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IAJPS 2019, 06 (09), 12307-12317 K N Ravindra* and P Sharanappa ISSN 2349-7750 CODEN [USA]: IAJPBB ISSN: 2349-7750 INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Available online at: http://www.iajps.com Research Article LEAVES AND BARK VOLATILE COMPOSITION AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CRYPTOCARYA STOCKSII MEISN. -A VULNERABLE TREE GROWING IN INDIA K N Ravindra* and P Sharanappa Department of Bioscience, P. G. Centre, University of Mysore, Hemagangothri, Hassan, India-573226 Abstract Cryptocarya stocksii Meisn. vulnerable evergreen tree grows in the Western Ghats of India. We investigated the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of C.stocksii leaves and bark oil in terms of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, scavenging of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. GC-MS analysis of essential oil of leaves revealed the presence 43 compounds were identified in collective essential oil and 32 compounds in bark collective essential oil. Leaves oils were characterized by Nerolidol (23.09%), α-Pinene (12.58%), 3-Carene (11.5 %) and Camphene (8.14%), as the major compounds. The main compounds of Bark oil were Longifolene (54.4%), Carvacrol (29.6%), Nerolidol (2.5%) and Borneol (1.6%).The results showed that antioxidant activity of C. stocksii leaves and Bark oil was dose dependent and increased with increasing the essential oil concentration. The study concludes that C. stockii leaves and Bark contain terpenoid rich oil exhibiting antioxidant activity. This is the first paper reporting the antioxidant activities and chemical composition of the essential oils of this species. Keywords: Cryptocarya stocksii, Lauraceae, essential oils, Antioxidant activity, Longifolene. Corresponding author: K N Ravindra, QR code Department of Bioscience, P.G.Centre, University of Mysore, Hemagangothri, Hassan, India-573226 [email protected] +91-9844101741 Please cite this article in press K N Ravindra and P Sharanappa., Leaves And Bark Volatile Composition And Their Antioxidant Activity Of Cryptocarya Stocksii Meisn. -A Vulnerable Tree Growing In India ., Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2019; 06(09). w w w . i a j p s . c o m Page 12307 IAJPS 2019, 06 (09), 12307-12317 K N Ravindra* and P Sharanappa ISSN 2349-7750 1.INTRODUCTION: Essential oil-bearing plants have been collected from The genus Cryptocarya comprises about 350 species, the cultivated and wild since prehistory for their most of which are confined to tropical Asia [18, flavor and fragrance properties, and the herbs, spices 19].In the Indian subcontinent, the genus is and related aromatic plants were valuable represented by 15 species, of which 6 are known to commodities for virtually all ancient civilizations be distributed in the Western Ghats of southern India [1,2] .Essential oils are complex volatile compounds [19]. produced in different plant parts which are known to have various functions in plants. The complexity in Cryptocarya stocksii Meisn. is a medium sized, essential oil is due to terpene hydrocarbons as well as evergreen tree with a dense spreading canopy and their oxygenated derivatives such as aldehydes, distributed in the evergreen forests of Western Ghats ketones, alcohols acids and esters. Essential oils from of Karnataka, India. This is common along the medicinal and aromatic plants have been known to streams and the current threat status as endemic and possess biological activity, notably antioxidant rare threatened tree at local level [20] and vulnerable activities, antibacterial and antifungal [3, 4]. at global level (IUCN, 1998) [21]. Biological activity of essential oils depends on their chemical composition determined by genotype and In spite of the relatively large number of Cryptocarya influenced by environmental and agronomic species known, little work on the essential oils of the conditions [5,6].In recent years, the essential oils genus has been reported. Cryptocarya genus have oil have attracted a great deal of scientific interest due to glands in their leaves, few species contains oil glands their potential as a source of natural antioxidants and in bark and wood [22, 23]. Analysis of the leaves oil biologically active compounds [7-8]. Essential oils from C. cunninghamii showed the presence of are rich in phenolic compounds, and for this main bicyclogermacrene, benzyl benzoate (80.2%), - reason, attract investigators to evaluate their activity phellandrene (11.8%), viridiflorene (9.1%), as antioxidants or free radical scavengers. The phenylethyl benzoate (1%) and methyl benzoate essential oils of basil, cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, (trace). There were lesser amounts of the two oregano and thyme have proven radical-scavenging furanoid linalool