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Key Exchange with Anonymous Authentication Using DAA-SIGMA Protocol
Key Exchange with Anonymous Authentication using DAA-SIGMA Protocol Jesse Walker and Jiangtao Li Intel Labs {jesse.walker, jiangtao.li}@intel.com Abstract. Anonymous digital signatures such as Direct Anonymous Attestation (DAA) and group signatures have been a fundamental building block for anonymous entity authentication. In this paper, we show how to incorporate DAA schemes into a key exchange protocol between two entities to achieve anonymous authentication and to derive a shared key between them. We propose a modification to the SIGMA key exchange protocol used in the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) standards to support anonymous authentication using DAA. Our key exchange protocol can be also extended to support group signature schemes instead of DAA. We present a secure model for key exchange with anonymous authentication derived from the Canetti-Krawczyk key-exchange security model. We prove that our DAA-SIGMA protocol is secure under our security model. 1 Introduction Anonymous digital signatures such as group signatures [22, 2, 5, 6], Direct Anonymous Attestation (DAA) [7, 8, 23, 24, 14], and anonymous credentials [15–17] play an important role in privacy en- hanced technologies. They allow an entity (e.g., a user, a computer platform, or a hardware device) to create a signature without revealing its identity. Anonymous signatures also enable anonymous entity authentication. The concept of group signature scheme was first introduced by Chaum and van Heyst [22] in 1991. In a group signature scheme, all the group members share a group public key, yet each member has a unique private key. A group signature created by a group member is anonymous to all the entities except a trusted group manager. -
SGX Attestation Process Research Seminar in Cryptograpy
SGX attestation process Research seminar in Cryptograpy Author: Hiie Vill Supervisor: Pille Pullonen Introduction Software Guard Extensions (SGX) is a technology, the main function of which is to establish special protected software containers, also known as enclaves. These enclaves can be used for provisioning sensitive parts of a software executable in order to protect them from malicious entities. In order to verify remotely that an application is running securely within an enclave, a remote attestation must be performed. This report gives an overview of the attestation process, the background related to it and the necessary requirements for remote attestation [1][2]. 1. Software Guard Extensions Software Guard Extensions (SGX) is a technology introduced by Intel in 2015, which provides hardware assisted security for the application layer. In itself, SGX is a set of processor extensions for establishing a protected execution environment, referred to as an enclave, and the software related to it. More specifically, enclaves are protected areas of execution in memory, providing a trusted execution environment, even on a compromised platform. In order to protect an application from malicious entities, the software’s code, data and stack are stored within the enclave and protected by hardware enforced access control policies, making the application inaccessible to any malware on the platform. This means that SGX enables applications to defend themselves, protecting any sensitive data used by the application (for example credentials and cryptographic keys), while retaining its integrity and confidentiality [1][2]. 2. Preliminaries In this section, some terminology will be briefly explained that is used in the remote attestation process in order to familiarize the reader with the background information. -
No.Ntnu:Inspera:2546742.Pdf (10.61Mb)
Krishna Shingala An alternative to the Public Key Krishna Shingala Infrastructure for the Internet of Things Master’s thesis in Communication Technology Supervisor: Danilo Gligoroski, Katina Kralevska, Torstein Heggebø Master’s thesis Master’s June 2019 An alternative to PKI for IoT PKI for to An alternative NTNU Engineering Communication Technology Communication Department of Information Security and Department of Information Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Technology of Information Faculty Norwegian University of Science and Technology of Science University Norwegian An alternative to the Public Key Infras- tructure for the Internet of Things Krishna Shingala Submission date: June 2019 Responsible professor: Danilo Gligoroski, IIK, NTNU Supervisor: Danilo Gligoroski, IIK, NTNU Co-Supervisor: Katina Kralevska, IIK, NTNU Co-Supervisor: Torstein Heggebø, Nordic Semiconductor ASA Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering Title: An alternative to the Public Key Infrastructure for the Internet of Things Student: Krishna Shingala Problem description: Internet of Things(IoT) enables participation of constrained devices on the Internet. Limited resources, bandwidth, and power on the devices have led to new protocols. Some examples of IoT driven and driving protocols are: – MQTT, CoAP that are application protocols for IoT; – 6LoWPAN enables efficient support of IPv6 on low power lossy networks; – CBOR enables concise data formatting; and – DTLS enables secure channel establishment over unreliable transport like the UDP. Security is one of the key factors for the success of IoT. TLS/DTLS secures the channel between the servers and the devices. Confidentiality is an important aspect of such a secure channel. Establishing the identity of an entity another. -
