478 34 Maria J. Miles Fund, Special 302 00 $ 4,302 27

SCHEDULE Q. Interest— On Loans ...... ? 2,075 29 On Annuities, General ...... 1,460 88 On Annuity, Special . 600 00 4,136 17 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer. 41

S C H E D U LE H. Administrative Expenses— Salary, Corresponding- Secretary .. $ 2,500 00 Sàlary, Treasurer ...... 500 00 Salary, Associate Secretary ...... 2,000 00 Traveling Expenses, Corresponding Sec­ retary ...... 505 46 Traveling Expenses, Associate Secretaryr 483 28 Clerical Allowance, Corresponding Sec­ retary ...... 2,269 64 Clerical Allowance, Treasurer ...... 672 00 Laymen’s Missionary Campaign Expenses1 480 04 Printing, Postage, Rent, Office and Gen­ eral Expenses ...... 5,535 24 Miscellaneous Expenses, General ...... 148 45 $15,094 11

SCHEDULE I.

Investments ...... $ 26,400 00 Loans Repaid ...... 48,000 00 ------$ 74,400 00

INDEBTEDNESS.

Due Reserve Fund ...... $43,374 52 Due by Missions, etc. ...$ 7,586 86 Outstanding Loans ...... 41,262 57 Cash Bal. April 30, 1912 . 10,274 54 ------Deficit,April 30, 1912 ... 66,775 69 $84,637 09 ------$84,637 09 4 2 Action of General Assembly.

REPORT OF THE ASSEMBLY’S COMMITTEE ON THE FOREIGN BOARD.

There have been referred' to your Committee the Annual Re­ port of the Board of Foreign Missions, and so much of the report of the Council of Reformed Churches in America Holding the Presbyterian System as relate to Foreign Missions. The Council of Reformed Churdhes asks for a policy of coop­ eration in foreign missionary effort, and urges certain steps for more effective work in other lands. To this policy of cooperation our denomination has already committed itself, and the various parts of the program suggested are now either in operation, or are under the serious consideration of our Board of Foreign Missions. No action is necessary on this paper, unless it be to commend the enterprise which this Council has shown in the cause of Foreign Missions, and to pledge our support to our Board of Foreign Missions as it cooperates in this program. We recom­ mend that such endorsement be given. The report of the Board of Foreign Missions contains both information and inspiration, and a careful reading of the report will quicken the life of the Church. The work as it is here pre­ sented moves us to recommend: 1. That we return our thanks to Him Whose benediction has been upon our Church during the past year, and Who has shown His willingness to use our Church in advancing His Kingdom. 2. That the report of the Board of Foreign Missions be adopted, and that hearty thanks be given by this Assembly to the officers and members of the Board of Foreign Missions for their pains-ta'king and faithful labors. 3. That we recognize the uplift that came to the Church through the holding of presbyterial conferences in which a pro­ gram for missionary and evangelistic effort was put definitely be­ fore the membership of the Church, and that it was under the in­ spiration of the appeal thus made that the Church found courage to take an advance step in its work for the present year. 4. We recommend that such presbyterial conferences be held during this year in which representatives of the Foreign Board join with such representatives of other Boards as may be available, to encourage the Church to attempt still larger things; and we suggest that this Board consult with the Boards interested in the work at home that some ringing and inspiring motto for the new year be secured which shall include the missionary and evangelistic work of the whole Church, and which shall set a standard not Action of General Assembly. 43 lower than that of last year: Twenty-five Thousand Souls for Christ and a Million Dollars for Missions. 5. That we give expression of our sympathy and love to the relatives and friends of the late Rev. W. J. Brandon who was called to his reward from a work which he was doing so effici­ ently and faithfully. 6. That we rejoice in the success of the Board in securing sufficient funds to send out during the year the seven men who were under appointment a year ago, and who were detained in this country for lack of financial support. 7. That the Assembly hereby endorse the appointments made by the Board and authorize the sending forth of the follow­ ing new missionaries: To be supported by the Women’s Board: Miss Olive Laing to India, Miss Olive T. Mason to Egypt, Miss Mary M. Pattison to Egypt, Miss Mabel B. Dickey to Egypt, Miss Jeannette Hop-; kins to India, Miss Lois McCracken to Egypt, Miss B. Isabel Shannon, M. D., to Egypt. Under the Foreign Board: Rev. J. Willard Acheson and Miss Alice B. Phillips to Egypt, Rev. J. Wallace Baird and Miss Maude R. Edgerton to Egypt, Rev. E. V. Clements and Miss Sara Emily Matthews to India, Rev. F. N. Crawford and Mrs. Crawford1 to India, Rev. W. P. Gilmor to Egypt, Rev. W. D. Mercer and Miss Irene Cloud to India. 8. That we believe that the Manual under which the Board of Foreign Missions is now operating and which was prepared fifteen years ago may in some respects be amended with advant­ age to meet modern conditions, and we therefore recommend that the Board carefully revise the Manual and suggest to the next Assembly such changes as are believed by the Board to be advisable. 9. That in view of the telegram received from Dr. Watson and read to the Assembly by Mr. George Innes, in which he announces the probability of Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer becoming attached to our Mission through the generosity of the Reformed Church in America, we enthusiastically express our appreciation and gratitude to the Board' of the Reformed Church in assigning this unusually gifted and qualified man to assist in the work of our Mission, and we authorize our Board to finance the work which he initiates. Signed: W m . J. R eid. W. J. B u c h a n a n . H. J. B e l l . W. J. K ilm e r . J. M. M cP eaic. 44 Appropriations of the General Assembly.

THE BUDGET FOR 1912-13

T h e Seattle Assembly did not appropriate to the foreign missionary work of the Church any fixed and definite sum, but it voted that of the total amount secured by undesignated pledges, made during the Million Dollar Campaign, forty per cent, should go to the work abroad. The total income regarded by the Ways and Means Committee as guaranteed to the Boards of the Church by the Million Dollar Campaign was $675,249. Of this amount, therefore, ¡forty per cent, might be considered as the assured in­ come of the Foreign Board from the regular resources of the Church. This amount may be slightly increased by the receipt of bequests, legacies and annuities. In making up its budget for 1912-13 the Board made every effort to keep within the limits of its assured income. It was nec­ essary, however, to consider also the imperative needs of the work already in hand. Five men who had qualified for foreign mis­ sionary appointment had to be provided for. An allowance was required for a slight expansion of the work in India and provi­ sion needed also to be made for the gradual elimination of a long standing deficit. Accordingly the budget presented on the next page was adopted for 1912-13, calling for a total income of $401,- 222. O f this amount $71,891 is to be provided by the Women’s Board, and $329,331 must be provided through the regular chan­ nels. SAFEGUARDING THIS INCOME. To make more certain the receipt of the necessary funds and thus to avoid the disasters and discouragements of serious short­ ages at the end of the year, the following practical suggestions are made to pastors and missionary leaders: 1. Faithful effort must be made to collect the full amount pledged. The new financial system has achieved remarkable suc­ cess in the securing of pledges for so great an advance. But the amounts which have been pledged require now to be collected. A splendid system of canvassing the Church for pledges requires now to be followed up by an equally business-like method of col­ lections. The weekly envelope system is, of course, the most ef­ fective method of accomplishing this end, but whether this method be used or not those who have made pledges should not be per­ mitted to fall into arrears in the making of payments. 2. Continued effort should be made to secure weekly gifts from those who made no pledges. There were many such. They escaped the canvass or they were not in a position to make Appropriations of th\e General Assembly. 45

pledges. They may yet be enlisted in the support of the work. Their continued weekly gifts during the remainder of the year will aggregate a considerable sum. 3. The needs of the work rather than the unworthy measure of a human pledge should be presented insistently. Let no one imagine for a moment that the budget presented below represents the entire needs of the work even for the cur­ rent year. The most conservative judgment would accord to the work in hand an advance of about fifty per cent, if the resources permitted it. For six years the work has been scarcely permitted any increase whatever. A ten per cent, annual advance should have been the policy of the past decade of missionary opportunity and the requirements of the situation demand a marked advance at once to redeem the limitations of the past. Indeed, the rallying cry authorized by the Seattle Assembly is : “ We must double our missionary force in the next five years and raise $200,000 at once for equipment.” To make possible the realization of this aim, we must first of all guarantee the full amount required by the present year’s budget. BUDGET FOR 1912-1913. Egypt ...... $147,766 India ...... 125,434 Sudan ...... 33,770 Home Expenses ...... 27,480 Total Cost of Current W o rk ...... $334,450 Provided by Women’s Board ...... 71,891 Current Work of Foreign Board ...... $262,559 Debt of Foreign Board ...... 66,772

Required for Foreign Board ...... $329,331 As against this budget of expenditures, the estimated receipts are as follows: 40 per cent, of $675,249 ...... $270,107 Estimated receipts from individuals (asin 1911-12).. 14,479 Total receipts from bequests (as in 1911-12) ...... 13,862 Total ...... $298,448 If these receipts are realized, it will be possible to meet all liabilities of the current work, liquidate one third of the debt, and yet have $13,632 for permanent equipment imperatively required. 4 6 Annual Report of the Women’s Board.

REPORT OF THE FOREIGN DEPARTMENT OF THE WOMEN’S BOARD

OUR HEARTS’ DESIRE.

• T h a t the Master will give all the work for women and chil­ dren in our foreign fields to the Women’s General -Missionary Society. OUR PRESENT ATTAINMENTS. The entire support of all unmarried women missionaries in our three foreign fields—this includes salaries, all expense of trav­ eling, language teacher, sanitation, etc. IN D IA.— Forty-five lady missionaries, Memorial Hospital, Sialkot; Good Samaritan Hospital, Jhelum; White Memorial Hos­ pital, Pasrur; Dispensaries at Sialkot, Jhelum, Khala, Bhera and Pasrur; Girls’ Boarding School, Sialkot; Girls’ Day School, Sial­ kot ; Girls’ Boarding and Day School, Sangla H ill; Home for Dis­ pensary Workers, Bhera; Home for Lady Missionaries at Sialkot, Lyallpur and Sangla H ill; Elizabeth Gordon Home, Sialkot. SUDAN.—Three lady missionaries, Girls’ Boarding and Day School, Khartum North; Girls’ Day School, Wady Hklfa. Expended during the year ending April 15th, 1912, $107,- 982.88. EG Y P T .—Thirty-five lady missionaries, Martha J. McKown Hospital, Tanta; Dispensaries at Tanta and Benha; Girls’ Board­ ing and Day Schools at Alexandria, Luxor and Tanta; Day Schools for Girls at Karmous, K afr el Ashari, Beni-Suef, Faiyum, Monsurah, K afr el Hukama and Zakazik; Rest Home at Ramleh (prospective). The buildings for girls’ boarding and day schools, Sangla Hill, India, have been undertaken at a cost of $6,000. The cot­ tage plan has been adopted. Each cottage accommodates twenty- five girls and a teacher. $1,200 will build a cottage and $200 will furnish one. Pledges have been received for the sum needed to erect and furnish two cottages. Who will send money required for the rest of the buildings, cottages, chapel and recitation room, home for missionaries and teachers, etc., fence, engine for water reservoir, trees and plants—.all cost money. If you are unable to build a cottage you might help with these other desirable and nec­ essary things. Tanta is the third largest city in Egypt. Our lovely and be­ loved Tanta Hospital is all we possess in this Moslem center. Our Boarding and Day School has been wonderfully blessed and has Annual Report of the Women's Board. 47 grown beyond our expectations. At the earnest request of the Egyptian missionaries a large plot of ground in a very desirable part of the city has been 'bought at a cost of fifteen thousand ($15,000) dollars, which was the exact amount of Life Member­ ship funds in the treasury. It was held from the beginning until the Master would indicate some special use for it. Earnest prayer and effort is being made to secure enough life membership money with which to erect suitable buildings for a model school for girls where boarding and day pupils may be received and trained to a higher plane of Christian living. Money needed for year ending April, 1913—one hundred thousand dollars. “ If ye abide in Me, and my words abide in you, ye shall ask what ye will and it shall be done unto you/’ The following named young women have been elected as for­ eign missionaries to go out in the autumn of 19 12. FOR INDIA.—Miss Olive R. Laing, Ingram, Pa.; Miss Jeannette Hopkins, Meeker, Colorado; Miss Jane Shepherd, Brad- dyville, Iow a; Miss Minnie E. Beatty, Butler, Pa. FO R E G Y P T .—Dr. B. I. Shannon, Elyria, Ohio; Miss Olive T. Mason, Verona, P a .; Miss Mabel B. Dickey, Wilkinsburg, P a .; Miss Lois A. McCracken, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Miss Mary M. Patti- son, Ottumwa, Iowa. Signed: E l iz a b e t h M. C a m p b e ll, Foreign Secretary. 4 8 Action on Women’s Board.

REPORT OF THE ASSEMBLY’S COMMITTEE ON THE WOMEN’S BOARD

Your Committee on the Women’s Board submit the following report: The only papers placed in the hands of your Committee are the Annual Re­ port to the Assembly, and the message to us while in convention at Chicago. Their report is a full, compact, and clear presentation of the year’s work. The different departments have enjoyed a prosperous year. The blessing of God has rested upon their work from the beginning to the end of the year. The Board is steadily and wisely enlarging the field of its operations upon a sound financial basis. Missionary work in the cities, among the Indians, Italians and Mountaineers; building parsonages, industrial work in the South, the support of unmarried women missionaries, the erecting of parsonages and hospitals in the foreign field, constitute the main departments of the women’s work. They greatly facilitate the work of our own Boards, and much of our highJy-com- plimented success is due to their noble enterprise in obeying the Saviour’s last command. Were they to withdraw their support, our undertakings at home and abroad would become a burden that would crush us. They work In kindly sympathy and generous accord with our own Boards. They deserve our con­ gratulations, confidence and gratitude. One item In their report indicates the extent of their work. On April 16, 1911, their outstanding loans for parsonages amounted to $112,804.13. During 1911, on these loans were paid $14,448.05. On April 15, 1912, the unpaid loans amounted to §98,356.08. In their report they again refer to the feeble support which the Magazine receives from the Church, and ask for a more liberal patronage. This periodi­ cal is among the best missionary magazines published and deserves the widest possible circulation. The editor of the Junior Magazine appeals for “news items, articles, stories, verses, pictures— anything and everything, pertaining to missions.” will not some of our men who wield the pen of a ready writer come to the help of the Junior editor? We recommend for adoption the following: 1. That we express our sincere appreciation of the splendid work that our women are doing and as sincerely thank them for their generous coopera­ tion. 2. That we' pledge ourselves to assist in securing an increase of the sub­ scriptions to the Missionary Magazine. 3. That we heartily reciprocate the sentiment of their message of loyalty and love. May heaven’s richest blessing abide upon the women of the United Presbyterian Church. 4. Resolved, That this assembly recommend that a joint committee from the Women’s Board and the General Committee or the Y. P. C. U. meet and adjust the age discrepancies satisfactorily to each society. 5. That when the Women’s Convention in 1913 is In session, the Clerk of the Assembly be directed to send them greeting in the name of the men of the United Presbyterian Church. Hab. 13: 20, 21. 6. That we join in a prayer of thanksgiving for the work which our noble women are doing, and an earnest petition that the grace of God may abound more and more toward them. Signed: R. H. HUME. A. F. KIRKPATRICK. M. B. PATTERSON. HUGH ST. CLAIR. JOHN McKELVY. THE

57 th Annual Report

OF THE

American Mission

IN

EGYPT

FOR THE YEAR 1911 Egypt—Introduction. 5i

INTRODUCTION

BY TH E REV. J . G. H U N T, D.D.

Two important events in the political world during the past year have had their bearing upon conditions in Egypt and upon our work. One of these was the breaking out of the Turkish- Italian war in the early autumn. Not only is Tripoli, an adjoining country with a somewhat uncertain desert boundary, the scene of conflict, but the combatants are Christians and Moslems. Inev­ itably, therefore, considerable excitement was aroused in this country. At times this threatened serious outbreaks and affected the relation of our workers to the Moslem population. But on the whole it has been a cause for surprise as well as gratitude that our work has been so little hindered. The other event was the death of Sir Eldon Gorst, the British Agent in Egypt, and the appointment of Lord Kitchener as his successor. For some years affairs in Egypt had been in a rather unsettled and unsatisfactory state. The appointment of Lord Kitchener was understood to mean the putting of a strong hand at the helm. His arrival had the expected effect, for immediately the disturbing elements began to subside. Moreover, by his frank friendliness, the new Agent has been winning the confidence of all classes, while he is displaying perhaps unlooked-for qualities of constructive statesmanship. It is confidently hoped that his ad­ ministration will prove a time of renewed tranquility and pros­ perity in the country, and what is of still more importance to our work, a time of larger liberty to the Christian portion of the popu­ lation in the enjoyment of their rights. Reference will be ¡found in the Evangelistic Report to the Coptic and Moslem congresses held during the early part of the past year. These, too, were events of large local importance. While rousing much bitterness oif feeling at the time, this has largely abated now, and the results on the whole seem to be salu­ tary. Ain important event in the missionary world directly affecting Egypt was the second Conference for Workers among Mohamme­ dans held in Lucknow, India, in January of the past year. Two delegates from our Mission were present, Prof. R. S. McClenahan and Miss Minnehaha Finney, also Mr. Mitri Saleeb, an elder in our Egyptian Church and assistant editor of our church papers in Arabic. The inspiration and practical suggestions which our rep­ resentatives were able to bring back not only from the conference but from their visit also to our Mission in the Punjab, are still bearing valuable fruit in our work here. 52 Egyp t—In troduction.

Mention should be made of several visitors to the field whose coming meant much to us and to our work. Dr. John R. Mott, International Secretary of the Young Men’s Christian Associa­ tion, spent some time here in the month of March. HDis addresses delivered to thousands of young men in Cairo left a deep and last­ ing impression, while his appeals to the students in our College at Assiut resulted in a large number dedicating themselves to the Lord’s work. For the first time in the history of the Mission, we had the pleasure otf welcoming to Egypt representatives from the Women’s Board, in the persons of Mrs. H. C. Campbell and Mrs. J. B. Hill, the Secretary and the Treasurer, respectively, of this Board. They took time for a thorough and painstaking inspection df the work. We are sure that this as well as the closer personal relationship established will bear most valuable fruit in better mutual understanding and more effective administration of the work. On the last day of the year, Dr. Charles R. Watson, Cor­ responding Secretary of the Foreign Board, accompanied by Dr. T. H. P. Sailer of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions in New York, arrived in Egypt, and is now engaged in an exhaustive educational and missionary survey otf the country which we are confident will prove of inestimable importance to our missionary plans and operations in the future. During the year 19 11, the following persons returned from their furloughs in America and took up again their work in Egypt: Dr. L. M. Henry and the Revs. J. G. Hunt, J. H. Boyd and H. E. Philips and their families, the Rev. W. L. McClenahan, and the Misses Buchanan, McDowell and Paden. The following persons returned to America on furlough: the Revs. T. J. Finney, R. W. Walker and R. G. McGill and their families, and the Misses Smith, Finney, Work, McConaughy and Hammond. Miss Thomp­ son spent six months in America, returning in November. We gratefully record the addition to our ranks of several new mission­ aries : the Rev. and Mrs. Mark Roy who are located in Cairo, the Rev. and Mrs. R. W. Caldwell located in Zakazik, the Rev. and Mrs. F. S. Thompson located in Assiut, and the Misses Nellie C. Smith and Roe O. Williams located in Tanta and Assiut, respec­ tively. While we thank God ¡for the preserved lives of all our mis­ sionaries during the year past, it is with special thanksgiving that we record the fact that Dr. and Mrs. Andrew Watson, at present the senior members of our force, have been permitted to round out a half century of missionary service. With the exception of Mrs. Ewing, who celebrated the semi-centennial of her arrival in Egypt the preceding year, they are the first of our missionaries to see fifty years of service in this country, they having reached Egypt on November 27th, 1861. They have been privileged to see the work grow ¡from the smallest beginnings to its present propor­ tions. When they arrived, there was no native congregation or Egypt—Introduction. 53 native pastor, and the only mission schools were in Cairo and Alexandria. Now there is a native evangelical Church in Egypt of 11,464 members with 76 organized congregations and 197 out- stations, 62 ordained ministers and 33 licentiates, theological stu­ dents and lay preachers; while there are, in all, 197 mission schools, with 17,356 pupils, not to speak of other flourishing branches of mission work. Dr. Watson’s chief work has been in connection with the Theological Seminary, all the ministers in the native Church, with the exception of one who is now retired, hav­ ing passed under his training. Very fittingly, as well as feelingly, at a meeting held in his honor in connection with the Synod of the Nile in the early part of the present year, did they refer to them­ selves as his “ children.” 54 Egypt—Evangelistic Work.

EVANGELISTIC WORK

B Y TH E REV. W. H. REED..

The motto suggested by one of our Egyptian pastors and adopted for the Annual Prayer Conference held at Sanabu was “ Egypt 'for Christ.” It met with the hearty approval of the dele­ gates, and all the subjects were closely related to this main theme. Although for years there have been definite effort and prayer for Moslems on the part of some of the native workers, yet this beautiful motto, hung high above the pulpit, was a constant reminder of the great change taking place in the attitude of many of the pastors and leaders of the Protestant Church in regard to work among Mohammedans, who constitute nine-tenths of the population of Egypt, viz., a gradually deepening, broadening, and strengthening of the sense of responsibility for winning Egypt for Christ. Here is suggested the chief characteristic of the work during the past year. It is not so much the extra effort made to reach all, as the great change in point of view, which means the assuming of their share in the evangelization of Egypt. It is only two or three years since the pastor who suggested the above motto endeavored to throw all responsibility for reach­ ing the Mohammedans upon the missionaries. Imagine the pro­ found impression made upon the conference when he pleaded to the effect that the time had come for us to stop trying to shift onto each other the responsibility for the evangelization of the Moslems, and to unite hand in hand and shoulder to shoulder, trusting in the Head of the Church to lead us forth to victory. Add to this the fact that since the conference, through his influ­ ence, his congregation took a Mohammedan woman inquirer from a neighboring town where it was impossible for her to receive in­ struction, provided a home for her and her child, and kept them till she was grounded in the truth. There was great joy, when after a careful examination, she was able publicly to acknowledge her faith, and be baptized along with her child. Also a Moslem merchant visiting his town attended the nightly meetings in the church for forty days, joining heartily in the singing, his favorite Psalms being the 122nd and 76th. Another Moslem merchant who had twice been to Mecca, came Sabbath morning and afternoon and every night during his week’s residence there. He was so pleased with the text used in Sabbath school, viz., “ Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more,” that he used it as the subject of a discourse in a mosque. Not less striking was the change of the attitude and .faith of another of our prominent pastors. Two years ago he rose and Egypt—Evangelistic Work. 55

confessed that he did not have faith in the conversion of the Mo­ hammedans. Many others rose and made a similar confession and asked for prayer. During this conference, just after an address on “ Our responsibility to be filled with the Holy Spirit,” especially in order to win Moslems, he rose and said that he purposed by the grace of God to speak to at least ten Mohammedans each month about spiritual things, and asked those ready to do the same to rise. Four or five rose; but at that moment, before he had closed, as if Satan longed to blast his effort, another began to talk, and he was compelled to sit down, while a smile passed over the audi­ ence. However, the next day, thirty-eight others promised to attempt some definite work for Mohammedans during the year. They gave their names to Synod’s committee on work for Mos­ lems, and before long there is to be a special meeting of those pledged to this definite work. Several months later it was the privilege of the writer to visit this pastor and find him greatly en­ couraged by his experiences. He said that he had talked to many Mohammedans, among them lawyers, judges and mayors, and that now he was not afraid to meet anyone on religious subjects. On the train he sometimes went from one compartment to another in order to get an opportunity to talk to them. A number also at­ tended the special meetings held in the churches off Luxor and Kous, at which he spoke. He remarked, “ I think I shall never lose 'faith again in the work for Mohammedans.” Another striking feature of the Annual Prayer Conference was the presence of quite a number of the Moslem converts who had been invited. Some of them took active part in the meetings. Mr. Mikhael Mansour, the worker from Cairo, addressed the con­ ference on “ The Chief Need of Egypt,” and took part in the dis­ cussions of several other subjects. He is listened to with the highest respect, and one is deeply impressed with his knowledge of the Bible. A Syrian convert working in the Nile Mission Press had always spoken rather disparagingly of the Egyptians in general and their capabilities, but on this occasion he came home full of admiration for the kind of men he had discovered in the capable native pastors o'f Upper Egypt. On the other hand, the conference and the motto “ Egypt for Christ” attracted the attention of the newspapers, both Coptic and Mohammedan. The representative of the Coptic daily paper was present at some of the meetings and wrote a favorable article. Several bitter articles were published in the Mohammedan dailies and they suggested as their motto, “ Egypt for Mohammed.” This reveals the other side of the problem. The open opposition of the Mohammedans through political papers and other means has been strong, and the persecution of Mohammedan converts has been unusually severe. Strenuous efforts have been put forth to win Christians to Mohammedanism. Political favor as well as bribes have been freely used. 56 Egypt—Evangelistic Work.

This open opposition was doubtless increased by the holding of the Coptic Congress during the early part of the year. Its ob­ ject was to ask from the Government, and if necessary, appeal to England, for the rights both religious, political, and financial of the Christians o>f Egypt. Among the things requested was the privilege oif keeping the Sabbath, for many Christians now em­ ployed in Government service are required to work on the Sab­ bath ; and also for Government aid for Christian schools, and for the privilege of holding higher offices in the Government service. So great were the fears of the Government, and so intense the ex­ citement raised over the proposed congress, that special troops were sent from Cairo to preserve order. However, the entire congress was conducted with the greatest wisdom and order so that it drew 'forth the admiration of all. The Mohammedan press bitterly attacked the position taken by the congress, and a little later a large Moslem congress was convened in Cairo in order to counteract its influence, but the Moslems ifailed to maintain the order and discretion of the Copts. A twofold result' might be mentioned. The standing and ability of the Copts and their oppression by the Government was brought in a special manner before the British people, for their rights were defended by the British press. The immediate effect in Egypt was strong opposition on the part of Mohammedans and a special endeavor to hinder the Copts wherever they were unduly represented in the lower positions in Government service. How­ ever, on the arrival of Lord Kitchener in Egypt and his firm grasp olf' the reins of the Government, things have become quiet and comparatively peaceful, except during the early part of the Turk- ish-Italiaij/vvar in Tripoli. Intense excitement then prevailed, rioting broke out in several places, and a holy war was talked aboutf but as the months passed by, peace and quietness again prevailed. In considering the Evangelistic Work in Egypt, it should be remembered that the great bulk of this is carried on by the sixty- two Egyptian ministers and preachers and the 11,464 members who compose the Protestant Church of Egypt. The Church, or Synod of the Nile, comprises 77 (one in the Sudan) congregations and 279 (six in the Sudan Presbytery) outstations, and is divided into five presbyteries, (March 21, 1912). The Presbytery of the Delta includes within its bounds more than half oi the population of Egypt, almost all df whom are Mohammedans. Think of nearly 6,000,000 souls of whom only 878 are Protestant church members, and the Condition of the Delta rises before us, i. e., one church member to about.7,000 of the population. This large territory is divided into six districts in which missionaries are located. ALEXANDRIA. The first is Alexandria where Messrs. Boyd and Henderson IM 111j 10 W OMBN'8 CONFRliRNCB, ASS1UT, 1012. Egyp t—Evangelistic Work. 57 have been laboring. The church there continues to be the center of Christian activity, five meetings being held every Sabbath be-1 sides the mid-week meetings. With the aid o'f some of the church members, an earnest effort has been made by the missionaries to hold meetings in different sections of the city. Preaching services as well as Sabbath school are now held every Sabbath morning in Haret el Yahud, and also in the Karmous Girls’ School. The average attendance at the latter place was 32. During the sum­ mer, some otf the Egyptian workers, of their own accord, began nightly meetings in three small rooms in the same quarter, which still continue with an attendance of from twenty-five to fifty. Our workers lead these meetings four or five nights each week. Regu­ lar work is continued in the Kafr el-Ashari quarter. During the summer months large audiences assembled on the Mission prem­ ises at Ramleh. They are composed of Protestants, Copts and Moslems, and often from three to five different nationalities are represented. Many rich and influential Christians from Upper Egypt who spend their summer in Ramleh, attend these meetings. Most impressive services are conducted by Mr. Mitri Saleeb, an elder oif our church in Alexandria, and editor of our two Chris­ tian papers, E l Huda (The Guide) and Negm el Meshrik (The Star of the East). We may note here that 1,000 copies of the Hilda and about 1,500 copies of the Negm have been distributed weekly during the year. These papers exert an influence for good throughout the entire Church. The experiences of the Alexandria missionaries with Mos­ lem converts have been varied and sometimes trying. Two, after repeated trials, have gone back to their 'former faith. The sad fact seems evident that neither o'f them ever had the Christ-life. May God yet show present appearances false and these men true. Others who have made profession are to all appearances true and faithful. The Sanabu Conference was a special help to one of these converts and to others through him. A number o'f inquirers have appeared, some persistent and apparently sincere, and others only looking for a job or trying to spy out the land. What we need is just aggressive ifaith, the faith that not only overcomes the world, but presses right on to claim the victory for our King. TANTA. In the Tanta District, the hot-bed of Mohammedanism, where Messrs. Kruidenier and Coventry are stationed, are over two mil­ lion souls. Dr. Kruidenier’s time is divided between the work in the Theological Seminary in Cairo and the work in Tanta District. Great difficulty is here found in distinguishing between the Evan­ gelistic Work proper and that done by other evangelistic agencies such as the Tanta Hospital, the Girls’ Day and Boarding School, the Y. M. C. A., the distribution of the Scriptures and religious books, and the Harem work, as well as that done by the village 58 Egypt—Evangelistic Work.

schools. This is true in all parts of Egypt; so close and vital is the relationship of the different departments, that each is but a part o f the evangelistic effort put forth for the redemption of Egypt. The hospital evangelist and the Bible woman preach and teach the Gospel not only to patients at the institutions, but to many a one singly and, by means of meetings, to many in the city and the out­ lying district. The evangelist in particular is opening up towns and villages where, if we had workers, a permanent work could be carried on. The girls’ school aids the Sabbath school and affords a meeting place whenever a preacher can be found. What is ac­ complished by these means is equal to, if not more than, that ac­ complished by the evangelistic work strictly so-called. The congregational work in Tanta has been of normal char­ acter. The Sabbath school and the Christian Endeavor Society have improved and the number of communicants increased. It "has had its trials in the loss of members by death, One in par­ ticular deserves mention because df his many years’ connection with the church, his faithful attendance, and cooperation in all the •church interests. Tanta congregation ieels the loss of Mr. Simaan Hanna. The out-station work has been particularly encouraging. At Tukh en-Nasara, Bisyune and Kafr ez-Zayat services have been •conducted quite regularly by the missionaries or hospital evangel­ ist, and occasionally by the local teacher. The audiences average from twenty-five to seventy. At Santa, Sanbat and Shebas Ameir, presbyterial workers have carried on a similar work with success. It is significant to note that at these places, mission schools have been established for some time and their work and permanence have operated as a leavening influence without which the effort would be made much more difficult. Where we have no schools we have no regular services. The great need in this district is for evangelistic workers to carry on the work already started. Mr. Coventry, who has re­ turned to the Delta after two years in other parts of the field, has noticed an advance along evangelistic lines in all districts. There are more places in which there are regular services and more peo­ ple attending them. The reason If or improvement is that we have more workers than formerly and more work is being done. We are also beginning to reap the fruit of 'former years when we la­ bored and saw no results. The outlook is much more hopeful and the success of the work is greater. There is more readiness on the part of the people to listen to spiritual themes, and especially on the part of the Mohammedans. Tanta, the heart of the Delta, and the need of millions df unsaved souls all unite in the cry, “ More work­ ers and more work.” MONSURAH. In the Monsurah District, there are eight towns and six hun­ dred and sixteen villages with a population of nearly a million and Egypt—Evangelistic Work. 59 a half. Messrs. McClenahan and Thompson are located there, and it may be said that there is no other missionary organization at work in this section. Regular services are held in seven differ­ ent centers, viz., Monsurah, Esbet es Saida, Mehalla Kabir, Sama- noud, Mit Ghamr, Sinbellawein, and Aga. During the past year a goodly interest has been shown in the evangelistic work of the church in Monsurah, the Christian Endeavor Society having taken the lead in the work. Last autumn, one of the teachers in the Boys’ School, who is president of the society, went to the Prayer Conference at Sanabu and came home with a new vision of the work and of the church’s responsibility toward Egypt. He gave a splendid report. Search is being made by the society for a place to hold another meeting within reach o>f the town. A regular Sabbath service is being provided for by the society at Samanoud. The meetings in this district are well attended and the interest growing. At Mit Ghamr, Rev. Gebra Taudros not only preaches on Sabbaths and holds two or three meetings during the week, but also visits Santa and Sanbot quite regularly and one or two other places near Mit Ghamr. ZAKAZIK. The total population of the Zakazik province is 879,646 and o'f these 860,568 are Mohammedans. Messrs. Hart and Caldwell are stationed there, the former having been there for years, and the latter a new missionary. The native pastor, the teachers, and two Bible colporteurs assist in the work in this large district, not a very large force indeed with which to evangelize nearly a million souls. There are some English missionaries alsp at Belbeis. The regular places for carrying on Christian work under our Mission are Zakazik, Hehia, Minyat el Kamh, Mit Yaish, and Hala. There are other places, such as Abu Kebir, where we could have meet­ ings if we had force sufficient to visit them. Good attendance is reported at these places of meeting. A ifew Mohammedans are almost always at some of these services. Many of the Copts, or so-called Christians, know little or nothing of the religion which they profess and we are not sur­ prised to hear occasionally of some of them becoming Mohamme­ dans. A defection from the Christian 'faith occurred at a village nd&r here some months ago. In the town are some wealthy, influ­ ential Copts and they were very much shocked and grieved. Con­ cluding that the man had left from lack o'f knowledge, they imme­ diately took steps to instruct the people. They wisely decided that the Protestant pastor in Zakazik would be their best teacher and invited him to visit them once a week, which he has done. So de­ sirous were the leaders that all Christians should attend that they imposed a fine on those who remained away from the meetings without a good excuse thus “compelling them to come in.” At a Coptic mourning in a nearby towif, there was no one of their num­ 6o _ Egypt—Evangelistic Work. ber to read or recite the Bible so a Moslem volunteered and re­ peated verses from the Koran. May the Coptic Church awaken to her opportunity and responsibility. The enemy of all good has not been inactive there. An old man of about sixty-five years, being convinced of the truth of Christianity, accepted Christ as his Savior and was baptized in Cairo. Being zealous and willing to work, he was appointed col­ porteur o'f religious books. He did faithful work not only in sell­ ing religious books, but in preaching Christ as he was able. It was not long till the chief man of his town accused him to the po­ lice on what we believed to be a false charge. Learning that the police were wanting him, he went to Cairo and finally to Tanta where he again took up the work of a colporteur under the direc­ tion otf the missionaries there. He was finally delivered up to the police, brought back to Zakazik, put into prison, and after three months’ delay, tried and sentenced to two years’ imprisonment. His prison life is harder than it would be if he were not a Chris­ tian for the jailers are Moslems and know the cause of his im­ prisonment. He is only allowed to see his friends once in two months. However, Mr. Hart has permission from the superin­ tendent of the prison to preach to Christians once a month, and thus sees him oftener and hopes to strengthen him in his faith. This is truly persecution for righteousness’ sake. Although his lot is a hard one and he is an old man, we hope that he may live through his sentence and once more be free to tell others of the Savior for whom he has suffered. BENHA. Encouraging word comes from the Benha District where Mr. Work is located. The new pastor, ordained during the year, writes that since he first came to Benha, the attendance has more than doubled, and the people give more liberally. He also takes a very active part in the village work. Meetings are held regularly in six out-stations with an attendance varying from twenty to fifty. In one of these stations the teacher holds meetings for Cop­ tic boys, and buys and distributes tracts among them in order to hold their interest. A few Mohammedans regularly attend some of the meetings in the out-stations. The Copts in the Govern­ ment employ in Benha invite the workers to hold meetings *in their homes. 'In last year’s report, reference was made to a young Syrian convert. Hie was then and still is passing under a cloud. But he had interested another who Nicodemus-like has been com- ,ing to the missionary night after night, after he knew all out­ siders had quit the premises, and when no one would see him but the missionary and his God. He belongs to a most fanatical and bigoted family and though married is still under the parental root and authority, his father being the overseer of his work, draw ing his son’s salary, and managing the affairs of the house as is so Egyp t—Evangelistic Work. 61 often the custom in the East. Being asked how his wife felt on the subject, he replied that she was sympathetic with him though she had not the chance to learn about the way of truth as he had. Imagine the surprise when one night about 9.30 o’clock, he and his wife and child called. When seated, he asked that they sing some of the Psalms that he had learned when in school and then that the missionary read and explain a chapter and lead in prayer. His face was just beaming and his wife seemed pleased also. How­ ever, they are not free to confess Christ yet. Pray that he may be helped so as to be able to confess before men. THE ALLEGHENY. The new Delta Steamer, the Allegheny, with Dr. and Mrs. Pollock and the Rev. W. L. MdClenahan as workers, has been making her second trip in visiting villages along the banks of the Nile and larger canals in the densely populated Delta. It has al­ ready been shown to be a most useful agency in reaching the peo­ ple of the Dfelta with the Gospel message. The opportunities for personal work and public preaching have been great indeed. Ignorance, opposition and fanaticism also have confronted the workers in a peculiar manner. The war between Italy and Tur­ key has made the work much more difficult, for the more ignorant people are ready on slight provocation to proclaim war against all Christians alike. At the first town, the workers were suspected of being spies who had come on some business pertaining to the war and the bigoted mayor ordered them to leave. At another place it was reported that the doctor was paid by the Italian Gov­ ernment to administer poison to all Mohammedans and thus lessen the number of the enemies off Italy. Soon it became known that their real object was to proclaim the Gospel which most of them hated like poison. By night and often by day, sticks, dirt and de­ cayed fruit were thrown down upon the boat and all the shutters next the bank were kept closed lest the windows should be broken. While the colporteur with them was trying to sell books, a Mos­ lem glancing at one which happened to be controversial, shouted, “Make them leave the place. Cursed be the book and the writer of the book! Why have these men come here to stir up Mos­ lems?” One who seemed like a faithful inquirer was threatened with death if he did not stop coming to the missionaries. He stopped coming, for to be cast off as dead, disowned by one’s fam­ ily and friends, thrown out of employment, boycotted in business, and to suffer persecution and imprisonment are serious conditions to face. Yet in spite of all opposition, there are constant opportunities of meeting the people and talking about spiritual things. 'Now preaching to those who come to the clinic, an earnest talk with an inquirer, then a discussion with a few Mohammedans in a room crowded with hearers, often invited or permitted to preach in the 62 Egypt—Evangelistic Work.

Coptic churches or in their homes, again receiving callers and guiding the conversation to spiritual things, here distributing a hundred tracts or more, many of which will be read by more than one—these are features of a day’s work. The medical aid given by the doctors is sure to win the hearts of many. Truly the op­ portunities are countless! Then there is the deep realization of the terrible need (ninety-eight per cent, of the people Moslems and perhaps the other two per cent. Christians only in name). How overwhelming is the task before u s! It brings us to our knees to plead with the Lord of the Harvest to send forth laborers into His harvest field. CAIRO. The most southern district of the Delta Presbytery is Cairo, the capital of Egypt and the seat of the Azhar, the great Moham­ medan University. Students from all parts of the Mohammedan world are collected there. Drs. Watson, Giffen, and Hunt and Messrs. McClanahan and Roy are the ordained missionaries lo­ cated there. The first four give part of their time to the Theo­ logical Seminary. The students give efficient aid to the mission­ aries so that religious services were conducted every Lord’s day in Ezbakiyah, Fagalla, Kulalie, the Orphanage and Girls’ College with meetings for prayer and the study of the Word during the week. Besides these, services are held by the pastor in Haret cs Sakkain. In most of the above named places the congregations have been larger than usual and frequently it has been beyond the capacity of the buildings to hold all who wished to attend. There has been evidently a strong desire to hear the Word of God. A special series of evangelistic meetings held in Ezbakiyah were largely attended and the deepest interest shown. The attendance and interest kept increasing throughout the week. There was also evidence of conviction among those attending. There were eighteen additions to the church in Ezbakiyah during the year on profession and the contributions amounted to $1,099. There, also, Dr. Watson baptized five Mohammedans. Some of them have had to suffer for their religion and some of them have seemed to waver at times, but none of them has gone back. The difficulty oi finding employment is a very serious one for these converts since most of the business of this country is in the hands of Mohammedans who naturally boycott those who have become Christians. Mr. Mikhael Mansour still continues his work among Moham­ medans. The meetings, two a week, one in Ezbakiyah and the other in Kulalie church have been continued as heretofore. The attendance of Moslems has been somewhat less during the latter portion of the year, due apparently to the excitement over the Turkish-Italian war. The attendance and interest of Christians, on the other hand, has increased, particularly in Kulalie. In his Egypt—Evangelistic Work. 63

personal dealings with Moslems which is perhaps the chief part of his work, the war seems to have been no obstacle whatever. He. has found them more ready than ever to converse, to receive his message courteously and to consider it. Hie has had the oppor­ tunity of talking freely with many individuals of rank and influ­ ence. In one interesting case, a man whom he had never met be­ fore said that he had heard him tell the story of his conversion several years ago, and ever since that had believed in his sincerity- No one knows on how many souls the miracle of that conversion has taken hold and will yet bring forth results. While it is known that some during the year have been brought to the point of con­ viction through his wrork either directly or indirectly, the larger result is still to be seen in the gradual though rapid ripening of the field. He finds now almost no one who will refuse to listen to - his message. Another important result of the work is the effect on the Christian community. At first, Christians attended the meetings for Moslems chiefly from curiosity and the desire to hear Moslem teaching overthrown. Now a large number show genuine inter­ est in the work, frequently bringing Mohammedan acquaintances, to the meeting, or arranging for Mr. Mikhael to meet and con­ verse with them. This has been to him the most encouraging fea­ ture of the work the past year. He feels that he is not working single-handed any longer. One of the pastors from Upper Egypt who was somewhat critical and dubious about his work, visited him for a few days and went back home very enthusiastic over what he had seen and heard. Mr. Mikhael has also been giving a series of lectures to the theological students on vital points connected with the founding, dissemination, and character of Mohammedanism. The students have manifested great interest in these lectures, tak­ ing full notes and asking many questions. The burden of Islam seems to be on their hearts more fully than on any previous body of students in our seminary.

THE PRESBYTERY OF MIDDLE EGYPT.

To the south of Cairo lies the Presbytery of Middle Egypt,, containing the provinces of Beni Suef, Faiyum and Minieh. Messrs. Reed and Adams are the ordained missionaries in this dis­ trict. The former however spent most of the year in itinerating work on the Ibis in other parts of Egypt. The evangelistic spirit in this presbytery is in many respects most encouraging. Not only is the ordinary every-day work of the congregation pushed for­ ward with energy but many o-f the workers welcome new methods and eagerly seek suggestions to help in reaching the multitudes. Quite a number of the churches have held special meetings which have been a spiritual uplift to the members and to others also. The Faiyum pastor said that the attendance at these meet­ 64 Egypt—Evangelistic Work.

ings was beyond his highest expectation. Many who had never before entered a Protestant church or heard an evangelical ser­ mon, were present. Also a few Mohammedan men and women attended. One of them said, “There is nothing better than these meetings. What is better than their religion and their prayers? I was much impressed by the service.” In Beni Suef, the church proved entirely too small for the crowds that collected and a large tent was erected beside it. The number kept increasing, and on Saturday night the climax was reached with an attendance of between four and five hundred. On this occasion, the sermon was preached by Mr. Mikhael Mansour, who spoke on the deity of Christ as established not only by the testimony of the Bible but by that of the Koran as well. Two of our pastors exchanged pulpits for a week, holding special meetings as a means of quick­ ening the spiritual life of their churches. A new feature of these special services in Minieh and the Faiyum was meetings for women held in the daytime. The wo­ men took a deep interest in both the day and night meetings. During the services held at different times in Minieh special meetings were held for boys and girls. One of the pastors was deeply impressed by seeing his church filled to overflowing with young people, many of whom were Mohammedans, all worshiping together. Months later, in the meeting of presbytery he said that it brought before his mind a vision of the future when the sons of Ishmael would worship with the sons of Isaac. (It will be re­ membered that the Mohammedans trace their origin to Ishmael). It was with fear and trembling that he planned for the meeting, but it brought great joy to his heart. Would that all our fellow Christians in Egypt might get such a vision, helping to remove doubt, strengthen faith and hasten forward the day when it may be truly said, “ Blessed be Egypt my people.” The other pastor in Minieh has been greatly encouraged by the committee appointed in his congregation for work among Mohammedans. At first, no one wanted to be on that committee; but they were encouraged to meet together for prayer, and, as a result, their faith is increasing and they are beginning to work also. Two incidents of peculiar interest occurred at Beni Suef during the year. The first of these was the perversion to Islam of a rich member of the Coptic community in Beni Suef, a man who at one time occupied a prominent place in the Protestant church here. This affair was made the occasion of general rejoicing by the Moslems of the city. It took place during the month of Ra­ madan, the great annual fast, when religious feeling is high. The new convert to Islam received no little attention even from those very high in authority in the Government, and was granted a per­ sonal guard of soldiers to assure his safety. The Christian com­ munity was, of course, depressed by the affair and feared that the Egypt—Evangelistic Work. 65 church would suffer from the evil effects of it. But the opposite happened. Attendance at all the religious meetings greatly in­ creased, and most gratifying interest and spiritual feeling were manifested. It seemed for a time that an awakening of more than passing interest was imminent in the community. The other incident occurred about the same time. A Moslem sheikh, who had been baptized some months before in Cairo was brought to Beni Suef to serve as Arabic teacher to some of the missionaries and in the schools. His coming, following as it did close upon the heels of the incident related above, was interpreted by the Moslems generally as a move on the part of the Christians to offset their recent defeat by parading one of their converts from Islam. Opposition was aroused. One day, a week or more after his arrival, the sheikh told a strange story of the midnight visit of a company of his former co-religionists, who took him on a round of visits to officials and prominent men who united in alter­ nately threatening him if he did not return to his old religion, and holding out inducements to him if he did. This performance was repeated on one or two subsequent occasions. He must either recant or leave the town. In the event of his doing neither, he must be prepared to take the consequences. On the advice of mis­ sionaries he remained and continued his work. But for two weeks he lived in the mission house and did not leave the house without an escort. At the end of that time he desired earnestly to be sent away from the city, especially since he had been only recently ad­ vised by a friend, whom he trusted, of further threats against him, and likewise had received a threatening letter. Accordingly he was dismissed to another city. The part which the missionaries were called upon to take in these two afiairs, brought an unusu­ al number of visitors to the mission house and various opportuni­ ties of not only preaching but of illustrating as well Christian principles and teaching were given. THE PRESBYTERY OF ASSIUT. This is by far the largest presbytery in point of membership and financial strength. It contains twenty-six pastorates and 5,869 members, or more than half of the entire membership of the Church in Egypt. There has been a deep reviving of the spiritual life of the women in Assiut congregation which is having its in­ fluence on the church work there. The reports from different parts of this presbytery indicate that the work is moving on much as usual. In some places street meetings conducted by church members are reaching many with the Gospel message. A few refer to the coldness and the worldly life of some of the church members as hindering the advance of the Gospel. Somehow one feels that there is a lack of the enthusiastic, aggressive faith that insures victory. Some of these pastors are on many important committees which take much time and energy. However, the in­

5 66 Egypt—Evangelistic Work. crease in the spirit of giving is a very encouraging sign of spir­ itual life. Some have begun to hold special meetings in their churches. The responsibility of bringing the Gospel to the hearts of the Mohammedans is taking a deeper hold on the leaders. Mr. Musa Ibrahim, a Moslem convert, who graduated irom Xenia Theological Seminary and labored for so many years as a preacher in Egypt, died during the early part of the year. For the last few years he has been a 'faithful worker among the sick in Assiut Hospital. Hie was greatly beloved by all. A few years ago one wrote of him, “ It is simply wonderful to find this man so universally respected by the Mohammedans, although they know he was brought up in their faith.” Special mention should be here made of the moral and spir­ itual work in Assiut College. Its importance is realized when one considers that almost all the evangelistic workers in Egypt come from this institution. There the Bible is faithfully taught day after day and the youth from all parts of Egypt are trained for a life of active service for the Master. Many obtain experience in preaching not only in the College prayer-meeting but also in the sixteen neighboring towns and villages visited each Sabbath. The year marked one of the most deeply spiritual movements in the history of the institution. Special evangelistic meetings were held in the early part of the year by native workers assisted by English and American missionaries. Much time was given to prayer. Many confessed with tears their sins and sought forgiveness and peace. Little groups engaged in prayer might have been seen on the campus or other places at almost any hour of the day, and often late at night their voices could be heard in prayer. At the following communion service ninety united with the church, mak­ ing a total of one hundred and fifteen during the year. This in­ cludes those from the Pressly- Memorial Institute, which institution was also richly blessed.

THE PRESBYTERY OF THEBES. The Presbytery of Thebes lies along the Nile between Assiut Province and the First Cataract, but at present its territory ex­ tends indefinitely up the Nile toward the Equator. Here the workers are often far separated, and some immense districts are left without a worker. Many of the workers report everything about as usual, no special difficulties and no encouragements— neither cold nor hot. One or two report the work as dead on account of the coldness of Christians. Several refer to the grow­ ing spiritual life of the church members. It was the privilege of the writer to visit this presbytery on the Ibis during the latter part of the year, beginning with Assuan. He was deeply impressed by the work done by lonely, scattered church members. Here and there a Christian station-master con­ ducting nightly meetings for the people; again a merchant taking Egypt—Evangelistic Work. 67 full charge of the work; another going from town to town preach­ ing; or a lonely school teacher doing what he can to satisfy the spiritual needs of the people after a long, hard day’s work in school. Need we wonder that these isolated workers sometimes become discouraged? As in one of the congregations a leading worker, a woman, said, “ We are sleeping and we must be waked” ; and she pleaded for more missionaries, as did also her pastor. The lack of greater encouragement and more aggressive work in the two southern presbyteries is doubtless due to the fact that the Mission through scarcity of laborers has been unable to provide fully equipped missionaries for the spiritual leadership of the Church in these places. The writer was also profoundly impressed with the great need for more Egyptian workers. Day after day for nearly two weeks, towns were visited and not a preacher of the Gospel met. The people pleaded for preachers, they sometimes almost threat­ ened to give up entirely if something was not done to satisfy their need; sometimes they almost kept the missionary from visiting other needy places; and sometimes they complained bitterly against the presbytery and the Church, for they could not under­ stand why God’s messengers and God’s message were kept from them. The call, the heart-rending call for laborers, the call of lonely brethren, the silent yet piercing cry of the need of thou­ sands of souls fast approaching the judgment seat, is still ringing in my ears. Meetings were held in almost if not all the Protestant churches, some Coptic and some Plymouthite churches, in schools, in Christian homes, in store or work-shop, in a mill which was closed on the Lord’s day, and on the street. Twice special meet­ ings were held in the Ibis with about ninety present, most of whom were Mohammedans. The attendance varied from about forty to six or seven hundred. One of the most encouraging fea­ tures of the work was the presence of many Mohammedans. Often twenty, forty, even seventy or more Mohammedans be­ sides a large number of Copts came to the meetings. Once sev­ enty out of seventy-five were Mohammedans. There wTas no place where the invitation was publicly given and verses of Scrip­ ture distributed, but what some Moslems came to hear. Once two Mohammedans, one wearing the green turban (a sign of special rank) guided the missionary through the town inviting every­ body. Once in a small audience, a Moslem explained the talk more fully to those present, and he was not slow to understand the Gospel message. They generally gave close attention even though sometimes, when a leader rose to leave, others thought they must follow. After being present at a preaching and com­ munion service, three out of five who sat around the dinner table were Mohammedans. One said to the host, “ I am going to eat with this man whether you allow me or not.” Another, a sheikh, 68 Egypt—Evangelistic Work. rode to a neighboring village to hear a second Gospel message. At another place a Christian telephoned to the Moslem postmaster to be sure and attend the meeting. The postmaster invited the missionary to his home, and helped provide chairs for the meet­ ing in the open space on the street just beside the post-office. The brother of a village mayor was much surprised at hearing part of the sermon on the mount and kept repeating the question, “ Are those the words of Jesus?” Sometimes they came to laugh, mock, or disturb the meeting, but generally became interested and remained to pray. They were generally very quiet and reverent during prayer. Their presence left a profound impression on the Christians, causing them to realize in some measure and perhaps as no talk would the mighty responsibility resting upon them to bring the Gospel to their Mohammedan neighbors. In talking about the work among Mohammedans, two Egypt­ ian workers said, “ We need great faith, great boldness, and the fulness of the Hloly Spirit for that work.” As we study the his­ tory of the past year do we not realize that after all the greatest need of the Church in Egypt is Spirit-filled men and women? This alone will bring the life, the courage, and the power which will be the means of winning Egypt for Christ. Shall we not then unite in prayer for this greatest of all blessings for the Church in Egypt? Egypt—Sabbath Schools. 69

SABBATH SCHOOLS

BY THE REV. S. G. HART.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of schools ...... 202 Number of teachers and officers, Men ...... Women ...... 535 Average attendance, Men ...... 4855 Women ...... 3196 Boys 5666 Girls 3089 16,806 Total attendance, officers, pupils and teachers.... I7,34i Total contributions of Sabbath schools ...... $2,952.00 Sabbath school illustrated cards, weekly ...... 3,000 Sabbath school lesson leaflets used weekly ...... 11,70 0 Sabbath school papers, Negm el Meshrik, weekly ...... 1,500 Cost of leaflet paid from Sabbath school contributions $720.00

A. new departure in our Sabbath School Work this year, and one which has proven very beneficial, was the holding of insti­ tutes in two of the presbyteries of Egypt, those of the Delta and of Middle Egypt. The former was held at Cairo in November, and was in session two days. There was a rally of the Sabbath schools of the city, and there were present from the six schools 500 pupils, as many as the church could hold. Later a rally was held in the Girls’ College, where 250 other pupils gathered. AJt this institute there were sixty-five delegates present, from twenty towns and thirty-two schools. As the various topics of the program were treated and dis­ cussed, many of the delegates were surprised, not to say aston­ ished, at the possibilities of Sabbath school work. We from America had heard such thoughts uttered many times before, but to many of the delegates they were new. Many received new im­ pressions as to the aims and purposes of the work and as to the methods by which these purposes may be accomplished. One teacher said afterward that he had attended Sabbath schools a long time and had taught several years, but had never realized the pur­ pose of the school. He had thought a knowledge of the Bible a good thing, as the knowledge of arithmetic and history is a good thing, but had not thought of the Sabbath school as a place where souls might be converted to God. Now his teaching is quite dif­ ferent. Since the institute was held forward steps have been taken m the line of teachers’ meetings and in other ways. 70 Egypt—Sabbath Schools.

The institute of the Presbytery of Middle Egypt was held at Minieh. It, too, was a revelation to many, and became a source of inspiration to pastors as well as teachers. One feature of this institute was a rally of the pupils of the various day schools. It is a large city, with many schools, Mohammedan, Coptic and others. As personal invitations were sent to the larger pupils of these schools, they were delighted and came in large numbers. The spacious church was crowded with boys and girls, both Chris­ tian and Moslem. The order was good and they all listened atten­ tively to the address delivered by Prof. McClenahan. The pastor of the church wrote to Mr. Reed that it was impossible to express his joy over this special meeting, where boys and girls of different religious beliefs met together in a Protestant church, sang, prayed, and listened to a helpful discourse. In the preparation of this report, letters were sent, by the writer, to about forty out of the total number of schools, and from the answers to these inquiries the following interesting facts have been gleaned which are fairly typical of all the Sabbath schools: This year we find 40 schools, 370 children not in the day schools. There were in these schools 17 1 men and 173 women not members of the church. Of the pupils of these schools, 1,062 attend the preaching services, and from them 61 pupils united with the church during the year. Of these 36 were from the Pressly Memorial Institute, Assiut; 5 from the Girls’ Boarding School, Luxor; 5 from the Girls’ College, Cairo, and 4 from the Ezbaki- vah Girls’ School, Cairo. There were also 79 boys and young men from the Assiut Training College. These figures go to show that the best results, as to ingathering, are found in the boarding schools. In the past the Sabbath school teaching staff was composed almost exclusively of the teachers of the day schools, but we find that in the schools referred to above there are 62 teachers who are not in the day schools. It is encouraging to find so large a num­ ber of teachers, not connected with any day school work, who are able and willing to engage in Sabbath school work. In Assuan, where we have no day school there is a class of 20 boys taught by a rich Sudanese, who is a deacon in the church. The means used to attract the pupils to these schools were various. The giving of picture cards and books for faithful attend­ ance, as in one school a book was given to those who attended thirty Sabbaths in the year; visiting the absent pupils; or, as one pastor mentioned, making the school very interesting. For this purpose several mentioned that teachers’ meetings had been tried with good results. We are very much pleased with the number who mentioned teachers’ meetings. One pastor mentioned prayer as a means, and we have reason to believe that he has a good school. It is a means we all can use. Egypt—Sabbath Schools. 71

RESULTS OF SABBATH SCHOOL WORK IN THE COMMUNITY. The results of the work of the schools are not limited to the schools themselves. One pastor said his school was the means* of opening other schools in other villages. Another remarked that it led to increased Bible study among the older people; another, that the older children and men and women were more willing to take up Christian work. In one place it has led to better Sabbath ob­ servance, especially as to worldly conversation on that day. The Sabbath school paper and lesson leaves enter many homes and are read by many who are not in the school; and they cannot but have their effect. Thus the light is brought into darkened homes as well as into darkened lives, and prejudice is broken down as we may see later. The beneficial results of using the Sabbath school literature are seen from the reports that have come in. Those in use are the picture card, the lesson papers and the Negm el-Meshrik. The first of these draws the smaller pupils especially. The lesson pa­ pers are not only a great assistance to pupils in preparing the les­ sons, but they go into homes and into hands of persons who never enter the Sabbath school or church. In Alexandria a man was seen reading one as he was on his way to his work. We know of instances in which these papers are kept on file for the whole year and are thus saved for future reference. An interesting in­ stance is that of a young man who teaches in the Nasriya govern­ ment school in Cairo. He teaches the Bible to pupils in two differ­ ent classes in that school, and to a class of teachers and of those who are to become teachers. These are outside the boundaries of our church. This young man was careful to save the papers, but had lost the number for the 29th of January and the 31st of De­ cember, so he wrote to Miss Thompson to enquire if she could get the missing numbers. The Negm el-Meshrik also has its place in the schools. This is especially interesting to the larger pupils. Some English papers are used also, and as the Cairo Girls’ College reports, quite a taste for Sabbath school literature is being formed. Who can measure the influence of these papers, especially when we consider the num­ ber of Mohammedan and Coptic homes they enter. An encouraging feature of the work is the establishment of normal classes and teachers’ meetings. These are reported from Alexandria Girls’ Central and Boys’ schools. Monsurah, Zakazik and others. It was especially gratifying to notice that some of our native pastors had these meetings and mentioned the good results. Those who attend the Sabbath schools are of many different nationalities and beliefs, and the results of very early training is seen; so that it is quite evident that we, through the schools and by every means, should reach the children as soon as possible: A little Syrian girl was attending the Sabbath school in Alex­ andria, and as she could read, she was given a Gospel of John. 72 Egypt—Sabbath Schools.

This was soon exchanged for Matthew, this again for a New Tes­ tament, and later for a whole Bible. She said one day, “ I do so love to come on Sabbath. That lesson last Sabbath was just splen­ did.” “ Had you never heard of Jonah before?” the teacher asked. She said, “ Never.” She came shortly after, asking big, deep ques­ tions about Protestant beliefs. These were explained to her and she assented to all of them but was afraid to become a Protestant lest she go to Hell. She seems to grasp now what a personal thing salvation is. The girl is a Catholic, which explains her fears. When urged to attend church, it was found that many of them were willing to do so, but forbidden. So the Sabbath school is the only way to touch their lives. Another pupil is a young Moslem woman, or girl in age, who was married when she was eleven years old. She told how her husband used to whip her when she left her cooking and ran away to play, but she says that she is happy now since she has learned to know Christ. There are many different religions represented in many of the schools; but perhaps the greatest jumble is in the class composed of the kindergarten children in Alexandria. Here there are rich Moslems and poor Moslems, both Turkish and Egyptian; con­ verted and Orthodox Jew s; Catholics, Roman and Greek; Protest­ ants, Syrians, Egyptians, Armenian and English. They are all here together studying the Word, and gaining a fuller knowledge of the Savior. The Adversary could not let the year pass without hindering the work to some extent. At one time there was a small uprising against foreigners in Alexandria, and as a result the attendance diminished for a time; but we are glad to say that most, if not all, came back. The following from Miss Mitchell of the K afr Ashari school in Alexandria tells how some must suffer: “A Mohammedan girl (formerly of this school) who had been sent to a school in Cairo last year, was captured by a bigoted uncle when she returned to her brother’s for the summer. For seven months we could hear nothing of her, and then to my delight she came into school one day. I managed to have a little talk with her. The next Sabbath, true to a promise she had made, she was at Sabbath school, but with her face still marked by the beating her uncle had given her for coming on Monday. She had fled from her uncle’s home to her mother’s, but we dared not visit her as we had planned lest more wrath should come down upon her head from her brothers. She has not b^en back, and one shud­ ders to think of the price she may have had to pay for that one lesson, though the bright eyes told plainly how glad she was to hear even once more. We are eager to have many women and older girls attend the weekly services, but as yet none of them venture to do so, and our constant hope lies in ceaseless effort for the children.” Egypt—Young People’s Societies. 73

In closing let us glance at the largest of our Sabbath schools, namely, the one in connection with our College at Assiut, which has continued to be a very definite and serious part of the opera­ tions of the life of the teachers and students. It is required of all students to attend; and, with the exception of the two sheikhs on the teaching staff, all teachers, native and American, are ex­ pected to and do, take their part in the conduct of this part of the life of the institution. The regular international Sabbath school lessons are followed, in class work and reviews. Students are taught and encouraged to contribute regularly and systematically to the work of the evangelization of their own land and the Sudan, by their gifts in the Sabbath school classes. The students of the College gave liberally in the Sabbath school classes during the year for this work of evangelization, as did also the student body of the Pressly Memorial Institute. For the improvement of the Sabbath school, it is proposed to divide the school into two parts, one at the new buildings, and the other at the old buildings, with some 200 students in the former under the care of Professor Bell, and some 500 in the old buildings, superintended by Professor McClenahan. This will give the added advantage of having the students residing in town attend, and per­ mitting the Sabbath school to be conducted with much economy of strength and time and with more success. YOUNG PEOPLE’S SOCIETIES Number of societies from which reports were received ...... 32 Members reported by these societies (not including college at Assiut) ...... p...... 1612 Attendance of non-members (13 societies reporting) ...... 188 While the above figures are encouraging they are not by any means full, as we have personal knowledge of societies from which we have not received statistics. As we said above, the so­ ciety of the College has not yet given its figures, and the societies of the Second Church Minieh and of the Faiyum, two of the strongest societies, did not send their statistics, although we have an account of their work. O f the societies reporting, the lowest membership is 12 and the highest is 200, the average being over 50. Thirteen of these report an attendance of non-members of 188, making an average of 16. While some of the Christian Endeavor societies have been established for years, most of them are of recent growth. The first society was organized for the Juniors in the Ezbakiyah Boarding School in i8ai. The next in order of time was the one now held on Sabbath afternoon in Cairo, which was begun as a Bible class in 1892, and was organized as a Christian Endeavor Society in 1894. Other societies were formed later, but the greatest growth has been in the more recent years. A!s we read over the reports which came in from the different 74 Egypt—Young People’s Societies.

places we were pleased with what the societies are doing for the congregations with which they are connected. Several report that the church attendance has been increased through the work of the society; others that brotherly love has increased; new faces appear, and some are induced to unite with the church as a result of the work of the society; wandering members have been reclaimed. Others report a general revival among the members of the church, especially in the matter of prayer. One pastor reports that the society teaches the younger members of the church to take their part in the general work of the church; another says that a spirit of unity has been fostered among the members of the congrega­ tion ; still another reports that the society has been instrumental in procuring a work of grace in the hearts of the people. Such results are not new to us who have been acquainted with the working of the society in America, but we are glad to notice that the results are the same here as there. Nor are the beneficial results of the work of the societies confined to the congregations of which they form a part, but perhaps the greatest results are on the surrounding community. Almost all the societies report evangel­ istic work done in the town or in neighboring communities. Some societies report as high as thirteen meetings held in the streets or houses of the town. Others report one or more meetings held statedly in the surrounding villages. One place reports that they bought land and erected a house for school and evangelistic pur­ poses, in which a meeting is held every evening. Others undertake the systematic helping of the poor, and one has a committee for comforting the sorrowing in the day of their trouble. Several con­ tribute to the support of orphans; others provide scholarships, and otherwise help pobr students; two societies help to keep up public reading rooms in their cities. A list of the committees in one of the societies will give an idea of the range of the work of that society. First, an Evangel­ istic Committee, which pays the salary of a special preacher and manages two boys’ schools; second, a committee for helping the poor; third, a committee for work among the Moslems; fourth, a Temperance Committee; fifth, the Lookout; sixth, the Prayer Committee; seventh, a committee to influence usurers from taking such high interest; eighth, a committee for managing a public li­ brary; and ninth, the Executive Committee. A pastor who was appointed to visit the different societies of his presbytery states that the churches which do the most evangelistic work, both gen­ eral and personal are those that have the strongest Christian En­ deavor societies. YOUNG MEN’S ASSOCIATION. Mention should be made of the special effort which our Mis­ sion is making in behalf of the young men of the city of Tanta. In the desire that there should be one place to which all young men might freely go, and in which they would be surrounded by Egypt—Young People’s Societies. 75

uplifting influences, several rooms were secured in a central loca­ tion and opened under the name of “ The Young Men’s Associa­ tion.” Were you to visit this gathering place, you would find a library with an inadequate supply of books, a game room, and an auditorium, used for lectures and entertainments. There is held each week, the Bible class which began the year with but two or three members, and closed the year with about fifteen in attend­ ance. The rooms are well patronized, and it is with hope that we go forward, our faith set on Him who is the Friend of all young men and who also desires to be the Savior of alf young men. ASSIUT COLLEGE CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. In closing the report of the Young People’s societies, we want to speak of the Christian Association in Assiut College, whose past year has been one of great encouragement. The large degree of spiritual revival which in God’s providence came to the College in the spring of 19 11, received its largest help, humanly speaking, from the real, active, earnest preparation and work of the student body through this organization. The various com­ mittees worked zealously for the spiritual interests of their fel­ low students, both before the series of evangelistic meetings, and for many weeks after the formal meetings had closed. The com­ mittee on personal work among the students reported in the spring 79 students prepared to present themselves for admission to the church. The Volunteer Committee added 63 new names to the list of volunteers for the work of Christian teaching and preaching, making a total of ninety. Throughout the college year, some 20 villages have been regularly evangelized by students sent out by the committee on village preaching, who have gone out two and two each Sabbath, and held preaching service wherever there was opportunity,—in the schools, churches, homes, and even in Coptic churches in sev­ eral cases. This evangelistic work is accomplishing much in two ways, it is bringing the Gospel to many who otherwise would not hear it, and it is preparing these many young men of the Student Christian Association to do the work of evangelists in their after lives and giving them much valuable experience. Perhaps one of the most valuable of the activities of the stu­ dents through this organization has been their daily and regular conduct of gatherings for prayer and Scripture reading in the dormitories before breakfast. Large inspiration was given to the work of the organization last spring through the visit of Dr. John R. Mott, and the subse­ quent sending of two representatives to the Constantinople Chris­ tian Students’ Conference, Professor Bell and Saad Effendi Abd El Masih. This was the first time the students had participated in one of these large, students’, inspirational conferences by sending one of their own native members, and providing the expense themselves. It was a matter of great interest to them, and uplift to the Association. 76 Egypt—Harem Work.

HAREM WORK

BY MISS L. J. MCDOWELL.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY. Bible pupils in homes ...... 4188 Religions represented: Protestants ...... 1319 Copts ...... 2407 Mohammedans ...... 291 Jewesses and others...... 171 4188 Irregular listeners, weekly, about ...... 2792 Total women reached in homes ...... 6980 Number of native workers in homes—Men ...... 2 Women ...... 35 37 Special meetings for women : Attendance—Women ...... 3282 Girls ...... 2811 6°93 Missionary Societies : Number of societies ...... 38 Attendance—Women ...... 1027 Girls ...... 1277 2304 Membership in churches, women ...... 5553 Attendance Sabbath morning services : Women ...... 6474 Girls ...... 2478 8952 Number of women and girls in Egypt under the influence of the Gospel, about ...... 15000

“L if t up thine eyes round about and see. All they gather themselves together, they come to thee: thy sons shall come from far and thy daughters shall be nursed at thy side. Then shalt thou see, and flow together, and thine heart shall fear and be enlarged because the abundance of the sea shall be converted unto thee.” Isaiah 60: 4-5. Slowly but surely are the daughters of Egypt being gathered into the Kingdom and to the side of the Master. Truly our hearts are enlarged when we think of the many women who have either heard the Word read to them or who have been reading it for themselves. During the past year, many have heard it for the first time. The seed has been sown in the hearts not only of the Protestant, Coptic and other so-called Christian women but also in the hearts of Moslems and Jewesses; and we have the promises of God’s blessing upon it. Encouraging echoes are constantly being heard from the Zeitun Conference for Women Workers held in April; as also Egypt—Harem Work. 77 from the Conference for Bible Women held in Assiut in Decem­ ber. The latter is worthy of particular mention. It was the first conference of the kind yet held. The need for some such special help for our Bible women had long been felt, as many of them are but poorly equipped for their work and are called on to encounter many difficulties. After much prayer and careful planning, these workers gathered in Assiut during the closing days of the year, the Women’s Board kindly bearing the expenses of the confer­ ence. Normal classes were conducted by Mrs. S. G. Hart and Mrs. A. W. Pollock. The Revs. W. H. Reed and Wasif Philibbus and Mr. Abdullah Ibrahim, a student from the Theological Semi­ nary, each gave three addresses. Addresses were also given by Mrs. Anisa Maawad of Assiut and Mrs. Requia Rhayatt of Cairo, and a conference conducted by Miss McDowell. Love for the Lord, surrender to Him and service through the power of the Holy Spirit were the dominant thoughts throughout. From the beginning the Lord’s presence and power were manifest in a marked degree. Deep searching of heart, confes­ sion, supplication, surrender, a new love, a new vision, victory and praise became the prevailing notes. It was such an experience of the outpouring of God’s Spirit as few, if any, present had ever before experienced. All who attended the Zeitun conference, too, must surely carry in their hearts tender memories of the soul-uplifting addresses, of the hours when one and all turned aside from the world and communed with the Heavenly Father. Was it not a time for rejoicing when the hearts of all from the richest to the poorest united together in one common cause, and that to gather in the wandering sheep? When the strongest and weakest wept to­ gether over neglected opportunities in the past and resolved to do better in the future ? We cannot but feel that all came away from that mount of privilege with a spiritual uplift and with the bur­ den of their Moslem sisters on their hearts. Does it not mean that the day-dawn has more than begun when we see the daughters of the wealthy turning aside from the glitter with which the world entices, take up the sickle and go forth to the harvest, down into the huts to teach the people there of the riches of HHs grace? Again the future promises much when we find those, who, hitherto, have allowed custom and pride to keep them back from entering the Master’s service, com­ ing out boldly, overcoming all prejudices, and giving themselves to labor for the upbuilding of His kingdom. The prayers for the breaking down of the barriers are being answered, and we must needs answer this question: Are we equipped and ready to meet the situation? We closed the year in Alexandria with only two Bible women in all that large city, and the greater part of the time, there was no missionary free to superintend even the work of these two. 78 Egypt—Harem Work.

