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Amanda Gonçalves Bendia a Vida Microbiana Em Um AMANDA GONÇALVES BENDIA A VIDA MICROBIANA EM UM VULCÃO ANTÁRTICO: DIVERSIDADE E ADAPTAÇÃO PROCARIÓTICA NA ILHA DECEPTION Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Microbiologia do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São Paulo, para obtenção do Título de Doutor em Ciências. São Paulo 2016 AMANDA GONÇALVES BENDIA A VIDA MICROBIANA EM UM VULCÃO ANTÁRTICO: DIVERSIDADE E ADAPTAÇÃO PROCARIÓTICA NA ILHA DECEPTION Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São Paulo, para obtenção do Título de Doutor em Ciências. Área de concentração: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Orientador: Prof(a). Dr(a). Vivian Helena Pellizari Versão original São Paulo 2016 CATALOGAÇÃO NA PUBLICAÇÃO (CIP) Serviço de Biblioteca e informação Biomédica do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São Paulo Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pelo(a) autor(a) Gonçalves Bendia, Amanda A vida microbiana em um vulcão antártico: diversidade e adaptação procariótica na Ilha Deception / Amanda Gonçalves Bendia; orientadora Vivian Pellizari. -- São Paulo, 2016. 184 p. Tese (Doutorado)) -- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas. 1. Extremófilos. 2. Antártica. 3. Ambientes geotermais. 4. Diversidade microbiana. 5. Adaptação microbiana . I. Pellizari, Vivian , orientador. II. Título. UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOMÉDICAS ______________________________________________________________________ Candidato(a): Amanda Gonçalves Bendia Título da Tese: A vida microbiana em um vulcão antártico: diversidade e adaptação procariótica na Ilha Deception Orientador(a): Prof.(a) Dr(a) Vivian Helena Pelizzari A Comissão Julgadora dos trabalhos de Defesa da Tese de Doutorado, em sessão pública realizada a ..... / ..... / 2016, considerou ( ) Aprovado(a) ( ) Reprovado(a) Examinador(a): Assinatura: ...................................................................................... Nome: ............................................................................................. Instituição: ...................................................................................... Examinador(a): Assinatura: ...................................................................................... Nome: ............................................................................................. Instituição: ...................................................................................... Examinador(a): Assinatura: ...................................................................................... Nome: ............................................................................................. Instituição: ...................................................................................... Examinador(a): Assinatura: ...................................................................................... Nome: ............................................................................................. Instituição: ...................................................................................... Examinador(a): Assinatura: ...................................................................................... Nome: ............................................................................................. Instituição: ...................................................................................... Presidente: Assinatura: ...................................................................................... Nome: ............................................................................................. Instituição: ...................................................................................... Ao meu avô, Carlos Augusto Gonçalves. Seu amor e ensinamentos estarão sempre comigo. (In memoriam) AGRADECIMENTOS Durante os últimos quatro anos obtive aprendizados que carregarei durante toda a vida, e talvez o principal deles seja que nenhum trabalho é construído sozinho. Por este motivo, gostaria de expressar meus sinceros agradecimentos às inúmeras contribuições sem as quais este trabalho jamais teria sido finalizado: Ao povo brasileiro, que com muita dificuldade financia a ciência em nosso país. À Universidade de São Paulo, pela oportunidade e formação. À minha orientadora, Dra. Vivian Helena Pellizari, por todas as oportunidades incríveis e aprendizados valiosos transmitidos ao longo dos últimos anos. Muito obrigada por toda a ajuda, incentivo, confiança, amizade, e por aguçar ainda mais o meu fascínio pelo incrível mundo da Microbiologia. Ao Dr. Rubens Duarte, meu “co-orientador não oficial”, por todos os conhecimentos pacientemente transmitidos, pela constante ajuda e