Demystifying Internet of Things Security Successful Iot Device/Edge and Platform Security Deployment — Sunil Cheruvu Anil Kumar Ned Smith David M
Demystifying Internet of Things Security Successful IoT Device/Edge and Platform Security Deployment — Sunil Cheruvu Anil Kumar Ned Smith David M. Wheeler Demystifying Internet of Things Security Successful IoT Device/Edge and Platform Security Deployment Sunil Cheruvu Anil Kumar Ned Smith David M. Wheeler Demystifying Internet of Things Security: Successful IoT Device/Edge and Platform Security Deployment Sunil Cheruvu Anil Kumar Chandler, AZ, USA Chandler, AZ, USA Ned Smith David M. Wheeler Beaverton, OR, USA Gilbert, AZ, USA ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4842-2895-1 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4842-2896-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2896-8 Copyright © 2020 by The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. -
CELESTIAL CHURCH of the COSMOS 1 the Purpose of This Chart Is to Approximate the Celestial Correlation Between the 7 Churches of Asia and the Pleiades in Taurus
CELESTIAL CHURCH OF THE COSMOS 1 The purpose of this chart is to approximate the celestial correlation between the 7 Churches of Asia and the Pleiades in Taurus. The Zodiac or Mazzaroth will be plotted onto the Earth geographically to suggest that the Taurus-Orion constellations in the Heavenlies amazingly reflect the topographical configuration of Greece as Orion and Turkey as Taurus and its locality on Earth. The precise ancient locations to the 7 Churches of Asia correlate as the Hyades of Taurus. Amazingly, the Taurus Mountains thus correspond in relative distance as are the Pleiades in modern day Turkey to the Hyades of Taurus. The constellation Taurus with Pleiades mirrors its opposite geographic position with Pleiades as the 7 Churches adjacent the Taurus Mountains of Turkey. They are distanced apart in a similar pattern from the Taurus Mountains opposite their positions as are the Pleiades from the Head of Taurus. The 7 Churches of Asia from the book of Revelation are geographically in a 'V” shape like the horns of a Bull. This region is called the Hyades and is considered also a pyramid with the Church of Pergamum as the ‘capstone’. This was the ancient ‘Seat or Throne of Satan’. The Witness of the Stars The 12 constellations in the Heavens can be mapped out on Earth as they mirror their positions with key geographic latitudes and longitudes. Symbols and numbers play a significant role in all things spirituality as YHVH is the author of mathematics and design. Each Zodiac symbol has a meaning ascribed to the redemptive work of Christ. -
Downloads BC Cessful, Then L Proceeds with Querying S for Available 8: SU (I) Run REKEYING( (I)) in Next DB SU (I) S ∈C C Tepoch Channels
TrustSAS: A Trustworthy Spectrum Access System for the 3.5 GHz CBRS Band Mohamed Grissa⋆, Attila A. Yavuz‡, and Bechir Hamdaoui⋆ ⋆ Oregon State University, grissam,[email protected] ‡ University of South Florida, [email protected] Abstract—As part of its ongoing efforts to meet the increased PU s. GAA users, on the other hand, operate opportunistically, spectrum demand, the Federal Communications Commission in that they need to query the DBs to learn about which 150 3.5 (FCC) has recently opened up MHz in the GHz band spectrum portions are available—not being used by higher tier for shared wireless broadband use. Access and operations in this PU band, aka Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS), will be ( or PAL) users. Even though both PAL and GAA users managed by a dynamic spectrum access system (SAS) to enable are considered as secondary users, in the remaining parts of seamless spectrum sharing between secondary users (SU s) and this paper, for ease of illustration, SU refers to a GAA user, incumbent users. Despite its benefits, SAS ’s design requirements, since only GAA users need to query DBs to learn spectrum SU as set by FCC, present privacy risks to s, merely because availability; PAL users acquire spectrum access via bidding. SU s are required to share sensitive operational information (e.g., location, identity, spectrum usage) with SAS to be able A. Key SAS Requirements to learn about spectrum availability in their vicinity. In this As stipulated by FCC [1], SAS’s capabilities will exceed paper, we propose TrustSAS , a trustworthy framework for SAS that synergizes state-of-the-art cryptographic techniques those of TVWS [4], allowing a more dynamic, responsive with blockchain technology in an innovative way to address these and generally capable support of a diverse set of operational privacy issues while complying with FCC’s regulatory design scenarios and heterogeneous networks [5]. -
Blockchain-Based Secure Storage Management with Edge Computing for Iot