Miss Cabeen tells of the work in the Karmous District as fol­ lows :—Much to our regret, the Bible woman in the Bab-es-Sidra quarter went to her home in Syria because of failing health, and no one could be found to take her place. Some time after that, we opened meetings for women in the Karmous school. Miss Zakee- yah, the teacher, was not able to go to their homes, but a number of the women could come to these meetings and were very glad to do so. There is one Protestant woman, who is not only faith­ ful in attending herself at these weekly meetings, but always brings a number of her neighbors with her, either Coptic or Mo­ hammedan women. One earnest old lady said she was going to bring a new one with her each time and thus far she has been doing so. The older girls always want to be present and often many of the smaller ones come too. Not long since a dear little Mohammedan girl asked permission to go home early for her dinner in order that she might get back in time for the afternoon meeting. These women are eager for the Word and listen very attentively as we read, talk and pray with them. Only one or two of those who attend can read, and many of the others long to be able to do so, that they may read the Word for themselves. Another center has been opened in the city among the mud huts of Azareeta; and we rejoice that so soon women are coming from these to the Mission on Sabbath morning seeking for the truth. Miss Mitchell goes to them as often as she can. She brings before us the vastness ol* the work in these words:—Truly this is a great city with a wonderful past. As one sees its miles and miles of roofs to-day, there comes an overwhelming sense of work undone and souls unsaved. “ Come to us” greets us con­ stantly in school, church and street, and urges us to a wider work in the homes. We are glad to hear it, but very, very often it is impossible to go. However, there have been many precious hours of visiting this year. Many of mine were spent with one of the teachers in a little Moslem sewing school in Azareeta. This open­ ing was the fruit of past sowing; for the Coptic teacher was vis­ ited by a Bible woman in Karmous years ago. There we sat in a tiny room or open court with ten or twenty women and girls and lots of children on the ground and others peeping over the roof, and taught them the very first Bible verses they had ever heard. Most of them did not know even the common names of Christ, nor of the prophets. Our first song was the 51st Psalm, and when I said one day, “You must have been singing this, for you know it better,” a neighbor replied, “ Indeed they sing it all the time.” They never tire of telling their favorite stories, the Rich Man and the Lost Coin. But it is sad to see how hard it is for the untrained minds of some of them to hold even a story. There are many of these villages along the coast and the canal, and in them all women and girls are living a weary, monot­ onous life. Last Sabbath a Moslem woman who dared not come Egypt—Harem Work. 79 to the school sent for me to visit her at a neighbor’s house. We went at once to an upper room, and as she asked them to close the door, I thought of another upper room where doors had been closed for fear of enemies. She and her daughter sat down close in front of the divan and four Coptic women gathered around. To my surprise, the mother asked for Psalm 51, and joined with us as we sang very softly. Miriam, her daughter, had taught her. Think of twelve-year-old Miriam, with only seven months’ schooling herself, teaching her mother to sing and pray, while the brothers were away! Could the women of the West have seen this woman’s face as she prayed desperately that God would open a way for them to Himself they would no longer leave unheeded the call of our Moslem sisters, “ Please come to us to-day.” Miss McMillan writes of Tanta:—The work of the year, while not being characterized by any thrilling experiences, yet has been one of faithful, earnest work on the part of the Bible women. At last we have one Bible woman for each large division of the city, which, while not ideal, yet more nearly meets the needs of the work than any previous arrangement. A spirit of readiness to listen has been manifested by most of the hearers, though in two instances the Bible woman was told that she might discon­ tinue her visits. This was the result of the Coptic priest forbid­ ding them to listen to the Protestant teaching. One of the women later, however, came and asked for another of the Bible women to go and read to them and instruct them again, which she did. One Mohammedan woman, whose son was a worthless fellow and in consequence a great grief to his mother, asked the Bible wo­ man to pray with her hands resting on his head that'he might become a dutiful son. She did s q and the woman was much grati­ fied. The same woman seems always very anxious to hear about Christ whenever the Bible woman visits her. Another of the Bible women found, upon going to the house of one of her regular hearers, a great mourning in progress. The professional mourners were present together with a great company of friends and all were doing justice to the occasion. The husband had been drowned while endeavoring to take a meritorious bath in the canal on the night of St. George of Dragon fame. The result being quite unexpected and considerably dis­ heartening, the mourning was being carried on with much vigor. But when the Bible woman appeared, some of the friends said, “We will listen to the words of the Hofy Book, for they are much better than the words these professional mourners are telling us.” So they became quiet and listened to the reading and explanation of the Word and to the prayer which followed, and asked the Bible woman to come again often. She did so as long as the mourning lasted, and always received a cordial welcome. Mrs. Thompson writes from Monsurah:—I thought I could not report much. There is so little that seems to be done in the midst of the great need. There are two or three men who take 8o Egypt—Harem Work.

a special interest in the work among the women. One taught his wife to read the Bible, learn all the Catechism and instructed her otherwise so that she has joined the church since the first of the year. But most of the men are indifferent. Formerly a Friday meeting was held in union with the larger girls, but a change has been made and the women meet alone in the church. Also a sec­ ond meeting was started in the homes of the pastor and elder, and another in the little section where most of the Protestants live. These were both conducted by the pastor. We hope to have some of our meetings led by the women the coming year. Four or five of them take part in the missionary meeting and they hope to have prayer-meetings to draw others to learn to pray. In regard to the work among Moslems Mrs. Thompson says:—We are not a church reaching many Moslems. Through the school girls, the missionary has come into close touch with some families, but they are not the kind that wish to come to the meetings or have the Word read. It has been a process of break­ ing down prejudice. In the work in a small village at the edge of the town I have come into contact with many. When I go to them they listen to what I say, and are getting to know me so that I can talk to them. Some come to the meeting when free, but all are poor and ignorant. A1 group seated in the sun as I passed some distance away saw me and one called, “ Come and teach us.” I went to them and talked to them a little of God’s love and how he had provided a Redeemer -for us. I was in a home yesterday where the boy, until this year, has been in our school, and others of the cousins go to a little meeting for boys there. This boy telling of how bad one cousin is, said, “ When I say, ‘Christ is God,’ he hits me.” I said, “You learned much of God in school; you can teach others.” “ Yes, I tell my father and mother.” One of the women said, “ We like your Gospel. We want to come to see you but perhaps you do not want to be troubled with aw'lad- el-Arab (children of Arabs).” We have not a hold yet on the people in the town itself, but God is opening the way in this village. The Bible woman seems to realize better that her work should reach out. I think the Zeitun Conference was a great help and lately the Assiut Conference, I feel, has opened her eyes to her responsibility as to what God has laid on her. Mrs. Hart sends the following from Zakazik:—We have four weekly meetings, one in the church, one in Kafr el-Hukama, one in Kafr Yusef Bey and one in Kafr Sayadeen. These meetings are conducted by the pastor, missionary or Bible woman. Five of the women help by praying or taking part. W e frequently have Moslems come in, but not many. The average attendance is forty- three women and forty-five girls. Twice as many women as men attend the Sabbath morning service. Our women are taking more interest in the Sabbath school this year than formerly and are also showing more interest in the missionary society. The self- satisfied, luke-warm condition is a cause for anxiety with us. Egypt—Harem Work. 81

Irregular attendance on the part of some, allowing trivial excuses to hinder them ■from church services, and the carrying on their work on the Sabbath Day are all hindrances to the progress of the work. Mrs. Work reports the work done among the women in Benha thus:—We have a monthly meeting here for women, with an average attendance of about sixteen. I have never counted the girls who attend with their mothers. Usually nearly half of them are Moslem women. Then we have a monthly meeting at Birket es-Saba with an average attendance of twenty-one women and girls. With the exception of six, all are Mohammedans, and they hear the Word with gladness. They are all very poor in both societies. Not the least interesting is the Bible work among the clinic patients. These, with rare exceptions, are Mohammedans. One man, who has been coming frequently asks for a Bible story as soon as he enters. The other day a teacher from a village was here and asked me if we read the Bible and prayed with the pa­ tients. I said, “ Yes.” He said, “ Some people from my village say they never knew anything about true religion until they came to the clinic and heard it there.* Miss Thompson gives us an encouraging report of the work in Cairo. She says:—The work has increased in efficiency the past year, but it could be greatly increased in quantity. There has been an average attendance of 270 women at church with 337 girls; and at the women’s prayer-meetings, 185 women and 616 girls. The new prayer-meeting of the year is in the Kulalie school and is led by the pastor. There have been about thirty women to come beside the school children. Our women and girls gave through their missionary societies and thankoffering over $700. Not many have united with the church,—only .four,—but others are now asking to be received. The number of Moslem women enrolled, one hundred and eighteen, has increased during last year by seventeen persons. Some have died during the year who gave evidence of some knowledge of Christ. We trust the Bible Women’s Conference held in Assiut will increase the desire of these workers for soul-winning. Our Bible woman, who is very efficient in her work, said that the days of the conference were the happiest of her life. Miss Paden, another superintendent of Bible work in Cairo, gives us her impressions on her return to the field from Amer­ ica:—To one just back from furlough the Harem Work looks bigger and more important than ever. Those wanting to learn to read, those willing and ready to listen to the Word read, seem a great multitude. The homes open for prayer-meetings are more than the times for meetings. By calling, the nominal Christians are brought to church services, and Moslems are ready to hear in their homes. From the third superintendent, Miss Kerr, we have the view 6 82 Egypt—Harem Work.

point of one who is just launching out into the work in these words:—To one just beginning, the needs seem so great, that one would stand appalled if it were not for the fact that this is the Lord’s work. Many homes are open and calling us to enter, while we are unable to go and teach them. We have been praying for open doors, and the Lord has opened far more doors than those at work can enter. May many more of our Egyptian women come to realize their opportunity and their responsibility for the salva­ tion of their sisters. Of the work in Haret-es-Sakkain, Miss Walker writes:—The house meetings are perhaps a trifle better attended than last year and more interest shown, but we cannot get the women out to the weekly prayer-meetings and they do not attend well on Sabbath. They make all sorts of excuses. We tried to have the school prayer-meeting in the morning and the women made cooking the excuse, and in the afternoon it was the men. Yet we have had some good meetings. One that is most encouraging is where a Mohammedan woman attends, who was in the Boarding School many years ago. She always seems interested and joins in the singing. When asked if she had a choice of Psalms she chose the eighth, and when the tune we use was started, to my surprise, she said, “ 'No, we sang another,” and started off on another familiar tune that I suppose she learned twenty-six or twenty-seven years ago. Surely His Word will not return to Him void. Mrs. Harvey does a great amount of visiting, and Mrs. Wat­ son as opportunity offers. Miss Ferrier, writing of the work in her care, regrets not hav­ ing been long enough in either the Faiyum or Beni Suef to gather the interesting incidents that she would have liked to give. Dur­ ing the evangelistic meetings in the Faiyum there were two special days set aside for the women. Of the meetings she says, “ We had nice meetings in the Faiyum this week and much interest was man­ ifested. I feel the meetings for the women were sort of an echo from Assiut.” The Harem Work has not yet been opened up in Beni Suef. Mrs. Bell writes from Assiut of her work in Walladiyah as follows:—This village has been visited in the past year more fre­ quently than ever before, but although we had encouraging atten­ tion yet there are few tangible results to report. There is not a woman in the village, to my knowledge, who can read and write. No one even wants to learn, for their household cares seem to take all their time and energy. We have found the Moslem women more willing to listen and more interested in our talk than the Coptic women. At one Coptic home from twelve to twenty Mos­ lem women gather to hear. One day I turned to a woman and said, “We want to visit you in your home.” She bade us welcome and took us along. From there we went to her neighbor’s, and from hers to the next until we had visited eight homes. We were cordially received in every one and invited to come again. One Egypt—Harem Work. »3 day we happened into a Moslem house of mourning where at least fifty women were crowded into two rooms. I went to the chief mourners, spoke a few words of sympathy and was about to leave, when several asked, “ Are you not going to speak some words of comfort to us?” We asked if they would keep quiet and they promised. We then talked to them and were about to leave when some one asked, “Are you not going to pray for us?” With feel­ ing of shame at needing to be asked we did so amidst a most rev­ erent silence. Why, there are hundreds of opportunities to preach Christ in that village every day! Mrs. Bell tells of a Coptic woman who said she did not know how to pray when asked to do so, and her little girl spoke up and said, “ Yes, you do, for I hear you pray.” Ignorance is seen on all sides and there is a willingness to hear. The fault is ours if they do not hear. Miss Whiteside is carrying on the meetings in Walladiyah on Sabbath with the help of a number of our native people during the absence of Miss Hogg. She tells us of the meetings in these words:—One meeting is held in a court roofed with cornstalks. Ainywhere from twenty to thirty-five or more women gather each Sabbath. The women are nearfy all Christians. At the same time another teacher, or one of the seniors of the Girls’ School conducts a meeting for Moslem women in a Mohammedan house near the church. From three to eight women and from fifteen to twenty-five boys and girls with them, gather there to hear the Bible stories. A blind Bible woman has a girl, also nearly blind, to lead her about from place to place. These go from house to house to gather women for the meetings. The women are very ignorant. Last May one of our own women who had lost two or three chil­ dren, had a dear little baby born to her. This fall he became sick and nothing could persuade her to have him treated by the doctor. “ Is not God the Ruler of the world? If He wants him to recover He can heal him.” The child died and a two weeks’ wailing, mourning and living in the dust followed. She came to church the next Sabbath and was touched by the sermon, after which she herself led in prayer. Last Sabbath a Moslem woman wandered into the church and apparently heard for the first time of Christ’s law of love to God and to one’s neighbor. She broke out, “ It is impossible. Each one loves himself but cannot love all others/’ She herself had had a bitter experience, having been turned out of house and home, and lost all that belonged to her. Mrs. McClenahan reports special work on the south side of Assiut. Since August the special meeting has been conducted by voluntary workers. She describes the work as follows:—We spend every Wednesday forenoon, first going to the regular morn­ ing prayer-meeting. This meeting has improved greatly of late. The women seem to realize their need much more than formerly and join in the sentence-prayer part of the service. From this meeting we go to a Mohammedan house where a portion of Scrip­ 84 Egypt—Harem Work. ture is read and explained, fallowed by prayer in which two of them join. There are always three women and two large girls at this meeting, and often three or four other Mohammedan women. They are all very earnest listeners, and we do hope they will be earnest believers. The husband of one of the women is often present and seems to be willing to hear. After this we go to a Coptic house where are gathered from twelve to fifteen women. We usually have two Mohammedan women present, one is always there. She has attended for over a year and while not a professed Christian, yet calls herself a believer in the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ and would confess if she were free to do so. All the women at this gathering are thoroughly in earnest. From thirty to forty women are thus reached every Wednesday forenoon in this section of the town, besides those to whom the regular Bible women go. Of Mrs. Belsam’s work I cannot speak too highly. She is a thoroughly consecrated woman who has had a rich ex­ perience spiritually and is tactful and sympathetic. She is especi­ ally gifted in dealing with Mohammedans. Pray that her efforts may be richly blessed. From Luxor Miss Buchanan writes:— I’ve had the Harem Work just since September and I liave found it so interesting. I have a prayer-meeting every Monday morning in the district worked by one Bible woman, and on Thursday afternoon in a district where another Bible woman has her special work. Once a month we have the Women’s Missionary Meeting, and once a month the 'Christian Endeavor for the women who still hold their membership in the society. Of course we hold our Christian Endeavor every week in the school, and school prayer-meeting every Wednesday when the women of the town often come; so we have some women who attend all five meetings during the week. Once or twice when it has been impossible for me to get out to the meeting Monday morning, I have sent word to one of my girls—married women—and asked them to conduct the meet­ ing, which they have done gladly. Mr. Reed stirred our town mightily, or rather the Spirit through him. The women came out in crowds and seemed won­ derfully impressed. He taught me this lesson, that we must preach the simple, straight Gospel to the women and let their old habits and prejudices take care of themselves. I do not have half as much time as I would like. I hardly know the district of our three Bible women, nor of our fourth woman who is working in Suhag now, to say nothing of the women she teaches; and I am neglecting my poor women at Zaneeyah too. As our report began so it ends, with the same crying need before us. More women missionaries are required if we are going to fully occupy the stations already opened. What a glorious work is awaiting laborers! What grand possibilities are ours! Who will come and help us ? , „ SCHOOL WORK IN ALKXANIÏRTA. Coriirr of Kimlvrnin-lcn in Ornimi Tcuchcrs' Trainino Clans in Central Oirh School. sc'h noi • 'o ri.» r nf C hapclJ^ llar.l-rl-Yaluul V f vii- f.’ /r/s- of ('mirai Xchnal. ohh.,. (;h.,N A- , Sr,„,oL Egypt—Educational Work. 85

EDUCATIONAL WORK

BY PROF. R. S. MCCLENAHANj A.M.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY. Number of schools—For Girls ...... 43 For Boys ...... 154 *97 Number of teachers (other than missionaries in charge). Women ...... 177 Men ...... 332 509 Number of pupils—Girls ...... 5364 Boys ...... n,992 17,356 Pupils paying tuition ...... 14,246 no tuition ...... 3110 17,356 Number of schools directly under care of missionaries— For Girls ...... 9 For Boys ...... 19 28 Grade of schools— 1 Theological Seminary (17 students) Cairo. 1 College for Boys and Young Men, Assiu'c; (783 boarders, 132 day pupils; total, 915). 1 High School for Boys, Cairo; (406 day pupils). 1 College for Girls and Young Women, Cairo; (69 boarders, 251 day pupils; total, 320). 5 Girls’ Boarding Schools (other than the College) at Tanta, Cairo (2), Pressly Institute, Assiut, and Lu xo r;;(390 boarders, 843 day pupils). Religion of pupils— Protestants ...... 4338 Copts ...... 9191 Moslems ...... 2904 Others ...... 923 - I7,356 Nationality of pupils— Egyptians ...... 16,342 Others ...... 1014 „ . ------17,356 Keceipts— From native sources ...... $111,095 Donations, endowment, and miscellaneous ...... 10,318 From Mission treasury...... 37,269 Total cost of 197 schools for 1911 ...... $158,682 NOTE.—For further details, see statistical table at end of this report.

F or over fifty-five years our Church has been engaged in educational work in Egypt. Meanwhile, the situation has changed entirely, and the new environment is bringing problems which did not exist at all a generation or so ago. 86 Egypt—Educational Work.

Time was when our Mission schools were the only facilities offered to many communities for anything like an acquaintance with modern education. During the first three or four decades of our Mission’s life schools planted in many a village continued for years without competition, and consequently enjoyed very great opportunity for moulding the thought of the youth of the community; so that, in public and in private, the highest tributes were paid to these centers of intellectual and spiritual leadership. The advantage which the Mission was able to take of such a situa­ tion was a most valuable asset in its work, for the teacher sent to a district was very often preacher as well, and, without the dis­ traction of competing schools, was able to give a large amount of time to the direct preaching of the Gospel. Of recent years, however, and notably within the past eight or ten years, schools have multiplied almost without number throughout Egypt. The desire for the education of children has reached thousands upon thous'ands of homes. Encouraged and nurtured by British officials, individuals and organizations have set about to establish, equip, and conduct schools in every town and village. A wholesome rivalry for leadership in education has been fostered, and each year has seen better facilities offered. Blind teachers, instead of being in every school, are without em­ ployment; unfurnished and unsanitary schoolrooms are passing away, and neatness, cleanliness, thoroughness, and more or less elaborate equipment have taken their places. The government educational department has set the pace. Modern methods, trained teachers, thorough inspection and sys­ tematic conduct of everything educational, have been placed before the people by experts brought out from England. Higher stand­ ards of efficiency based upon more advanced education, have been demanded in every department of government service, which is the cynosure of perhaps ninety-nine out of every hundred Egyptians, and the objective of every Egyptian boy who goes to school. The annual budget for educational purposes by the Egyptian Government for 19 11 was $253,090, an enormous increase upon former years; and in addition to this, buildings costing hundreds of thousands of dollars are being provided in Cairo, Alexan­ dria, and the provincial centers, indicating this remarkable edu­ cational renaissance on every side. Another factor is the recent permission given to the Provin­ cial Councils to conduct education upon their own responsibility, in addition to what the general government is doing. With a five per cent, tax levy, to be spent almost entirely for education, the provinces have some $1,250,000 available each year for several years to come, for the extension and strengthening of schools under native control. In all the educational work financed by the public funds and conducted by Moslem officials in a Moslem country, of' course ev­ Egypt—Educational Work. 8 7 erything is Christless, if not entirely Godless. To satisfy the de­ mands of the Moslem population, the Koran and the sacred litera­ ture of Islam form a large part of the curriculum, from the pri­ mary classes to the Azhar University and the professional schools. The student has the guidance of a man who is at heart a Moslem, or a product of the impact of Islam and modern civilization, de­ void of Christian truth—an agnostic or a rationalist. With the exception of one or two communities where there are enough Coptic students to permit it according to the rules, the Bible has no place in a government school, and even then, the use that is made of the Word is such as to eliminate any real evangelistic effort. In addition to these schools, there are some 3,571 “ kuttabs,” or primary schools, under native control, with an attendance of some 202,095 children. In these, in practically every case, the atmosphere is entirely that of Islam—generally the old, moss- grown, mosque-grown type of the middle ages, except where government inspection has improved the situation somewhat. Private Moslem enterprise is also providing large and in­ creasing facilities for somewhat more modern education; and here also, of course, the Gospel gets no hearing. While there is frequently a very conspicuous departure from the old-style Mos­ lem medieval instruction, and some veneering of European meth­ ods, still Islam claims every credit here as in the government schools. To many, it looks as if Islam in Egypt were making its last stand in the field of education. But the fact still remains that it is making a stand. The Moslem of Egypt is looking about for something better. The nation is unable to rest satisfied with what Islam has had to offer; but it is just as unwilling to accept the Gospel which alone gives a constantly upward trend to any peo­ ple. And it is just here that our Mission schools may find their largest opportunity, if they can be prepared to meet it. The present is a time of change, a period of transition. Not satisfied with the old, the people are really looking for something new, educationally perhaps more than otherwise. The people are bound to discover that they are—that they have been, at least— on the wrong road, and, however faintly, a voice is discernible which calls for guidance as to where the right road is. Our Mis­ sion schools, if they are not driven to lower their standards of efficiency and number, may be. able to stand as guide-posts for public opinion, and serve to construct the intellectual, moral and religious character of the nation. But it will require strategy, men and women of power and thorough qualifications, funds for reasonable equipment, and the faith and prayers of the Church, to carry this through to the end. The Coptic schools of Egypt are of course more or less di­ 88 Egypt—Educational Work. rectly Christian. In many cases they have submitted to the standards of popular secular education entirely, and have become entirely invertebrate, as far as real Christian influence is con­ cerned. In fact, in none of them are Moslems taught Christian truth, and in many cases Islam is even taught by Moslem sheikhs when requested. On the other hand, in many cases the teachers in these Coptic schools, whether for boys or girls, are from our own Mission schools, and consequently have very much higher ideas and ideals as to the seriousness of the problem before them. Scores of young men go out each year from Assiut College and from some of our other schools, as teachers for these Coptic schools, and their influence is decidedly better than that found from other sources in non-Christian schools. They are the lead­ ers of religious and moral thought and enterprise, and, while not appearing in the statistics of the Mission, these schools and teach­ ers do often form a very uplifting feature in the enlightenment, if not in the real evangelization, of Egypt. Into the educational environment which we have sketched above, is thrust the work of our Mission. Its object and aim is to evangelize, edify and leaven Egypt through the medium of the schools. Its schools numbered 197 in 19 11, and its pupils 17,356, either directly under the care of the missionaries, or indirectly through contact with them when conducted by the native Evan­ gelical Church, which has grown up within the past half cen­ tury. At Alexandria, Tanta, Benha, Monsurah, Zakazik, Cairo, Beni Suef, Faiyum, Assiut, and Luxor (see map) the mission­ aries reside, and in each place conduct schools for boys and for girls. From each of these centers, out-station schools receive superintendence, and in some cases financial assistance, from the Mission. For example, there are eight schools in Tanta District, five in Monsurah District, six in Benha District, and five in Zak­ azik District. There are forty-seven schools identified with the Mission in the district of which B'eni Suef is the center, seventy- one in Assiut District, and thirty-two in Luxor District. Many of these schools are entirely self-supporting, and have formed the nucleus, and later the nursery, for an evangelical Christian church and community. In multitudes of cases, these schools have been the ideals upon which schools established by individuals, and communities have been based. They have formed, and still form, centers for the evangelization of the districts, the young church first meet­ ing in the schoolroom and then the school enjoying the use of the church building, until a proper school could be built. Frequently they have continued right along to be the leading features of the towns intellectually. In many cases, they are well housed and are conducted entirely by native effort. This is notably true from Cairo southwards, for the Delta has the large Moslem pop­ ulation which has not yet yielded sufficiently to provide a Chris­ Egypt—Educational Work. 89 tian community which can support its own school except in one city, Tanta. Of the twenty-eight schools in care of resident missionaries, twenty-one are day schools, and seven are boarding and day schools. Nineteen are for girls and young women, and nine for boys and young men. Twenty-one are in the Delta (including Cairo) and seven are south of Cairo. The average net expense per pupil in these schools, to the Mission, in the day schools, is, for girls $2.64 and for boys $4.62 per year; and in the boarding and day schools, $5.46 for girls and $9.44 for boys. The aver­ age tuition paid by girls in all these schools is $5.63 for each girl per year, and $5.62 for each boy. The average paid for boarding is $47.39 per girl per year and $20.15 Per boy. These figures do not include the out-station schools. (See statistical table at end of this report for farther details.) The Mission owns property for its girls’ and boys’ schools in each of the stations where missionaries are located, except Beni Suef and Tanta. At the former place the school is conduct­ ed in the church building belonging to the native people, and at the latter in a rented house. In Alexandria there are five schools under the direct care of missionaries, in Cairo six, in Tanta, Monsurah, Benha, Beni Suef two each, in Zakazik three, in Assiut two directly and one indirectly, and in Luxor two. In the Delta, several schools have been closed during the past year for lack of funds to keep them operating. The mission­ aries in charge have done everything within their power to con­ tinue them on short rations, but the schools could not be main­ tained in many cases. The causes assigned by the Delta mission­ aries are as follows: First, lack of adequate equipment, in view of what other schools are providing these days. Second, the fact that every effort is made to retain the definitely evangelistic character of our schools, and a Moslem community is always alert to recognize and resent any effort looking toward their evangelization. Third, we are foreigners; the nationalist spirit which has been so promi­ nent during recent years, has emphasized and encouraged every­ thing purely native, to the detriment of whatever is prominently under foreign control. Besides, the impression is abroad that our Mission schools have something else to offer than mere secular education, viz., to establish Christian truth and civilization, and these are obnoxious to the Moslem. On the other hand, it is the testimony of the missionaries that in the centers where we have continued the schools, in the Delta and elsewhere, their existence has created an opportunity for the gathering of audiences for religious meetings. In the Delta especially is the influence of the schools noticeable. Where now there are large openings for evangelistic workers if they 90 Egypt—Educational Work. can only be sent, it is but the result of the removal of prejudice. This is an encouraging- and very decided proof that the Church should strengthen its schools which can thus become nuclei for larger activity. Wherever former students of these schools are found, there exists a sympathy among individuals, at least, with the operations of the Mission. Here let us take some review of the conditions of our schools during the past year. . ALEXANDRIA. In Alexandria we have two central schools, one for boys and young men, and one for girls and young women, both housed in the new building in the center of the city. In other quarters of the city are three other schools for girls. ' Concerning the Boys’ School Mr. Henderson reports that there has been an increase of fifty-four over the attendance for 1910, and indicates that the school has gained a better standing because of the addition of the commercial department, started a year and a half ago, and now enrolling some seventeen students, of whom six are Moslems, and tHe others Copts, Jews, Syrians, Armenians, Catholics, etc. Many of these are from well-to-do families and have advertised the school not a little. Throughout the entire school, in the commercial department as well as in other classes, each student is required to take the daily Bible lessons and attend chapel, and an encouraging response to this is reported. The Girls’ Central School is located in the new building also, and, like some of the other schools, is greatly relieved by not being in a rented building any longer. The only disadvantage during the past year was the frequent change of administrators, made necessary in the early part of the year by Miss Finney’s absence in India, during which time Miss Mitchell superintended, and by Miss Finney’s departure on furlough, when a third superin­ tendent, Miss McDowell, was placed in charge. The school is situated in the middle of the busy city, but is well furnished for service, having large, airy rooms and corri­ dors. The workers have been so busy with the daily life of the school that they have not had opportunity to follow up their work much by going out into the homes of the pupils. Several children of very influential families have come in during the year, daughters of high officials, who in some cases have become in­ terested in the school through contact with missionaries years ago, one Moslem bey having learned long ago to honor and love Dr. Lansing, and having brought his granddaughter to the school, and through his influence three daughters of a pasha. Twenty of the girls received the Helen Gould prize Bibles for committing Scripture verses. XJhirty-one girls take lunch in the school, and so remain in. close contact with the workers all day. Egypt—Educational Work. 9i

Miss Graham, in charge of the kindergarten department, has been able to extend her work out to the other schools of the Mis­ sion in the city, except the Kafr el-Ashari school; and wherever the influence of this department is felt, there is new vision, new inspiration, and delightful results in the lives of the pupils and in the ambitions of the teachers. Fourteen teachers are taking special training with Miss Graham. There is such a large field for initiative and leadership in this kindergarten work in Egypt, that it is to be hoped that this training of teachers may extend to other parts of the field, and from our own schools into others, for it is filling a very great need in the lives of the little ones. Miss McClelland of New Florence, Pa., joined the teaching staff of the school in the fall, and has proven an excellent help. Miss McDowell desires to express her gratitude for timely help given by individuals and societies in America in the early part of the year, and to the Women’s Board ¡for taking over the school on its account in the middle of the year. The Haret el-Yahud (Jewish Quarter) school for girls is lo­ cated in the old building occupied by the Mission for about half a century. It is conducted by Miss McClenahan. The building being packed in close into the native quarter, there is not a foot of ground for the 186 pupils to enjoy outdoor exercise, but the re­ moval of the school to the top floor, while at the cost of having to climb three flights of stairs, gives added air and light. Miss Graham, of the kindergarten department of the Central School, has helped to develop a greater interest among the teachers by discovering to them the larger possibilities in child-training. There has been a much renewed interest in Bible study, following the outlines laid down by the Y. W. C. A. class text-books. Dur­ ing the year two girls have united with the church, and ten have received the Bibles given by Miss Helen Gould as prizes for com­ mitting to memory some 500 Scripture verses. The Karmous school is under the care of Miss Cabeen. More than three-fourths of the pupils are Moslems, and one of these confessed Christ this past year. The school is utilized as a center for evangelistic meetings, a prayer-meeting being held every Wednesday afternoon for girls and women, which is usu­ ally well attended. The Kafr el-Ashari school has suffered the past year from lack of some one person to give her entire attention to it. Miss Mitchell, in charge, states that its story is mostly one of need, and yet touching the lives of seventy-three children, fifty-three of them being Moslems, and the others bigoted Copts. A number of times the missionaries, in visiting among the people of the com­ munity, have been told by the parents of the girls that they had taken their children out of the school because they had heard a report that the missionaries had given them medicine to make them Protestants. The school is situated in a busy, 92 Egypt—Educational Work. bustling neighborhood, and it is with the utmost difficulty that one can conduct a work there. TANTA. Some three years ago, the native congregation at Tanta un­ dertook the conduct of the Boys’ School, so that it has passed out of the direct control of the missionaries, though a subsidy is paid for its support, and the missionaries have no small share in its work. Mr. Coventry has charge of the six schools in the Tanta dis­ trict, which contains a population of not less than a million and a half of souls. He reports that owing to such reduced funds for the conduct of these schools in recent years, they are not in good repair; indeed, many of them are in quite a deplorable condition for lack of seats, maps and other facilities. One cannot compete with other schools when the building is of sun-dried brick, poorly lighted and unsanitary. However, the encouraging feature about these schools, as has been mentioned, is that they form centers for evangelistic work, and the attendance is good. Mr. Coventry reports that unless immediate financial relief appears, two more of these places must be closed, in order to keep the others open. The Tanta Girls’ Boarding and Day School has been under Miss Atchison’s direction for five years, until her transfer to Cairo at the end of 19 11. With her has been associated Miss McMillan, who now is in charge, and in the fall of 19 11, Miss N. C. Smith joined her. The school is housed in a rented building, under very adverse conditions. The fact that the Women’s Board has given authority for the purchase of new grounds and the erection of a suitable building, has greatly encouraged the entire school, and opens large opportunity. Ten girls were grad­ uated in December, the governor of the province being present on the occasion. Miss McMillan relates the following interesting episode in the history of the school during the past year : “ The subject of the essay given by one of the girls at the graduating exercises was ‘The Egyptian Girl: How Shall She Make a Success of Life?’ It met with a hearty response of ap­ proval from every heart, and how proud and happy the mother w as! She who had never known what it was to have any free­ dom outside the four walls which she called home, or anything of the pleasures of education—her heart was fairly bursting with joy as she told in her simple-hearted way how she had been un­ willing to let her relationship to the girl be known in order that she might hear what people would say about her dear child. And when she heard only words of praise and approval from every side, her face was fairly lighted up with mother-love and joy- What a privilege it is to open the door of a wider sphere of life, not only in improvement and development of mind, but also in strength of character and beauty of soul to the daughters of these shut-ins.” Egypt—Educational Work. 93

MONSURAH. The Monsurah Boys’ School has continued for the past forty- four years. The head teacher is a graduate of Assiut College, and has been the director of the school for twenty-five years. Mr. Thompson reports that in spite of opposition and strenuous com­ petition, the work is most promising in its outlook. In the high­ est class of the city school he has some twenty-two bright, prom­ ising boys, and a fine opportunity for teaching truthfulness, pur­ ity, honesty, and the way of life. A feature of the Monsurah school is that during recent years it has been able to provide a number of teachers for itself and for the schools of the district. There are 750 boys in the district schools. The Turko-Italian war has aroused not a little ill-feeling in this district, and this has had its influence in keeping fanaticism stirred up against the Christians during the past few months. The great need of the Monsurah city schools is a new building. Our school and Mis­ sion have an excellent name in the entire community, and could secure a much larger influence if even moderate facilities could be offered for school purposes instead of the dark, gloomy rooms in which the work now has to be conducted. The Monsurah Girls’ School, Miss Bell in charge, reports a year of blessing. A Christian Endeavor Society conducted by the girls has taken the place of the pastor’s weekly meeting, and this added responsibility in service is already bearing fruit in the lives of a number of the older girls. The interest in Bible study, both of the Christian and Moslem girls, has never been better. Miss Paisley completed her period of appointment in the summer, and her place is being ably filled by Miss Chambers of Topeka, Kans. The attendance is a little less than a year ago, not a few having left on account of the unsanitary location of the school. There has been some advantage, however, in there being less crowding than formerly. ZAKAZIK. For several years, the Zakazik Boys’ School and the Girls’ School have been housed in the building erected by Mrs. J. Gradle of Topeka, Kansas. It has been a great help to be free from the vexations of renting or having to move frequently. The Rev. Mr. Hart reports that, although at times it seemed impossible during the year, the Central School and the four out- station schools for boys have all been kept open, but at the cost of much financial anxiety. In two of the out-stations, the Provincial Councils have opened rival schools, and, since free tuition and books are offered, the result was quite a loss of students from our schools. The sad feature of such a situation is that the boys who leave are mostly Moslems, and also since those who remain are Christians, the closing of the school for lack of funds means sending the Christian boys to Moslem schools. It cuts a mis­ 94 Egypt—Educational Work.

sionary sorely to have to say to a pupil, “ We can do nothing more for you. If you wish to learn, you must go to a Moslem school, whatever you may lose morally or religiously.” But this has to happen in some cases. Mr. Hart says that never in their history have the village schools justified their existence as much as this past year. The attendance at the religious meetings has never been better. The Zakazik Girls’ School has had a very good attendance the past year, and with more applicants for admission to the pri­ mary grades than could be received. In fact, Miss French re­ ports the school overcrowded. Much more than half of the new pupils have been Moslems, in spite of the opening of two new Moslem schools for girls in the city within the year. There has been a growing spirit of willing obedience and helpfulness toward each other, and a readiness to participate in the weekly Christian Endeavor meetings and even to lead in prayer, which the girls have never done before. Very little objection has been observed to the daily study of the Bible. The Sabbath school is growing too, until now some forty to fifty girls attend, the highest record thus far. Miss French expresses much when she says that she “ wishes she could make the report as interesting as the work itself is.” The Kafr el-Hukama Girls’ School, Zakazik. A few years ago, Mr. and Mrs. Hart discovered an opening at the far side of the city where it seemed a school could be opened for girls, and made a very influential evangelistic center. By a very extraordi­ nary providence, the little school was begun, and a most inter­ esting and promising work is conducted in it and through it. Mrs. Hart writes that of course the first purpose of the school is that it shall be evangelistic. Nothing beyond simple primary work is undertaken, but ever}'- effort is made to encourage the girls to pass to the Central School of the Mission as soon as they are able; and this past year they sent in six girls and one boy. The Sabbath school had some n o enrolled for the year, and the weekly prayer-meetings gathered"many who could not be reached otherwise. BENHA. The Benha Boys’ School is on a better footing than formerly. The experiment of securing better teachers has proven success­ ful, and the confidence of people has been secured by the better results observable, especially in the government examinations. These results have indicated to the public that the school could “produce the goods” intellectually, as well as morally and relig­ iously. Mr. Work reports that among the six schools in the out- stations, the work has had some decidedly encouraging and some decidedly discouraging features. The inroads made by the schools established by the Provincial Councils have lessened the Egypt—Educational Work. 95 attendance in some cases, and the presence of Moslem religious teachers who would lead boys away from our school was dis­ couraging. At some places, notably Biltan and Karnein, in spite of the fact that regular preaching is available only once a month at each place, the teachers being live, active evangelistic work­ ers, conduct flourishing Sabbath schools in the school, and, as has been referred to above, do the work of an evangelist. She- blenga and Kaha have had a hard year of it, owing to the opposi­ tion of priests and some discord among teachers, but things are looking brighter. Birket es-Sabo now has a church membership of eight, and is asking for a worker from presbytery. Moslem and Jewish boys are interested in memorizing the Psalms and in the study of Scripture. The Benha Girls’ School, Miss Pieken in charge, reports encouragement and progress. All the girls, Moslems, Jewesses, Copts, and Catholics, as well as Christians, take their part in prayer, i. e., leading in prayer before the others. Seven of the girls are to receive the Bibles offered for memory work by Miss Gould. The Junior Missionary Society meets in two sections, and better work is the result. The thankoffering this past year was the best yet, and the girls are ambitious to make it much better. CAIRO. High School for Boys. In the city of Cairo, with more than 650,000 souls, the Mission carries on but one school for boys— the one that has continued almost from the beginning of the Mis­ sion in Egypt, in the Ezbakiyah quarter, opposite Shepheard’s Hotel. For years, it has been the hope and prayer of the Mis­ sion that this school might grow and develop in proportion to the opportunity which it has had, and become one of the most impor­ tant centers for Christian influence in the great and wicked city of Cairo, the capital of Egypt, but the financial provision has never been discovered. It might have grown to many times its present size, and have taken a position of strategic importance as a Christian college or the beginnings of a university, if some­ one could have been found to finance it. This does not mean that the opportunity for accomplishing such a thing is past, for even with secondary schools under Mos­ lem and Coptic control all over the city, there exist very great possibilities for this school. But its present location and envi­ ronment are seriously handicapping it, and its needs are great. Packed in between great business blocks and with unsavory sur­ roundings, its 406 boys having neither sufficient light nor venti­ lation nor room for any outdoor exercise, it has to make its only drawing card its superior moral and Christian atmosphere, while maintaining the ordinary standards of a preparatory school. Two or more years must be added to the school this coming year, in order to maintain its position, because of changes in the- 96 Egypt—Educational Wo?k.

educational conditions of Egypt, but how it is going to be done is one of the most serious problems for the Cairo missionaries, unless there comes some special lift from outside. Dr. John Giffen directs the school. The teachers are all Christian men, mostly from Assiut College. The native principal directs the Sabbath school, edits the Sabbath school lesson leaves for the church throughout Egypt, and is a fine example of an ear­ nest elder in the local congregation. An active Christian En­ deavor Society exists in the school, with some sixty members, and the daily Bible lesson and gathering for chapel are features of the religious life of the school. But on Sabbaths the boys cannot be asked to remain for preaching, simply because the church is filled to overflowing with adults, and there is no place for the 250 to 300 boys. • Rev. C. Pollock joined the teaching staff of the school in the fall of 1911. THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, CAIRO The Theological Seminary is conducted in the Mission build­ ing in Cairo. Seventeen students were enrolled for the year 19 11. The following constitute the teaching staff: the Rev. An­ drew Watson, D. D., LL. D., Professor of Systematic Theology; the Rev. John Giffen, D. D., Professor of Hermeneutics and Homiletics; the Rev. J. Kruidenier, D. D., Professor of Hebrew and of Exegesis; the Rev. James G. Hunt, D. D., Professor of New Testament and Pastoral Theology; the Rev. Neal McClana- han, Instructor in Church History, and Mikhael Effendi Mansour, Lecturer on Islam. Five students were graduated from the Seminary in the spring, Simaan Hanna, Nashid Girgis, Wisa Tawdros, Ameen Butros, and Tadros Nasair. The last named has been called as pastor of one of the congregations in the city of Cairo, the Kulalie congregation.

THE CAIRO GIRLS’ COLLEGE

e l l a o. k y l e , Principal.

a l d a b . a t c h i s o n , Associate Principal.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY. Enrolment in 1910 272 320In 1911 ...... 320In Increase ...... Nationalities— Egyptians 200 Others .. 120 Religions— Protestants 51 Copts ...... 90 Egypt—Educational Work. 97 Moslems 96 Others . 83 Income— Tuitions ...... $6450 Boarding fees 9947 Donations ... 1056 Total $ 17,453 Net cost of the College to the Church in America $1194 Sabbath school contributions $140.00 Christian Endeavor contributions 60.00 Thankoffering 165.00 Total .. $365.00 NOTE.—For farther details, see statistical table.

The year just ending has been one of blessing, encourage­ ment, and prosperity. The College is still in its beginnings. On December 6, 19 11, the second year’s work was completed. It is interesting to note that the daily attendance has grown in that time from 21 to 270. The chapel, class rooms, and dormitories are filled to overflowing, and many more are asking for admis­ sion. A large proportion of the girls are Moslems (see above), and the opportunity to teach them of Christ and Hiis love has been a golden one. Both the evangelizing and the leavening pro­ cesses in the work have been prominent and very encouraging. The great wall of prejudice, as far as the College reaches out, has been broken down to a very large extent. Where there was antipathy ori the part of the Moslem girls towards the Christian girls, there is peace and love and a spirit of unity. The leaven­ ing has not been confined to the College itself, but has been reaching out into the homes of the girls. We are made welcome in all the homes of the girls, and in many of them there has been a desire to talk 011 subjects of religion in a most friendly way. Many of the Roman Catholic girls, while not formally departing from their Church, have learned to believe evangelical truth, and to try to live up to its teachings. Five of the girls united with the church during the year. The prayer and personal work of the teachers has found its response in a greater activity and interest in the Sabbath school and Christian Endeavor work. A society —“Helping Hands”—was organized recently, Slaving for its motto “ I serve,” with love, perseverance, truthfulness and obedi­ ence, the first four aims. A large number of the girls are daughters of pashas, men of the highest rank in Egypt. At the close of the school year in June, a class of nine was • graduated from the Preparatory Department. Three of these are engaged in teaching, and three returned to continue their studies. A feature of the College is “At-Home Day,” when the moth­ ers and lady friends of the girls are invited in, and thus the school reaches out into the homes.

7 9 8 Egypt—Educational Work.

The students have grown in liberality, there having been quite an increase in the contributions of the Sabbath school. Miss Hutchinson of New Wilmington, Pa., Miss Gilkerson of Staunton, Va., Miss Young of Traer, Iowa, Miss Austin of Monmouth, 111., and Mrs. Hobart of Monmouth, 111., joined the teaching staff in the fall.

The Ezbakiyah Girls Boarding School. In describing the Boys’ School, mention was made of the very undesirable environ­ ment in which the school is conducted. The same conditions pre­ vail for the Girls’ Boarding School, located in the same building, and they are indeed pitiful. The enrolment is about the same as formerly, but a larger percentage of the girls have been in the boarding department; indeed, during recent months, the school has not been able to accommodate all who have applied to be re­ ceived as boarders. The older Moslem girls are in the boarding department, and consequently are brought under much Christian influence. One of them is applying for Christian baptism, and hopes to publicly make her profession of faith at the coming communion. Four other girls have made a public profession of Christ as Savior during the year, and several others are asking to be received into the church. Of the fifteen who were graduated in December, four are now teaching, and others are willing to be appointed as teachers. The staff of workers in the school consists of Miss Martin, Principal; Miss Giffen, Miss Pugh, Miss Caldwell, five Syrian and two Egyptian teachers, a French teacher, and one to teach fancy work. The Kulalie School for Girls is superintended by Miss Kerr. There has been quite an increase in the attendance. Miss Kerr reports two interesting incidents, as follows: “Last spring a young native gentleman brought a little girl to school, and said he wished his sister to learn to read and write. The child was dressed in much silk and lace, and had it not been for her youthfulness, I would have thought her a bride. She came regularly, and after a week we found that she was eleven years old, and a bride, and it was her husband that had brought her to school. The little wife is still in school, and is doing nicely in her work. We not only have her in school, but three members of the family in the church services also. “ In September, a young man brought three Moslem chil­ dren to the school. After thev had been in the school about a month, a letter came from the "lather requesting that his girls be not taught religion, as they were Moslems and did not want our religion. After a visit to the home and a talk with each girl, the children are not only learning the Bible stories, but they are mem­ orizing Scripture verses, and seem to be enjoying singing the Psalms as much as any of the other children.” Egypt—Educational Work. 9 9

The Faggalah Girls’ School. During Miss Thompson’s ab­ sence for part of the year on furlough in America, the school was left without a regular superintendent, but its needs were well sup­ plied by Mrs. Harvey and Miss Kerr. Upon Miss Paden's re­ turn, by appointment of the Association, she assumed the super­ intendence. The attendance has kept up fairly well, the aver­ age being about one hundred and seventy-five. The great ma­ jority of the pupils are Coptic, with a few Moslems, Jew ­ esses and Protestant girls, and some Syrians. The Christian Endeavor Society is conducted by the older girls, and an excellent spirit is manifested in the religious life of the school by the girls in general. The Junior Missionary Society contributed $22.00 during the year, of which some $21.00 was given to the Fowler Orphanage. The thankoffering of $36.00 was given to the work of the S^nod. The Haret es-Sakkain (Water-carriers’ quarter) School has been superintended by Miss Walker, whose time has been divided between this school and the Orphanage since Miss Smith went home on furlough in the spring. The school is conducted under many difficulties, being in an entirely unsuitable building, and with no sufficient amount of light or ventilation. An encouraging fea­ ture is the large number of Moslem girls in attendance, there being forty-one the past year, of whom six were identified with the Christian Endeavor Society. Four girls were graduated in June, and Mrs. H. C. Campbell addressed the girls and pre­ sented the graduating certificates. Of the four, two are now en­ gaged in teaching in our Mission schools. The Fowler Orphanage and Day School is located in the Shubra quarter of the city, and is carried on in a rented prop­ erty. If there is a school in fhe Mission for which a permanent home is needed, it is this institution. One hundred and thirty girls were enrolled the past year, of whom forty-five were in the Orphanage. It is an entirely self-supporting enterprise, founded through the efforts of Friend Fowler of Philadelphia, undertaken entirely as a work of faith and conducted for the past several years by Miss M. A. Smith. During the second half of the past year, Miss Walker, later assisted by Miss Barnes, has superin­ tended the work of the Orphanage. Mrs. Harvey very kindly superintended it for a month during the summer, so as to provide a time of rest for Miss Walker. Two of the girls from the Orphanage are acting as assis­ tants in the Tanta Hospital, and two have been sent to the Pressly Memorial Institute at Assiut for study beyond what is given in the day school, while two others have acted as assistant teachers in the school itself. The orphan girls do all their own cooking, sewing, washing, housekeeping, etc. The Orphanage passed through some two months of much illness, but it is with thanks­ giving that it is recorded that all lives were spared. Eight of the lOO Egypt—Educational Work. children in the Orphanage are baptized Moslem girls, two of whom are eager to be baptized into the Christian Church. BENI SUEP AND FAIYUM. The exigencies of the Mission have made it necessary to have the missionaries in Beni Suef superintend also the schools in the Faiyum District during the year just closed. The Rev. W. H. Reed, who has directed the Faiyum District for several years, was nominally transferred to Beni Suef, but practically to the Ibis, the Mission Nile Boat, in Upper Egypt evangelistic work. Mr. Adams, still limited in his activities by the demands of his assigned Arabic study, and being in the district only since Sep­ tember, has not been able to go about much in the superintendence of the forty-seven schools of the district. Miss Ferrier has been able to keep in touch with the girls’ schools both in Beni Suef and Faiyum since her removal from Luxor in September, al­ though the oversight of two schools so far separated is by no means satisfactory to her. About half of the boys in the Beni Suef school attend the Sabbath school, but all have regular daily instruction in Christian truth throughout the week. The school is conducted in the small native church building, and under very unsatisfactory conditions, but it is recognized as being no small factor in the uplift of the community. In the immediate district of Beni Suef, our Mission subsidizes five schools, and in the Faiyum District eight schools. The other schools are entirely self-supporting, our missionaries being welcomed as inspectors and counselors in their work, but having no direct control. In the Faiyum District, the schools have of necessity been left largely to the oversight of a native helper, who was doing full duty as district evangelist also. He has been conscientious and faithful in this work, maintaining just as far as possible the evangelistic character of the schools.

Miss Ferrier reports as follows on THE BENI SUEF AND FAIYUM GIRLS’ SCHOOLS. ' The Bern Suef School seems to be growing steadily. The roll shows thirty-seven more names than a year ago, but an in­ crease of only two among the Moslems. Yet even this is a cause for thanksgiving, as the opening of Moslem girls’ schools in many places deducts from the number of Moslems in our schools. We have two Moslem girls’ schools in Bern Suef, which have taken many of our former pupils. The tuitions of 19 11 were $33.50 more than the year previous, and the school cost the Mis­ sion $52.00 less; so that some progress financial^ is visible. The school has suffered the past year from a number of changes in the teaching staff. A serious change was Miss French’s removal to Zakazik; and the departure of Mrs. Walker on furlough left no Egypt—Educational Work. 10 1 one well acquainted with the conditions of the school. How well the experiment of one person superintending two schools so far separated is going to succeed can not be fully known.until next year, as it has been tried for only a few months. It is a pleasure to record, however, that nothing discouraging has occurred thus far. The girls, one should say, are of a rather superior character, and are interested in both their secular and religious work, and peace and harmony are manifest throughout the school. In this school again, the girls have taken quite an interest in committing to memory 'the Scripture verse?' assigned by Miss Helen Gould, and securing the prize Bibles.

The Faiyum Girls’ School, in spite of the opposition of other and better equipped schools in tRe city, still prospers. Though the total yearly enrolment has dropped from 220 to 212, the number of Moslems has remained the same. The tuitions have been bet­ ter, being $47.00 more than last year, and this has helped make the cost to the Mission $50.00 less than last year. Miss Hammond’s daily presence in the school is greatly missed. (She is in Ajmerica on furlough.) The girls seem greatly interested in the religious life of the school, especially in their missionary so­ ciety. They gathered a thankoffering of $47.00 last year. Of their general contributions, they spent $5.00 for the Cairo Or­ phanage, five in refitting the school office, and are keeping the remainder to apply on the purchase of an organ as soon as pos­ sible. The daily average attendance is 150, a large number for five teachers to handle, especially in the classes for little ones, as the older classes are larger. The sewing department is a very practical one, and many of the girls can make their own dresses very nicely under the guidance of the teacher.

ASSIUT COLLEGE

The beginnings of Assiut College were in 1865, when Dr. John Hlogg opened the educational work in Assiut in a very hum­ ble way in a day school. It developed from this to an academy and then to a secondary school or College. The following is a summary of the statistics for the past year: Enrolment— Boarders ...... 783 Day pupils ...... 132 Total ...... 915 Religions of students Copts ...... 267 Moslems ...... 27 Protestants ...... 608 Others ...... 13 915 Paying tuition ...... 628 102 Egypt—Educational Work.

Free tuition ...... 287 Total fees paid by students ...... $21,058 Net cost to Church in America, (outside of salaries of permanent missionaries in charge) ...... $8,639 Instructors— Permanent Am erican ...... 6 Temporary American ...... 8 Others ...... 18 Total ...... 32 Missionaries in charge: Prof. R. S. McClenahan-, President; the Rev. J. R. Alexander, D. D., LL. D., College Pastor and Pro­ fessor of Religious Instruction; C. P. Russell, Professor of Psy­ chology and Logic, and Registrar; C. S. Bell, Professor of Mathe­ matics; W. W. Hickman, Professor of Science; the Rev. F. S. Thompson, Professor of History. The provision of the new buildings, which were entered for the first time in 1909, has greatly added to the facilities for im­ proved work by the College, and enabled it to secure a position of widened opportunity and influence. Modern class rooms, plenty of air and sunshine and extensive grounds, secure for this, our Mission’s principal training school for educational and evangelis­ tic leaders, provisions which we pray for so many of the other schools throughout the Mission. If the whole student body could be in one community, instead of in two a mile apart, the facilities would seem to be all provided. As it is, the whole work of instruction, the social and religious life and organizations are seriously interfered with. But we daily set up our Ebenezer. The attendance has greatly increased during the year parti) (humanly speaking) because of the excellent results obtained by the students last summer in the Government examinations, and partly because of the issuing of a College catalogue in Arabic and English (copies on request). There were enrolled in the four college classes some 225 students, which represents an increase of sixty-two in this department alone. A class of eleven was gradu­ ated in May, of whom four entered the Theological Seminary, four became teachers in mission schools, two took up the study of medicine, and one became the secretary of the Y. M. C. A. in Tanta. There are at present n o in the freshman year, 68 in the sophomore year, 21 in the junior year, and 20 in the senior class, making an enrolment of 219 in the collegiate department. The college has continued as formerly to supply almost all the teachers for mission schools throughout Egypt and the Sudan (our own and English). A roll of the living graduates taken last summer showed the following: Teachers ...... 61 Pastors ...... 53 Evangelists ...... 22 Theological students ...... 14 Egypt—Educational Work. 103

Government officials ...... 27 Physicians ...... 11 Graduate students...... 14 Business ...... 35 Total ...... 237 Messrs. C. A. Owen and E. E. Elder, having completed the three years of their term of appointment, and having won the greatest esteem and appreciation of their colleagues and the stu­ dents by their successful work in the College, returned to Amer­ ica in the summer. Miss Mary Anderson. likewise finished her term of appointment, and Messrs. Jas. Neale and Jas. Moore asked to be released at the end of their first year for private rea­ sons. Miss A. Stewart of Hebron, Ind., Mr. Milo McFeeters of Jamestown, Pa., and Mr. H. W. Gordon of Hanover, Ind., joined the College staff in August. The special need of the College for a professor of History, which has been before the Church for several years, was met b}r the appointment by the Board of the Rev. F. S. Thompson, A. M., who joined us in the fall. Mr. Thompson’s previous experience of four years in instruction in the College and his eminent adapta­ bility to the conditions, enabled him to enter at once with much facility upon his duties, and the faculty is much strengthened by his presence. The chapel at the old buildings, which had been dismantled to meet the needs of the new buildings and daily chapel exercises, was thoroughly furnished during the year, largely through the very liberal help of a number of native ladies and gentlemen of Assiut, most of whom were educated in the Pressly Memorial Institute and Assiut College of our Mission at Assiut. The College library has been remodeled and the books re­ listed and made very much more accessible by a very carefully arranged system of cross-filing carried out by Dr. Alexander. The science department has been very much improved through donations from friends, and very much needed apparatus secured. But the greatest thing to be recorded for the past year is the remarkable spiritual revival which came to the College in the spring of 19 11. (See the Evangelistic Report). It very deeply affected the entire life of the college community, and continued active from January to May. In March, Dr. John R. Mott vis­ ited the College, and delivered several most impressive addresses, and scores of students made serious decisions for life and for Christian service. Professor Bell and one of our native instructors represented the College Christian Union at the International Christian Stu­ dents’ Conference held at Constantinople in April, the students defraying the entire expense of sending their own representative. 104 Egypt—Educational Work.

PRESSLY MEMORIAL INSTITUTE, ASSIUT. This institution, our girls’ boarding and day school at Assiut, closed its thirty-eighth year with much to be thankful for. The enrolment reached 320, of whom 166 were boarders. Only four­ teen of these 320 were non-Egyptians. Fifty villages and towns were represented by these students, and this in itself speaks much for the extent of the influence of the school. The school is very much overcrowded. But, as Miss Criswell, in charge, says, we look for higher results than numbers; and here too we have great reason for thankfulness. The spiritual revival extended to the girls in the Pressly Institute as well as to the students in the College, and at that time twenty-eight girls confessed Christ as their Savior, and nine later on. Following the special meetings, small prayer bands were organized and met daily until the end of the term. It was especially touching to see a little Moslem boarder, whose heart had been touched gather her playmates about her every evening to spend a while in prayer. An investigation proved that no less than fifty-five girls, former students of the Institute, were teaching during the past year in twenty-five towns in Egypt. One has a school near Assiut where fifty street children are gathered in, one half of them being Moslems. A seventh year girl, who has been supported by the First Church, Allegheny, went to a village to teach for the term so that she might make more of her education when she finishes. The senior girls have gone each Sabbath morning to conduct a meeting in a small town near Assiut. The Sunshine and Helping Hand Circles of the King’s Daughters have done good service, the former having raised some $120 for the Fowler Orphanage by the sale of their own work in December. The two missionary societies contributed $ 116 during the year for the support of the Bible women in Assiut, and their thankoffering was $123. The flower committee of the Sabbath school have cheered the patients in the hospitals not a little by their work.

ASSIUT DISTRICT SCHOOLS. In Assiut District, there are fifty-six schools for boys and thirteen schools for girls, in addition to the College and the Pressly Memorial Institute, every one of which is entirely sup­ ported by the native Church, and has been for many years. Some, as e. g., the Wisa school for boys and the Khaiyatt school for girls, and those at Mellawi, el-Baiyadiyah, Minieh and some other places, are large and flourishing, with hundreds of pupils and housed in excellent school buildings, their own property. Others are most humble—merely sun-dried brick huts, with no floors and next to nothing of furniture, and having the hardest kind of a struggle to exist. But all are factors in the establishment of GROUP OP PUPILS IN PRESSLY MEMORIAL INSTITUTE, ASSIUT, 1912. Egypt—Educational Work. 105 ?3 the Christian Church in Egypt, and developing communities ca­ pable of intelligently solving their own educational, social, and religious problems. LUXOR. Our two schools in Luxor are the Boys’ Day School and the Girls’ Boarding and Day School. In the former, there were 264 students during the past year. The school is conducted in an utterly unfit place, the old building which has done service as church and school for the past generation, and it is hoped that new quarters may be secured very soon. The school has for many years been the chief educational influence for boys in the com­ munity, and, in spite of conditions, has maintained the confidence of the people so much that there has been practically no attempt to open competing work. The head of the school, a graduate of Assiut, is a very competent man, and the value of his services has been felt much during the year, when the school had to be left to his care for months, owing to the absence of a missionary from the station. The Girls? Boarding and Day School. This school is recog­ nized as one of the most influential enterprises of the Mission. It was originated and is conducted by the Women’s Board, through Miss Buchanan. It is well equipped in building and grounds, and located outside of the city, with the very best environment. There were 229 girls enrolled last year, 72 of these being boarders. Miss Ferrier conducted the school for the first half of the year, until her transfer to Beni Suef. The following ladies assist Miss Buchanan in conducting the school: Miss Black of Ft. Morgan, Colo.; Miss Downie of Cleveland, O., and Mrs. Crooks of Stewart, Iowa, and with them two Syrian and eight Egyptian teachers. During the year six girls united with the church, three before and three after the special evangelistic meetings conducted by Mr. Reed and others in the winter. Nine girls were graduated, one of them being a Nubian girl who had been baptized two years before. A new feature has been the partial organization of the graduates of the school into an association somewhat along the lines of an alumni association, with means for not only maintain­ ing the social fellowship of the graduates, but also for their con­ tinued improvement as far as the opportunities of their lives as Egyptian women will permit. In the Luxor District there are some thirty-two schools either directly or indirectly under the care of the Mission. To thirteen of these, subsidies are given by the Mission, amounting to from $1.00 to $15.00 per month. It is a long district, extend­ ing from Assuan on the south to Tahta, 350 miles to the north. Dr. Philips, who returned to the field late in the year, was able to give only one month to supervision of the schools; and as soon as he is far enough on with his Arabic study to be able to strike io 6 Egypt—Educational Work.

•out into the district, he hopes to greatly improve the condition of these schools, which have suffered very much from changes in the Mission in this district during recent years. Mr. Reed, who spent the entire fall on the Ibis in this district, and came into con­ tact with very many of the schools, has furnished us with the following remarks on their work and influence: WORK ON TH E IBIS. “ In the boat work, one is constantly impressed by the fact that almost all active Christian workers in the various communi­ ties have been educated in our Protestant schools, and most of them in Assiut College. How great are the possibilities of ad­ vance through these workers, if they could only be more closely guided and encouraged in their work. The village schools are still exerting a mighty influence on many towns and districts, and especially where other schools have not gained supremacy. Many of these schools are doing splendid work. In most of them, the teachers are faithful and up to date. The religious teaching is very much in advance of that done in other schools. These -schools are a great help in the Sabbath school work. They often form meeting places where religious meetings are conducted regu­ larly, in which the teachers often take the leading part. “ However, in itinerating on the Nile, one is constantly brought face to face with the danger to our schools through the influence of competing schools. In some parts, the lack of inspec­ tion and oversight has resulted in neglect on the part of teachers, and a consequent retrogression of the schools. Not infrequently, the inability of our school to provide better facilities, causes the better class of students to leave, thus very seriously reducing the income. However, one is often surprised at the high grade of the work done and the smallness of the expense as compared with other schools. In one place, a school of 130 pupils was being con­ ducted by two teachers, the head teacher receiving a salary of only $12.50 per month. In another place one teacher, on a salary of half that, was conducting the school alone with 75 pupils. “ It is remarkable how much leavening influence has been ex­ erted by schools directly or indirectly under Protestant supervis­ ion. For instance, in Kena there are 180 boys in the school, of whom 80 come from other villages; and the influence of the daily religious instruction, chapel exer'cises, and the Sabbath school are carried wherever they go. In the girls’ school in Kena, there are 130 pupils. Each of the larger girls takes part in leading the chapel exercises. The teachers in the Government and Coptic girls’ schools in Kena all attend the Protestant church there. All the work in this town is self-supporting. A large influence ex­ tends also from our schools to the Coptic schools, whose teachers have very often been educated in our schools. And while they are limited somewhat by the authorities of the schools, they generally witness very definitely to the truth of the Gospel.” C a ir o G i r l s ' C o l l e g e a n d S t u d e n t s , E g y p t . SUMMARY OF EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS, EGYPT MISSION, 1911. A— Schools Under Mission's Care.

TEACHERS. Nation­ ENROLMENT ality. RECEIPTS EXPENDITURES

F n e s .

SCHOOLS.

KOIt MALES: Theological Seminary, Cairo.. 17 17 17 16 1 Training College, Assiut ...... I $51 $ 1 I $706! $169311 $65| $16301 $1695 915 628 287 608 267 27 Ì3 913 2 $5280 $15778 $21058 445 17931___ I 8639 31935 12056 15926 $3953 31935 High School, Cairo ...... 40li 368 38 73 193 84 50 335 71 3183 96 Benha, Day School ...... 3183 .... 718 3997 3343 654 3997 127 120 7 5 70 43 9| 118 9 544 544 631 117 5 • 1059 116 117 5 Znkazlk, Day School ...... 22ti •170 56 40 82 100 222 4 867 867 Monsurah, Day School ...... 4 1446 2313 2185 128 23>13 255 210 9 9?, 59I 225 30 799 799 1464 2263 2092 17 1 2263 Alexandria. Day School ...... 254 222 32 38 67 63 861 148 106 2542 2542 5 R3 19 31 4541 3629 912 4541 Luxor, Day School ...... 264 250 14 24 189 45 6 263 1 1046 1046 640 1686 1640 46 1686 Beni Suef, Day School ...... 165 15 1 14 7 120 33 160 b 516 516 405 921 817 104 921 TOTAIi, for Young Men and Boys, under Mis­ sion’s care ...... 9| 61! 16| 77|126291 800|1829|2629|. . . . |2119| 51011 821|1080| 490| 238||2400| 229||$14777|$15778|$30555| 56| 1 383| 19 5 2 )... ,|$16580|$50526||$26886|$175561 6084|$50526

FOR FEMALES: College for Girls, Cairo ...... 81 312 •96 83 200 120 6450 9947 16397 1056 1194 18647 7532 5805 5310 18647 Pressly Memorial Institute, Assiut ...... 15 10 30G 14 4089 4120 8209 532 514 519 1394 11168 5108 4430 1630 1116 8 Kzbaklyah Boarding and Day School, Cairo.. 34 84 209 96 2004 2740 4744 383 16 13 G740 3437 2094 1189 6740 Tanta, Boarding and Day School...... 69 59 160 73 888 1220 2108 25 1701 3834 1059 1 1 1 5 1660 3834 Luxor, Boarding and Day School ...... 17 4 240 5 755 1680 2435 450 100 2580 5565 2415 1780 1370 5565 Fowler Orphanage, Cairo ...... 12 8 113 17 206 206 710 425 1120 2461 200 1510 751 2461 Haret-es-Sakkain Day School, Cairo ...... 41 187 466 466 609 1075 892 183 1075 Faggalah Day School, Cairo ...... 23 65 244 " 6 8 965 965 96 387 1448 1265 183 1448 Kulalle Day School, Cairo ...... 24 2 225 2 580 580 35 396 10 11 832 179 1 0 11 Faiyum, Day School, el-Madinet ...... 18 8 204 8 401 401 537 938 854 84 938 Benha, Day School ...... 9 4 43 2 127 127 232 359 232 127 359 Zakazlk, Day School ...... 82 28 199 28 694 694 60 415 1169 1039 130 1169 Kafr Hufcama Day School, Zakazlk ...... 64 15 110 6 11 3 11 3 68 181 106 75 18 1 Monsurnh, Day School ...... 30 16 119 16 588 588 747 1335 1210 125 1335 Haret-el-Yahud Day School, Alexandria 38 130 43 143 467 467 579 1046 700 346 1046 Kafr Ashari Day School, Alexandria ...... 54 1 72 1 48 48 275 323 117 206 323 Karmuz Day School, Alexandria ...... 68 4 92 3 110 110 458 568 376 192 568 Bab-el Hadld Day School, Alexandria ...... 19 85 112 91 1800 1800 720 52 130 774 ■ 3476 2661 815 3476 B*ul Suef. Day School ...... 20 2 185 2 424 •124 : : : : i 361 785 640 145 785

TOTAL, for Young Women and Girls, under Mission’s care ...... 19| i:t412ir.:tHni nG|12 231 x.ifi| D24|| 359.'2| nr>1R.T| 71437|4123|2.'!7l¡38211___ | 30900|112635|| 57581| 34290|20784| 1 1 2G5f>

B—S c h o o l s U n d e r S y n o d ' s C a r e .

TEACHERS. ENROLMENT. RELIGION. N’T'N’TY RECEIPTS. EXPENDITURES.

□ w

a SCHOOLS. £ g ti - 5S □ e ; ? ce O.' pa $ Synod’s Schools, Males 145Ì216I 46126211 93631.... 93631 89621 4011 7984|1612| 1231615400116091 6711 90661 4011237251...... I23725|... .1.. ..I... .115933] 6369|$46027jl421311. 3896¡$46027 Females 241 271 71 3411 1606[___ 16061 55115511 873| 500|| 660| 835| ia| 10|| 1813' 50||...... f ...... f ...... [ ...... |...... ||...... |. TOTAL Synod's ...... 16912431 53|296||10069|....|10969i 9017|1952| 885712112|12976|6235 116 8 11 77||10879| 90||23725|...... |23725|||____ |15933| 6369| 460271142131|...... | 38961 46027

TOTAL Schools, 1911 197|4OO|1O9|5O9||173BO|1250|16O97|11092|5364|14246|311O||4338|9191|29O4| 923||lG342|1014||r,9677|35485|95162|4123|2374|3821|15933|37269|158682||99712|34290|24680|158682

TOTAL Schools, 1910 . 19613921105149711177471114611660111249515252114771129761140191931313.1721 943| |10707|1040||554811:51150 ¡8663113994118 9 1123521112 6 5 142746| 148879] 193409| 28951126519 ] 148879 110 Egypt—Book Department.

