Screening of Capillaria Philippinensisinfection Using
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A Parasite of Red Grouse (Lagopus Lagopus Scoticus)
THE ECOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF TRICHOSTRONGYLUS TENUIS (NEMATODA), A PARASITE OF RED GROUSE (LAGOPUS LAGOPUS SCOTICUS) A thesis submitted to the University of Leeds in fulfilment for the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By HAROLD WATSON (B.Sc. University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne) Department of Pure and Applied Biology, The University of Leeds FEBRUARY 198* The red grouse, Lagopus lagopus scoticus I ABSTRACT Trichostrongylus tenuis is a nematode that lives in the caeca of wild red grouse. It causes disease in red grouse and can cause fluctuations in grouse pop ulations. The aim of the work described in this thesis was to study aspects of the ecology of the infective-stage larvae of T.tenuis, and also certain aspects of the pathology and immunology of red grouse and chickens infected with this nematode. The survival of the infective-stage larvae of T.tenuis was found to decrease as temperature increased, at temperatures between 0-30 C? and larvae were susceptible to freezing and desiccation. The lipid reserves of the infective-stage larvae declined as temperature increased and this decline was correlated to a decline in infectivity in the domestic chicken. The occurrence of infective-stage larvae on heather tips at caecal dropping sites was monitored on a moor; most larvae were found during the summer months but very few larvae were recovered in the winter. The number of larvae recovered from the heather showed a good correlation with the actual worm burdens recorded in young grouse when related to food intake. Examination of the heather leaflets by scanning electron microscopy showed that each leaflet consists of a leaf roll and the infective-stage larvae of T.tenuis migrate into the humid microenvironment' provided by these leaf rolls. -
Public Health Significance of Intestinal Parasitic Infections*
Articles in the Update series Les articles de la rubrique give a concise, authoritative, Le pointfournissent un bilan and up-to-date survey of concis et fiable de la situa- the present position in the tion actuelle dans les do- Update selectedfields, coveringmany maines consideres, couvrant different aspects of the de nombreux aspects des biomedical sciences and sciences biomedicales et de la , po n t , , public health. Most of santepublique. Laplupartde the articles are written by ces articles auront donc ete acknowledged experts on the redigeis par les specialistes subject. les plus autorises. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 65 (5): 575-588 (1987) © World Health Organization 1987 Public health significance of intestinal parasitic infections* WHO EXPERT COMMITTEE' Intestinal parasitic infections are distributed virtually throughout the world, with high prevalence rates in many regions. Amoebiasis, ascariasis, hookworm infection and trichuriasis are among the ten most common infections in the world. Other parasitic infections such as abdominal angiostrongyliasis, intestinal capil- lariasis, and strongyloidiasis are of local or regional public health concern. The prevention and control of these infections are now more feasible than ever before owing to the discovery of safe and efficacious drugs, the improvement and sim- plification of some diagnostic procedures, and advances in parasite population biology. METHODS OF ASSESSMENT The amount of harm caused by intestinal parasitic infections to the health and welfare of individuals and communities depends on: (a) the parasite species; (b) the intensity and course of the infection; (c) the nature of the interactions between the parasite species and concurrent infections; (d) the nutritional and immunological status of the population; and (e) numerous socioeconomic factors. -
Parasitic Contaminants in Food
SOUTHEAST ASIAN J TROP MED PUBLIC HEALTH PARASITIC CONTAMINANTS IN FOOD Malinee T Anantaphruti Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Abstract. There is a wide variety of food products that may be contaminated with one or more parasites and consequently enabling transmission to human beings. The prevalence of specific parasites in food supplies varies between countries and regions. Sources of food-borne products contaminated with parasites are pigs, cattle, fish, crabs, crayfish, snails, frogs, snakes and aquatic plants. One of the major factors influencing the prevalence of parasitic infections in the population is the habit, and traditional popularity of eating raw or inadequately cooked foods. The parasites that may be acquired by eating these foods are nematodes, trematodes, cestodes and