Development As a Battlefield
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Tunisia (Tunisian Republic)
CultureGramsTM World Edition 2018 Tunisia (Tunisian Republic) History BACKGROUND Early Civilizations Throughout its history, Tunisia was a crossroads of many Land and Climate civilizations. Tunisia's indigenous inhabitants are known Tunisia covers an area twice as big as Austria or slightly collectively as Berbers, but a more accurate indigenous term larger than the U.S. state of Georgia. Hundreds of miles of for them is Imazighen (Amazigh, singular). Phoenicians sandy beaches line Tunisia's Mediterranean coastline. The founded Carthage in 814 BC. The Romans fought Carthage in Atlas Mountains, which span Morocco and Algeria, extend three Punic Wars, eventually destroying it in 146 BC. into northern Tunisia from the west. The Jebel ech Chambi is Islamic and French Influence Tunisia's highest mountain, at 5,066 feet (1,544 meters). The two major influences shaping modern Tunisian society Tunisia's central region rises to a plateau and then gives way are Islam and the remnants of French colonialism. Islam came to the semidesert terrain of the Sahel. Further south, dry salt with invading Arabs in the seventh century AD. Indigenous lakes and scattered oases border the Sahara Desert. groups gradually adopted the Arabic language and customs, About 18 percent of Tunisia's land is arable, and 15 and Tunisia became a center of Islamic culture. The Turkish percent is used for permanent crops (such as citrus). Olives, Ottoman Empire ruled the area between 1574 and 1881. olive oil, and citrus fruits are major agricultural products. Economic difficulties and French colonial interests led to the Orange orchards are found in the Cap Bon (the northeastern Treaty of Bardo (1881), which made Tunisia a French peninsula). -
Lolita PETRULION TRANSLATION of CULTURE-SPECIFIC ITEMS
VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF THE LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE Lolita PETRULION TRANSLATION OF CULTURE-SPECIFIC ITEMS FROM ENGLISH INTO LITHUANIAN AND RUSSIAN: THE CASE OF JOANNE HARRIS’ GOURMET NOVELS Doctoral Dissertation Humanities, Philology (04 H) Kaunas, 2015 UDK 81'25 Pe-254 This doctoral dissertation was written at Vytautas Magnus University in 2010-2014 Research supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ingrida Egl Žindžiuvien (Vytautas Magnus University, Humanities, Philology 04 H) ISBN 978-609-467-124-1 2 VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETAS LIETUVI KALBOS INSTITUTAS Lolita PETRULION KULTROS ELEMENT VERTIMAS IŠ ANGL LIETUVI IR RUS KALBAS PAGAL JOANNE HARRIS GURMANIŠKUOSIUS ROMANUS Daktaro disertacija, Humanitariniai mokslai, filologija (04 H) Kaunas, 2015 3 Disertacija rengta 2010-2014 metais Vytauto Didžiojo universitete Mokslin vadov: prof. dr. Ingrida Egl Žindžiuvien (Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, humanitariniai mokslai, filologija 04 H) 4 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my research supervisor Prof. Dr. Ingrida Egl Žindžiuvien for her excellent guidance and invaluable advices. I would like to thank her for being patient, tolerant and encouraging. It has been an honour and privilege to be her first PhD student. I would also like to thank the whole staff of Vytautas Magnus University, particularly the Department of English Philology, for both their professionalism and flexibility in providing high-quality PhD studies and managing the relevant procedures. Additional thanks go to the reviewers at the Department, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Irena Ragaišien and Prof. Dr. Habil. Milda Julija Danyt, for their valuable comments which enabled me to recognize the weaknesses in my thesis and make the necessary improvements. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to my home institution, Šiauliai University, especially to the Department of Foreign Languages Studies, who believed in my academic and scholarly qualities and motivated me in so many ways. -
UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SORBONNE T H È S E Alba DELLAVEDOVA L
UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SORBONNE ÉCOLE DOCTORALE 3 Laboratoire de recherche CELLF 19-21 en cotutelle avec Corso di Dottorato in Filosofia e Scienze dell'uomo T H È S E pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SORBONNE Discipline : Littératures française et comparée Présentée et soutenue par : Alba DELLAVEDOVA le : 20 décembre 2017 L'expérience du nouveau entre la construction de soi et la description du monde : le texte comme la rencontre d'exigences littéraires et scientifiques. Le cas d'Isabelle Eberhardt Sous la direction de : Mme Sophie BASCH – Université Paris-Sorbonne M. Andrea PINOTTI – Università degli Studi di Milano Membres du jury : Mme Sophie BASCH – Professeur, Université Paris-Sorbonne M. Andrea PINOTTI – Professeur ordinaire, Università degli Studi di Milano M. Philippe ANTOINE – Professeur, Université Clermont Auvergne M. Filippo FIMIANI – Professeur ordinaire, Università degli Studi di Salerno 2 3 Contro tutto questo voi non dovete fare altro (io credo) che continuare semplicemente a essere voi stessi : il che significa essere continuamente irriconoscibili. Dimenticare subito i grandi successi e continuare imperterriti, ostinati, eternamente contrari, a pretendere, a volere, a identificarvi col diverso ; a scandalizzare ; a bestemmiare. Pierpaolo Pasolini 4 Remerciements Je remercie chaleureusement toutes les personnes qui m'ont aidé pendant la rédaction de ma thèse, et notamment ma directrice Madame le professeur Sophie Basch et mon directeur Monsieur le professeur Andrea Pinotti. Ce travail n'aurait pas été possible sans le soutien de l'Université franco-italienne de Grenoble et Turin, de la Fondazione Primoli de Rome, qui ont financé le projet, et de Madame Françoise qui a revu le manuscrit. -