BOOK DEPARTMENT

BY THE REV. W. R. COVENTRY.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

1911. Scriptures. Volumes. Receipts. American Bible Society ...... 35,991 $3,609 British and Foreign Bible Society ...... , 14,374 802 Total Scriptures ...... 50,365 $4,4n Religious books ...... 14,562 $2,768 Educational books ...... 32,682 5,332 Stationery ...... 2,103 Total for 1911 ...... 97,609 $14,614 No. of Shopmen ...... 10 Colporteurs:—■ American Bible Society ...... 23 British and Foreign Bible Society 6 American Mission ...... 7 36

1910. Scriptures. V olumes. Receipts. American Bible Societv ...... 1...... 33,384 $ 4,103 British and Foreign Bible Society ...... 9J 47 600

Total Scriptures ...... 42,531 4,703

Religious books ...... 16,764 $ 2,722 Educational ...... 38,595 6,046 Stationery ...... 2,400

Total for 1910 ...... 9 7 ,8 9 0 $ 15,871 It will be seen from the above summarv that there has been an advance in the sales of Scriptures over last year of nearly 8,000 volumes, but the amount of money received for them has been nearly three hundred dollars less. This may be explained thus: There may have been more portions sold this year than last, but it can be accounted for also in part, by the reduction in the price of Scriptures. An encouraging feature of the work is that there has been an increase over last year in the number of Scriptures distributed by the British and Foreign Bible Society of nearly 5,000 volumes. The British and Foreign Bible Society works in the Delta where the population is nearly 98 per cent. Mohamme­ dan, so that this would indicate that the distribution among the Mohammedans has increased over the past year. The distribution of religious books other than Scriptures is Egypt—Book Department. n r below that of last year by a little more than 2,000 volumes, but the amount received from sales is more than the year before. Educational books show a falling off both in number of vol­ umes and in receipts, but the total volumes and receipts in all the departments is practically the same as last year. The Book Department aims especially at two things. The most important part of its work is to place in the hands of the general public, good wholesome literature. The Egyptian people are eager to read and the opportunities to read are abundant; but the literature that is offered for sale, as a rule, is not of the best and much of it is of the lowest type. We cannot emphasize too- strongly the necessity of providing good literature. The success we have attained can be learned from the number of volumes dis­ tributed. It is only fair to say, however, that a considerable num­ ber of the religious books distributed were Psalms in meter dis­ tributed to the native congregations and not to the general public. However, this work is also important. The second purpose of the department is to provide text­ books for our schools. That it was done so successfully is evi­ dent from the number of recorded sales of educational books. During the past year our Book Department was asked by the Egyptian Government to supply Scriptures, commentaries and concordances to the government schools to be used by the Chris­ tian students enrolled in these institutions. This is the first time that the Government has put the Bible in its schools. The colporteurs complain that the work of distributing Scrip­ tures and religious books the past year has met with a great deal of opposition. Perhaps this is true, but judging from the in­ creased sales over last year we would not conclude so. If it is- true that the opposition has been greater, it must be from the fact that more books were sold and more people reached, and thus, more persons being influenced resulted in greater opposition. This in itself is not a discouraging feature of the work of the past year, but thus viewed becomes an encouragement. The colporteurs re­ port that they have been able to make sales among the students of other schools than those of the American Mission, especially the Government schools and Coptic schools. Reports have come in of sales made to Coptic priests and in monasteries, of Scriptures and religious books, such as the commentaries on the Bible, concord­ ances, and Pilgrim’s Progress. The work of the colporteur along this line cannot be too'highly estimated. He carries the books to the people and they purchase them and thus the Scriptures and religious books are being widely distributed throughout the coun­ try. If it were not for the colporteurs these books would not be distributed, as the people will not come to the book shops to pur- ' chase, but will purchase when books are taken to them. Thus the knowledge of God’s Word is increasing; and we hear reports of persons being able to conduct religious meetings, by reading a 112 Egypt—Book Department. sermon or a portion of a book which they have secured from a colporteur. The colporteurs are not only distributers of books, but they themselves conduct religious meetings in the towns they visit. This is especially true in Upper Egypt. In the Delta conditions are different, but even here the colporteur, in an informal way, is able to do not a little evangelistic work apart from the distribu­ tion of the books. There are practically three classes of people among whom the colporteur works: our own Protestant people, the Copts, and the Mohammedans. We hear very little about the work among the Protestants, other than that they have been visited and have pur­ chased books. We take it from the absence of any. reports from this branch of the field that the colporteur is satisfied with his work. The work among the Copts, in some localities, is encouraging. Reports come of many sales of commentaries, concordances and other religious books, including sermons by Spurgeon and Moody. The distribution of these books is no doubt having an influence on the minds of the priests and people. The work among Mohammedans is encouraging. Some re­ port it more difficult than last year on account of the Turkish- Italian war, but the war occurred late in the year and perhaps did not affect this year’s work as much as it will that of next year. But there seems to be an increasing desire on the part of the Mohammedans to purchase our books and read them, even though opposed to much that they contain. The missionaries on the Allegheny have been able to place in the hands of many of the people, Scriptures and religious books with a word of explanation which has often helped to break down prejudice and will no doubt bear its fruit in due time. The work done by the Book Department in the distribution of Scriptures and religious books, is surely one of great importance. We do not consider it as important as the preaching of the Word, but in connection with the preaching it becomes a great factor in mission work. It is one of the agencies for breaking down preju­ dice and bringing the truth to the minds of the people. The colporteur has no easy task. Hie travels about from place to place and frequently feels that every man’s hand is against him. He is exposed to insults of one kind or another. Often he is obliged to see a copy of the Scriptures or a religious book which he has just sold, torn up before his eyes. Yet on the other hand he meets with many who welcome him, and he goes on from day to day toiling, rejoicing, sorrowing, trusting that his work will bear fruit unto life eternal. Let us remember this work in prayer that it may be b lessed and mav become a greater power in the land for the advancement of the Kingdom. Egypt—Medical Work.

MEDICAL WORK

B Y M IS S A N N A B. , W A T S O N , M .D .

STATISTICAL SUMMARY. Number of physicians ...... 9 Nurses ...... 28 House visits ...... 4249 Village visits ...... 137 Villages visited ...... 61 Clinic cases treated in clinics...... 47,722 Patients treated in hospitals ...... 3,472 Religion of patients: Moslems Others Total In hospitals ...... 1385 2087 3472 In clinics ...... 30162 17560 47722

31547 19647 5 1194 Number of operations performed ...... 1516 Receipts: Physicians’ fees and hospital fees— Assiut and Hospital...... $19885 Tanta and Hospital ...... 5105 Delta Boat, “Allegheny” ...... 210 $25200 Number of clinic centers ...... 4 Names of clinic centers: Assiut, Tahta, Tanta, Benha.

MEDICAL WORK AT ASSIUT.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

B Y DR. A. F. GRANT. No. physicians—Male ...... 5 Nurses— Male (native) ...... 5 Female (foreign) ...... 11 No. house visits ...... 3,600 Village visits ...... 75 Villages visited...... 25 Clinic patients treated in clinics ...... 27,934 Religion of clinic patients— Copts ...... 8,100 Moslems ...... 15,464 Protestants ...... 2,495 Catholics ...... 580 • Others ...... 1,295 ’ xr . 27,934 No. of patients in Hospital— M e n ...... 1,381 Women ...... 837 Children above the age of one year.. 445 Children under the age of one year.. 136 Total ...... 2,799 114 Egypt—Medical Work.

No. of patients in hospital paying full price ...... 1,152 half price or less 567 fr e e ...... 1,080 No. of villages represented by patientsin hospital 398 Religion of patients in hospital— Copts ...... 1,219 Moslems ...... 1,018 Protestants ...... 354 Catholics ...... 38 Others ...... 170 2,799 No of operations— Major ...... 424 Minor ...... 633 Receipts— 1,057 Medical practice...... $9,164 Hospital fees ...... 9,553 Sales of drugs, etc...... 1,168 ------$19,885 Donations from Egyptians...... $947 $20,832 Names of clinic centers: Assiut, Tahta.

ASSIUT HOSPITAL.

BY MISS E. DORCAS TEAS. Tihe story of a year in the hospital will call up incidents which may seem “more strange than fiction,” if one could put on record the many times that prayer has been answered in the heal­ ing of sick, suffering bodies. This in itself is cause for much thanksgiving, were that our only aim in the work; but, thanks be to Him who performs miracles in lives by His grace, He has given us a much higher commission and has promised to manifest His presence in the midst of His people. The past year has been one more than ever before blessed by that divine Presence. The first month, as usual, was quiet as regards patients. Few come from their villages at that time who can possibly work in fields at sow­ ing, planting, or attending flocks and herds. This gives the work­ ers a little time for attending special meetings at the College and Girls’ School, working on accounts, reports, etc., as well as get­ ting out into the sunshine and God’s good air, which later on, they would not be able to do nor care to as the season advances bring­ ing more heat and more work. The work of teaching all who do come into the hospital goes on however; and the preaching each Sabbath morning in the chapel has been a feature of greater in­ terest than heretofore. February was a more interesting month in every way. In the early part a patient came from one of Cook’s Nile steamers, an American traveler, Mr. S. L. Severance, from Cleveland, Ohio, whose condition was most serious, the physician on the boat not Egypt—Medical Work. i i 5 expecting him to live through the night. Fortunately we had two private rooms unoccupied and were able to accommodate the wife and daughter of our patient, who was suffering from an injury caused by a fall from a donkey, fractured ribs and a most danger­ ous condition of the'heart. But that night passed and the life of the sufferer was spared to his anxious family, giving us who longed to say danger was passed at least some hope. Much prayer was offered in this case as in others. Many weary nights and days were appointed unto these watchers with him; the days lengthened into weeks and weeks into months, while changes came, sometimes for better, again for worse, we feared. March passed and April set in before he was pronounced well, and the happy family departed, taking one of our nurses along for the sea jour­ ney. In connection with the nurses it should be stated that, for the first time in our history as a hospital we had enough nurses to provide a special nurse for night and one for day during the whole time, making things more comfortable for all concerned and en­ abling the hospital to pay the regular salaries of the two nurses for a whole year from the fees collected for their services during these two months. This shows the sacrifice these nurses make to serve the Master in this foreign land. They do not come out with a view to money-making, but with the desire to serve well in the cause that needs assistance, “and a great hope in the distance.” Let student volunteers take notice. Workers are needed, let none be afraid, the Lord will provide if we let Him lead. We saw our prayers answered in the healing of Mr. Severance, and rejoiced with the family in their happy departure for home. Added to all this there is a permanently endowed bed in the Severance name in our women’s medical ward. We cannot leave this subject with­ out recording our gratitude for God’s goodness in bringing these dear friends into our midst to cheer us by their Christian fellow­ ship and hearty sympathy which counts for more than money or anything of that sort. April brought great sorrow to the hospital. Our beloved hospital pastor, Rev. Moosa Ibrahim, was called home. H3e had served the last five years of his life in teaching the sick ones their great need of the divine Healer for their souls as well as their bodies. What can we say in the matter? “ He is not, for God took him” and that suddenly. On April 5th he came to work but was suffering from a terrible pain in his head. Medical aid was at hand. No teaching was done that day, as we put the sufferer tenderly to bed in a private room, and sent for his faithful wife and daughter, the latter the wife of our Assiut pastor, Rev. Maaw- ad Hanna, who quietly watched with us. High fever, delirium and constant restlessness continued except when controlled by strong opiates. Only three weary days and nights, and then all suffering was for him forever past. The sorrow of those left here n 6 Egypt—Medical Work.

cannot be spoken of, it is too deep and sacred; but the hand that in love has smitten, in love has bound lip. We know that His will is best and that we all must go when He calls us away. The im­ portant thing is that we be found thus serving that, as He prom­ ised, He may call us to the feast which Hie has prepared—Luke 12 : 37. So let us be ready when He sends for us by death or when He comes in glory. The month of May came in with plenty of heat and also of work. One sweltering night the Angel of Death came and took poor old black Habeeba away from her suffering into the glory of the redeemed ones. No doubt she has found her faithful guide, Brother Moosa, who spent precious hours teaching her the way of life and preparing her for her baptism which took place in the hospital in 1910. She spent a weary year in the ward longing to get well, for many months fearing death, but as Dr. Aziz Ibra­ him and others daily talked and prayed with her she gradually be­ came ready for her departure. All fear dispelled, at length she witnessed before those about her, a good confession, meeting with joy the final enemy of all living, seeing by faith the entrance into life everlasting. We thank the Lord for her true conversion and triumphant death. Oh, that many more may be won for Him! There was no earthly friend to ask about her from outside the hospital. “Love Links Society” in Walmer, South Africa, paid for her during her stay with us, and the hospital bore the expenses of her burial. Her poor, wasted form was committed to the dust, rather as one said to the “ clean sand” near the mountain in Assiut where we bury our dead, for but a little while until He comes, then she shall arise a glorified saint. We spoke in a previous report of Fatima. She was brought in at the same time that Habeeba was here, a most fanatical Mos­ lem, very rough and coarse, but she grew humble. Through num­ erous operations, each time we were more sure that she must lose her limb. She began to believe and prayer was offered once more, in which Fatima joined, believing, and lay down on the op­ erating table like a lamb, perfectly trusting; and lo! she is now well, walking about in her village, telling what she has learned to other women. Poor soul! her surroundings are not helpful. Pray for her, dear workers at home. June was a very busy month, nurses beginning to take vaca­ tions. The Misses Cookson and Bennett had to go for long fur­ loughs to England, and Miss Caws, the pharmacist, also. A young native man whom Miss Caws had taught was put in charge of her work under supervision of the doctors, thus adding to their work. Miss Corkey had taken Mr. Severance’s party, and the re­ maining few had the heaviest part of the years’ work before them. June proved a record month, as numbers go, 305 patients being admitted, with one hundred and twenty operations. July was as warm and brought nearly as heavy work. Miss Rose Egypt—Medical Work. n 7

Mintier took charge of the operating room in August and has been doing good work there, as in every other part of the hospital. August brought Miss Corkey back to take up work and to study Arabic, she having received a permanent appointment. In October Miss Cookson returned, also Miss Caws who brought her sister, Miss Dora Caws, to join us in our nursing ranks. Miss Amanda Hbhage from Germany also came in October. These nurses we gladly welcome, as two others were leaving, Misses Van der Molen and Ault. September brought Dr. Henry and family back from their year’s furlough in America. Needless to say there was great rejoicing. Our Egyptian men nurses and as­ sistants would not be satisfied without a real brass and string band, bunting was flying, and the men brought palm and other branches to trim the house from the front even to the very kitchen. Guests to call and bring salaams were numerous. Now we begin to feel as if the doctor’s family had never been absent; work is so pressing that one fits into the same old place at once. In No­ vember, Dr. Finley was taken very ill with typhus fever, .and much anxiety was felt in his case. We prayed and^our prayers were an­ swered in the sparing of his life for the sake of his family and the work. In December, Dr. Grant was taken ill and we were all much in prayer for him. We rejoice to say that he is better and performing as many operations as come along. Dr. Moore gave up most of his Arabic lessons and took full work to help the other doctors to get a vacation, while he took his vacation in October. Now he is pegging away at the language for examination at the coming meeting of the committee on language study, a very diffi­ cult matter, to be sure, but necessary to the future life of a mis­ sionary. Our evangelist Butros, who was a patient in the Wallace Kidd bed some years ago, continues to teach and help materially with the clinic work every day, using much time daily teaching in the wards as well. Our prayers have been answered in the case of men who have heard the Word from our beloved Mr. Moosa’s lips—they fairly hung on his words—and how patient he was with them! A young student from the College has conducted services in the chapel and it is refreshing to observe the patients taking the text word for word, repeating it after the preacher, women as well as men, most of whom cannot read or spell a word, learning texts and a few remembering them for several weeks back. A poor old woman hung on to us one day after preaching and begged for a book, stating that her son attended a private school supported by a Coptic bey in their town, and that her boy would read and sing the Psalms to his blind brother. She declared that Jesus had healed her and saved her soul. She was a poor Mohammedan woman and could not remember much, but said she was saved. With gratitude to our Heavenly Father we record the recov­ ery of little Margaret Bell from a desperate case of diphtheria and subsequent paralysis of the vocal chords; also of Mrs. Alex­ i i 8 Egypt—Medical Work.

ander from a severe surgical operation. Many of our fellow workers have been in the hospital from various causes and have all been restored to health to our great joy and encouragement. The “ Sunshine Circle” of the Pressly Memorial Institute have added much to the comfort of patients by sewing garments for the poor; also a class of girls with their teacher, come in every Sabbath afternoon to sing to the patients, bring cut flowers with a text chosen and written by the girls for.each individual, man, woman and child, distributing them and explaining the texts, thus making all to hear an extra sermon, a real “ sunshiny” one too. At Christmas time we sent out requests to our Egyptian friends and they helped to give a treat to the poor. A tree was brought and trimmed and appropriate services were held in the chapel to which all came who possibly could, and were made very happy for an hour, after which gifts of shawls to the men and dresses to the women and girls, together with some toys for the tiny tots, were made; not one, from oldest to youngest, was left out. Oranges from the gardens of our kind friends served to give the flavor of festive times to each and all. The “ Sunshine Circle” and “King’s Daughters” of Pressly Memorial Institute were forward with their gifts of clothing which the girls had made, working for weeks before Christmas, and also with a sum of money collected for the hospital, many of the poor people giv­ ing their mites to help the suffering poor. These signs are encour­ aging, but better than all, special meetings for prayer are regu­ larly held in the school for the hospital. These meetings, organ­ ized by the girls themselves, will count for much as the days go by. The Rev. Benjamin Fam gave fifty Bibles and as many Tes­ taments and single Gospels with many tracts, most of which have been distributed among patients who begged for them, although many of them could not read but said that school boys or friends would read for them in their villages. Altogether there is cause for thanksgiving amidst the deplorable condition which still ob­ tains, so we press on in the hope of a better time to come. Pray earnestly, friends, that the Master may hasten it and thrust in workers to His great harvest. Toward the support of all these patients the funds are raised by our physicians’ services outside the hospital and charges for operations done in the hospital, fees from patients who are able to pay something toward their expenses in the hospital, donations from home societies, and contributions of native friends who oc­ casionally give a thankoffering upon the recovery of a dear one as they are moved to give to the Lord. The permanent funds are as follows: Henry Memorial, Eliza J. Dales Memorial, Dwight Henry Foster Memorial, Helen M. Gould Endowment, Severance En­ dowment. The following beds are supported from year to year at the Egypt—Medical Work. 119 rate of $60.00 per year: McKinley Bed, Wallace Kidd Bed, Love Links, 7th U. P. L. M. S., Philadelphia. The hospital thus commemorates its fifteenth anniversary, beginning a new year entirely dependent upon the “ Good Hand of our Lord,” like Nehemiah fearing no foe while there remains to us the assurance, “ The Lord will provide.”

MEDICAL WORK AT TANTA.

BY MISS ANNA B. WATSON, M.D. STATISTICAL SUMMARY. Number of physicians—Female ...... 2 Number of nurses—Female (native, 5; foreign, 4)...... 9 Number of house visits ...... 649 Village visits ...... ; ----- 62 Villages visited ...... 16 Number of clinic patients treated in clinics ...... 14,909 Operations in clinic ...... 81 Number of patients in hospital—Women and children...... 503 Number of villages represented by patients in hospital...... 120 Religion of patients in hospital— Copts ...... 73 Moslems ...... 3 11 Protestants ...... 71 Catholics ...... 44 Others ...... 4 ------■ 503 Number of operations ...... 150 Receipts— Medical practice ...... $1,170 Hospital fees ...... 3,080 Sales of drugs, etc., clinic...... 855 $5,io5 Donations from Egyptians $125 $5,23° Number of clinic centers ...... 1 Name of clinic center—Tanta.

The year 19 11 has been a year of effort not for the poor sick bodies alone, but also for the sin-sick souls. “It is required in stewards that a man be found faithful.” Faithfully the Word has been preached, in season and out of season. Many have eagerly listened, others have turned away, desiring not to hear. A clinic patient declared that the infidel teaching of the evan­ gelist would destroy the clinic, but the evangelist continues to teach and the clinic to thrive. A Moslem, who was in the habit of becoming very angry with his wife and children, listened to a dis­ course on “love one another.” He was very much impressed, and went home determined to practice what he had heard. When his wife annoyed him, he kept quiet, and did not answer back. This gave him great comfoft in the home, and he is happy from what he has learned of the teachings of Christ. 120' Egypt—Medical Work.

A poor old woman in the clinic was much touched by the les­ son on sin, and God’s love in providing a Deliverer from sin. Although very poor and unable to read, she paid five cents for a copy of the Gospel and said, “ I’ll find someone to read it to me.” The evangelist has gone from city to city, from village to vil­ lage, everywhere, teaching and distributing the Word. He has sold Bibles and distributed thousands of tracts and leaflets. Do pray that the Adversary may not snatch away the good seed sown.

TANTA HOSPITAL.

The year past has shown a steady growth, not only in the number of patients admitted and treated in the hospital and out­ side, but in influence and confidence established among the peo­ ple. More and more the fear and dread of a hospital is being overcome, and the people are becoming willing to come to the hos­ pital, rather than insisting that the doctor should see them in their homes. In that way the doctor is able to reach more people and to do better work for them. The number of patients admitted to the hospital tells only a part of the actual work, for these 503 patients represent 11,010 days of hospital service, of which 4,081 were pay days, and 6,929 free days; so that more than half of the work was absolutely free for the sake of the poor. The average cost per day for each pa­ tient was 88 2-3 cents. In this average is included the total ex­ penses for every department of work connected with the hospital, excepting only the salaries of the missionary doctors. From dona­ tions, funds have been collected which will provide for the build­ ing of the much-needed verandas on the north side of the two wards. Among the patients who have come and gone, have been many who have learned much of better ways of living, and of a higher and better life in Christ Jesus. The children are quick to respond to the teaching of the Bible woman and evangelist, and some have committed to memory many Psalms and portions of Scripture. Three Moslem boys have stored in their memories many verses that present clearly the way of salvation. One boy, who was with us for two weeks only, is a pupil in one of the village mission schools, where he has been taught faithfully. He took home with him the list of Scripture passages to be memorized in order to gain the Helen Gould prize of a large, well-bound Bible, which he is determined to secure. Mohammed, a boy of. fourteen, who has been some months at the hospital, and who is a cripple because of tubercular disease of the bones in one leg and foot, is very greatly interested in the teachings he has received, and has a good knowledge of the prin­ ciples of Christianity. He has almost completed memorizing the I NATIVI? 15VANGI5I,|STS, Nl'RSKS, AND HELPERS OF ASSH'T HOSPITAL. Egypt—Medical Work. 121

required Scripture for the Helen Gould Bible, and is very anxious to secure the book. His father is very poor, and for more than a year the boy had earned his living by reading and reciting the Koran, at funerals. We are praying that the inspired words of the Bible may take the place in his mind of the teachings of the Koran, and that Christ, instead of the false prophet, may reign in his heart. Every year shows more and more clearly the need of greater and more aggressive evangelistic work. The Medical Work has opened many more doors in both Moslem and Coptic homes than we have yet been able to enter for regular Christian teaching, be­ cause of the insufficient number of workers. The missionary doctor does her work, and hurries on to other patients and new homes, and there is no one to emphasize the word she has spoken, or to continue the good influences which she has begun. How much more might be accomplished for Christ if a missionary, whose whole time could be given to evangelistic work, could be stationed at Tanta Hospital to visit and teach in the homes to which access has been secured through the healing art of the doctor. We are praying that the coming year may see such a worker sent to us. The medical staff for the past year has been wholly made- quate to the demands of the work. In August, Dr. Alice E. John­ son came for a term of two years only. The furlough of Dr. Anna B. Watson falling due in the spring of 1912, leaves the hospital with only one doctor and no missionary. Surely, in all the Church in America there must be some woman physician who will be will­ ing to give her life for the women and children of Egypt, who need her so sadly. BENHA CLINIC.

BY DR. ANNA B. WATSON.

This clinic has been closed more than half the year, but since the first of September Dr. Alice E. Johnson, of Tanta, has visited it twice every week, treated four hundred patients in four months, and performed four operations.

FAIYUM MEDICAL WORK. i BY D. L. ASKREN, M.D. *

In writing a report of the work this year I shall not give any statistics but will simply deal with generalities. My reason for so doing is that three months of the year were passed in an attempt to start practice in Alexandria.

. *Dr. Askren conducts a private practice but works in co-operation with the Mission in accordance with an agreement between him and the Mission. 122 Egypt—Medical Work.

The first six months of the year were very similar to other years in all particulars, but about July 15th we moved to Alex­ andria. The reasons which prompted this change were three: first, our health, which we hoped would be benefited by the sea air, but the reverse proved the case in all particulars; second, the better educational advantages for the children obtainable in a large city; third, dissatisfaction with the facilities for handling the pa­ tients who are treated in the clinic, without a properly trained European nurse and better hospital facilities. This condition re­ mains the same as before, except that since my return I have ob­ tained a more satisfactory house, with a somewhat better arrange­ ment of rooms, and have also secured a much more efficient na­ tive nurse, who knows something about properly caring for pa­ tients ; but even so it is almost an impossibility to properly care for the many grievously ill who come for treatment. We thank the Lord for the blessings He is bestowing upon us, in curing so many of those who pass under our hands ; and we are continually trying to teach our patients that the benefits they re­ ceive come from Him alone. To return to the Alexandria experience for a moment, the work there during the three months of the summer was satisfac­ tory and encouraging in many respects, t>ut clearly demonstrated that to establish the work on a permanent footing would require at least one year, perhaps two, and would require a financial ex­ penditure which we were not prepared to meet. So as my old patients in the Faiyum were continually pressing us to return, we decided to take up the work again in the Faiyum the first of Oc­ tober. This experiment showed the great need of an American doc­ tor to look after our own people, both American and Egyptian. The free clinic in Haret el-Yahud district was most satisfactory from a charitable standpoint, but not from the standpoint of a person making his daily bread from his work. The poverty of that quarter of Alexandria is very severe and particularly so among the Jews who are even worse off, if possible, than in the tenement districts of our large American cities. During the short time I held the clinic, I became much attached to the work and regretted very much to leave it, but felt it was better to return to the Faiyum. Since our return we have all improved very much in health. The medical practice has been the heaviest we have ever had, and it is also the first winter that we have had patients in the clinic the entire season. From a financial standpoint the work has been more than satisfactory; and it seems that the Lord is restoring to us the money spent in the Alexandria experiment. We ask you to remember us in your prayers that the work may receive a fuller blessing of God’s goodness. Egypt—Medical Work. 123

MEDICAL WORK ON THE “ALLEGHENY.”

BY DR. A. W. POLLOCK

STATISTICAL SUMMARY. Days of work in 1 9 1 1 ...... 54 Physicians ...... I Clinic patients: Moslems ...... 1,102 Others ...... 148 1,250 Operations ...... 12 Towns and villages visited ...... 20 Income—Fees and medicines ...... $210

For the first time the work of the Allegheny is now formally reported and here the Medical -Work will only be touched upon as the Evangelistic Work will be referred to in the Evangelistic Re­ port. The amount of time spent by missionaries in this new work during 19 11 was not much. The Allegheny was not dedicated until January 15th, 19 11, and it was not until February 15th that arrangements were completed for a beginning of the work. On this date the Allegheny with the Rev. and Mrs. Hart, and Dr. and Mrs. Pollock as workers, left Cairo and entered the Tau- fiqi canal for a trial trip. Eighteen days were consumed on this journey and stops were made between Bishla on the Mansurieh canal and Faraskur on the Damietta branch of the Nile. During this time ten clinics were held and calls were made at ten differ­ ent towns. This does not mean that at each of the ten towns a one day clinic was held, for at some of the places only short visits were m^de to advertise the work for the future. In the few days spent on the trial trip a hearty welcome was met with at nearly every town and village, and we were urged to stay as long as possible. Large numbers came to the clinics and great need of medical work was found everywhere. Towns with the population reported as high as 10,000 were found without a physician. On this trip the method of free examination for the poor, with a nominal charge for medicine was tried. It was found, how­ ever, that almost without exception those who presented them­ selves for examination, claimed to be the poorest of the poor, and no one found any difficulty in producing a cloud of witnesses who would willingly testify to the fact ( ?). While this method was in operation the patient list at the daily clinic was very large, but it was soon found out that those who passed through the clinic mill vastly outnumbered those who bought medicines afterward. Thus many who really did not care enough for their bodies to spend even a piaster (five cents) for medicines, not only took up time that might have been devoted to 124 Egypt—Medical Work. those who were anxious for help, but also used up missionary pa­ tience, zeal, and energy. This year a small fee is required from all, unless they bring proof of their inability to pay, or their poverty seems too self- evident to need proof. This, of course, cuts down the total num­ ber of cases examined, but it does not keep the people from hear­ ing the Gospel, for we can truthfully say that the actual figures do not in any wa}^ convey an idea of those who gather at the tent daily, some, friends or relatives of the patients, others, those who have come to see or hear some new thing. Owing to scarcity of laborers in another part of the field, the work on the Allegheny was not resumed after the winter meeting of the Association, so the boat lay idle at Monsurah from March 4th till October 20th. The Rev. W. L. McClenahan, who had been appointed evangelistic secretary for the Delta and special evangelist of the Allegheny having now arrived from America, the Delta Boat left Monsurah for her second trip. The route followed was southward by the D'amietta branch of the Nile as far as Mit Ghamr and Zifta. This direction was taken because at this time of the year only is the river navigable between these two points. Stops were made at Mit Assas, Sama- nud, Bena, Abu Sir, Mit Damsis and Dagados. From the Zifta barrage the Abbassi canal was followed to Mit el-Mukhlis, where the Abbassi joins the Shabin canal. Here and at Santa and Gafferia work was carried on. At the last named place we remained until the closing of the canal for its annual dredging, caused us to hurry above the Delta barrage to avoid being stranded for two months or more. It was with great regret that we left Gafferia for the work was increasing daily, the curses of the first few days having been replaced by expressions of kindness, and evident distrust, by con­ fidence. The combined time of these two trips of the Allegheny was so short that after deducting the time consumed by moving, set­ ting up tents, calling on officials, etc., there remained only fifty- four days on which clinics were held during 19 11. On these days some 1,250 patients were treated, all but 148 of whom were Mohammedans. On the first trip such short stops were made— at some places only a day or so—that it was impossible to do any operative work, although scores of patients needed surgical relief and were anxious for it. On the second journey, however, longer stops were made and such operations as were possible were performed in the little 7 x 7 tent, whose roof was so low that the doctor himself often acted as the center pole. During the fall the Turkish-Italian war had some deleterious effect upon the work and ridiculous stories of an Italian doctor who was in the secret employ of the Italian Egypt—Medical Work. 125

Government upon the special mission to poison Mohammedans, were frequently circulated about us. However, on the whole, hopes have more than been realized, and a more ready hearing than was looked 'for was found for the Gospel message. The workers anxiously look forward to the time when the places already touched may be visited again. So often have the poor people been duped by unprincipled quacks who have passed their way but once, collecting fabulous sums for worthless remedies, that their confidence can only be gained by a second visit, which seems to assure them that the missionary is really wanting to help them. Will not all who read this join in earnest prayer that the Allegheny may be used greatly in bringing the double cure to thousands of the needy in the great Nile Delta. SUMMARY OF MEDICAL STATISTICS, 1911

-, HOSPITAL ------CLINIC PATIENTS. MEDICAL PATIENTS. OUTSIDE PATIENTS. TOTAL PATIENTS.

STATIONS tA Work. Egypt—Medical AND DISTRICTS. Physician: Nurses. Moslems. TOTAL Others. Moslems. Others. TOTAL Moslems. Others. TOTAL Moslems. Others. TOTAL Operations. Income. Assiut District 5 16 1018 1781 2799 12470 15464 27934 16482 T/IOCT 30733 1057 $19885 Tanta D istrict...... 2 9 311 192 11928 2981 S03 14909 3173 15412 231 5105 ♦Faiyum District ... i 3 56 114 170 1668 1961 3629 T7 OA ^ U7 5 3799 216 Delta Boat, Allegheny i 0 1 102 148 I250 t ^Q __ 1 102 140 1250 12 210 Total ...... 9 28 1385 2087 3472 30162 17560 47722 3I547 19647 5 1516 $25200 ;------1 194 ^Estimated for 1911. Egypt—Stations of Missionaries. 1 27

AMERICAN MISSIONARIES AND OTHER (European) WORKERS

ON THE FIELD DECEMBER 31st, 1911. A LEX A N D RIA :—;C. A. Wilson, Esq., and w ife; Rev. J. H. Boyd and w ife; Rev. F. D. Henderson and w ife; Miss L. J. McDowell, Miss Loretta Mitchell, Miss Leota Cabeen, Miss Eula McClenahan. Teachers, (short term) :—Miss Graham, Mr. Park. TAN TA:—Rev. J. Kruidenier, D.D., and wife; Rev. W. R. Coventry; A. W. Pollock, M.D., and wife; Miss Anna B. Watson, M.D., Miss Carol McMillan, Miss Smith. Physician, (short term) :—Dr. Alice Johnson. Nurses, (short term) :—Misses Harvey, Robertson, Sill, Reid. Evangelist and Superintendent of Orphanage, Kalyub:—Rev. P. J. Pennings. MONSURAH':—Rev. A. A. Thompson and wife; Rev. W. L. McClenahan, Miss M. A. Bell. Teacher, (short term) :—Miss Paisley. ZAKAZIK:—Rev. S. G. Hart and wife; Miss Elsie French, Rev. R. W. Caldwell and wife. BEN H A:—Rev. S. A. Work and wife; Miss L. J. Pieken. CAIRO:—Rev. Andrew Watson, D.D., LL.D., and wife; Rev. John Giffen, D.D., and wife; Rev. Neal D. McClanahan and wife; Rev. Mark S. Roy .and wife; Rev. James G. Hunt, D.D., and wife; F. S. Hoy- man, Esq.; Miss A. Y. Thompson, Miss Roxy Martin, Miss L. D. Walker, Miss Mary Kerr, Miss E. O. Kyle, Miss A. B. Atchison, Miss Ella Barnes, Miss M. A. Paden. Teachers, (short term) .-Boys’ College—Rev. Mr. Pollock. Girls’ College—Misses Austin, Lafferty, Flennikin, Young, Breckenridge, Gilkerson, Hutchinson and Mrs. Hobart. Ezbakiyah Girls’—Misses Pugh, Caldwell, Edna Giffen. MADINET el-FAIYUM :— Medical Assistant in cooperation:—Dr. D. L. Askren and wife. BENI SU E F :—Rev. W. H. Reed and wife; Rev. C. C. Adams and wife; Miss Helen Ferrier. A SSIU T :—Rev. J. R. Alexander, D.D., and wife; Rev. F. S. Thompson and wife; Prof. R. S. McClenahan and wife; Prof. C. P. Russell and wife; Prof. C. S. Bell and wife; Prof. W. W. Hickman and wife; A. F. Grant, M.D., and wife; L. M. Henry, M.D., and wife; H. L. Finley, M.D., and wife; W. T. Moore, M.D., and wife; Miss E. D. Teas, Miss E. L. Corkey; Miss Anna B. Criswell, Miss R. O. Williams Teachers, (short term) :— College:—Misses Whiteside, Hamilton, Stewart, Sjogren. Messrs. Camp, McFeeters, Gordon, Graham, Elli­ ott. Pressly Institute:—Misses Hobbs, Caws, Robertson, Wal­ lace, Corkey. 128' Egypt—Stations of Missionaries.

Matrons, (short term) :— College:—Misses Dinsmore, Hartman, Bennett. Pressly Institute:—Miss Thompson. Nurses, (short term) :— Hospital:—Misses Minteer, Hilda Caws (druggist), Dora Caws, Van der Molen, McMinn, Cookson, de Vries, Humphrey, Fountain, Hohage, Mrs. James. Physician, (short term) :— Hospital:—Dr. Aziz Ibrahim. LU XO R:—Rev. H. E. Philips, Ph.D., and wife; Miss Carrie M. Buchanan. Teachers, (short term) :— Girls’ School:—Misses Downie, Black, Mrs. Crooks.

SUMMARY. M ISSIO N ARIES:—Men: Ordained ...... 19 College Professors ...... 4 Business men ...... 2 Physicians...... 5 30 Women : Married ...... 27 Unmarried ...... 21 Physicians ...... 1 Nurses ...... 2 24 51 81 T E A C H ER S,, (short term): Men ...... 7 Women ...... 24 31 MATRONS, “ “ Women ...... 4 PH YSICIA N S “ “ Men ...... 2 Women ...... 1 3 NURSES, “ “ Women ...... 16 EVANGELIST and ORPHANAGE SUPERINTEN­ D EN T: Man ..— ...... 1 55 136 Egypt—Summary of Statistics. 129

SUMMARY OF STATISTICS, EGYPT, 1911

BY THE REV. J. R. ALEXANDER, D.D.

I. WORKERS. FOREIGN—No. of Ordained Missionaries on Field, December 31st ...... 19 “ Married Women ...... 27 “ Unmarried Women ...... 21 - 48 “ Missionary College Professors 4 “ Missionary Laymen (Business Agent and Builder) ...... 2 “ Medical Missionaries (men 5, women 1) ----- 6 “ Missionary Nurses ------2 81 “ Missionary Instructors, (3 years) (men 7, women 24) ...... - 31 “ Matrons (College 3, Institute 1) .. 4 “ Assistant Missionary Physicians men 2, women 1) ...... 3 “ Assistant Missionary Physician’s wife (Mrs. Askren) ...... 1 “ Assistant Missionary Nurses (3 years)—European 10, Ameri­ can 5 ...... 15 “ Assistant Evangelist and Orphan­ age Superintendent ...... I 55 Total Foreign Workers ...... 136 EGYPTIAN—No. of Ordained Ministers, (1 in Su- dan) ...... - j52 ft Licentiates ...... -i 1 it Theologues ...... 15 tt Other Presbyterial Workers ...... 7 95 ft Harem Workers (men 2, women 35) ...... ---- 37 tt Shopmen 10, Colporteurs 36 ...... 46 it School Teachers (men 332, wo- men 177) ...... 509 (Protestants 400, others 109) — 592 Total Native Workers...... 687 823 Total Workers, Foreign and Egyp­ tian, on field, December 31st: Protestant, Foreign ...... 136 Protestant, Egyptian...... 578 — 714 Others (Moslems, Copts, etc. 109 13 ° Egypt—Summary of Statistics.

II. WORK. I. SYNODICAL AND PRESBYTERIAL (INCLUDING SUDAN.) No. of Synods (Synod of the Nile: Mediterranean Sea to Sobat River and onwards) _____ I “ Presbyteries* ...... 5 “ Ministers— (a) EgyptianPastors ...... 53 (b) Egyptians without charge...... 9 — — 62 (C) Americans, without charge— In E gypt...... 22 In Sudan...... 5 Stated Supply, Egypt ...... 1 — 28 — 90 “ Licentiates ...... II “ Theologues ...... 15 “ Lay Preachers ...... 7 — 33 123 “ Ministers installed during the year ...... 4 “ Ministers ordained during the year ...... 4 “ f Ministers received from other denominations during year...... I “ Students licensed during the year ...... 6 “ Students received during the year ...... 4 “ Congregations organized during the year ... 1 2. CONGREGATIONAL—EGYPT. No. of Stations and Congregations in Egypt ...... 273 “ Organized Congregations ...... 76 “ Other places where services are held or Sabbath Schools, or schools, etc ...... 197 273 “ Evangelistic Circuits ...... no “ Pastoral Charges ...... 73 “ Congregations and Stations in Pastoral Charges .... 85 “ Congregations and Stations served by supplies, licentiates, theologues, teachers, and others 188 273 Membership in Egypt— Men ...... 5,911 Women ...... 5,553 TI>464 IncreaseT (19/ 11)— -v ----- By Profession ...... 637 By Certificate...... 138 Decrease O 911)— ^ By Removal ...... 367 By Death...... 144 5ii Net Increase (1911) ...... ■ 264 * Presbytery of the Sudan, organized March 21, 1912; formed out of the Presbytery of Thebes; northern boundary, Wadi Haifa. f The Rev. P. J. Pennings,' from Notre Dame Presbytery, Church of Holland, August 2, 1911. Egypt—Summary of Statistics. 13 1

No. of Attendants, Sabbath Morning, average, in Egypt 22,965 “ Protestant Community (estimated), in Egypt ...... 33,000 “ Baptisms— Adults (Moslems, 7) ...... 7 Infants (Moslem, 1) ...... 827 834 “ Buildings (places having buildings) ...... 90 Amount spent by Egyptians on Church Buildings, 19x1 ...... $13,031 Amount paid by Mission on Church Buildings, 1911 ...... Nothing Salaries paid by people to Pastors and other Presbyterial Workers ...... $21,787 No. of Self-Supporting Churches ...... 25 Contributions of Churches in Egypt, 1911 : (1) For Churches and Congregations: Salaries (about 72 per cent, of totalsalaries) $21,787 Buildings, (self-supporting) ...... 13,031 Congregational Expenses, (self-supporting) 4,681 $39,499 (2) For Hbme Sustentation Effort: Help to Weak Congregations ...... $3,484 Hfelp to Pastoral Schools (self-sup­ porting) ...... 1,887 Sabbath School Leaflet (self-sup­ porting) ...... 632 $6,003 Ministerial Relief (self-supporting).. $346 Poor and Orphanage (self-support­ ing) ...... 4,762 Synod’s Fund (self-supporting) ...... 206 $5,314 — $ n ,3i 7 (3) For Missionary Effort: In the Sudan (self-supporting) ..... $724 Among Moslems in Egypt ...... 233 Among Women in Egypt...... 854 $1,811

Total Contributions for all Religious Purposes in Egypt ...... ;...... $52,627 Total Amount received from America for Church in Egypt including $75 special for Ministerial Relief ...... $8,075 Egypt 86 2-3 per cent. ; America 13 1-3 per cent. 3. SABBATH SCHOOLS IN EGYPT.

No. of Sabbath Schools ...... 202 “ Pupils in Sabbath Schools : Men ...... -—-...... 4,855 Women ...... -...... ?...... 3,196 8,051 Boys ...... -...... — ...... 5,666 Girls ...... 3,089 8,755 16,806 I32 Egypt—Summary of Statistics.

No. Officers and Teachers in Sabbath Schools : Men ...... 373 Women ...... 162 535 Total Scholars, Officers and Teachers 17,341 Cost of Leaflet paid from Sabbath School Contribu- , • tions ...... $720 Contributions of Sabbath Schools (included in church contributions) ...... 2.952 Sabbath School Paper (Negm el-Meshrick) copies, weekly ...... 1,500 Sabbath School Leaflet, copies distributed weekly...... 11,700 4. WORK FOR WOMEN IN EGYPT. General : No of places where Women attend the regular Sabbath Services ...... 231 Attendance at Sabbath Services: Women ...... 6,474 Girls ...... 2,478 8.952 No. of Women and Girl Communicants, December 31, 1911 5,553 Special : * No. of Special Workers in homes (harems) : Men ...... 2 Women ...... ’35 37 No. of Women receiving instruction in homes (harems) ...... 4,188 Regular pupils in homes: Protestants ...... 1,319 Copts...... 2,407 Mohammedans ...... 291 Jewesses and others...... 171 4,188 Irregular Hearers in homes (about two-thirds of Regular Pupils) ...... 2,792 Total number of Women being taught in their homes ...... 6,980 Attendance at Special Prayer-meetings for Women : Women ...... 3,282 Girls ...... 2,811 6,093 No. of Schools for Girls and Young Women alone.... 43 “ Girls attending Girls’ Schools ...... 5,364 “ Women and Girls under influence of Gospel, about ...... 15,000 Women’s Societies : Presbyterial Societies ...... 3 Missionary Societies and Girls’ Missionary Societies...... 35 38 Members of Missionary Societies: Women ...... 1,027 Juniors, girls...... 1,277 2,304 ♦Copied from last year’s Report. Egypt—Summary of Statistics. 133

Contributions, Women’s and Junior Missionary So­ cieties (included in church and congregational contributions) ...... $i,457

5. SCHOOLS IN EGYPT. No. of Schools: Girls ...... 43 Boys ...... 154 197 No. of Teachers: Women...... 1 77 Men ...... 332 509 Protestants ...... 400 O thers ...... 109 509 No. of Pupils: Girls ...... 5.364 Boys ...... n ,992 17,356 No. of Schoolsunder direct care of Mission...... 28 “ In Out-stations under care of Synod...... 169 197 Special Schools: Boarders. Day Scholars. Total. Theological Seminary, Cairo 17 17 College—Assiut Training College 783 132 915 AssiutPressly Institute (Girls) .... 166 949 154 286 320 1,235 Cairo (Girls) ...... 69 251 320 Luxor (Girls) ...... 74 171 245 Fowler Orphanage (Girls) .. 45 85 130 Ezbakiyah, Cairo (Girls) ..... 87 218 305 Tanta (Girls) ...... 18 215 233 Total Special Schools (8) 1,259 1,226 2,485 Central Station Schools—including Special Schools: Schools. Pupils. Boys ...... 9 2,629 Girls ...... 19 28 3,758 6,387 Preparatory and Elementary Schools: Boys ...... 145 9,oi7 Girls ...... 24 169 1,952 10,969

Total Schools...... 197 Total Pupils...... 17,356 Religion of Pupils: Protestants: Boys ...... 3,116 Girls ...... 1,222 4,338 Copts: Boys ...... 6,396 Girls ...... 2,795 9,i9i 134 Egypt—Summary of Statistics.

Moslems: Boys ...... 2,090 Girls ...... 814 2,904 Others : Boys ...... 390 Girls ...... 533 923 17,356 Nationality of Pupils: Egyptians ...... 16,342 Others...... 1,014 17,356 School Finances: Paid by People of Egypt: Tuition Fees...... $59,677 Boarding Fees (Colleges and Girls’ Boarding Schools) ...... 35,485 Subsidy towards self-support by Egyptians 15,933 $111,095 Paid from Endowments, Donations, Miscellaneous, etc., through Mission...... 10,318 Paid by Mission Treasury only...... 37,269 Total cost of 197 Schools in Egypt...... $158,682 Church in America, about.... 23^ per cent. People in Egypt, about 70 per cent. Other Sources, about ...... 6y2 76^ per cent. ----- 100 per cent.

6. BOOK DEPARTMENT. Scriptures Distributed: Volumes. Receipts. - 14,374 $802 - 35,99i 3,609 General Distribution: - 50,365 $4,411 ... 14,562 2,768 ... 32,682 • 5,332

... 97,609 $12,511 Stationery sold 2,103

... 97,609 $14,614 7. MEDICAL WORK. No. of Physicians (men, 5; women, 1) ...... 6 “ Assistant Physicians (men, 2; women, 1) ...... 3 9 “ Nurses (missionary) ...... 2 “ Foreign Assistant Nurses (American, 5; European, xo) 15 “ Egyptian Assistant Nurses ...... 11 28 “ House visits ...... 4,249 “ Village visits ...... 137 “ Villages visited ...... 61 Egypt— Summary of Statistics. 135

No. of Clinic cases treated ...... 47,722 “ Operations performed ...... 1,516 “ Hospitals ...... 3 “ Patients in Hospitals ...... 3,472 Receipts, Physicians’ and Hospital Fees ...... $25,200

III. FINANCIAL SUMMARY. Received from native sources in the work of the various departments of evangelistic effort as carried on by the American Mission and the Na­ tive Protestant Church in Egypt during 1911. (a) Evangelistic, Congregational, Sabbath School,Harem, etc $52,627 (b) Educational, including College and all Schools ...... 111,095 (c) Book Department ...... 14,614 (d) Medical Department ...... 25,200 Total receipts from Egyptian sources ...... $203,536 Appropriated by General Assembly and Women’s Board, May, 1911, for 1911-1912 ...... $134,222

For every dollar sent by America, Egypt gave a dollar and thirty cents.

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boo* D E R T Population, nearly 10,000,000 o ro sk ô C Ibrahim Towns marked thus t, mission stations Beale of Miles.

Lougitude £ast 35 £.F.Flik. Kn*t., N T. THE

56th Annual Report

OF THE

American United Presbyterian Mission

IN

INDIA

FOR THE YEAR 1911 India—Introduction. 139

INTRODUCTION

BY THE EDITING COMMITTEE.

As in 1910 the Mission has lost heavily by death. Early in the year Miss Emma Scott, whom we had hoped to welcome to India in the near future, was called to her reward, and in Sep­ tember the Rev. W. J. Brandon, Ph. D., under whom the Chris­ tian community in P'asrur had developed rapidly, and from whose energetic and able leadership the Indian Church expected in­ creased blessing as he advanced in years, passed suddenly to his reward after an exceptionally busy week. As the year was clos­ ing, the Rev. D. R. 'Gordon and family were compelled to leave in haste for Afmerica, to secure expert treatment which may pre­ serve the rapidly failing eyesight of Mrs. Gordon. The reen'forcements received 'have been: Miss Winifred Heston, M. D., Miss S. A. Howell, who has come to the Good Samaritan Hospital for three years, R. R. Stewart, who has come to teach in the College for three years, the Rev. R. E. Ayers, the Rev. A. M. Laing, the Rev. H. J. Stewart, and Misses Dora B. Whitely and Violet Scott; those returning from furlough, the Rev. and Mrs. W. B. Anderson, the Rev. and Mrs. W. M. McKelvey, and Misses L. A. McConnell, A. M. Hamilton, and A. L. Cleland. The coming of these friends has led us to thank God and take courage. The work remains undermanned. This has been taken advantage of by the Roman Catholics and some who seem to think godliness a way of gain, to make an effort to lead astray some of the untaught villagers. Where the people have been supplied with spirit-filled pastors or well-qualified teachers, they have stood firm, and in several cases where whole villages seemed ready to believe the extravagant promises of the deceivers they have returned to those who first taught them the Word of Life. The success of these false teachers, however, has brought out more plainly the urgent need of more missionaries and other in­ structors, that “ those who are just escaping from them that live in error” may be taught the truth which shall make them free. Multitudes are pressing into the church. The number of 140 India—Introduction. adults baptized was 2,373 an^ the net increase in membership 3,005. The contributions to church work have increased by 14 per cent, and in many places the Christians have shown commendable zeal in teaching those who wish to know the way of God more perfectly. The number of self-supporting congre­ gations has increased from 28 to 33, but on account of the lack of funds some schools have been closed, and the number of Christian children in school has decreased. The condition of the multitudes still out of Christ, the ignorance of many who have joined the church and the ease with which they are led off by false teachers, and the rapid progress made by those who have pastors and teachers, call loudly to the Church to increase her offerings of men and money and prayer to the Father Who has committed to her this work, that His purpose may be fulfilled. REV. W. J. BRANDON, PH. D. India—In Memoriam. 141

IN MEMORIAM TOje Set). g>illmm Jotm Jirantion, |ili.23.

BY THE REV. J. W. BALLANTYNE.

Born in Connoquenessing, Pennsylvania, March the third, 1874. Arrived in the Mission Field, October the twenty-second, 1900. Died in Pasrur, September the twenty-fourth, 1911.

T h e announcement of Dr. Brandon’s death on that Sabbath morning1, September the twenty-fourth, came with such a shock as perhaps had not been felt in our Mission history, a shock not more because of the suddenness of his death than because of the sense of the overwhelming loss to us. Dr. Brandon dead? His buoyant spirit, his boundless energy, his resourcefulness and initiative, 'his fine training and consecration, his agreeable per­ sonality, all gone out in a moment? We could only say, “ The Lord gave and the Lord hath taken away, blessed be the name of the Lord.” When Mr. Brandon came to India, he was not thought to be out of the ordinary. Gradually his qualities unfolded and his achievements commanded universal admiration; and for his amiability, we all loved him. Among the traits which perhaps made him the marvel of us all were his powers of concentration and his application. He once told the writer that having been told by a professor in college that one should acquire the habit of taking in fully at one reading whole pages of a lesson, he had set himself the task of acquiring that habit. “ It was nearly three months,” he said, “before I could be sure of a lesson in one reading.” This one instance illustrates the spirit of the man, and accounts in part for his success. His first achievement on the mission field was the mastery of the Punjabi language. Except for an alert mind and a set purpose, he manifested no special linguistic abilities, but the use to which he put these became the admiration of us all. Punjabi vocabulary and idiom became his obedient servants. He set himself to know the Indian people. He read their books and studied their customs and associated intimately with them. He bore with them and debated with them, meantime gaining their view point and mode of thought and when he found points of attack, he was most effective and original in pressing home to them the Gospel. After a visit to Benares, he would frequently approach educated Hindus, asking them if they had ever been there. On receiving an affirmative reply, he would ask, “And do you stand for all that is done there?” , and looking his 142 India—In Memoriatn. man squarely in the face, would press for an answer, which was usually to the effect that they could not take their wives and daughters there. “ But,” he would say, “ some men’s wives go there in multitudes/’ and would presently have the man at his mercy. In conversation with Hindus and Mohammedans he was always courteous and with his intimate knowledge of their cus­ toms and literature, could deal with them without making them angry. But it was with the illiterate village community, that he was at his best. He was there the accomplished minister of the Gospel. He was one of a commission of Presbytery to deal with eleven of our families who had been suspended for idolatrous practices, and meeting with them one hot June night about ten o’clock, these families were found to be not only vexed at thus ■being disturbed, but manifested no great concern about being restored. The outcome of the meeting seemed very doubtful. Dr. Brandon began with an exposition of a part of the first chap­ ter of Paul's Epistle to the Colossians. Who else would have at­ tempted such a study under such circumstances! He talked per­ haps an hour showing forth the excellencies of Christ and his re­ lation to the Church, when a feeble old man picked up his staff saying, “ I ’ll go and bring Shadi, and we will all ask pardon and be restored to the church tonight.” It was the fluent Punjabi tongue, the apt story and telling application of the lesson with an abounding good humor that was used of the Spirit that night to bring 'home conviction and repentance to as unpromising a crowd as one is apt to find. When Dr. Brandon was reassigned to the Pasrur District on his return from furlough, he was wont to say, “ I see before me several thousand Christians claiming my undivided time. These are hundreds of enquirers demanding more attention than I could give were I to devote myself to them alone; and when I see the great Mohammedan and Hindu community beginning to show an interest in the Gospel, would I could give my undivided time to them.” Yet facing this threefold task, he set about organizing his forces and setting under way comprehensive and far-reaching measures with a view to meeting, to the fullest extent possible, the need and opportunity. He furnished 'himself with every needful weapon, then set himself to train his workers to see and do as he saw and did. He was a shepherd who went before the sheep. They followed him loyally and caught much of his spirit and zeal. Dr. Brandon 'had a very agreeable personality. What a privilege it was to be with him! The 'hearty laugh, the flash of wit, and the attentive ear endeared him to us all. The last mentioned trait was also a distinguishing one. He was a splendid listener. It repays the effort to recall him in the attitude of listening, either to a discourse, or in a personal interview. In the alert, discriminating ear and deferential bearing, we see in India—In Memoriam. 143- him the scholar and the gentleman. No matter how busily- engaged, 'he showed no annoyance when interrupted, but with grace and deference made it his first concern to give heed to what one had to say and to render service when possible. He was also a man of God. The fact was not obtruded, yet his deep piety was clearly recognized by those who knew him intimately. His Bible was to him a treasury. God in Provi­ dence was to him very real. He delighted to trace the hand of God in affairs. He meditated much on the great truths of the Bible. His mind had a philosophical turn and he studied deeply into the underlying laws of God, and the whole aim of his life was to serve God. It would be incorrect to say that Dr. Brandon was without failings. He was as human as the rest of us. There were times when he perhaps erred in judgment. There were times also when it would seem that he had not fully assimilated the masses of material he 'had gathered, and undue attention to details hampered somewhat his freedom. Yet he was constantly rising above details and ever growing, and on the whole was well rounded and well poised. He went down in the thickest of the fight—brave, heroic, and energetic to the last. The fact that on the last evening of his life, after returning from the mela, tir^ , the deadly disease having him already in its grip, and evening prayers being over, he read two stories to- his son, Loyal, before sending him to bed, reveals another side of his life, as beautiful as it was tender. In this last parental act, there is a rich heritage to his loved ones. We thank God that He gave Dr. Brandon to us. The memory of him is an inspira­ tion and a benediction. itanapa

BY THE REV. H. S. NESBITT.

Born, about 1825. Baptized, November, 1866. Died, the thirteenth of May, 1911. T h e long and remarkable life of this noble saint closed beautifully one day in May. He was translated from earth to heaven according to his long expressed wish; and his faith, that had stood unshaken through so many severe trials, triumphed to the last. H!is name and the tale of his conversion have long been familiar in the households of our 'Church in America. The account of his acceptance of Christ and the consequent persecutions to which he was subjected by his non-Christian relatives, 'furnish as remarkable a story as any to be found in missionary annals. The narrati-ve is fully told in Dr. Andrew Gordon’s book, “ Our India Mission.” It was the writer’s privilege to know and be associated with . 144 India—In Memoriam. this faithful disciple and patriarchal saint during the closing years of his earthly pilgrimage, when though his bodily strength waned, yet his natural traits of mind and character continued undimmed and unabated. To the last he was a man of strength of character far beyond the ordinary. His indomitable will and courageous resolution, combined with his simple, unwavering faith in Christ, furnish us with the explanation of his dauntless stand in the midst of persecutions, more fiery than those to which thousands have succumbed. I believe his faith never once faltered, nor have I ever heard that it even became

WORK AMONG CHRISTIANS

ORGANIZED WORK

CONGREGATIONS.

W e note in several reports that the scarcity caused by drought last year has very materially affected the income of the pastors. In no case, so far as we have been informed, has a pastor deserted his post on account of failure to realize his full salary. The work of proselytizing has gone on in many districts. We realize more and more the difficulty of preventing the people from yielding to the inducements held out to them by disaffected and unprincipled leaders. The chief inducements offered from without to these leaders and those which in some cases have in­ fluenced them to yield, are larger salaries and freedom from supervision which affords them larger opportunities to impose upon the people. Persecution has had its place in the year’s experiences, and we praise God who enabled his servants to endure and remain faithful, even rejoicing, that this too worked toward the further­ ance of the Gospel. Gujranwala District reports the organization of one new circle. Two congregations have made out calls for pastors. It is hoped that one may soon have a pastor ordained and installed. One congregation has at the present time a settled pastor, and four others have stated supplies who obtain about one half their salaries from their respective congregations. Because of semi­ famine conditions but little progress has been made toward self- support this year. The Rev. Barkat Masih, pastor of Gujranwala City Congregation, reports an increase in numbers and a deepen­ ing in the spiritual life. Preaching services, Sabbath school, and mid-week prayer-meetings have been maintained. Peace has prevailed among the members and the pastor’s salary has been paid in full. The people living in the Dogra and Hansa wards of the city have been very indifferent, but in the surrounding villages good work has been done. Twelve families in Kho- kherki, a village in close proximity to the compound, have united with the church on profession of their faith. During the year, 46 infants and 48 adults were baptized. There are many inquir­ ers and there is great need of instruction both among them and the Christians. We request your prayers on our behalf. The three proposed organizations mentioned last year in the report of Gurdaspur District have been effected, bringing the 10 / 146 India— Work Among Christians. number up to six. Two other circles are working toward organi­ zation, one of which is to be completed in the spring, with a man from the Theological Training School as pastor. Gurdaspur City Congregation includes the city together with twelve adjacent villages. Special effort was made during the last five months of the year to secure a better attendance from the village members. A record was kept and those reaching the required number of attendances were invited to a dinner provided by the congrega­ tion. Twenty-five were admitted to the dinner. The congrega­ tion has been without a pastor since April. The pulpit was supplied for three months during the summer by a student from the Theological Seminary. Two families from the city have been baptized. We are especially pleased at this because they have heretofore seemed so hard and indifferent. Awankha is still cared for by the Rev. Aziz ul Haqq, one of our oldest min­ isters. He has great influence not only over his own people, but over all that part of the district. They enlarged and improved their church building last year making it a neat and comfortable house of worship. A number were baptized. There were nine deaths from plague from among his people. The Rev. Imam-ud- Din was installed as pastor over Tibbar Congregation soon after the Rev. Yusuf went to the home mission field. This congrega­ tion includes eight villages. There were 20 infant and 31 adult baptisms during the year. The pastor visited each of his vil­ lages weekly and held services with his people. The attendance was poor, especially on the part of the women. In Tibbar itself they did much better. An effort was made to teach the people Old Testament stories, the Parables, Miracles, and the Cum­ mings’s Catechism. The session is making special efforts to se­ cure better attendance at the church services. The collections and dues are very poorly paid. Because of the drought a shortage of nearly Rs. 100 occurred in the pastor’s salary. The pastor adds, “ I can say that this circle improves from day to day, and we are expecting through the boundless grace of God that some day it may 1>ring forth much fruit.” Khaira Congregation has the Rev. Gulaba as pastor. He is serving faithfully and undergoing many privations. The crops have been almost a total failure for more than a year, and many of his villages have made no payments, yet he stays on at his post and is cheerful and happy. We look for a measure of blessing equal to the trials undergone. His greatest grief is lack of unity among his people. The new organizations are: Talabpur, Ugrukhaira, and Dhariwal. Their teachers have been elected elders in their respective congregations and while doing the pastoral work, are pursuing a course of study under Presbytery, expecting in time to be ordained as ministers. These pastorates are at once our hope for the work, and a source of great anxiety. A little too much help or a lack of sympathy might alike result in disaster. India— Work Among Christians. 147

There are few Christians in Jhelum except mission agents. Work in the Christian community is carried on principally through congregational channels. The Rev. Ganda Mall became pastor of the congregation in November, 1910. During the year two hundred pastoral visits have been made, three children baptized, one marriage solemnized, and seven burials conducted. The pres­ ent membership of the congregation is 36. Rs. 480 have been paid on the pastor’s salary during the year. The offerings amounted to Rs. 105. There has been a distinct growth in brotherly love dur­ ing the year. A number are faithful in secret and family prayer. No complaints were brought before the session. The pastor re­ quests “ the' earnest prayers of all God’s people that the spirit of love may abound, that inquirers may have a real thirst for spirit­ ual knowledge, and that I as pastor may be abundantly filled with God’s Holy Spirit.” In Khangah Dogran there are only the three congregations reported last year. The congregation in Martinpur has had a prosperous year. It has grown in numbers and grace under the ministry of its earnest pastor, the Rev. Mallu Chand. Although some of the members were led away by the Plymouth Brethren last year, this movement has ceased, and the congregation is earnestly supporting its pastor. The congregation at Roranwala is still without a pastor, and there is no progress reported from there. This community is in the deplorable state of many others in the bounds of the Mission. The people are anxious for a pastor, but it seems impossible to find a man for the place. The work in the congregation of Satialli is very encouraging. In the spring the pastor went to the meeting of Presbytery and insisted on being released from the pastoral relation. The Presbytery reluctantly agreed to his insistent request. He went back to his people expecting shortly to leave the congregation and made arrangements to take up wprk in another station, but before the pulpit was declared vacant his people determined that he must not be allowed to leave them. They used every means to hinder him. Finally he told them that he could reconsider his decision on one condition, and that was that they “pay ’up,” and take all the responsibility of collecting his salary and paying it over to him. They immediately had an every-member canvass, and agreed to pay his salary in full and to do all the collecting. There was a happy meeting on the day when the result was announced, and the old ties of pastor and people were renewed. When the pastor was asked in October how his people were keeping their promise, he said that his salary was paid up to Christmas. Lay­ men can do things in India, too, when they take hold. There are 18 villages lying within a radius of eight miles connected with Lyallpur Congregation. Some of the village people are very careless, and others are as yet only inquirers. There were six adult and nine infant baptisms. The congrega­ 148 India— Work Among Christians.

tion placed a wall around the cemetery, which cost a great deal in effort and money as well as in the time of the pastor. He collected the funds and superintended the work and, consequently, could not make the usual number of pastoral visits. The harmony of the congregation has been marked. A number of social meet­ ings were held. The self-supporting work has prospered. The report written by the pastor shows progress. Hie is a faithful, hard worker. He has had a few hindrances which should be mentioned. There are a number of Christians in Lyallpur who are engaged in government service. They do not as a rule unite with the congregation. A,t the same time the most of them more or less regularly attend the services in the church, and some of them, give most valuable help. On the other hand, members of the Church of England, while they attend the services in the church, invariably stand aloof from the congregation. The bishop has arranged that a sort of peripatetic pastor come to visit these people once a month or every two months and hold a service for them. They are forbidden to join in our communion services, though we are urged to unite with them in their services. Young men in government service prefer to keep in communion with the Church of England, because that is the state Church, and they feel that they have more hope of advancement there than in some other communion. It is due to the pastor to mention this, for it makes his work very difficult. The Roman Catholics have given the pastor the same trouble they have given in other parts of the district, except that his congregation being near the city is more convenient to these agents who prefer to work as near the city as possible. We had full hope this last year that Manpur congregation would soon have their own or­ dained pastor, a man whom they had been supporting entirely for several years, but before he could be ordained he had quarrel­ led with them and the matter could not be mended. We had planned to have Bulaki Chak on the pastoral list before this, but the worker who was there was not eligible for election as pastor, and when 'he was transferred to give place to the man whom the people were ready to call, he declined to accept the transfer, and going to the priests, bargained with them to receive himself and his people irito the Roman Catholic Church. He was not suc­ cessful but caused a split in the congregation which has pre­ vented organization. A congregation was organized at Kalaswala making a total of nine in the Pasrur District. The Rev. Jamil-ud-Din accepted the call to Pasrur leaving Mirali vacant. Many of these self- supporting congregations contain more villages than can be properly cared for by one man. The people are quite willing to give, but think the pastor should make other visits than those for collecting his salary. Complaints have been rare, however, and in this year of short crops these pastors have shown that India— Work Among Christians. 149 they are able to endure hardship. We need to pray for them, that they may be enabled to tend the flock of God faithfully. The pastors and workers showed their desire for increased efficiency in proposing that a part of their monthly meeting- be set apart for practice in telling Bible stories and preaching. Pasrur has been invaded by the Roman Catholics but after listening a long time to their appeals the people have definitely decided to stay in our Mission. They have been greatly encouraged by the coming of their pastor. The Rev. W. T. Williams, pastor of Rawalpindi Congrega­ tion, reports:—Like past years, the year 1911 was one of great blessing. We are thankful to God for all His goodness to us. The Sabbath evening services have been well attended. The congregation is heartily interested and a spirit of religious con­ viction has taken possession of their hearts. There were 16 infant, and 15 adult baptisms. Five members were admitted by certificate and two by profession. In the Home Mission carried on by the congregation, the work is being done in three different places in the city, and, as a result of that work, 25 were baptized and several inquirers are being taught. In spite of the improve­ ment noted above, there is much room for progress in church life and work, and your earnest prayers are asked that God may inspire His people to give themselves more to his work, and to the winning of souls for Him. The work in Sargodha District is reported by the Rev. J. A. McConnelee. The Rev. H. D. Salik continues to minister to the Bhera Congregation, and reports a year of much blessing. The majority of the Chak 71 Congregation, together with their pastor, the Rev. Mangu Mall, moved from Chak 71 to a new place called Sakesar, and the congregation will hereafter be known by the latter name. They have taken the Sakesar land on a lease for eight years, and it is hoped that these will be years of much temporal as well as spiritual blessing to the congregation. The village is entirely new and consists of some seventy-five houses. 'Outside on the common in front of the village the people have built their church. It is a mud building, but it is commodious and well arranged for village work. It was gratifying to see that before most of the people had finished their own houses, they commenced to build their church. Westonpur Congregation has been wonderfully revived. The great feature of the revival has been the awakening of the young men of the congregation. It came about this way. The pastor one day showed his people the picture of “ Little John Kyle and His Pumpkin Pile” which appeared not long ago in the Junior Missionary Magazine. He told them the story of little John’s interest in India’s poor people and in the pumpkins he was raising to make money to help them. Some of the young men hearing this said, “ Is it then true that even the little children in America are interested in us? Surely India— Work Among Christians. then -we ought to be doing more for our own people than we are doing now.” As a consequence, there are now abundant signs of activity. The work in the Sargodha Congregation, the Rev. Buddha Mall, pastor, has been much blessed. The Sabbath services and weekly prayer-meetings have been well attended. This congregation is one of the best supporters of the mission work of the Synod. It meets all its local obligations and this year voted a substantial increase to the pastor’s salary. The Rev. Karm Bakhsh finds much encouragement in his year’s work at Chak 87 Congregation. His work is hampered because his people are scattered through some 18 villages, and it is impossible for him to hold Sabbath services in more than three villages a week. Notwithstanding this his work is bearing fruit. Chak 74 Congregation is still without a settled pastor, though through the most of the year they have enjoyed the ministry of a licentiate. So the work has not been altogether satisfactory. There is not much change in the status of the congregations in Sialkot District. Three of the five are without pastors. They are doing fairly well, but would of course do better had they pastors. One unorganized center supports its.worker who is at present reading in the Seminary. The pastors at Bawa Lakhan and Chawinda havejiot had smooth sailing all the time, but the congregations are growing. At Bawa Lakhan many of the people who had no grain engaged for a day or so in public works, giving the wages earned to their pastor. In Zafarwal also, we note the effects of the general scarcity caused by drought, and record with gratitude to God the power to overcome and remain faithful when even the necessaries of life are but scantily supplied. In the three pastorates of this district, the year has been one of some hardship. Two of the pastors have certainly proved themselves devoted by staying with their respec­ tive flocks even when their support was precarious. The mission­ ary has often given thanks for these two men because of their ad­ herence to their calling in spite of their often being without much of the necessaries of life. The outlook for the new year is more hopeful. Pastor Arura of the Chhima Congregation was made the object of a severe persecution by a Mohammedan official. The case attracted quite a little notice and was temporarily the cause of bitterness towards the Christians on the part of the farmers. The final outcome of the affair has been not disadvantageous to our cause. Pastor David’s congregation, Ainowali, has been somewhat too small to yield him a fair support, and a plan is on foot to add some villages to his charge. When he is provided with a pony it is believed he will be able to exert a helpful influence on a larger community. We are glad to report that this pastor has grown to be a useful servant of the Lord, and seems to have a promising future in his enlarged field. Pastor Mulaim-ud-Din, formerly a licentiate, was called, ordained, and India— Work Among Christians.

settled, in the Zafarwal Congregation this year. His work is acceptable and encouraging. The church building at Zafarwal has been considerably renovated and improved. A memorial bell has been hung in the new belfry and in many ways the service will hereafter be a more convincing testimony to the Gospel be­ fore the people of the city. SABBATH SCHOOLS There is a regularly conducted Sabbath school connected with each station congregation. Some of them are carried on very efficiently and are quite well organized. We have few re­ ports from such schools this year. There are many irregular classes held in villages, and in communities where there are few opportunities for regular organization and methodical work. The Holy Spirit uses all means, and these Bible lessons given from week to week are adding much to the general knowledge about Jesus and His work of redemption. One says, “The Sabbath school seems to be the very best agency for imparting Scripture knowledge.” Many of these schools are held under the shade of some friendly tree, some in schoolhouses, and others in places that may be convenient at the time of meeting. Children are more interested in the work than in the place, and much blessing results from these classes, whether they are held in the more methodical way, or on the hit or miss plan one is compelled to adopt in many villages. The Sabbath school of Rawalpindi Congregation shows con­ siderable progress, the total attendance being 3,120 as against 2,4SS last year. A Sabbath school has been maintained for the non-Christians of the Boys’ High School. At least seven other schools are maintained at points in and around the city. The average attendance ranges from ten to sixty. A new school- opened during the year at Adra, a village near the city, is giving evidence of life. The people pay one half the rent of a building in the village for the regular day school. Prizes are given for attendance at the Sabbath school. Gurdaspur Congregational Sabbath School reports an aver­ age attendance of forty. The yearly collection amounted to Rs. 40. Out of this sum lesson helps and Bible pictures were pur­ chased for the use of the school and for some of the village Sab­ bath schools. Delegates were also sent to the Punjab Sabbath School Convention. Nine passed in the All-India Sabbath School Examination. The church stands on one of the main streets of the city and passers-by are often attracted by the singing, and come in for a part or all of the service. There are a number of more or less regularly conducted schools held in the village com­ munities. The Christian Training Institute reports 154 pupils and 12 teachers. Although some of the lessons were rather difficult, the 152 India—Work Among Christians. efforts and interest of the boys have been fairly good. Much inspiration was received from the Punjab Sabbath School Con­ vention held in the city in April. Madhopur has again reported a very interesting Sabbath school which is carried on in connection with the non-Christian boys’ school. This year having a Christian teacher to help in the work enabled the Misses Wilson to keep the school open con­ tinuously from April to November. Bible pictures and stories are used, and cards and tracts given to the boys. The boys are very fond of the Psalms and have learned several new ones this year. A young Sikh sings the 46th Psalm very nicely from memory. There are 40 in the school. Attendance is voluntary. Prayer is asked for the school and for the homes from which the boys come. Lyallpur reports much the same conditions as prevailed last year. Pasrur reports an enrolment of 230 pupils and contribu­ tions to the amount of Rs. 113. An interesting weekly teachers’ meeting has been held. Fifty-seven pupils received certificates in the All-India Sabbath School Examination. Some of the teachers and pupils have held Sabbath afternoon classes more or less regularly in three near villages. Work was begun in a fourth village before the end of the year. The Sabbath school connected with the Sialkot City High School for non-Christian boys has a voluntary attendance of about 100. They are mostly from among the smaller boys of the school. Jhelum Sabbath School has had an average attendance of 44, in four classes, with offerings amounting to Rs. 27. In Pathankot, at the request of some non-Christian servants, a Sabbath school class for them and some of the workmen on the new school building was started the latter part of the year. It meets every Sabbath at twelve o’clock in the church. It opened with 22 pupils and the number has risen to 43. The men bring in their friends, Sikhs, Hindus, Mohammedans, and Chuhras. All unite in singing the Psalms and all have thus far shown a real hunger for the Word of Life. They have their own secretary and treasurer. The offering is about six annas at each meeting. In Zafarwal District the Sabbath school lesson is generally taught in our village schools on Saturday. Ait Zafarwal the school is regularly organized and meets every Sabbath afternoon. Elsewhere in the district the pastors and catechists conduct informal studies of the lesson in numerous places each Sabbath.

CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR, Christian Endeavor Societies have not been fully reported this year. As before these societies often cooperate with or take the place of other organizations, and separate reports are not India— Work Among Christians. 153

deemed necessary. This year we have the following from the Girls’ Industrial Home: Six Christian Endeavor Societies in the Girls’ Industrial Hbme have held weekly services during the year. All the pupils, and teachers are members, and the interest has been maintained. A Prayer Room Band was organized by the girls themselves after the Sialkot Convention. They hold weekly a special meeting. They have undertaken to furnish the prayer room. The contri­ butions of these societies during the year have amounted to Rs. 14- Gurdaspur reports the organization of a Christian Endeavor Society, which takes the place of the regular mid-week prayer- meeting. Eight members signed the active membership cards, and from this number the officers were chosen. Prayer-meeting, Lookout, and Evangelistic Committees were appointed. A course in Bible memory work has been prepared, and a few have been very earnest and faithful in this work. Three received prizes for faithfulness. A member of the Evangelistic Committee made regular weekly visits to two villages during the summer months. There are ten members in the Junior Society. In April a course of sixteen illustrated lessons, prepared by Mrs. G. Sherwood Eddy, was begun and pursued with great pleasure by both class and leader. Picture cards were given as rewards to those who were regular in attendance and also remembered the preceding lesson text. They were also awarded cards for memorizing Psalms. During the last four months of the year, the children have been busy with a course in memory work, and as each one completes it he will receive a prize. Rawalpindi High School for Boys reports a Christian En­ deavor Society for Christian students. The Christian Training Institute young people are organized in three grades. The Senior Society has continued its regular meetings which have been well attended. The Juniors fill their room, and are a very interesting group. They have committed scores of Bible verses and learned many Bible stories. In a tes­ timony meeting after spring vacation, some of the boys reported work that they had done while at home, teaching in their families, or among the villagers, and bringing about reconciliation between estranged parties. They very much enjoy the illustrated Sabbath school lessons. Rolls of these pictures which have been used and are no longer required by the school to which they belong will be gratefully received. There is great interest in the Christian Endeavor Societies in Khangah Dogran District. There are the same three societies that were reported last year. In July a district convention was held. This convention was arranged and carried through under the management of the Indian members of the Endeavor Society. Its program was well thought out and well assigned by its com- T54 India— Work Among Christians. mittee. The delegates were entertained at the expense of the local society, and the traveling expenses of the speakers were also paid from the funds raised by them. The convention was a manifestation not only of the life that there is in the society, but of the development of the members along the lines of power to organize for themselves. Another similar convention was held in December. WOMEN’S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES There are twelve members in the Sangla Hill Society. Meet­ ings are held each month. Those members who are abje to read take turns in leading. At each meeting we have devotional exer­ cises and a missionary subject. From the monthly dues Rs. 15 were sent to the Girls’ School in Khartum. The thankofiering amounted to Rs. 80. The women of the district contributed largely to this sum. It is very pleasing to see how the village women are learning to give. "Sialkot Congregational Society has 23 enrolled. A goodly number of these are from the Girls’ Boarding School. The con­ tributions from the society from March to December amounted to Rs. 30, and the thankofiering to Rs. 39. Rawalpindi Society met regularly and reports very good attendance and interesting meetings. The Presbyterial which met there in April is reported as having been a very pleasant meeting and exceedingly encouraging. The women took part with much interest and showed that they were rapidly learning to carry on the business of the organization. The Sargodha City Society held eleven meetings during the year. The work of supervision has purposely been left very much in the hands of the Indian members, and they have done very well. The contributions have increased and there was, a good thankofiering. On account of sickness and other hind­ rances the weekly meetings for sewing and prayer were not kept up all year, but some sewing was done for the Zenana Hospital. The little band of God’s children at Bhera continue to be faithful in their missionary society as in every other department of work. They meet every month. We have four village societies, and although some of them do not meet every month, yet it pays to keep them in existence. When our Presbyterial met in Sargodha last April, some of the members o:f these societies walked ten miles and carried their babies to the meeting and paid for their own entertainment. We were all very much refreshed by the spiritual uplift received from having the Presbyterial meet in our midst. Lyallpur reports a society of eight members. For the greater part of the year regular meetings have been held. One or more Mohammedan or Hindu women were in attendance at most of the meetings. Contributions were sent to the Synod’s Home Mission and Girls’ Industrial Home, Pasrur. India— Work Among Christians. 155

In Zafarwal District there are two societies, one at Zafarwal and one at Ainowali. In the Zafarwal Society are included the waves of the district workers. The members have paid their dues more cheerfully and promptly than heretofore. The thank- offering received in July amounted to Rs. 87. Pasrur Society has a membership of 58, which is an increase of 18 over last year. The monthly meetings have been regular and well attended. The amount of dues for the year was Rs. 62 of which Rs. 24 was contributed to home missions, Rs. 12 to the support of orphans in our Mission in Egypt, and Rs. 12 to Pandita Ramabai’s work. The thankoffening meeting held in November was well attended. In addition to a full attendance of the members there were visitors from the near villages. The thankoffering amounted to Rs. 40. One woman put aside a handful of flour every day, from the sale of which a good sum was realized for her jthankoffering. The Women’s Missionary Society is doing much for the Christian women, for in it they are made acquainted with and become interested in mission work in their own and other lands. We are very thankful for God’s blessing on our society, and pray that all we do may be done for His honor and glory. Khangah Dogran District has five organized societies at present. We find the work in this line very discouraging be­ cause the best leaders have had few advantages in the way of education, and it is very hard for them to keep up the interest of the women. Small wonder that the leader of our best society, laid low in sorrow by the death of the last of her eight children, allowed the society to go down. She confessed her weakness to us, and promised to take heart and begin again. We have two new societies this year. Many of the women of the district who are not in societies give collections regularly, and nearly all contribute to the thankoffering, which amounted to Rs. 85 this year. The thankoffering is collected from each village while the camp is with them. The women are given earthen jugs in which to collect this offering, and at the close of the year their jugs are broken, and new ones are given for the ensuing year. A very in­ teresting thankoffering meeting was helS at the little village of Khambianwala where each woman told for what things she had been especially thankful. Many put in offerings because sick ones had been restored, sometimes from a fever, or a cough, or a boil. One put in a thankoffering because of a nice calf which had been born. One woman vowed that if God would hear her prayer this year and bring back her wandering boy she would put in a rupee, a liberal offering for one of these poor ones. Gurdaspur reports a membership of 25. Monthly dues amounted to Rs. 35 for the year, and the sum of Rs. 40 has been paid to Pasrur school as a scholarship. The average attendance has been a little less than usual, but the interest has been normal. 156 India— Unorganized Christian Work.

The dues have been paid regularly. Three new members were added to the roll. Awankha has paid dues and contributed a thankoffering. Their leader has been ill for part of the year, and consequently their meetings have not been regular. The Tibbar Society has been very inactive this year. The Ghot women have kept up monthly prayer-meetings and faithfully used their thankoffering box, which when opened contained three rupees. Pathankot has a society in the city and three village so­ cieties. Lack of efficiency in leaders, and frequent changes of leaders, hinder the progress of the village societies. The congre­ gational society had nine regular meetings during the year. There are 20 members with an average attendance of 16. The monthly offerings amounted to Rs. 48 from which we paid the salary of a teacher in the city 'for six months. The thankoffering was Rs. 55. Gujranwala Society is reported as having done good work. Interesting monthly meetings, which are well attended and en­ joyed by the members, are mentioned. There are 30 members and the monthly offerings amounted to Rs. 62. In the district no new societies have been formed. The women in Badoke, Galotian, Nat, and Ghakhar are doing well. Five of our village women attended the presbyterial meeting held in Sargodha. These women were very much helped and went to their homes determined to make a greater effort in their own societies. One, with other women of her village, has been going to the villages near her home to hold meetings with the women.

UNORGANIZED CHRISTIAN WORK

WORK AMONG VILLAGE MEN

The Rev. J. W. Ballantyne, when he says, “ The past year has been one of testing,” well expresses the condition of the year’s work. From many districts come reports concerning the work of the Roman Catholics. The Rev. J. H. Martin, D. D., writes, “ The priests and their agents have gone to almost every Chris­ tian village and used the following arguments to overthrow our work. They teach the people that the Roman Church is the only true Church; that there is no salvation in any other; and that all others are real enemies of Christ.” Besides this they offer every material inducement possible to get the Christians to go over to them. The Rev. A. B. Caldwell writes, “ The Roman Catholics by numerous promises almost impossible to fulfill and calculated to feed covetousness and deceive the ignorant, are endeavoring to draw away our people.” The Rev. J. A. McCon- rielee writes, “An invasion of Sargodha District by the Roman India— Unorganised Christian Work. 15 7

Catholics is threatened. The Dtevil is not asleep even if some of the churches are. He is calling out the Romish Church and setting it to work with renewed vigor in the Punjab, where in the last decade the Protestant Church has increased over 400 per cent. It behooves our Church to awake as never before and give to the work the outpouring of her heart in prayer, and the fullest equipment of men and money.” The Rev. J. W. Ballantyne writes, “ We have never known the Roman Catholics to be so un­ scrupulous and daring. They are actually undertaking to take over our people by thousands. They tell the people that in the future there will be large tracts of government land at their dis­ posal for distribution to the Christians; that the people will not be asked for collections; that they need not give up their old cus­ toms at once; that many of these customs are not harmful any­ way ; that they will be assisted in their lawsuits against the land­ lords ; and that winter garments and 'food will be distributed. It is not surprising that these simple-minded people yield to such persuasion.” Miss Dickson of Gurdaspur reports:—There are 130 vil­ lages in this district in which there are Christians. Fifty-three of these are provided with weekly services and the rest are irreg­ ularly visited by itinerant evangelists. The 19 boys’ schools of the district are accessible to at least 60 villages. The Rev. W. M. McKelvey of Khangah Dogran reports:— We find the work in good condition and very encouraging. Although some proselytizing agents have been among our people, very few have responded to them. The people respond well to instruction and their contributions are very encouraging. They already have formed the habit of giving a rupee each, at both the annual harvests. The workers find willing helpers among their laymen. Encouraging numbers of inquirers greet us as we go about among the Christians. We are baptizing them as fast as they are ready. The Rev. J. H. Martin, D. D., of Lyallpur reports:—With the exception of some 15 scattered villages all were provided with regular instruction. In some 70 villages regular services are held. Mission schools are accessible to the Christian children of 15 or more villages but the interest in education is low. The success we reported last year from teaching the people to recite a course of Bible stories has contiuned and the results are all that we had hoped for. We had to reduce our force this year on account of the shortage of funds. The opportunity to organize this Christian community into congregations is all that one could wish. They could all be organized into pastorates. We have only two workers in this district who are eligible to become pastors while we should have ten seminary trained men. There are three vacancies calling loudly for ministers and in every case, where the people have had suitable pastors or teachers, they have 158 India— Unorganized Christian Work.

shown a willingness to learn. The people plead for some one to teach them. The more intelligent are taught by the leaders and these in turn teach the others. Among both men and women are found efficient helpers in this work and in many cases they prepare their own candidates for baptism. The decrease by removal is very heavy: 460 for the unor­ ganized work and 658 for the whole district. This is due to a strict revision of the rolls. Many have moved away and many are still going in the Sargodha direction where their worldly chances appear to be better. The Rev. J. G. Campbell of Pasrur reports:—The district is suffering greatly from the need of more workers. The people are very eager to be taught and are constantly demanding more instructors. Scores of villages are asking for schools. Pasrur District needs the prayers of the Church as never before, because of the great opportunity and because of the greatness of the work already in hand. The Rev. J. H. Stewart of Pathankot reports:—We have 400 Christians in 12 different villages, all within a radius of 12 miles from Pathankot. We have three men to teach these people. One Christian, not baptized three months, recited the Ten Com­ mandments, the Lord’s Prayer, the Apostles’ Creed, the Beati­ tudes, the names of the Apostles, the Parable of the Sower, and told the stories of the Martyrdom of Stephen, the Conversion of Saul, and the Day of Pentecost. Mr. W. E. Nicoll of Rawalpindi reports:—We have two evangelists, one in cantonments and the other at the brick kilns, who work almost exclusively among Christians and inquirers. Both communities are very fluctuating. Regular services are maintained at the Scotch Presbyterian Church with an average attendance of from 12 to 15. We find it quite difficult to sustain a regular attendance 'from among the servant class as their time is not their own and in many cases they are careless. At the brick kilns in the busy season there are often 50 or more Christians and in the slack season not more than six or eight. It is encour­ aging to note real progress, especially among the young men. The Rev. A!. B. Campbell of Sangla Hill reports:—We have no organized congregations in this district. We have, however, groups of leading Christians who try cases and report to the Mission superintendent, suggesting suitable punishment for those found guilty. We have 1 1 1 villages containing Christians but only 19 of these are provided with weekly services. There is a crying need of Christian teachers. We have 16 teachers in a community of over 5,000 Christians. There have been baptized 148 adults and 194 infants and the contributions have amounted to $287. Three men have received their entire support from the Christians of the villages among whom they lived and to whom they gave instruction. India— Unorganised Christian Work. 159'

The Rev. J. A. McConnelee of Sargodha reports:—There are not over 30 villages which our force of workers are able to reach with regular systematic teaching. There are over ioo- villages containing Christians, which are outside the sphere of our organized work. All the teaching these get is from an occa­ sional visit or from the annual or semi-annual visit of the mis­ sionaries. Is it any wonder that the “ little ones” in these places- are weak, that they do not show much -progress in Christian knowledge and spiritual life? It is a wonder that without teach­ ing they remain Christians in the midst of their heathen sur­ roundings. But it is a striking fact that many of these not only remain firm in the faith but even make progress, a mighty testi­ mony to the truth that the Gospel is an actual working power in the life, that the Word is a living thing. One seeing this cannot, but wish that more of the living Word could be implanted in the lives of our people, that in the fulness of its power and beauty and glory it might “prevail mightily.” If our home Church could realize the tremendous need for teachers, and the glorious results which would certainly follow their being supplied, our mission work would not long continue undermanned. The Rev. J. W. Ballantyne of Sialkot reports:—A year agO' we spoke of some reaction. In one village the death of a promi­ nent man occasioned the gathering together of a large number o f Christians, who participated in idolatrous rites. It was necessary for Presbytery to deal with them and about 40 .families from a dozen villages were suspended from the Church. This action was taken with some misgivings. Would the Christian com­ munity at home sustain such wholesale discipline? The resent­ ment was sharp, for the offence was thought by some to be slight. The suspended ones manifested considerable arrogance. “ Who cares for the big committee?”, they would say. However, by firmness, tact, and “a word in season,” the majority of the of­ fenders, upon professing sorrow and asking for pardon, were restored after about three months, and the most stubborn after nine months. The effect was most wholesome and far-reaching. The number of baptisms has not been so large as that of last year, but the number of inquirers under instruction is larger than ever before, and never before has the Christian community as­ sumed so much responsibility for the instruction and conduct of the inquirers. The contributions have fallen off, but the failure of the crops and the failure of the workers to canvass the people thoroughly accounts for the decrease. The Rev. H. S. Nesbitt of Zafarwal reports:—In about 90 villages of this district there are Christians under the care of evangelists. We visit these regularly, examine them as to their progress in religion, seek to encourage them in their Christian life, administer the ordinances, receive their offerings, and en­ deavor to correct their irregularities of conduct. We have been: i6o India—Unorganised Christian Work.

gratified this year by the good progress made by the people. There have been fewer marriage irregularities, and fewer cases calling for discipline. This shows advancement in Christian ideals, for which the Church should give thanks. The harvest offerings have fallen off, not because of less liberality but because the autumn harvest was almost nothing.

WORK AMONG VILLAGE WOMEN Miss Bennett of Gujranwala reports:—The work is much as usual. The need of our women and girls is tremendous. They are ignorant beyond description, and one feels the absolute neces­ sity of more adequate provision for the training of the girls and women if they are to mold the thoughts and lives of the coming generation. In only two village schools are the girls taught along with their brothers. Our women have made progress in many ways. More want to learn Psalms, Scripture verses, and Bible stories. More are pleading to be taught concerning Christ. When they become Christians and are baptized the change is wonderful. Their faces often show they are Christians and they learn readily and gladly. Miss Corbett of Gurdaspur writes:—It is extremely difficult to sum up the results of the year in a regular and satisfactory way. Large sections of our district in which there are no teach­ ers or regular instructors, are dependent upon the annual or semi­ annual visits of the missionary or the teachers of the neighboring circles. We have been cheered in some places by a decided im­ provement in things concerning the Church and increasing knowl­ edge of the Word. We note with satisfaction the gradual disap­ pearance of the clay shrines, Bala Shah, which in some places are being allowed to wear away from the effects of the weather, while in others the people have been brave enough to demolish them outright. A number o.f women from village communities attended our Bible school this past summer and some of them did exceed­ ingly well in their lessons and hope to be able to come again. The drought of the past summer was keenly felt by all. The price of food stuffs has been very high and in some places semi-famine conditions have existed. A pastor in one circle suffered severely. The wife broke her arm; the horse died, and then the colt They felt that their cup of misfortune was full. Talking about this one day he said, “All this has come upon me because, in these hard times, I have not been faithfully giving the tithe.” I cannot ask for anything more necessary than an outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon us all, missionaries, pastors, teachers, and people, and the sending forth of more laborers into the villages of Gurdaspur. Misses Cowden and J. E. Martin o:f Khangah Dogran re­ port:— In many places the women have not been willing to sit KANAYA AND FAMILY.

Of nu‘BR n f H ^Z-úd% n% ^n¡clUt It ralpoftcuJ at' P"*,0V 01 J h c h “ " ¿ *■ Mnkka, wife MinnLK ROW: 1. .Vfrf««»., vifr of Ihr Rrr. n „ r k a , Unx.h, p a s t o r at Uujromrata ; 3 . Ivan aya. a,a, 4 . his wife, P i y a r i . India— Unorganised Christian Work. 161 and learn from their teachers and hence do not care to face us for examination on our yearly visit. In other places they are keen on learning-. One old woman, who had not as good an opportunity as many others, as the Bible teacher came to her village only once in eight days, learned five Bible stories and. could tell them readily. She also learned two Psalms and told us how she and a neighbor had called back and forth to each other over the wall. When one could not remember a verse the other would prompt her. She gave a silver thankoffering. Miss Spencer of Lyallpur, who went on furlough in October, reports:—One impression of my summer’s work in the villages '"is that the low-caste people are determined to rise to the dignity of redeemed ones. In some villages the women have made pro­ gress which seems wonderful when we think how foreign to their former ideas was the thought of learning anything but new ways of expressing wickedness. They are teaching each other more and more and it is still true in these poor, filthy, Punjabi villages that “ the entrance of Thy Word giveth light.” A second impression is that the King’s business requireth haste. We went to visit a family whose Christianity we doubted. Because one of the children had died the day before, I thought there would be mourning so that we could say little to them, but I was rebuked by their quiet, resigned Christian spirit. The next time that it was this village’s turn to be visited, their door was locked. The neighbors said that all the family, father, mother, grandmother, and all the children had died of plague. In another village two were sitting where formerly there had been 1 5 or 20. I asked where the others were. “All dead,” was the reply. The plague will doubtless again visit these villages before this report is read. My heart was well-nigh broken as I asked about women who were inquirers the year before. Some were insufficiently instructed; others ready but waiting for their husbands to learn more; dear earnest women whom I had hoped to see baptized at this year’s visit, but death had come first. Some had had little opportunity to learn of Christ as there was no teacher in their village. There is a general desire on the part of the low-caste people to beconje Christians, and unless we hasten to teach them they will not, often cannot, wait our leisure. Are we not, before God, responsible for them? Miss Kyle of Pasrur writes:—The vastness of the work appeals to one when he first enters this field. It is with a shock that one discovers the ignorance of some who are called Chris­ tians. On the other hand we are encouraged by the faithfulness of the workers and their wives. In one village the pastor’s wife organized the women into four bands and it was a pleasure to hear the women sing Psalm after Psalm from beginning to end, repeat Scripture verses, and tell Bible stories. Progress is most rapid in villages where Christian schools are provided. As Chris­ 11 1 62 India— Unorganized Christian Work.

tian education for women advances it is not hard to foresee the •day when the Christians, instead of being the despised and op­ pressed people of the village will be the leaders. We visited one village where we found the women anxious for baptism and ready, but the men were in the fields working for the landlords and could not be examined. The women were very much disap­ pointed. . The next morning, men, women, and children walked three miles to the camp, answered well in their examination, and were baptized. In another village a woman said, “ We have been waiting three or four years to become Christians but we have had no one to teach us.” A worker was sent to them for two days and they stayed awake all night to learn, and when we examined them we found them well prepared on the course for inquirers and full of faith. The Misses Wilson of Pathankot report:—As Isaiah found it necessary to teach Israel, so we find it necessary to teach out* Indian Christians, “ Precept upon precept, precept upon precept; line upon line, line upon line; here a little, there a little.” It gives much pleasure to find a village where the women and girls have made good progress, for then we know that the worker has been diligently teaching them. We have visited all the villages in which there are Christians two or three times, teaching them as best we could. Sujanpur, which is three miles from Mad- hopur, is visited frequently during the summer months. Two Christian women died in this village this winter, and as they were held in high esteem by the Hindus and Mohammedans many of them came to the funeral to show their respect and sympathy. They received instruction and gained some under­ standing from the absence of excessive wailing, of the difference between the Christian’s hope and their own. Misses Brotherston and Hill of Sangla Htill report:—We are pleased to report progress among the Christian women in the villages. Many have a real hunger for more knowledge, and some have learned to lead in prayer. In one village we found a girl about"twelve years old whose father, a fakir, had kept her with him so that she had not been baptized, though her mother was a Christian. When her father died, the Christian women taught her as best they could so that she could be baptized. Miss. Anderson of Sargodha reports:—The unbounded op­ portunities of this district are overwhelming; more people press­ ing into the kingdom than we are able to teach; more already baptized than we can care for with our small staff of workers and a very limited estimate which will not allow of the employ­ ment of another helper; boys and girls in almost every village who might be in school, and people clamoring for schools to whom we are compelled to say, “ We are unable to provide either school or teacher.” What one sees should be done and has to see India— Unorganized Christian Work. ' 163 go undone by the Church, which has taken this work under its care, hurts more than anything else. Miss Logan of Sialkot reports:—In this district there are about 170 villages in which there are Christians and, as they are ignorant and cannot study the Word for themselves, we give much time1 to their instruction. As we go about during the itinerating season we pitch our tents in the midst of a group of villages containing Christians and always visit the Christians first. Usually their Hindu and Mohammedan neighbors crowd in to hear the teaching, and give us cordial invitations to visit them in their homes which we do after the Christians have been taught. These non-Christians have in their midst the witness of a race that is being elevated and transformed, and perhaps this speaks to them more plainly than we can. Gospel portions have found a ready sale among non-Christian schoolboys and the Hiindu and Mohammedan women have shown greater readiness to learn than ever before. Every way we look “ the fields are white already unto harvest.” In many villages, Bala Shah, the clay shrine of the Chuhras, has been allowed to crumble down or been entirely removed. The old superstitions and customs are passing and the people are seeking better things. The villages within reach of the Mission house were visited regularly during the summer. Plague raged during the early spring and many of the Christians by their patience in-bereave­ ment, witnessed their hope of again meeting their friends in heaven. Miss Hadley of Zafarwal reports:— It is disheartening often­ times to see how little these village women seem to grasp of what they have been taught, but on the other hand one is often sur­ prised at what they master. Not a few of the women learned the course perfectly this year. One, who was learning for the first time, was quite proud of her accomplishment, and said that it was because of her little boy’s help that she had done it. She said, “ When I woijld come in from my work he would say to me, ‘Mother, Who saves us from our sins?’ and I would answer, ‘Son, Jesus Christ saves us from our sins,’ and so on through the day whenever there was the least opportunity.” What a difference between this and the ordinary conversation of a village home! In all the villages we are able to note a great deal of pro­ gress and we are encouraged to find that the Christians seem more worthy of their name. CHRISTIAN MELAS Year by year the “ mela” is becoming a larger feature of our village work. Wherever tried these melas or fairs have proved successful and won a real place in the hearts of the people. The Gurdaspur mela was held the latter part of June. The India— Unorganised Christian Work. attendance was smaller than usual and the collection consider­ ably less than last year. Some of the people had less to give because of damage done to the crops by unusually heavy spring rains. The Rev. W. T. Williams of Rawalpindi gave an excellent address on the evils of using foul language. He spoke forcibly about the very sins which he knew were prevalent in the lives of the brethren. Games and sports added much to the social enjoy­ ment of the day. The Lyallpur missionaries made use of the Horse Fair in March for proclaiming the Gospel to the people. Headquarters were established for the Christians in which services were held. At these services, however, as many non-Christians as Christians were present. The outsiders were more interested than usual and trouble makers were at a loss to know how to defeat our purpose as no opportunity was given them. We declined all con­ troversy and any one who was not willing to sit quietly and listen was asked to retire. The usual mela, the first week in September, was used to unify the people and to urge them to various reform movements within their own circles. The attendance was good. No Christian mela is held in Pasrur, but Dr. Brandon had his entire force present at a large Mohammedan mela .which is held west of the city. It was during this mela that he contracted the disease which so suddenly ended his work on earth. It is estimated that from three to four thousand Christians attended this mela and the total attendance is, perhaps, as high as 50,000. Dr. Brandon assembled for this work from our own and other missions an army of 78 preachers and workers, organized them into bands, allotted special passages, and launched them day after day into this great sea of humanity to tell the Gospel story. At night he himself preached to the Christians. Dr. Brandon longed to see the Punjabi Christian attain to real manhood and stand on his own feet. On Sabbath he preached in this mela from the text, “ We were in our own sight as grasshoppers and so we were in their sight.” ' From March fifteenth to seventeenth a Christian mela was held in the Mission compound at Sangla Hill. During the pre­ vious week there were several days of rain and the ground was saturated with water, so when the appointed time came and 1t was still very cloudy, we gave up hope of seeing anyone at the mela. To the surprise of all, the people began to arrive at 5 p. m. and at the evening service about one hundred were present. At 8 p. m. it began to rain again and continued in heavy showers during the night. By Thursday 600 were on the ground, 100 of whom were women. That night it rained so hard that the tents were flooded and the people had to seek other shelter. The zeal of the Christians, however, was not dampened, for without a murmur or complaint they made the best of the circumstances and India— Unorganised Christian Work. 165 enjoyed one another’s fellowship. One of the addresses on Thursday was given by the Rev. E. E. Campbell. This mela gave new insight into the character of these village Christians and encouraged the workers to go forward to greater efforts in their behalf. Of the Zafarwal mela the Rev. H. S. Nesbitt writes:—Our annual mela was not so successful as last year. This was due to the fact that it was held at our station which is rather remote from the centre of Christian population. From the villages near there were good representations. In addition to the taking up of the harvest offering, a leading feature of the mela was the award­ ing of prizes to the bands of singers in three villages, whose singing of the Psalms was excellent. We wish they might have had as auditors some of those in America, who read this report.

BIBLE SCHOOLS The Bible school is a real source of blessing to both workers and missionaries. In many of our districts one of these schools is held each year. At such times workers bring their wives and children who also attend regular classes and the general meet- ings. Gujranwala reports a very helpful Bible school held in April. The Rev. W. T. Anderson gave several addresses. Misses Spencer and Hill were present part of the time to help with the women’s classes. Paul’s missionary journeys were studied. Many were helped and some went away with a burning desire to spend their lives in Christ’s service as Paul had done. From Gurdaspur we have the following report:—Bible school this year was along a new line. An urgent request was sent to all the pastors, elders, and deacons of the self-supporting con­ gregations in the district, to bring their wives and come to Gur­ daspur for ten days. Also the few remaining catechists and their wives were called. All could not respond but a goodly number came. It might have been calfed a camp-meeting. It was July and not much bedding was required. Some had beds to sleep on, others slept on the ground, a few found shelter in some empty servants’ houses, but many sat under the shade of trees in the daytime and all slept under the open sky at night. The forenoon lessons were studied in classes and the afternoon and evening preaching services were held in the open air in the friendly shade of the house. Helpful messages were brought by the Rev. W. T. Ajnderson and the Rev. Mallu Chand. It was rather difficult to persuade the farmers that they could leave their homes for ten days. As an inducement they were provided with ready-cooked food, and prizes were given for the best work done in class. The text-books used were the Psalms in Punjabi and Cummings’s Catechism. One pastor received a prize for having committed about half of I Corinthians. Two elders who are unable to read 1 66 India— Unorganised Christian Work.

were so anxious to complete memorizing the Catechism begun during the Bible school that they went about getting help from anyone who would teach them until they finished it. Among both men and women some did very commendable work. It was a time of blessing and rejoicing. Some of the pastors report that those of their people who were in attendance have had much more zeal for Bible study since that time. Instead of the usual summer school the Lyallpur workers were given regular monthly lessons in the Old and New Testa­ ments and in the Shorter Catechism. Besides these a conference on the work in hand was held. There was a week of Bible study and prayer with reference to the special evangelistic effort undertaken by the Synod. The results were very good. At the Bible school held in Pasrur, the elders and their wives were called along with the workers to receive instruction. The Bible school in Sargod'ha was held in April. It was a time of much spiritual refreshment to both missionaries and In­ dian workers. The Bible studies were in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah, and God’s dealings with B is people, of old found new meanings as the Spirit applied them to present day condi­ tions in the Punjab. The Rev. H. S. Nesbitt took most of the evening services and his messages were based on the letters to the churches in the Revelation. The last evening meeting was taken by Mr. Warris-ud-Din, an Indian Christian of the Church of England, a person whom the Sialkot Convention has been instrumental in changing from a worldly money-seeking man into a humble, earnest servant of Christ. He told the story of the transformation of his life. It was no new.one, just the old story of our being fully obedient to God’s leading. The Rev. J. W. Ballantyne writes from Sialkot:—Our work­ ers and their families met this year on the seminary grounds dur­ ing the vacation at that institution and were much more comfort­ ably quartered than they usually are for Bible school. Select lessons from the Sabbath school series were used as a basis of study. Our evangelist, the Rev. W. Caleb, took the men over a course in comparative religions; and a schoolgirl, who was on her vacation, taught the illiterate women the primer. We had a series of lectures in which the Rev. W. T. Anderson and Profes­ sor Labhu Mall assisted. During the meetings the workers were led to engage in earnest prayer to the Lord of the harvest that He would send forth laborers into His harvest. As we go about among the villages, this camping season, we are able to discern increased zeal on the part of the workers, and quite a number of volunteer helpers 'from among the illiterate Christian community are engaging heartily in the work. In Zafarwal the Bible school was held through three w e e k s India—Sialkot Convention. of July. For daily study the book of I Corinthians was used. The evening addresses were on the priesthood of Christ, and were presented by the Rev. W- B. Anderson. The school closed with the-Lord’s Supper.

SIALKOT CONVENTION

BY THË REV. W. B. -«ANDERSON

T h e Sialkot Convention which was held first in 1904 has become one of the calendar events of North India. It first sprang from a desire in the hearts of some, for a great spiritual awak­ ening in the Church of the Punjab. It was planted, and has been nurtured, by the power of prayer. Its aims are entirely spiritual. By its constitution its sessions must be confined to the study of the Bible, and to meetings that deal with spiritual things. It can­ not be made a convention for the discussion of methods, or for dealing with the problems of organization. Its aim is to touch the spiritual life of the individual, and by this means to quicken the Church of Christ. The success of the convention in achieving this end, has proved the wisdom of the method. The convention realizes that organization is needed in the Church, and gives a most prominent place in its teaching to the honor and reverence due fo the Church as the body and bride of Christ, but it realizes that organization can never impart life. Life comes only through knowledge of God. Having been absent from two conventions, the writer was struck with the developments that have taken place in the methods of the convention, while the spirit has remained the same. In the entertainment of those attending, order has come out of chaos. It is a rare thing to find a convention where every­ thing moves with so little friction, or as far as the general ob­ server can see, without friction. The caste, and class, and pov­ erty conditions are such in India, that only he who has had ex­ perience can realize the difficulty of making arrangements for the entertainment of such a multitude. The success has been so mar­ velous, that the quiet, loving spirit manifested in the whole camp, from the prayer-room to the kitchen, is one of the things most frequently remarked upon by non-Christian visitors to the conven­ tion. There has been something of the same change in the arrange­ ments of the meetings. These are now most orderly, with a care­ fully prepared program for each meeting. While there is or­ ganization here, every effort is made to allow the Spirit of God to change any meeting. This year there was scarcely a change made in the whole of the program. The conclusion was, that He did not need to change, when given the liberty to do so, because He had been given the liberty to arrange the program. India—Sialkot Convention.

The attitude of the audience for the first years was marked by an eager looking for some manifestation. There was more or less unquietness. This has given place to a very quiet and eager listening for the voice of God, as His Word- is read, and.its truth unfolded and applied to the heart. One rarely has the privilege of sitting in meetings of such spiritual power as the morning Bible studies of this year. Five of these studies were given by a missionary, a university man, a polished scholar, and a deep thinker who brought lessons of magnificent simplicity. As he talked of prayer, one realized that his knowledge was first hand. The other five studies were given by an Indian professor in a theological seminary. He has had the privilege of only a gram­ mar school education and the theological training, and he is from the despised Chuhra caste. For centuries India has looked upon his race as animals without spirits, and has treated them as such. A s the audience sat at his feet, and heard the wonderful unfold­ ing of the truth concerning the Holy Spirit, it was impressed with the fact that God had created the Chuhra in His own image. His clear statement of truth, and his scholarly dealing with the Word, showed that he had been deeply taught by Him about Whom he discoursed. If any movement in India ever needed your prayers, this one does. Will you pray very especially that the convention may continue to stand for knowledge of 'God, and for cleansing from sin, at any cost? Satan is as busy in India as he is in America, teaching people that sin is not sin. To deal with sin is the most difficult thing in the world but to deal with it is most vitally nec­ essary. Christ came into the world for this and for this He has left us in the world. Let us pray that we may be faithful to our mission. Pray that Sialkot Convention may continue to be faith­ ful to her mission. India—Evangelistic Work. 169

EVANGELISTIC WORK

WORK AMONG NON-CHRISTIAN MEN IN VILLAGES

A l t h o u g h we have constantly before us the Savior’s com­ mand to preach the Gospel to every creature, we are unable through lack of funds and forces to obey it very fully. The large Christian community, nearly all of whom are yet babes in the things of the Kingdom, need more care and teaching than the present force of workers can give. The Indian Church is to be the great evangelistic agency in this country, and until she is built up and able to care for her own little ones, the greater part of our time and strength must be expended in caring for them. We, as a Mission, feel that we are here primarily to build . up a strong, self-supporting Church, and must bend the most of our energies to the accomplishment of that purpose. There is a great field yet unevangelized. In some cases villages, or small sections of districts, while in other cases large tracts of country with thousands of people, are not yet reached by the message. Very many are anxious to hear the Gospel and some beg for it. The year marks an increased interest on the part of'the non- Christians and a decrease in their opposition and bigotry. The Rev. J. A. McArthur of Guj ranwala reports:—The chief difference in the last year’s evangelistic work is the in­ creased readiness to hear. On all sides are inquirers. The diffi­ culty is to get them taught. Special effort has been made along this line and we trust that when our Christians are more spiritu­ ally alive, they will be able to aid in gathering in others. We find the non-Christians less bigoted and more open to the Gospel. They often acknowledge Christianity to be as good or better than their own religion, but say, “Why can we not be saved if we live an upright life and continue in our old faith?” They are still blind to the fact that God demands perfect right­ eousness, not degrees of righteousness. From every comer of the district there comes the Mace­ donian call. The greatest needs are: first, the awakening of the Indian Church; next, more workers from abroad; then, more money. The Rev. D. R. Gordon, who was compelled to leave suddenly for America, asked Miss Dickson to report the year’s work in Gurdaspur. She reports as follows:—There is a decided spirit of inquiry among the Hindus and Mohammedans. One night about fifty men came to the ladies’ camp and sat quietly outside listening to the teaching which the Christians were receiving 170 India—Evangelistic Work. inside. When the service was finished the Indian minister went out and talked with them for some time after which they went quietly away. The Mohammedan police constable, who was men­ tioned in last year’s report as having been baptized and then hav­ ing recanted, has again publicly confessed his faith .in Christ. His wife was at first so bitter against him that she hid his Bible and would not acknowledge to anyone that he was a Christian, but declared their marriage bond broken, and demanded that he take her to her mother. Now her heart has become so softened that she has restored the Bible to him, and asked him to read it to her. The Rev. E. E. Campbell left the work in Jhelum District to proceed on his furlough in March, and the Rev. J. G. Camp­ bell continued to carry on the work until November, when he was transferred to Pasrur. This large and needy field is now lying without anyone for work among the men, except two Indian evangelists. Mr. Campbell reports as follows:—Jhelum District does not so much need logic to defeat Islam, since it is already largely undermined in the hearts of many, as it needs the love of Christ revealed in the lives of his servants, and a real sense of sin in the hearts of the people. One village seemed ready to come out and the old men followed us almost to camp, declaring their belief in Christ, but afraid to talce the last step. There is a de­ mand for schools everywhere. People say, “ Come and teach us all the Gospel you wish, only give us a school.” There is less opposition than formerly and the people are always ready to buy literature. At a large fair held in April, 400 Gospels and books were sold, and thousands of tracts were distributed. Both Hindus and Mohammedans listened well to the Gospel message. One very wealthy Hindu came to the tent and confessed that Christianity was the only religion worth having, but he could not forget his high caste nor give up his possessions. The Rev. W. M. McKelvey, who has this fall succeeded the Rev. W. B. Anderson in the work in Khangah Dogran, writes as follows:—We always have a good audience of non-Christians when we preach to Christians. Of the 160 present at the Sabbath service yesterday, about 60 were Hindus and Mohammedans, some of whom had come from other villages. Recently a com­ pany of Mohammedans came from a village a mile or more away just for the Sabbath service, and listened very attentively. The son of a Hindu shop-keeper, a man of good family, has been bap­ tized. He was taught by Christians from among the low-castes in his village. He would slip off to them in the evening and listen to what they could tell him of Christ, and sing Psalms with them, then slip back to the shop where he had been sent as night-watch - man. According to Hindu philosophy the low-castes have sprung from the feet of Brahma. The cleansing of India’s feet( the work India—Evangelistic Work. 171 among- the low-castes) is having its effect, and India like Peter is saying, “ Lord, not my feet only but also my hands and my head/’ The Rev. J. H. Martin, D. D., reports:—White Lyallpur Dis­ trict has no one engaged exclusively in evangelistic work", yet our Christian community is the best possible evangelistic agency, and our effort has been to impress this upon the people of every village, and that not without good results. I have been present in more than 200 services for Christians during the year, which were sometimes largely attended by non-Christians. As we have time and strength we visit non-Christian quarters in villages where there are Christian communities. The attitude of non- Christians to the Gospel is more that of indifference than of oppo­ sition. People in Lyallpur are so interested in money-making that they are not much concerned about religion. We have sold some copies of the Gospel. There have been only 152 baptisms. The small number is due to the fact that most of the class from which our Christians come have been baptized in villages where there are Christians, and we have no forces for work in other villages which are call­ ing for teaching. We have been compelled to reduce our force of workers during the year on account of the lack of funds. The encouragements are many. There is a class of people beginning to come in, and in many villages they are calling for instruction. There are thousands of them in the district, and as soon as we have the men to work among them, there will be large ingatherings. The Rev. J. H. Stewart of Pathankot writes:—Pathankot District work has suffered much the past year from the loss of two high-grade evangelists. Chiefly on account of the change in workers, we have not used the lantern much. However, in seven places we had audiences of from two hundred to eight hundred people, who gladly heard the Bible stories illustrated on the canvas. In one place which we visited for the first time, we were well received, preaching for over an hour to more than one hundred hearers. They bought all the Bible portions and Psalm­ books we had, and ordered more sent to them. One worker was sent to live in Kathua, a village of our district which is in the native state of Jammu. Fifty-six had recently been baptized there. The Hindu land-owners did not want the worker there and did everything they could to get rid of him. They compelled the men who had rented him a house, to turn him out, but he got a tent and lived in it. Then they forbade the water-carriers to supply either him or the Christians with water, thereby compelling then} to bring water from the river a mile away, or to drink water from a stagnant pond. The Christians were forbidden, also, to graze their cattle on 172 India—Evangelistic Work. public land, and their wages were cut off. They persevered in prayer, however, and their water-supply was restored. When the extreme heat came the worker could no longer live in the tent, so had to go to another place. Before he left a wedding occurred among the Christians, and as usual the Hindu saloon-keeper laid in a large supply of whisky. He was very angry when not one bottle of whisky was called for. He held the Christians responsible for the loss, but they said, “ We are Christians now, and Christians do not drink whisky.” Later, after the preacher had left, however, the temptation became too strong, and some of them have taken to drink. A man who had been a drunkard and a gambler and an enemy to the Gospel, got into a fight with a Christian, and fearing that the missionaries would report him to the authorities' he came and requested baptism. After being taught he made confession of his sins and was baptized. Hie has since been a regular attendant at church and is very eager to learn. There have been 114 baptized and others are only waiting till their friends are ready to come out. Other low-castes, Chumars and Doms, are very near the place where they will either become Christian or go over to the Arya Somaj. Everything worldly tends to lead them that way, and only prayer and consistent Christian living on the part of us who are Christ’s, will enable them to see the difference between the false and the true. One man has been ready to come out for some time, but he is a victim of the opium habit. He has ceased his idol-wor- ship, admits the truth of the Gospel, and is getting his people to see that Christ is the only Savior. The Rev. W. T. Anderson of Rawalpindi reports:—It is with thanksgiving and hope that we write of the work in this dis­ trict. In no place in our older districts have we ever had better and more respectful hearings. In no year of our missionary life have we ever had so many calls for the Scriptures. Time after time my faith was put to shame by having the books all sold be­ fore I was half through my trip. We have sold, at full price, 4,208 books, most of which were portions of Scripture, in eight different languages. We have not been without some decisions for Christ; 14 baptisms in all, one from the Mohammedan and the others from the servant class. I had a very interesting talk with a young Sikh who admitted his belief in the divinity of Christ, but refused to confess Him before men, saying it was contrary to the spirit of the Gospel to confess Christ when it would give so much pain to his parents and relatives. That was a very skillful deception of the Devil to destroy the witness of that bright, young life- Another interesting character was an atheist who came to see me every morning for a week. He was not dissatisfied with his atheism, but said he wanted to get some of my morality by asso­ ciating with me. I told him I had none to spare; that if he India—Evangelistic Work. *73 wished any of my excellences he would have to go for them to Him from Whom I got them. He has become a staunch friend of mine and you may be able to pray him into the truth. In almost every railway station in the district I have ac­ quaintances over whom the Lord has given me a chance to have an influence. People sometimes threaten to appeal to the railway authorities to prevent the selling of religious books on the station platform, which they could do; but there has, as yet, been no interference in my own district, though there was interference on one occasion outside of the district. Of this large district we have been able to see but a small portion. We have not been idle; in fact, the life lived the past year may truly be called a strenuous life, yet we have simply touched the district, to which you sent us to represent you last year. What might we not report if we could see the hundreds of villages never yet reached by any preacher of the Gospel! They are mines worthy of the ambition of the most courageous prospector, and the results would satisfy the desires of the most covetous prospector. We would like to appeal successfully each year for four years, for one ordained, and two lady missionaries, to be sent to this district; then we would be making a beginning on this work. The work in Murree was most inspiring. Every day we had large audiences in the bazar. But we need more equipment. We need a girls’ school, a house for a worker and one for a preaching place. Who will invest in this prospecting scheme? The Rev. A. B. Caldwell of Sangla Hill writes:—The atti­ tude of the non-Christians has been friendly in some places, and expressive of dislike in others. At one place some of the vil­ lagers gave our water-carrier a beating, just to show their en­ mity to Christianity. At another place, while the Christians were being taught the necessity, efficacy, and benefits of the sacrifice of Jesus Christ, some Mohammedans took the opportunity to express their disapproval, by stating before the assembled crowd that such doctrine invited sin, and only showed that the atone­ ment was worthless. Great ignorance, inability to read or write, a low type of intelligence, long experience in gross sins that have blunted the moral sense, are some of the things that hinder new converts from being ready for work, or from manifesting zeal in the Master’s cause. The sale and distribution of Bibles and por­ tions of Scripture is encouraging. Many objections to the Bible were raised, but they are a cause for encouragement, for they show that it has been closely and intelligently read. The Rev. J. A. McConnelee of Sargodha reports:—The Hin­ dus and Mohammedans are ready to hear the Gospel message in most instances, and in some Seises are even anxious to know the truth; but there is yet no marked movement towards Christianity from among them. Only two Mohammedans were baptized in Sargodha this past year. These, however, are strong men, men 174 India—Evangelistic Work.

who, we believe, will become chosen instruments in winning to Christ their old co-religionists. The movement from among the low-castes still continues. The conviction is coming more and more to some of us that it is to these “ weak,” “base” things that we are to look for the real missionaries, the real winners of India for Christ. I was talking with two high-caste Hindus, and was telling them, in answer to their question, why so few high-castes embrace Christianity—because the Gospel usually first attracts the poor, and in this is its glory. One of the men spoke up at once and said, “ Oh, you need not tell us this. We have studied the history of Christianity, and know that it first wins the poor.” Many of the thoughtful of this land recognize that Christianity is bound to win, and they see, too, what perhaps the Church has not so clearly seen, that it will win through just such base instruments as these Chuhras of the Punjab. Through these God is going to redeem India. Two of our Christian workers, one a minister and the other a medical assistant, both from the low-castes, were teaching some Chuhras, and these Chuhras were especially degraded, ig­ norant and dirty. The head man of the village, a Hindu, came out to greet the workers. In the course of his conversation with them he asked who they wçre before they became Christians. They answered, “ We were just these,” pointing to the dirty Chuhras. “Oh, no,” he exclaimed, “you are fooling. . This can­ not be true.” “ It is true,” they replied, “ and do you know that likely the children of these very Chuhras will one day be teach­ ing your children?” The Rev. J. W. Ballantyne of Sialkot District reports :— Specific work among non-Christians consisted of one hurried tour into Jammu State,- four days with a large staff of workers at a fair, daily Bible lessons to all the village school boys, and bi-weekly services with the lepers in the leper asylum. No con­ siderable change in attitude towards Christianity is manifest among the higher castes. One Mohammedan farmer was bap­ tized, who still lives in his vilîàge and pursues his regular work. A Mohammedan tailor has privately confessed faith in Christ and is under instruction. When the Holy Spirit convicts these people of sin, there will be a time of turning, though fiery trials surely await such a movement, for bigotry and intolerance are enthroned in India. The Rev: H. S. Nesbitt of Zafarwal writes:—The year’s work has been chiefly among the Christians. We have not found the other classes very receptive, and the greatest need seemed to be to reach our baptized community which numbers over 2,000. However, we have taken advantage of many occasions to present Christ to non-Christians, and have often been encour­ aged to feel that we have made it possible for them having heard, to be saved. A striking illustration of the way our work India—Evangelistic Work. 175 appears to the non-Christian has come to hand as I am writing this. The wheat has been greatly needing rain. At the village where we are now camped, a leading farmer told our evangelist that he was persuaded that the rain would come the day our camp reached their village. Sure enough, as our tents were being pitched the clouds were -on the horizon, and all day today they have been pouring down their blessing. Shall not this be.taken as a prediction of what our Lord will soon do in the spiritual realm for these people ? Have we the faith of the farmer ?

OTHER EVANGELISTIC AGENCIES

The glad tidings.of salvation are given in many ways, and large numbers hear the message in bazars, at the fairs, in the reading-rooms; and, perhaps most important of all, through all these agencies people are led to read the written Word which is put into their hands. Although no qualified colporteur has been secured for the Gujranwala reading and sales room, it has been kept open, and more than 300 Bibles and portions, and an equal number of relig­ ious books, sold. In Gurdaspur the sales for the year amounted to $ 134- Twenty Bibles and 300 Bible portions were sold. Many men from the city visit the reading-room to read magazines and papers,, and to talk on religious subjects with the man in charge. In Pathankot the reading-room is used as a center for bazar preaching. The attendance was 2,638. There were sold during the year 2,508 books, of which 1,605 were Bible portions, and 4,285 tracts and small books were distributed. At the beginning of the year the workers were given 50 per cent, of their book sales. This enables them to give books when necessary, and yet prohibits the wholesale distribution regardless of desire to read. It pays to get half a cent out of a book, for when a man pays for a book, he will keep it and read it. Tracts are distributed to all who can read, and small books and Bible portions are sold. In Sialkot City, Rs. 86 were realized from the sale of Bible portions and religious books. Some literary work has been done during the pear. The Rev. Robert Stewart, D. D., L L. D., published and distributed throughout the home Church a series of articles on “ The United Presbyterian Church and Missions.” And about the same time he also published a second edition of his Urdu translation of Blakener’s Protestant Catechism, which will be useful in the present conflict with the Roman Catholics. The Rev. Jiwan Mall has written, and published at his own expense, a leaflet on Zarurat-i-Kafara (Necessity of Atonement). The Bible studies given by the Rev. Labhu Mall at the Sialkot Convention are being published by the Convention Committee. India—Evangelistic Work.

We are glad to see our Indian ministers contributing to the religious literature of the Punjab. Bazar preaching is carried on in all our Mission stations, though but few have reported. The people have been very attentive to the preaching in the Gujranwala bazar, where the pastor and one of the Bible teachers of the school have given the message twice a week. There are often as many as 50 in attendance, and sometimes more; and while they are inclined to support those who offer objections to the truth, yet they usually assist in quieting boisterous bigots, and insist that the message be heard. There have been many encouraging features in the evangelis­ tic work in Rawalpindi City. There has been a goodly number of earnest enquirers after spiritual truth, and some of these are ready for baptism. Some, who had made a profession and then fallen away, have been restored, among them a young Sikh boy and a Mohammedan, a descendant of the prophet. Both of these have, to all appearances, given up a great -deal in the way of worldly comforts and relationships in order to follow the meek and lowly One. Preaching in the bazar has been carried on regularly through­ out the year, usually three evenings each week, and the attendance has averaged about 200. A Hindu who visited the reading-room regularly, asked for the privilege of distributing tracts, and that too in spite of the pronounced opposition of his friends. There is an increased interest on the part of the people shown in their purchasing Scripture portions. There were 1,142 Bible portions and 1,353 other books sold. Mr. Nicoll concludes his report by saying, “As one faces the opposition and obligations of a great city, with its many encouragements and perplexing problems and questions, the cry arises involuntarily, 'Lord, increase our faith and zeal and love.’ ” In Sialkot City there has not been a great deal of direct preaching, excepting in the centers where there are Christians. These require all the time and attention that can possibly be given them.

WORK AMONG NON-CHRISTIAN WOMEN IN ZENANAS

When one woman had heard the story of Naaman, his lep­ rosy, the cure, and how he forsook his idols, she said, “ If Jesus were here we would all leave our idols, go to Him, and fall at his feet.” Is not this a call to us to bring Christ to these dear shut-in ones, to present Him in all His beauty and holiness, to show Hlim to them as our risen Lord, living, loving, mighty to save? Much of the teaching done by the zenana worker is done in the 1 homes of the people. These are the only Christian workers India—Evangelistic Work. 1 77

who come into direct contact with all members of the family. The home is the stronghold of religion here, as it is in every country. Were the mothers enlightened, the evangelization of India might easily be accomplished. No factor in this work has more power than the faithful, intelligent Bible woman. Mrs. Murray still continues her work in Gujranwala. Her sister, Miss McDoon, who was associated with her in the work, died in May. Since that there has been only one Bible woman. Thirty-five women read regularly with Mrs. Murray. The names of fifteen of Miss McDoon’s pupils were dropped from the list at her death as there was no one to teach them. More women and girls are becoming anxious to read English. This is largely an effort to gain favor in the eyes of their husbands who have an English education. Some are interested in knitting and needle work. A few want us to come just because of the Gospel we bring. Two young Mohammedan wiv£s have expressed their desire to be baptized as soon as possible. Miss Dickson writes:—Mrs. Dennison has made over 700 visits in Gurdaspur City and has given the message of Christ in 60 homes, two thirds of which are Hindu, and one third Moham­ medan. Some she visited twice a week, some once a week, and others less frequently. Visits to two houses were discontinued because the women seemed to be Gospel hardened. In March and April a house-to-house canvass was made along several streets in the city and a considerable number of Gospels were sold, also several copies of “ Fifty Selections from the Psalms” in Pun­ jabi. The Bible woman also teaches the daily Scripture lesson to twenty little boys in a small village near the city. Miss Morrison writes:—The usual lines have been followed in the work among the Jhelum women during the past year; we have principally visited in the houses where the women were reading or learning to read. There is more ambition to learn than ever before; two girl wives, whose husbands are in college, are making really strenuous efforts to learn English. Undoubt­ edly the women of India have greater liberty than ever before; many of the high-caste ladies o‘f the city exchange visits with us. The horizon is broadening, their understanding is deepening, and their responsibility is increasing. Let us pray for them be­ cause there is no manifest activity of the Spirit of God among them, no real spirit of inquiry, no sense of sin or of need of a Savior. Miss M. A. Lawrence also writes of the work in Jhelum:— Eight or ten women read regularly in the Bible and were visited every week during the summer. Others listened gladly and loved to sing the Psalms. One woman and her daughter read the Bible, and said they believed on Jesus as .their Savior, and frequently asked for prayer in His name. The mother was sick one day when a visit was made, and she said distinctly that she 12 178 India—Evangelistic Work. believed, and asked for prayer that Jesus would make her well. The prayer was made, then a Tittle talk, and the good-bye with a promise to come back in two days, as a journey out of the station was to be made. The promised visit was made to find the daughter weeping for the mother, who had been buried the day before. We can leave the ftlture of this dear one with Jesus, who alone knows the hearts of these women in the zenanas. It seems impossible for them to become Christians and this seeming- impossibility is a call to the women of the Church to pray without ceasing for them and others like them. Miss Spencer reports:—The Bible woman, Bibi Nur-ul- Nissa, in spite of failing sight and other infirmities, has been able to continue her work in Lyallpur, except for two months when her eyes were operated on. The women love her and rejoice that she can still come to see them and her physical weakness touches their hearts. Some hear gladly. There is no house visited in which the Bible is not read. Some are careless concerning religious mat­ ters, but they all love the Bible woman. The neighbors of a cer­ tain maulvi (a man learned in Mohammedan lore) say his wife is sure to become a Christian, because she is fond of the Bible woman and the Christian religion. She has bought a Psalter and other books. It is a sad thing that some listen for years, yet do not be­ lieve; while others are (as the Punjabis would say) “now apply­ ing the ear.” Formerly some would not hear the Gospel but only singing. Now the Gospel itself is also heard with pleasure. The houses in which they say, “Yes', come and sing, we will gladly re­ ceive and entertain you, but you must not read the Gospel,” are not so often visited. Some women who listened gladly have moved to towns where there is no zenana work. May they take the knowledge they have gained to others who have not heard of Christ! The woman whose sending away, when her friends feared she might become a Christian, was mentioned last year, has not returned. The sheikh, who is the head of that house, is very big­ oted. One regular listener, a pleasant Mohammedan woman, be­ came the mother of twins, a boy and a girl. The boy thrived, but as she had not nourishment enough for both, the girl gradually dwindled away, starved to death needlessly, for they are quite able to buy milk. In several houses the Bible woman has been asked to pray, usually for sick ones. Even those who have no thought of receiving Christ, believe that He taught His disciples to pray effectively, as they cannot. The Hindus know nothing of the fu­ ture state, and often ask the Bible women, “ After death, what?”' The Mohammedans know enough about the prophets to know that there is a life beyond the grave. The story of the Prodigal Son touches their hear.ts. I was much interested in an old friend of mine whose hus­ band, some years ago, requested us to discontinue our visits. He India—Evangelistic Work. 179 was willing this summer for me to come as often as I could. His wife was reading the Urdu Second Reader, but, if she had not time for both lessons, she had the Gospel lesson read first, omitting the other. She asked searching questions as to how we may be delivered from sin’s power over u s; where in the Gospels it is written that Christ Hiimself claims to be the Savior; but she now seems further from the kingdom than in former years. She seems instinctively to select the best teaching in Islam, and to have some idea of spiritual things. But the language in which she railed at her servant for cheating her, which made not the slightest impression on him, the cruel way in which she beats her little daughter for making mistakes in reading the Koran, even after the father quietly said, “Enough,” made me realize how very far short is her life from what it would be if the gentleness of Christ could come into her heart. She is a lovely and loveable woman, and this discipline was not in anger but because she thought it her duty. With what bitter tears do these little girls dampen the pages of the Koran. A Christian woman once told me that her being beaten for making mistakes in reading the Ko­ ran was the cause of her leaving the Mohammedan school and go­ ing to the Christian school, whereHhe love of a Christian girl soon led her to the Savior. Mrs. Sultan Bakhsh has worked faithfully among the women of Pathankot City. She has made 1,091 visits in 50 Moham­ medan and 35 Hindu houses, and has an aggregate of 2,764 hearers. Four of her pupils read and commit the Catechism, and six women have learned to knit caps and stockings. A palsied Mohammedan woman often asks for prayer in Jesus’s name. She gives evidence of real belief in Christ. A woman versed in the Koran said, “ Christ is all right but he did not pray. When told she was mistaken, and that Christ not only taught His disciples to pray but that He Himself spent whole nights in prayer, she was much astonished and said no more. Miss Rosa Wilson of Pathankot tells of some interesting re­ marks heard in zenanas. “Twenty-four thousand prophets came down from heaven. Which of them shall we obey ?” “ The Mirza of Qadian, like Christ, came down from heaven and did great works.” “ Our prophet will certainly entreat God and get a place in heaven for us.” “ Will God permit only Christians to go to heaven, and cast all others into hell?” “ You Christians are no better than sweepers. You are a people who worship no idol, priest, or prophet. You worship the Son of God. God cannot have a son.” “ It is true that we all sin and are punished, but our gods and goddesses will save us.’’ “ If We do not obey our idols they at once afflict us, but when we stand before them with folded hands, and give them something, then leave them, they make and keep us well.” “You people do not know, but at that time they do appear to us.” A Mohammedan womans says, “ The i8o India—Evangelistic Work.

Mohammedans will first appear in judgment. At that time the Christians will stand back and lament that they have accepted Christ and followed Him.” Another Bible woman has recently begun work in Sujanpur and is getting along nicely. Miss White has three Bible women, Mrs. Baptist, Mrs. Thomas and Mrs. Birbal, at work in Rawalpindi City. One visits 35 houses regularly; 25 women in these are learning to read and ten already read the Bible. Another visits 29 houses; five of her women are learning to read; eight other women read the New Testament regularly. Miss White writes:—Mrs. Bannerjea of Calcutta, a most earnest and accomplished Christian woman, spent the summer with her daughter in Rawalpindi. She said she would like to help with the Lord’s work while here. She worked regularly among the Bengalis, and her work was most acceptable to them. One day she went to the home of a leading Bengali family where we had never been permitted to say much about Christ. A near relative was very ill in Bengal, and they told her they knew he would die, for others of their family had suffered in the same way and had died. In her quiet way she said, “ We will pray for him,'’ and there with the family about her, she did so. On her next •visit they met her with great joy, for instead of receiving news o f the young man’s death, it was of his recovery. After this her words were eagerly listened to in that and other homes. The work of the Bible woman is by no means all done in the houses. As she walks along she meets groups of women as they sit in the little lanes spinning and sewing. Here seated on a bed or low stool she again tells her story. Since the rainy sea­ son the city has suffered terribly 'from plague, but our regular pupils have not been seriously afflicted. All classes of people are visited and many more doors are open than can be entered with the present force of workers. Concerning the work in Sangla Hill Misses Hill and Brother- ston write:—Near the beginning of the year our Bible woman was transferred to Rawalpindi, and we have not been able to secure another in her place. We tried to give at least one day a week to the city work. The women are always glad to have us come and as a rule listen attentively. A1 few are very eager to learn to read. A family came from Gujranwala where two girls had attended school. One of these girls had read to the Fourth Book, the other to the Fifth. They called us in one day and begged per­ mission to continue their studies with us. First we had a Bible lesson and then the readers. We met the grandfather and grand­ mother each time and they were very friendly. The mother joined with us in singing the Psalms. Towards the end of the summer the father came and asked that the lessons be discontinued, so that home is closed to us for a time at least. One little woman India-—Evangelistic Work. 18 1 who was very eager to learn last year has lost all desire to study. She has a young son and says she is going to live for him now, so why should she study any more? Notwithstanding these discour­ agements the general attitude of the people is friendly. Miss Emma Dean Anderson writes:—The work in- Sargodha has been regularly carried on since October by our English assis­ tant, Miss Stowell. There are 20 houses open in which we have about 40 pupils. In eight of these houses the women are learning to read. Among these is a young woman who has a Christian mother. When asked what book she wished to read she replied, "Bring me one which will tell me about Jesus.” Many were very much interested in the story of the Christ child at Christmas time and some said, “ Now we understand why Christmas is a big day with you.” Many of the women of the city go to the Zenana Hospital and there hear the Gospel message. Mrs. Shahbaz, the wife of the Indian missionary at Bhalwal, the second city in importance in the colony, writes:—M y'work is among Christians and non-Christians, and the amount of terri­ tory covered is about 15 miles every way from my home. During the year I met with 3,569 women, have visited several villages about the city, and held several services. I have been well received everywhere. Mrs. Shahbaz has a small dispensary for women in her own compound, and the women love and respect her. When special interest is manifested by zenana pupils opposi­ tion often arises. Miss McCahon reports one Mohammedan house closed in Sialkot because of opposition to the reading of the Word. She writes as follows:—The Bible woman took me to see a Hindu woman who surprised me by her knowledge of the Gos­ pel story and the number of Psalms she seemed to know. This woman and her mother, I was told, had been about ready to re­ ceive baptism when they came under the influence of a fakir. Now the mother’s heart has become so hard that she will not even re­ ceive the Bible woman. The daughter, who is almost blind, lives with a brother and still manifests some interest. It is difficult to say how many such there may be who might come out were it not for the intense and persistent opposition on the part of relatives and co-religionists. In Sialkot 79 women who can read are visited regularly. Miss Hadley reports:—Our Bible woman, Leah, continues to do her work faithfully. She was always cordially received in the homes of Zafarwal, as many as 90 women being under regular instruction. In August it was considered best to transfer her to Shakargarh, a city in another part of the district, and a field that seemed even more needy than Zafarwal. She has already gained the respect and confidence of the women there and makes regu­ lar visits in ten homes. We hope soon to find some one to fill her place in Zafarwal. 182 India—Evangelistic Work.

WORK AMONG NON-CHRISTIAN WOMEN IN VILLAGES In most of the district of our Mission field, the work among non-Christian women is given what time can be spared from the instruction o,f the Christian women. Very many gather in the Christian homes and hear what is taught there. The reason that more is not done for these women is not lack of appreciation of the need but lack of workers, 'for it is a very needy work. Wo­ men are more bigoted than men and cling more tenaciously to the old beliefs and customs, so the people will never be lifted higher than their women are. The work is very encouraging. There has been opposition, and there have been eagerness to hear and readiness to obey. The indifference of some is the only discouragement. The non-Christian women generally form the greater num­ ber of those who gather about the lady missionaries’ tents. Many come out of curiosity, others for medicine, and still others to hear the Psalms and Bible stories they had heard either from the missionaries or from their neighbors and relatives. Miss McCullough, who has been thirty-two years a mission­ ary, has spent all that time in Gujranwala. She is now at home on furlough and Miss Lois Buchanan has taken her place, and she and Miss Bennett are carrying on the district work there. Nearly always, when they are teaching the Christians, the message reaches non-Christian ears and the women are attracted by its purity and beauty. Miss Bennett says, “ In a near village the Mo­ hammedan women are most ready to hear the Word. They expect us to visit them every time we go to that village. Often after a rather discouraging attempt to teach the Christians these Mohammedan women receive us so heartily and listen so gladly that we forget part of the heartache we felt as we turned from the little group of careless, untaught Christians.” The Gospel has been preached faithfully in Jhelum District for many years and some of the Mohammedans have confessed Christ, but the great mass is as yet untouched. This year the Rev. and Mrs. J. G. Campbell and Miss M. A. Lawrence were trans­ ferred to other fields, leaving Miss Morrison alone in this work. She cannot go alone into the district, and so the great field, outside the city of Jhelum, is lying without any messenger of Jesus to the women, because of lack of missionaries. During the past winter Misses Morrison and Lawrence made a circuit of over 200 miles, visiting all the villages possible from each camp. In some parts they were gladly received by the women and their message heard, and here and there were women who said they believed. In other places, however, they were not even given a place to sit down, and curses were heaped upon them because of Jesus, whom the Mohammedans will not acknowledge as the Son of God. Of the seventeen years she has been a missionary, Miss Spen­ cer has spent all her time in Lyallpur. She has just gone on fur- HAKIM RAI, LICENTIATE, AND ISMAIL ONE OF THE VILLAGE SHRINES BUILT KHAN, TEACHER. IN HONOR OF BALA SHAH. Desceitdants of the worshippers of Bala Worshipped by the Chuliras, from whom . Bhah, who are trying to enlighten their peo- iiuni)/ of tin■ Christians have come. 1 pie. India—Evangelistic Work. 183 laugh, and Miss McConnell has taken her place in the district in which she had worked before going on furlough. She and Miss Beatty find the non-Christian women usually ready to listen, in fact, they often send for them to come and read to them. A Hindu woman who attended one of the services was much interested and bought a Gospel. She said to the missionaries, “ God sent me to you to hear more about Christ and to get this Gospel.” In plague time in Lyallpur District, when all the people were out in the fields in shacks, and there was little distinction between the farmer and his help, the ladies seemed to get nearer to the Hindu and Mohammedan women as they went in and out among them. They were nearly always very warmly welcomed, but saw few indications that the day of salvation of these people had come. Nearly all seemed content for their poor neighbors to keep whatever good there may be in the new religion, but are not desiring it for themselves. An old Mohammedan woman in Pasrur District sat down one day in a Christian service in front of Miss Kyle and Miss Elizabeth Lawrence, and said, “ Now I want to hear. I may not be living when you come again next year. So tell me about your religion.” A woman with a little girl as companion came one night to these ladies’ tent. She slipped quietly into the back of the tent and enquired if there were any men present. When assured there were not she sat down to learn. She said she was going away the next day and wanted to hear about Christ before she went In beginning their report of the work in Pathankot District, Misses C. E. and R. T. Wilson say:—“ 'How then shall they be­ lieve in Him oi whom they have not heard ? And how shall they hear without a preacher ?’ How often have we been reminded of these words as we carried the message to many in the cities and in the villages by the wayside, or at wells, on the house tops, or in the courts of the houses.” The ladies are well received. While they were urging some Mohammedan women to take Jesus as their Savior, one of them replied, “ You depend on Jesus, but we will depend on our prophet who ascended to the seventh heaven.” In one house they came upon a wedding, the bride and groom neither being more than eight years of age. The Misses Wilson told them the story of Isaac and Rebecca and the parable of the marriage of the King’s son, and they listened fairly well. These two ladies worked in 76 villages and visited 1,010 houses, 295 for the first time, and had about 5,000 hearers. It is very encouraging when women remember what has been taught them the year before, as Misses Brotherston and Hill found in one of the villages of Sangla HHll District. The wife of a Mohammedan maulvi and her friend had had a lesson the year before, and this year they remembered what they had heard, and listened to a new message gladly, giving the mission­ 184 India—Evangelistic Work.

aries a cordial invitation to come again. These ladies tell of a visit to one village as follows':—“ The head man who was a Sikh took pains to show us his six daughters, and told us of the cus­ tom among certain of the Sikhs of not letting the girl babies live. He said, ‘It is a very easy matter. If a girl baby is born in the summer they give her the juice of the milkweed, and if in the winter they bathe her in cold water, or let her lie in the cold, then say she died of cold.’ ” On returning from furlough Miss Cleland was assigned work with Miss Anderson in Sargodha. Miss Anderson reports:— Many non-Christian women come to the tent in Sargodha, and, as far as possible, none is allowed to go away without receiving the Gospel message. The greater part o f the year, a young woman, herself a convert from Mohammedanism, was with the Sargodha camp for special work among the non-Christians. Sometimes there have been as many as fifty women at the tent at one time listening to the message. As a rule the message is well received, but in one place the women said such awful things about our Lord, that I got up and left them, and said, “I will not listen to such talk” ; and the servants sitting in a little tent near by, rushed out telling the women to leave at once, and turning to me said, “ Miss Sahiba, do not talk to these women; their talk is very bad.” Throughout the Zafarwal District the women are ready to listen to the message, and Misses Hadley and Belle Hamilton had a hearing in each of the villages they visited. Three villages have been added to the number of those containing Christians, and in a fourth the people are ready for baptism. Two of these new villages are outposts in the unevangelized portion of Zafarwal District. The testimony given again and again by the women of Zafarwal is that there is no love like that of Christians. Those who show pity, for the most part only to their own kindred, are greatly impressed by seeing medicine given to one in need, or kindness shown by Christians to those who have no claim upon them. The great number of villages that have to be passed by, impresses the fact that there remains yet very much land to be possessed. India—Educational Work.