protozoa. The major genera of parasites are Trichinella, Gnathostoma, Angiostrongylus, Anisakis, Paragonimus, Clonorchis, Opisthorchis, Fasciola, Fasciolopsis, Echinostoma, Taenia, Spirometra and Toxoplasma. These food-borne parasitic infections are public health problems worldwide. The contamination of food affects many including humans, livestock industry, agriculture, and food manufacturing and processing. Unsafe foods must be condemned and destroyed. Today there is increasing travel hence there is the risk of humans’ acquiring food-borne parasitic infections through eating native food often raw. Moreover, the consumption of imported livestock and foods, especially from endemic areas of food-borne parasitic zoonoses, can be the cause of infection. Awareness should be heightened wherever and whenever raw or inadequately cooked food are consumed. INTRODUCTION Since these parasitic infections are highly prevalent in the Asian region, this paper places its emphasis on the Food safety is important to enable humans to attain existence of helminths in foods in many Asian a better quality of life. -
Protein-Losing Enteropathy Secondary to Intestinal Capillariasis – a Case Report from Singapore Sim Jean¹, Sim HC James², Chien MF Jaime¹
Protein-losing Enteropathy secondary to Intestinal Capillariasis – a case report from Singapore Sim Jean¹, Sim HC James², Chien MF Jaime¹ ¹Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital. ²Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital Email address: [email protected] Background Magnetic resonance imaging enterography revealed distal jejunal and Intestinal infection due to Capillaria philipinensis causes chronic proximal ileal mural thickening (see below). Random biopsies of diarrhea and malabsorption with cases reported mainly from jejunum showed Philippines and Thailand. Untreated disease has devastating distortion of small consequences and carries a substantial mortality. bowel architecture with active chronic enteritis, We present the first reported case of intestinal capillariasis in significant eosinophilia Singapore. and parasitic organisms Results (see left). A 32 year old male foreign worker, with no significant medical In view of the above, a search for strongyloides hyperinfection history, presented with bilateral lower limb swelling and 18 was performed. Serology for strongyloides and HTLV-I/II and months of watery, non-bloody, non-mucoid diarrhea associated He underwent esophagoduodenoscopy and colonoscopy that were strongyloides PCR performed on the biopsy tissue were negative. with weight loss of 17kg. He did not have fever, chills, facial macroscopically normal. Double balloon enterography revealed Slides were reviewed in conjunction with the histopathologist. In swelling, frothy urine, joint pains or rash. He was not on long term moderate to severe enteritidis from mid-jejunum to ileum with friable view of his epidemiological exposure, histological appearance of medications. He originated from northern Philippines, Ilocos Sur mucosa (see below). the parasite and negative strongyloides tests, we found the province and relocated to Singapore in 2011 working as an aircraft diagnosis consistent with intestinal capillariasis. -
Clinical Appendix for Parasitic Diseases Seventh Edition
Clincal Appendix for the Seventh Edition Parasitic Diseases Despommier Griffin Gwadz Hotez Knirsch Parasites Without Borders, Inc. NY Dickson D. Despommier, Daniel O. Griffin, Robert W. Gwadz, Peter J. Hotez, Charles A. Knirsch Clinical Appendix for Parasitic Diseases Seventh Edition see full text of Parasitic Diseases Seventh Edition for references Parasites Without Borders, Inc. NY The organization and numbering of the sections of the clinical appendix is based on the full text of the seventh edition of Parasitic Diseases. Dickson D. Despommier, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus of Public Health (Parasitology) and Microbiology, The Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University in the City of New York 10032, Adjunct Professor, Fordham University Daniel O. Griffin, M.D., Ph.D. CTropMed® ISTM CTH© Department of Medicine-Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York, New York, NY 10032, ProHealth Care, Plainview, NY 11803. Robert W. Gwadz, Ph.D. Captain USPHS (ret), Visiting Professor, Collegium Medicum, The Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland, Fellow of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Fellow of the Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, Chevalier of the Nation, Republic of Mali Peter J. Hotez, M.D., Ph.D., FASTMH, FAAP, Dean, National School of Tropical Medicine, Professor, Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital Endowed Chair of Tropical Pediatrics, Co-Director, Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baker Institute Fellow in Disease and Poverty, Rice University, University Professor, Baylor University, former United States Science Envoy Charles A. -