Article Blockchain-Based Secure Storage Management with Edge Computing for IoT Baraka William Nyamtiga 1, Jose Costa Sapalo Sicato 2, Shailendra Rathore 2, Yunsick Sung 3 and Jong Hyuk Park 2,* 1 Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea 2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea 3 Department of Multimedia Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-2-970-6702 Received: 27 May 2019; Accepted: 21 July 2019; Published: 25 July 2019 Abstract: As a core technology to manage decentralized systems, blockchain is gaining much popularity to deploy such applications as smart grid and healthcare systems. However, its utilization in resource-constrained mobile devices is limited due to high demands of resources and poor scalability with frequent-intensive transactions. Edge computing can be integrated to facilitate mobile devices in offloading their mining tasks to cloud resources. This integration ensures reliable access, distributed computation and untampered storage for scalable and secure transactions. It is imperative therefore that crucial issues of security, scalability and resources management be addressed to achieve successful integration. Studies have been conducted to explore suitable architectural requirements, and some researchers have applied the integration to deploy some specific applications. Despite these efforts, however, issues of anonymity, adaptability and integrity still need to be investigated further to attain a practical, secure decentralized data storage. We based our study on peer-to-peer and blockchain to achieve an Internet of Things (IoT) design supported by edge computing to acquire security and scalability levels needed for the integration. -
Direct Anonymous Attestation in the Wild 10Th January 2019, RWC 2019, San Jose
Direct Anonymous Attestation in the Wild 10th January 2019, RWC 2019, San Jose Matthew Casey, Liqun Chen, Thanassis Giannetsos, Chris Newton, Ralf Sasse, Steve Schneider, Helen Treharne, Jorden Whitefield 1 Outline DAA in Theory • History • Formal Analysis DAA in the Real World • Vehicular use case • Implementation challenges 2 Direct Anonymous Attestation (DAA) • Anonymous Digital Group Signature scheme • Strong but privacy-preserving authentication • ISO/IEC 20008 2013 • Hardware-backed attestation using Trusted Platform Modules (TPM) • Properties of DAA: • User-controlled Anonymity • User-controlled Traceability • Host controls whether signatures can be linked 3 DAA Schemes Valid • TPM 1.2 (RSA-based) [BCC04] measurement • ISO/IEC 20008-2 mechanism 2 ? • TPM 2.0 (pairing-based) [BCL08, BCL09] • ISO/IEC 20008-2 mechanism 4 & ISO/IEC 11889 • Smaller keys & signatures! • Proposed for FIDO 2 ABC • Enhanced Privacy ID (EPID) [BL07, BL11, BL12] • Used by Intel SGX • Improved revocation 4 TPM 2.0 DAA Vulnerabilities • TPM 2.0 API was insecure [ANZ13] • Static Diffie-Hellman oracle present • Fix: updated protocol • Use of BN P256 curve • 128-bit security reduced to 85-bit • Fix: Move to a larger curve • BN P638 already in standards 5 Overview of DAA Platform Host Non-anonymous attestation Issuer Platform or TPM manufacturer Issues credentials TTPM P JOIN M SIGN A no Valid signature nym ous from a certified * Slide inspired from Anja Lehmann att TPM? est atio https://goo.gl/srqeQk n Verifier Data collector, Bank ...? Formal Analysis of ECC-DAA -
Integrating Remote Attestation with Transport Layer Security
Integrating Remote Attestation with Transport Layer Security Thomas Knauth, Michael Steiner, Somnath Chakrabarti, Li Lei, Cedric Xing, Mona Vij Intel Labs [email protected] ABSTRACT end oF the attestation process the enclave has convinced the challenger that it is genuine. Based on Intel® SoFtware Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX) is a the enclave’s attested attributes, the challenger promising technology to securely process inFormation decides whether to trust the enclave or not. in otherwise untrusted environments. An important aspect oF Intel SGX is the ability to perForm remote Previous work has shown that remote attestation and attestation to assess the endpoint’s trustworthiness. secure channel establishment must be integrated to Ultimately, remote attestation will result in an protect against man-in-the-middle attacks [1]. At a attested secure channel to provision secrets to the minimum, the remote attestation protocol should enclave. result in a shared secret that can Function as the basis for a secure channel. The current Intel SGX SDK We seamlessly combine Intel SGX remote attestation provides an instance of this concept: remote with the establishment oF a standard Transport Layer attestation is perFormed using a modiFied Sigma [2] Security (TLS) connection. Remote attestation is protocol. After a successFul protocol instance the perFormed during the connection setup. To achieve attester and challenger share a secret. this, we neither change the TLS protocol, nor do we modiFy existing protocol implementations. However, a shared secret only partially solves the problem of secure communication. Bootstrapping a We have prototype implementations For three widely secure channel based on a shared secret is possible, used open-source TLS libraries – OpenSSL, wolFSSL but ineFFicient since it duplicates work. -