EDUCATIONAL WORK

VILLAGE SCHOOLS

I t is probable that 99 per cent, of the Christian community of the Mission lives in the villages of the province, and their children are dependent on the village schools for any educational advantages that they may have. Considering this, the impor­ tance of the village school cannot be overestimated at the present time. Once a man looking at the Spartan army said, “There go the walls of Sparta; every man a'brick.” Looking at the children of the Christian community today one might well say, “ Here come the walls of Zion; every child to be shaped as a living stone.” While Christianity is transforming the lives of many of the adult converts of the Punjab, they are men and women whose lives have, to a large extent, been determined. Their characters have been formed. Their lot in the world has been cast. They are living in the present, or in the past. .Generally, they are hopelessly bound by the social conditions of India. The generation of children is living in the future. These little ones have characters to make. To them is opened this door of escape from the blighting bondage of the past. They may become such men and women as to help in the freeing of India from her bondage. Missionaries and Indian workers are both of the mind that the place where effort should be concentrated today is upon the establishment and improvement of village schools. In them is the hope of the Church of tomorrow. The Rev. J. G. Campbell, in speaking of the schools in Pasrur District, says : “ The history of the log schoolhouse of America repeats itself in the mud school- house, or the banyan tree schoolhouse, of India. With a couple of maps, three strips of matting, and a rough table and chair for the master, it outdoes in simplicity the school of our forefathers. In its power to transform and elevate lives it demands our respect and admiration.” It is impossible for one who has not had experience, to understand the difficulty of maintaining and improving the village school. First of all the upper classes of India, who employ the village Christians, do not wish them to be educated. In days past the penalty for teaching a menial to read was most severe. If a man learns to read, he may rise above his degraded station in so­ ciety, and escape from his bondage. Often in one generation the educated low-caste man rises to a position far superior to that held by his poorly educated, or illiterate high-caste neighbor. The vil­ India—Educational Work. lage Christians themselves, however, have not yet reached a state of intelligence where the value of education appeals to them as ■being very great. Living in hopeless poverty and degradation, they are not willing to spare the boys from the little they can earn at herding cattle. With the pressure from without so great, and the inward impulse of the village Christian so weak, to secure his education is a tax upon the ingenuity and energy of the mis­ sionary. Concerning this the Rev. J. W. Ballantyne writes: “ We re­ gret that more Christians do not avail themselves of these schools. Though the number of pupils in this district is larger than in any former year, four times this number are within easy reach of these schools, and should be attending. Many parents grudgingly spare their boys, and more grudgingly their girls, to study in the schools.” The Rev. Robert Maxwell says: “ The parents, while insistent that the schools be kept open, are not very careful about keeping the children in school, and much of the teacher’s success •depends upon his ability to gather and hold a little group of chil­ dren, whom scarcely any onlooker would blame the Hindu for calling untouchables. Sometimes the parents are willing to help in order to insure that their children may not remain the dregs of the conservancy department, but at others they will cite in­ stances of boys who have received some education, who are em­ ployed on wages less than is received by their parents, in spite of the ignorance of the latter.” Notwithstanding this the work is most encouraging. While many of those reporting on the village school work speak of discouragements, every one speaks of the encouragements. The Rev. J. G. Campbell writes: “ Pasrur District contains Marali, one of the first district schools of the Mission. It was founded by Dr. Martin, under great opposition, and for a time its only pupils were two old men. Gradually people began to overcome their prejudices, and the school became one of the greatest feed­ ers of the Mission. In it read such men as Professor Labhu Mall, Rev. Mallu Chand, and Rev. Phagu Mall.” The Rev. H. S. Nes­ bitt says: “ This branch of our work still continues to be one of the most encouraging of its kind in any part of our field. Of 345 pupils now reading, 172 are Christian boys, and 44 are Christian girls. The religious instruction given to the pupils has been well remembered, and the Bible knowledge is as remarkable as it is gratifying.” The Rev. J. W. Ballantyne, one of those most ex­ perienced and most interested in village school work, writes: “ In four respects there is encouragement. The number of Christian teachers is not only increasing, but in efficiency they are improv­ ing. More pupils aré reading in the upper grades. More boys than ever before go from their own to neighboring villages to school. Over two dozen walk daily from one half mile to two miles. We have ten boys and one girl reading in the local gov­ India—Educational Work. 187 ernment school. The Hindu inspectors insist now that the low- caste children may read in the government schools, and have every right and attention accorded to the high-caste boy. Only in very recent years has this become practicable.” A village school not only touches the Christian community, but it touches the village in many instances, in a very vital way. Often the Mission school is the only school in the village. In that case the people of the village gladly avail themselves of the op­ portunity to have their children educated. Very often when there is a government school, the Mission school instruction is held in such esteem that boys are sent to the Mission school in prefer­ ence. Boys educated in the Mission school cannot have the same attitude to 'Christianity that their fathers have had, if they have been under a Christian teacher. In contrast to the above, the following is reported by the Rev. J. A. McConnelee: “ We have had to close five schools because of lack of money to keep them running. In the face of the tre­ mendous need for the education of the new generation of the Christians in the large Christian community, this seems almost like suicide. We have now only eleven schools in this district for a Christian community of nearly 8,000.” Very earnest prayer is needed that God will raise up Christian teachers for these schools, who will be worthy to shape these little lives for His Church in India.

BOARDING SCHOOLS FOR CHRISTIANS

THE CHRISTIAN TRAINING INSTITUTE, SIALKOT

Manager, T h e R e v . T . E . H o l l i d a y , d.d

Headmaster, M a u l a B a k h s h , E s q u i r e , b .a . The Rev. T. E. Holliday reports: There has been a total enrolment for the year of 244, with an average attendance of 196. The main boarding house proved inadequate, so ten of the boys were lodged in another house on the compound. The general health of the boys has been good, except for a few cases of sore eyes and fever. In April one of the boys of the Middle Department returned from his home, suffering from a very malignant type of plague. The case proved fatal, but it was isolated and no other cases developed on the compound. In committing Yusaf’s body to the grave we were glad to know that he had known Christ, and witnessed for Him. The proportion of Christian and non-Christian day pupils remains nearly the same as last year. In the annual tests in March over 80 per cent, of the boys were successful in the secu­ lar branches, and from 85 to 90 per cent., according to the de­ partments, passed in the religious subjects. About 20 boys re­ ceived prizes for good work done. In the Third Middle exami­ 1 88 India—Educational Work. nation 9 out of 10 boys passed. 4 of whom became village school teachers, and 5 are reading in the City High School. In the Dis­ trict Tournament Rs. 15 came to our boys as prizes. A literary club has been formed among the upper classes, and will prove of great benefit to the boys. There are 11 teachers on the staff, 4 Christian and 7 Mo­ hammedan. After the summer vacation Maula Bakhsh, B. A., a graduate of this institution, and of the Gordon Mission College, who had completed the normal course at the Government Train­ ing College, became headmaster. After a long search three addi­ tional trained teachers have been added to the staff. A new boarding master and a clerk have been installed. It is hoped that these changes will result in good for the school. A new water plant has been provided, which supplies water to the different parts of the boarding house. The boys are much better pleased with this than with the old service, and the saving in wages of water-carriers will soon cover the expense. The Government has materially reduced our boarding house grant in common with others of the Punjab, but the school grant is slightly advanced over last year. Two more recitation rooms are much needed. The school was again generously remembered at the Christ­ mas season by our friends of the Third 'Church, Pittsburgh, Pa., and the hearts of teachers and boys were gladdened. The Rev. Kathu Mall says: “ The spiritual state of the school has continued good.” Special services were held at the close of the summer term. Ten boys have been added to the congrega­ tion on profession of faith. The Sabbath collections were Rs. 130. Preaching bands continue to go out frequently to the vil­ lages. The Sabbath school and the Young People’s Societies have been carried on as formerly."

GIRLS’ BOARDING SCHOOL, SIALKOT

Managers, Miss F. C. M a r t i n .

M i s s M . R . M a r t i n . Miss M. R. Martin reports: The attendance has been about the same as last year. The work in the school has been carried on along the same lines as formerly, but the quality o f the work has suffered from an un­ precedented amount of sickness, especially among the teachers. At this writing most of them have recovered and are at work again. Permanent teachers have been secured, and we close the year with a fairly complete staff, and the prospect of better work next year. During the latter part of the year the health of the school was remarkably good. Since Christmas an epidemic of influenza has interfered considerably with the work. India—Educational Work. 189

The Sabbath school and the Christian Endeavor Society have been kept up as usual. Twenty-two girls united with the church .during the year. The spiritual life of the girls has deepened and we see a marked improvement in their daily life. A former pupil who is now a teacher in the school says, “ How admirable the idea and blessed the judgment of the enlightened one by whose thought and solicitude this school was established. Although at the time of establishing it the results were not manifest, yet the labor and efforts of those who have shared in the work have ac­ complished much. It is no light task to educate ignorant and il­ literate girls, yet hundreds of girls and women have been trained in this school, and are now devoting themselves to making proper homes for their children. Many have become teachers in the schools of the Punjab, many are Bible women and carry the Word to thousands, many are workers in different mission hospitals, and each one looks back to the training that she obtained in this school. Many girls have gone back to their parents, and have become a blessing to the community in which they live, teaching them things concerning the better life.”

THE GIRLS’ BOARDING SCHOOL, GTTJR AN WALA

Manager, Miss M a r g a r e t M. W i l s o n . Miss Wilson reports: The Boarding School has this year had as many boarders as could be accommodated in its crowded quarters. Of its 25 girls, 15 are under twelve, and the other 10 are under fourteen. More than half of them are children of newly baptized parents, who still do sweeper’s work in their villages. They have been taught a little reading, writing, arithmetic, sewing, cooking, and washing, many Psalms, Bible verses and portions of chapters. We have tried also to teach them not to lie and pilfer, to hate vermin, filth, and shiftlessness generally, to obey their teachers, control their tongues, and to love God and one another. They have had no ma­ tron this year, and considering their lack of home training, they have indeed done well to get their lessons and to do their house­ work without the help of an older person. One wonders what class of.children of their age in America could have done better. Much credit is due to their two Indian teachers, who have been faithful in their class work and most helpful in overseeing the housework.

THE AVALON GIRLS’ HIGH SCHOOL, PATHANKOT

Manager, Miss M'a r y J. C a m p b e l l . Miss Campbell reports: The school is in a prosperous condition, and there are many things for which praise should be given. India—Educational Work.

The end of the year 19 11 shows $5,666 in hand, out of the $10,000 asked for the building. On November 21st the front por­ tion of the new building was begun, and by December 31st the' lower story was almost finished. In two years’ time the number of boarders has grown from 38 to 60, while the accommodations remain the same, only enough for forty, and forty others have been turned away because we have no place for them. A rented building affords night shelter for 16 girls under the care of Miss Schwab. God has given us success in our year’s work, and 98 per cent, of our girls passed in both government and Bible examinations. The inspectress wrote in the log-book, “ Since last year there are several notable improvements, viz., the kindergarten work in which greater interest is being taken, the introduction of drawing throughout the school, and the appointment of a maulvi to teach Urdu and Persian. English in all the classes has improved. Needle work is good and the girls all learn to make their own clothes.” Only one case of serious illness occurred during the year and this patient is slowly recovering. We praise God for the good work that has been done, and for the many friends who have supported our work so faithfully.

INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS

BOYS’ INDUSTRIAL HOME, GUJRANWALA.

Manager, T h e R e v . O s b o r n e C r o w e . Assistant, A. A. Biswas, Esquire.

The Rev. Osborne Crowe reports: The number of boys in attendance continues about the same as last year. Work has been carried on in all the depart­ ments with varying degrees of success, but no innovations have been made. The conduct of the boys, with few ejfceptions, has been very good. Bible teaching has been regular, and the boys are all gaining a fair knowledge of the Bible. The school stood high in the All-India Sabbath School Examination. Morn­ ing and evening chapel services are held daily, and a weekly pray­ er-meeting conducted, in which many of the boys take part. The health of the boys has been good. One boy who ran away two years ago returned last spring very low with tuberculo­ sis, and after lingering for a few days, passed away. This was the only death in the school last year. Most of the boys exercise for an hour daily on the play ground. We have a good cricket team, and also a good hockey team that has been victorious in all games the past year. G o o d India—Educational Work. 191 substantial food has been provided, and the physical development has been good. Building work has been carried on in connection with the Hbme, and some of the boys who commenced mason work last year, are making fair progress. Others are taking up this line of work. Quite a number of the boys have entered the carpentry department during the year while the same number continue in: the blacksmithing and tailoring departments, and not so many in the weaving and shoemaking departments. Two things hinder the institution from becoming self-sup- porting. First, the dearth of efficient teachers; second, as soon as. the boys acquire a small degree of ability, and are capable of earn­ ing something at any of the trades, they leave the Home. The great need of the institution is the enlargement of the work-shops, and equipment in the way of an engine, saw, and planer. It is hoped that these may be obtained in the near future..

THE GIRLS’ INDUSTRIAL HOME, PASRUR

Managers, Miss E. J. Martin.

M i s s M . C . H o r m e l . Misses Martin and Hormel report: The full number enrolled during the year was 136, of whom 12 were little orphan boys, and 8 were day pupils. About half the girls are orphans, and half from the different districts. The average number of boarders has been about no. The general health of the girls has improved, though there have been four deaths from tuberculosis. Two of these occurred in the tubercular camp connected with the school, one in the- Memorial Hospital, Sialkot, and one in the sanitarium at Almorah. All these cases were of several years’ standing. Two day pupils died of plague, and there was one case of plague in the school, but the patient recovered. There have been several changes in the staff. The efficient matron, who had given loving, faithful service for several }'ears, was married in October, leaving her place vacant. The head- teacher also left and her place has been filled by Mrs. Benjamin, who has taken up her duties with interest. The inspectress has not yet sent us her report, but the results known were not as favorable as could be wished. The results of the Bible examina­ tion were very good. All cloth needed in the school was woven in the weaving de­ partment, and $153 worth sold. Through the kindness of friends interested by missionaries, on furlough, a very happv Christmas was enjoyed by the girls. Ainother friend sent a gift of Bibles, and two missionaries gave money for books and toys. Our only regret was that none of* these friends could see the pleasure their gifts produced. 192 India—Educational Work.

The -Home lost a loyal friend in Dr. Brandon, and he had no more sincere mourners than the famine orphan girls, who looked on him as a father. As in former years generous friends have remembered the orphans. A canvass of contributions shows that money has come from _ California, Oregon, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and friends in India.

CITY GIRLS’ SCHOOLS The work of the city schools for girls has been very encour­ aging. Miss Morrison of Jhelum writes:—About 50 girls, Hindus, Mohammedans, and Christians attend the school. They were very proud when the inspectress commended the cleanliness, order, and scholarship of the school. The average attendance is excel­ lent, as is the interest both in Bible and secular lessons. Miss Anderson of Sargodha writes:—The school had an enrolment of 42, of whom 12 were Christians. In April, a young Pathan woman of high family left her home one night, and found her way to the home of Mrs. Joseph, the teacher of the school. From there she was helped to a place of safety. The Moham­ medans öf the city were much enraged and blamed the teacher, of course, though she had nothing to do with the woman’s leaving home, and forbade all Mohammedans sending their children to the Mission school. As a result, 30 dropped out in a single day. We are sorry to lose these girls, as some of them had been with us since the opening of the school, and had gotten on nicely with their studies. There are six boarders in the Zenana Home. One of these little girls was given to us by the police officer, who had rescued her from some wicked people who had either enticed or stolen her from her home. Two are little orphans found begging in one of the villages, who were made over to the missionaries with the consent otf their uncle. Miss L. B. Hamilton of Zafarwal writes:—The attendance has been less than last year on account of the plague which made necessary the closing of the school for a time. The six pupils who took the Bible examination in July passed with credit. Misses Cowden and J. E. Martin of Khangah Dogran re­ port:—The Martinpur Girls’ School has been doing good work this year. We find it hard to keep up the staff when the mission­ ary is not able to supervise the school personally. About 70 have been enrolled, and the average attendance has been 55. Eight passed out and were sent to the Girls’ Boarding School, Sialkot, last year, and four more are ready to go. An encouraging fea­ ture has been greater interest in Bible study. Miss Campbell of Pathankot writes:—The city school has an attendance of 40, all Mohammedans. There are four classes, and India—Educational Work. 19 3 in the examination there was but one failure. Unusual interest has been taken in Bible study, and some have learned to pray. Three girls from this school attend the High School, and others desire to join. Two Christian girls and one Mohammedan do all the teaching. In June Mrs. McClure went on furlough and Miss J. L. White took charge of the Rawalpindi Middle School. She writes:—The attendance has been exceedingly good during the year, and the interest of the girls excellent. The school was closed during the fall on account of plague, but at the close of the year it was re-opened. Our examination was held early in Oc­ tober, and the inspectress expressed herself as very much pleased with the school, but urged the need of maps and more furniture. Of the Bible teaching, the examiner writes:—I find the les­ sons in Bible, catechism, and verses have been carefully taught. The course had not been finished for want of time, but the pupils recited well all they had been over. The headmistress, Miss Mary McAuley, was married .to the headmaster, B. Samuel, Esquire, B. A., of the Boys’ High School, Nov. 7th, but continues her work in the school. Miss M. R. Martin of Sialkot reports:—The attendance in­ creased toward the end of the year, and at the close the enrol­ ment was 80. The average attendance for the year was 44. The teaching is done in three languages, Hindu, Gurmukhi, and Urdu. The school has suffered considerably from changes in the staff. The examiner was pleased with the Bible teaching, especially in the upper classes taught by Mrs. Masih Diyal. The two most advanced girls, who had been associated with those who accepted Christ more than two years ago, and have not forgotten their testimony, seemed to have a heart knowledge of what they had been learning. Miss M. M. Wilson of Gujranwala w r it e s 'The school has had an average attendance of 167; 57 in the Upper Primary and Middle, and 1 1 1 in the Lower Primary. There is a fairly efficient staff of 7 Christian and 4 non-Christian teachers. The results in the Bible examination were good. In the Bar­ ing Memorial Bible Examination the school secured one third of the prize money distributed among the girls’ schools in the Pun­ jab. The total cost of the school this year has been $1,500, of which the Mission paid $1,167.

HIGHER EDUCATION FOR BOYS

DHARIWAL MIDDLE SCHOOL

Manager, T h e R e v . D. R . G ordo n. Enrolment, December 31, 1911— Hindus 68 Mohammedans %7 13 194 India—Educational Work.

Sikhs 48 Christians 17 180 Receipts: Fees, Governnrent grant, and contribution of The New Egerton Woollen Mills ...... $875 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 459 Total Expenditure ...... $1,334 The enrolment of the school is on the increase. There is a boarding department under the supervision of one of the Christian teachers. In this 18 of the Christian boys of the district are living and attending the school. There are two Christian teachers, and the non-Christian headmaster is learning much of the Way. A great interest was taken in the Bible work during the year, and all were delighted when 167 of the boys passed in the All-India Sabbath School Examination. Regular religious services are held in the school each Sabbath by the Bible teacher, who is a licentiate. Tlie school cricket team won the belt in the yearly district tournament. JHELUM MIDDLE SCHOOL

Manager, W. E. N ic o l l , E s q u i r e .

Headmaster, F a z l I l a h i , E s q u i r e . Enrolment, December 31, 1911— Hindus 78 Mohammedans 118 Sikhs 19 Christians I 216 Receipts: Fees and Government grant...... $267 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 385 Total Expenditure ...... $652 The Headmaster reports: During the year 1911 this school, though meeting with diffi­ culties, has steadily progressed, and the year ismarked with much success. The staff has been greatly strengthened by the appointment of trained and certificated teachers, three of whom are Mohammedans, five Hindus, and three Christians. The en­ rolment has increased by 19. There has been a considerable in­ crease in fees. The grant-in-aid was raised from Rs. 600 to Rs. 707 during the year. Moral training has received much attention. Efforts are made to inculcate in the boys habits of obedience, temperance, loyalty, and respect to their teachers, parents, and superiors. The teaching of the Bible has been faithfully done. School opens with a chapel service. We have Sabbath school at which the attendance is fair, though optional. In the All-India S a b b a t h India—Educational Work. 195

School Examination, of the 25 candidates sent up, the majority were non-Christians, and 18 passed. There are some inquirers among the boys and teachers. One boy won a Middle School scholarship in the annual ex­ amination. SANGHOI MIDDLE SCHOOL

Manager, W. E . N ic o l l , E s q u i r e .

Headmaster, B h a n a M a l l , E s q u ir e .

Enrolment, December 31, 1911— Hindus 22 Mohammedans 102 Sikhs _ 6 Christians 1 131 Receipts: Fees and Government grant...... $267 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 385 Total Expenditure ... $652

The Headmaster reports: For some five years past the condition of this school, owing to the opening of a rival Hindu.school, has been precarious. To­ day, however, in spite of the fact that the other school still exists and has recently been included in the list of recognized schools by the Educational Department, our school is flourishing. The enrolment is greater than before the rival school was opened, and the income from fees has increased. The number of boys in the Middle Department is encouraging, being at present 29. A large number of the leading residents are ready to support us, and, in spite of the recognition granted the competing school, a good many prophesy that the public will not much longer con­ tinue to support it. During all these trying years we have placed much depen­ dence on God, and it is our hope that He will continue to look with favor upon the work and bless it.

SIALKOT HIGH SCHOOL

Manager, T h e R e v . T . L. S c o tt, d.d.

Headmaster, E . M c M u l l e n , E s q u i r e . Enrolment, December 31, 1911— Hindus 82 Mohammedans 713 Sikhs 22 Christians 18 835 Receipts: Fees and Government grant ...... $4,061 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 467 Total Expenditure $4,528 196 India—Educational Work.

The Rev. T. L. Scott reports: The school has added another to its large number of success­ ful years in the education of the people of both city and district. Because of the increase in the number of students, the staff has been increased by the addition of one Christian and two non- Christians, and now consists of 6 Christian and 22 non-Christian teachers. The headmaster and Wazir Chand, B. A., and the other Christian masters, have worked faithfully and taken an interest in the spiritual welfare of the boys. The average cost to the Mission has been about $.55 a boy for the year. Each class in the school gets one period in Bible daily, as well as the chapel period.

RAWALPINDI HIGH SCHOOL

Manager, T h e R e v . E. L . P o r t e r , m .a., d.d.

Headmaster, B. S a m u e l , E s q u ir e , b .a . Enrolment, December 31, 1911— Hindus 436 Mohammedans 426 Sikhs 186 Christians 18 1,066 Receipts: Fees and Government grant ...... $5,562 Granted from Mission Funds ...... 1,246 Total Expenditures ...... $6,808 The Rev. E. L. Porter reports: There has been much of encouragement as well as discour­ agement in connection with this school. There was a very large increase in attendance. Many applicants, too, were turned away from the higher classes for want of room. There has been also a corresponding increase in fees, as well as expenditures, the amount paid by the Mission, however, re­ maining about the same. The cost of each pupil to the Mission fell from $ 1 to $.70. Among the discouragements may be mentioned the severe epidemic of plague which began in September, and continued almost to the end of the year, when it suddenly ceased, as we believe, in answer to prayer. Half the population left the city, and the schools were closed for a good part of the time. The enrolment is still below normal. The greatest discouragement, however, is the difficulty of securing Christian teachers for the staff. While it is true that our Mission schools in this respect are not inferior to those of other missions, still the fact remains that sixty-seven per cent, of our teachers are non'Christians. It is also true that there are India—Educational Work. 197 only forty certificated and graduated teachers in all the mission schools of the Punjab. Any effort to secure more of these men is apt to result in the sad spectacle of one mission bidding against another. Our best Bible teachers come from the seminary graduates, but the demand for pastors is so great that the employment of seminary students as Bible teachers, is likely to result in a school bidding against a self-supporting congregation, to the detriment of both student and congregation. Mr. Samuel, the headmaster, deserves great credit for the success of this large institution. The manager could give but little help, except in the way of advice and general direction. The esteem in which the headmaster is held was very strik­ ingly shown when he returned from his wedding trip, and the students removed the horses from the carriage they had brought to meet him, and themselves drew the carriage containing the bride and groom, from the station to their house. The Christian teachers carry on Sabbath schools and other evangelistic work, while the Christian pupils are active and in­ fluential among their non-Christian schoolmates, and in the Y. M. C. A. GUJRANWALA HIGH SCHOOL

Manager, T h e R e v . R o b e r t M a x w e l l .. Headmaster, B . C . C h a t t e r j e a , E s q u i r e , b .a . Enrolment, December 31, 1911— Hindus 356 Mohammedans 251 Sikhs 46 Christians 17 670 Receipts: Fees and Government Grant ... $5,064 Granted from Mission Funds 295 Total Expenditure • • • $5,359 The Rev. Robert Maxwell reports: Funds have not been received for the erection of a building. The condition of the old building can be learned from the last report. The number of pupils has been still further reduced under government pressure, but the inspector is of opinion that the building is quite unfit for a high school. In this we all con­ cur. On the 18th of December, 1911, he sent us warning, “ that if one year after the issue of this letter no improvement in the buildings of your school has been made, I shall recommend the withdrawal of the recognition of your school.” Examination results have been good. In the matriculation 37 out of 51 candidates passed. In the letter of warning about the building the inspector refers to the school as “ well taught.” In the District Tournament the school won first place in hockey, cricket, and the 880 yards race. In sports on Durbar 198 India—Educational Work.

Day we stood second in the tug-of-war, and won prizes in some of the races. Of the.Bible teaching the examiner wrote, “ It was much the most satisfactory examination, all in all, that I have been privileg­ ed to take.” The cost of the school as given above includes $279 spent in assisting indigent Christian boys. The government aid, how­ ever, is decreasing, and unless a suitable building is provided soon, it will be altogether withdrawn. The effect of this will be to increase the cost to the Mission many fold, immediately, and make necessary higher salaries to the staff, besides reducing the income from fees, and possibly completely wrecking the school within a year. The Hindu community is already considering the opening of a school to provide for the boys who are being turned away. All who read this report are urged to pray for the school, and render any other assistance they are able.

GORDON MISSION COLLEGE, RAWALPINDI

STAFF

The R e v . E. L. P o r t e r , m .a ., d.d., Principal and Professor of English. H e n r i R. F e r g e r , b .s c ., Professor of English and Mathematics. R a l p h R . S t e w a r t , b .a ., Professor of Botany and Zoology. P e t e r P o n s o n b y , m .a ., Professor of History. L a l a M a n o h a r , L a l , b .a ., b .t ., Professor of Physics and Chemistry. M. A b d u l R a h m a n , m .a ., Professor of Persian and English. L a l a S a d a N a n d , m .a ., Professor of Mathematics. S . J a g g a t S i n g h , m .a ., Offg. Professor of Philosophy. M a u l v i B a d a r - u d - d i n , Professor o f Persian and Arabic. P a n d i t H a r i G h a n d , Shastri, Professor of Sanskrit. The Rev. E. L. Porter reports: The college suffered much from the many changes in the staff during the year. Prof. J. B. Raju, B. A., resigned the chair of philosophy at the beginning of the year, and his work was di­ vided between Prof. W. H. Merriam and the principal, till a pro­ fessor was secured in May. In the beginning of May the chair of mathematics was made vacant by the death of Prof. Narain Das, M. A. His death was a great loss to the college, as he was speci­ ally qualified for this work. The classes in mathematics were taken by Prof. H. R. Ferger, to the end of the college year, June 15th. Prof. Merriam returned to America in May, having com­ pleted his term of three years. He rendered invaluable service during the many changes that occurred while he was a member of the staff. His readiness to sacrifice himself for the good of the institution, his counsel and experience, which were helpful to both professors and students, combined with ability as a teacher, and an earnest missionary spirit, made him a strong factor in the India—Educational Work. 199 staff of the college, and no doubt contributed much to the success the institution has attained. Lala Sada Nand, M. A., was employed as professor of math­ ematics at the beginning of the college year, Sept. 7th. S. Jaggat Singh, M. A., a graduate of the college, has been appointed offi­ ciating professor of philosophy, in anticipation of a professor being sent from America. The Rev. S. C. Picken continued to officiate as professor of biology, to the end of the college year. With the coming of Prof. R. R. Stewart, of Columbia University, Mr. Picken was relieved for other work. The number of students in attendance remains practically the same as last year. It was with great difficulty that the college was kept open through the severe epidemic of plague in the closing months of the year. We felt that we were in a very special way responsi­ ble for the lives of the students. The professors in charge of tutorial groups made inquiries as to the sanitary conditions in which the students were living, and provision was made for all who wished to do so, to come and live on the college compound. In the university examinations the results have been excep­ tionally good. In the B. Sc. examination both candidates passed with honors in astronomy. One stood first in the province, beat­ ing all previous records of the university. In the B. A. examina­ tion 9 out of 15, or 60 per cent, of the candidates, were success­ ful. This was the highest percentage obtained among the affili­ ated colleges of the university, and makes the fourth year in suc­ cession that the college has maintained this position in the B. A. examination. In the Intermediate Science 9 out of 15 candidates passed, and this also gave the college the first place in pass per­ centages. Thus in three out of four of the university tests the college takes first place. In the Intermediate Arts, 8 out of 21 candidates passed, which was about the average percentage. With the aid of a special grant of $323, made by the univer­ sity in 1910, and some special funds in the hands of the principal, the class rooms were refurnished with benches, and 100 new chairs were provided for the hall. The Mission has sanctioned an estimate of $13,000 for sci­ ence laboratories, additional hostel accommodations and a bunga­ low for American professors. These improvements are urgently needed to meet the present requirements of the college. We hope some friend, or friends, of the college, will contribute this amount, without drawing from the regular contributions for general work. 200 India—Educational Work.

THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, SIALKOT FACULTY

T h e R e v . R o b er t S t e w a r t , d.d., l l .d. The Rev. T. L . S co tt, d.d. T h e R e v . L a b h u M a l . The Rev. Robert Stewart reports: During1 the past year there have been 29 students on our seminary roll, 13 in the seminary proper, and 16 in the Theo­ logical Training School. Two of the former and six of the latter closed their connection with the seminary in June, while two entered each branch in November, making the total number on our list at the end of the year 2 1—four less than during the first six months of the year. Plague raged in and around the city for some weeks during the late winter and spring, and made us feel that we were living in the midst of death, but thanks to a kind Providence none of us, or of those dependent upon us, were carried away by its ravages. Owing to the advanced cost of living, on appeal, the Synod was induced to advance the students’ scholarships. As elsewhere throughout the world, there has been here a steady, and indeed rapid, rise in the cost of food, clothing, land, building materials, and the wages of laborers. Our supporters must remember this, and act accordingly. We are pleased to report the acquisition of a suitable site for our institution, at Gujranwala. We hope to have sufficient houses erected on it to assure the removal of the seminary to that place by the autumn of 1912. Accommodations for 30 stu­ dents and families, two houses for professors, administration buildings, and other improvements, have been projected, and some of them begun. The high cost of the land purchased, be­ sides that of building material and work, threatens to absorb all our building fund and more. The Lord has already raised up one friend to help us in our emergency, E. B. Mahood, Esq., of Pitts­ burgh, Pa. May others be led to follow his example! We need several thousand dollars additional. In order to aid our Synod to reach her evangelistic ideal, we dropped our class work in December, and for eleven days, like the seventy disciples, went forth by twos into the region round about, to confirm struggling congregations, instruct in­ quirers, and carry the Gospel to a needy world. Perhaps 200 villages were thus reached by professors and students. Pray that the seed sown may produce abundant fruit. The zenana part of our work among the families of our students has been carried on by Mrs. Stewart, and her assistants, Sakina and Hashmati. As we review the history of the past twelve months, we have abundant reason to thank God and take courage. Let us hope, too, that our friends may continue to assist us by their sympathy, their contributions, and their prayers. GUJRANWALA HIGH SCHOOL, INDIA.

A few of the 670 boys enrolled in this school last year. Special contributions received during the year have made possible the erection of new buildings to sup­ plant the present ones which have been condemned by the Government. India—Medicai Work.

MEDICAL WORK

MEMORIAL HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY, SIALKOT

M i s s M a r i a W h i t e , m .d. M i s s E. W. M a c o n a c h i e . Dr. White reports: At the close of the year we of the Memorial Hospital can say, “ One more year’s work for Jesus, one less of life for us,” but “ Heaven is nearer and Christ is dearer.” Yes, Christ is dear to our hearts, otherwise we would often faint by the way. Often Satan whispers temptations, and it is only by asking our­ selves, “ Would Jesus do this?” that the work can be accom­ plished. In the month of October a Mohammedan, a man of 45, came to the dispensary. During the feast at the close of Ramazan he stepped into a bed of coals, while serving in his restaurant, and burned his foot. For three weeks he gave four annas a day to feed the poor, believing that God would heal the foot, which remained undressed. His agony was intense, and being able to get no rest day or night, he came to us for treatment. The ap­ pearance and odor of the wound were indescribable. As I have only girls as assistants, I treat all men myself. I recoiled from touching him. Satan whispered, “ This is a woman’s hospital. Send him to the Municipal Hospital.” Christ said, “ Those Hindus will not defile their hands with him. You must do this.” For days the wound was so offensive that I was unable to take food after dressing it, but the foot was saved. The work becomes more interesting each year. The attend­ ance of out-patients has been greater than last year, 14,060, with an aggregate of 39,562 visits. There have been 697 operations performed, of which 297 were major. In addition to the work at the hospital and dispensary, 500 visits have been made to the homes of the people. The health of the schools inspected has been better than heretofore. Cases of tuberculosis have been few, not more than half a dozen from all the schools. .Of the nine babies that entered the hospital three have been re­ turned to their fathers, two went home to heaven, and four are still with us. The last admitted was a child of a leper whose wife had run away. We hope to save the child from that dreadful disease. I have been without an assistant since Miss Singh left on June 1st. The following is an extract from the report of the Inspector- India—Medicai Work.

General of Civil Hospitals:—“ In the year 1910 there were 6,897 operations of all kinds performed in the aided special female hos­ pitals of the Punjab. Of special operations 170 were performed at St. Stephen’s, Delhi, including 10 abdominal sections; at the Vic­ toria Memorial Hospital, Ludhiana, 162, with 44 abdominal sec­ tions; at the Memorial Hospital, Sialkot, 126; and the Lady Ait- chison Hospital, Lahore, 105, with n abdominal sections. The lady doctors who distinguished themselves by the number of im­ portant operations they performed were Dr. E. M. Browne, Lud­ hiana ; Dr. M. White, Sialkot; Dr. D. E. Pratt, Lahore; and Dr. A. C. Scott, Delhi.” We have two Bible women, teaching in the dispensary, and one visiting the homes of patients. She has visited 40 houses, making 3,694 visits. She has 80 women under regular instruc­ tion, while the number to whom she teaches the 'Word reaches into the hundreds. Each year the patients in the dispensary show more interest in the Bible teaching and the singing of the Psalms. Two patients who can read, borrow a Bible or Psalm-Book, and sit for an hour or two at a time, reading and memorizing Scrip­ ture verses. The two compounders are consecrated Bible teachers, and never lose an opportunity of speaking a word for Jesus. A woman came from the Municipal Hospital, who was al­ lowed to go home and return periodically for treatment. Notic­ ing her fortitude I asked how she had become so brave, and she said, smiling, “ I ask Jesus to help me. When I came I had no joy. All was dark, but now I have Jesus, and whether living or dying, I have Him to cheer me. I have learned to sing your Psalms, and do so when discouraged. The neighbors come and beg to hear them, and often I sing late into the night.”

THE WHITE MEMORIAL, PASRUR

Miss M a r i a W h i t e , m .d. Dr. White reports: I have visited this hospital regularly once a month, usually going out for the week-end, as that gives me a quiet day with my assistants and I always return "refreshed and rested. Forty-seven have been admitted as ward patients and 7,511 have been treated at the dispensary, with an aggregate of 17,826 visits. Thirty-seven zenanas have been visited. Mrs. Maidment, the hospital assistant, and Begam Faqira, the head nurse, are most efficient, and the two M oham m edan assistants did excellent work. Mrs. Maidment writes:—“ We hold service with the patients every morning singing a Psalm and talking to the people and offering prayer. Barkat Bibi, the Bible woman, teaches all the time the dispensing is being done. Usually the women listen India—Medicai Work. 203 well, but sometimes they are restless. They are very fond of Barkat Bibi, and often request her to tell the story of her con­ version. Some say to her, ‘You are an angel,’ and the Moham­ medan women say to her, ‘We are praying that you will come back to your old religion.’ ” There has been progress both at Sialkot and Pasrur, and looking back we can say with David, “Thou crownest the year with thy goodness.” “ My cup runneth over.”

GOOD SAMARITAN HOSPITAL, JH ELUM

Miss W i n i f r e d H e s t o n , m .d. Dr. Heston reports: As to buildings, the Good Samaritan Hospital remains in statu quo, but early in the year some of the land in front of the plant was bought, as a beginning of the necessary acquisitions for a frontage upon the main thoroughfare. Some time in the future all the mud houses which deface the landscape in this vicinity will be razed to the ground, and a beautiful garden be planted, as a sign of the green and flourishing condition of the hospital just at the rear. At the beginning of the year Miss Gordon was in charge of the work, with Miss Ward as hospital assistant,'a second assistant, a compounder, and three nurses. In March Dr. Heston assumed the responsibilities of the plant, with Miss Howell as superinten­ dent of nurses, Miss Money as hospital assistant, and a corps of nurses which has since been increased to six. There have been many handicaps to the work, that most felt being the inability on the part of the doctor and nurse to speak the language, and the impossibility of operating the principle of suggestion through the medium of an interpreter. All difficulties have been gradually surmounted, however, and in the autumn work was resumed with a full hospital, which has. continued to date. The surgical ward has become extremely popular, private patients have loomed above the horizon, and busi­ ness has flourished as one’s wildest dreams had never anticipated. The year closes with everything to encourage—the dispen­ sary well attended, the hospital ¡full, while the records show that the number of minor operations has nearly doubled, and the major nearly quadrupled. Stone cases, cancers, tumors, cataracts, and many other varieties, have come under the knife with gratifying results. All these things speak (especially in the cold weather, when these people like to cuddle down in their warm houses) of the popularity of the hospital, and of the need it supplies. An excellent Bible woman has taught the women for some months, both at the dispensary and in the hospital. There have been some inquirers, and one, the relative of an in-patient, re­ 2 0 4 India—Medicai Work. mained as a,scrub woman, in order to be taught the truths from the Bible. Another—a hernia case—declared her desire to become a 'Christian, and she was kept on as a patient rather longer than necessary, so that she might receive teaching. The patients attend the prayer and song service in the chapel with great eagerness, and some pregnant seeds certainly fall into their waiting hearts.

KALA DISPENSARY

Miss W i n i f r e d H e s t o n , m .d. Dr. Heston reports: The dispensary at Kala was opened twice a week for four months and a half, was closed for six months, and was reopened in November. At that time the services of a certificated and ex­ perienced compounder, a woman, were secured, and the work has been doing well ever since. The daily attendance has varied from 25 to 40. As the woman is married and has a family, they make a Christian center whose influence will surely be felt. A small room has been fitted up which will be used for a little school and reading-room, where her husband can have a work for the boys and men. He will also preach in the town and in the adjacent vil­ lages. SARGODHA MISSION HOSPITAL

M. M. B r o w n , m .d . Dr. Brown reports: We cannot boast of overwhelming crowds of patients, nor of brilliant operations, neither can we point to any individual con­ versions as a result of the year’s work, but we can say that the Lord has been with us. The Indian members of the staff show increased interest in the souls of others, and a humble willing­ ness to do, go, or be, according to the Master’s wishes. This is especially marked in the Bible teachers both male and female. The buildings are the same as last year, and the equipment is nearly the same, but the staff has been reinforced by the addi­ tion of Daniel McAuley, who came to us after four years’ train­ ing at Miraj, and a new compounder who was trained under Dr. Lankester, of Peshawar. We expect soon to put Samuel, a compounder, in Chak 36, which is one of the most populous Christian centers. This village is 15 miles from Sargodha and has been entered lately by the Roman Catholics. It is hoped that Samuel and his wife will be able to fortify the people against error. James, compounder, hopes to go to Miraj in June for full medical training. In the women’s department some of the helpers have been dropped, and the staff is smaller than it was a year ago. The Bi­ India—Medicai Work. 205 ble teacher has done better work, however, and the medical work has been decidedly successful, as many grateful patients attest. The branch dispensary at Malakwal, a fast growing center, is doing fine work. Bansi Lai, who was trained at Miraj, and Nihal Chand, a Hindu inquirer, who has been with us over a year, are taking good care of the 40 to 60 patients who come daily. Bansi Lai does the Bible teaching, as well as prescribing, and is manifestly in love with his work: As to needs, I wish to emphasize again the need for a surgeon to come out in time to acquire the language, and be prepared to take charge of the work when the present incumbent goes home. We always need money and equipment, but our greatest need is the fulness of the Holy Spirit, humbling, cleansing, filling us all with love and self-sacrifice. Pray for us.

BHERA DISPENSARY

M. M. B r o w n , m .d. Dr. Brown reports: Carey said of himself, “ Though I am not brilliant, I can plod,” and it was this ability which marked him as the successful missionary. This is a feature of the work at Bhera, and surely the incessant, persistent, patient, day-by-day, year-in-and-year- out, steady work will not go unrewarded. From 75 to 125 pa­ tients attend daily, and they are carefully and lovingly preached to and then prescribed for. In the more than twenty years that the work 'has been carried on, no open conversions have been manifested, yet many profess to believe, and we have the sure word of promise, “ My word shall not return unto me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please, and shall prosper in the thing whereto I sent it.” The workers have been made glad by the enlargement of their dwelling, and the erection of a wall to protect the dispensary compound from the view of the neighbors. Bhera needs our prayers. Is it possible that the lack of fruit is due to our lack of faithfulness in prayer? The most pressing need is the power of the Spirit to make the Word effec­ tual unto salvation. Let us not forget Bhera! SUMMARY OF MEDICAL STATISTICS, INDIA, . 1911

a Louai Institution 13 ance ance at Dis­ pensaries ary Nurse new Aid Aid & s. •o Receipts 1

a

Memorial Hospital, Rs. Rs. Sialkot ...... T I II 104 732 697 14,060 39,562 3,586 2,075 White Memorial Hospital, Pasrur 4 10 47 129 7,811 17,026 184 Good Samaritan Hospital, Jhelum II 7 33 300 276 6,891 24,882 616 1,733

Kala Dispensary .. I 16 915 2,686 12

Bhera Dispensary 3 4 58 68 9,849 26,211 332 400 Sargodha General Hospital ...... I 5 12 92 158 6,593 n ,i37 270 765 Malakwal Dispen­ sary ...... •• 2 I 8 83 3402 7,881

Total ...... 3 I I 33 I64 1,237 1,427 49,521. 129.385 5,000 4,973 India—Needs. 207 NEEDS Opportunities for presenting the Gospel to those still out of Christ, many of whom have never heard of Him, become larger and more favorable each year, but the need for men and money to meet these is passed over in view of the critical condition of the Christian community. The following extracts are collected here to call attention to the present crisis:—

The Rev. E. L. Porter writes: “There is a very urgent need in the Indian Church today for higher education. Among the Indian pastors of our Church: there is not even one college graduate. There is not one to repre­ sent the Church in any general conference where English is the- language used. In our schools and college 200 positions are held by non-Christians, that should be taken by Christian teachers. The educational work of the Mission is not in any way adequate to the needs of the rapidly growing Church.”

The Rev. J. H. Martin writes: “ The opportunity to organize this Christian community into congregations is all that one could wish. They could all be organized into pastorates. We have only two workers who are eligible to become pastors. We should have ten seminary trained men. There are three vacancies calling loudly for proper men. In every case where the people have had suitable pastors or teachers, they have shown willingness to learn. They plead for some one to teach them.” Miss Anderson writes: “ The unbounded opportunities of this district are overwhelm­ ing; more people pressing into the kingdom than we are able to teach; more already baptized than we can care for with our small staff of workers, and a very limited estimate which will not allow of the employment of another helper; boys and girls in almost every village who might be in school, and people clamoring for schools, to whom we are compelled to say, ‘We are unable to provide either school or teacher.’ ” M. M. Brown, M. D., writes: “ I wish to emphasize again the need for a surgeon to come out in time to acquire the language, and be prepared to take: charge of the work when the present incumbent goes home.”

Miss Corbett writes: “ Nothing is more necessary than an outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon us all—missionaries, pastors, teachers, and people,, and the sending forth of laborers into the villages.” 208 India—Missionaries and Workers.

MISSIONARIES AND WORKERS

ON THE FIELD, DECEMBER 31st, 1911 GTTJRANWALA The District— The Rev. and Mrs. W. B. Anderson, Miss Hazel Bennett, Miss L. M. Buchanan IndianWorkers—Pastor— The Rev. Faqira Mall, Trigari Pastor Elect— Shadi Khan Evangelist— The Rev. Jiwan Mall School Inspector— S. Stephen School Teachers— Christian, 1 1 ; non-Christian, 18 Other Workers, 9; Licentiates, 5 The City— The Rev. and Mrs. Robert Maxwell Pastor— The Rev. Barkat Masih Bible Woman— Mrs. Murray School Teachers— Christian, 3 The Boys’ Industrial Home— The Rev. and Mrs. Osborne Crowe Indian Staff—Assistant— A. A. Biswas, Esquire Christian Teachers, —Haveli Ram, Khiishal Chand, Samuel Das; non-Christian, 2 The Girls’ Boarding School— Miss M. M. Wilson Indian Staff—Christian Teachers, 2 The City Girls’ School— Miss M. M. Wilson Indian Staff— Headmistress— Miss Mukerjea Christian Teachers, 7; non-Christian, 4 The Boys’ High School— The Rev. and Mrs. Robert Maxwell Indian Staff— Headmaster— B. C. Chatterjea, Esquire, B.A. Christian Teachers—Kesar Singh, Ladha Mall; non- Christian, 24 GURDASPUR The District— The Rev. and Mrs. D. R. Gordon, Miss L. G. Dickson, Miss K. M. Corbett Indian Workers—Pastors— The Rev. Gulaba, Khaira The Rev. Aziz ul Haqq, Awankha Pastor-Elect— Imam-ud-Din, Tibbar School Teachers—Christian, 4; non-Christian, 15 Other Workers, 5; Licentiate, 1 Bible Women— Mrs. Dennison, Gurdaspur City Allah Rakkhi. Gurdaspur villages JHELUM The District— Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Nicoll, Miss T. B. Morrison Indian Workers—Pastor— The Rev. Ganda Mall, Jhelum Other Workers, 2 India—Missionaries and Workers. 209

Middle Schools—Jhelum City—Headmaster, Fazl Ilahi Christian Teachers—Fazl Din, Bindra Bun Sanghoi— Headmaster, Bhana Mall Christian Teachers—Isa Das, Bindra Bun The Good Samaritan Hospital— Miss Winifred Heston, M.D. American Nurse— Miss S. A. Howell Indian Staff—Hospital Assistant Miss R. Money Nurses— Rosa, Viro, Martha, Elizabeth, Be- gam, Fahmina Bible Woman— Mrs. Fazl-ud-Din The Kala Dispensary— Miss Winifred Heston, M.D. Indian Staff—Compounder—OtherMrs. Lahna Mall Other Worker, 1.

KHANGAH DOGRAN The District— The Rev. and Mrs. W. M. McKelvey, Miss Henrietta Cowden, Miss J. E. Martin Indian Workers—Pastors-r- The Rev. Mallu Chand, Martinpur The Rev. Buta Mall, Satialli Evangelist— The Rev. Fazl-ud-Din School Teachers—Christian, 19; non-Christian, 2 Other Workers, 4

LYALLPUR The District— The Rev. and Mrs. J. H. Martin, Miss R. B. Beatty, Miss L. A. Mc­ Connell Indian Workers—Pastor— The Rev. Muhammad Husain, Lyall- pur Evangelist— The Rev. Paul Nasar Ali Bible Woman— Bibi Nur-ul-Nissa School Teachers—Christian, 6; non-Christian, 2 Other Workers, 9

PASRUR The District— The Rev. and Mrs. J. G. Campbell, Miss Mary Kyle, Miss Elizabeth Lawrence Indian Workers—Pastors— The Rev. Jamil-ud-Din, Pasrur The Rev. Wadhawa Mall, Bann Baj- Wan The Rev. Ida, Bhodi The Rev. Allah Ditt, Dhoda Pastor-Elect— Salik, Kali Bible Women— Mrs. Jones, Ruth. Amri School Inspector— Munshi Kaku Mall School Teachers— Christian, 23; non-Christian, 5 Other Workers, 6 The Girls’ Industrial Home— Miss E. J. Martin, Miss M. C. Hor- mel Indian Staff— Headmistress— Mrs. Benjamin Christian Teachers,4; non-Christian, 1 Other Workers, 2 14 210 India—Missionaries and Workers.

The White Memorial— Miss Maria White, M.D. Indian Staff— Hospital Assistant-Mrs. Jane Maidment Nurse, I Bible Woman, i Other Workers, 2 PATHANKOT The District— The Rev. and Mrs. J. H. Stewart, Miss C. E. Wilson, Miss R. T. Wilson Indian Workers—Bible Women—Mrs. Sulton Bakhsh, Lily, Dani School Teachers— Christian, 1; non-Christian, 1 Other Workers, 1 1 ; Licentiate, 1 Avalon Girls’ High School— Miss M. J. Campbell European Teacher—Miss Ida Schwab Indian Staff—Christian Teachers—Miss M. G. Mahli, F.A., Miss Ethel Dina Nath, Miss E. Singh, Fazl Bibi; non-Christian, 1 City Girls’ School— Miss M. J. Campbell Indian Staff—Christian Teachers—Zahu, Allah Ditti; non-Christian, 1 RAWALPINDI The District— The Rev. and Mrs. W. T. Anderson, Miss M. A. Lawrence, Miss A. M. Hamilton Indian Worker—Evangelist— Mr. Smith The City— Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Nicoll, Miss L L. White Indian Workers—Pastor— The Rev-. W. T. Williams, Rawal­ pindi Colporteurs— Elder Beni Parshad, Chambel Das Bible Women— Mrs. Baptist, Mrs. Thomas, Mrs. Birbal School Teachers— Christian—Gardhari, Imam-ud-Din Other Workers, 2 The City Girls’ School— Miss J. L. White Indian Staff—Headmistress—Mrs. B. Samuel Christian Teachers, 4; non-Christian, 2 Gordon Mission College— The Rev. and Mrs. E. L. Porter Staff— Henri R. Ferger, Esq., B.Sc., Pro­ fessor of English and Mathematics Ralph R. Stewart, Esq., B.A., Pro­ fessor of Botany and Zoology Peter Ponsonby, Esq., M.A., Pro­ fessor of History and English Lala Manohar Lai., B.A., B.T., Pro­ fessor of Physics and Chemistry M. Abdur Rahman, M.A., Professor of Persian and English Lala Sada Nand, M.A., Professor of Mathematics S. Juggat Singh, M.A., Officiating Professor of Philosophy Maulvi Badr-ud-Din, Professor of Arabic Pandit Hari Chand, Shastri, Pro­ fessor of Sanskrit India—Missionaries and Workers. 2 11

The Boys’ High School— The Rev. and Mrs. E. L. Porter Indian Staff—Headmaster— B. Samuel, Esquire, B.A. Christian Teachers—A. G. McAuley, Masih Diyal, R. Manoah, Failbus; non-Christian, 38 SANGLA HILL The District— The Rev. and Mrs. A. B. Caldwell, Miss K. A. Hill, Miss L. S. Bro- therston Indian Workers—School Teachers—Christian, 13; non-Christian, 3 Other Workers, 6 SARGODHA The District— The Rev. J. A. McConnelee, Miss E. D. Anderson, Miss A. L. Cleland Indian Workers—Pastors— The Rev. Farman Din, Westonpur The Rev. Mangu Mall, Sakesar The Rev. Buddha Mall, Sargodha The Rev. Karm Bakhsh, Chak 87 Evangelists— The Rev. H. D. Salik, the Rev. I. D. Shahbaz, the Rev. Labhu Mall Bible Women— Miss Stowell, Rachel School Teachers— Christian, 12 Other Workers, 7 The General Hospital— Dr. and Mrs. M. M. Brown Indian Staff—Hospital Assistants—Daniel McAuley, B. Samuel, James Bible Teacher— L. B. Richards Zenana Assistants—Mrs. L. B. Richards, Mrs. B. Samuel Bible Teacher— Mrs. David Bhera Dispensary— Dr. and Mrs. M. M. Brown Indian Staff—Hospital Assistant—Miss Prem Masih Compounder— Miss Abdulla Bible Woman— Miss Aldridge Malakwal Dispensary— Dr. and Mrs. M. M. Brown Indian Staff—Hospital Assistant—Bansi Lai Other Worker, 1 SIALKOT The District— The Rev. and Mrs. J. W. Ballantyne, Miss Henrietta Moore, Miss M. E. Logan Indian Workers—Pastors— The Rev. Gulam Masih, Chawinda ^The Rev. Karm Dad, Bawa Lakhan Evangelist— The Rev. W. Caleb School Inspector— B. Yaqub School Teachers— Christian, 12; non-Christian, 10 Other Workers, 10 The City— The Rev. and-Mrs. T. L. Scott, Miss Elizabeth McCahon For language study, Miss Violet Scott Indian Workers<—Pastor— The Rev. Gulam Masih, Sialkot Bible Women— Mary Anna, Bhajan School Teachers— Christian—Kalu Juma, Buddha, Bulaqi Mustata, Dina 212 India—Missionaries and Workers.

The Theological Seminary— The Rev. and Mrs. Robert Stewart, the Rev. and Mrs. T. L. Scott, the Rev. Labhu Mall For language study, the Rev. R. E. Ayers, the Rev. H. J. Stewart The Christian Training Institute— The Rev. and Mrs. T. E. Holliday Indian Staff—Headmaster— Maula Bakhsh, Esq., B.A. Christian Tea cher s- -The Rev. Kathu Mall, Gulab Khan, M. B. Scott; non-Christian, 6 The Girls’ Boarding School— Miss F. C. Martin, Miss M. R. Mar­ tin For language study, Miss D. B. Whitely Indian Staff—Headmistress— Miss R. Qutub-ud-Din Christian Teachers- -4; non-Christian, 2 The City Girls’ School— Miss M. R. Martin Indian Staff—Christian Teachers, 3; non-Christian, 3 The Boys’ High School— The Rev. and Mrs. T. L. Scott Indian Staff—Headmaster— E. McMullen, Esq. Christian Teachers- -Wazir Chand, Esq., B.A., Third Mas­ ter and 4 others; non-Christian, 20 The Memorial Hospital— Miss Maria White, M.D., Miss E. W. Maconachie Indian Staff—Compounder— Mrs. Bhagan Buta Mall; Student, Barkat Bibi Nurses— Miss Daisy Jackson, Hashmat, Lachhmi, Lakhma, Sarah, Louisa, Raja, Hurti, Sojia Bible Women— Mrs. Zorah James, Nahali, Kirpi ZAFARWAL The District— The Rev. and Mrs. H. S. Nesbitt, the Rev. and Mrs. S. C. Picken, Miss N. A. Hadley, Miss L. B. Hamil­ ton Indian Workers—Pastors— The Rev. Arura, Chhima The Rev, David, Ainowali The Rev. Mulaim-ud-Din, Zafarwal Bible Woman— Leah School Inspector— Munshi Elisha Bhajna School Teachers— Christian, 17; non-Christian, 2 Other Workers, 14 MISSIONARIES ON FURLOUGH The Rev. J. S. Barr, D.D. The Rev. E. E. Campbell The Rev. and Mrs. H. C. Chambers The Rev. and Mrs. D. R. Gordon The Rev. and Mrs.J. A. McArthur Miss E. G. Gordon Miss E. M. Gordon Miss F. J. Jameson Mrs. A. E. McClure Miss R. A. McCullough Miss E. M. Minger Miss ,T. P. Simpson, M.D. Miss N. J. Spencer India—Statistical Summary. 213

STATISTICAL SUMMARY

FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31st, 1911 I. FIELD Number of square miles ...... 24,223 Total population ...... 5,075.000 Total number of cities ...... * 35 Total number of v illa g e s ...... 9,339 Number of cities and villages in which there are Chris­ tians 1,365 Total Christian community (including members, bap­ tized children and catechumens) 52,029 Net increase in Christian community, 1911 . . . . 5,578 II WORKERS 1. AM ERICAN—Number of ordained missionaries... 18 “ Layman missionarj' ... I “ Married women mis­ sionaries .. . 19 “ Unmarried women mis­ sionaries ... 32 “ Medical missionary, man 1 “ Medical missionaries, women ...... 2 “ Short term teachers and European instruc­ tors ...... 3 “ Short term missionary nurse ...... 1 Total Americans at work on the field ...... 77 2. INDIAN—Number of ordained ministers ... 34 “ Licentiates 10 “ Theological students ... 29 “ Colporteurs 7 “ Bible women ...... 26 “ Medical assistants ... 33 “ Christian teachers ... 211 “ Other Christian workers... 114 “ Non-Christian teachers ... 209 Total number of Indian workers 673 Total number of workers, American and Indian ... 750 III. THE CHURCH INDIAN MINISTERS—a. Pastors 21 b. Stated supplies ... 4 c. Missionaries of the Synod 2 d. Professor in the Seminary 1 e. Evangelists ...... 6 Total 34 2 1 4 India—Statistical Summary.

Number of ministers deceased during the year 1 “ “ dismissed to other denominations 2 “ “ ordained ...... 3 “ Pastors installed ...... 3 “ Students licensed ...... 2 Total number of organized congregations 48 Number of congregations organized during the year 5 Number of congregations having pastors 26 Total number of pastoral charges 47 Total number of unorganized circles 110 Other places where services are held 523 Total membership ...... 27,357 Increase by profession ...... 2,550 “ certificate and restoration ...... 3.020 5,570 Decrease by death ... 513 “ removal andsuspension 2,052 2,565 Net increase, 1911 ...... 3,005 Number of adult baptisms ...... 2,373 Number of infant baptisms 2,698 Total baptisms ... 5,071 Contributions from the Indian Church— To missions ...... $ 708 To pastors’ salaries ...... 2,621 To Synod and Presbytery funds 161 To general purposes ...... 2,602 Total contributions from the Indian Church to Church work $6,092 Paid from Mission treasury towards Church and evan­ gelistic work ...... 7,350 Total number of self-supporting congregations 33 Increase in the number of self-supporting congregations... 5 N. B.—The Indian Church in 1911 increased its contributions 14 per cent. IV. SABBATH SCHOOLS*

Number of Sabbath schools 141 Number of teachers ...... 251 Number of pupils in Sabbath schools 6,133 Contributions $227

V. YOUNG PEOPLE’S SOCIETIES Number of societies 36 Number of members 884 Contributions $13

*A number of irregular Bible classes which were formerly counted as Sabbath schools do not appear in this year’s statistics. Hence the ap­ parent decrease. India—Statistical Summary. 215

VI. WOMEN’S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES Number of societies 28 Contributions $321 VII. SCHOOLS

Theological Seminary ...... I College ...... I High Schools for boys ...... 3 “ “ for girls ...... I Middle Schools for boys 5 “ “ for girls 3 Industrial School for boys ...... I “ “ for girls ...... I Primary Schools for boys ...... 180 “ “ for girls ...... 10

Total number of schools ...... 206 Number of students in Theological Seminary 29 “ '* College ...... 130 “ boys in H igh Schools 3,777 “ girls in High School 64

Total pupils in High Schools 3,841 Number of boys in Middle Schools i,I5I Number of girls in Middle Schools 720

Total pupils in Middle Schools 1,871 Number of boys in Industrial School 69 “ girls in Industrial School 136

Total pupils in Industrial Schools 205 Number of boys in Primary Schools 4,730 “ girls in Prim ary Schools

Total pupils in Primary Schools 5,214 Total number of pupils in all schools 11,290 Total number of Christian pupils in all schools 3,075 Number of teachers, men ...... 358 “ “ women ...... 62

Total number of Indian teachers ...... 420 Number of missionaries engaged chiefly in educational work, men ...... ^ ...... 6 Number of missionaries engaged chiefly in educational work, women ...... 7 Number of short term teachers and European mstructors 3

Total number of missionaries in school work 16

Total number of teachers ...... 436 Total expenditure ...... $60,982 Income from fees ...... $13,471 Government aid ...... 11,200 Industrial earnings ...... 3,853 Outside sources ...... 4,6x2

$33,136

Total paid from Mission treasury towards schools 19 11... $27,846 216 India—Statistical Summary.

VIII. MEDICAL WORK

Number of hospitals ...... 4 “ Beds ...... 164 “ In-patients ...... 1,237 “ Operations, major ...... 354 “ “ minor ...... 1,073

Total number of operations 1,427 Number of dispensaries 7 Out-patients, new ...... 49.521 “ return visits ...... 79.864 Total attendance at dispensaries ...... 129,385 Total expenditure ...... $10,901 Amount received in fees ...... $1,667 “ “ in Govt, aid and local receipts ... 1,658

$3,325 Total paid from Mission treasury towards medical work $7,576

IX. ZENANA WORK.

Number of Bible women ...... 26 “ Zenana visits ...... 12,519 “ Hindu and Mohammedan women under in­ struction 810 Total expenditure ' ...... $ 1,501 Income from outside sources $314 Total paid from Mission treasury toward zenana work, 19x1 ...... $1,187

X. READING ROOMS AND BOOK WORK

Number of reading rooms ...... 7 “ Colporteurs ...... 7 “ Bibles and portions sold ...... 6,317 “ Other books sold ...... 5,838 Total expenditure ...... $1,055 Income from sales $521 Income from outside sources ...... 76 $597 Total paid from Mission treasury towards reading rooms and book work ...... $458

XI. BUILDINGS

Number of dwelling houses for missionaries erected in 1911 1 “ Church buildings ...... 2 “ Parsonages ...... 2 “ Schoolhouses ...... 2 Total cost of buildings erected in 1911 $5,534 India—Statistical Summary. 217

XII. FINANCIAL SUMMARY

Amount received from the Indian Church and people:— For Church work $6,092 For school work ...... 17,324 For medical work 1,667 For book work ... 521

Total amount received in 1911 $25,604

N. B.—This is an increase of 1 1.7 per cent, over the amount received in 1910. 218 India—Statistical Summary.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY

DISTRICTS a 3 2 E CM E o .a, & U ¡2 art rt m CQ •a +j £ cce v -a JS s a U h tjranwala ...... 9 3 9 8 7 2 2,147 2 77 176 261 291 4,738 1,874 irdaspur ...... 4 3 6 13 7 6 2,181 146 50 145 227 4,338 2,112 elum ...... 3 1 9 1 1 36 9 * J5 3 70 704 langah Dogran 4 3 5 8 3 2 1,381 119 229 119 143 3,082 2,703 allpur ...... 4 2 1 14 2 1 2,298 167 *425 152 90 3,931 1.304 srur ...... 6 3 5 17 9 9 6,470 864 1,660 809 815 12,245 1,705 thankot ...... 5 1 12 1 270 55 59 55 57 430 306

:walpindi ...... ii 1 1 13 1 1 170 33 40 33 3i 322 1,413 ngla Hill .... 4 7 3,265 148 232 148 194 5,435 879 rgodha ...... 5 7 2 14 6 5 3,86i 347 598 299 318 7,706 3,038 ilkot ...... 15 6 7 16 8 3 3,157 213 24 180 166 5,878 1,273 farwal ...... 6 3 2 14 3 3 2,092 165 384 165 355 3,777 951 nod’s Home Mission ...... 2 2 29 7 *7 7 8 77 13

k

jrand Total .. 76 34 39 147 48 33 27,357 2,550 3,005 2,373 2,698 52,029 r8,27S

♦Decrease. MAP OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN MISSION FIELD IN INDIA.

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EXPLANATIONS:—Main Mission Stations are in Capitals and Underscored. Other large towns, not yet occupied, are in Capitals. Large centers, in which there are Christians, are marked by cross within circle. Villages, in which there are Christians, are marked by cross only. Other villages marked by small circle. The inset map, in upper right hand corner, shows the United Presbyterian Mission Field in relation to the whole of India. THE

1 1 th Annual Report

OF THE

American United Presbyterian Mission

IN

TH E SUDAN

FOR THE YEAR 1911 Sudan—Evangelistic Work. 223

EVANGELISTIC WORK

BY THE REV. J. K. GIFFEN. D.D.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY. Number of places where services have been held...... 9 Organized congregation ...... 1 Native (Egyptian), preacher ...... I Church members.—M en ...... 95 —Women ...... 68 - — 163, Attendance at Sabbath morning service ...... 279 Hearers at villages, but not in congregations, Doleib Hill ...... 31 Workmen’s meetings ...... 34 65 Total ...... 344 Contributions ...... $957-36

T h e evangelistic work for 1911 shows noresults that might lead to boasting, although there are features that have been en­ couraging.

NORTHERN SUDAN

The work of preaching the Gospel in North Sudan, so far as our Mission is concerned, has been delegated, by common con­ sent to the Synod of the Nile, i. e., to the Evangelical Church of Egypt. Three years ago there were three native missionaries from Egypt working in the Sudan; this last year there was but one. Apparently they have difficulty in finding suitable men for the work. For two years the Synod of the Nile has been giving no­ tice after notice, through Church paper and by personal letters and interviews through their Committee, which corresponds to our Foreign Board, that they want missionaries for the Sudan. The salary has been increased to $50 per month, with travel al­ lowance and a dwelling provided, and a vacation down home every two or three years at the Synod’s expense, and yet there is no response. The result has been that the work given to the Synod to do in the Sudan has not been done. It has gone back. To make matters worse, an unfortunate church quarrel at Khartum, the important center and important congregation, seriously involved the Synod’s missionary. The congregations here were divided, the missionary’s usefulness destroyed, and this work set back for 224 Sudan—Evangelistic Work.

years. There is no use to detail a church quarrel. It is the Devil’s work, which always pulls down and destroys. However, in spite of the drawbacks, there has been some good work done. Life has not been extinguished, but growth for the time has been retarded. Although the American Mission had no missionaries to put into this work either, still preaching was maintained throughout the year at each of the three places in connection with Khartum Center: viz., Khartum City, Khartum North and Omdurman. This has been managed by the help of the young men and teachers. At Omdurman, Mr. Dose Hanna, teacher of the boys’ school, largely deserves the credit, and the congregation is larger and in better condition than it has been for five or six years. In Khartum North the meetings have been reasonably well attended, although there the girls from the Girls’ Boarding School always help to swell the numbers. The attendance, other than the school girls (and their attendance is more or less compul­ sory), has been encouraging; but perhaps fewer of the Sudanese women attended in the latter part of the year than 'formerly. The meetings at Wad Medani on the Blue Nile, (150 miles from Khartum) have been better than ever before. The evan- gelist-colporteur has conducted the meetings. They have not been visited even by a missionary. Wad Medani is one of the most important centers from every point of view, and especially for evangelistic work; but hitherto the Mission has not had funds to press the work there. It is the key to all of the Blue Nile re­ gion and to Abyssinia. Property was purchased there six years ago and a house built by the missionaries, which has been held by borrowed funds in the hope that the Mission would be able to take over the property at least, and perhaps begin work. The only work that we have is that of the colporteur just mentioned; and as the prospect of getting funds to pay for the property is not greater than it was six years ago, the probability is that it will have to be sold this year. This seems like another move backward. In Omdurman the old property that the Mission has held since 1900, was taken by the municipality for street purposes. This was a very valuable property to us, because of its location. It is rumored that the municipality, after all, will not now destroy the place as they have changed their plans. If so, we may be able to buy it back, doubtless at a fair price. The property that we received in exchange for it was at some distance from the center oi the town and was without buildings, so that this left us without a meeting place. Money was secured' by a loan, without interest, to buy property in the town and on a prominent street. The property cost $800.00, and is still to be paid fo r; or, in case the Mission and Board refuse to do so, to be resold and the money refunded. As this building has a large court roofed over with TYPICAL VILLAGE SCENE AMONG THE NUERS, UPPER SOBAT RIVER. Sudan—Evangelistic Work. 225

mats, and is sheltered also with mats from the winds, it affords a very pleasant temporary meeting place. When the difficulties in the Khartum Congregation became so bad, the committee of Synod removed their missionary to Atbara. We do not know what success he is having; but a report of that properly belongs to 1912. At Wadi Haifa the only services that have been held were at the time of an occasional visit from a missionary who would be passing through, and always good audiences have been ready to listen. At one time when the Rev. Ghubrial Mikhail was passing through Haifa, the people literally carried him off and detained him for three days during which time he preached to them, the place being always crowded. Some Moslems attended these ser­ vices. Miss Zahiyah, the teacher of the girls’ school, on Sabbath morning teaches a Bible lesson to as many as fifty women and girls. From Dongola a man writes to request a missionary to go to them to baptize three of his children and spend some time with them. The service in Port Sudan, as in many other places, has been carried on by the people living there. It keeps life in the few, but does not reach out to the world about. As mentioned in the report on Education, there are more of the pupils of the schools attending church services than ever be­ fore. Greater effort will be made next year along this line. All of the pupils of the Girls’ Boarding School, and those of the Boys’ Home, are compelled to attend the Sabbath morning or afternoon church services, besides receiving other private instruc­ tion. Of the pupils of the day schools there are another thirty or forty every Sabbath, and thus there are about one hundred of the pupils of the schools in church every Sabbath morning.

CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR.

This report would hardly be complete without some mention of the meetings of the young men, that have been held here weekly for the last six years. The church quarrel showed its destructive­ ness here as, perhaps, nowhere else, and for a time the society was almost broken up. There are signs o'f reviving life just now and we hope that we will have a better report for 1912.

DOLEIB HILL

To read of the work at Doleib Hill is more heartsome. It is not a story of great crowds flocking to hear the Gospel; but it is simply a change—a change for the better. The missionaries are coming to know the people and the lan­ guage. This latter, especially, is a great point. Mr. Oyler in 15 226 Sudan—Evangelistic Work. writing- recently stated, “ One thing that I think we have made progress in, is the language. Of this I am sure: that of the peo­ ple who have come here to the services on the Sabbath and others who have worked here, some have carried away with them some Bible truth, and we pray that this truth may bring forth fruit in their lives.” It surely will. We cannot doubt this. It will not return unto Him void. It is a great step forward when the missionaries are able to speak with the people directly, without the mistakes, the coldness and the unintentional, or sometimes intentional, misrepresenta­ tions of interpreters. The one Shulla Gospel, the Gospel of John, now printed, makes the presentation of truth more simple and the message more forceful, as it becomes to the people both visible and audible. There is no doubt that the advance in the knowledge o'f the language will account, in a great measure, for the increased at­ tendance at the Sabbath services. Of course there were other services, for workmen especially, but these were compulsory, and are no indication of the temperature of the people, although great good may be done; but the Sabbath service is voluntary. Here those attend who wish to attend, and the average attendance at these services was 24 last year. Villages were also visited, with an average audience of 31 people every Sabbath. And then there was that daily congregation of workmen, a sort of family wor­ ship, where there was an average of 34 to listen to the Word and to the prayer. The life is thus brought into touch with God. This work has been largely in charge of Mr. Oyler, who writes, “The average attendance for last year was only 16, but this year 24 for the Sabbath morning service. We feel encour­ aged over this increase.” And very well they may be. He also writes, “ I have been talking every morning with five or six young men, Mohammad among them. They come into my room and I talk with them. Just now we are studying the Ten Command­ ments.” This is the first well-organized Bible class, and the be­ ginning of a class in theology. Mohammad has been with the Mission almost from the be­ ginning, and Abdullah was then a wild youth who seemed to care for nothing but war paint and the dance. But now speaking of him Mr. Oyler says, “ I feel that the change that has come into the life of Abdullah is genuine. “Abbas, who has been our interpreter and language teacher, has decided to leave the work here. We are sorry to see him go as he has been very helpful. We will miss his help.” Abbas has been with the Mission from the beginning and was the first Su­ danese to be baptized. He was a good student and a good, quiet boy and unusually reliable. He is a Fur, and so had to learn the Shulla as his language is Arabic. He learned the Shulla and also Sudan—Evangelistic Work. 227 the English remarkably well, and altogether was a remarkable boy. In his life’s story there is romance. “ We feel that we are getting nearer to the people and under­ stand them better than we did in the times past, and we are still putting a good deal o'f time on language study. As we learn more of the language we come to see how the people are bound by su­ perstitions and what a great power the medicine man exercises over them. Pray for the people that they may give up their be­ liefs in charms and enchantments, and put their faith in the only One able to save, Christ Jesus.” They still worship in the little, old, thatched mud room built in 1903. It is hoped that something better and more appro­ priate may soon be provided. 228 Sudan—Educational Work.

EDUCATIONAL WORK

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of schools for boys ...... for girls ...... 2 Number of teachers, Boys’ schools Girls’ schools 4 12 Number of pupils enrolled, Boys .. 399 Girls . 201 600 Amount of fees for instruction __ $1,266.34 for boarding ...... 356.90 ------$ 1 ,6 2 3 .2 4

BOYS’ SCHOOLS

T h e Boys’ Schools under the care of the Mission, remain the same in number that they have been for three or 'four years. The pupils have advanced in their studies, and the number of pupils has increased to just about all that we can take care of with the present teaching- staff. There is no doubt that these schools afford an opportunity for an influence that is far-reaching. No other agency offers greater. Unfortunately we have had no missionary who could give the time to the necessary superintendence. We have been compelled to leave the teacher to his own resources, and teachers differ very greatly in their ability and willingness to grasp an op­ portunity. Each of these schools is opened with the reading of a portion of Scripture and with prayer daily, and the aggregation of pupils that thus hear the Word daily is over 200, some of whom have special instruction in the Bible, but not all of them. We must always deplore the lack of zeal on the part of the teachers in teaching the Bible, especially to non-Christian pupils. This partly arises from their lack of faith in bringing these to Christ, and partly because of the many discouragements that ever come in the way, so that the results are seldom apparent day by day. Few o'f the teachers, and few of the missionaries even, keep up to the best that is in us in this respect. But notwithstanding the teachers’ lack of zeal, and acknowl­ edging every insufficiency, yet the schools are worth while—worth all that they cost of money and effort; and we do not believe that we have any other more efficient agency. Sudan—Educational Work. 229

The school in Khartum has undergone some. change this vear. The teachers that we have had were all young men, who had neither the tact nor the patience to teach small children. They were always neglected, and dropped into bad habits. This is a principle that belongs to the East. If a boy is to be taught a trade, he is taken on as a very small boy to stand by and watch his master, handing him the tools and the materials, and doing all of the dirty little jobs, until, if he is clever,he “picks up” his trade; and if he is not clever he never amounts to much. Small boys in school are treated very much the same way. This year we brought a Syrian woman, and placed her over all of the smaller pupils, giving the more advanced boys to a man. This arrangement has worked very well, and all the more so be­ cause this woman knows nothing about the “ red-tape” methods of teaching employed by so many df our young men. She has suc­ ceeded remarkably well in getting the small boys on (even the stupid ones), and has created in them some enthusiasm. The school at Omdurman deserves more credit than any other in getting pupils to church services. This is a most encour­ aging feature. The Omdurman school took possession of its new building in November, 1911. This marks quite a change for the better. The ground on which the new building stands, was a concession from the Government. It is well-located and ample, containing about one acre. The money for the building was a part of the Rocke­ feller gift to the Sudan, and so the ground with the building has not cost the home Church anything. The building received ifrom the Rockefeller gift, $4,000. The building has three rooms on the ground floor and one above. The rooms are separated by halls, are protected from the sun’s rays by verandas, are well ventilated and have clean tile floors. Altogether these rooms answer the purpose for which they were built very successfully. Khartum, too, has new rooms, which are built as part of a plan for a building for this splendid property held by the Mission in the heart o*f the city. Like the Omdurman school, a part of the expense wras from the Rockefeller gift—$1,000. In Khartum North, the building occupied by the school is badly ventilated, and otherwise not very suitable. Still the num­ ber of pupils has been maintained steadily through the year.

THE BOYS’ HOME, KHARTUM. Of all our educational agencies, there is none that affords greater opportunity, or in time brings better results, than the Boarding School, the place where you can have your pupils all to yourself, under instruction in everything, and removed from ob­ jectionable influences. You will note that we have changed the name from “ Orphan­ age” to “ Boys’ Home.” There were objections to the 'former 230 Sudan—Educational Work. name on the ground that the boys were not all strictly orphans, nor was it the purpose to confine the pupils to orphans. In fact, some of the boys are suffering from a multiplicity of parents, and are all the more in need of care and help. So it has not been the practice to take those who are really orphans; but rather boys who are in need of a home. Many of these boys have been unfor­ tunate in their parents. All have been poorly born. Every con­ dition erf life and every feature of environment is the very worst. It is to save boys from these things that we keep the Home. This year there has been more change in the boys for good, than in any previous year. This is especially marked in two or three of the older boys, who have been with us for a longer time. Many of them we can do but little for, until they have been made physically better by good food and treatment. This sometimes requires months, or even years, until the change comes; but it always comes and is all the more marked because of the depths from which the young life is lifted.

GIRLS’ SCHOOLS

THE GIRLS’ BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL, KHARTUM NORTH.

BY MISS ANNA M. BARACKMAN.

Total number of boarders enrolled 60 day pupils enrolled 89 Total number of free boarders ___ 29 paying boarders .. 31 free day pupils ... 36 paying day pupils 53 Number of teachers ...... 3 Amount of tuitions received ...... $280.75 boarding fees received ...... 356.90 $637-65

E a c h succeeding year the Girls’ School in Khartum North has shown some increase in attendance.This year, 1911, is no ex­ ception, yet the average daily attendance is nearly the same as the previous year. Owing to an epidemic of measles and chicken pox in the spring, the school year was seven months long instead of nine. This made the income from tuitions less while the expenses ran on as usual. Partly owing to the five months’ enforced sum­ mer vacation and partly for other reasons, the number in actual attendance since the opening of school in September has been no­ ticeably less. Not a few have moved away, some have gone to other schools, and some remain at home too big to attend any more or, perhaps, too indifferent. Nevertheless others have come to us, and we must do our best for them in turn, not knowing Sudan—Educational Work. , 231 always whether it is to be for a month or for a few years. It is discouraging to have those who were in the school in its begin­ ning days, leave. However, about twenty, which is nearly half of the first year’s enrolment, have continued with us from the first. The percentage of Mohammedan girls remains about the same as last year—sixty per cent. More important by far than numbers, is the increased inter­ est of the girls in Bible study. For children whose homes and home teaching are so directly opposed to Bible teachings, they have always showed an unusual interest in the reading of the Word. Now there is more interest, more thoughtful study, par­ ticularly among the Coptic Christian girls, and a greater effort to live the teachings of the Bible. During seven months of the year preaching services were regularly held in Rose Harden Chapel, for a time under the di­ rection of the Rev. Mr. Sowash, and for the remainder of the time by Dr. Giffen. The average attendance was fifty-four. Of these thirty-three were school girls, and, of the eleven women, over half were Sudanese. It is remarkable how much interest all take in these services, and who can say how far-reaching are the results. We pray that the seed thus sown may bear a rich harvest. Following the Sabbath school lessons each Sabbath., is a vol­ untary meeting with the girls for study, quiet talks, questions, and prayer. Those who stay are most regular in attendance and deeply interested. A few of them, too, are Sudanese. We pray that God may use this means, if it is His way, of awakening the girls 'from their indifference and of bringing a saving knowledge of the Gospel to them. A1 very great need of even the most promising girls, as well of most Christians in the Sudan, is a deeper sense of personal sin. Will not the friends of the home land pray that this conviction of sin may speedily come ? Every year it has been the aim and the earnest purpose of the missionaries in charge to call at every home represented in the school; but up to the present this purpose has not been realized. This year we have been able to call in about twenty of the homes only. One missionary could profitably spend all of her time in visiting the homes and holding meetings for the women. In August, Miss Bradford went home on furlough, leaving the work of a new school year in new and less skillful hands. Though the work has necessarily suffered somewhat from the change, we are glad that Miss Bradford has this opportunity for rest. The coming of Miss McIntyre in October was most welcome. We are always cheered by the arrival of new workers from the home land and her coming was no exception. The year’s report would yet be incomplete without mention of the joy and inspiration which Mrs. Campbell and Mrs. Hill 232 Sudan—Educational Work. brought to us, as representatives of the Women’s Board and the good women of America who are supporting our work. May they long be spared and richly blessed as they labor for our Master.

HALFA GIRLS’ SCHOOL.

One new school only was undertaken during the year. At Wadi Haifa a school for girls was opened at the beginning of July. It had been under consideration for a long time, but funds and a suitable teacher were not to be had. It is the only work of any kind that we have in Hal'fa. The teacher, who is a Syrian, is very capable indeed, and every Sabbath morning gathers the women and girls and gives them a Bible lesson. As many as forty or fifty meet thus every Sabbath morning. This is in addition to the daily instruction of the girls.

OTHER THAN MISSION SCHOOLS

An arrangement between the Church Missionary Society and our own Mission is such that neither society may open a school or begin other work anywhere without the consent and approval of the other society. This arrangement prevents overlapping in work, doubling expense for the same results, and friction between the two societies. In Khartum and Omdurman, the Church Mis­ sionary Society has all of the girls’ schools, and to our Mission is left the boys’ schools and the religious work. Our Mission has the Boarding and Day School ;for Girls at Khartum North, and the Church Missionary Society has a school for girls at Atbara. I have learned that the Director for Public Instruction has begun schools for girls; but I have not learned where nor how he manages them. The Government has no schools for girls in the vicinity of Khartum. The opening of schools for girls, distant from where a missionary resides, is always a problem. Teachers with the qualifications required from the Mission’s point of view, are not easily obtained, and in a country like this a young woman of good character does not wish to risk her reputation away from the shelter of the Mission. Just how the Government manages this I am curious to know. The Government schools for boys are more numerous, and we must meet them and come into competition with them in all Government centers and larger towns. Or rather we will have to compete with them if the time comes when we will be allowed to do aggressive work in the districts. These schools are all Mo­ hammedan, conducted at Government expense, and generally, as it seems to us and, we think, to any one who will seriously con­ sider the matter, at greater expense than is good for the people. They are not therefore the institutions of the people, and are no indication of a healthy growth. To raise these to too high a Sudan—Educational Work. 233 standard of expense detracts from the real purpose of education and spoils the product. Compete with these schools on the same expensive lines, we cannot; nor do we wish to do so. And yet in every center where we have schools we have all of the pupils that we can care 'for, and we live in the hope that there will come a day when the people will prefer the essentials of an education to the present form of veneering; but in the meantime many a bright youth will be utterly ruined and general education made more difficult because of the expense. Moreover, every non-Christian school increases by just so much the necessity for Christian education, so that this should be simple, thorough, and of such a kind as to commend itsel'f to all of the people. 234

SUMMARY OF EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS. SUDAN

...... TOTAL ENROLMENT TOTAL BY D X IN 0 P a y i n g F r e e ENROLMENT NATIONALITIES » "lu Q< O XI is & & O a O bfl s $ c PQ 3 M O PQ c3 H Pm u § Ô W V) Ô Work. Sudan—Educational Khartum Boys ...... 122 15 137 137 13 50 55 19 58 79 270 05 Khartum North ...... 124 4 128 128 I 24 103 32 96 245 45 Omdurman ...... 35 17 52 52 31 21 74 Atbara ...... 08 8 76 76 17 59 6l 15 305 22 Doleib H ill ...... 6 6 6 2 (j

Total Boys ...... 349 50 399 399 14 122 240 23 151 248 894 84 00 0 00 Khartum North Girls.. 84 65 149 149 15 26 88 20 6l 280 75 *Halfa Girls ...... e ^

11 41 52 52 j 21 26 12 90 75 Total G irls ...... 125 76 201 201 20 47 114 20 128 73 ¿7l 50

Total Pupils ...... 349 125 50 76 oyy 201 600 04 169 354 43 279 321 1266 34

Boarding F ees ...... $356 90

Boarders Enrolled in Girls’ Boarding Department ...... 60 Total Fees ...... $1623 24 Boys’ Home ...... 20 80 *Statistics for first five months only. Sudan—Medical Work. 235

MEDICAL WORK

“I will not fail thee nor forsake thee. Have not I commanded thee? Be strong and of good courage.”

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Physician ...... 1 Number of treatments: Doleib Hill ...... 9428 Khartum (male, 1803; female, 762) ...... 2565 11,993 of operations: Doleib Hill ...... 24 of villages visited: Doleib Hill ...... 4 Khartum ...... 3 7 of village visits: Doleib Hill ...... 20 Khartum ...... 7 27 Amount of receipts from fees: Doleib Hill ...... $33-26 Khartum ...... 867.02 $900.28

N. B.—As to the number of physicians, Dr. Latnbie was in the field seven months, and Dr. Magill eight months; which would aggregate fifteen months for one physician.

DOLEIB HILL

BY MR. R. W. TIDRICK.

T h e year 1 9 1 1 opened with an attendance of a half hun­ dred patients a day, which steadily increased until later in the month the number of daily treatments was twice as great. When the rainy season came on the number declined until the harvest time when it was not even a tenth of the highest daily attendance. Anyuaks and Nuers came from as far up the Sobat as the Abyssinian border. Dinkas and Nuers came from the head waters of the Khor Falus; and a few Nuers from the upper region of the Zaraff river found their way to the American Mission. One party was fifteen days in reaching our Station overland. Another party of four, all sick, travelled ten days by canoe. While en route they were attacked and the canoe upset by an angry hippopotamus. Fortunately they escaped the jaws of the monster and later, re­ covering their canoe, resumed their journey. We are thankful for the number o'f patients that came, and grateful that we can often cure them of their afflictions; but it is 236 Sudan—Medical Work.

often disheartening to have to turn them away after a long, weary march in the hope of relief, and especially when you feel that the proper medicine or an operation, as the case may be, would cure many that a non-professional man can not treat. And every one thus turned away has his influence in keeping others that might be cured from coming. Dr. Lambie's visit in May and June was a great help; but we need a physician for twelve months every year. The people expect one, the Government expects us to have one, we expect one, and God surely wants us to do this work in the best way pos­ sible. A layman is not supposed to have much skill in treating sick folk; but even he can sometimes do much to relieve suffering. Our Armenian assistant has had considerable experience and so is of valuable help. Many cases have come which we could not relieve. Some with cuts, or bruises, or sore heads (a scalp disease) and many with that disease which is so awfully prevalent, syphilis, have been easier to treat. Although we have not had a physician these months, yet we have done what we could. One day in November the Government physician 'from Kodak, who is a Protestant, called. He offered to do anything that he could to help us, so was asked to operate on a boy’s eyelids. That was the only case here at the time that needed an operation; since then others have come. All of the patients were pagan with'perhaps the exception of ten Moslems. This coming year the new clinic building will be used, even though it is not completed. We are hoping that it will be pos­ sible to finish it this year. I am not able to say how many of the patients wrere actually hospital patients. However, I am sure that over one-half of all of the patients who came last year stayed at the Mission for treat­ ment. The sick and the relatives who came to attend them, made a separate village on the compound of sometimes 150 people. Fees were small, but we insist on every one paying something when cured, either in coin or work, to repay in part for medicine.

KHARTUM

B Y DK. H . R. M A G IL L .

This portion of the report, dealing with Khartum Station, covers from May 8th to December 31st, 19 11. In the interim, between Dr. Lambie’s departure for Doleib Hill in April, and Dr. Magill’s arrival on May 8th, the clinic at Khartum North was con­ ducted by one of the private practitioners of Khartum. The Khartum clinic was closed for six months, from the middle of April until the second week of October. 'Changes of this sort hamper progress. Sudan—Medical Work. 23 7

We report therefore that the number of patients treated shows an average monthly gain of twenty-six per cent., although the monthly average of receipts in 'fees is thirteen per cent. less. The decrease in fees is due to a number of factors of which only a few need be mentioned. In the past, church members and their families were charged only one-half the fees charged others. There seems to be no good reason for such a custom and at the present the endeavor is made to charge according to the financial ability of the patient irrespec­ tive of religious associations. Many are unwilling to pay a proper fee even when their wages run from forty to eighty dollars a month. The Government gives free medical advice to all its em­ ployees and medicines at a low rate, which benefit it also extends to the native population. The number of church people treated was practically nil. Business conditions during the last four months of the year were bad. The failure of the Bank of Egypt, the dissolution of the Sudan Development Company, and the failure of a large number of less important firms, have unfavorably influenced finances. The opening of the Blue Nile bridge seems to have taken most of the Europeans and a large number of the clerks and other Government employees, over to Khartum. A large number of operative cases had to be told to go elsewhere, as a single doc­ tor without any assistance could not undertake operations when the excellent Government hospitals are available, without subject­ ing his patients to unjustifiable risks. Native medicine is a curious mixture of superstition and quackery. One is not surprised to find the ignorant Sudanese putting implicit confidence in auguries and amulets; and one learns not to be surprised to find even the educated resorting to the same unreasonable methods, for after all it takes at least two genera­ tions for what is usually called education to get beneath the sur­ face deep enough to touch the real man or woman. Moslems are 'fond of writing passages from the Koran upon the sick; some Christians use the Scriptures in like manner. One boy whom I attended was not only well covered with waiting but had also an open Bible on the bed near him. Counter irritation in the form of a series of cuts, or the actual cautery and blood-letting, are the most popular remedies. While sometimes harmless and occasionally useful, native medical prac­ tices are often harmful. On one occasion a prescription was written for a man suf­ fering from an eruption on his face and directions given for the use o'f the medicine it called for. He took the paper and began to rub it all over his face in the most careful and matter-of-fact w ay; and it was with some difficulty that he was made to understand 238 Sudan—Medical Work.

that the healing virtue lay not in the paper, but in the medicine which the paper called for. The drinking of native beer is a great and prevalent curse. The amounts consumed are sometimes enormous. A woman pa­ tient in replying to a question said that she could drink nearly a bucketful (two gallons) at one sitting; and a man who complained of dyspeptic symptoms said that he drank two bucketsful every day. Life in and around Khartum is on the whole on a very bad level. Political exigencies seem to forbid the employment of the only 'force by which it is possible for a people to be regenerated; and the forces employed, while sufficient to transform a waste of ruins into a well-ordered city with many splendid buildings and beautiful gardens, and to make smartly dressed, well-drilled sol­ diers out of naked savages, are not powerful enough to change the beastly character developed by generations of excess. Practices and diseases which it is a shame even to mention are common, and both Sudanese and Egyptians are regulating the size of their families. Practically all of the Sudanese women pass through the dangers of confinement without any help worthy of the name. They suffer without much complaint, perhaps because they consider suffering their appointed lot. Ignorance, careless­ ness, and vice work havoc among the children. Pitiful little skele­ tons are often brought to the clinic for whom, apart from good nursing and proper food, there can be no hope. The needs of women and children are particularly great. It must always be so where Islam rules. The women of respectable families are, for the most part, rigidly secluded and must pass the greater part of their lives within the narrow confines of their homes. There is not sufficient data on hand 'from which to make a forecast but it is highly probable that the needs of women and children will occupy a large place in our hospital of the future. With nurses in attendance and proper housing facilities, doubtless many who now suffer without hope of relief would come out to us for help. The medical work at Khartum Station has several needs: F irst: A nurse to care for patients and to assist in operative work. Second: A hospital building. There is at present a clinic building for out-patients in which three or four patients might be kept, and two small rooms with earth floors into which, perhaps, six patients might be crowded. On these buildings there is a debt of $3,515.00 and there is no suitable place for performing serious operations. Third: A residence for the doctor. The residence now occu­ pied by the doctor at Khartum North is quite comfortable and the rent comparatively low; but it is one-third of a mile from the clinic building. When a patient comes, not at the regular hours, Sudan—Medical Work. 239 it often necessitates a walk of two-thirds of a mile to get some needed drug or instrument. Statistics are lacking in the detail asked for, as the writer did not know until the year was nearly ended, that such details were required; but with the system of keeping records now in use complete statistics will be available for the report of 1912.

In addition to what Mr. Tidrick and Dr. Magill have re­ ported, Dr. Lambie was three months in Khartum North, from the beginning of January. During this time he attended daily at the clinic of the Church Missionary Society in Omdurman. This was by arrangement between the two societies. Whatever patients he treated in Omdurman, (and they would probably be as many as 30 to 40 a day) are not included in our statistics. Besides attending the clinic in Omdurman, Dr. Lambie held clinic in Khartum North daily, and it is to be regretted that a record of the work done at these clinics is not to be found that they might be added to the above. For this period, Dr. Lambie re­ ported fees amounting to $310.40, which added to the $556.62 re­ ported by Dr. Magill, would bring the sum of 'fees received to $867.02. About the first of April, Dr. Lambie left to go to Doleib Hill, and was absent until the first of July, when he returned to attend the meeting of Association. His going to the Hill was at the request cxf the missionaries there and by the consent and advice of the Khartum Station. Almost immediately after the meetings he left with his family for a »furlough to America. Thus it was that changes were brought about and lapses at the different sta­ tions occurred. The lack of continuity of work and workers al­ ways results in retarding progress. Taking everything into con­ sideration the results of the medical work have been encouraging. 240 Sudan—Industrial Work.

INDUSTRIAL WORK

DOLEIB HILL

T h e Industrial Work at Doleib Hill Station from the very beginning has received emphasis. It has become the prominent feature; and although, owing to the conditions of life, it may lack the organization and routine, yet it serves the purpose and holds the place of a school, where children and grown-ups, men. and women, come 'for work and for what their labor will bring them, incidentally receiving instruction. The ultimate purpose is to bring the truth into contact with the lives of the people. It may seem a long way around, but there are no short cuts when dealing- with such people. The daily meetings with the workers for prayer and reading of the Word, are, of course, the richest part o>f it. But the mere 'fact of labor—the giving of an equivalent for what you get—if not in itself the religion of Jesus Christ, is the spirit and result of Christ’s life. To do things honestly and to do them well, because it is right to do so, seems to be the most difficult lesson for the human race to learn. It is well to begin it early. There is a dignity that belongs to labor; and in buying and selling, in giving and taking, there is almost a perfect index of the life of any people. But aside from any direct lesson that may be taught to those who come to the Mission for work, there is an op­ portunity for getting into touch with the people, and for giving out sympathy that draws the heart of a simple life, such as is found nowhere else. O f the work that has been done, those in charge may tell their own story: Total number of people that worked for the department, con­ sidering one week the b a sis...... 1580 Amount paid for labor ...... $891.00 Total expense of department ...... 6,550.90 Total receipts on the fie ld ...... 4>73I-5o

Mr. Guthrie writes:— Personally, I cannot see that we have made much advance this year, even though I know that we have made some. In fact we have not done some things that we wanted to do and which we were expected to do. The plan to hire labor­ ers by the month instead of the week, worked all right during the dry season, when there were more applicants for work than we needed; but later we could not hold to the rule.After the rains began there were often but two or three besides our workmen who were working by the year. All instruction in industrial train- INDUSTRIAL MISSIONARY AND HELPERS, SOUTHERN SUDAN.

■“They shall teat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks.”

SUDANESE WOMEN ATTIRED AND ORNAMENTED FOR A SPECIAL OCCASION. Sudan—Industrial Work. 241 ing has taken the form of trying to get those who work for us to do their work better and to teach them to cultivate some of the things that we do. Some became rather proficient in moulding brick. When asked why they do not plant things other than kaffir corn, maize and tobacco, the usual reply is, “ If I did the other people would steal and beg and I would have nothing.” And to the query why they do not build houses of brick they say, “If we did the king would confiscate our cattle. He would ask, 'Why do you build a better house than I have ?’ ” Because of a scarcity of laborers, during the rainy season we have been seriously handicapped in experimenting with crops. Often we were unable to give the cultivation needed, consequently some of the plots grew up to weeds. Our cotton this year grown on the river bank, produced 500 pounds (unginned) to the acre. As a crop to be grown without irrigation it requires a longer rainy season than we have here. Maize does well some years, but this season the rains were untimely, so our crop was poor—twelve and a half bushels to the acre. How to keep up the fertility of the soil has perplexed us. This problem, however, will probably be much easier solved than that otf keeping up the supply of humus', which is destroyed by the white ants. The cow-pea grows luxuriantly and will supply nitrogen. Peanuts also produce well, and will help to supply nitrogen. We are now experimenting with ber- seem, the clover of Egypt. Limes and pawpaws bring the largest returns for labor. Overseeing the work on the buildings took much time. The walls of the clinic and the residence were completed last year; but all of the lumber did not arrive, consequently a delay wras un­ avoidable. This year the walls of a workshop were built and again the lumber did not arrive, so the building still stands without a roof. This time the sailboat that was carrying the lumber was sunk, and it was considered too expensive to bring more lumber by a steamer. Besides the work here mentioned, and much more that does not seem of special interest, every morning before going to work the workmen were brought together and heard the Word of God. The other things mentioned may seem to the reader of this re­ port as having been the important things, but the ultimate pur­ pose of it all was to get them to hear and know God’s Word. Mr. Tidrick also wrote that several epidemics among the cat­ tle had done them much injury. Three or four good young cows which they had valued highly had died within a week. The store trade has been quite good and I believe is filling a place here. We made one trading trip with a sailing boat to the upper boundary of the Shulla territory. The people were eager to trade and we were busy every day from daybreak till dark. We had the various store articles for sale and bought grain and gum from the people. At the largest village we visited there were 16 Sudan—Industrial Work. other trading boats, but as soon as we arrived the people deserted them to trade with us. They had no trade so long as we stayed. The number of these Mohammedan traders has increased many fold this year, and the Governor reports that the number at the beginning of 1912 is double that of 19 11. It is not to be wondered at, for with $50.00 worth of goods and a few months of valueless time they secure products from the natives to the value of $500.00. Experiments were made in burning brick with corn stalks for fuel, which proved successful, but the stalks did not succeed so well in burning lime. Some report should have been made of the store, but Mr. Tidrick, who had the store in charge, was called away from the station at the time that this report should have been prepared, so- we have only the simple statement made by Mr. Tidrick that the store has done good work and filled an important place. u dan—5* tatistics. 243

SUMMARY OF STATISTICS, SUDAN, 1911

WORKERS. Missionaries. Ordained ...... 5 Medical ...... 2 Industrial ...... 2 Unmarried women ...... 3 Wives of missionaries ...... 6 Total missionaries ...... 18 Schools. Teachers—Men ...... " 8 Women ...... 4 12 Evangelistic colporteur ...... 1 Missionary of Synod (ordained) ...... 1 Total workers ...... 32 EVANGELISTIC. Number of stations where services have been held ... 9 Church members—Men ...... 95 Women ...... 68 163 Attendance Sabbath morning ...... 279 Church contributions ...... $957-36 EDUCATIONAL. Number of schools—Boys ...... 5 Girls ...... 2 Number of pupils enrolled—Boys ...... 399 Girls ...... 201 Total pupils ...... 600 Amount of fees for instruction...... $1,266.34 Boarding ...... 356.90 Total ...... $1,623.24 MEDICAL. Number of patients treated—Khartum ...... 2565 Doleib Hill ...... 9428 11-993 Number of village visits ...... 27 Number of operations—Doleib Hill ...... 24 Number of villages visited ...... 7 Total receipts ...... $900.28 EXPENDED BY THE PEOPLE FOR ALL PURPOSES. Church contributions ...... $957-36 Educational ...... 1,623.24 Medical ...... 900.28 Total ; ...... $3,480.88 244 Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries .

• Names. F ie ld . E n t ’d R et’ d D ied . Adams, Rev. C. C. Egypt. 1908 Adams; Mrs. Nellie 1908 •Alexander, Rev. J. R., D. D. “ 18 75 Alexander, Mrs. Carrie 1876 Anderson, Rev. Wm. B. India. 1897 Anderson, Mrs. Mary B. 1897 Anderson, R ev.'W . T. 18 9 1 Anderson, Mrs. Jean •1891 Oct. 3, 1892 Anderson, Mrs. Minnie C. n e e Parks. * Andrew, W. H. Trinidad 18 5 1 18 5 1 Mar. 30, 1879 Andrew, Mrs. • a 18 5 1 18 5 1 Ashenhurst, Rev. J. O. Egypt. 1887 1897 Ashenhurst, Mrs. Adella A. 18 9 7 nee Brown.* Ayers, Rev. Ralph E. India. 1 9 1 1 Ballantyne, Rev. J. W. “ 1895 Ballantyne, Mrs. Blanche C. “ 1895 Banks, Rev. Joseph Trinidad 18 43 18 53 April 26, 1859 J Syria 1846 18 54 Barnett, Rev. Janies, D. D. 1 Egypt. 18 54 18 75 Oct. 2, 1884 Barnett, Mrs. Margaret L. 1866 18 75 Barr, Rev. James S., D. D. India. 18 6 1 Barr, Mrs. Mary “ 18 6 1 May 1, 1905 Bell, Prof. Chas. S. Egypt. 1907 Bell, Mrs. Myra L. 1907 Boyd, Rev. J. Howard U 1902 Boyd, Mrs. Mary H. U 1902 Brandon, Rev. Wm. J., Ph. D. India. 1900 Sept. 24, 19 11 Brandon Mrs. H. Lillian 1900 Brown, Montrose M., M. D. ** 1905 Brown, Mrs. Carrie M. “ 1905 Caldwell, Rev. A. B. 18 8 1 Caldwell, Mrs. Amelia M. 18 8 1 Caldwell, Rev. R. W. Egypt. 1 9 1 1 Caldwell. Mrs. Margaret T. 1 9 1 1 Campbell, Rev. E. E. India. 1904 Campbell, Mrs. Grace “ 1904 April 6, 1910 Campbell, Rev. J. G. “ 1909 Campbell, Mrs. Mabel Y. “ 1909 i Egypt. 1895 Carson, Rev. Ralph E. iT h e Sudan. 1902 1909 Carson, Mrs. Clifford The Sudan. 1902 1909 Chambers, Rev. Hubert C. India. 1903 Chambers, Mrs. Ethel F. “ 1903 Coventry, Rev. Wm. R. Egypt. 1900 Coventry, Mrs. Lydia B. 1900 Oct. 31, 1909 Crawford, Rev. John Syria 18 57 1878 1906 Crawford, Mrs. Mary B. “ 18 57 1878 Crowe, Rev. Osborne India. 1896 Crowe, Mrs. Sarah Jane “ 1896 Cummings, Rev. Thos. F., D.D. « • 1890 1909 Cummings, Mrs. Anna A. “ 1890 1909 Aug. 9, 19 12 Currie, Rev. Ebenezer Egypt. 1865 Oct. 18, 1869 Currie, Mrs. Nettie 1865 Mar. 9, 1866 Ewing, Rev. S. C., IV. D. “ 1860 April 3, 1908 Ewing, Mrs. Catharine A. 1860 Fife, Rev. Elmer E. India. 1890 1896 Fife, Mrs. Mary S. “ 1890 1896 Finley, Harry L., M. D. Egypt. 1906 Finley, Mrs. Grace G. Egypt. 1906 Finney, Rev. Thos. J., IA D. “ 1882 Finney, Mrs. Nannie McC. 1882 Frazier, Rev. James A. Syria 3 8 51 Aug. 36, 1863 Frazier, Mrs. Elizabeth 18 5 1 July 29, 1851 Frazier, Mrs. Johanna “ 18 54 1863 Dec. 26, 1907 Giffen, Rev. Bruce J. Egypt. 1903 1906 Giffen, Rev. E. Morrison “ 1890 1907. Giffen Mrs. Frances M. “ 1890 1907 Giffen, Rev. John, T). D. 18 75 Giffen, Mrs. Mary E. Oet. 16, 18 81 nee Galloway.* Giffen, Mrs. Elizabeth E. nee Newlin.* *Married in the Mission. See pp. 248, 249. Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 245

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t in u e d .

N a m e s. F ie ld . E n t ’ d R e t’ d D ied. f Egypt. 18 8 1 1900 Giffen, Rev. J. Kelly, D. D. lT h e Sudan. 1900 j tigypt. 18 8 1 1900 Giffen, Mrs. Grace \ The Sudan. 1900 Gordon, Rev. Andrew, D. D. India. 18 55 Aug. 13, 1887 Gordon, Mrs. Rebecca C. “ 18 55 1888 Feb. 5, 1900 Gordon, David Trinidad 18 4 3 Dec. 24, 1844 Gordon, Mrs. 18 4 3 1845 Gordon, Rev. David R. India. 1895 Gordon, Mrs. Grace W. « / 1895 Gordon, Mr. James W. “ 1866 18 7 1 Gordon, Mrs. Eleanor J. u 1866 18 7 1 Grant, Andrew F., M. D. Egypt. 1904 Grant, Mrs. Harriet H. 1904 Guthrie, Mr. C. B. Sudan. 1908 Hart, Rev. Samuel G. Egypt. 1892 Hart, Mrs. 1892 Harvey, Rev. Wm., D. D. ** 18 65 Nov. 20, 1908 Harvey, Mrs. Henrietta M. a 1865 Hattie, Alexander, M. D. Syria 18 5 7 1860 Henderson Rev. F. D. Egypt. 1906 Henderson, Mrs. A. Geno. ** 1 9 1 1 Henry, Vellora M., M. D. “ 18 9 1 Henry, Mrs. E. Captolia ** 18 9 1 Hickman, Prof. W. W. 1909 • Hickman, Mrs. Alice E. 1909 Hill, Rev. R. A. India. 1856 1860 June 22, 1901 Hill, Mrs. 1856 1860 June 9, 18 75 Hogg, Rev. Hope W. Egypt. 1887 1894 Hogg, Mrs. Mary E. 1894 nee Work.* Hogg, Rev. John, D. D. “ 1860 Feb. 27, 1886 Hogg, Mrs. Bessie “ 1860 1888 Holliday, Rev. Thomas E. India. 1889 Holliday, Mrs. Mary Hays 1889 Hoyman, Mr. F. S. Egypt. 1909 Hoyman, Mrs. Loretta A. nee Mitchell.* « Hunt, Rev. James G., D. D. 1897 Hunt, Mrs. Florida P. “ 1897 Johnston, D. R., M. D. ! “ 1868 18 75 Feb. 20, 1897 Johnston, Mrs. Maggie J. " 1868 18 75 Kerr, George i Trinidad 1844 Dec. 15, 1844 Kruidenier, Rev. Jeremias, D.D. Egypt. 1889 Kruidenier, Mrs. Henrietta ! “ 1889 Kyle, Rev. H. J. India. 1895 1899 Kyle, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth 1 “ 1895 1899 Laing, Rev. A. M. “ 1 9 1 1 Lambie, Thomas A., M. D. The Sudan. 1907 Lambie, Mrs. Charlotte “ 1909 nee Claney.* Lansing, Rev. Gulian, D. D. I f Syria 18 5 1 18 57 ; 1 Egypt. 1857 Sept. 12, 1892 Lansing, Mrs. Maria G. ; J Syria 18 5 1 18 57 I Egypt. 1857 July 5, 1865 Lansing, Mrs. Sarah B. Egypt. Nov. 26, 1889 nee Dales.* Lansing, Elmer E., M. D. Egypt. 1884 1888 June 1, 1893 Lansing, Mrs. Hattie E. 1884 1888 Lytle, Rev. U. S. India. 18 8 1 Nov. 8, 1899 Lytle, Mrs. Isabella G. 18 8 1 1900 McArthur, Rev. J. A. 1904 McArthur, Mrs. Sue C. ! nee White.* McCague, Rev. Thos. Egypt. 18 54 18 6 1 McCague, Mrs. Henrietta 1854 18 6 1 Mar. 24, 1902 McClanahan, Rev. Neal “ 1909 McClanahan, Mrs. Jennie S. “ 1909 McClenahan, Prof. Robt. S. “ 1897 McCIenahan, Mrs. Marg’t J. “ 1897 McClenahan, Rev. W. L. “ 1898 McClenahan, Mrs. Jessie J. 11 Mar. 4, 1905 nee Hogg.*

»Married in the Mission. See pp. 248, 249. 246 Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t in u e d .

N a m es. F ie ld . E n t ’ d R e t’ d D ied . McClure, Rev. Robt. Reed India. 1897 April 27, 1900 McClure, Mrs. Alice E. 18 9 7 McConnelee, Rev. John A. 18 9 5 McConnelee, Mrs. Alma C. 1895 McCreery, Rev. Elbert The Sudan. 1906 McCreery, Mrs. Hannah n e e McLean.* McFarland, Rev. K. W. Egypt. 1892 19 0 1 McFarland, Mrs. Anna H. 1892 19 0 1 McGill, Rev. Ralph G. 1905 McGill, Mrs. M. Flora 1905 McKee, Rev. Jas. P., D. D. India. 1870 1894 Nov. 1 , 1899 McKee, Mrs. Margaret 1870 1894 McKelvey, Rev. Joseph China. 1868 1870 Aug. 24, 1910 McKelvey, Mrs. Adelaide 1868 Nov. 20, 1868 McKelvey, Rev. Wm. M. India. 1902 McKelvey, Mrs. Cora M. 1902 f Egypt. 1898 1900 McLaughlin, H. T., M. D. ( The Sudan. 1900 5 Egypt. 1898 1900 McLaughlin, Mrs. Lena (The Sudan. 1900 Mar. 2, 19 11 1904 1909 Magill, Hugh R., M. D. f The Sudan. 1 9 1 1 Martin, Rev. J. Howard, D. D. India. 1889 Martin, Mrs, Elizabeth 1889 Martin, Rev. Samuel, D. V. 1866 Dec. 24, 1910 Martin, Mrs. Lydia L. 1866 Dec. 3, 1886 Maxwell, Rev. Robert 1900 Maxwell, Mrs. Maud Pollock. 1900 Moore, W. T., M. D. Egypt. 19 10 Moore, Mbs. Alicia B. 19 10 Morrison, Rev. George W. India. 1887 19 02 Morrison, Mrs. Edna 1887 April 7, 1890 Morrison, Mrs. J . L. 1902 nee McGarey.* Morton, Rev. J. H. 19 0 1 April 29, 1910 Morton, Mrs. Mary Edith 19 0 1 Murch, Rev. Chauncey, D. D. Egypt. 18 83 Oct. 15 , 1907 Murch. Mrs. Amelia S. 1883 1908 Nesbitt, Rev. H. S. India. 1904 Nesbitt. Mrs. Elizabeth India. 1904 Nevin, Rev. J. C. China. 1860 18 78 Nevin, Mrs. Amanda S. 1860 Sept. 27, 1867 Nevin, Mrs. Kate 18 7 1 18 78 Nichol, Rev. A. M. Egypt. 18 74 1884 July 20, 1887 Nichol, Mrs. Emma C. 18 74 1884 May 21, 1904 Nichol, Rev. Wm. M. 1889 1899 Nichol, Mrs. Laura K. 1889 July 17 , 1890 Nichol, Mrs. Amanda E. 1899 nee Jamieson.* Nicoll, Prof. Wm. E. India. 19 0 1 Nicoll, Mrs. Clara Blanche 19 0 1 Oyler, Rev. D. S. The Sudan. 1909 Patterson, Rev. J. F., M. D. Syria 18 72 18 7 7 Mar. 23, 1882 Patterson, Mrs. Isabella Men 18 72 18 7 7 Paulding, J. G., M. D. 18 45 1856 April 30, 1875 Paulding. Mrs 18 45 18 56 Philips, Rev. H. E., Ph. D. Egypt. 1908 Philips, Mrs. L'aisy 1908 Picken, Rev. Samuel S. India. 1909 Picken, Mrs. Mary L. 1909 Pinkerton, Rev. B. F. Egypt. 1865 1869 Pinkerton, Mrs. Fidelia 1865 1869 18 7 1 Pollock, A. W.. M. D. 1903 Pollock, Mrs. A. W. 1903 Porter, Rev. E. L. India. 18 9 1 Porter, Mrs. Jane L. 18 9 1 Mar. 7, 1894 Porter, Mrs. Winifred L. 1895 Porter, Prof. Wm. L. 1905 1 9 1 1 Porter, Mrs. Carolyn B. 1905 1 9 1 1 Ranson, Rev. A. J. 1909 Ranson'. Mrs. 1909 Reed, Rev. W. H. Egypt. 1895

♦Married in the Mission. See pp. 248, 249. Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 247

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t in u e d .

N a m e s. F ie ld . E n t ’d R e t’ d D ied. Reed, Mrs. B. E. Egypt. 1896 Roy, Rev. Mark S. 1 9 1 1 Roy, Mrs. Ida B. u 1 9 1 1 Rule, Rev. A. H. * 18 7 2 18 7 3 Rule, Mrs. Jennie M. “ 18 72 18 7 3 Russell, Prof. Chas. P. u 1907 Russell, Mrs. Margaret G. lt 1 9 1 1 Scott, Rev. John Trinidad 1845 1846 Aug. 4, 18 7 7 ■Scott, Mrs. u 18 45 1846 Scott, Rev. T. L., D. D. India. 18 74 Scott, Mrs. Mary A. 18 74 Oct. 25, 1880 Scott, Mrs. Anna E. 1882 Smith, Rev. Paul J. The Sudan. 1 9 1 1 Smith, Mrs. Ida May 1 9 1 1 f Egypt. 1896 19 0 3 Sowash, Rev. Geo. A. ( The Sudan. 1903 So wash, Mrs. E. J. Egypt. 1896 Sept. 4, 1900 Sowash, Mrs. Katherine The Sudan. 19 0 3 Stevenson, Rev. E. H. India. 1856 1863 Sept. 20, 18 79 Stevenson, Mrs. «( 18 56 1863 Stewart, Rev. Harris J. (C 1 9 1 1 Stewart, Rev. J. H. It 1908 Stewart, Mrs. Euphemia tt 1908 Stewart, Rev. Robert, D. D. 18 8 1 Stewart, Mrs. Eliza F. 18 8 1 nee Johnston.* Strang, Rev. David, D. D. j Egypt. 1866 18 76 1896 1906 Strang, Mrs. Gamella | Egypt. 1866 18 76 1896 Sept. 6, 1896 Strang, Mrs. Mary F. Egypt. 1900 1906 Thompson, Mr. Andrew Trinidad 18 4 7 1849 Thompson, Rev. A. A. Egypt. 1906 Thompson, Mrs. Lydia M. 1906 Thompson, Rev. F. Scott 1 9 1 1 Thompson, Mrs. Carrie May 1 9 1 1 Thompson, Rev. J. S: India. 1894 1898 Thompson, Mrs. Mary Maud ** 1894 1898 Tidrick, R. W. The Sudan. 1906 Tidrick, Mrs, S. Luella 1908 Walker Rev. R. W. Egypt. 1904 Walker, Mrs. Elizabeth M. “ 19 0 5 nee McCrory.* Watson, Rev. Andrew, D. I>. « 18 6 1 Watson, Mrs. Margaret “ 18 6 1 White, Rev. J. P. “ 1*9 4 1900 White, Mrs. Anna May “ 1894 1900 Wilson, Charles A. “ 1905 Wilson, Mrs Maude M. “ 1905 Work, Rev. S. A. “ 1904 Work, Mrs. S. A. 1906

♦Married in the Mission. See pp. 248, 249. 248 Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t in u e d .

U n m a r r ie d W o m e n .

N a m e s. F ie ld . E n t ’d R e t’ d D ied. Alexander, Miss Minnie R. India. 1906 Anderson, Miss Emma D . “ 18 8 1 Atchison, Miss Alda B. Egypt. 1904 Barackman, 'Miss Anna M. The Sudan. 1909 Barnes, Miss Ella M. Egypt. 1 9 1 1 Beatty, Miss Roma India. 1909 Bell, Miss Margaret A. Egypt. 19 0 1 Bennett, Miss Hazel India. 1908 Beveridge, Miss Margaret A. Trinidad 18 4 3 18 45 Boyd, Miss Myra L. Egypt. 1902 1906 Bradford, Miss Fannie G. The Sudan. 1907 Brotherston, Miss Lena S. India. 1906 Brown, Miss Adella A.* Egypt. 1886 Brown, Miss Grace 1894 1902 Buchanan, Miss Carrie M. U 1893 Buchanan, Miss Lois India. 19 10 Cabeen, Miss Ida L. Egypt. 1909 Campbell, Miss T. M. 1870 18 78 Calhoun, Miss Eliza India. 1869 1884 Campbell, Miss Mary J. “ 1884 Claney, Miss Charlotte J.* Egypt. 1905 1909 Cleland, Miss Anna Laura India. 19 0 3 Connor, Miss Harriet M. Egypt. 1880 1892 Corbett, Miss Kate M. India. 1886 Cowden, Miss Mary H. 1905 Criswell, Miss Anna Belle Fgypt. 1905 Dales, Miss Sarah B.* / Syria 18 54 1858 ( Egypt. 1858 Nov. 26, 1889 Dickey, Miss Sallie E. India. 1895 1907 Dickey, Miss Cora B. Egypt. 1896 1907 Dickson, Miss Laureila G. India. 18 9 7 Drake, Miss N. Belle, M. D. Egypt. 19 0 3 1908 Embleton, Miss M. M. India. 18 9 1 1907 Ferrier, Miss Helen J. Egypt. 1900 Finney, Miss Minnehaha “ 1894 Frazier, Miss Mary A. f Syria 1876 18 77 1 Egypt 1878 189 3 French, Miss Elsie M. “ 1909 Fulton, Miss Edith M. India. 1894 Mar. 30, 1906 Galbraith, Miss M. E. China. 18 75 1876 Galloway, Miss M. E.* Egypt. 18 7 5 Oct. 16, ÍS81 Gibson, Miss Jennie L. 1903 Gilbakian, Miss Agavnie, M. D.. India. 1907 Gordon, Miss Elizabeth G. 18 55 1900 Gordon, Miss Ella M. 1893 Gordon, Miss Euphemia E. u 18 8 1 1889 Given, Miss Annie F. “ 1886 1896 Hadley, Miss Nancy A. 1904 Hamilton, Miss Anna M. 1902 Hamilton, Miss Laura B. 1908 Hammond, Miss Alfaretta Egypt. 1904 Hart, Miss Sarah “ 18 6 1 June 28, 1869 Heston, Miss Winifred India. 19 10 E. T., M. Ü. Hill, Miss Kate A. ■< 1896 Hogg, Miss Jessie J.* Egypt. 18 87 Mar.I 4, 1905 Hogg, Miss Rena L. 1899 Hormel, Miss Margaret C. India. 1909 Jameson, Miss Flora J. “ 1903 Jamieson, Miss Amanda E.* Egypt. 1892 Johnston, Miss Eliza F.* ** 1869 18 8 1 Johnston, Mrs. S. E., M. D. India. 1890 A Kerr, Miss Mary Egypt. 1908 Kyle, Miss Ella O. ft 1883 J Kyle, Miss Mary India. 1904 Lawrence, Miss Elizabeth ** 1909 Lawrence, Miss Mary A. 1893 Lawrence, Miss C. C., M. D. Egypt. 1896 Lockhart, Miss Maggie G. U 18 74 18 78 Tune *u 6, 1882 Logan, Miss Mary E. India. 18 9 1 McCahon, Miss Elizabeth India. 18 7 5 1

♦Married in the Mission. See pp. 244 to 247. Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 249

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t in u e d .

U n m a r r ie d W o m e n .

N a m e s. F ie ld . E n t ’d R e t’ d D ied.

McCall, Miss Trinidad 18 5 1 18 5 1 McClenahan, Miss Eula Egypt. 1908 McClure, Mrs. Alice E. India. 1900 McConaughy, Miss Anna M. Egypt. 1903 McConnell, Miss Lillian A. India. 1902 McCrory, Miss Elizabeth M.* Egypt. 1905 McCullough, Miss Rose A. India. 1879 McDowell, Miss L. J. Egypt. 1892 McGarey, Miss Lavina J.* India. 1889 McIntyre, Miss Aulora R. The Sudan. 1 9 1 1 McKown, Miss Martha J. Egypt. 1894 Jan. 30, 1897 McLean, Miss Hannah C.* The Sudan. 1906 McMillan, Miss Adelle Egypt. 1895 Mar. 10, 1907 McMillan, Miss Carol E. 4t 1906 Martin, Miss E. Josephine India. 18 9 5 Martin, Miss Fannie C. 1896 Martin, Miss Jennie E. 1906 Martin, Miss Mary R. 1890 Martin, Miss E. Roxy Egypt. 19 0 1 Minger, Miss Emma M. India. 1902 Mitchell, Miss Loretta A.* Egypt. 1909 Mitchell, Miss Zella W. “ 1902 1906 Moore, Miss Henrietta India. 1898 Morrison, Miss Jennie B. “ 1895 Newlin, Miss Elizabeth E.* Egypt. 1880 Paden, Miss Marion A. 1902 Parks, Miss Minnie C.* India. 18 9 1 Pieken, Miss Lillian J. Egypt. 19 0 7 Platter, Miss Mary A., M. D. India. 1894: 1903 Scott, Miss Violet M. U 1 9 1 1 Simpson, Miss J. Phandora, 1902 M. D. Smith, Miss Margaret A. Egypt. 18 72 Smith, Miss Nellie C. 1 9 1 1 Spencer, Miss Nannie J. India. 1894 Strang, Miss Isabella Egypt. 1878 18 87 Strang, Miss Matilda 1886 1894 Teas, Miss Lizzie Dorcas 1896 Thompson, Miss Anna Y. U 18 7 1 Underwood, Miss Alice B. 1902 1904 Walker, Miss Laura B. “ 1904 Watson, Miss Anna B., M. D. u 1896 Welsh, Miss M. E. India. 1869 18 72 White, Miss Josephine L. 1884 White, Miss Maria, M. D. 1886 White, Miss Sue Cooper * “ 1905 Whitely, Miss L'ora B. 11 1 9 1 1 Williams, Miss Roe O. Egypt. 1 9 1 1 Wilson, Miss Cynthia E. India. 18 75 Wilson, Miss Margaret M. 1904 Wilson. Miss Rosa T. 1886 Work, Miss Bertha B. 4t 1 904 1908 Work, Miss Mary E.* Egypt. 1890 Work, Miss Ruth A. “ 1904 Young, Miss Susan A. India. 18 9 1 Jan. 15, 1908

♦Married in the Mission. See pp. 244 to 247. 250 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer.

TREASURER’S REPORT For Year Ending April 30th, 1912 SUMMARY

RECEIPTS. Schedule A— Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly— Presbyteries ...... $159,283 61 Sabbath Schools ...... 18,181 92 Individuals ...... 14,429 17 Young- people’s Societies ...... 4,213 07 Bequests ...... 13,862 92 Ladies’ Missionary Societies ...... 709 30 Interest ...... 1,769 74 Endowed Funds Income ...... 1,822 72 Miscellaneous Funds ...... 7,465 47 Special Offering, November 26, 1911 ...... 605 17 Total on Appropriation ...... 1222,3 43 09 Schedule B— Women’s Board, Not Applicable on the Appropria­ tion or the General Assem bly ...... 94,102 71 Schedule C— Endowed Funds, Principal and Income and Miscellan­ eous Funds, Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly ...... 47 ,89405 Schedule D— Investments and Loans, Not Applicable on the Appro­ priation of the General Assembly ...... 62,400 00 Total from all sources ...... $426,739 85 Balance in India from preceding fiscal year, merged Into this year ...... 1,034 20 Balance in Sudan from preceding fiscal year, merged into this year ...... 2,443 68 Balance April 30, 1911 ...... 33,853 22 $464,070 95 DISBURSEMENTS. Schedule A— Indian Mission ...... $133,629 75 Schedule B— Egyptian Mission ...... 153,727 16 Schedule C— Sudan Mission ...... 39,464 29 Schedule D— Expense of Missionaries outside of fields ...... 24,284 83 Schedule E— New Missionaries Fund ...... 4,757 83 Schedule F— Miscellaneous Funds ...... 4,302 27 Schedule G— Interest on Loans and Annuities...... 4,136 17 Schedule H— Administrative Expenses ...... 15,094 l i Schedule I— investments and Loans ...... 74,400 00 Total Disbursements ...... $453,796 41 Balance, General Fund, April 30, 1912 ...... 10,274 54 $464,070 95 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer. 251

DETAILED STATEMENT RECEIPTS.

SCHEDULE A. Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Sect. 1.— From Direct Contributions— Presbyteries ...... $159,283 61 Sabbath Schools ...... 18,181 92 individuals ...... ’ ...... 14,429 17 Young People’s Societies ...... 4,213 07 Bequests ...... 13,862 92 Ladies’ Missionary Societies ...... 709 30 interest ...... 1,769 74

Sect. 2.— Endowment Funds Income— Sterrett and Agnes Cummins Mem. Fund. $ 53 25 James Junk Fund ...... 300 00 Ella Jane Dysart Fund ...... 30 00 L. & M. E. A. F u n d ...... 60 00 James S. McNary F u n d ...... 262 02 Mary L. Pratt Fund ...... 18 00 Mary Sterritt Memorial Fund ...... 28 97 Matthew Nickle Memorial F un d ...... 78 00 Mrs. Jane E. Mack Memorial F u n d ...... 29 86 Eliza Christie Fund ...... 494 47 Joseph and Eliza Barr Memorial Fund . 124 15 Elizabeth Adair Currie Fund ...... 120 00 James and Agnes Sankey Memorial Fund 60 00 Rev. w. W . Barr, D. D., Memorial Fund 30 00 Robertson Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Robert W. Lynn Memorial Scholarship 50 00 Mrs. Agnes A. Clark, Jessie and Mary Clark Memorial Fund ...... 24 00 Thomas s. and Mary J. McClanahan Me­ morial F u n d ...... 30 00 ------1,822 72 Sect. 3.— Miscellaneous Funds— Sudan Fund ...... $2,818 00 New Missionaries Fund ...... 3,620 92 Property, Walton United Presbyterian Church, Ontario, Canada ...... 1,026 55 ------7,465 47 Sect. 4" Special Offering, Nov. 26, 1911 ...... 605 17 Total on Appropriation or the General Assembly ...... $222,343 09

SCHEDULE B. WOMEN’S BOARD Not Applicable on the Appropriation or the General Assembly. Egyptian Mission— Salaries ...... $ 11,499 20 Furlough Salaries ...... 2,834 00 Estimates ...... 15,074 00 Specials ...... 10,792 00 Traveling Expenses ...... 1,832 76 India Mission— Salaries ...... 18,258 59 Furlough Salaries ...... 2,330 00 Estimates ...... 15,432 00 Specials ...... 2,589 54 Traveling Expenses ...... 2,341 53 Sudan Mission— Salaries ...... 957 79 Furlough Salaries ...... 243 00 Estimates ...... 5,842 00 Specials ...... 302 00 Traveling Expenses ...... 115 00 Loan to Omdurman Parsonage ...... 3,500 00 252 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer.

Miscellaneous— Tuition Allowance ...... 60 00 Travel to World in Boston ...... 83 60 Travel to TarMo Conference ...... 1570 ------$ 94,102 71

SCHEDULE C. Endowed and Miscellaneous Fund— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Sect. 1— Endowed Funds, Principal— Annuity Fund ...... ? 11,05411,054 15 15 Archibald Lendrum F und ...... 11 20 Charity Porter Memorial Fund ...... 950 00 $1 12,015 35 Sect. 2.— Endowed Funds Income— Rev. John B. Dales, D. D., Semi-Cen­ tennial Fund ...... 5 250 00 Mrs. Eliza J. Dales Memorial F u n d ...... 60 00 Mr. and Mrs. Geo. S. Brush Endowment Fund ...... 60 00 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 130 23 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage Fund ...... 716 61 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund in Trust 102 00 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 813 72 Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 61 79 Robert Dwight Foster Memorial...... 60 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,578 06 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 581 79 Pressly Memorial Fund ...... 387 90 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund ... 314 04 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial F u n d ...... 292 50 Annuity Fund, General ...... 1,460 88 Annuity Fund, Special ...... 754 00 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund .... 60 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial B ed ...... 50 00 7,793 52 S o d * 3 ...... New Missionaries Fund, 1911-1912 ... 14,326 35 Sect. 4.— Miscellaneous Funds— Semi-Centennial Fund ...... $ 1,711 16 Specials to Egypt ...... 2,766 87 Miss Ella O. Kyle’s School, C airo ...... 1,007 50 Assiut College ...... 200 00 New School, Alexandria ...... 25 00 Library Endowment Fund, Assiut Col­ lege ...... 50 00 Pressly Memorial Institute, Income Riverside Irrigation District Bond .. 30 00 Specials to India ...... 1,977 29 India Famine Orphans Fund ...... 66 62 Sargodha Mission School Buildings ... 200 00 Gujranwala High School ...... 14 50 India Theological Seminary ...... 25 00 Special to Sudan ...... 1,046 11 James A. Elliott Sudan Boat ...... 25 00 Sudan Orphanage ...... 338 55 Garnett Presbytery, Special, 1912-1913 50 00 New Missionaries Fund, 1913-1914 ------40 00 Bequest, Estate of Josephine C. Stiles, Deceased ...... 778 36 Million Dollar Fund ...... 25 00 Robert Arthington Donation ...... 2,186 62 Women’s Board for Account Los An­ geles Presbytery .*...... 375 00 Women’s Board for Account Cedar Rapids Presbytery ...... 275 00 Womens’ Board for Account Sewickley, Pa. S. S...... 4 60 China Famine R elief Fund ...... 540 65 ------$ 13,758 83 #47,894 05 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer.

SCHEDULE D. investments and Loans. Not applicable on the Appropriation or the General Assembly. Matured Mortgages ...... $ 15,400 00 Loans ...... 47,000 00 $ 62,400 00

DISBURSEMENTS.

SCHEDULE A. India Mission— Remitted and paid Tor India, Account ..$112,814 59 Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 10,777 36 Specials to India ...... 6,820 96 India Famine Orphans ...... 66 62 Gujranwala High School ...... 14 50 India Theological Seminary ...... 2500 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 813 72 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 202 00 Rev. John B. Dales, D. D., Semi-Centen­ nial Fund ...... 125 00 Sargodha Mission School Buildings ... 200 00 Account New Missionaries ...... 1,770 00 -$133,629 75

SCHEDULE B. Egyptian Mission— 28,120 20 Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 861 29 Specials to Egypt ...... 14,745 91 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage 716 61 Pressly Memorial Institute ...... 417 90 Miss Ella O. Kyle’ s School, Cairo .. 1,007 50 Assiut College ...... 200 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,578 06 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 130 23 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund . . 314 04 Wallace Kidd Memorial F und ...... 60 00 Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Rev. John B. Dales, D. D., Semi-Centen nial Fund ...... 125 00 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial F u n d ...... 292 50 Pressly Fund ...... 242 92 Theological Seminary Endowment Fund 500 00 Robert Dwight Foster Memorial Fund 60 00 Rev. W . W . Barr, D. D., Memorial Fund 30 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Bed .. 50 00 New School, Alexandria ...... 25 00 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund . 60 00 Library Endowment Fund, Assiut College 50 00 Account New Missionaries ...... 4,080 00 -$153,727 16

SCHEDULE C. Sudan Mission— Remitted and paid for Sudan Account $ 24,657 79 Specials to Sudan ...... 3,405 24 Semi-centennial Fund ...... 4,338 77 James A. Elliott, Sudan Boat ...... 25 00 Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 61 79 Robert Arthington Fund ...... 1,500 00 Robert Arthington Fund Paid Dietrich Reimer and Ernst ...... 137 15 Women’s Board Loan Omdurman Par sonage Remitted ...... 996 85 Women’s Board Loan Omdurman Par sonage, Paid in Am erica ...... 2,503 15 Sudan Orphanage ...... 338 55 Account New Missionaries ...... 1,500 00 -$ 39,464 29 254 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer.

S C H E D U LE D.

Expenses of Missionaries Outside of Fields— Traveling: Expenses India Missionaries . $ 3,761 02 Traveling Expenses Egyptian Mission­ aries ...... 5,727 55 Traveling Expenses, Sudan Missionaries 653 05 Outfit Egyptian Missionary ...... 150 00 Furlough Salaries India Missionaries .. . 5,224 57 Furlough Salaries Egyptian Missionaries 6,680 04 Furlough Salaries Sudan Missionaries . 1,462 27 Children of India Missionaries...... 50 00 Children of Egyptian Missionaries .... 476 33 Children of Sudan Missionaries...... 100 00 ------$ 24,284 83

SCHEDULE E.

Expenses of New Missionaries Outside of Fields— Traveling Expenses India Missionaries . $ 1,173 26 Traveling Expenses Egyptian Mission­ aries ...... 1,362 20 Traveling Expenses Sudan Missionaries 489 30 Outfit Allowance India Missionaries .. 450 00 Outfit Allowance Egyptian Mission­ aries ...... 900 00 Outfit Allowance Sudan Missionaries . . 300 00 Tuition Allowance India Missionaries .. 30 00 Tuition Allowance Egyptian Mission­ aries ...... 30 00 Tuition Allowance Sudan Missionaries .. 10 00 Sundry Expenses ...... 13 07 ------$ 4,757.83

SCHEDULE F. Miscellaneous Funds— Samuel Kerr Fund Annuity Interest ...$ 373 00 Matthew Nickie Memorial Fund in Trust 102 00 Legal Expenses ...... 185 00 Taxes ...... 22 09 Insurance ...... 9 36 Emergency Fund ...... 39 50 Special Allowance Mrs. H. L. Brandon . 471 80 Million Dollar Committee Expense .... 1,335 00 Women’s Board Account Los Angeles Presby...... 375 00 Women’s Board Account Cedar Rapids P resby...... 275 00 Women’s Board Account, Sewickley Pa. S. S...... 4 60 Women’s Board Tuition Allowance .... 60 00 Women’s Board Travel to World in Boston ...... 83 60 Women’s Board Travel to Tarkio Con- ference 15 70 Travel to World in Cincinnati...... 2325 Travel to Tarkio Conference ...... 1000 Travel to World in Boston ...... 89 89 China Famine Relief Fund Paid The Christian Herald ...... 47 14 China Famine Relief Fund Paid Jacob H. Schiff, Treas...... 478 34 Maria J. Miles Fund, S p e c ia l...... 302 00 ------? 4,302 27

S C H E D U LE a. Interest— On Loans ...... $ 2,075 29 On Annuities, General ...... 1,460 88 On Annuity, Special ...... 600 00 ------$ 4,136 17 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer. 255-

SCHEDULE H. Administrative Expenses— Salary, Corresponding Secretary .. $ 2,500 00 Salary, Treasurer ...... 500 00 Salary, Associate Secretary ...... 2,000 00 Traveling Expenses, Corresponding Sec retary ...... 505 46 Traveling Expenses, Associate Secretary 483 28 Clerical Allowance, Corresponding Sec retary ...... 2,269 64 Clerical Allowance, Treasurer ------672 00 Laymen’s Missionary Campaign Expenses 480 04 Printing, Postage, Rent, Ofllce and Gen eral Expenses ...... 5,535 24 Miscellaneous Expenses, General . 148 45 $15,094 11

SCHEDULE I.

Investments ...... $ 26,400 00 Loans Repaid ...... 48,000 00 ------$ 74,400 00

INDEBTEDNESS.

Due Reserve Fund ...... $43,374 52 Due by Missions, etc. ...$ 7,586 86 Outstanding Loans ...... 41,262 57 Cash Bal. April 30, 1912 . 10,274 54 ------Deficit, April 30, 1912 ... 66,775 69- $84,637 09 ------$84,637 09- 256 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer.

SECURITIES AND INVESTMENTS, 1912. First Mortgage on Property Knox St., Germantown, Phila...... $2,500 oo 219 S. Lex St., Philadelphia...... 4,000 oo 5010 Franklin St., Frankford, Phila 3,500 oo “ 5024 Franklin St.. Franklin, Phila...... 3,5 00 00 “ 1122 Fillmore St., Frankford, Phila. ... 2,000 00 N. E. Cor. Howard & Palmer Sts., Phila. . 30,000 oo “ Friendship Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa...... 3,300 00 “ Chartiers Ave., McKees Rocks, Pa...... 4,000 00 “ W est Park, McKees Rocks, Pa...... 1,250 00 “ Forbes St., Pittsburgh, Pa...... 2,500 oo “ Russelwood Ave., McKees Rocks, Pa. . 1,200 oo “ Russelwood Ave., McKees Rocks, Pa. ... 1,400 00 “ Orchard St., Esplen, Pa...... 2,500 00 “ Carrick St., Carrick, Pa...... 3,500 oo “ Linwood Ave., Crafton, Pa...... 3,500 00 A St., Oakmont, Pa...... 3,000 oo Heisel St., Homestead, Pa...... 6,000 00 “ Jackson St., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. . 3,500 oo Tacoma St., 2lst Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. 3,500 00 W. Carson St., Pittsburgh, Pa...... 3,000 00 Ninth Ave., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. . 3,500 00 Ridge & Monroe Aves., Chartiers Town­ ship, Pa...... 3,500 00 Freeland St., 18th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. 2,800 00 “ Stanton Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa...... 1,4 00 00 “ Sycamore St., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. 2,500 00 Creston, Nebraska ...... 7,000 00 Perrysville & Prospect Aves., Ben Avon Pa...... 3,600 00 “ Bellaire Ave., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. 3,500 00 Mathilda & Yew Sts.. Pittsburgh, Pa. . . 1,500 00 Hillsboro St., 20th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1,200 00 Perrysville Ave., Pittsburgh, N. S., Pa. . . 3,000 00 Devilliers St., 5th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. 2,100 00 Summerfield, Fayette Co., Pa...... 2,700 00 815 Hill St., Sewickley, Pa...... 3,500 00 Lehigh Ave., Borough of West View, Pittsburgh, Pa...... 2,000 00 “ 232 Birmingham Ave., Carrick, Pa...... 3,100 00 Wainbell Ave., Borough of Dormont, Allegheny Co.. Pa...... 4,000 00 Race St., Borough of Edgewood, Pa. ... 3,000 00 “ Susquehanna Street, 13th Ward, Pitts­ burgh, Pa 3,00 0 00 “ Biddle Ave., 3rd Ward, Wilklnsburg, Pa. 3,00 0 00 Property 231 S. Lex St., Philadelphia *Farm land, Morgan County, Colorado. ‘ First Mortgage on Property, Carroll County, O h io ...... 1,920 00 *West Penn Railways Bond 4239 ...... 1,000 00 ‘West Penn Railways Bond 4240 ...... 1,000 00 ‘ Riverside Irrigation District Bond 708 ...... 500 00 ‘ Riverside Irrigation District Bond 709 ...... 5 00 00 ‘ Three Shares Capital Stock Citizens Trust Co., Canonsburg, Pa. *U. S. Bond ...... 500 00 ‘ These investments came to us from the donors, and are not investments which were made by our Board. All of the above investments represent the principals of specially endowed and annuity funds, which are required to be kept invested. ROBERT L. LATIMER, Treasurer.