Parasites 1: Trematodes and Cestodes
Learning Objectives • Be familiar with general prevalence of nematodes and life stages • Know most important soil-borne transmitted nematodes • Know basic attributes of intestinal nematodes and be able to distinguish these nematodes from each other and also from other Lecture 4: Emerging Parasitic types of nematodes • Understand life cycles of nematodes, noting similarities and significant differences Helminths part 2: Intestinal • Know infective stages, various hosts involved in a particular cycle • Be familiar with diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, pathogenicity, Nematodes &treatment • Identify locations in world where certain parasites exist Presented by Matt Tucker, M.S, MSPH • Note common drugs that are used to treat parasites • Describe factors of intestinal nematodes that can make them emerging [email protected] infectious diseases HSC4933 Emerging Infectious Diseases HSC4933. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2 Readings-Nematodes Monsters Inside Me • Ch. 11 (pp. 288-289, 289-90, 295 • Just for fun: • Baylisascariasis (Baylisascaris procyonis, raccoon zoonosis): Background: http://animal.discovery.com/invertebrates/monsters-inside-me/baylisascaris- [box 11.1], 298-99, 299-301, 304 raccoon-roundworm/ Video: http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me-the-baylisascaris- [box 11.2]) parasite.html Strongyloidiasis (Strongyloides stercoralis, the threadworm): Background: http://animal.discovery.com/invertebrates/monsters-inside-me/strongyloides- • Ch. 14 (p. 365, 367 [table 14.1]) stercoralis-threadworm/ Videos: http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me-the-threadworm.html http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me-strongyloides-threadworm.html Angiostrongyliasis (Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the rat lungworm): Background: http://animal.discovery.com/invertebrates/monsters-inside- me/angiostrongyliasis-rat-lungworm/ Video: http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me-the-rat-lungworm.html HSC4933. -
Zoonotic Nematodes of Wild Carnivores
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2019 Zoonotic nematodes of wild carnivores Otranto, Domenico ; Deplazes, Peter Abstract: For a long time, wildlife carnivores have been disregarded for their potential in transmitting zoonotic nematodes. However, human activities and politics (e.g., fragmentation of the environment, land use, recycling in urban settings) have consistently favoured the encroachment of urban areas upon wild environments, ultimately causing alteration of many ecosystems with changes in the composition of the wild fauna and destruction of boundaries between domestic and wild environments. Therefore, the exchange of parasites from wild to domestic carnivores and vice versa have enhanced the public health relevance of wild carnivores and their potential impact in the epidemiology of many zoonotic parasitic diseases. The risk of transmission of zoonotic nematodes from wild carnivores to humans via food, water and soil (e.g., genera Ancylostoma, Baylisascaris, Capillaria, Uncinaria, Strongyloides, Toxocara, Trichinella) or arthropod vectors (e.g., genera Dirofilaria spp., Onchocerca spp., Thelazia spp.) and the emergence, re-emergence or the decreasing trend of selected infections is herein discussed. In addition, the reasons for limited scientific information about some parasites of zoonotic concern have been examined. A correct compromise between conservation of wild carnivores and risk of introduction and spreading of parasites of public health concern is discussed in order to adequately manage the risk of zoonotic nematodes of wild carnivores in line with the ’One Health’ approach. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.12.011 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-175913 Journal Article Published Version The following work is licensed under a Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License. -
Infectious Diseases of the Philippines