5 / the Consequences of Legitimacy
5 / THE CONSEQUENCES OF LEGITIMACY Legitimacy is a great social good. Sociological and psychological ac- counts stress its importance to human happiness because most indi- viduals prefer to relate to the powerful in moral rather than in self- interested terms. 1 Citizens strive to engage the state as moral agents, and a state that reciprocates will see its standing enhanced. Likewise, most rulers prefer to be esteemed rather than feared by their citizens: it is inherently desirable and it minimizes the time they spend worrying about their positions. 2 Prussian king Frederick the Great (r. 1740–86) fa- mously lamented to a courtier near the end of his life that he was “tired of ruling slaves.” 3 A legitimate state is less dominating over its citizens because the le- gitimate use of power minimizes the negative consequences of power.4 Whatever else legitimate states do for their citizens, one of the great- est public services they deliver is rightful rule itself. Political science is unique in having entire branch of philosophy attached to it for this reason: achieving rightful rule is a momentous social feat. By impli- cation, low-legitimacy states are failing to deliver an important public service, namely allowing citizens to esteem the rulers that claim their obedience. However, legitimacy’s importance does not end with its inherent value. If that were the case, its central place in the history of politi- cal thought would be inexplicable. Rather, legitimacy has instrumental benefi ts that suffuse many aspects of political life. In the last chapter, we saw how Uganda was transformed after 1986 with the coming to power of the National Resistance Movement. -
Paris, 15 July 2019 Detention of a French Academic in Iran Fariba
Paris, 15 July 2019 Detention of a French academic in Iran Fariba Adelkhah, Director of Research at the Centre of Study of International Relations Centre CERI-SciencesPo Paris, founding member of the European Network of Analysis of Political Societies (REASOPO), has been arrested in Iran, most probably on the 5th of June. Her colleagues only became aware of her arrest on the 25th, when the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the French Embassy in Tehran were also informed. As we express our solidarity with our colleague, we wish to thank and express our gratitude to the French diplomats and political officials involved for their discreet but determined actions. In agreement with them, we remained silent in order not to jeopardise their endeavours and further the « strategy of tension » that was apparently adopted by the authors of Fariba Adelkhah’s arrest, who probably wanted to use her detention as part of the power struggle which sets Tehran against Washington and the mediation efforts which France has initiated between the two parties. This is in any case a hypothesis to consider, because nothing justifies the incarceration of our colleague. Her activities are strictly academic, she has no link whatsoever with any intelligence agency, and she engages in no political activity in Iran. She was arrested either to be used as a bargaining chip or because academic freedom and research have become intolerable for the security operatives in Iran, or at least some of them. Any allegation regarding her involvement in operations of espionnage or regime destabilisation have no credibility whatsoever, and would make anyone familiar with her personal or professional trajectory laugh – were this not about her freedom and her health… The disclosure, on social and traditional media, of the news of her detention leads us to do two things. -
Echogéo, 45 | 2018 Geographic Expressions of Social Change in Iran 2