Seeking the Pleiades
Seeking the Pleiades By Irvin Owens Jr., Island City Lodge No. 215 Introduction As a child, I attended a Quaker school. As is typical with Quaker education, we spent a good amount of time learning to respect and understand the impacts that nature would have on us, as well as the impact that we could have on nature. My first experience with the Pleiades was when our science teacher brought an astronomer into our class who began telling us about the constellations. I was mesmerized as he began showing us those ancient twinkling orbs through his telescope. When he got to the Pleiades, I was captivated by the beauty of the six clustered blue stars, as well as the heart-wrenching story of their flight from the lecherous Orion. I failed to understand how things were better for the Pleiades after Zeus turned them into a flock of doves. As I became interested in Masonry and began to study the Entered Apprentice tracing board, I noticed that Jacob's ladder pointed to the Moon surrounded by the Pleiades in many depictions. This is a powerful and beautiful symbol, which is important to understand more deeply in order to truly appreciate the power of the first degree. Mythology Ancient Greece and Rome The Pleiades feature prominently in Greek literature, beginning with Homer’s second book of the Georgics of Hesiod. In this poem, he describes the Pleiades as an aid to understanding when to harvest: “When, Atlas’ birth, the Pleiades arise, Harvest begin, plow when they leave, the skies. Twice twenty days and nights these hide their heads; The year then turning, leave again their beds, And show when first to whet the harvest steel. -
Anonymous Dynamic Spectrum Access and Sharing Mechanisms for the CBRS Band
Received January 30, 2021, accepted February 17, 2021, date of publication February 24, 2021, date of current version March 4, 2021. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3061706 Anonymous Dynamic Spectrum Access and Sharing Mechanisms for the CBRS Band MOHAMED GRISSA 1, (Student Member, IEEE), ATTILA ALTAY YAVUZ 2, (Member, IEEE), BECHIR HAMDAOUI1, (Senior Member, IEEE), AND CHITTIBABU TIRUPATHI1 1Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA 2Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA Corresponding author: Attila Altay Yavuz ([email protected]) This work was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation through NSF awards under Grant CNS-1162296 and Grant CNS-1917627. ABSTRACT The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has released the 3.5 GHz (3550-3700 MHz) band, termed Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS), for shared broadband use between incumbent federal and secondary users through dynamic and opportunistic spectrum access. FCC requires that this band be operated and managed through the use of spectrum access systems (SASs), which are to be deployed specifically for this purpose. The challenge is that SAS requires that secondary users provide some of their private operational data, such as their physical location, identity and spectrum usage, in order for them to acquire spectrum availability information. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving SAS framework, TrustSAS, that synergizes state-of-the-art cryptographic mechanisms with blockchain technology to enable anonymous access to SAS by protecting users' privacy while still complying with FCC's regulatory design requirements and rules. -
Composable Anonymous Credentials from Global Random Oracles
Diss. ETH No. 25512 Composable Anonymous Credentials from Global Random Oracles A thesis submitted to attain the degree of DOCTOR OF SCIENCES of ETH ZURICH (Dr. sc. ETH Zurich) presented by Manu Drijvers Master of Science, Radboud University born 07.02.1991 citizen of the Netherlands accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. Srdjan Capkun,ˇ examiner Dr. Jan Camenisch, co-examiner Prof. Dr. Emiliano De Cristofaro, co-examiner Prof. Dr. Alessandra Scafuro, co-examiner 2018 Abstract Authentication is a key aspect of digital security. However, users must authenticate frequently and are often asked to reveal more information than neccessary in the process. Not only does this hurt the privacy of users, it also negatively impacts security, e.g., by increasing the risk of identity theft. Anonymous credentials allow for privacy-friendly au- thentication, by revealing only minimal information, and by guarantee- ing unlinkability of multiple authentications. The most efficient anony- mous credential schemes today work in the so-called random-oracle model, in which a hash function is idealized as an oracle implementing a random function. In this thesis, we work towards composable anony- mous credentials from random oracles, which means that the security remains in tact if we run an instance of this protocol alongside many other protocols. As authentication is typically just one building block of a larger system, composability is a very important property. First, we investigate the power of global random oracles in the gener- alized universal composability framework. Global random oracles cap- ture the setting in which a single idealized hash function can be used by many different protocols.