amizade. Obrigada por iniciar a ideia deste trabalho e por muitas vezes me trazer de volta à realidade quando eu queria abraçar o mundo. À Rosa Gamba, que nunca mediu esforços para me ajudar ao longo desses anos, “salvando a minha vida” incontáveis vezes. Sem você este trabalho jamais seria possível. Muito obrigada pela valiosíssima amizade e pelo exemplo de força e dedicação. Aos amigos do Laboratório de Ecologia Microbiana, Adriana, Natascha, Felipe, Diego, Luciano, Fran, Luana, Célio, Renato, Camila, Vitor, Juliana, Dra. Cristina Nakayama, por todo o companheirismo, ajuda e amizade. Foi um prazer compartilhar os últimos anos com vocês. Em especial, à “Equipe Illumina”, pelo apoio mútuo, discussões científico- filosófico-existenciais, e por fazer das muitas madrugadas sombrias de experimentos momentos tão agradáveis e divertidos. Ao Dr. Douglas Galante e Dr. Fábio Rodrigues, por todas as oportunidades astrobiológicas e amizade ao longo dos últimos anos. Aos meus professores da graduação que tanto me inspiraram, especialmente ao Dr. André Lima, que me iniciou na carreira científica, transmitindo ensinamentos indispensáveis à minha formação, e ao Dr. Marcus Adonai, que ao comentar sobre Astrobiologia e extremófilos em suas aulas, direcionou os rumos da minha vida acadêmica. À Dra. Claudia Lage, que me iniciou nas pesquisas astrobiológicas durante o Mestrado. À tripulação do Navio Polar Almirante Maximiano durante a Operação Antártica XXXII, em especial ao Comandante Benoni e ao Chefe de Operações Gizo Sampaio, pelo incrível apoio logístico durante as coletas realizadas neste trabalho. Ao Programa Antártico Brasileiro, ao Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (MCTIC), ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ), à Marinha do Brasil e à Força Aérea Brasileira, pelo apoio financeiro e logístico durante a Operação Antártica XXXII. Ao Dr. Jefferson Simões, coordenador no Projeto Criosfera (CNPq-Proantar), da qual este trabalho fez parte, e ao Dr. Luiz Rosa, coordenador do grupo de Microbiologia Polar, pelo apoio durante as coletas em Deception. Ao Dr. Antônio Carlos Rocha Campos, coordenador do projeto “Registro paleoclimático da transição (greenhouse-icehouse) Eoceno-Oligoceno na Antártica Ocidental”, e à Dra. Wânia Duleba, pelo apoio durante as coletas em Deception. À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), pela bolsa de Doutorado concedida. À minha mãe, por todo o amor e dedicação incondicional para a minha educação desde os meus primeiros anos de vida. Obrigada por estar sempre ao meu lado me incentivando e vibrando a cada conquista. Ao meu avô, Carlos Augusto Gonçalves (in memoriam) por sempre ter me apoiado incondicionalmente, sem nunca medir esforços para proporcionar todas as oportunidades que me fizeram chegar até aqui. Seu amor e ensinamentos estarão sempre comigo, me dando forças para continuar. Aos melhores padrinhos que eu poderia ter: Claudia Müller e Alexandre Bittencourt, e aos demais familiares, Vó, Tia Cris, Tio Xande, Sabrina, Lucas, Matheus, Tia Sandra, Thomaz, Thiago, Pri, Isa e Ceci, obrigada pelo constante amor, carinho e apoio. Às “melhores amigas”, Lola, Nah, Beth e Lucy, obrigada pela grande amizade construída nos últimos anos. Admiro cada uma de vocês e é um prazer acompanhar as suas jornadas. Contem sempre comigo. À minha família “emprestada”, Nilda Parisi, Lourdes, Ricardo, Renata, Cacá, Nanda, Ana, Alex e Carlão, obrigada por todo o carinho e apoio constante. Aos meus amores caninos, Mel (in memoriam) e Darth, que trouxeram tanto amor e felicidade à minha vida. Ao meu amor e companheiro, Roberto Parisi, obrigada por estar sempre ao meu lado, me dando força nos momentos difíceis e compartilhando cada conquista. “Diante da vastidão do tempo e da imensidão do Universo, é um imenso prazer dividir um planeta e uma época com você”. “Todos os seres orgânicos que vivem sobre a Terra descendem provavelmente de uma única forma primordial, na qual a vida foi insuflada pela primeira vez [...] Há grandeza nesta visão da vida [...] que diz que, enquanto este planeta foi girando de acordo com a lei imutável da gravidade, a partir de um princípio tão simples, infinitas formas de grande beleza evoluíram e continuam a evoluir”. Charles Darwin, A Origem das Espécies, 1859 “Sou atormentado por um desejo constante pelo que é remoto. Eu amo navegar em mares proibidos...” Hermann Melville, Moby Dick, 1851 “Em algum lugar, alguma coisa incrível está esperando para ser conhecida”. Carl Sagan RESUMO BENDIA, A. G. A vida microbiana em um vulcão antártico: diversidade e adaptação procariótica na Ilha Deception. 2016. 184 f. Tese (Doutorado em Microbiologia) - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2016. Vulcões ativos na Antártica contrastam com a
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