EchoGéo 45 | 2018 Déclinaisons géographiques du changement social en Iran Geographic expressions of social change in Iran Introduction Amin Moghadam, Mina Saïdi-Sharouz and Serge Weber Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/echogeo/17780 DOI: 10.4000/echogeo.17780 ISSN: 1963-1197 Publisher Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique (CNRS UMR 8586) Electronic reference Amin Moghadam, Mina Saïdi-Sharouz and Serge Weber, “Geographic expressions of social change in Iran”, EchoGéo [Online], 45 | 2018, Online since 05 September 2019, connection on 11 August 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/echogeo/17780 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/echogeo.17780 This text was automatically generated on 11 August 2021. EchoGéo est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND) Geographic expressions of social change in Iran 1 Geographic expressions of social change in Iran Introduction Amin Moghadam, Mina Saïdi-Sharouz and Serge Weber 1 Publishing a thematic issue of a geography journal on Iran in the second half of the 2010s is both a fascinating endeavor and a challenge. Over the past few years, the Islamic Republic of Iran has been the focus of much attention. H. Rohani’s election for President in 2013 brought the moderates back into power after two mandates with conservative M. Ahmadinejad. The reopening of multilateral negotiations on Iran’s infamous nuclear program was interpreted as a thaw in US-Iran relations, leading up to the Geneva agreement in 2015 which arranged for a gradual lift of international economic and diplomatic sanctions against the country. -
Print This Article
ISSN: 2051-0861 Publication details, including guidelines for submissions: https://journals.le.ac.uk/ojs1/index.php/nmes From Dictatorship to “Democracy”: Neoliberal Continuity and Its Crisis in Tunisia Author(s): Mehmet Erman Erol To cite this article: Erol, Mehmet Erman (2020) ―From Dictatorship to ―Democracy‖: Neoliberal Continuity and Its Crisis in Tunisia‖, New Middle Eastern Studies 10 (2), pp. 147- 163. Online Publication Date: 30 December 2020 Disclaimer and Copyright The NMES editors make every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information contained in the journal. However, the Editors and the University of Leicester make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness or suitability for any purpose of the content and disclaim all such representations and warranties whether express or implied to the maximum extent permitted by law. Any views expressed in this publication are the views of the authors and not the views of the Editors or the University of Leicester. Copyright New Middle Eastern Studies, 2020. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from New Middle Eastern Studies, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed, in writing. Terms and Conditions This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. -
Nostalgias in Modern Tunisia Dissertation
Images of the Past: Nostalgias in Modern Tunisia Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By David M. Bond, M.A. Graduate Program in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures The Ohio State University 2017 Dissertation Committee: Sabra J. Webber, Advisor Johanna Sellman Philip Armstrong Copyrighted by David Bond 2017 Abstract The construction of stories about identity, origins, history and community is central in the process of national identity formation: to mould a national identity – a sense of unity with others belonging to the same nation – it is necessary to have an understanding of oneself as located in a temporally extended narrative which can be remembered and recalled. Amid the “memory boom” of recent decades, “memory” is used to cover a variety of social practices, sometimes at the expense of the nuance and texture of history and politics. The result can be an elision of the ways in which memories are constructed through acts of manipulation and the play of power. This dissertation examines practices and practitioners of nostalgia in a particular context, that of Tunisia and the Mediterranean region during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Using a variety of historical and ethnographical sources I show how multifaceted nostalgia was a feature of the colonial situation in Tunisia notably in the period after the First World War. In the postcolonial period I explore continuities with the colonial period and the uses of nostalgia as a means of contestation when other possibilities are limited. -
The Russian Legitimation Formula - 1991-2000
THE RUSSIAN LEGITIMATION FORMULA - 1991-2000 Carolina Vendil The Government Department LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE Thesis submitted for PhD degree Supervisor: Professor Dominic Lieven Advisor: Professor Rodney Barker - 1 - UMI Number: U174000 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U174000 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Ti-f£$£ IP ^6^771 Abstract The Russian legitimation formula contains the arguments the Russian leadership advanced to promote its state-building project between 1991 and 2000. The period of investigation coincides with Yeltsin’s presidency. The focus is on how the legitimation rhetoric was adjusted both to changing circumstances over time and to three main audiences: the Russian domestic population, the Russian domestic elites and the international community. In order to analyse the contents of the legitimation formula a framework was developed which divided the different arguments used by the Russian leadership into six main categories (democratic, national, charismatic, eudaemonic, external and negative arguments). The material selected for analysis had to relate to basic features of statehood. -
Changing a System from Within: Applying the Theory