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE PHILIPPINES Stephen Berger, MD Infectious Diseases of the Philippines - 2013 edition Infectious Diseases of the Philippines - 2013 edition Stephen Berger, MD Copyright © 2013 by GIDEON Informatics, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by GIDEON Informatics, Inc, Los Angeles, California, USA. www.gideononline.com Cover design by GIDEON Informatics, Inc No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission from the publisher. Contact GIDEON Informatics at [email protected]. ISBN-13: 978-1-61755-582-4 ISBN-10: 1-61755-582-7 Visit http://www.gideononline.com/ebooks/ for the up to date list of GIDEON ebooks. DISCLAIMER: Publisher assumes no liability to patients with respect to the actions of physicians, health care facilities and other users, and is not responsible for any injury, death or damage resulting from the use, misuse or interpretation of information obtained through this book. Therapeutic options listed are limited to published studies and reviews. Therapy should not be undertaken without a thorough assessment of the indications, contraindications and side effects of any prospective drug or intervention. Furthermore, the data for the book are largely derived from incidence and prevalence statistics whose accuracy will vary widely for individual diseases and countries. Changes in endemicity, incidence, and drugs of choice may occur. The list of drugs, infectious diseases and even country names will vary with time. Scope of Content: Disease designations may reflect a specific pathogen (ie, Adenovirus infection), generic pathology (Pneumonia - bacterial) or etiologic grouping (Coltiviruses - Old world). Such classification reflects the clinical approach to disease allocation in the Infectious Diseases Module of the GIDEON web application. -
Clinical Features of Human Intestinal Capillariasis in Tai-Tung
Clinical Features of Human Intestinal Capillariasis in Tai-tung Ming-Jong Bair, Tsang-En Wang*, Tai-Cherng Liou*, Shee-Chan Lin*, Chin-Roa Kao*, Tao-Yeuan Wang**, and Kwok-Kuen Pang*** Department of Gastroenterology, ***Department of Radiology , Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung Branch, Taitung; and *Department of Gastroenterology, **Department of Pathology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei Abstract Human intestinal capillariasis is a rare parasitosis that was first recognized in the Philippines in the 1960s. The parasitosis is a life threatening disease and has been reported from Thailand, Japan, South of Taiwan (Kaoh-Siung), Korea, Iran, Egypt, Italy and Spain. Clinical symptoms are characterized by chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, borborygmi, marked weight loss, protein and electrolyte loss and cachexia. Capillariasis may be fatal if treatment is not given early. We reported 7 cases living in rural areas of Taiwan. They had no history of travelling abroad. Two cases had the diet of raw freshwater fish before. Two cases received emergency laparotomy due to peritonitis and found of enteritis cystica profunda. According to the route of transmission, freshwater and brackish-water fish may act as the intermediate host of the parasite. The most simple and convenient method of diagnosing capillariasis is stool examination. Two cases were diagnosed by histology. Mebendazole or albendazole 200mg orally twice a day for 20-30 days as the treatment of choice. All the patients were cured, and relapses were not observed within 12 months. ( J Intern Med Taiwan 2001;12:303-308 ) Key Words:Human infection, Capillaria Philippinensis, Intestinal capillariasis Introduction Capillaria species parasitize many classes of vertebrates, although only 4 species described have been found in humans: Capillaria Phillippinensis, Capillaria plica, Capillaria aerophila, and Capillaria hepatica 1. -
Parasitic Organisms Chart
Parasitic organisms: Pathogen (P), Potential pathogen (PP), Non-pathogen (NP) Parasitic Organisms NEMATODESNematodes – roundworms – ROUNDWORMS Organism Description Epidemiology/Transmission Pathogenicity Symptoms Ancylostoma -Necator Hookworms Found in tropical and subtropical Necator can only be transmitted through penetration of the Some are asymptomatic, though a heavy burden is climates, as well as in areas where skin, whereas Ancylostoma can be transmitted through the associated with anemia, fever, diarrhea, nausea, Ancylostoma duodenale Soil-transmitted sanitation and hygiene are poor.1 skin and orally. vomiting, rash, and abdominal pain.2 nematodes Necator americanus Infection occurs when individuals come Necator attaches to the intestinal mucosa and feeds on host During the invasion stages, local skin irritation, elevated into contact with soil containing fecal mucosa and blood.2 ridges due to tunneling, and rash lesions are seen.3 matter of infected hosts.2 (P) Ancylostoma eggs pass from the host’s stool to soil. Larvae Ancylostoma and Necator are associated with iron can penetrate the skin, enter the lymphatics, and migrate to deficiency anemia.1,2 heart and lungs.3 Ascaris lumbricoides Soil-transmitted Common in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Ascaris eggs attach to the small intestinal mucosa. Larvae Most patients are asymptomatic or have only mild nematode America, Asia, and the Western Pacific. In migrate via the portal circulation into the pulmonary circuit, abdominal discomfort, nausea, dyspepsia, or loss of non-endemic areas, infection occurs in to the alveoli, causing a pneumonitis-like illness. They are appetite. Most common human immigrants and travelers. coughed up and enter back into the GI tract, causing worm infection obstructive symptoms.5 Complications include obstruction, appendicitis, right It is associated with poor personal upper quadrant pain, and biliary colic.4 (P) hygiene, crowding, poor sanitation, and places where human feces are used as Intestinal ascariasis can mimic intestinal obstruction, fertilizer. -