Philadelphia, May 6th, 1912. To the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America. Gentlemen: • I hereby certiiy that I have examined the accounts and vouchers of Robert L. Latimer, Treasurer, for the year ending April 30th, 1912, and find same correct. The cash balance, securities and investments have been verified by me, and I also certify same to be correct. Respectfully submitted, JOHN A. STEWART, Auditor. Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 25 7

DETAILED STATEMENT OF TREASURER.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF RECEIPTS. Mdy 1st, 1921, to April 30th, 1912.

PRESBYTERIES. Albany ...... $2,851 82 Le Claire ...... 461 51 Allegheny ...... 11,946 45 Los Angeles ...... 2,791 72 Argyle ...... 3,376 13 Mansfield ...... 942 11 Arkansas Valley ...... l , 9 l l 54 Mercer ...... 2,852 90 Beaver Valley ...... 1,862 13 Monmouth ...... 5,253 25 Big S p r in g ...... 1,226 59 Monongahela ...... 22,627 31 Boston ...... 1,779 36 Muskingum ...... 3,661 13 Brookville ...... 302 56 New Jersey ...... 567 24 Butler ...... 6,966 21 New York ...... 1,149 79 Caledonia ...... 2,268 80 Ohio, First ...... 2,336 37 Cedar Rapids ...... 2,127 12 Oklahoma ...... 126 11 Chartiers ...... 7,102 42 Omaha ...... 2,065 15 Chicago ...... 1,714 94 Oregon ...... 995 48 Cleveland ...... 3,255 40 Pawnee ...... 1,314 87 College Springs ...... 3,421 36 Philadelphia ...... 5,205 22 C o lo ra d o ...... 2,319 40 Pittsburgh ...... 376 06 Concordia ...... 231 20 Puget Sound ...... 834 50 Conemaugh ...... 1,110 00 Rock Island ...... 2,795 06 Delaware ...... 2,630 94 San Francisco ...... 1,889 53 Des Moines ...... 1,611 36 Sidney ...... 1,297 64 Detroit ...... 1,073 16 Spokane ...... 204 00 Frankfort ...... 1,333 98 Stamford ...... 106 20 Garnett ...... 1,350 24 Steubenville ...... 3,401 71 Idaho ...... 348 00 Tennessee ...... 441 26 Illinois Central ...... 1,161 99 Texas ...... 141 00 Illinois Southern ...... 3,859 44 Vermont ...... 260 57 Indiana ...... 1,709 86 Westmoreland ...... 4,920 43 Indiana Northern ...... 310 67 W heeling ...... 4,678 90 Iowa N o rth w e ste rn 381 20 W isconsin ...... 83 3 57 Kansas City ...... 1,085 87 Xenia ...... 3,682 46 Keokuk ...... 5,5 32 79 Kiskiminetas ...... 1,032 63 $159,283 61 Lake ...... 1,875 00

SABBATH SCHOOLS. The J. G. Paton Bible Ontario Street, Buffalo, Class, Beaver Falls, Pa. $500 00 N. Y ...... 41 41 Norris Square, Phila., Pa. 250 00 Florida, N. v ...... 41 00 Johnstown, N. Y. . . . 225 00 Berean Class, Grove City, Marissa, 111...... 158 00 Pa...... 38 00 Bellevue, Pa...... 155 70 Homer City, Pa...... 36 00 Seventh, Philadelphia, Pa. 150 00 Men’s Class, Ingram, Pa. . 36 00 Germantown, Philadelphia Saltsburg, Pa...... 35 00 Pa...... 120 63 Sharon, Pa...... 34 00 Second, Wilklnsburg, Pa 120 00 Clarion, I o w a ...... 33 04 Birmingham, Mich...... 100 00 Atlantic Ave., McKeesport, North Philadelphia, Pa. 97 00 Pa., Organized Bible Valencia, Pa...... 81 50 Class ...... 32 75 Fifth, Philadelphia, Pa. . 80 00 Corsicana, Texas ...... 32 50 First, Detroit, Mich. . . . 70 00 Lowell, Mass...... 32 50 First, Central Falls, R. I. 67 15 Monmouth, Calif...... 30 00 Piper City, 111...... 65 91 Dales Memorial, Philadel­ Whitinsville, Mass. . . . 65 00 phia, Pa...... 28 52 Oak Park, Philadelphia First, Baltimore, Md. . . . 28 25 Pa...... 60 00 Albany, N. Y ...... 28 00 First, Cleveland, Ohio . . 50 00 First, St. Joseph, Mo. . . 27 87 Second, Philadelphia, Pa 50 00 Garner, Iowa ...... 27 85 West Philadelphia, Pa. 49 00 Fair hill, Philadelphia, Pa. 26 70 Fourth, Philadelphia, Pa. 45 99 Cedar Rapids, Iow a ...... 26 27 Stamford, Ontario, Canada 44 00 Emsworth, Pa...... 25 00 Wilmington, Del...... 42 40 1 17 258 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Mrs. Fannie Brook’s Class, Miss Anna Fullerton’s Huntsville, Ohio ...... 25 00 Class, Coulterville, 111.. 1 25 Paschall Ave., Philadel­ infant Class and Teacher phia, Pa...... 25 00 Second, Pawnee City, West Alexander, Pa...... 25 00 Neb...... 1 10 Class No. 10, Latrobe, Allegheny Presbytery ... 1,182 71 Pa...... 25 00 Argyle Presbytery ...... 556 26 Mr. Alford’s Class, GTove Arkansas Valley Presby­ City, Pa...... 22 00 tery ...... 1 50 W ashington, D. C...... 20 00 Beaver Valley Presbytery 936 42 Burlington, Iow a ...... 20 00 Big Spring Presbytery . . 285 27 Brown Ave., Erie, Pa. . . 19 58 Boston Presbytery ...... 236 49 North Ave., Baltimore, Md. 19 50 Brookville Presbytery .. 56 00 Ninth, Pittsburgh, Pa. . . 19 00 Butler Presbytery ...... 178 00 Eighth, Philadelphia, Pa. 19 00 Caledonia Presbytery .. 510 94 Chicota, Texas ...... 18 75 Cedar Rapids Presbytery 193 47 Fairfax, Iowa ...... 16 00 Chartiers Presbytery . . 486 75 First, Providence, R. I. . 15 00 Chicago Presbytery .... 173 38 Salinas, Calif...... 14 89 Cleveland Presbytery . .. 271 07 Reinbeck, Iowa ...... 12 50 College Springs Presby­ Class No. 4, First, Corsi­ tery ...... 889 11 cana, Texas ...... 12 50 Colorado Presbytery .. . 701 94 East Union, Pa...... 12 00 Concordia Presbytery . .. 87 55 Mars, Pa...... 11 05 Conemaugh Presbytery . 19 00 Mr. Fulton’ s Class, Belle Delaware Presbytery .. . 194 42 Centre, Ohio ...... 10 00 Des Moines Presbytery . 488 36 Bolivar, Pa...... 10 00 Detroit Presbytery ...... 42 49 Sixth, Allegheny, Pa. .. . 10 00 Frankfort Presbytery .. 469 02 Conemaugh, Pa...... 10 00 Garnett Presbytery .... 63 61 Agenda, Calif...... 10 00 Illinois Central Presbytery 113 85 Class No. 9, Newton, Iowa 8 00 Illinois Southern Presby­ Toronto, Ohio ...... 7 50 tery ...... 306 26 North Branch, Winterset, Indiana P r e s b y te r y ...... 126 29 Iowa ...... 7 40 Indiana Northern Presby­ Little Muskingum, Ohio.. 7 00 tery ...... 63 91 Elderton, Pa...... 6 00 Kansas City Presbytery . 206 16 West Fairfield, Pa...... 6 00 Kiskiminetas Presbytery. 156 97 Oxford, Pa...... 5 69 Le Claire Presbytery .... 35 00 Second, San Francisco, Los Angeles Presbytery . 100 21 Calif...... 5 00 Mansfield Presbytery .. 72 89 Raccoon, New Sheffield, Mercer Presbytery ...... 366 99 Pa...... 5 00 Monongahela Presbytery. 1,053 12 Cedar Creek, Greenville, Muskingum Presbytery . 62 65 Tenn...... 5 00 New Jersey Presbytery . 84 50 Mount Nebo, Pa...... 5 00 New York Presbytery .. 502 56 Shelocta, Pa...... 5 00 Ohio First Presbytery .. . 645 57 Class No. 16, Sparta, 111. 5 00 Oklahoma Presbytery . .. 19 20 Houston Valley, Tenn. . . 4 50 Oregon Presbytery .... 2 50 Tama Indian Mission, Iowa 4 21 Pawnee Presbytery .... 265 63 Morganville, Ohio ...... 4 00 Pittsburgh Presbytery .. 3 94 West Middlesex, Pa...... 4 00 Rock Island Presbytery . 290 61 Cutler, 111...... 4 00 Sidney Presbytery ...... 3 44 93 Ingleside, Calif...... 3 50 Steubenville Presbytery.. 469 87 C. F. C.’s Class, Easton, Tennessee Presbytery .. 280 21 Calif...... 3 35 Vermont Presbytery . . . 84 09 Altus, Oklahoma ...... 3 25 Westmoreland Presby­ Broadalbin, N. Y ...... 3 05 tery ...... 574 63 Oleander, Calif...... 2 85 Xenia Presbytery ...... 116 66 Buckingham, Iowa ...... 2 60 OO OO 92 Oí INDIVID Sixth Piittsburgh, Pa., A Friend of Missions, Gar- Cong. Special ...... $1,250 00 ratsville, N. Y ...... 247 00 Miss Narcissy N. Cochran 1,157 50 Traveling Expense Re­ Mr. T. C. McCrea .-...... 1,000 00 fund ...... 23G 17 Missionary Prayer League, Mr. W illiam Hamilton O per Geo. M. Paden, Annuity ...... O 00 Treas ...... 945 41 A Friend, per Rev. J. M. J. B. Davenport, N. Y. 500 00 Atchison, D. D ...... 200 00 Mr. David Nelson ...... 500 00 Y. M. C. A., Allegheny Two Friends, Allegheny, Seminary ...... 200 00 Pa...... 400 00 Messrs. J. K. Morrison & Mrs. Elizabeth j . Bradford 300 00 Sons ...... 150 00 Friends of Missions, Mt. A Friend of Missions, Los Pleasant, Pa...... 300 00 Angeles, Calif...... 150 00 A Friend of Missions, Miss Laura G. Dorsey .. . 131 00 Philadelphia, Pa...... 275 00 Glad Tidings ...... 122 32 O Student Volunteer Band Mr. and Mrs. C. T. Full- O and Y. M. C. A., W est­ w ood ...... 00 minster College ...... 258 00 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 2 5 9

A Contributor, Jersey- Mr. W m. A. Gillespie . . . 25 00 City, N. J...... 100 00 Mrs. R. S. G r im e s ...... 25 00 Mr Wm. Wright ...... 100 00 Rev. Samuel Dodds, D. D. 25 00 Rev. A. M. Thompson . . . 100 00 Prof. O. S. Johnston .... 2 5 00 Two Friends, Pittsburgh, Mrs. Melissa M. McClel­ Pa...... 100 00 land ...... 25 00 Mr. James Hoven ...... 100 00 Mr. Matthew E. Coie .... 25 00' A Friend, Mercer, Pa. .. . 100 00 Rev. and Mrs. J. P. Finney 25 00- Mr. A. M. J o h n s to n ...... 100 00 Rev. J. M. Adair ...... 25 oo Dr. L. M. Henry ...... 100 00 Mr. H. J. Johnson ...... 25 00 Rev. J. T. Campbell .... 100 00 Mr. J. B. W atson ...... 22 50 A Friend, Ottawa, Kans... 100 00 Mr. w . A. Gillespie ____ 20 00’ Eleanor B. Me Adam .... 100 00 Mr. John A. Anderson .. . 20 00 Mr. A. G. Murray ...... 100 00 Mr. John Lamont ...... 20 00 Thank Offering, W heeling Mr. and Mrs. Newberry . 20 00 Presby...... 100 00 Anonymous, Omaha, Neb. 20 00 A Friend of Missions, New Mrs. Isabella Porter .... 20 00 Castle, Pa...... 85 00 R. M. B u c k ...... 20 00 Mrs. Ada Pringle ...... 80 00 Rev. Thos. H. Hanna, D. D. 20 00 Mrs. Catharine Wight ... 60 00 Williamette, Oakville, Rev. R. L. Lanning, D. D. 58 04 Oregon, Cong...... 20 00 A number of ladies of Mr. G. A. D a v id s o n ...... 20 00 Marissa, 111., Cong. . . . 52 00 Norfolk, Va., Freedman Mr. Aleck Conner ...... 50 00 Cong...... 20 00 Chase City, Va., Freed- Miss Elizabeth A. Salton 20 00 men Cong...... 50 00 E. Blanche Gailey ...... 18 00 Mrs. Christiana D. Barr . 50 00 Romeo, Colo., Cong. . . 18 00 A Friend of Missions, In­ Why and How Mission gram, Pa...... 50 00 Study Class, Paschall Trustees Rafferty Trust Ave., Philadelphia, Pa., Fund, Second Alle Y. P. C. U...... 16 50 gheny, Pa...... 50 00 Miss Kate M. Laughead .. 16 00 Mr. A. M cA rth u r ...... 50 00 Miss Sara C. McCall .... 15 00 Mrs. Lila D. G r e e n ...... 50 00 Miss McElrov ...... 15 00 Individuals, Waterloo, la. 50 00 Dr. M. C. R a m a le y ...... 15 00 Mrs. F. M. W a l k e r ...... 50 00 Rev. R. G. Ferguson, D. D. 15 00 An Ex-United Presbyter­ S. A. Jack ...... 15 00 ian ...... 50 00 Mr. A. M. Forsythe .... 15 00 Individuals, Tennessee Mr. and Mrs. George H. Presby...... 45 00 Anderson ...... 15 00 Laymen’s Dept. Refund . 43 95 A Friend, Cambridge, Shelocta, Pa., Cong., “ A Mass...... 15 00 Friend” ...... 41 75 Mrs. M. I. Timerson .... 15 00 Mrs. Mary J. W att ...... 40 00 Mr. F. J. McFate ...... 15 00 Mrs. Lurancy E. Pogue . 40 00 Maps ...... 14 90 Mr. W . J. A d a m s ...... 40 00 Sarah N. McClung and One o f the Lord’s Shut- family ...... 13 76 Ins ...... 40 00 Telephone refund ...... 12 84 Estate o f James Rafferty John Stefan ...... 12 50 Income ...... 38 39 Miss Lyda F. L a n t z ...... 12 50 Mrs. Hager ...... 35 00 A Few Friends, Cedar Mrs. Nannie M. Knoblock 35 00 Rapids, Iowa ...... 12 oo Good Hope Mission, Pitts­ Mrs. M. J. Radcliffe, Miss burgh, Pa...... 35 00 J. C. Mitchell, Mrs. Rev. L. R. Randles ...... 30 00 John Fuller, Mr. H. C. Mr. J. M. Sembower and Grate, Mr. John I. Bon­ family ...... 30 00 ner ...... 11 00 Mr. Joe S. I r w i n ...... 30 00 Mr. and Mrs. John Hogg 11 00 Prof. Donald G. Cathcart 30 00 Rev. W . J. Everhart .... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. Jas. V. Stew­ Two Friends from Kansas 10 00 art ...... 30 00 Dr. Martha Hamilton . . . 10 00 Rev. Jos. Kyle, D. D., Mrs. A. J. Meek ...... 10 00 LL. D...... 25 00 Mr. J. S. McCracken .... 10 00 Mr. Robinson Paul ...... 25 00 Misses Mae and Margaret Mr. Joseph Barr ...... 25 00 Beveridge ...... 10 00 Mr. J. m . Godfrey ...... 25 00 Rev. E. T. Jeffers ...... 10 00 C. H. W hite ...... 25 00 Mr. Ben T. W e l c h ...... 10 00 Mrs. D. M. Ure ...... 25 00 A Friend, Pittsburgh, S. F. Stewart ...... 25 00 Pa...... 10 00 Miss Alice Davis ...... 25 00 Mrs. R. L. Brownlee and Mr. and Mrs. John Bechtel 25 00 Miss Maria Patterson . 10 00 A Friend of Missions, Miss Nettie Castor ...... 10 00 Blacklick, Pa...... 25 00 Miss Mary Degelman .. . 10 00 Mrs. E. T. Dickson 25 00 J. F. B r o a d b e n t...... 10 00 Mrs. S. A. V i c k e r s ...... 25 00 J. M. Anderson ...... 10 00 Mr. John Burgess ...... 25 00 Mrs. Lena Linn ...... 10 00 Mr. Jas. S. Campbell . .. 25 00 Misses Susan R. and M. Mr. Oscar L. Jackson . . . 25 00 B. Murdock ...... 10 00 Mr. j. H. Schlater ...... 25 00 260 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Mrs. Margaret McCleery R. H. W illiams ...... 5 25 and son Roy ...... 10 00 Rev. J. C. Pinkerton ... 5 05 Rev. C. F. W ishart, D. D. 10 00 Mrs. J. H. Boyd ...... 5 00 'W. Wallace Miller ...... 10 00 A Friend, Washington, la. 5 00 Mrs. James Young .... 10 00 Miss Sarah Watson .... 5 00 W. C. Wright ...... 10 00 Miss Emily Matthews .. . 5 00 •John L. Cockins ...... 10 00 Mr. H. W . Rexford ____ 5 00 Mr. S. W . B o y d ...... 10 00 Mrs. Mary Clark ...... 5 00 Mrs. F. S. C la r k ...... 10 00 Mrs. E. A. Brownlee .... 5 00 D . J. McClay ...... 10 00 Miss Lydia McCague .... 5 00 Rev. L. R. F r e e ...... 10 00 Mr. D. B. D e c k e r ...... 5 00 Rev. and Mrs. J. B. Gallo­ Miss A. A. M illig a n ...... 5 00 w ay ...... 10 00 H. G. Sands ...... 5 00 •Mrs. K. C. Johnston and Mrs. Jennie E. Quay .... 5 00 Miss E. M. Johnston . 10 00 Miss Margaret C. Eaton . 5 00 (George J. O. Davidson . 10 00 Mr. Robert Killough . . . 5 00 Mrs. E. J. Brownlee .... 10 00 Miss Lizzie Glasgow .... 5 00 Mrs. John A. Crawford .. 10 00 Mr. W . D. Crawford .... 5 00 Mrs. Harry Harness .... 10 00 Miss Jessie N. Steele . . . 5 00 Mrs. Robert Roulsion ... 10 00 Miss Lizzie J. Steele . . . 5 00 Mrs. Lizzie J. Steele .... 10 00 Dr. S. C. S h a n e ...... 5 00 W . A. Cuthbertson ...... 10 00 Mrs. J. R. Nelson ...... 5 00 Rev. A. S. Aiken ...... 10 00 Mr. J. P. T r a c y ...... 5 00 W . P. Dunlap ...... 10 00 Mr. George Innes ...... 5 00 Mr. James Young ...... 10 00 Miss Anna Davidson .... 5 00 Anonymous, Pittsburgh, Mrs. A. E. Kincaid ...... 5 00 Pa...... 10 00 Miss Sara Carothers .... 5 00 F. N. Crawford ...... 10 00 Miss Ambrose ...... 5 00 Mr. James H. McQuown .. 10 00 Mr. F. H. W hite ...... 5 00 Mrs. E. S. B ic k e t t ...... 10 00 Mr. Geo. C. Shane ...... 5 00 Miss Marguerite Lambie . 10 00 Two United Presbyter­ R. T. Nelson ...... 10 00 ians, Oakdale, Pa...... 5 00 Mrs. Jennie C. Hutchinson 10 00 A Friend of Missions, G. I. Findley ...... 10 00 Leichburg, Pa...... 5 00 Mr. George W. Graham . . 10 00 A Bee in the Bushel, A. L. Dickson ...... 10 00 Philadelphia, Pa...... 5 00 B. S. McKnight ...... 10 00 Miss Maria J. Miles .... 5 00 Mr. Thos. Moffett ...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. Robert Liv­ Member of St. Joseph, ingston ...... 5 00 Mo., Cong...... 10 00 Rev. George E. Raitt .... 5 00 Miss Janet M. Lambie . . 10 00 Miss Margaret J. Graham. 5 00 A Friend of Missions, Rev. Earl D. M ille r ...... 5 00 Weiser, Idaho ...... 10 00 A Friend of Missions, Mrs. Bella G. and Miss West Alexander, Pa. .. 5 00 Grace Lytle ...... 10 00 Miss Beatrice McBride . 5 00 Mrs. Elizabeth C. Ridge . 10 00 Anonymous, Pittsburgh . 5 00 Friends of Missions, Mon­ Mrs. H. E. M orrow .... 5 00 mouth, 111...... 10 00 Miss M. E. Douds ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. A. Patton ...... 10 00 A Friend ...... 5 00 Miss Louella Hays ...... 10 00 Mr. Thomas A. Dicks . .. 5 00 Oak Lane Presbyterian W . J. McDowell ...... 5 00 Church, Phila., Pa. ... 10 00 Miss Maud M itc h e ll...... 5 00 Misses Hattie and Lena Dr. and Mrs. E. R. Mont- McQuiston ...... 10 00 zingo ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. L. S. Castor 10 00 Bliss Anna E. Armstrong. 5 00 Mrs. David Anderson . . . 10 00 Melville Allen ...... 5 00 A Friend of Missions, Miss Edith A. Little .... 5 00 Cherry Fork, Ohio . . . 10 00 Mrs. Mary B a n k e r ...... 5 00 Mr. S. J. E r w i n ...... 10 00 Mr. W m . A. C o o k ...... 5 00 Mr. Fred O. Shane ...... 9 00 H. S. W e s t b r o o k ...... 5 00 Townsville Mission, N. C. 9 00 Thomas M urray ...... 5 00 Mrs. G. W . M a lle t...... 8 50 Rev. Geo. W hiteside .... 5 00 Egyptian Mission Refund. 8 00 Miss Jennie E. McCallom. 5 00 Mr. J. W . Sanders ...... 7 85 Mrs. J. R. M ille r ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. G. Bull ...... 7 00 Misses Nullmeyer ...... 5 00 Mr. R. C. V a n c e ...... 7 00 Miss Anna B. R utherford. 5 00 Miss Glenn 0. Henderson 7 00 J. T. Du Shane ...... 5 00 Six Members Oleana, 111., A Friend, New Castle, Pa. 5 00 Cong...... 6 00 Mrs. Geo. W ight ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. L. Richardson and Cash, Pittsburgh, Pa. . . . 5 00 daughter ...... 6 00 Cash, Sewickley, Pa. . . . 5 00 Lewis Hickman ...... 6 00 A Friend, Loveland, Colo. 5 00 W . B. Gilmore ...... 6 00 A Friend, West Glover, P. F. Black ...... 6 00 V t...... 5 00 W . B. C r a ig ...... 6 00 Rev. w . H. McMillan, Alexander and Mabel D. D...... 5 00 Heslop ...... 6 00 John B. McBride ...... 5 00 J. T. Campbell ...... 6 00 Mrs. Mary A. Henderson . 5 00 Mr. J. A. Puntenney .... 5 35 Miss Margaret L. McAra . 5 00 Annual Report­-Detailed, Statement of Treasurer. 2 6 1

e rs . Ida M. French ...... 5 00 Rev. w . D. and Mrs. M. W. Galloway ...... 5 00 E w in g ...... 5 00 j. n . Sprole ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. W . L. Hm - Clarence T. W elch ...... 5 00 lon ...... 5 00 Leonard' Nesbit ...... 5 00 Mrs. S. M. Gordon and Mrs. D. T. M cK e a g ...... 5 00 daughter ...... 5 00 E T. M cL au ghlin...... 5 00 Second Wilkinsburg, Pa., W. G. McCrory ...... 5 00 Cong...... 5 00 j. p. Cameron ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. Harry Golden Smith ...... 5 00 Souder ...... 5 00 Mrs. E. H. Thompson . . . 5 00 Miss Lillian A. McCon­ Miss A. F. C o o k e ...... 5 00 nell ...... 5 00 Rev. A. S. Vincent, D. D .. 5 00 Mr. C. R. C ath cart...... 5 00 Rev. J. 0 . Ashenhurst . . 5 00 Anonymous, Ireton, la.. 5 00 Rev. W . V. Grove ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. Frank Nan- H. R. M ille r ...... 5 00 ford ...... 5 00 Guernsey, la., Cong...... 5 00 Miss Zella Crawford .... 5 00 Florence Porter ...... 5 00 Mrs. S. G. Hughes ...... 5 00 Katharine Anderson .... 5 00 Mr. Howard Stewart . . . 5 00 A Student ...... 5 00 A Member o f C. E. S., Mr. J. W . P a r k ...... 5 00 W est 44th St., New Rev. J. H. Harsha ...... 5 00 Y ork ...... 5 00 Three Ladies, per Mr. Eliza J. Thomas ...... 5 00 Wm. Hutton ...... 5 00 Merle D. Montgomery .. . 5 00 Emma Gross ...... 5 00 Mr J. W . J a ck s o n ...... 5 00 Miss C. M. W . Foster . . . 5 00 Miss Belle Thompson . . . 5 00 Dr. and Mrs. W . N. Cun­ Rev. w . W . Barr, D. D., ningham ...... 5 00 Memorial ...... 5 00 Henry M. Hall ...... 5 00 Miss Ada B. P h ilip s ...... 5 00 Robert S. Gilkerson .... 5 00 Bluestone, Va., Freed- Miss Lizzie Bell ...... 5 00 rnen Mission ...... 5 00 Miss Jeannette M. inches 5 00 Individuals, Ohio First Rev. R. M. Sturgeon .... 5 00 Presbytery ...... 5 00 Joseph S. Hood ...... 5 00 Mr. George P a r n e ll...... 5 00 Dorothy Geibrick ...... 5 00 Miss Minnehaha Finney . 5 00 Wm. R. Paterson ...... 5 00 Rev. W . J. Golden ...... 5 00 W. L. and Mrs. Mary Mr. J. T. L l o y d ...... 5 00 Simpson ...... 5 00 Mr. John P. A ik in ...... 5 00 Mrs. F. E. F o s t e r ...... 5 00 Mrs. Marion Embleton Anonymous, An Old Fash­ Banfleld ...... 5 00 ioned Methodist...... 5 00 Mrs. E. E. B o y c e ...... 5 00 Mrs. Daniel Harris ...... 5 00 Brookings, S. D., Cong. . 5 00 F. R. M cK e e ...... 5 00 Dr. L. B. Peterson ...... 5 00 Elizabeth McGee ...... 5 00 Rev. H. M. Tyndall, S. T. Mrs. G. S. M cE w e n ...... 5 00 D...... 5 00 Miss Bessie Finley ...... 5 00 Mr J J McKnight ...... 5 00 Mrs. E. J. T h o m a s ...... 5 00 One who is interested in J. K. Love ...... 5 00 the w ork ...... 5 00 Mrs. Mary A. Glass .... 5 00 Mrs. S. J. Johnston .... 4 95 Mrs. Mary M. W eir .... 5 00 Dr. and Mrs. C. C. Stev­ Mr. Andrew Nicoll .... 5 00 enson ...... 4 00 Mrs. Mary B. Philips . . . 5 00 Dalton Galloway ...... 4 00 J. D. Yarnell ...... 5 00 Mr. Joseph M. Lapp .... 4 00 J. Q. Miller ...... 5 00 Mr. W . D. Ord ...... 4 00 Alice Gllflllan ...... 5 00 Miss Katherine L. Terry. 3 50 Mrs. Jean Boyd Lake 5 00 Mrs. Mary Brownlee . . . 3 33 Miss Bertha Tinning . . . 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. Selwyn Anonymous, Xenia, Ohio . 5 00 Brittain ...... 3 00 Mary E. Chamberlain . . . 5 00 G. B. C a m e ro n ...... 3 00 Mrs. Jeannette Wilson . . 5 00 E. K. Rankin ...... 3 00 Florida, N. Y. Cong...... 5 00 S. P. Butler ...... 3 00 Miss Agnes W ishart .... 5 00 Rev. and Mrs. W . J. Stew­ Rev. D. S. Sharpe ...... 5 00 art ...... 3 00 Miss Eliza H a r p e r ...... 5 00 Miss Bessie McCartney . 3 00 J. A. H a rp e r...... 5 00 Rev. J. S. and Mrs. L. J. Mr. W . McKinley ...... 5 00 Turnbull ...... 3 00 Anonymous, Vander grift, Miss Sue Dodds ...... 3 00 Pa...... 5 00 Rev. W . R. W ilson, D. D. 2 70 Mrs. T. Annie Pamplin . . . 5 00 Mr. Edwin M. Clark . . . 2 70 I. J. Dickson ...... 5 00 Taxes Refund ...... 2 62 Rev. A. J. Johnson ...... 5 00 Mrs. Jennie Graham .... 2 50 J. L. ■ Montgomery ...... 5 00 Edward Whannel ...... 2 50 Mrs. E. E. Little ...... 5 00 Miss Grace L. Robertson 2 00 Mr. Wm. Little ...... 5 00 Mr. John Mehaffey ...... 2 00 Mrs. Margaret M. Smith . 5 00 Rev. W. P. McCormick . 2 00 Brownsville, W. Va„ Cong. 5 00 J. D. F in le y ...... 2 00 Henrietta McGregor .... 5 00 Misses Jennie E. and Sara M. Bell ...... 5 00 Anna M. S h a w ...... 2 00 Mr. W ill J. Evans ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. M. R a m s a y ...... 2 00 Mr. j. j. K e n n e d y ...... 5 00 262 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Mrs. Nellie McKay and A Member or First, Xenia, Jessie McKay ...... 2 00 Ohio ...... 1 00 J. E. S k e llie ...... 2 00 Mrs, Mary M. Mitchell . . 1 00 R. E. Chartier ...... 2 00 Mrs. J. M. M a r tin ...... 1 00 Archie Brown ...... 2 00 Mrs. Rebecca J. Orr .... 1 00 C. O. Vance ...... 2 00 Cash ...... 1 00 M. Cooper ...... 2 00 A Friend, New Castle, Pa. 1 00 Dr. W. A. McClanahan .. . 2 00 “ Missions,” Cadiz, Ohio . 1 00 A Reader of the United A Member of Beaver, Pa., Presbyterian, Pitts­ Cong...... l 00 burgh, Pa...... 2 00 Rev. W . B. Gillis ...... l 00 Cash, Hammonton, N. J .. 2 00 Anonymous, Lenox, la. . 1 00 J. B. Cavitt ...... 2 00 Rebecca T. Young ...... 1 00 Elizabeth and Margaret Mrs. Jane Brown ...... 1 00 Johnston ...... 2 00 Mrs. Grace Huston ...... 1 00 A Friend of Missions .. . 2 00 Juniors, First Washing­ J. McLee ...... 2 00 ton, la...... 1 00 Mrs. S. R. C o c h r a n ...... 2 00 M. Montgomery ...... 1 00 Anonymous, Steubenville, D. McCreight ...... 1 00 Ohio ...... 2 00 Rev. Orin A. K e a c h 1 00 Anna M. Caldwell ...... 2 00 “Anonymous” ...... l 00 Jay J. Eichenberger .. . 2 00 Mr. and Mrs. V. O. Benson 1 00 Members of Second Laura Clements ...... i 00 Church, Allegheny, Pa. 2 00 Miss Lena M. Matthews . l 00 Mr. and Mrs. F. L. Adams 2 00 Mrs. F. A. McDowell . . . 1 00 Rev. Chas. E. N a s h ...... 2 00 “Anonymous,” Oskaloosa, Miss M. B. G illila n d ____ 2 00 la...... 1 00 Anonymous, Pittsburgh, Jessie C. Leigh ...... 1 00 Pa...... 2 00 Anna Davidson ...... 1 00 Anonymous, Pittsburgh, Miss Bertha J. Morath .. 1 00 Pa...... 2 00 Mrs. M. McLeod ...... 1 00 A Friend, San Bernardino, L. H. Simipson ...... l 00 Calif...... 2 00 Miss Jennie Patton .... 1 00 A Tithe Prayer, Wilkins- Mrs. J. R. W iley ...... l 00 burg, Pa...... 2 00 Miss Harriet E. Magarvey 1 00 Rev. A. R. Rankin ...... 2 00 Miss Elizabeth McElroy . . 1 00 Mr. W . R. G'eorge and M. Mehard ...... i 00 family ...... 2 00 Ula Johnston ...... 1 0 0 Mr. G. E. Smith ...... 2 00 J. Pressly Thompson .. l 00 Two Friends, Washington, Eva W ells ...... 1 0 0 Iowa ...... 2 00 Anonymous, Celia, Pa. . . 1 00 Miss Myra Z. Campbell . 2 00 B. M. Stevenson ...... 1 00 Rev. T. R. A ik e n ...... 2 00 Second Church, New Miss Olgie R icker ...... 1 65 York, N. Y ...... l 00 Miss Anna M. Graham .. 1 50 Calvin Gilflllan ...... 1 00 Ada McQuiston ...... 1 50 Mrs. N. E. B o n n e r 1 00 A Friend of Missions . . . 1 50 Florence V. Long ...... 1 00 Mr. W illiam Patterson .. 1 04 Mrs. Ella G. McLain .... 1 00 Miss Mabel Craig ...... 1 00 Mr. R. W . Puntenney . . . 1 00 Mr. A. M. Hamilton .... 1 00 Mrs. E. P. C l a y ...... i 00 Mrs. J. E. Carson ...... 1 00 Mr. Robert Reed ...... 1 00 John Nelson ...... 1 00 Mrs. E. N e s b it ...... 1 00 Miss Florence Davis .... 1 00 Grace Brlcker ...... 1 0 0 Mr. John McTaggart .... 1 00 Sadie Brown ...... 1 00 Mr. Geo. W . Graham .... 1 00 Miss Anna C. Hague .... 1 00 E. N. Anderson ...... 1 00 Mrs. W . L. Spicer ...... 1 00 Joseph I. Krahn ...... 1 00 Rev. D. C. Littell ...... 1 00 Ella Matthews ...... 1 00 Mr. D. C. McGee ...... 1 00 Mrs. R. I. M c C a ll...... 1 00 Mrs. Jennie B. G a f f 1 00 Albert Taylor ...... 1 00 Mrs. Margaret W . Collins 1 00 Mrs. W . W . W illis 1 00 Mr. John S. French .... 1 00 “ M. R.,” Carrolton, Ohio 1 00 A Friend, New York Pres­ Mrs. Letitia McLain .... 1 00 bytery ...... 1 0 0 Mrs. H. McNeilly ...... 1 00 Yours in Christ, New Luella Baird ...... 1 00 Concord, Ohio ...... 1 00 Mrs. James B r u c e ...... 1 00 Miss Nina Myers ...... 65 James Carson ...... 1 00 Third Church, Washing­ Mrs. Jennie-E. Custer . . . 1 00 ton, Pa...... 50 G. F. McKnight ...... 1 00 Mary Clark ...... 50 Mary A. W alker ...... 1 00 Mrs. C. H. McCormick . . 50 James Latimore ...... 1 00 114,429 17 YOUNG PEOPL !’S SOCIETIES. Avalon, Pa...... $120 00 Romeo, Colo...... 36 00 East Brook, Pa.... 75 00 Richmond, Kansas ...... 25 00 First, Cleveland, Ohio . . 65 00 Harvard Heights, Los An­ Oak Park, Philadelphia geles, Calif...... 2500 Pa...... 50 00 Colorado Springs, Colo. . 25 00 North Allegheny, Pa. . . . 50 00 Adamsville, Pa...... 25 00 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 263

pueblo, Colo...... 25 00 Estate or Miss E. P. Scott, New Sheffield, Pa...... 15 00 deceased ...... 250 00 Washington Heights, N. Y. 12 50 Estate or Mrs. Martha S. First, Monmouth, 111. . . . 11 00 Berry, deceased 25 00 Fifth, Philadelphia, Pa. . 11 00 Estate or Alexander Mc- Hanover, 111...... 1000 Conn, deceased ...... 184 24 Caledonia, Merrimack, Estate or Jane Stewart, W is...... 10 00 d e c e a s e d ...... 400 00 East McKeesport, Pa. . . . 10 00 Estate or John Shaw, East 187th St., New Y ork 10 00 deceased ...... 1,000 00 Reinbeck, la...... 6 25 Estate or Elizabeth Irwin, Lewistown, P a ...... 5 00 d e ce a s e d ...... 95 00 Third, Philadelphia, Pa. . 5 00 Estate of J. C. Watt, de­ Barnet, V t...... 3 00 ceased ...... 100 00 Washington, D. C...... 3 .00 Estate of Lewis Davis, de­ Clinton, Mass...... 2 0 0 ceased ...... 16 67 Mt. Washington, Pitts­ Estate of Sarah Baillie, burgh, Pa...... 1 80 deceased ...... 500 00 New Brighton, Pa...... 1 75 Estate of Margaret L. Allegheny Presbytery .. 109 75 Stewart, deceased .... 200 00 Argyle Presbytery ...... 230 96 Estate of Mary Blanche Beaver Valley Presbytery 1,362 85 Allen, deceased ...... 17 54 Big Spring Presbytery . . 10 00 Estate of Miss Ellen Me- Boston Presbytery ...... 2 00 gaw, deceased ...... 100 00 Brookville Presbytery . . 5 00 Estate of Ebenezer Burt, Caledonia Presbytery . . . 12 00 deceased ...... 828 92 Chartiers Presbytery . . . 505 00 Estate of John Palmer, Cleveland Presbytery . . 55 00 d e c e a s e d ...... 190 00 College Springs Presby­ Estate o f Mary J. Kean, tery ...... 560 50 deceased ...... 71 42 Des Moines Presbytery . 142 54 Estate o f Mrs. Rebecca Detroit ...... 2 00 McBride, deceased ... 498 34 Indiana Northern Pres­ Estate o f Mrs. Mary C. bytery ...... 16 00 Scroggs, deceased .... 700 00 Kansas City Presbytery . 4 00 Estate of Margaret Kiskiminetas Presbytery. 10 00 Douglass, deceased ... 200 00 Los Angeles Presbytery . 9 75 Estate o f Mrs. I. W . Mansfield Presbytery . . . 25 00 Baird, deceased ...... 285 00 Muskingum Presbytery . 125 00 New Jersey Presbytery . 1 50 $13,862 92 New York Presbytery . . 103 00 Ohio First Presbytery . . 3 5 06 ROBERT ARTHINGTON DONATION. Rock Island Presbytery . 10 00 Sidney Presbytery ...... 137 07 O ctober 4, 1911 ...... $728 62 Steubenville Presbytery . 63 29 O ctober 19 ...... 728 25 Vermont Presbytery .... 12 00 April 30, 1912 ...... 729 75 Westmoreland Presbytery 25 50 $2,186 62 $4,213 07 LADIES’ MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. BEQUESTS. Second Allegheny, Pa., Estate o f Mrs. Margaret Y. L. M. S...... $150 00 Robb, deceased, Income $10 00 Seventh, Philadelphia, Pa. 100 00 Estate o f Mrs. Eliza Southfield, Mich...... 96 00 Dunn, deceased ...... 50 00 Seventh, Philadelphia, Estate o f Miss Margaret Pa., Y. L. M. S...... 50 00 Cherry, deceased .... 500 00 First, Baltimore, Md. . . . 38 38 Estate o f Mary H. Young, Rodman St. Mission, Jr., deceased ...... 58 00 Fall River, Mass...... 12 00 Estate o f W m. Yost, de­ Evanston, 111...... 1000 ceased ...... 4,750 00 Corsicana, Texas ...... 6 25 Bequest per Steubenville Barnet, Vermont ...... 5 00 Presbytery ...... 6 00 Second, New Wilmington, Estate o f Jane A. Boyd. Pa...... 5 00 deceased ...... 250 00 Mt. Lebanon, Pa...... 3 00 Estate of Ellen W alker, First, Kansas City, Mo. . 1 00 deceased ...... 287 77 Allegheny Presbytery .. 7 50 Estate of Hannah ' m‘.‘ W il­ Argyle Presbytery 33 50 liamson, deceased, in­ Big Spring Presbytery . . 20 00 come ...... 15 00 Cleveland Presbytery ... 2 50 Estate or Elizabeth E. Illinois Southern Pres­ White, deceased, income 24 00 bytery ...... 45 17 Estate or J. F. Stewart, Indiana Northern Presby­ deceased ...... 1,000 00 tery ...... 15 00 Estate o f John Shortreed, Mercer Presbytery ...... 25 00 deceased ...... 115 00 New York Presbytery .. 5 00 Estate of Mrs. Matilda Steubenville Presbytery . 74 00 Vincent, deceased .... 588 55 Vermont Presbytery .... 5 00 Estate or Miss Marv Lois Hays, deceased .'...... 546 47 $709 30 264 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

SPECIAL FUND FOR NEW MISSION­ Rev. C. C. Adams, Mr. F. ARIES, 1904-1905. S. Hoyman, Miss E. R. Martin, Miss M. Kerr, Centre, Pa., Congregation $750 00 Miss E. M. French, Mrs. Wm, Harvey, Rev. An­ SPECIAL FUND FOR THOS. A. LAM- drew W atson, D. D., BIE, M. D. Mrs. H. C. Campbell, Eighth Church, Pitts­ Mrs. J. B. Hill, Mrs. burgh, Pa...... $12 5 00 N. McClanahan, Rev. Mrs. R. M. Russell ...... 25 00 S. A. W ork, Mrs. John Reinbeck, la., Y. P. C. U. 18 75 Giffen ...... 60 00 Rev. T. R. A ik e n ...... 10 00 $168 75 S. C. Anderson and fam ­ ily ...... 15 00 SPECIAL FUND FOR NEW MISSION­ Mrs. Ann Andersor ...... 5 00 A Reader, Castile, N. Y... 10 00 ARIES, 1910-1911. Mr. and Mrs. D. H. Adell 2 00 A Member o f St. Clair, Mrs. Ruth Junk Campbell $467 00 Mt. Lebanon, Pa., Con­ Mrs. Louisa M. Junk .... 466 00 gregation ...... 5 00 Mrs. Margaret Junk Mc­ A boy who hopes to take Dowell ...... 467 00 up a similar work, Wil- kipsburg, Pa...... 5 00 $1,400 00 A Brother in Christ, Ash­ land, Ohio ...... 10 00 SPECIAL FUND FOR PROF. C. S. A Tither, Mt. Lebanon, Pa. 2 00 BELL. Anonymous, Omaha, Neb. 10 00 Anonymous, Belle Center, St. Clair, Pa., Congrega- Ohio ...... 1 00 tion ...... $451 00 J. W illard Acheson .... 10 00 Bloomington, Ind., Sab­ Anonymous, Columbus, bath School ...... 141 47 Ohio ...... 2 00 Rev. H. J. B e l l ...... 100 00 Anonymous, Jersey City, Mrs. Geo. M. Paden .... 100 00 N. J...... 1 00 Two Friends, Allegheny, Mr. and Mrs. J. G. Ander­ Pa...... 100 00 son ...... 5 00 Aspinwall, Pa., Sabbath M. Emma A dair ...... 10 00 School ...... 100 00 A Member of Hutchinson, D. S. Thompson’s Class, Kans...... 5 00 Eighth, Allegheny, Pa.. 93 75 A. D. Acheson ...... 5 00 Bellevue, Pa., Sabbath Chas. Anderson ...... 5 00 School ...... 50 00 Robt. Acheson ...... 5 00 Knoxville, Tenn., Congre­ Anonymous, Salem, N. Y. 20 00 gation ...... 50 00 Anonymous, Kimbolton, Piqua, Ohio, Y. P. C. U.. 38 45 Ohio ...... 1 00 Misses Anderson ...... 25 00 Mrs. Mary K. Anderson .. 5 00 Mrs. Chas. E. Dinkey . . . 25 00 Anonymous, Pittsburgh, Mrs. Martha S. McCain .. 15 00 Pa...... 15 00 Wheatland, 111., Y. P. Anonymous, Philadelphia, C. U...... 12 50 Pa...... 50 00 Anonymous, Lawrence, $1,302 17 Mass...... 1 00 J. D. Armstrong ...... 5 00 SPECIAL FUND FOR NEW MISSION­ Mr. and Mrs. W . C. Aber 5 00 ARIES, 1911-1912. Mabel Aikin ...... 5 00 A Mother and Daughter, Mr. John P. A ik e n ...... $10 00 Elmira, N. Y ...... 10 00 Mr. John P. Aiken and A. U. P., Indianapolis, four friends ...... 5 00 Ind...... 1 00 “A Poor Shut-in Widow” 5 00 A Member of Second, Anonymous, SpringOeld, Xenia, Ohio ...... 2 00 Ohio ...... 10 00 J. C. Allison ...... 5 00 A True Friend o f the Anonymous, Slippery Cause ...... 5 00 Rock, Pa...... 1 00 Mrs. Lizzie Shannon Artell 1 00 Anonymous, Oskaloosa, Anonymous, Washington, la...... 91 27 la...... 2 00 Anonymous, Homewood Eleanor H. Alexander .. . 2 00 Sta., Pittsburgh, Pa. . 1 00 Anonymous ...... 15 50 Miss Mary W. Arthur .. . 5 00 A Business Man, Phila­ A few young ladies, Leb­ delphia, Pa...... 5 00 anon, Pa...... 3 50 Mrs. Mary A. Anderson . . 5 00 Mrs. J. P. A ik in ...... 5 00 Miss Harriet Andrews .. 1 00 Mrs. M. H. Acheson .... 5 00 Miss Lizzie Archer ...... 10 00 Anonymous, Ingleside, Anonymous, Marissa, 111.. 11 00 Nebr...... 20 00 A Reader and Subscriber Anonymous, Ottawa, Kans. 1 00 to Christian Instruc­ Anonymous, Oak Park, tor ...... 5 00 Philadelphia, Pa...... 2 00 Anonymous, Loveland, James Anderson ...... 5 00 Colo...... 2 00 Mrs. A. W . A r m o u r 2 00 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 265

Anonymous, Andes, N. Y. 2 00 Nettie I. Baird ...... 10 00 Anonymous, Freeport, Mrs. John Beall ...... 1 00 Ohio ...... 2 00 Mrs. Briggs and Mrs. Eli­ Elsie H. Adair ...... 10 00 zabeth McKnight ...... 2 00 \nonymous, Ellwood City, C. D. Bent ...... 25 00 Pa...... 1 00 J. L. Banker ...... 5 00 Albia, Iowa Cong...... 32 25 Florence G. Bell ...... 5 00 Anonymous, Denver, Colo. 50 00 Miss Margaret B. Brow n. 5 00 Anonymous, Collingswood, Mr. and Mrs. J. S. B rit­ N. J...... 1 00 tain ...... 3 00 Anonymous, Washington, John W. Bailey ...... 5 00 Pa...... 1 00 Mr. S. D. B la n e y ...... 10 00 Anonymous, Greeley, Colo. 1 00 Mrs. Lewis Bauersack . 1 00 A. U. P. Reader, Boyce N. R. Borland ...... 10 00 Sta., Pa...... 1 00 Miss Marjorie B o a l ...... 2 50 Anonymous, Seattle, Hattie Bell ...... 1 00 Wash ...... 50 W illiam Britton, Mrs. Adamsvllle, Pa., Congre­ W hite, Mrs. G o o d ____ 20 00 gation ...... 10 00 Ethelwynne Boyd ...... 5 00 Miss Sarah J. Armstrong . 100 00 Miss Mary B r o m le e ...... 5 00 Anonymous, Egypt ...... 5 00 Big Spring, Maryville, Miss Martha Brown, Mrs. Tenn., Congregation . 5 00 J. E. Craig, M. Elizabeth Mrs. H. M. B u l l ...... 10 00 Newcomb, Thomas H. Butler Presbytery Young Newcomb ...... 5 00 People ...... 650 52 James Bothel ...... 1 00 Miss Eloise Crabbe .... 1 00 Wm. Bandeen ...... 2 00 D. W . Cummings ...... 5 00 j. Allen B arr ...... 5 00 W . J. C h e r r y ...... 181 60 Rev. J. G. Brodt ...... 5 00 Dr. and Mrs. W . B. Cald­ Mr.' R. L. Brownlee .... 10 00 w ell ...... 10 00 W. M. Baldridge ...... 2 00 W . N. C o l e ...... 10 00 Miss Lillian Breckenrldge 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. S. W . Camp­ J. W. Brown ...... 150 00 bell ...... 30 00 A. Campbell B ailey ...... 5 00 Margaret W. Collins .... 5 00 Frank G. Bryce ...... 5 00 C. E. S., Second, W ilkins- J. W. Braden ...... 5 00 burg, Pa...... 5 00 Miss Jessie Blyth ...... 1 00 Mr. F. J. C a ld w e ll...... 2 00 Messrs. Bogle B ros...... 605 00 Lillie Calhoun ...... 10 00 Ruth Braham ...... 5 00 Central Omaha, Neb., Dr. Rev. J. u. Brush ...... 2 00 J. M. Aikin’s Class .. . 15 00 Miss Martha L. Berry . . 2 00 Rev. E. E. Campbell .... 50 00 Mrs. Jas. P. B a i l e y ...... 2 00 Mrs. F. I. Cruikshank . . . 1 00 Mrs. D. K. B r y c e ...... 5 00 Jennie Campbell ...... 2 00 Mr. F. G. B o g l e ...... 100 00 Katharine C lark ...... 2 00 Lafayette Baldw in ...... 5 00 Donald G. Cathcart .... 20 00 W. L. B e r b o u t ...... 5 00 Miss Mary A. Campbell . 5 00 J. Selwyn Brittain ...... 2 00 Mrs. Ruth Junk Campbell 100 00 0. S. Blean ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. B. C u r r y ...... 5 00 Mrs. Ellen Burnside .... 5 00 Mrs. J. W . Culbertson . . 20 00 Mr. H. J. Brown ...... 8 00 Miss Fannie A. Cleary .. 15 00 Mrs. D. L. Barackman . . 5 00 D. A. C unningham ...... 10 00 Beginners and Primary W. J. Cherry ...... 5 00 Departments, First, Se- Mr. and Mrs. W . J. Curry 4 00 wickley, Pa...... 5 00 J. P. C a m e ro n ...... 35 00 Dr. and Mrs. J. C. B olce. 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. G. S. Clark 2 00 Oscar Baker ...... 1 00 J. A. C a m p b ell...... 10 00 Rev. J. w. B ic k e t t ...... 1 00 Clintonville, Pa., Congre­ Miss S. Brown ...... 5 00 gation ...... 5 00 John Baw ...... 5 00 Elizabeth and Veda Camp­ J. D. Barr ...... 10 00 bell ...... 3 50 Mary C. Barnes ...... 2 00 E. J. Crombie ...... 2 00 J. W. Baird ...... 7 00 A. J. C a ld e rw o o d ...... 5 00 Miss Stella E. Burns .... 5 00 G. B. Cameron ...... 2 00 Bellevue, Pa., Sabbath Rev. A. E. C u r r y ...... 7 00 Schools ...... 10 00 Robert S. Clark ...... 1 00 Mrs. Chas. R. Berger . .. 4 00 Mrs. M. R. Cunningham . 0 00 Rev. Jas. Y. Boice, D. D. 10 00 C. E. S., Bovina, N. Y. .. 5 00 E. F. Brownlee ...... 5 00 Pearl Craig ...... 2 00 John Brown and Son . . . 5 15 T. J. Cathcart ...... 5 00 Robert Blair ...... 7 00 Clarinda, Iowa, Congre­ Brookings, S. D., Congre­ gation ...... 108 60 gation ...... 25 00 M. Cathcart ...... 2 00 Miss Anna M. Beckwith . 5 00 Wm. Creswell ...... 25 00 Mr. and Mrs. John M. B or­ C. E. S., Big Spring, Tenn. 13 50 land ...... 10 00 H. D. Calhoun ...... 10 00 W. H. Black ...... 10 00 Nannie Carothers ...... 1 00 Bible Class, Sixth, Pitts­ Mrs. S. M. Campbell and burgh, Pa., Mr. Samuel daughter ...... 5 00 Young, Teacher ...... 100 00 M. Evelyn Carothers .... 5 00 Wallace Barnes ...... 5 00 J. R. Carothers ...... 5 00 266 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Miss Ida Carothers ...... 2 00 Mrs. Lillian E w i n g ...... 1 00 Clearfield, la., Congrega­ Rev. Fred Elliott ...... 20 00 tion ...... 10 00 Miss Lena Eells ...... 6 00 Mr. and Mrs. C., Marissa, Mrs. Mary B. Evans .... 5 00 111...... 1 00 D. C. E d g a r ...... 1 00 Mary Harper C la r k ...... 5 00 Chas. M. Erwin’s Class, Mrs. Jean L. Culbertson . 10 00 Beaver Falls, Pa...... 10 00 Myra Z. C a m p b e ll...... 1 00 R. R. Edgar ...... 5 00 Alexander Clegg ...... 5 00 John B. Eichenauer ...... 50 00 Miss Carrie Colthurst .. . 3 00 M. E. E., Kansas City, Mo. 1 00 James Clegg ...... 5 00 Mrs. Mamie Elliott ...... 25 00 C. E. S., Putnam, N. Y. . 56 00 First, Pittsburgh, Pa., D. S. Criswell ...... 1 00 Congregation ...... 10 00 Mrs. J. R. Campbell .... 5 00 Mrs. Clara Farquhar .. . 5 00 Luella Crawford ...... 5 00 Miss A. B. Fraser ...... 10 00 James Carson ...... 100 00 A Friend, Delhi, N. Y. ... 1 00 Helen McClure Cowden . 2 00 Fallston, New Brighton, Coila, N. Y., Congrega­ Pa., Mission Sabbath tion ...... 43 00 School ...... 20 15 Jennie H. Clark ...... 25 00 Miss Anna R. Ferguson . 5 00 Mrs. W m . Copeland .... 5 00 Mr. T. S. F r a z e r ...... 10 00 Mrs. E. W . Chambers . . . 5 00 A Former U. P., St. John, Mr. Clyde Chambers . . . 5 00 Kans...... 10 00 Jas. H: Cochrane ...... 10 00 A Friend, Grove City, Pa.. 1 00 Mrs. E. J. C o r y e ll...... 5 00 Florida, N. Y., Congrega­ Robert Crockett ...... 2 00 tion ...... 10 00 Thos. F. C a m p b e ll...... 5 00 Rev. C. C. French and Miss Jessie H. Crawford. 2 00 family ...... 10 00 Percy L. Craig ...... 100 00 A Friend of Missions, Cherry Run, Pa., Sabbath Cutler, 111...... 5 00 School ...... 16 00 Miss Jennie Finley ...... 5 00 Miss Emma Cross ...... 5 00 A Friend, Petroleum, W. Mrs. Jennie Creogh .... 5 00 Va...... 5 00 Mr. John Donaldson .... 2 00 A Friend, per Rev. W. P. Mark H. Davidson ...... 25 00 M cG a re y ...... 2 00 S. M. Davidson, Pratt A Friend, Pittsburgh, Strieby, S. A. Maley, Pa...... 110 00 Mrs. Hamilton, H. S. A Friend, Wichita, Kans.. 1 00 Hoyman ...... 15 00 A Friend, Kansas City, Miss Mabel D obbin ...... 1 00 Mo...... 5 00 A. M. Doig ...... 1 00 Fulton B ros...... 20 00 Tirzah Duncan ...... 1 00 A Friend, per Rev. C. Mr. A. M. D ic k s o n ...... 50 R. W atson, D. D...... 5 00 Mrs. A. C. Dermond .... 2 00 A Friend, Whittier, Calif. 50 C. J. Diven ...... 5 00 Rev. D. C. F u lt o n ...... 2 00 Mrs. Chas. F. Dickens . . 5 00 A Friend, Harriman, Tenn. 100 00 Dr. S. C. Dice ...... 5 00 Mr. Alexander Fullerton. i 00 Emma J. D a v id so n ...... 5 00 A Friend, Kelso, Tenn. .. o 00 Des Moines Presbytery . 400 00 Mrs. Elizabeth Frazer . . 5 00 Miss Blanche Dagger .. 25 00 A. M. Forsythe ...... 5 00 Press C. Dowler ...... 5 00 A Friend o f Missions, J. W . Davis ...... 5 00 Pasadena, Calif...... 5 00 J. T. Du S h a n e ...... 1 00 A Friend, Pasadena, Clarence Duncan ...... 5 00 Calif...... 5 00 Annie E. Duff ...... 2 00 A Friend, Martin’s Ferry, S. Blanche De France .. . 5 00 Ohio ...... 1 00 Rev. Samuel Dodds, D. D. 10 00 A Friend of Missions . .. 5 00 Mrs. J. E. D itm a rs ...... 5 00 A Friend, per Mr. R. Cun­ Mrs. J. C. D a w s o n ...... 1 00 ningham ...... 300 00 Miss Margaret Duncan .. 1 00 J. W . F „ San Rafael, T. B. Donaldson ...... 5 00 Calif...... 1 00 A. W . Duncan ...... 1 00 A » Friend, Marysville, J. H. D u n c a n ...... 5 00 Ohio ...... 5 00 J. Bruce Davidson ...... 5 00 A Friend, Hickory, Pa. .. 5 00 John De Vinney ...... 5 00 A Friend, Summerfleld, W . P. Dunlap ...... 10 00 Kans...... 1 00 John B. Dodds ...... 1 00 A Friend of Missions, Lis­ Mrs. W m. D r e n n a n ...... 5 00 bon, N. Y ...... 5 00 Miss E. Dorothy Elliott . 5 00 A Friend, Pawnee City, Mrs. Z. M. E n g lis h ...... 1 00 Nebr...... 50 00 Edgerton, Kansas, Con­ A Friend of Washington, gregation ...... 50 00 la...... 1 00 James H. Elder ...... 6 00 A Friend, Hinckley, 111. . 5 00 Mrs. Frank A. Ewing . . . 5 00 G. L. Fraser ...... 5 00 Rev. Jas. H. E l l i o t t ...... 8 00 Miss Alta G. French .... 1 00 Alvin Edminston ...... 2 00 Fourth, Allegheny, Pa., B. W. Ewing ...... 6 00 Sabbath School Class, Miss Dorothy Edgar .... 1 00 No. 15 ...... 5 00 Mrs. Carrie E r w in ...... 5 00 A Friend, Knoxville G. G. Ebner ...... 5 90 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 267

Church, P ittsbu rgh , Marla G e a r y ...... 2 00 Pa...... 5 00 Rev. W. W. Gordon .... 5 00 A Friend, Paxton, 111. . .. 5 00 Rev. Walter Getty ...... 10 00 John French ...... 5 00 A. R. Graham ...... 1 00 A Friend, Sixth, Pitts­ W . J. Graham ...... 10 00 burgh, Pa...... 50 00 Mrs. Clara Gibson ...... 2 00 A Friend in the Sheakley- Mr. and Mrs. T. W . Gor­ ville, Pa., Cong...... 2 00 don ...... 100 00 A Friend, per Rev. A. M. Mrs. E. D. and Mrs. F. J. Lalng ...... 5 00 G r a f f...... 2 00 First, McDonald, Pa., Sab­ Mrs. M. A. Graham, M. bath School Class, No. A. G., Mrs. E. J. Mc­ 12 ...... 4 00 W illiams ...... 3 00 A Friend, Garrattsville, Rev. and Mrs. J. A. Gordon 5 00 N. Y...... 10 00 Mrs. W . F. Graham .... 2 00 Rev. H. N. Freeman .... 10 00 Jennie E. G ilm o re ...... 5 00 Harry A. F u lt o n ...... 2 00 Miss Lou E. George . . . 5 00 A Friend, Viola, Kans. . . 2 00 Mrs. Elizabeth GTove . . . 4 00 Emma Fulton ...... 5 00 Miss Llbbie Griffith .... 5 00 A Friend, W aterstreet, Pa. 50 00 Girls Class, Grove City, A Friend, Monmouth, 111. 25 00 Pa...... 12 00 A Friend, First, Wilkins- Madge M. Gilmore ...... 5 00 burg* Pa...... 5 00 Sarah E. Gilmore ...... 5 00 A Friend ...... 6 00 Robert J. Gilmore ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. I. Faris . 5 00 Mrs. M. C. Good ...... 10 00 Miss Anna Belle Ferrier . 5 00 Geo. R. Galbraith ...... 2 00 A Friend of Missions, Mrs. A. B. Gray ...... 1 25 Pittsburgh, Pa...... 500 00 Rev. W . B. G il l i s ...... 26 25 A Friend of Missions, Ethel B. Gilchrist ...... 5 00 Edgewood Park, Pa. . 50 00 Dalton Galloway ...... 12 00 Dr. W . D. Forsythe’s D. F. Gettys ...... 1 00 Class, New Concord, Miss Sarah G. Gowdy and Ohio ...... 13 00 Mother ...... 4 00 Mrs. W . D. Forsythe’s Mrs. Margaret Graham .. 10 00 Class, New Concord, John Gwyer ...... 5 00 Ohio ...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. F. A. Gant. . 10 00 A Friend, Everett, Wash. 3 00 Myrtle Graham, Jessie Friends o f Missions, Se- Graham, Irvine Gra­ wickley, Pa...... 258 00 ham ...... 7 00 David A. Foster ...... 3 00 Mrs. A. E. Gilleland ____ 5 00 Mrs. Agnes and Mrs. Rev. Bruce J. Glffen .... 5 00 Harvey Farguson .... 2 00 Miss lone C. Giffen .... 25 00 Fourth Allegheny, Pa., Mr. and Mrs. W . F. Cong...... 10 00 Given ...... 5 00 A Friend, Wilkinsburg, Mrs. w. K. G e o r g e ...... 10 00 Pa...... *...... 5 00 Wilson W. Galloway .. . 5 00 A Friend, Topeka, Kans. . 5 00 A. L. Godfrey ...... 1 00 Elizabeth C. Findley .... 10 00 Miss Alice A. Garrett . . . 5 00 A Friend, Pawnee City, G. W. Graham ...... 5 00 Nebr...... 5 00 Rev. and Mrs. J. P. Gibson 2 00 Anna F u lt o n ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. A. F. Hanna 5 00 First, Johnstown, Pa., Miss Nora M. Henry .... 4 00 Jennie McFeater’s Class 2 00 Mrs. Margaret H. Heade. 10 00 A Friend, Cadiz, Ohio . .. 5 00 Mrs. Arthur A. Hays . .. 25 00 First, Seattle, Wash., Rev. w. M. Hughes ____ 1 00 Cong...... 42 50 Elise Hammond ...... 7 00 A Friend of Missions, Se- Mrs. Mary E. Hammond . 1 00 wickley, Pa...... 5 00 Rev H L Hood i 00 Alice M. Ford ...... 5 00 J. M. H a m ilto n ...... 10 00 First, Everett, Wash., Mrs. W . Hamilton ...... 10 00 Sabbath School ...... 61 00 J. C. Heinrich ...... 5 00 Friends o f North Shen- - J. C. Heinrich and friend 11 00 ango Cong., Espyville Marie E. Harper ...... 10 00 . Sta., Pittsburgh, Pa. . 9 00 Hanover, III., Cong...... 50 00 A Friend of Missions, John G. Hall ...... 1 00 Leechburg, Pa...... 1 00 Dr. and Mrs. W . H. Haw­ Jennie Fullerton, Anna E. ley ...... 10 00 Fullerton ...... 2 00 Rev. D. and Mrs. L. R. A Friend, Indianapolis, Harris ...... 5 00 Ind...... 15 00 Mrs. Minnie A. Reese-Hili 5 00 First, East Liverpool, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Ohio, Cong...... 454 50 Hamilton and Mrs. First, Monmouth, III., Emma F. Brown ...... 12 00 Class No. 13 ...... 100 00 O. Henderson ...... 2 00 A Friend of Missions, Mr. W m . H u tt o n ...... 3 00 Stronghurst, 111...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. W . M. Hen­ Judge w. H. Gest 5 00 derson ...... 1 00 Mr. John D. George .... 1 00 Miss Anna M. Hamilton. 2 00 ' riss Etta Gilmore 5 00 Mrs. J. F. Harper ...... 1 00 Miss Elizabeth Gillis .. . 5 00 Mrs. H. W . H a r p e r ...... 1 00 268 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