CHANGING A SYSTEM FROM WITHIN: APPLYING THE THEORY OF COMMUNICATIVE ACTION FOR FUNDAMENTAL POLICY CHANGES IN KUWAIT A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Nasser Almujaibel May 10, 2018 Examining Committee Members: Dr. Nancy Morris, Advisory Chair, MSP / Media and Communication Dr. Brian Creech, Journalism. Media & Communication Dr. Wazhmah Osman, MSP/ Media & Communication Dr. Sean L. Yom, External Member, Political Science ABSTRACT Political legitimacy is a fundamental problem in the modern state. According to Habermas (1973), current legitimation methods are losing the sufficiency needed to support political systems and decisions. In response, Habermas (1987) developed the theory of communicative action as a new method for establishing political legitimacy. The current study applies the communicative action theory to Kuwait’s current political transformation. This study addresses the nature of the foundation of Kuwait, the regional situation, the internal political context, and the current economic challenges. The specific political transformation examined in this study is a national development project known as Vision of 2035 supported by the Amir as the head of the state. The project aims to develop a third of Kuwait’s land and five islands as special economic zones (SEZ). The project requires new legislation that would fundamentally change the political and economic identity of the country. The study applies the communicative action theory in order to achieve a mutual understanding between different groups in Kuwait regarding the project’s features and the legislation required to achieve them. ii DEDICATION ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﻤﯿﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻨﻮم ... اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﺪه iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To my parents, my wife Aminah, and my children Lulwa, Bader, and Zaina: Your smiles made this journey easier every day. -
Lights: the Messa Journal
997 LIGHTS: THE MESSA JOURNAL SPRING 2013 Volume 2, Issue 3 Copyright © 2013 by the Middle Eastern Studies Students’ Association at the University of Chicago. All rights reserved. No part of this publication’s text may be reproduced or utilized in any way or by any means, electronic, mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information stor- age and retrieval system without written permission from the Middle Eastern Studies Students’ Association board or by the permission of the authors in- cluded in this edition. This journal is sponsored in parts by the Center for Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Chicago. Lights: The MESSA Journal Fall 2012 Vol. 2 No. 1 The Middle Eastern Studies Students’ Association’s Subcommittee of Publications at The University of Chicago Spring 2013 Staff Executive board: Mohammad Sagha, Editor-in-Chief Golriz Farshi, Graphic Design and Digital Editor Michael Payne, Financial and Production Editor Tasha Ramos, Submissions Editor Patrick Zemanek, Review Editor Peer reviewers: Carol Fan Golriz Farshi Cooper Klose Amr Tarek Leheta Michael Payne Kara Peruccio Tasha Ramos Jose Revuelta Mohammad Sagha Samee Sulaiman Patrick Thevenow Andrew Ver Steegh Patrick Zemanek Editors: Brian Keenan Emily Mitchell Andrew O’Connor Adam Zeidan Faculty Advisors: Dr. Fred M. Donner and Dr. John E. Woods TheFictitious Demise ofthe Modern Islamic State: AReview Waelof Hallaq’sB. The Impossible State: Islam, Politics, and Modernity’s Moral Predicament, By Sadia Absanuddin.............................................................................12 -
The Arab Uprisings As Crises of Legitimacy
The Arab Uprisings as Crises of Legitimacy Success and Failure of Strategies of Political Rule in Jordan and Algeria Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen vorgelegt von Maria Josua, M.A. aus Schorndorf Tübingen 2014 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 05.12.2014 Dekan: Prof. Dr. rer. soc. Josef Schmid 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Oliver Schlumberger 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Marie Duboc TABLE OF CONTENT List of Tables and Figures v List of Abbreviations vi A Note on the Use of Non-English Sources vii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. The Puzzle 1 1.2. Research Design 5 1.3. Outline of This Study 6 2. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 7 2.1. Strategies of Political Rule in Authoritarian Regimes 7 2.1.1. Concepts of Legitimacy – Including a Twist towards Autocracies 8 2.1.2. Definition and Elements of Legitimacy 13 2.1.3. Crises of Legitimacy 16 2.1.4. The Relationship between Legitimacy and Stability 18 2.1.5. Co-optation: Legitimation with Benefits 21 2.1.6. The Role of Repression 25 2.2. Strategies of Political Rule in the Arab World 26 2.2.1. Literature on Legitimation and Repression in the Arab World 27 2.2.2. Crises of Former Sources of Legitimacy in the Arab World 31 2.2.2.1. Traditional Legitimacy 34 2.2.2.2. Material Legitimacy 36 2.2.2.3. Ideological Legitimacy 37 2.2.2.4. Religious Legitimacy 39 2.3. The Arab Uprisings as a Crisis of Legitimacy 40 2.4.