02 Ulusal 18 Ozet Kitabi.Pdf
18. ULUSAL PARAZİTOLOJİ KONGRESİ 29 Eylül - 5 Ekim 2013 Denizli Bildiri Özetleri 18. Ulusal Parazitoloji Kongresi, 29 Eylül - 5 Ekim 2013, Denizli KONFERANSLAR KONF01. Parazitler Çare de Olabilir mi? Prof. Dr. Kor YERELİ KONF02. Hayvancılıkta Paraziter Hastalıklara Bağlı Ekonomik Kayıplar Savaş SARIÖZKAN KONF03. Parazitolojide Deney Hayvanı Modelleri ve Etik Doç. Dr. Tonay İNCEBOZ Kongresi KONF04. Lucilia sericata Larvaları ve Larva Sekresyonları ile Kutanöz Leishmaniasisin Tedavisi Yrd. Doç. Dr. Erdal POLAT KONF05. Yabani Kanatlılarda Bitlerle İlgili Çalışma Yapacak Araştırıcılara Tavsiyeler Prof. Dr. Bilal DİK KONF06. Kene Kaosu Prof. Dr. K. Zafer KARAER KONF07. Karaciğer ve Parazit Hastalıklarındaki Önemi Prof. Dr. M. Ali ÖZCEL Parazitoloji KONF08. Kistik Ekinokokkozis ve Hukuki Düzenlemeler Prof. Dr. Ülgen Z. OK KONF09. Türkiye’de Vektör Mücadelesinin Temel Sorunları Doç. Dr. Hüseyin ÇETİN Ulusal 18. 1 Konferanslar KONF01. Parazitler Çare de Olabilir mi? Kor YERELİ Celal Bayar Üniv. Tıp Fak. Parazitoloji AD, Manisa E-posta: [email protected] Çevresel faktörlerin insan yaşamında gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte değişimleri immun sitem kaynaklı hastalıklarda bir artış yarattığı gözlenmiştir. Yüksek düzeyde immun yanıt bizi dış etkenlerden ve kanserden korurken, düzensiz veya yanlış yönlenmiş bir immun yanıt inflamatuar hastalıkların oluşmasına yol açacaktır. Yaklaşık son 70 yılda yapılan çalışmalar göstermiştir ki, inflamatuar barsak hastalığı (IBD), multiple skleroz (MS), Tip 1 Diabet (T1D) ve astım gibi immun kökenli hastalıklar endüstrileşmiş ülke- lerde sıklıkla görülürken az gelişmiş ülkelerde nadiren bulunmaktadırlar.Kongresi Şu an için, inflamatuar barsak hastalığının A.B.D. ve Avrupa ‘da 3 milyondan fazla kişiyi etkilediği bilinen bir gerçektir. Yine S.S.S.’nin immun sistem inflamatuar hastalığı olan M.S.’in artmış sanitasyon ile artış gösterdiği de kanıtlanmıştır. -
On Emerging Problems in Food-Borne Parasitic Zoonoses
KEYNOTE ADDRESS ON EMERGING PROBLEMS IN FOOD-BORNE PARASITIC ZOONOSIS: IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE AND PUBLIC HEALTH Chirasak Khamboonruang Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and ResearchInstitute for Health Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, INTRODUCTION of hygiene in the food processing industry; and finally the appropriate application of food science Food-borne diseases can cause both direct and and technology iri food manufacture and process- indirect 'economic losses. The provision of 'clean ing' as well as in agricultural practices. food through enforceable food safety requirements In this overview, the public health aspects of afl'ects'many areas of human economic and social food-borne parasitic zoonoses, especially in Thai- activity . including agriculture, food manufacturing land, willbe reviewed.These parasitoses will have aDdprocessing,anirnal husbandry and the practice many feat'uteJ ~fscientific interestIorthosefrorn of veterinary medicine, (Waites and Arbuthnott, other countries. 1990). Unsafe 'and unclean 'foods may have to be withdrawn "frQIJl"sale and destroyed, baying a di.r,'~cteconqrnicimPllct on the food industry. FOOD-BORNE PARASITIC ZOONOnC Iadirecreconornic, distress occurs through a DISEASES IN THAILAND reductio.n or.Joss.of'income by those suffering These diseases can be categorized by their from a food-borne, illness. etiolegieal agents into four main'greups, namely, At-present; the emphasis <>0food-borne diseases protozoan, nematode, trematode, and cestode is mainly confined to foods contaminated with infections. microbial organisms ,or their, toxins, but there has, been little .emphasis on food-borne p~r!l8itic PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS zionpSespr diseases acquired tbrOUib, the .elltm of ~wmats w~ch~arbol' these 'p~rasite~' Nqrt~~m' ToxoplasnrOsJs Thailand is highly endernic area for a l~ge number of animal parasitic infections that can be' trans- Northern Thais are fond of eating raw meat, mitted to man.