oxides (4.1 and 3.6%, respectively) and antioxidant properties [9]. Efforts have also been and linalool (4.5%). Very less amounts of made to explore the potential of some essential oils caryophyllene oxide and spathulenol (1.3 and 1.2%, for the treatment of infectious diseases in order to respectively) were also present [24]. substitute standard pharmaceutical remedies [10]. Phytochemical investigations of the essential oils of Lauraceae is a large family of woody plants C. mandioccana, leaves oil yielded 64 compounds composed of approximately 2,750 species, distributed with predominance of δ -cadinene, β-caryophyllene, in 54 genera distributed throughout tropical to spathulenol, benzaldehyde caryophyllene oxide, subtropical latitudes. The species are predominantly germacrene-D, and bicyclogermacrene [25]. Naves trees and mostly aromatic in nature [11, 12]. Most of et al. investigated the leaves oil of C. moschata and the Lauraceae family members are characterized by a C. aschersoniana, C. aschersoniana has been woody habit and are of great economic importance investigated and found to oil contained myrcene, 1,8- worldwide, as they provide valuable timber, aromatic cineole, (+)-linalool and the two stereoisomeric oils and important substances that are widely linalool oxides, while C. moschatum contained (S)- employed in the pharmaceutical and food industries linalool as its major constituent. [26]. [13]. Recent studies showed that many species of the Lauraceae members were found to exhibit useful Analysis of the essential oil from the Cryptocarya biological activities such as antitumour, species, endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic rainforests, antispasmodic, antipyretic, anticonvulsant, were examined by Telascrea et al. [27] shows antibacterial, fungicidal, cytotoxic, and cruzain monoterpene oil with linalool, -terpinene and - inhibitory activities and antiviral [14]. They terpinene as major compounds in C. moschata. contained interesting group of natural products, such Leaves oil of C. botethensis gave -pinene, -pinene as alkaloids, flavonoids, monoterpenes and and trans-verbenol were the major, components, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes and sterols, 2-pyrones, while in C. saligna germacrene-D, benzophenones and arylpropanoids[15]. In addition, bicyclogermacrene and spathulenol predominated. compounds from the medicinal plants of this family The component that is most commonly associated have been found to show antioxidant activities, which with Cryptocarya is that derived from C. massoia can promote anti proliferation of the human cancer bark, viz. massoia lactone, which has a pleasant cells [16, 17]. w w w . i a j p s . c o m Page 12308 IAJPS 2019, 06 (09), 12307-12317 K N Ravindra* and P Sharanappa ISSN 2349-7750 peach smell. This compound (combined with its 6- (30mL X 0.25mm ID X 0.25 μl thickness), heptyl- homologue) has previously has been obtained programming from 500C (1min) to 3000C at from the bark and heartwood of this species [28-30]. 100C/min, 5 min hold time. Helium as carrier gas at a C. cocosoides produced oil in which flow rate 1.0 ml/min. Samples (1 μl) were injected bicyclogermacrene (3-26%), spathulenol (16-47%), manually in the split mode (10:1). Mass spectra data massoia lactone (11-15%), and benzyl benzoate (0.2- were acquired in the scan mode in m/z range 30-600. 5%) were the principal components. C. The components were identified based on their bellendenkerana gave leaves oil in which the major retention time, abundance and fragmentation patterns components were the terpenes viridiflorene (9.1%) by reference to the NIST 2011 library. The limonene (8.3%) and -phellandrene (11.8%). The percentages of each component are reported as raw principal components of the leaves oil of C. lividula percentages based on total ion current without were spathulenol (21.1%), bicyclogermacrene standardization. (26.1%), and -eudesmol (6.1%). acetophenone and Benzaldehyde and were both present in amounts of 2.3. Antioxidant activity of the essential oil less than 0.7%.[31]. isolated from Cryptocarya stocksii 2.3.1. Anti-lipid peroxidation activity In recent study 71 were identified in the essential oil Anti-lipid peroxidation activities of essential oil were from leaves of C. alba composed mainly of (E)- estimated by TBARS method [36]. 0.5 ml of egg βbergamotene , viridiflorol and germacrene-D, homogenate and essential oil with different sabinene , camphene ,β-eudesmol , eucalyptol , concentrations (1-50µl) were made up to 1 ml with terpin-4-ol, p-cymol, cineol, α-pinene, β-pinene and distilled water. 100μl of 0.07M FeSO4 was added and borneol-terpineol [32].Further, phytochemical incubated for 30 min at room temperature. To all test analysis of C. stocksii bark extracts revealed the tubes 1.5 ml of acetic acid, 1.5 ml of TBA and