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Cartographie Des Habitats Marins Clés De Méditerranée Et Initiation De Réseaux De Surveillance

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Cartographie Des Habitats Marins Clés De Méditerranée Et Initiation De Réseaux De Surveillance Ministère des ressources en eau et de l’environneMent PROJET Algérie : Île de Rachgoun Cartographie des habitats marins clés de Méditerranée et initiation de réseaux de surveillance Financé par : Note : Les appellations employées dans ce document et la présentation des données qui y figurent n’impliquent de la part du PNUE/PAM-CAR/ASP aucune prise de position quant au statut juridique des pays, territoires, villes ou zones, ou de leur autorité, ni quant au tracé de leur frontière ou limites. Les vues exprimées dans ce document d’information technique sont celles de l’auteur et ne représentent pas forcément les vues du PNUE/ PAM-CAR/ASP. © 2016 Programme des Nations Unies pour l’Environnement Plan d’Action pour la Méditerranée Centre d’Activités Régionales pour les Aires Spécialement Protégées (CAR/ASP) Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat B.P.337 - 1080 Tunis Cedex - TUNISIE E-mail : [email protected] Tous les droits de propriété des textes et des contenus de différentes natures de la présente publication appartiennent exclusivement au CAR/ASP. Ce texte et contenus ne peuvent être reproduits, en tout ou en partie, et sous une forme quelconque, sans l’autorisation préalable du CAR/ASP, sauf dans le cas d’une utilisation à des fins éducatives et non lucratives, et à condition de faire mention de la source. Pour des fins bibliographiques, citer le présent volume comme suit : PNUE/PAM-CAR/ASP, 2016. Algérie : Île de Rachgoun. Cartographie des habitats marins clés de Méditerranée et initiation de réseaux de surveillance. Par Ramos Esplá A., Benabdi M., Sghaier Y.R., Forcada Almarcha A., Valle Pérez C. & Ouerghi A. Ed. CAR/ASP - Projet MedKeyHabitats, Tunis : 113 pp + Annexes. Mise en page : Zine el Abidine MAHJOUB - www.zinetoon.com et Yassine Ramzi SGHAIER. Crédit photographique de la couverture : © CAR/ASP, Mouloud Benabdi Ce document a été édité dans le cadre du Projet MedKeyHabitats « Cartographie des habitats marins clés de Méditerranée et promotion de leur conservation par l’établissement d’Aires Spécialement Protégées d’Importance Méditerranéenne (ASPIM) ». En partenariat avec : Le Projet MedKeyHabitats est mis en oeuvre par le CAR/ASP avec le soutien financier de la fondation MAVA. Pour plus d’informations : www.rac-spa.org Algérie : Île de Rachgoun Cartographie des habitats marins clés de Méditerranée et initiation de réseaux de surveillance Etude demandée et financée par : Centre d’Activités Régionales pour les Aires Spécialement Protégées Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat B.P. 337 1080 Tunis Cedex - Tunisia Chargé de l’étude : Atef OUERGHI, Projet MedKeyHabitats, CAR/ASP Yassine Ramzi SGHAIER, Projet MedKeyHabitats, CAR/ASP Raouf Hadj Aissa, Ministère des Ressources en Eau et de l’Environnement, Algérie Coordination Scientifique et Technique de l’étude : Raouf Hadj Aissa - Ministère des Ressources en Eau et de l’Environnement Mouloud Benabdi - Abyss Environmental Services Yassine Ramzi Sghaier - Centre d’Activités Régionales pour les Aires Spécialement Protégées Alfonso A. Ramos Esplá, Carlos Valle Pérez, Aitor Forcada Almarcha - Université d’Alicante Avec la participation de : Souad Boustila (MREE), Nadjim Benidir (Commissariat National du Litoral CNL, PN Gouraia), Mohamed Berka (CNL, RM Habibas), Abdelkader Lalaoui (CNL, RM Habibas) : Stagiaires (Formation) Med Amine Chakouri, Sofiane Haffar, Omar Meliani, Ilyes Youcef, Said Goudjil, Timour Skandri : Volontaires de l’association Ecologique Marine Barbarous Référence de l’étude: Contrat MedKeyhabitats n° 20/2015. SOMMAIRE Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Contexte .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8 1. CADRE GENERAL ET DESCRIPTION DU SITE ...................................................................................................... 11 1.1. Historique .................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2. Localisation ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12 1.3. Milieu physique ....................................................................................................................................................................... 13 1.3.1. Climat .................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 1.3.2. Géologie de l’île ............................................................................................................................................................... 13 1.3.3. Sédimentologie ............................................................................................................................................................... 14 1.3.4. Bathymétrie ......................................................................................................................................................................... 14 1.3.5. Courantologie.................................................................................................................................................................... 15 1.3.6. Qualité du milieu ............................................................................................................................................................. 15 1.4. Caractéristiques paysagères .......................................................................................................................................... 19 1.5. Biodiversité terrestre de l’île ............................................................................................................................................ 20 1.5.1. Les formations végétales ........................................................................................................................................... 20 1.5.2. Les groupements végétaux...................................................................................................................................... 21 1.5.3. La faune de l’ile Rachgoun ....................................................................................................................................... 23 2. MÉTHODOLOGIE DE L’ÉTUDE DE LA PARTIE MARINE .................................................................................. 31 2.1. Planification des stations .................................................................................................................................................. 31 2.2. Cartographie bionomique ................................................................................................................................................ 32 2.3. Bionomie benthique ............................................................................................................................................................. 33 2.4. Caractérisation et balisage de l’herbier à Posidonia ...................................................................................... 34 2.5. Caractérisation et mise en place de la station de suivi du coralligène............................................... 34 3. FORMATION ................................................................................................................................................................................... 39 3.1. Espèces ciblées du littoral ............................................................................................................................................... 39 3.2. Micro-descripteurs de la Posidonia oceanica ..................................................................................................... 39 4. BIOCEONOSES ET CARTHOGRAPHIE DES HABITATS ................................................................................. 41 4.1. Substrat rocheux .................................................................................................................................................................... 41 4.1.1. Biocénose de la roche supralittorale ................................................................................................................. 41 4.1.2. Biocénose de la roche médiolittorale supérieure ...................................................................................... 41 4.1.3. Biocénose de la roche médiolittorale inférieure ......................................................................................... 42 4.1.4. Biocénose des grottes médiolittorales ............................................................................................................. 43 4.1.5. Biocénose des algues infralittorales .................................................................................................................. 43 4.1.5.1. Algues photophiles en mode battu .............................................................................................................. 43 4.1.5.2. Algues sciaphiles en mode battu .................................................................................................................. 44 4.1.5.3. Algues photophiles
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