A. D. and S. E. Hutchi­ Miss Lydie Kirkpatrick . 1 00 son ...... 10 00 Mr. R. W . Knox ...... 5 00 Mrs. Martha J. Huston . 20 00 Mr. and Mrs. H. A. Kilgore 10 00 W m . Hamil ...... 5 00 Miss Mary A. Kerr ...... 5 oo Frank Henderson ...... 5 00 E. Downey Kerr ...... 5 00' Henry Hunt ...... 5 00 Mrs. Knecht ...... 1 00 Harmony Congregation, Kirkwood, 111., Sabbath Hanna City, 111...... 200 00 School ...... 33 00 H. H. Hamilton ...... 1 25 Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Key- Mrs. J. T. H ig b ie ...... 10 00 ser ...... 5 oo John A. Henderson ...... 5 00 Mr. Edw. S. Knight .... 1 00 Dr. L. M. Henry ...... 25 00 Laymen Delegate, Tarkio, Margaret M. Heazlett ... 5 00 Mo...... 1 00 Ella Hammond ...... 5 00 Mrs. S. E. Lipp’s ...... 6 00 Grace L. Humphrey .... 2 00 Claire A. Leigh ...... 5 00 R. A. and Mrs. Henderson 5 00 Nettie Lawrence ...... 3 00 Ira Hood ...... 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. W . L ig­ C. K. Holverstott ...... 5 00 gett and Miss Ida Har­ Mary Hay ...... 5 00 den ...... 3 00 Dr. and Mrs. P. R. Howard 5 00 Miss Elizabeth Lambie . . 1 00 Mrs. M. E. Hissong .... 3 20 Mrs. J. G. L...... 1 00 “ In His Name” ...... 2 00 Miss L. V. Long ...... 3 00 “Irvington, N. Y.” ...... 2 00 Ladies’ Missionary So­ Irwin, Pa., Cong...... 10 00 ciety Fairfield, la. ... 6 00 Mrs. J. S. Irwin ...... 7 00 Mr. and Mrs. W . C. Leon­ Mrs. Elizabeth Innes .... 25 00 ard ...... 15 00 Mrs. E. B. Ifft ...... 2 00 J. S. Lester ...... 15 00 Intermediate C. E. S., Ladies’ Missionary So­ Sparta, 111...... 7 69 ciety, Oxford, Ohio . . 11 00 Individuals, Amity, la. .. 9 50 Miss Anna M. L o n g ...... 1 00 Mr. Samuel Irvine and Mr. and Mrs. J. W . Law­ family ...... 3 00 rence ...... 5 00 Mrs. Helen H. Johnston . . 50 00 Lancaster, Ohio, Sabbath Juniors, Washington, la.. 2 00 School ...... 16 27 Juniors, First, Washing­ Ladies’ Missionary So­ ton, la...... 1 00 ciety, Oak Grove, Pa. . 5 00 J. B. J o h n s to n ...... 50 00 Ladies’ Missionary So­ Mrs. John W . Johnston . 10 00 ciety, Butler, Pa...... 12 00 Rev. C. H. J o h n s o n ...... 2 00 Mrs. W . C. Lawther .... 10 00 Johnstown, Pa., Seventh Living Lake, la. Cong. . 21 62 Ward Mission Sabbath Ladies’ Aid Society, Cen­ School ...... 5 00 tre Hill Mission, At­ Miss Ella Junk ...... 5 00 lanta, Ga...... 3 00 Rev. A. J. Johnson ...... 16 00 Lyndon, Kans., Cong. . . 2 00 Rev. and Mrs. J. Buff Ladies’ Bible Class, Jackson ...... 2 00 Johnstown, Pa...... •. 10 25 Miss Retta Jackson .... 1 00 Anna B. Love ...... 1 00 Mrs. Eleanor Jamieson 2 00 Ladies’ Missionary So­ J. N. J a m ie so n ...... 10 00 ciety, Princeton, Ind.. 11 00 Jas. M. J o n e s ...... 5 00 Ladies’ Aid and Mission­ Rev. H. T. J a c k s o n ...... 5 00 ary Society, Connells- Jessie Jacobs ...... 2 00 ville, Pa...... 40 00 Miss Elsie C. Johnston .. 1 00 Ladies’ Missionary So­ Mrs. T. J. Johnston .... 5 00 ciety, First, Olympia, Mrs. R. J. Johnson ...... 10 00 W ash...... 5 00 Mrs. L. W . Jones ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. H. Learn ...... 1 00 Elsie Kenning ...... 3 00 Rachael De H. Leslie . . . 10 00 F. E. Kirkpatrick ...... 10 00 Ladies’ Missionary So­ Edwin M. Kerr ...... 5 00 ciety, College Springs, John B. Kerr ...... 10 00 Presbytery ...... 20 00 Mrs. F. P. K ilg o r e ...... 10 00 Ladies’ Missionary So­ W. C. Kiemele ...... 25 00 ciety, West Allis, Wis. 5 00 Rev. R. w . Kidd, D. D. . 5 00 Ladies’ Aid Society, Keo­ Alda E. Kirkton ...... 1 00 kuk, la...... 20 00 Glenn I. Kirkton ...... 5 00 Della M. Lorim er ...... 1 00 Eva B. Kirkton ...... 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. A. A. Long 25 00 Mrs. F. V. Kirkton ...... 1 00 Long Beach, Calif. Cong. 10 00 Kirkwood, ill., Sabbath Ladies’ Missionary So­ School, Class No. 9 5 25 ciety, Hanover, 111. .. . 15 00 Keokuk, la., Cong...... -132 00 Samuel Lynn ...... 10 00 J. H. Kyle ...... 5 00 Ladles’ Missionary So­ Mrs. Knox ...... 10 00 ciety, Ireton, la ...... 22 00 Flora M. Kennedy ...... 2 00 Ethel Leighty ...... 5 00 Knoxville, Pa., Sabbath Miss Jennie Lyons ...... 1 00 School, Classes Nos. 6 Mrs. S. M. Leslie ...... 2 00 and 13 ...... 5 00 Ladies’ Missionary So­ Mrs. Keiper ...... 1 00 ciety, Keokuk Presby­ D. P. Kennedy ...... 1 00 tery ...... 19 00 Mr. and Mrs. Jos. Kirkpat­ Mrs. John Lilja ...... 1 50 rick ...... 2 00 Ladies’ Missionary So- Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 269

ciety, Elmwood, Des Missionary Society, Glad­ Moines, Iowa ...... 10 00 den, Pa...... 10 00 Rev. M. M. M a r lin g ...... 5 00 Mansfield Presbytery . .. 5 00 Rev. C. G. M orrow ...... 22 00 Mrs. W m. M. McCul- Mrs. R. E. M u sta r d ...... 5 00 loch and two sons . . . 10 00 Miss Mary J. Maley .... 10 00 Miss Nell M. McNary . . . 5 00 Miss S. Myrtle Megchel- Grace S. McMillen ...... 2 00 sen ...... 10 00 Mina McCleary ...... 1 00 Mrs. S. H. Marmon .... 5 00 Mr. Jas. Z. McLay ...... 25 00 T E. Maxwell ...... 2 00 James H. M cClure ...... 5 00 Hugh R. Morton ...... 5 00 Mrs. John McGeoch and E. E. Morton ...... 5 00 sister ...... 2 00 Miss Agnes E. Murray . . 5 00 Chas. E. McGahan ...... 7 00 Mrs. J. J. M iln e ...... 5 00 Mrs. II. E. McClellan .... 1 00 Members o f Birmingham, Mrs. Margaret Junk Mc­ la...... 8 00 Dowell ...... 100 00 Miss Ollie Morrison .... 2 00 Rev. W . P. McNary, D. D. 10 00 E. C. Morley ...... 10 00 Miss Angie F. McCreight . 1 00 Eva Miller ...... 2 50 Ella G. McLam ...... 10 00 Mary and Lillian Miller . 5 00 Miss Mattie McKelvey .. 5 00 Member o f First Church, Mr. and Mrs. John McCoy 10 00 Baltimore, Md...... 100 00 Miss Nannie Mcllvain .. . 1 00 R. P. Matthews ...... 5 00 Mrs. Jas. P. McKinney .. 50 00 Misses Gertrude and Vin- Mrs. A. E. McLean .... 5 00 nie Millen ...... 5 00 Rev. E. G. M cK ib b en ____ 10 00 L. W. Miller ...... 25 00 S. A. McCrea ...... 1 00 Oeo. I. Maxwell ...... 5 00 Mr. Arthur B. McBride . . 40 00 Merle D. Montgomery .. 5 00 Mrs. A. A. McCollam . . . 3 00 Elizabeth Maxwell ...... 5 00 Mrs. S. R. McArthur . . . 5 00 S. G. Maxwell ...... 5 00 Rev. W. M. McKelvey .. 10 00 €. M. Maxwell ...... 5 00 R. C. McMaster ...... 50 00 Misses Margaret E. and Ralph W. McCreight .. . 1 00 Sara A. Moore ...... 5 00 T. T. McKee ...... 10 00 George 0. Mitchell ...... 1 00 Mrs. Martha McGinniss . . 1 00 W. A. Milligan ...... 1 00 Haller V. McCreight ____ 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. S. Martin 10 00 Blanche McDowell ...... 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. I. C. Meyers 2 00 Mrs. Everett McDill .... 5 00 Missionary Soc., Wyom­ B. B. McLellan ...... 10 00 ing, la...... 8 00 L. McBane ...... 3 00 Miss Eva MacConnell . . . 1 00 Mrs. Robt. M cN e illy ____ 20 00 Mrs. R. I. Miller ...... 2 00 Rev. E. C. M cK o w n ...... 7 00 Members o f First Mc­ Mrs. Mary E. McQuiston . 5 00 Keesport, Pa...... 23 00 Miss L. W . McKnight, Mrs. Eleanor Morrison . 2 00 Mrs. J. C. Gilflllan . .. 2 00 Mrs. J. J. Moore ...... 10 00 Chas. McCormick ...... 5 00 Bell Martin ...... 5 00 J. H. McGregor ...... 2 00 J. Muirhead ...... 12 00 Miss Laura E. McDonald 0 00 J. 0. Matthews ...... 5 00 *D. F. McGill ...... 25 00 Margaret H. Moorhead .. 5 00 W. J. McDowell ...... 5 00 Miss Bertha Miller ...... 5 00 Jas. A. McCleery and Sarah J. Morrison ...... 10 00 family ...... 25 00 John A. Martin ...... 2 00 Mrs. M. E. McCullough . 15 00 Rev. T. H. Melville ____ 15 00 Mrs. Jennie McCutcheon 1 00 Mrs. N. Erskine Martin . 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. S. W . Mc­ T. M. Milholland ...... 10 00 Knight ...... 4 00 Member o f W om en’s Rev. E. C. McCown ... 5 00 Missionary Society, R. Calvin McAteer ...... 5 00 Ninth Ave., Monmouth, Mrs. S. E. McClaren .... 1 00 111. . : ...... 1 00 Mrs. Louise Read Mc­ Members o f Rev. W . R. Lean ...... 5 00 Sawhill’s Cong. Second, Joseph McCready ...... 5 00 Washington, la...... 20 00 Wm. McCready ...... 5 00 Men’s Bible Class, Se- Dr. J. N. McCoy ...... 1 00 wickley, Pa...... 50 00 Rev. w. H. McMaster, Elizabeth Muir ...... 10 00 Ph. D...... 5 00 Mrs. Elizabeth Miller . .. 1 00 Miss Rhoda J. McChesney 2 50 Mrs. Ralph Martin ..... 5 00 W m. J. McCoy ...... 5 00 Kathleen F. A. Morris .. 5 00 Dr. Elizabeth McLaughey Miss A. F. Mickbe ...... 5 00 and sister ...... 6 00 Miss m . Emma Mehard . 5 00 A. T. McCormick ...... 5 00 Nellie Moore ...... 3 00 Rev. Ira G. McCreary .. . 5 00 Rev. G. W . Morrison . . . 5 00 Sadie L. McBane ...... 10 00 S. J. Montgomery ...... 1 00 Hattie and Lena McQuis­ H. K. MacLaury ...... 10 00 ton ...... 25 00 Mrs. Rosa B. Mansfield . 5 00 J. G. and Ella W . McGuire 5 00 Members o f Second, W il- W . J. McLean ...... 10 00 kinsburg, Pa...... 2 00 Mrs. Adaline P. McCune 25 00 Mmden, Nebr., Mothers’ J. A. McClurg ...... 5 00 Class ____ 10 00 W. W. McCallen ...... 5 00 Rev. A. R. Munford . . .! 10 00 270 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Mr. and Mrs. J. W . Mc- Philathan Bible Class, Callen ...... 5 0 0 Tabernacle, Youngs­ Constance and Stewart town, O h i o ...... 1250 McClanahan ...... 5 0 0 Dr. L. B. P e t e r s o n ...... 5 00 May tie McQuiston ...... 5 00 G. Peterson ...... 1 00 Mrs. Martha McCoy .... 5 00 Pinkerton Family ...... 3 00 Carey McCreight ...... 5 00 Mrs. Patterson ...... 1 00 Mrs. Lou McArthur .... 100 Mrs. Laura V. Parker . . 5 00 Miss Mattie McArthur . . 1 00 Primary Dept., Pueblo, Miss Vida V. McArthur . 1 00 Colo...... 5 00 E. P. McVey ...... 10 00 Rev. J. L. Pinkerton . . . 7 00 Mrs. George Mcllvain . . . 1 00 Piney Fork Mission Miss Roberta H. McKira- School, Adena, Ohio .. 5 00 han ...... 3 00 Mrs. Perry Parker ...... 5 00 J. Arthur McMorriss . . . 5 00 W m. S. Phillips ...... 5 00 Nelle McKelvey ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. j. R. Pat­ Mary E. McCoy ...... 1 00 terson ...... 5 0 0 Miss Jane McMillen .... 5 00 Ada B. Philips ...... 5 00 Mrs. G. L. McEachron A. W . Philips ...... 1 00 and Thomas Reid Mc­ M. S. Phillips ...... • 1 00 Eachron ...... 2 0 0 Rix Mills S. S. Class, New Geo. W . McBride ...... 8 00 Concord, Ohio ...... 20 50 Miss Margaret McClana­ Roney’s Point, W. Va., han ...... 10 00 Mrs. Giffen’s S. S. Class 9 00 W. C. McClure ...... 5 00 Miss Grace L. Robertsort: 1 00 Floyd W. McKee ...... 25 00 Mrs. A. I. Robertson’s Mrs. J. R. Nelson ...... 10 00 Sabbath School Class. 10 60 Mr. Chas. M. Neeld ------250 00 H. W. Rexford ...... 5 00 Ninth Ave. Society, Mon­ Rix Mills, Ohio, Miss Ca­ mouth, 111...... 23 00 milla Moorhead’s Class 7 00 Miss Janette Nesbit, Miss Mrs. Eliza H. Richards . . 1 00 Hilda Peterson, Miss Miss Rena Roe ...... 10 00 Ella Nesbit, Dales Mrs. M. A. Richie ...... 15 00 Buchanan, Fred J. Rob- C. L. Reed ...... 5 00 ertson ...... 5 75 G. S. Robertson ...... 2 00 Mrs. E. Nesbit ...... 2 00 Richmond, Kans., Cong.. 28 50 Mrs. W . C. Nichol and Airs. S. H. R e e s ...... 2 00 children ...... 10 00 Ava B. Reed ...... 1 00 Mrs. T. M. Nichol 5 00 Miss Anna J. R o b b 5 00 Mrs. M. T. Nace ...... 2 00 Rev. R. M. Russell, D. D. W . D. Ord ...... 2 50 and family ...... 2500 One who has paid the Samuel Reid ...... 5 0 0 quota, Lawrence, W . J. Randles ...... 50 00 Mass...... 10 00 Miss Ruth Rutherford .. 5 00 One of the Ninety and Miss Lizzie A. B. Rea . . 5 00 Nine, New Castle, Pa. . 15 00 Miles Robinson ...... 5 00 Old Ladies’ Home ...... 1 00 Jennie and Mary Rogers . 2 00 Miss Katharine Ogilvie .. 5 00 Rush Creek, Ohio, Cong. 14 50 Olympic Court Sabbath Mrs. E. B. R e g n ie r l 00 School, Seattle, Wash. 8 00 Wilson Reid ...... 5 00 Oakville Sabbath School, Miss Mary E. Roddy ... 5 00 Shedds, Oregon ...... 9 31 Robt. Rowan ...... 5 0 0 Mrs. L. W . Pan tall ...... 5 00 Mrs. Margaret E. Rankin, Jennie H. P oole ...... 1 00 sister and daughter .. 3 00 Mr. W . L. Patten ...... 10 00 Mrs. Elizabeth Ridge . . . 7 00 Dr. A. W . Pollock ...... 25 00 Mrs. M. C. Reaves ...... 5 00 Mrs. M. E. Prichard . . . 5 00 Miss Mattie Reed ...... 1 00 Mrs. Ada Pringle ...... 5 00 R. M. Russell, Jr...... 10 00 Piper City, 111., Cong. .. 5 00 Mrs. T. S. Rogers ...... 5 00 A. M. Pinkerton ...... 1 00 Mrs. A. I. Robertson . . . 3 00 Mrs. Park ...... 5 00 Jennie Robertson ...... 1 00 Robinson Paul ...... 25 00 Mr. J. B. R a y l ...... 5 00 Mrs. E. R. Pyles ...... 1 00 Mr. Geo. C. Rummel .... 5 00 Peebles, Ohio, Cong. . .. 26 85 Beulah B. R o n e y ...... 10 00 Peebles, Ohio, Sabbath Nettie Robertson ...... 1 00 School ...... 4 00 Mrs. M. A. Ray ...... 5 00 A. W . Pollock ...... 5 00 Rev. D. A. Russell ...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. Jas. G. Pat­ Miss Edna F. Sutton and terson ...... 10 00 Mother ...... 10 00 Eliza II. Pow er ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. Gus Nelson and Mary E. Pratt 10 00 Streif than ...... 2 0 0 J. A. Puntenway ...... 5 00 Second New Wilmington, James P orter ...... 5 00 Pa., Cong...... 3 00 Robert Paul ...... 5 00 Rev. L. H. S im p s o n 2 00 Martha Porter ...... 5 00 Rev. L. H. Simpson, Mrs. Primary Dept., First, Al­ Rose Boon, Miss Eliza­ legheny, Pa...... 5 00 beth McMillen ...... 3 00 Miss Eltle Porter ...... 1 00 Rev. W . R. Sawhlll ____ 5 00 Elizabeth Perlngton .... 1 00 J. A. Simpson ...... 5 00 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Mrs. Martha and Miss Ida j VV. F. Simpson ...... 5 00 Shields ...... 2 00 Mrs. Schultz ...... 2 00 j. stefano ...... 1 50 Mrs. J. A. S m it h ...... 5 00 Mrs. I. N. Stewart ...... 1 00 Shadyside, Pittsburgh, Sparta, 111., Gong...... 25 00 Cong...... 1,105 oa Mrs. A. B. Saltore .... 1 00 Mrs. Ella Thompson .. . 5 00 Dr. Nellie Sloght ...... 1 00 Bella Thompson ...... 2 00 D N. Shaw and friends. . to 00 Mrs. E. J. T h r i f t ...... 5 00 Mr. W . H. Sines ...... 4 00 Mr. and Mrs. Trowbridge, Mr and Mrs. A. L. Smith 10 00 M. A. Cochran, J. H. Charlotte J. Sanford . . . 7 50 W allace, A. H. Mc­ Mrs. Bella Shaw ...... 1 00 Whorter, Rev. and Mrs. Mrs. Fred J. H. Schell . 2 00 H. F. W allace, Miss Mrs. C. H. Strong and Eliza Porter ...... 7 50 daughter ...... 3 00 Miss Elizabeth M. Thomp­ Mrs. Pearl Seibert ...... 9 00 son ...... 1 00 Miss Smith ...... 3 00 Miss Bertha Tinning . . . 5 00 Miss Nellie S m ith ...... 2 00 Mr. and Mrs. W . H. Mrs. J. Nelson Smith .. . 1 00 Thompson ...... 10 00 W. A. Shryock ...... 2 00 Mrs. Mary P. Taylor .... 20 00 Mrs. Cornelia Sterling . . 1 00 Miss M. Anna Taylor . .. 1 00 Southwick, Idaho, Cong.. 19 00 Two Sisters, per Rev. W. Rev. A. J. S e i g l e ...... 3 00 P. Aikin ...... 5 00 Miss Elizabeth Stotts . . 5 00 Two Friends, Washington, Anna M. Shane ...... 5 00 Pa...... 2 00 Eliza L. Scott ...... 1 00 Three Members, McKees­ J. I. Stewart ...... 5 00 port, Pa...... 4 00 Rev. H. B. Speer ...... 1 00 Thank Offering, Buffalo, C. R. Shannon ...... 5 00 N. Y ...... 5 00 Mrs. Mary E. Service . . . 40 00 Two United Presbyter­ Mrs. J. F. Seville ...... 5 00 ians, Homestead, Pa. . 2 00 Second Cong. Monmouth, Tabernacle Congregation, 111...... 5 00 Youngstown, Ohio .. . 66 50 Mrs. Marie E. Shane .... 5 00 Mrs. Anna Telford ...... 1 00 Miss Jeannette Swearinger 2 00 Howard C. Trumbull .... 5 00 Cora E. S tu ch fle ld ...... 5 00 Two Friends, First, Mc­ Jay C. Stauffer ...... 10 00 Keesport, Pa...... 12 00 Mrs. J. E. Springer .... 1 75 Three Sisters, Pittsburgh, Miss Mary B. Shields . . 5 00 Pa...... 15 00 Rev. and Mrs. Hugh Mrs. John P. Tate ...... 5 00 Snodgrass, Miss Ellen Mrs. M. I. Timerson .... 10 00 Brown, Miss Bertha Mr. and Mrs. Herbert M. Powell, Mrs. Dixon, Tate ...... 5 00 Mrs. C. Browne, Mrs. Mr. and Mrs. Edw. Tuggy R. Shremp, W m . Tru- and Children ...... 2 00 ver, Miss Blanche Rev. and Mrs. Louis Tin­ Barge, Mrs. Calhoun, ning ...... 5 00 Miss Lotta Shremp, T. A. Trow bridge ...... 10 00 Conway, Pa., Sabbath Nellie L. Tripp ...... 2 00 School ...... 37 00 Mrs. M. A. T a y l o r ...... 2 00 John Sands ...... 5 00 Walker Templeton ...... 5 00 Steubenville Presbytery . 5 00 Mrs. A. L. Thompson . . . 1 00 Alex. Sheriff ...... 50 00 J. H. Thompson ...... 1 00 Mrs. E. J. Stewart and Miss R. D. Taggart .... 50 00 daughter ...... 4 00 Tarkio, Mo., Cong...... 164 00 Rev. and Mrs. J. L. Shaw 5 00 Third, Seattle, Wash., South Park, Buffalo, N. Cong., from Mr. and Y., Cong...... 50 00 Mrs. Jno. A. Marshall. 25 00 Miss E. R. Stevenson . . . 5 00 United Presbyterions, For­ Sabbath School, Class o f rest Hill, Airlie, Ore. . 5 00 Girls, South Omaha, United Presbyterians, Neba...... 40 Vandergrift, Pa. . . . 1 00 J- H. Schlater ...... 15 00 Mrs. E. Blanche Viets . . 5 00- G. B. Stewart ...... 5 00 D. P. Vanhorn ...... 5 00 Salem, Ind., Cong...... 20 00 R. C. Vance ...... 20 00 Geo. D. Snyder ...... 5 00 B. H. Voris ...... 5 00 H. C. Stewart ...... 5 00 Vernon Cong., Waukesha, Mary H. Skelley ...... 1 00 W is...... 12 00 Seaman, Ohio, Jr., Society 5 00 R. M. W elsh ...... 10 00 Sr; C. E. S., Sparta, 111. . 25 21 Mrs. Catharine W ight . . . 10 00 Oliver Springer ...... 10 00 J. Campbell W hite 25 00 Sewickley, Pa., Cong. . . 5 00 E. B. W ylie ...... 20 00 Sewickley, Pa., Sabbath Jennie P. W a lla c e ...... 1 00 School ...... 52 00 Mrs. Harriet S. W ilson . 1 00 pIrs- Mary K. Stewart .. 2 00 S. P. W illiamson and fam­ C. Sturgeon ...... 10 00 ily ...... 4 00 W. w . Stewart ...... 10 00 Miss M. A. Workman . .. 5 00 W. F. Smith ...... 20 00 Dr. W . J. W ilson, Jr. . . . 5 00 Mrs. M. s., Beaver Falls, Mrs. W . J. W ilson ...... 10 00 Pa...... 1 00 272 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Misses Cora B. and Mary Y. W. M. S., Grove City, A. W hite ...... 10 00 Pa...... 35 00 Jas. W . W hite ...... 5 00 Y. P. C. U., Salem, N. Y 40 00 W. H. Westbrook 5 00 Y. P. C. U., Hamilton, O. 30 00 J. N. W allace ...... 1 00 Y. P. C. U., First, Mon­ Miss E. A. W a lla c e 8 00 mouth, 111...... 2600 Woodlawn, Pa., Mission Sabbath School ...... 10 00 $14,326 35 Sam’l H. Whitely ...... 1 00 Miss Bessie G. W att . . . 10 00 JOHN S. FOWLER EGYPTIAN OR­ John Walker ...... 2 0 0 PHANAGE FUND INCOME. Mrs. J. E. W o o d ...... 1 00 1911. Mrs. Mary W oods ...... 5 00 May 8 $105 00 Mrs. Maggie W o l f 2 00 May 22 90 00 Mel. S. W oods ...... 1 00 May 23 30 00 Miss F. B. W il s o n 1 00 July 17 ...... 45 00 Harry S. Weidenheimer . 1 00 August 4 ...... 35 81 W. G. Wilson ...... 1 00 October 23 ...... 105 00 Rachael W eir ...... 5 0 0 November 13 ...... 90 00 Misses Allie Weckerle and November 21 ...... 30 00 Agnes C. Johnston ... 2 00 Mrs. M. J. W il s o n ...... 5 00 1912. Mrs. A. D. W ilhite ...... 2 00 January 16 ...... 45 00 Edith A. W h e r r y ...... 5 00 January 29 ...... 35 80 Harry White ...... 5 00 April 29 105 00 Mrs. M. J. W arnock .... 10 00 B. J. W right ...... 5 00 $716 61 Louisa Whitehouse .... 1 00 INTEREST. Mrs. J. W . W hite and Mrs. Lena W atson’s S. S. Mortgage Interest Un­ Glasses, Rix Mills, O. . 15 00 designated ...... $1,201 08 Mr. and Mrs. Guy C. Corn Exchange National W iley ...... 9 00 Bank ...... 316 38 Mrs. Martha H. W elch . . 20 00 Fidelity Trust Company . 42 80 Income Riverside Irri­ Mr. and Mrs. J. S. W ood . 10 00 S. M. W right ...... 5 00 gation District Bonds . 30 00 Miss Mary W inter ...... 5 00 West Penn Railroad Gold 3 00 Bonds Income ...... 100 00 Miss E. W . W h it n e y ------Benha, Egypt, Building Mrs. H. C. W illiams ------1 00 Loan ...... M. P. W ilson ...... 1 00 60 00 Mrs. Geo. W . W hitstone . 20 00 Est. Jas. S. Warden, in ­ A. O. W ilson ...... 5 00 come ...... 19 48 Mrs. Mary W arnock . . . 5 00 Miss Fannie W arnock . . . 5 00 $1,769 74 Mrs. J. H. W i l s o n ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. P. W alker ...... 3 00 ANNUITY FUND PRINCIPAL. Mrs. Jas. Young ...... 2 00 Misses Martha E. and Y. P. C. U., New Brighton, Mary Hanna, per Pa...... 21 00 Trustees General As­ Y. P. C. U., Columbus sem bly ...... 5.000 00 City, la...... 41 00 Mrs. Ella M. Maxville .. 700 00 Y. P. C. U., Scotch Ridge, Rev. Nathan H. Brown, Ohio ...... 7 35 D. D...... 1.000 00 J. D. Yarnell ...... 5 0 0 Mr. John Bell ...... 4,000 00 Young people’s Bible Miss Mary J. Brown . . . 64 15 Class, W alton, Kans. . . 5 00 Benha, Egypt, Building . 290 00 Y. L. M. S., First, Mon­ mouth, 111...... 5 0 0 $11,054 15 Y. P. C. U., Second, Washington, la...... 5 00 ARCHIBALD LENDRUM FUND PRIN­ Y. P. C. U., Iowa North­ western Presbytery .. 3 50 CIPAL. Y. P. C. U., Harmony, 1911. 111...... 17 81 July 24. Cash ...... $11 20 Mrs. Sam’l E. Young . . . 45 00 Y. P. C. U., Hampton, Mt. CHARITY PORTER MEMORIAL FUND Lebanon, Pa...... 5 00 PRINCIPAL. Y. P. C. U., Grove City, 1911. Pa...... 6 75 October 16. Estate Char­ Y. P. C. U„ Florida Cong., ity Porter, deceased .. $950 00 Pattersonville, N. Y. . 11 00 Y. P. C. U., Salem, Ind. . 6 00 WOMEN’S BOARD. Y. W. M. S., Slippery 1911. Rock, Pa...... 40 00 May 17 ...... $461 06 Y. P. C. U. Sharon, Pa. . 10 00 June 12 ...... 6,323 59 Y. P. C. U., Hanover, 111. . 2 00 June 13 ...... 199 00 Y. P. C. U., Sewickley, June 17 ...... 280 00 Pa...... 10 00 July 10 ...... 6,599 24 Y. P. C. U., Amity, Cong., July 28 25 57 Gladbrook, la...... 15 00 August 3 ...... 2,935 00 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 273

August 7 ...... 3,965 00 Dr. and Mrs. M. C. Rama- August 23 ...... 72 39 ley ...... 35 00 September 12 8 0 0 Capt. A. R. O’B r ie n ...... 35 00 September 9 6,417 00 Second, Monmouth, 111., September 28 ...... 370 00 Y. P. C. U...... 25 00 October 9 ...... 6,127 00 Miss Eleanor Gilflllan . . 25 00 October 25 339 76 New York Presbytery Y. November 13 ...... 6,282 00 P. S...... 25 00 December 1 1,900 00 First, Boston, Mass., Y. December 11 5,891 20 P. S. C. E...... 20 00 December 16 3,282 19 Seventh, Philadelphia, Pa., 1912. Dorcas Teas Society . 15 00 January 8 ...... 7,505 00 Mr. C. C. McDowell .... 10 00 February 12 ...... 6,757 00 Brookings, S. D., Sab­ February 22 ...... 2,505 00 bath School ...... • 10 00 March 11 ...... 6,615 79 Lowell, Mass., Sabbath April 2 10,000 00 School ...... 7 25 April 8 ...... 7,421 00 Sewickley, Pa., Sabbath April 17 ...... 99 5 00 School ...... 7 10 April 19 ...... 817 92 Illinois Southern Presby­ April 23 8 00 tery Y. P. S...... 6 25 Viola, III., Girls Mission $94,102 71 Band ...... 5 00 Butler Presbytery Mis­ SARGODHA MISSION SCHOOL BUILD­ sion Band, Union Church ...... 5 00 ING'S. Seventh, Philadelphia, Mr. H. J. W a r d ...... $200 00 Pa., Jr. Y. P. S...... 5 00 Mrs. Brunton ...... 1 00 GUJRANWALA HIGH SCHOOL. $2,694 87 Jr. C. E. S., Morgan Hill, Calif...... $12 50 PROPERTY WALTON UNITED PRES­ Rev. E. E. Campbell .... 2 00 BYTERIAN CHURCH, ONTARIO, $14 50 CANADA. September 16 ...... $1,026 55 INDIA THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. Rev. and Mrs. W . A. MISS ELLA O’KYLE’ S SCHOOL, Campbell ...... $ 1 5 00 CAIRO. A Friend, Des Moines, la. 10 00 Mr. R. G. Innes ...... $500 00 $25 00 Mrs. Jennie Mahaffy in Memory of Daughter . 300 00 SUDAN FUND. Dr. S. E. F in d le y ...... 200 00 Sixth Pittsburgh, Pa., Mrs. Samuel E. Young .. 7 50 Men’s Association $2,800 00 A Friend of Missions, $1,007 50 Garrattsville, N. Y. . . . 18 00 NEW SCHOOL, ALEXANDRIA. $2 ,8 18 00 Friends, per Janet M. Lambie, Treas. $25 00 SPECIALS TO EGYPT.iTPT.

Los Angeles Presbytery, o o SUDAN ORPHANAGE. Riverside, Calif. Cong. . 00 Los Angeles Presbytery, Teachers, Knoxville Col­ Beaumont, Calif., Cong. 360 00 lege, Knoxville, Tenn. . $92 50 Bequest, Est. o f Eliza Two Young Ladies, Richards McKeachle, Clarinda, la...... 75 00 deceased ...... 285 00 A Friend of Missions, Los Mr. Alexander Gimilan . 250 00 Angeles, Calif...... 50 00 A Member o f St. Clair, College Springs, la. Cong. 50 00 Pa., Cong...... 250 00 Mt. Ayr., Ia., Sabbath Cleveland Presbytery, School ...... 44 05 South Youngstown, Clarinda, la., Y. P. S. ... 12 00 Ohio, Cong...... 11 8 00 Primary Dept. Canons- Friends, per Rev. J. H. burg, Pa., Sabbath Boyd ...... 100 00 School ...... 10 00 Rev. R. w. W alker ____ 90 27 Mrs. J. G'. Bull ...... 5 00 Miss Ruth A. W ork .... 70 00 Rev. Dr. and Mrs. R. W . $338 55 Kidd ...... 60 00 SPECIAL TO INDIA. Indiana Northern Presby­ tery Y. P. S...... 50 00 A Friend, Carlisle, Ia. . . $500 00 Miss Eva E. Houston . . 50 00 Rev. E. E. Campbell, Un­ Seventh, Philadelphia, Pa., expended Traveling L. M. S...... 40 00 Balance ...... 176 68 ciouth Youngstown, Ohio, Friends, per Miss Lillian U. R. Class ...... 35 00 A. McConnell ...... 100 00 l8 274 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Miss Nannie J. Spencer, Carnahan Creek, Kan­ Unexpended Traveling: sas, Cong...... 18 85 Balance ...... 92 00 Cedarville, Ohio, Cong. . 15 00 Junior Bible Class, Harts- Slippery Rock Boro. Pa., town, Pa...... 84 42 Cong...... 14 07 Mr. L. C. Johnson’s Sab- Clarinda, la., Cong...... 13 58 batb School Class, Salem, N. Y., Y. P. C. U. 13 00 Fourth, Allegheny, Pa.. 75 50 Germantown, Phila., Pa., Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Miller 72 00 Cong...... 12 io Mrs. J. B. Curry’s Bible Mt. Ayr, la., Cong.... 10 55 Class, Eighth, Alle­ Rev. R. G. Campbell, D. D. 10 00 gheny, Pa...... 65 00 San Jose, Calif., Cong. .. 10 00 Miss C. M. W. Foster ... 60 00 Stanwood, la., Cong. ... 9 93 First, West Newton, Pa., Third, Chicago, 111., Cong. 9 08 Sabbath School ...... 50 00 Second, New Wilmington, Kansas City, Mo., Y. P. S. 49 00 Pa., Cong...... 8 0 0 Miss Emm’a Schooley ... 40 00 Homestead, 111., Cong. .. 8 00 Capt. A. R. O’Brien .... 40 00 First, Johnstown, Pa., Mr. T. M. Smith ...... 39 00 Cong...... 7 75 Mrs. S. P. Butler ...... 36 00 Siloam Springs, Ark., Rev. E. E. Campbell 35 00 Cong...... 6 85 Mr. Samuel Torrence and First, Indianapolis, Ind., Mr. T. G. Peacock . . . 35 00 Cong...... 6 85 Mr. A. G. Murray ...... 25 00 . Palo Alto, la., Cong 6 80 Dr. and Mrs. M. C. Ram- Romeo, Colo., Cong. ... 650 aley ...... 25 00 Rock Prairie, Wis., Cong. 6 18 Third, Pittsburgh, Pa., Seventh, Philadelphia, Sabbath School, Christ­ Pa., Cong...... 6 00 mas Offering ...... 2500 North Buffalo, Washing­ Mr. F. G. H o w la n d 25 00 ton, Pa., Cong...... 6 00 Mrs. J. L. Browne ...... 25 00 Garnett, Kans., Cong. . . 5 92 Fowler, Calif. Cong. . . . 25 00 Fair Ave., Columbus, First, Seattle, Wash., Y. Ohio, Cong...... 5 70 P. S. C. E...... 25 00 Salem Cong., Kirklin, Ind. 5 60 Mr. Chas. Nichol ...... 24 00 Crawfordsville, la., Cong. 5 50 Friends, per Rev. W. M. First, Sheraden, Pa., McKelvey ...... 21 00 Cong...... 5 3 4 Monmouth, 111., McKelvey Burgettstown, Pa., Cong. 5 00 Mission Band ...... 20 00 Summerfleld, Kans., Cong. 5 00 Miss Ella M. Gordon, Un­ Red Oak, la., Cong 5 00 expended Traveling W orcester, Mass., Cong. . 5 00 Balance ...... 19 88 Seventh, Pittsburgh, Pa., Ingram, Pa., Men’s Bible Cong...... 5 00 C la s s ...... 18 00 Coila, N. Y., Cong..... 4 63 Mrs. R igg’s Class o f Boys, Mansileld, Ohio, Cong. . . 4 31 Kirkwood, 111...... 15 00 Williamette, Shedds, Ore., Mrs. Ella Gibson Hanna . 10 00 Cong...... 4 00 Prof. W . L. Porter __ 10 00 Stone Valley, Pa. Cong. . 4 00 Mrs. C. M. Berntsen .... 10 00 Second, Pawnee, Neb., Miss Rosa A. McCullough 8 00 Cong...... 3 8 0 Sewickley, Pa., Sabbath Santa Ana, Calif., Cong. . 3 75 School ...... 6 81 Putnam, N. Y., Cong. . . . 3 5 7 Rev. John T. A ik in ...... 5 00 Atlantic Ave., McKeesport, C. C. Hartford’s Class, Pa., Cong...... 3 10 Pittsburg, Kans..... 5 00 Riverside, Calif., Cong. . 3 07 Class o f small boys, Good Edgerton, Kans., Cong. .. 3 06 Hope Mission, Pitts­ Nampa, Idaho, Cong...... 3 00 burgh, Pa...... 5 00 Viola, Kans., Cong.... 3 00 Zenith, Kans., Cong. . . . 3 00 $1,902 29 Scotch Ridge, Ohio, Cong. 2 76 Marlow, Texas, Cong. ... 2 50 SPECIAL OFFERING. Four Mile, 111., Cong. ... 2 10 Rush Creek, Ohio, Cong.. 1 50 November 26, 1911. Sidney, Ohio, Sabbath School ...... 1 50 Harmony Cong., Hanna Minerva, Texas, Cong. .. 1 50 City, 111...... $55 00 Mrs. S. M. Gordon and Eighth, Allegheny, Pa., daughter ...... 100 Sabbath School ...... 54 58 Monroe Cong., Akron, First, Allegheny, Pa., Ohio ...... 1 00 Oxford, Ohio, Cong...... 1 00 Cong...... 42 65 Mr. J. A. C h e r r y ...... 50 Second, Wilkinsburg, Pa., Cong...... 31 35 $605 17 College Springs, la., Cong. 28 55 Sterling, Kans., Cong. . . 27 92 ASSIUT COLLEGE. Rev. Dr. and Mrs. H. F. Mrs. Margaret J. Johnston $100 00 W allace ...... 25 00 Mr. Edw. S. Harkness .. 100 00 First, Los Angeles, Calif. Cong...... 20 32 $200 00 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 275

t i b r a r y endowment fund, as- WOMEN’S BOARD ACCOUNT. SIUT COLLEGE. Los Angeles Presbytery, Mr. Edw. S. Harkness .. $50 00 Santa Ana, Calif., Cong. $375 00 Cedar Rapids Presbytery, INDIA FAMINE ORPHANS F-UND. Traer, la., Cong...... 275 00 Stanwood, la., Sabbath Sewickley, Pa., Sabbath School ...... $26 62 School ...... i 60 Mr. J. V. A n d e r s o n ...... 20 00 Mr. and Mrs. D. C. McGee 20 00 $654 60

$66 62 CHINA FAMINE RELIEF FUND, SPECIALS TO SUDAN. San Diego, Calif., Cong. . $58 25 Mr. William Golloway .. . $500 00 Mr. Joseph A. Kelly .... 50 00 First, Los Angeles, Calif., A Reader of the “United 300 00 Presbyterian” ...... 50 00 Cong...... Subscribers to the “ United “W. C. P.,” Schenectady, ...... 44 50 N. Y...... 100 00 “Presbyterian” Eighth, Pittsburgh, Pa., Laurel Hill, Pa., Cong. . 31 00 Thompsonville, Conn., Cong...... 100 00 Highland Park, Cong., Cong...... 28 00 Los Angeles, Calif. . . . 30 00 Stone Valley Cong., Mc- Sewickley, Pa., Sabbath Alevy’s Fort, Pa...... 26 64 School ...... 7 37 Columbus City, la., Cong. 21 74 A Friend, per Rev. J. D. Seventh, Philadelphia, Pa., Rankin, D. D ...... 5 00 Cong...... 20 00 Mr. O. L. D. Cooke .... 2 00 Amity, la., Cong...... 16 00 Y. P. S., Oak Park, Phila­ $1,044 37 delphia, Pa...... 15 00 O. Y. P. C. U., New Bed­ ford, Pa...... 15 00 JAMES A. ELLIOTT SUDAN BOAT Mr. H. H. Cooke ...... 14 17 FUND. Mr. J. N. Jamison ...... 10 00 Mrs. Rachael De H. Leslie 10 00 North Philadelphia, Pa., Rev. A. G. W allace, D. D „ Sabbath School ...... $25 00 LL. D...... 10 00 Mr. C. J. C r o m b ie ...... 10 00 SEMI-CENTENNIAL FUND. Mr. W m. W r i g h t ...... 10 00 Mrs. M. A. R i c h i e ...... 10 00 Per James W. Grove, Miss Bessie F. Finley . . . 9 50 Treas...... $1,646 16 Rev. C. A. Pollock ...... 8 00 Dr. T. A. L a m b le ...... 40 00 Rix Mills, Ohio Cong. . . 7 00 Miss Lizzie J. McCormack 25 00 Y. P. C. U., Eighth, Pitts­ burgh, Pa...... 5 35 $1,711 16 Mr. John Lelgia and fam ­ ily ...... 5 00 PRESSLY MEMORIAL INSTITUTE Rev. J. W. Ashwood, INCOME. D. D...... 5 00 Mrs. Ellen Hezlep ...... 5 00 Riverside Irrigation Dis­ M. E. and Mary Hanna .. 5 00 trict Bonds ...... $30 00 Miss Mary Erwin ...... 5 00 Two Friends, Sioux MILLION DOLLAR FUND. Falls, S. D...... 5 00 Miss Myra Z. Campbell . . 4 00 Mrs. David R. Gordon . . . $13 00 Junior Society, Swissvale, Mrs. W arren Mayo.... 10 00 Pa...... 3 00 Brookville Presbytery W. “ Mountain Retreat” .... 2 50 M. S...... 2 00 Rev. D. M. C le la n d ...... 2 00 A Friend, Garrattsville, $25 00 N. Y ...... 2 00 Miss Mary B. Philips . .. 2 00 SPECIAL BEQUEST, EST. OF JOSE­ A Friend, New Wilming­ PHINE C. STILES, DECEASED. ton, Pa...... 2 00 Rev. W. H. McMaster .. . 2 00 1911. A Friend, Wilkinsburg, August 25 ...... $778 36 Pa...... 2 00 Miss Florence V. Long . 1 00 Mrs. L. McElroy ...... 1 00 GARNETT PRESBYTERY SPECIAL E. L. D., Pittsburgh, Pa. . 1 00 Applying on 1912-1913. Mrs. J. G. Bull ...... 1 00 Miss Julia F. Hopping . . 1 00 A Friend, Richmond, Mrs. Sebring ...... 1 00 Kans., Cong...... $50 00 A Friend of Missions .. . 1 00 A Friend, Palouse, Wash.. 1 00 NEW MISSIONARIES FUND, 1913- “Yours in Christ,” New 1914. Concord, Ohio ...... 1 00 Mrs. Mary E. Service .. . $40 00 $540 65 276 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

EGYPTIAN TRUST FUND, INCOME. MR. AND MRS. GEORGE S. BRUSH 1911. ENDOWMENT FUND, INCOME. •July 17 ...... $11 25 1911. •October 26 ...... 21 00 October 16 ...... $30 00 November 6 ...... 7 12 December 5 .... 5598 1912. 1912. February 7 ...... 3000 A pril 23 ...... 21 00 •April 25 ...... 13 88 $60 00 $130 23 SARAH A. SAWYER MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. IMATTHEW NICKLE MEMORIAL 1911. FUND INCOME. September 5 ...... $67 50 11911. October 9 ...... 75 00 July 24 ...... $39 00 1912. 1912. March 4 ...... 67 50 February 7 ...... 3900 April 15 ...... 75 00 April 19 ...... 7 50 $78 00 $292 50 MATTHEW NICKLE MEMORIAL FUND IN TRUST INCOME. STERRETT AND AGNES CUMMINS MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. 1911. July 24 ...... $51 00 1911. 1912. July 17 ...... $4 50 February 7 ...... 51 00 November 6 ...... 2 8 5 December 5 ...... 22 95 $102 00 1912. April 25 ...... 22 95 WALLACE KIDD MEMORIAL FUND $53 25 INCOME. 1911. PRESSLY MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. June 7 $30 00 December 9 30 00 1911. August 4 ...... $23 03 $60 00 August 26 82 50 October 10 ...... 20 25 REV. JOHN B. DALES, D. D., SEMI­ December 5 110 25 CENTENNIAL FUND. 1912. 1912. January 8 ...... 23 03 April 30 ...... $250 00 February 12 ...... 8250 April 10 ...... 20 25 MRS. ELIZA J. DALES MEMORIAL April 25 ...... 2 6 09 FUND INCOME. $387 90 1911. August 4 ...... $30 00 CAMPBELL B. HERRON MEMORIAL 1912. January 8 ...... 30 00 FUND INCOME. 1911. $60 00 October 10 ...... $18 00 December 5 ...... 144 00 ARCHIBALD LENDRUM FUND IN- 1912. COME. April 10 ...... 18 00 1911. April 25 ...... 134 04 July 17 ...... $37 71 July 24 ...... 90 00 $314 04 August 4 ...... 60 81 September 5 ...... 70 04 GIBSON TRUST FUND INCOME. September 23 ...... 108 00 October 26 ...... 30 00 1911. December 5 ...... 8 10 July 3 ...... $233 00 1912. October 2 ...... 327 26 January 20 ...... 90 00 1912. January 29 ...... 98 52 January 2 ...... 441 06 February 8 ...... 19 25 April 2 ...... 576 74 February 9 ...... 16 50 March 11 ...... 4 40 $1,578 06 March 18 ...... 33 00 April 15 ...... 12 00 SAMUEL KERR FUND INCOME. April 23 ...... 30 00 April 25 ...... 8 10 1911. April 26 ...... 34 29 June 7 ...... $3 00 April 29 ...... 63 00 July 3 ...... 36 30 July 17 ...... 79 50 $813 72 July 24 ...... 36 00 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 277

August 4 ...... 32 47 1912. September 5 ...... 27 00 February 12 12 00 October 10 ...... 6 75 April 15 . . . 3 00 October 23 ...... 12 90 November 6 5035 December 5 7155 ELIZA CHRISTIE FUND INCOME. December 9 300 1911. JanuaryI012- 8 ...... 68 77 May 6 ...... $22 21 January 20 36 00 July 10 ...... i ...... 6 00 Marcb 4 ...... 27 00 July 17 ...... 30 00 April 10 ...... 6 75 August 4 ...... 6 5 59 April 15 ...... 12 90 October 16 ...... 60 00 April 25 ...... 71 55 December 5 ...... 127 28 1912. ?581 70 January 16 ...... 90 00 January 29 ...... 8 39 JAMES JUNK FUND INCOME. February 7 ...... 6000 April 25 ...... 25 00 1911. June 7 $37 50 $494 47 July 3 ...... 12 00 July 17 ...... 70 50 MARY STERRIT MEMORIAL FUND October 26 ...... 30 00 INCOME. December 9 ...... 3750 1911. 1912. May 6 ...... $14 68 January 8 ...... 49 50 December 5 14 29 April 23 ...... 3 0 00 April 26 ...... 33 00 $28 97 $300 00 JOSEPH AND ELIZA BARR MEMORIAL • FUND. L. AND M. E. A. FUND INCOME. 1911. December 5 $100 40 1911. 1912. July 3 ...... $30 00 1912. April 25 ...... 23 75 January 8 ...... 30 00 $124 15 $60 00 JAMES AND AGNES SANKEY ME­ MORIAL FUND INCOME. ELLA JANE DYSART FUND INCOME. 1911. 1911. August 26 ...... $30 00 July 3 ...... $15 00 1912. 1912. January 31 3 0 00 Jan. 8 ...... 15 00 $60 00 $30 00 ELIZABETH ADAIR CURRIE FUND JAMES S. McNARY FUND INCOME. INCOME. 1911. 1911. July 17 ...... $17 29 July 3 ...... $26 70 September 5 ...... 15 71 July 17 ...... 25 80 September 23 ...... 2700 October 10 ...... 9 00 1912. December 5 ...... 72 00 1912. January 29 ...... 17 29 January 8 ...... 26 70 April 26 ...... 15 71 April 10 ...... 9 00 April 29 ...... 27 00 April 25 ...... 67 02 $120 00 April 26 ...... 25 80 REV. W . W . BARR, D. D., MEMORIAL $262 02 FUND INCOME. 1911. MARY L. PRATT FUND INCOME. September 23 ...... $15 00 1911. 1912. July 17 ...... $9 00 April 29 ...... 15 00 1912. April 26 9 00 $30 00 $18 00 ROBERTSON MEMORIAL FUND IN­ COME. 1911. MRS. JANE E. MACK MEMORIAL July 24 ...... $15 00 FUND INCOME. 1912. 1911. January 20 ...... 15 00 August 26 ...... $11 86 October 23 ...... 3 00 $30 00 278 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

WILSON MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. 1912. April 23 ...... 9 00 1911. August 4 ...... $31 79 $24 00 1912. January 16 ...... 30 00 THOMAS S. AND MARY J. McCLANA- HAN MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. $61 79 1911. ROBERT DWIGHT FOSTER MEMOR­ November 6 ...... $30 00 IAL FUND INCOME. 1911. ROBERT WOOD LYNN MEMORIAL July 10 ...... $30 00 BED. 1912. Mr. Hugh Lynn ...... $50 00 January 16 ...... 30 00 $60 00 ROBERT WOOD LYNN MEMORIAL SCHOLARSHIP. VIRGINIA M. HANEY MEMORIAL Mr. Hugh L y n n ...... $50 00 FUND INCOME. 1911. MISCELLANEOUS FUNDS. September 23 ...... $30 00 Annuity Fund Income, 1912. General ...... $1,460 88 March 18 ...... 12 00 Annuity Fund Income, April 15 18 00 Special ...... 754 00 Fleming H. Revell Co., $60 00 Special, Egypt ...... 72 00 Fleming H. Revell Co., Special, Sudan ...... 1 74 MRS. AGNES A. CLARK, JESSIE AND Mr. J. Fred Ferger, Spec­ MARY CLARK MEMORIAL FUND ial, India ...... 50 00 INCOME. United Presbyterian Board of Publication 1911. Special, India ...... 25 00 October 26 ...... $9 00 November 6 ...... 6 «0 $2,363 62 Annual Report—Receipts. 279

Receipts from 1859 to 1912.

1859 ...... 5 8,574 00 1896 Ordinary Sources$122,938 65 1860 14,332 77 189 6 Trust Funds, etc. 7,882 22 1861 21,274 68 1897 Ordinary Sources 120,520 47 1862 ...... 23,116 32 1897 Trust Funds, etc. 9,000 00 1863 25,888 35 1898 Ordinary Sources 114,330 17 1864 ...... 37,880 37 1898 Trust Funds, etc. 10,415 70 1865 78,109 49 1899 Ordinary Sources 138,982 22 1866 ...... 55,738 10 1899 Trust Funds, etc. 13,052 50 1867 ...... 61,955 10 1900 Ordinary Sources 136,870 76 1868 ...... 71,699 76 1900 Trust Funds, etc. 3 5,365 46 1869 50,624 62 1901 Ordinary sources 162,727 92 1870 ...... 51,866 59 1901 Trust Funds, etc. 46,382 46 1871 47,620 74 1902 Ordinary Sources 148,212 29 1872 ...... 51,694 89 1902 Trust Funds, etc. 38,874 30 1873 ...... 50,640 60 1903 Ordinary Sources 184,515 78 1874 ...... 59,460 98 1903 Trust Funds, etc. 69,289 19 1875 ...... 66,777 76 1904 Ordinary Sources 194,405 18 1876 ...... 60,126 66 1904 Trust Funds, etc. 24,833 42 1877 ...... 74,015 70 1905 Ordinary Sources 176,266 05 1878 47,551 01 1905 Trust Funds, etc. 75,310 28 1879 ...... 51,321 93 1906 Ordinary Sources 184,339 77 1880 ...... 66,958 29 1906 Trust Funds, etc. 78,029 66 1881 65,032 33 1907 Ordinary Sources 178,557 30 1882 77,859 80 1907 Trust Funds, etc. fTR,636 67 1883 ...... 102,839 46 1907 Special Donations 93,000 00 1884 ...... 69,186 22 1908 Ordinary Sources 200,299 58 1885 ...... 71,787 96 1908 Trust Funds, etc. 106,498 02 1886 ...... 86,352 77 1908 Special Donations 12,000 00 1887 ...... 83,943 80 1909 Ordinary Sources 214,258 57 1888 ...... 100,323 11 1909 Trust Funds, etc. 146,938 56 1889 ...... 108,585 13 1909 Special Donations 37,000 00 1890 ...... 100,539 36 1910 Ordinary Sources 203,591 51 1891 105,116 17 1910 Trust Funds, etc. 135,503 77 1892 112,816 02 1910 Special Donations 8,000 00 1893 115,892 87 1911 Ordinary Sources 222,324 89 1894 112,314 54 1911 Trust Funds, etc. 122,862 66 1895 Ordinary Sources 104,905 80 1912 Ordinary Sources 222,343 09 1895 Trust Funds, etc. 14,425 88 1912 Trust Funds, etc. 157,396 76 28o Annual Report—Act of Incorporation.

ACT OF INCORPORATION.

A n A c t to I n c o r p o r a t e t h e B o ar d o f F o r e ig n M i s s i o n s o f t h e U n it e d P resbyterian C h u r c h o f N o r t h A m e r i c a .

W h e r e a s , The General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church of North America has a Board of Foreign Missions composed of ministers and laymen, members of the said church, the design of which is the estab­ lishing and conducting Christian Missions among the unevangelized or pagan nations, and the general diffusion of Christianity, A n d W h e r e a s , The aforesaid Board of Foreign Missions labors under serious disadvantages as to receiving donations and bequests, and as to the management of funds entrusted to them for the purpose designated in their Constitution, and in accordance with the benevolent intentions of those from whom such bequests and donations are received; therefore: S e c t io n i . Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and is hereby enacted by the authority of the same: That James Prestley, John B. Dales, Francis Church, Thomas H. Hanna, Samuel C. Huey, William Getty, Thomas Stinson, and William W. Barr, citizens of the United States and of the Commonwealth of Pennsyl­ vania and their successors, are hereby constituted and declared to be a body politic and corporate, which shall henceforth be known by the name of the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, and as such shall have perpetual succession, and be able to sue and be sued in all the courts of record and elsewhere, and to purchase and receive, take and hold to them and their successors forever, lands, tenements, hereditaments, money, goods, and chattels and all kind of estate which may be devised, bequeathed or given to them, and the .same to sell, alien, demise and convey, also to make and use a common Seal, and the same to alter and renew at their pleasure, and also to make such rules, by-laws and ordinances, as may be needful for the government of the said Corporation, and not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the United States and this State. Provided always, that the clear and annual income of the real and personal estate held by this Corpora­ tion shall not at any time exceed the sum of twenty thousand dollars. The Corporation or persons above named shall hold their offices for three years from the date of this act, and until their successors are duly qualified to take their places who shall be chosen at such times and in such w ay and manner as shall be prescribed by the said General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church of North America. The said Board hereby incor­ porated and their successors shall be subject to the direction of said Gen­ eral Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, have full power to manage the funds and property committed to their care in such a manner as shall be most advantageous, not being contrary to law.

J a m e s R. K e l l y , Speaker of the House of Representatives. D. F l e m i n g , Speaker of the Senate. Approved the Twelfth day of April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six. A. G. C u r t i n , Governor. Outlines for Missionary Sermons and Addresses. 281

OUTLINES FOR MISSIONARY SERMONS AND ADDRESSES.

Note.— In some cases paragraphs or sections of paragraphs on a page are designated by letters, as “a,” “b,” “c,” etc., following the number of the page.

I. Conditions: 1. Of Poverty, 92e, 104d, 106c, 117b, 123fg,124 ab, 146b, 150bc, 159b, 160e, 186b, 236. 2. Of Ignorance, 80b, 82e, 83c, 87b,91 e, 119d,140 b, 163e, 179c, 201b, 235c, 237efgh, 241a. 3. Of Immorality, 238cd. 4. Of General Degradation, 162c, 171bg, 174b, 184a, 238b. 5. Of Spiritual Degradation, 57b, 59c, 64d, 157a, 159b, 170a, 172ae, 223d. 6. Of Fanaticism, 51a, 55c, 56ab, 60b, 61c, 62c, 65b, 72f, 124i, 170a, 173d, 192e. 7. Degradation of Women, 72b, 78c, 79c, 83c, 98f, 178c, 179a. 181d, 184a, 238be. IL Mission Districts: To present the entire work of any single district, look up the page references given under the name of that district in the Topical Index. III. Missionary Methods: An effective address can be given on the various methods used on the foreign field. Look up page references under each method given in the Topical Index. A logical classification of the vari­ ous missionary methods is the following: 1. Evangelistic Work: (1) Congregational. (a) Preaching, 57a, 59a, 60c, 63a, 64a, 66c, 145d, 226de. (b) Sabbath School, 69-75, 151, 152. (c) Christian Endeavor, see Christian Endeavor So­ ciety in Topical Index. (2 ) Harem or Zenana Work, 76-84, 160-163, 176-184. (3 ) Itinerating. (a) By Boat, 61, 66e. 106, 123. (b) In Tents, 169-175, 182-184. 2. Educational Work: (1) Literary. (a) Primary or Village Schools, 86, 87, 88, 90-95, 98-101, 105, 106, 185-187, 228, 229. (b) City, High or Boarding Schools, 86-90, 92de, 95c, 98c, 104, 105, 187-198, 230-232. (c) Special Institutions. Colleges, Seminaries, 96- 98, 101-103. 198-200. (2 ) Industrial, 190-192, 240-242. 282 Outlines for Missionary Sermons and Addresses.

3. Medical Wfork: (1) Hospitals, 113, 114, 119, 120, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205. (2 ) Dispensaries, 119e, 121ef, 201, 202, 204, 205, 235-239. (3 ) Itinerating, 123-125.

4. Book Wbrk: Cl) Preparation of Literature, 175h, 226c. (2 ) Distribution. (a) Book Shops and Beading Rooms, 175. (b) Colporteurs, lllf- 112e, 112h, 178, 180, 181e. (c) Missionary Itinerating, 112fg. IV . Money: 1. The American Church’s Gifts, 30, 31. 2 . The Urgency of the Need, 44, 45. 3. The Grace of Giving in Mission Lands, see all page references to Self-Support. V. Needs: 1. Owing to "Number of Heathen Unreached, 32d, 45b, 58c, 76c, 78b. 87e, Ole, 121d, 123e, 169ad, 171c, 184c, 207e, 236c. 2. Owing to Number of Converts Requiring Care, 67b, 90f, 139c, 147b, 148a, 158, 159a, 162d, 207b, 207c. 3. Owing to Conditions of People, see above under “I. Conditions.” 4. Owing to Lack of Proper Equipment, Buildings, 89f, 92c, 93a. 95cd. 99b, 104d, 105b, 187c, 196k, 197h, 199h, 224d, 227c. 238ghi. V I. Opposition Encountered: See Opposition in Topical Index.

VII . Prayer: 1. Appeals Made for Prayer, see Prayer Asked for, in Topical Index. 2. Efficacy of Prayer, 115b, 167, 196j.

VIII. Successes: 1. Numerical, 52c, 140. 2. Change of Character, 60b, 64d, 66e, 79c, 92e, 98f, 116bc, 119e, 160e, 163e, 164e, 172a, 174b, 184a, 225c. 3. Liberality, see Self-Support in Topical Index. 4. Opening Doors, see Opportunity in Topical Index. Annual Report— Topical Index. 283

TOPICAL INDEX.

Note.— In some cases paragraphs or sections of paragraphs on a page are designated by letters, as “a,” “b,” “c,” etc., following the number of the page. Act of Incorporation, 280. Christian Endeavor Society, 73, 93b, Address—Of Board Officers, 4 ; of 96b, 97b, 152-154, 225. Missionaries, 6, 7, 8. Christian Training Institute, 151e, Administration, 30, 31, 36-41. 153e, 187. Advertising Methods, 25. Colleges, see Assiut College, Cairo Alexandria, 56d, 57, 77e-79a, 90, Girls’ College, Gordon Mission 122. College. “Allegheny,” The, 61, 123. Colporteur, see Book Distribution. Alphabetical List of Missionaries, Commissioners of Women’s Board, 244-249. Visit of, 52a, 23li. America, Past Year in, 24-28. Congregational Life: in Egypt, 57a, Anecdotes, see Illustrations. 58b, 8 Id; in India, 145-151; in Annuities, 14. Sudan, 223d. Appointment of Missionaries, 33, Conferences: Mission Study, 26; 43, 47. Presbyterial, 27, 42fg; Lucknow, Appropriations, see Budget. 51d; Sanabu, 54; Zeitun, 76c, 77c; Assembly, Report of Board to, 15- Assiut, 77a. 41; Committee on Foreign Board, Contents, Table of, 2. 42; Appropriations, see Budget; Contributions, see Finance, Self-Sup­ Report of Women’s Board, 46; port, Treasurer’s Report. Committee on Women’s Board, 48. Coptic Church, 59c. Assiut, 65, 66, 82e-84a, 113. Coptic Congress, 56ab. Assiut College, 66c, 73a, 75, 101, 104. Correspondence with Missionaries, 6- Assiut Hospital, 113, 114 8, 14. Corresponding Secretary, Visit to Beneficence, see Finance, also Self- Egypt and the Sudan, 27i, 52a. Support. Council of Reformed Churches, 42. Benha, 60, 81bc, 94, 12le. Beni-Suef, 64d, 65b, 100. Death of Rev. Musa Ibrahim, 66b, Bequest, Form of, 14. 115c; of Rev. W. J. Brandon, 141; Bbera, Name of this Mission Dis­ of Kanaya, 143. trict is now Sargodha. Debt, 45e, see Treasurer’s Exhibit. Bible, see Book Distribution. Departments of Work: Bible Schools in India, 165-167. See Evangelistic, Educational, Sab­ Bible Societies, see Book Distribu­ bath School, Harem or Women’s tion. Work, Book Distribution, Medical, Bible and Prayer Conferences, see also Congregational. Summer Schools. Districts, see Mission Districts. Board of Foreign Missions; Members 225 227 235 236 240 of, 4, 5 ; Time of Meeting, 4 ; Re­ Doleib Hill, - , , , - 242. port to Assembly, 15-41; Assem­ bly’s Committee on, 42. Educational Work: in Egypt, 85- Book Distribution: in Egypt, 110- 109; in India, 185-200; in Sudan, 112; in India, 175. 228-233. Budget, 44. Egypt—Missionaries’ Addresses, 6, Cairo, 62, 69, 81d-82c, 95. 7 ; Statistics, 9 ; see Statistical; Cairo Girls’ College, or Boarding the Past Year in, 16-19; Visit of School, 96. Corresponding Secretary, 27; Re­ 284 Annual Report— Topical Index.

port of Mission, 51-135; Introduc­ Illustrations for Missionary Ad­ tion, 51-53; Evangelistic Work, dresses, etc.—See also page 281. 54-68; Sabbath Schools, 69-75; EGYPT: Moslem Inquirers, 54b; Harem Work, 76-84; Educational Coptic Awakening, 59c; Imprison­ Work, 85-109; Book Department, ed for Christ, 60b; A Moslem Nico- 110-112; Medical Work, 113-126; demus, 60c; Slanderous Reports Missionaries by Stations, 127, 128; about Missionaries, 61c; A Copt Statistical Summary, 129-135; Converted to Islam, 64d; Persecu­ Books on Egypt, see Inside of tion Forces a Removal, 65b; Ac­ Cover. tive Laymen, 66e; Willing Mos­ “Egypt and the Christian Crusade,” lems, 67c, 68a; A Girl Inquirer, see Inside of Cover. 71f, 72a; Moslem Fanaticism, 72f; Egyptian Sudan: see Sudan. Active Young People, 74b; In Estimates for Year’s Work, 32. an Upper Room for Fear, 79a; Evangelistic Work: in Egypt, 54-68; Influence of the “Holy Book,” 79e; in India, 169-184; in Sudan, 223- Eager Women, 83a; Eagerness for 227. Education, 86, 87; The Grip of Everv-Member Canvass, 26. Superstition, 91e; A Mother’s Pride in a Christian Daughter, 92 Faiyum, 63d, 8 2d, 100, 121. e; An Ambitious Moslem Hus­ “Far North in India,” see Inside of band, 98f; Roster of Assiut Grad­ Cover. uates by Professions, 102f; The Bible in the Government Schools, llle ; The Hospital Serves an Finance—30, 35; Treasurer’s Ex­ American Traveller, 114c, 115ab; hibit, 36-41; Detailed Report, 251- A Useful Life Ended, 115c; Ha- 278; Debt, 45; see Appropriations, beeba and Fatima, 116bc; A Com­ Self-Support. munity Rejoices over the Return Form of Will, 14. of a Missionary, 117b; Longing Fowler Orphanage, 99c. for the Truth, 117b; A Merry Funds, Special, 25a; for “Seven Christmas, 118c; A Heart Changed Men,” 264-272. in the Clinic, 119e; A Bright Boy, 120h; False Reports about the Doctor, 124i. General Assembly, see Assembly. 14 INDIA: A Sacrificing Pastor, General Information, . 146b; A Successful Every-Member Giving, see Contributions. 147 “ God’s Plan for World Redemption,” Canvass, b; The Junior ^laga- see Inside of Cover. zine Starts Things, 149c; Contrib­ uting Time in Lieu of Money, Good Illustrations, see Illustrations. 150 Good Samaritan Hospital, 203. b; A Genuine Thankoffering, 198 155c; How One Church Disciplin­ Gordon Mission College, . 159 145 156 160 165 ed Members, b; A Conscience Gujranwala, d, c, b, d, 160 169 175 176 177 182 189 Accuses, e; The Ravages of the b, c, e, b, d, , 161 190 193 197 Plague, c; Eagerness to be , fg, . 162 197 Christians, a; A Child Shall Gujranwala Boys’ High School, . 163 145 151 153 155 Lead Them, e; Zeal Not Damp­ Gurdaspur, e, d, c, d, 164 157 160 163 165 169 177 ened by Rain, e; Opposition in b, d, g, e, e, c, 170 194abcd. His Own Home, a; Fierce Per­ secution of One Worker, 17If; A Saloon-Keeper Loses Business, Handbook, 31. 172a; The Cunning of Satan, 172c; Harem Work in Egypt, 76-84. The Power of Christ to Uplift, Historical Sketch, 13. 174b; A Hindu’s Faith, 175a; The Hospitals, see Assiut Hospital, Tan- Gospel Makes Slow Progress, ta Hospital, Memorial Hospital, 179a; Heathen Comments on Good Samaritan Hospital, White Christianity, 179c; Proud of His Memorial Hospital, Sargodha Mis­ Six Daughters, 184a; Story of a sion Hospital. Burned Foot, 201b. SUDAN: Eager to Hear, 225c; “ Ibis,” The, 66e, 106. Anything to Get Cured, 235c; Su­ Illustrations, List of, 3. perstitious Healing Devices, Annual Report— Topical Index. 285

237efg; The Paper Itself Would Mission Districts:—EGYPT: see Not Do It, 237h; Fondness for Alexandria, Assiut, Benha, Beni Liquor, 238b; Disease and the Suef, Cairo, Faiyum, Luxor, Mon- Race, 238cd; Shulla Indifference surah, Tanta, Zakazik. INDIA: to Advancement, 241a. see Gujranwala, Gurdaspur, Jhe­ lum, Khangah Dogran, Lyallpur, In Memoriam, 141-144. Pasrur, Pathankot, Rawalpindi, Sangla Hill, Sargodha (formerly Bhera), Sialkot, Zafarwal. SU­ India—Missionaries’ Addresses, 7, DAN : see Doleib Hill, Khartum. 8; Statistics, 10; see Statistical; 19 22 Missionaries: Names and Addresses, The Past Year in, - ; Report 29 30 139 219 6-8; Movements of, , ; New of Mission, - ; Introduc­ 33 47 139 140 141 Appointments, , ; by Stations tion, - ; In Memoriam, - 1911 127 128 208 212 144 145 during , , , - ; ; Work among Christians, - Alphabetical List of, 244-249. 168; Sialkot Convention, 167; Mission Study Classes, 25b. Evangelistic Work, 169-184; Edu- 1 185 200 Mohammedans, Work among: In cational Work, - ; Medical Egypt, 54, 55, 57, 62-65, 67c, 80b, Work, 201-206; Needs, 207; Mis­ 112e; in India, 170, 192. sionaries by Stations, 208-212; 213 219 Mohammedan Conference at Luck­ Statistics, - . now, 5 Id. Industrial Work, in India, 190: in Money, see Self-Support, Treasur­ Sudan, 240-242. er’s Report, Finance. Information, General, 14. Money Values in Egypt, India and Institutions, see College, Hospital, Sud&n, 14. Industrial, Theological. Monsurah, 58, 7'9d, 80ab, 93. Itinerating, see Evangelistic. Moslem, see Mohammedan. Jhelum, 147a, 152f, 170b, 177de. 182e, 192d, 194, 195, 203. Need, 32d, 45b, 58c, 67b, 76c, 78b, 92c, 93a, 95cd, 99b, 105b, 121c, 123e, 139c, 158, 159a, 162d, 169ad, Khangah Dogran, 147b, 153f, 155c, 171c, 187c, 197h, 199h, 207, 224d, 157c, 160f, 170d, 192g. 227c, 238ghi. Khartum, 224, 229, 230, 236-239. New Wilmington Conference, 26. Kitchener, Lord, 16c, 51b. Nile Boats, 61, 66e, 106, 123.

Liberality, see Self-Support, Treas­ Omdurman, see Khartum. urer’s Report. Opportunity, 58b, 79a, 82a, 83a, Literature, Missionary, 31g-32c; see 87e, 95cd, 173b, 185. Inside Pages of Cover for Adver­ Opposition, 17a, 20f, 55c, 60b, 61c, tisement. 65b, 112h, 124i, 139c, 148a, 156e, Lucknow Conference on Mohamme­ 17 If, 173d, 181d, 223. danism, 5 Id. Luxor, 84bc, 105. Outlines for Missionary Sermons Lyallpur, 147c, 152c, 154f, 157d, and Addresses, etc., 281 161b, 164b, 166b, 171b, 178bcd, 182f. Pasrur, 148b, 152d, 153b, 155b, 158c, 161d, 164d, 166c, 183c, 191, 202. Magazines, in Egypt, 57a, 71. Past Year, in Egypt, 16; in India, Map, of Egypt, opposite page 136; 19; in Sudan, 22; in America, 24. of India, opposite page 220. Pathankot, 152g, 156b, 158d, 162b, Medical Work: in Egvpt, 113-126; 171e, 175d, 179bc, 183d, 189, 192h. in India, 201-206; in Sudan, 235- Persecution, see Opposition. 239. Postage Rates, 14. Melas, 163. Prayer Asked for, 68b, 112i, 116c, Memorial Hospital, 201. 118d, 120c, 125c, 158c, 168b, 187d. Message to the Church, 33. Prayer Conference at Sanabu, 54. of Work, see Departments. Presbvterial Conferences, 27, 42fg. Million Dollar Campaign, 26d, 44. Pressiy Memorial Institute, 73a, Mmieh, 64bc, 70a. 104, llSbc. 286 Annual Report— Topical Index.

Prizes Given by Miss Helen Gould, Sudan—Missionaries, 7 ; Statistic* 90g, 101a. 11; The Past Year in, 22-24; Visit Progress, 54, 55, 62bc, 64abc, 65a, of Corresponding Secretary, 27; 66c, 67c, 71. 74, 75b, 94bc, 97b, Report of Mission, 223-242;" Evan­ 103g. 140d, 145d, 160a, 186e, gelistic Work, 223-227; Educa­ 189ab, 226. tional Work, 228-233; Medical Work, 235-239; Industrial Work Rawalpindi, 149b, 151e, 153d, 154d, 240-242; Statistics, 243. 158e, 172bc, 173abc, 176d, 180cd, Summary of All Work, 12; Histori­ 193b, 196. cal, 13. Report of Board to Assembly, 15- Summer Bible Schools in India, 165- 41; of Assembly’s Committee, 42; 167. Budget, 44; of Women’s Board, Summer Schools, at New Wilming­ 46; Assembly’s Committee on ton, 26; at Tarkio, 26. Women’s Board, 48; of Egypt Survey of Year, Past, 16-31; New, Mission, 51-135; of India Mis­ 31-41. sion, 139-219; of Sudan Mission, 223-242; of Treasurer, 250-279. Tables, of Contents, 2 ; of Illustra­ tions, 3. Sabbath School, Literature for, 25c; Tables of Statistics, see Statistical. see Inside of Cover. Tanta, 57, 74d, 79bc, 92, 119. Sabbath School Wbrk: in America, Tanta Hospital, 46g, 119, 120. 25c, 32c; in Egypt, 69-75; in In­ Thanks, 34, 42de, 91b, 188e, 192b. dia, 151. 152. Tarkio Conference, 26. Sangla Hill, 46f, 154b, 158f; 162c, Theological Seminary: Egypt, 96; 164e, 173d, 180f, 183e. India, 200. Sargodha, 149e, 154e, 159a, 162d, Treasurer’s Exhibit, 250-279: De­ 166d, 173e, 181b, 184b, 192e, 204, tailed, 251-279. 205. Turkish-Italian War, 16b, 51a, 93a, Sargodha Mission Hospital, 204, 205. 124i. Schools, see Educational. Self-Support and Contributions, 60c, Watson, Rev. Andrew, 52c. 62c, 65c, 85, 95b, 97a, 99a, 101b, Westermann’s Investigation in Su­ 104c, 106d, 135, 140b, 146, 147a, dan, 22c. 148, 150, 154, 155, 156, 157c, 158f, White Memorial Hospital, 202. 217. Will, Form of, 14. Sermons, see Outlines on page 281. Women’s Board, Report of, 46; As­ Shulla Grammar, 22c. sembly’s Committee on, 48. Sialkot, 150b, 152e, 154c, 159b, 163b, Women, Work for: in Egypt, 76- 166e, 174c, 175e, 176f, 181d, 187- 84; in India, 154-156, 160-163, 189, 193e, 195, 201. 176 184 188 190 201 204 167 - , - , - ; m Su­ Sialkot Convention, . dan, 230-232. Statistical Tables: General, 12, 13, 46; Egypt, 9, 19, 69, 76, 85, 96, 101, 102, 108, 109, 110, 113, 119, Young People’s Societies, 73; see 123, 126, 128, 129-135.; India, 10, Christian Endeavor. 22, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 206, '213-219; Sudan, 11, 24, 223, 228, Zafarwal, 150c, 152h, 155a, 159c, 230, 234, 235, 240, 243. 163e, 165b, 166f, 174d, 181e, 184c, Study Courses on Missions, see In­ 192f. side of Covers for Advertisement. Zakazik, 59, 80c, 93. Successes, see Progress. Zwemer, Rev. S. M., 43h.